UNIVERSIDAD DE EL SALVADOR
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA Y ARQUITECTURA ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL
DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOTECNIA
INGENIERIA DE MATERIALES [INM-115] [CICLO II – 2015]
Investigación Bibliográfica de Exposición “TABLA ROCA Y I!A "ACO"BER#
INTEGRANTES Rod!"#$% &$'()(* Ed"(d V'(d+,+ To$ To$.. M()o"(* M()o"(* L#+. M(+o M(+o L+,( M$+3(* Rod+"o A4o+o E.o6( S+7* I.+do G(dd+$'
Carnet R&1000 TM0/00 LM0/02/ ES08005
Docente: I"9 L$.') M$do%(
Ciudad Universitaria, Universitaria, 7 de noviembre de 20!
INDICE GENERA" Contenido #$%ina INTRODUCCI:N9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999+ O;
&'(ETI)& GENERA"999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992 GENERA"999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992
•
&'(ETI)&S ES#ECI*IC&S ES#ECI*IC&S999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992
ELEMENTO ELEMENTO PREFA;RICADO= PREFA;RICADO= VIGAS MACOM;ER9999999999999999999 MACOM;ER99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999 •
DE*INICI+N99999999999999999 DE*INICI+N9999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999
C&NSIDERACI&NES DE E"EENT&S DE ACER& EN N&RAS #ARA "A *A'RICACI+N DE )IGAS99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995 )IGAS99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995
•
•
C"ASI*ICACI+N999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999> C"ASI*ICACI+N999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999>
•
)ENTA(AS )ENTA(AS DE "A )IGA AC&'ER999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/ AC&'ER999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/
•
CRITERI&S DE ANTENIIENT& EN )IGAS AC&'ER AC&'ER9999999999999999910 9999999999999999910
•
ES#ECI*ICACI&NES TECNICAS #ARA E" DISE-&99999999999999999999999999999910 DISE-&99999999999999999999999999999910
•
.T&D&S DE DISE-& DISE-&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999911 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999911
ELEMENTO ELEMENTO PREFA;RICADO= PREFA;RICADO= TA;LA TA;LA ROCA99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ROCA999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99991 1 •
DE*INICI+N99999999999999999 DE*INICI+N9999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999991 1
•
#R&CES& DE *A'RICACI+N *A'RICACI+N999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991
•
ES#ECI*ICACI&NES T.CNICAS9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991 T.CNICAS9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991
•
(UNTAS (UNTAS DE C&NTR&"9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991 C&NTR&"9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991
•
TI#&S DE #ANE"ES DE TA'"AR&CA / US&S999999999999999999999999999999999999915 US&S999999999999999999999999999999999999915
•
)ENTA(AS999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991? )ENTA(AS999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991?
•
DES)ENTA(AS99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991? DES)ENTA(AS99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991?
•
&NTA(E EN &'RA DE TA'"A R&CA R&CA9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999918 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999918
O;SERV O;SERVACIONES999999999999999999999999 ACIONES9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999 99 2 CONCLUSIONES99999 CONCLUSIONES9999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999 25
INDICE GENERA" Contenido #$%ina INTRODUCCI:N9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999+ O;
&'(ETI)& GENERA"999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992 GENERA"999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992
•
&'(ETI)&S ES#ECI*IC&S ES#ECI*IC&S999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992
ELEMENTO ELEMENTO PREFA;RICADO= PREFA;RICADO= VIGAS MACOM;ER9999999999999999999 MACOM;ER99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999 •
DE*INICI+N99999999999999999 DE*INICI+N9999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999
C&NSIDERACI&NES DE E"EENT&S DE ACER& EN N&RAS #ARA "A *A'RICACI+N DE )IGAS99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995 )IGAS99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995
•
•
C"ASI*ICACI+N999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999> C"ASI*ICACI+N999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999>
•
)ENTA(AS )ENTA(AS DE "A )IGA AC&'ER999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/ AC&'ER999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/
•
CRITERI&S DE ANTENIIENT& EN )IGAS AC&'ER AC&'ER9999999999999999910 9999999999999999910
•
ES#ECI*ICACI&NES TECNICAS #ARA E" DISE-&99999999999999999999999999999910 DISE-&99999999999999999999999999999910
•
.T&D&S DE DISE-& DISE-&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999911 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999911
ELEMENTO ELEMENTO PREFA;RICADO= PREFA;RICADO= TA;LA TA;LA ROCA99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 ROCA999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99991 1 •
DE*INICI+N99999999999999999 DE*INICI+N9999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999991 1
•
#R&CES& DE *A'RICACI+N *A'RICACI+N999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991
•
ES#ECI*ICACI&NES T.CNICAS9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991 T.CNICAS9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991
•
(UNTAS (UNTAS DE C&NTR&"9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991 C&NTR&"9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991
•
TI#&S DE #ANE"ES DE TA'"AR&CA / US&S999999999999999999999999999999999999915 US&S999999999999999999999999999999999999915
•
)ENTA(AS999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991? )ENTA(AS999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991?
