Fire Sprinkler System - By BTSalazar

Fire Protection System Protecting Proper Property ty,, Saving Life

EDD Development Program presented by: Engr . Bernabe Salazar Jr

Aftermath of fire – the cost of failing to manage fire










Fire

Section Objectives You will be able to identify and explain: •What a fire is •Necessary elements for a fire to occur •Characteristics and types of fuel classes •Characteristics and types of ignition

sources •Characteristics of flammable liquids •How heat is transferred during a fire •Products of combustion

FIRE What is Fire? Fire is rapid, self-sustaining oxidation accompanied by the evolution of varying intensities of heat and light. This definition indicates that fire is a chemical process of decomposition in which the rapid oxidation of a fuel produces heat and light .

ELEMENTS OF FIRE Fire TRIANGLE

ELEMENTS OF FIRE Fire SQUARE

Classification of Fires RA 9514 Class

Type of Fire

Class A Fires involving ordinary combustible Fires materials such as wood,

cloth, rubber and plastics.

Class B Fires involving flammable liquids and Fires gases. Class C Fires involving energized electrical Fires equipment. Class D Fires involving combustible materials, such Fires as sodium,magnesium, potassium, and

other similar materials.

Class K Fires in cooking appliances that involve Fires combustible cooking media (vegetable or

animal oils and fats).

Symbol

Classes of Fire

METHODS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRE • Starving • Smothering • Cooling • Inhibition or retarding the combustion reaction

IGNITION SOURCES heat-producing action • mechanical (friction,compression)

• electrical (resistance, arcing, static, lightning)

• chemical (combustion,decomposition, spontaneous heating, solution)

• nuclear reaction

FIRE IN ENCLOSED SPACE

FIRE GROWTH GRAPH

HEAT TRANSFER

HEAT TRANSFER

HEAT TRANSFER

What type of heat transfer is this?

HEAT TRANSFER

What type of heat transfer is this?

HEAT TRANSFER Flashover

HEAT TRANSFER Backdraft

If a door or window is opened and a fresh supply of oxygen is introduced at the right (wrong) time, all of the built up CO will explode with devastating results.

Products of Combustion Flame

Heat

Smoke Gases CO2, CO-flammable SO2, NO2, Hydrogen Cyanide Acrolein

Types of Sprinkler System 1. Wet Pipe System 2. Dry Pipe System 3. Deluge System 4. Preaction System

Sprinkler system : basic configuration 1.main water tank 2.main water pump 3.main pilot valve (dry) 4. pilot valve (wet) 5. sprinkler head - standing configuration 6.sprinkler head - hanging configuration 7.pressure tank 8.testing piping 9.testing piping 10.filling piping 11.compressor 12.alarm bell 13.fire central 14. alarm bell 15..pressure gauge 16. switchboard

Hydrant system : basic configuration

1. Fire Pump 2. Hydrant 3. Fire Hose cabinet 4. Fire Hose 5. Portable Water Monitor 6. Fix Water Monitor 7. Indoor Hydrant Box 8. Control Panel

Sprinkler system : basic configuration

1. Fire Pump 2. Cistern tank 3. Pressure Tank 4.Flow Meter 5.Non-rise temperature Device 6. Alarm valve unit 7. Sprinkler Head 8. Test Valve 9. Fire department Connection 10. Water Tank 11. Control Panel 12. Alarm Panel 13.Alrm Siren 14. Level switch


1. CO2 Cylinder 2. Manifold 3. Selection Valve 4.Actuating Cylinder Box 5.Discharge Nozzle 6. Pressure Switch 7. Control Panel 8. Battery Panel 9.Discharge Lamp 10.Alarm 11. Manual Operation Box 12. Detector



Wet Pipe System. A sprinkler system employing fusible element sprinklers attached to a piping that contain water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from sprinklers head opened by heat from a fire.


Dry Pipe System. A sprinkler system employing fusible head sprinklers attached to a piping system containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve known as a dry pipe valve. The water then flows into the piping system and out the opened sprinklers.




