MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
Table C3-1 Minimum Design Dead Loadsa Component CEILINGS Acoustical fiber board Gypsum board (per 1/8-in. thickness) Mechanical duct allowance Plaster on tile or concrete Plaster on wood lath Suspended steel channel system Suspended metal lath and cement plaster Suspended metal lath and gypsum plaster Wood furring suspension system COVERINGS, ROOF, AND WALL WALL Asbestos-cement shingles Asphalt shingles Cement tile Clay tile (for mortar add 10 psf) Book tile, 2-in. Book tile, 3-in. Ludowici Roman Spanish Composition: Three-ply ready roofing Four-ply felt and gravel Five-ply felt and gravel Copper or tin Corrugated asbestos-cement roofing Deck, metal, 20 gage Deck, metal, 18 gage Decking, 2-in. wood (Douglas fir) Decking, 3-in. wood (Douglas fir) Fiberboard, 1/2-in. Gypsum sheathing, 1/2-in. Insulation, roof boards (per inch thickness) Cellular glass Fibrous glass Fiberboard Perlite Polystyrene foam Urethane foam with skin Plywood (per 1/8-in. thickness) Rigid insulation, 1/2-in. Skylight, metal frame, 3/8-in. wire glass Slate, 3/16-in. Slate, 1/4-in. Waterproofing membranes: Bituminous, gravel-covered Bituminous, smooth surface Liquid applied Single-ply, sheet Wood sheathing (per inch thickness) Wood shingles FLOOR FILL Cinder concrete, per inch
Load (psf) 1 0.55 4 5 8 2 15 10 2.5 4 2 16 12 20 10 12 19 1 5.5 6 1 4 2.5 3 5 8 0.75 2 0.7 1.1 1.5 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.75 8 7 10 5.5 1.5 1 0.7 3 3 9 Continued
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Table C3-1 (Continued ) Component Lightweight concrete, per inch Sand, per inch Stone concrete, per inch FLOORS AND FLOOR FINISHES Asphalt block (2-in.), 1/2-in. mortar Cement finish (1-in.) on stone–concrete fill Ceramic or quarry tile (3/4-in.) on 1/2-in. mortar bed Ceramic or quarry tile (3/4-in.) on 1-in. mortar bed Concrete fill finish (per inch thickness) Hardwood flooring, 7/7-in. Linoleum or asphalt tile, 1/4-in. Marble and mortar on stone–concrete fill Slate (per mm thickness) Solid flat tile on 1-in. mortar base Subflooring, 3/4-in. Terrazzo (1-1/2-in.) directly on slab Terrazzo (1-in.) on stone–concrete fill Terrazzo (1-in.), 2-in. stone concrete Wood block (3-in.) on mastic, no fill Wood block (3-in.) on 1/2-in. mortar base FLOORS, WOOD-JOIST (NO PLASTER) DOUBLE WOOD FLOOR Joint sizes (in.) 12-in. spacing (1b/ft 2) 16-in. spacing (1b/ft 2) 2×6 6 5 2×8 6 6 2 × 10 7 6 2 × 12 8 7 FRAME PAR PARTITIONS TITIONS Movable steel partitions Wood or steel studs, 1/2-in. gypsum board each side Wood studs, 2 × 4, unplastered Wood studs, 2 × 4, plastered one side Wood studs, 2 × 4, plastered two sides FRAME WALLS Exterior stud walls: 2 × 4 @ 16-in., 5/8-in. gypsum, insulated, 3/8-in. siding 2 × 6 @ 16-in., 5/8-in. gypsum, insulated, 3/8-in. siding Exterior stud walls with brick veneer Windows, glass, frame, and sash Clay brick wythes: 4 in. 8 in. 12 in. 16 in. Hollow concrete masonry unit wythes: Wythe thickness (in inches) 4 Density of unit (105 pcf) No grout 22 48 in. o.c. 40 in. o.c. grout gr 32 in. o.c. spacing 24 in. o.c. 16 in. o.c. Full grout
400
Load (psf) 8 8 12 30 32 16 23 12 4 1 33 15 23 3 19 32 32 10 16
24-in. spacing (1b/ft 2) 5 5 6 6 4 8 4 12 20
11 12 48 8 39 79 115 155 6
8
10
12
24 29 30 32 34 40 55
31 38 40 42 46 53 75
37 47 49 52 57 66 95
43 55 57 61 67 79 115
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
