TCV N 5760:19 :1993
VI ET NAM STANDAR STA NDARDS DS
T CVN CV N 5760:19 :1993
FI RE-EXTI NGUIS NGUISHI HING NG SY SY STEM GENERAL GENERAL REQUI REQUI REMENTS REM ENTS FOR DESI DESI GN, GN, INSTAL INSTAL L ATI ON AND AND UTILIZATION
This This Sta Standard is applied lied for for design ign, ins installat llation ion an and ut utiliza ilization ion of of fire fire-exting inguish ishing ing systems equipped for construction works, (factories, enterprises, warehouses, offices, and houses, etc.) 1 Term Termin ino olog logy and definit finitio ion ns
1.1 Fire-extinguishing system is a general term for specialized technical equipment, pipework and fire-extinguishing substances used to extinguish a fire. 1.2 A fixed fire-exting re-extingui uishing shing system system means a fire-exting re-extingui uishing shing system system which which is installed in a fixed location. 1.3 A sem semi-fixed xed fi fire-exti re-extinguishi nguishing ng syste system is a fire-ext fi re-extiinguishi nguishing ng syste system which part part of the system is installed fixedly while the remaining is to be completely installed under fire extinguishing. 1.4 A n automatic tic fi fire-exting re-extingui uishi shing ng means a fire –extingu –extinguiishing system which which is automatically controlled once a fire occurs. 1.5 A manual nual fi fire-extingu re-extinguiishing system is a fire-exting re-extingui uishing shing system which which is is opera operated ted by hand. hand. 1.6 V olum olume-based sed fire-f fi re-fiighti ghting ng system system is a fire-exting re-extingui uishing shing system creati creating ng an environment where fire is not sustained within the volume requiring fire protection. 1.7 Surface fire-extinguishing system is a fire-extinguishing system which is sued to cover by spraying over the surface of the fire substance. 1.8 Water fire-fighting system means a fire-fighting system of which the substance used for fire extinguishing is water. 1.9 Foam fire-fighting system means a fire-fighting system of which the substance used to fight fire is foam. 1.10 Powder fi fire-fi re-f ighti ghting system system means a fire-f fi re-fiighti ghting ng syste system of which which the substa substance nce used for fire extinguishing is powder. 1.11 Gas fire-fighting system means a fire-fighting system of which the substance used to extinguish fire is gas. 1
TCVN 5760:1993
1.12 Steam fire-fighting system means a fire-fighting system of which the substance used for fire extinguishing is steam. 1.13 Sprinkler fire-fighting system means a fire-fighting system with a closed ejector set in permanent status. Such ejector will open once fixed temperature is reached and it only extinguishes partly on a pre-fixed area. 1.14 Drencher fire-fighting system means a fire-fighting system with open ejector. Once a fire occurs, the whole are below the ejectors will spray fire-fighting substance. 1.15 Wall fire-fighting system means a fire-fighting system which is installed on the wall inside the construction building. 1.16 Control unit means the equipment that controls the operation of a fire-fighting system. 1.17 Fire-extinguishing substance supply and storage unit means the equipment that is used to store and convey fire-fighting substance. 1.18Fire-fighting substance distribution unit is a general term for technical equipment used to distribute, conduct and transfer fire-fighting substance. 2. Fire classification
2.1 Subject to the status of fire substances and materials, a fire is divided into 4 categories: solid fire is symbolized as A, liquid fire as B, gas fire as C and metal fire as D. Each category is also classified into group to ensure high efficiency when employing fire-fighting system. 2.2 Fire category and group are stipulated in Table 1 Fire category symbol
Fire feature
1
2
Fire group symbol 3 A1
A
Solid fire A2
B
2
Liquid fire
B1
Table 1 Fire group feature
4 Solid burned in smouldering process (e.g. wood, paper, dry weeds, straw, coal and textile products Solid burned without smouldering process (e.g. plastic materials) Burning of liquid not mixed in water (e.g. gasoline, ether, fuel, mineral oil), solid fire turning to liquid (e.g. paraffin)
TCVN 5760:1993
Burning of liquid mixed in water (e.g. alcohol, methanol, glycerin)
B2 C
Gas fire (e.g. methane, hydro, propane..) D1
D
Metal fire
D2
D3
Burning of light metal (e.g. aluminum, magnesium and their alloy) Burning of alkali metal and other similar metals (e.g. natrium, kalium) Burning of alloys containing metal (e.g. metal organic compound, metal hydro)
2.3 The fire symbols help to use fire-fighting equipment, tools properly with each type of fire. Each fire-extinguishing tool, equipment shall be labeled with symbol, conforming to regulations. Fire symbols are stated in Table 2. Table 2
Fire category A B C D
Fire symbols (black shape, white word) (pls. see original)
A B C D
(triangle)
(square) (round) (diamond)
Note: For equipment, tools which can fight various fires, they shall be labeled sufficiently types of required symbols. 3. Design requirements
3.1 When designing fire-fighting system, it is required to base on fire category, fire-rate and quantity of fire substance in the work and fire-fighting efficiency of the system. See Table 3 for fire-fighting efficiency when designing system.