Preaction System. A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system containing air that may or may not be under pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers. Actuation of the detection system opens a valve that permits water to flow into the sprinkler piping system and to be discharged from any sprinklers that are open.


Deluge System. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a water supply through a valve that is opened by the operation of a detection system installed in the same areas as t he sprinklers. When this valve opens, water flow into the piping system and discharges from all sprinklers attached thereto.


Myths and Facts About Sprinkler Systems Water damage from a sprinkler system will be more extensive than fire damage Fact: Water damage from a sprinkler system will be much less severe than the damage caused by water from fire-fighting hose lines and fire damage if the fire goes unabated. Quick response sprinklers release 8-24 gallons of water per minute compared to 50-125 gallons per minute released by a fire hose

Myths and Facts About Sprinkler Systems When a fire occurs, every sprinkler head goes off Fact: Sprinkler heads are individually activated by fire. . 90% of all fires are controlled with six or fewer heads and a study conducted in Australia and New Zealand covering 82 years of automatic sprinkler use found that 82% of the fires which occurred were controlled by two or fewer sprinklers.

Myths and Facts About Sprinkler Systems A smoke detector provides enough protection

Fact: Smoke detectors save lives by providing a warning system but can do nothing to extinguish a growing fire .

Myths and Facts About Sprinkler Systems Sprinklers are designed to protect property, but are not effective for life safety Fact: Sprinklers provide a high level of life safety. Statistics demonstrate that there has never been any multiple loss of life in a fully sprinklered building. Property losses are 85% less with fire sprinklers compared to those without sprinklers. The combination of automatic sprinklers and early warning systems in all buildings could reduce overall injuries, loss of life and property damage by at least 50%.

Sprinkler section : flow control

Types of Sprinkler Heads

Conventional

Horizontal Sidewall

Upright

Vertical Sidewall

Pendent

Recessed Pendent

Types of Sprinkler Heads

Recessed Pendent

Concealed Pendent

Sprinkler Heads Parts Frame or casting Deflector Fusible element or frangible bulb Pip Cap Pintle Screw Belleville Spring The Bellville Spring seals the water way of the sprinkler. This metal to metal sealing mechanism allows the waterway to clear even when no pressure is on the inlet of the sprinkler head.

Sprinkler Heads Fusible Element

Ordinary

Intermediate

High

Exra High

Ultra High

RED

YELLOW

GREEN

BLUE

MAUVE

BLACK

68 0C

79 0C

100 0C

141 0C

182 0C

260 0C

155 0F

175 0F

212 0F

286 0F

360 0F

500 0F

Maximum Ceiling Temperature 38 0C 100 0F

65 0C 107 0C 149 Standard Response Elements – 5mm bulb 150 0F 225 0F 300 0F

240 465 0F

Sprinkler Heads Fusible Element

Ordinary

Intermediate

High

RED

YELLOW

GREEN

BLUE

68 0C

79 0C

100 0C

141 0C

155 0F

175 0F

212 0F

286 0F

Maximum Ceiling Temperature 38 0C 100 0F

65 0C 150 0F Fast Response Elements – 3mm bulb

107 0C 225 0F

Sprinkler Head Response

Classification of Occupancy RA: 9514 ; Rule 10: Fire Safety Measure , Division 3 : Classification of Occupancy 1. Assembly 2. Educational 3. Healthcare 4.Detention and Correctional 5. Residential 6. Mercantile 7. Business 8. Industrial 9. Storage 10. Mixed Occupancies 11. Miscellaneous

Classification of Occupancy RA: 9514 ; Rule 10: Fire Safety Measure , Division 3

1. Assembly 2. Educational 3. Healthcare 4.Detention and Correctional 5. Residential

6. Mercantile 7. Business 8. Industrial 9. Storage 10. Mixed Occupancies 11. Miscellaneous

Fire Sprinkler System - By BTSalazar

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