Table C3-1 (Continued ) Component Density of unit (125 pcf) No grout 48 in. o.c. 40 in. o.c. g rout gr 32 in. o.c. spacing 24 in. o.c. 16 in. o.c. Full grout Density of unit (135 pcf) No grout 48 in. o.c. 40 in. o.c. g rout gr 32 in. o.c. spacing 24 in. o.c. 16 in. o.c. Full grout Solid concrete masonry unit wythes (incl. concrete brick): Wythe thickness (in mm) Density of unit (105 pcf) Density of unit (125 pcf) Density of unit (135 pcf) CEILINGS Acoustical fiber board Gypsum board (per mm thickness) Mechanical duct allowance Plaster on tile or concrete Plaster on wood lath Suspended steel channel system Suspended metal lath and cement plaster Suspended metal lath and gypsum plaster Wood furring suspension system COVERINGS, ROOF, AND WALL WALL Asbestos-cement shingles Asphalt shingles Cement tile Clay tile (for mortar add 0.48 kN/m 2) Book tile, 51 mm Book tile, 76 mm Ludowici Roman Spanish Composition: Three-ply ready roofing Four-ply felt and gravel Five-ply felt and gravel Copper or tin Corrugated asbestos-cement roofing Deck, metal, 20 gage Deck, metal, 18 gage Decking, 51-mm wood (Douglas fir) Decking, 76-mm wood (Douglas fir) Fiberboard, 13 mm
Load (psf) 26
28 33 34 36 39 44 59
36 44 45 47 51 59 81
44 54 56 58 63 73 102
50 62 65 68 75 87 123
29
30 36 37 38 41 46 62
39 47 48 50 54 61 83
47 57 59 62 67 76 105
54 66 69 72 78 90 127
4 32 38 41
6 51 60 64
8 69 81 87
10 87 102 110
12 105 124 133 0.05 0.008 0.19 0.24 0.38 0.10 0.72 0.48 0.12 0.19 0.10 0.77 0.57 0.96 0.48 0.57 0.91 0.05 0.26 0.29 0.05 0.19 0.12 0.14 0.24 0.38 0.04 Continued
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Table C3-1 (Continued ) Component Gypsum sheathing, 13 mm Insulation,, roof boards (per mm thickness) Insulation Cellular glass Fibrous glass Fiberboard Perlite Polystyrene foam Urethane foam with skin Plywood (per mm thickness) Rigid insulation, 13 mm Skylight, metal frame, 10-mm wire glass Slate, 5 mm Slate, 6 mm Waterproofing membranes: Bituminous, gravel-covered Bituminous, smooth surface Liquid applied Single-ply, sheet Wood sheathing (per mm thickness) Plywood Oriented strand board Wood shingles FLOOR FILL Cinder concrete, per mm Lightweight concrete, per mm Sand, per mm Stone concrete, per mm FLOORS AND FLOOR FINISHES Asphalt block (51 mm), 13-mm mortar Cement finish (25 mm) on stone–concrete fill Ceramic or quarry tile (19 mm) on 13-mm mortar bed Ceramic or quarry tile (19 mm) on 25-mm mortar bed Concrete fill finish (per mm thickness) Hardwood flooring, 22 mm Linoleum or asphalt tile, 6 mm Marble and mortar on stone–concrete fill Slate (per mm thickness) Solid flat tile on 25-mm mortar base Subflooring, 19 mm Terrazzo (38 mm) directly on slab Terrazzo (25 mm) on stone–concrete fill Terrazzo (25 mm), 51-mm stone concrete Wood block (76 mm) on mastic, no fill Wood block (76 mm) on 13-mm mortar base FLOORS, WOOD-JOIST (NO PLASTER) DOUBLE WOOD FLOOR Joiist siz Jo izes es (m (mm) m):: 305 05-m -mm m sp spaaci cin ng (k (kN/m 2) 406-mm 51 × 152 0.29 51 × 203 0.29 51 × 254 0.34 51 × 305 0.38 FRAME PAR PARTITIONS TITIONS Movable steel partitions Wood or steel studs, 13-mm gypsum board each side
402
Load (psf) 0.10 0.0013 0.0021 0.0028 0.0015 0.0004 0.0009 0.006 0.04 0.38 0.34 0.48 0.26 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.0057 0.0062 0.14 0.017 0.015 0.015 0.023 1.44 1.53 0.77 1.10 0.023 0.19 0.05 1.58 0.028 1.10 0.14 0.91 1.53 1.53 0.48 0.77
spacing (kN/m2) 0.24 0.29 0.29 0.34
610-mm spacing (kN/m2) 0.24 0.24 0.29 0.29 0.19 0.38
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