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TCVN 5760:1993
Table 3 Firefighting substance Water
System Wall Sprinkler Drencher
++
Light foam
++
Heavy foam
Foam Gas Powder
Efficiency when fighting types of fire A B C D A1 A2 B1 B2 D1 D2
Average foam CO2 BC Powder ABCD Powder
+ +
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
++
+
-
-
++
+
++
++
++
D3
-
Note: Symbol “++”
means Very efficient Symbol “+” means Suitable for fire fighting Symbol “-” means Not suitable for fire fighting Light foam means Foam with high expanding multiple Averagefoam means Foamwith average expanding multiple Heavy foam means Foamwith low expanding multiple BC Powder means Powder used for fighting fires symbolized as B,C ABCD Powder means Powder used for fighting fires symbolized as A,B,C and D
3.2 Fire-extinguishing system with: -
Alarm unit Control unit Fire-fighting substance supply and storage unit Fire-extinguishing distributor and ejector/sprayer Pipework Power supply unit
For manual and semi-fixed fire-fighting systems, it is allowed to reduce some components which are considered unnecessary in the system. 3.3 When designing a fire-fighting system, fire-fighting substance capacity shall be ensured. The fire-fighting substance capacity is subject to types of fire-fighting substance, fire materials, area and volume requiring fire-extinguishing. 3.4 The fire-fighting system shall ensure sufficient pressure to put the fire-fighting substance into the place on fire. 3.5 The fire-fighting substance supply and storage unit shall ensure a continuous operation and shall have a reservation suitable for each type of fire-fighting systems, in conformity with TCVN 2622-78 and TCVN 5307 – 1991
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TCVN 5760:1993
3.6 The fire-fighting distributor, ejector and spraying head (l ăng phun) shall ensure to cover the fire surface with fire-fighting substance. 3.7 It is required to use suitable sprayers and spraying heads for each type of firefighting system. 3.8 The alarm unit shall ensure normal operation. When fighting fire, alarm signals shall be given. 3.9 The power supply unit shall ensure to supply sufficiently energy for a fire-fighting system to operate. There shall be a standby power supply source to duly substitute once the main power supply source is cut off. 3.10 When designing fire-fighting systems for a construction work, it is required: - Explanation for structure and operation principle of the system - Technical specifications - Calculations and definitions of specifications - Instructions for systemfunction checking and technical maintenance manual. - Technical drawings. 3.11When designing fire-fighting system, it is required to review the work structural features to ensure efficiency when putting it in use. 3.12 SPRINK LER fire-fighting system shall only be designed for construction work having ceiling or roof height from 10m downwards. The distance from sprayer, spraying head to fire materials shall be ensured from 0.5m onwards. 3.13 The DRENCHER fire-fighting system is designed for construction work without any limit for ceiling or roof height. When designing DRENCHER fire-fighting system, it is required to have an regional division to avoid uncontrollably fire-extinguishing. 3.14When designing foam or gas fire-fighting system, it is required to consider the ability of excessive gas getting out in order to reduce extra pressure in the work. 3.15 The fire-fighting substance supply and storage unit shall be designed either indoors or outdoors subject to specific conditions of the work. 4. I nstallation requirements
4.1 It is only allowed to carry out installation or replacement a fire-fighting system according to design documents approved by a fire-protection authority. 4.2 When installing a fire-fighting system, all equipment shall be ensured for tightness and durability, especially the systems which contain pressured fire-fighting substance. 4.3 The fire-fighting substance supply and storage unit placed outdoors shall have a weather-protection roof. 5
TCVN 5760:1993
4.4 After completely installing a fire-fighting system, it is required to carry out testing, making assessment for the quality and technical specifications of the system and recording all data in inspection minutes. 5. Utilization requirements
5.1 It is only allowed to put into operation those fire-fighting system which ensure that the quality and technical specification conform to design. 5.2 Each fire-fighting system must have a record book to record all data relevant to such system. The record book shall be kept and recorded by the operator. 5.3 The fire-fighting system shall manufacturer’s instructions.
be periodically maintained according to
In case of repair and/or replacement once there is operation problem or failure, it shall be performed in compliance with the instructions. 5.4 After using fire-fighting system for fire extinguishing or practicing, the managing office shall quickly replace or repair the system if so required. 5.5 The fire-fighting system operator shall have a certain professional understanding and shall be well aware of operation procedure as instructed by manufacturer. 5.6 The system operator shall regularly inspect the fire-fighting capability and availability of the system according to manufacturer’s instructions as well as other relevant documents. When failures are found, it is required to inform the person in charge in the company/office to overcome/resolve. 5.7 The person who carries out repairing or maintenance or replacement of fire-fighting systemcomponents shall be qualified and decided by an authority. ____________
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