Table C3-1 (Continued ) Component Wood studs, 51 × 102, unplastered Wood studs, 51 × 102, plastered one side Wood studs, 51 × 102, plastered two sides FRAME WALLS Exterior stud walls: 51 mm × 102 mm @ 406 mm, 16-mm gypsum, 51 mm × 152 mm @ 406 mm, 16-mm gypsum, Exterior stud walls with brick veneer Windows, glass, frame, and sash Clay brick wythes: 102 mm 203 mm 305 mm 406 mm Hollow concrete masonry unit wythes: Wythe thickness (in mm) Density of unit (16.49 kN/m 3) No grout 1,219 mm 1,016 mm g rout gr 813 mm spacing 610 mm 406 mm Full grout Density of unit (19.64 kN/m 3) No grout 1,219 mm 1,016 mm g rout gr 813 mm spacing 610 mm 406 mm Full grout Density of unit (21.21 kN/m 3) No grout 1,219 mm 1,016 mm g rout gr 813 mm spacing 610 mm 406 mm Full grout Solid concrete masonry unit Wythe thickness (in mm) Density of unit (16.49 kN/m 3) Density of unit (19.64 kN/m 3) Density of unit (21.21 kN/m 3)
Load (psf) 0.19 0.57 0.96
insulated, 10-mm siding insulated, 10-mm siding
0.53 0.57 2.30 0.38 1.87 3.78 5.51 7.42
102
152
203
254
305
1.05
1.29 1.48 1.58 1.63 1.77 2.01 2.73
1.68 1.92 2.06 2.15 2.35 2.68 3.69
2.01 2.35 2.54 2.68 2.92 3.35 4.69
2.35 2.78 3.02 3.16 3.45 4.02 5.70
1.25
1.34 1.58 1.63 1.72 1.87 2.11 2.82
1.72 2.11 2.15 2.25 2.44 2.78 3.88
2.11 2.59 2.68 2.78 3.02 3.50 4.88
2.39 2.97 3.11 3.26 3.59 4.17 5.89
1.39
1.68 1.58 1.72 1.82 1.96 2.25 3.06
2.15 2.39 2.54 2.63 2.82 3.16 4.17
2.59 2.92 3.11 3.26 3.50 3.93 5.27
3.02 3.45 3.69 3.83 4.12 4.69 6.37
102 1.53 1.82 1.96
152 2.35 2.82 3.02
203 3.21 3.78 4.12
254 4.02 4.79 5.17
305 4.88 5.79 6.27
Weights of masonry include mortar but not plaster. For plaster, add 0.24 kN/m 2 for each face plastered. Values given represent averages. In some cases there is a considerable range of weight for the same construction. a
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Table C3-2 Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials Material Aluminum Bituminous products Asphaltum Graphite Paraffin Petroleum, crude Petroleum, refined Petroleum, benzine Petroleum, gasoline Pitch Tar Brass Bronze Cast Ca st-s -sto tone ne ma maso sonr nry y (ce (ceme ment nt,, sto stone ne,, san sand) d) Cement, portland, loose Ceramic tile Charcoal Cinder fill Cinders, dry, in bulk Coal Anthracite, piled Bituminous, piled Lignite, piled Peat, dry, piled Concrete, plain Cinder Expanded-slag aggregate Haydite (burned-clay aggregate) Slag Stone (including gravel) Vermiculite and perlite aggregate, nonload-bearing Other light aggregate, load-bearing Concrete, reinforced Cinder Slag Stone (including gravel) Copper Cork, compressed Earth (not submerged) Clay, dry Clay, damp Clay and gravel, dry Silt, moist, loose Silt, moist, packed Silt, flowing Sand and gravel, dry, loose Sand and gravel, dry, packed Sand and gravel, wet Earth (submerged) Clay Soil River mud Sand or gravel Sand or gravel and clay
404
Density (lb/ft 3) 170 81 135 56 55 50 46 42 69 75 526 552 144 14 4 90 150 12 57 45 52 47 47 23 108 100 90 132 144 25–50 70–105 111 138 150 556 14 63 110 100 78 96 108 100 110 120 80 70 90 60 65
Material Glass Gravel, dry Gypsum, loose Gypsum, wallboard Ic e Iron Cast Wrought Lead Lime Hydrated, loose Hydrated, compacted Masonry, ashlar stone Granite Limestone, crystalline Limestone, oolitic Marble Sandstone Masonry, brick Hard (low absorption) Medium (medium absorption) Soft (high absorption) Masonry, concrete a Lightweight units Medium weight units Normal weight units Masonry grout Masonry, rubble stone Granite Limestone, crystalline Limestone, oolitic Marble Sandstone Mortar, cement or lime Particleboard Plywood Riprap (not submerged) Limestone Sandstone Sand Clean and dry River, dry Slag Bank Bank screenings Machine Sand Slate Steel, cold-drawn Stone, quarried, piled Basalt, granite, gneiss Limestone, marble, quartz Sandstone Shale Greenstone, hornblende
Density (lb/ft 3) 160 104 70 50 57 450 480 710 32 45 165 165 135 173 144 130 115 100 105 125 135 140 153 147 138 156 137 130 45 36 83 90 90 106 70 108 96 52 172 492 96 95 82 92 107
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
Table C3-2 (Continued ) Material Terra cotta, architectural Voids filled Voids unfilled Tin Water Fresh Sea Wood, seasoned Ash, commercial white Aluminum Bituminous products Asphaltum Graphite Paraffin Petroleum, crude Petroleum, refined Petroleum, benzine Petroleum, gasoline Pitch Tar Brass Bronze Cas astt-st sto one mas maso onry (c (ceeme men nt, st ston onee, san sand d) Cement, portland, loose Ceramic tile Charcoal Cinder fill Cinders, dry, in bulk Coal Anthracite, piled Bituminous, piled Lignite, piled Peat, dry, piled Concrete, plain Cinder Expanded-slag aggregate Haydite (burned-clay aggregate) Slag Stone (including gravel) Vermiculite and perlite aggregate, nonload-bearing Other light aggregate, load-bearing Concrete, reinforced Cinder Slag Stone (including gravel) Copper Cork, compressed Earth (not submerged) Clay, dry Clay, damp Clay and gravel, dry
Density (lb/ft 3) 120 72 459 62 64 41 27 12.7 21.2 8.8 8.6 7.9 7.2 6.6 10.8 11.8 82.6 86.7 22..6 22 14.1 23.6 1.9 9.0 7.1 8.2 7.4 7.4 3.6 17.0 15.7 14.1 20.7 22.6 3.9–7.9 11.0–16.5 17.4 21.7 23.6 87.3 2.2 9.9 17.3 15.7
Material Cypress, southern Fir, Douglas, coast region Hem fir Oak, commercial reds and whites Pine, southern yellow Redwood Spruce, red, white, and Sitka Western hemlock Zinc, rolled sheet Silt, moist, loose Silt, moist, packed Silt, flowing Sand and gravel, dry, loose Sand and gravel, dry, packed Sand and gravel, wet Earth (submerged) Clay Soil River mud Sand or gravel Sand or gravel and clay Glass Gravel, dry Gypsum, loose Gypsum, wallboard Ice Iron Cast Wrought Lead Lime Hydrated, compacted Hydrated, loose Masonry, ashlar stone Granite Limestone, crystalline Limestone, oolitic Marble Sandstone Masonry, brick Hard (low absorption) Medium (medium absorption) Soft (high absorption) Masonry, concrete a Lightweight units Medium weight units Normal weight units Masonry grout Masonry, rubble stone Granite Limestone, crystalline Limestone, oolitic
Density (lb/ft 3) 34 34 28 47 37 28 29 32 449 12.3 15.1 17.0 15.7 17.3 18.9 12.6 11.0 14.1 9.4 10.2 25.1 16.3 11.0 7.9 9.0 70.7 75.4 111.5 5.0 7.1 25.9 25.9 21.2 27.2 22.6 20.4 18.1 15.7 16.5 19.6 21.2 22.0 24.0 23.1 21.7 Continued
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Table C3-2 (Continued ) Material Marble Sandstone Mortar, cement or lime Particleboard Plywood Riprap (not submerged) Limestone Sandstone Sand Clean and dry River, dry Slag Bank Bank screenings Machine Sand Slate Steel, cold-drawn Stone, quarried, piled Basalt, granite, gneiss Limestone, marble, quartz a
Density (lb/ft 3) 24.5 21.5 20.4 7.1 5.7 13.0 14.1 14.1 16.7 11.0 17.0 15.1 8.2 27.0 77.3 15.1 14.9
Material Sandstone Shale Greenstone, hornblende Terra cotta, architectural Voids filled Voids unfilled Tin Water Fresh Sea Wood, seasoned Ash, commercial white Cypress, southern Fir, Douglas, coast region Hem fir Oak, commercial reds and whites Pine, southern yellow Redwood Spruce, red, white, and Sitka Western hemlock Zinc, rolled sheet
Tabulated values apply to solid masonry and to the solid portion of hollow masonry.
406
Density (lb/ft 3) 12.9 14.5 16.8 18.9 11.3 72.1 9.7 10.1 6.4 5.3 5.3 4.4 7.4 5.8 4.4 4.5 5.0 70.5