•
DES)ENTA(AS99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991? DES)ENTA(AS99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991?
•
&NTA(E EN &'RA DE TA'"A R&CA R&CA9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999918 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999918
O;SERV O;SERVACIONES999999999999999999999999 ACIONES9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999 99 2 CONCLUSIONES99999 CONCLUSIONES9999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999 25
INDICE DE *IGURAS F+"#( 19 S$+7 d$ V+"( M(o,6$999999999999999999999999 M(o,6$99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999 F+"#( 29 Fo,(. d$ V+"(. M(o,6$99999999999999999999999999999 M(o,6$9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999 99999999 > F+"#( 9 Fo,(. d$ V+"(. M(o,6$99999999999999999999999999999 M(o,6$9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999 99999999 / F+"#( 9 T(%o @(( 4(6'( 4 (6'( o(99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 o(99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999 18 F+"#( 59 C(('999999999999999999999999999999 C(('99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999 99 1> F+"#( ?9 Po.4$.99999999999999999999 Po.4$.999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999 1> F+"#( 89 Po.4$.99999999999999999999 Po.4$.999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999 1/ F+"#( >9 P($'99999999999999999999 P($'9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999 999999 1/ F+"#( /9 A"#$o. A"#$o. $ 4(6'( o(99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 o(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999 9999920 20 F+"#( 109 Co'o(+7 d$' @($' d$ )$.o99999999999999999999 )$.o9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999 21 F+"#( 119 T(4(,+$4o d$ #4(.99999999999999999999999999999 #4(.9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999 9922 22 F+"#( 129 I.4('(+799999999999999999999999 I.4('(+79999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999 22
INDICE DE CUADR&S C#(do 19 M!+,( $.+.4$+( ( '( 4$.+7999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 4$.+799999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999995 5 C#(do 29 M!+,( $.+.4$+( ( '( 4$.+7999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 4$.+799999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999995 5 C#(do 9 E.@$+(+o$. @(( $' ($o $.4#4#('99999999999999999999999999999 $.4#4#('999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999? ? C#(do 9 E.@$+(+o$. @(( $' ($o $.4#4#('99999999999999999999999999999 $.4#4#('999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999? ? C#(do 59 E.@$+(+o$. E.@$+(+o$. @(( $'$4odo999999999999999999999999 $'$4odo99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999998 999999999999998 C#(do ?9 E.@$+(+o$. E.@$+(+o$. 4B+(. d$ '( 4(6'( o(99999999999999999999999999999999999999991 o(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 1
INTR&DUCCI+N E '( (4#('+d(d $' #.o d$ $'$,$4o. @$(6+(do. .$ ( 3#$'4o #d(,$4(' $ '( @4+( d$ '( o.4#+79 Co.4( d$ #( (,@'+( "(,( d$ @od#4o. #$ (+'+4( 'o. @o$.o. o.4#4+3o.* (' o,( @(4$ d$ $''o.* o o3$4+.$ $ ,(4$+( @+,( @(( 'o. ,+.,o.9 E.4o. ,(4$+('$. 4+$$ '( ((4$!.4+( d$ "$$( # (oo* 4(4o $o7,+o o,o d$ 4+$,@o )( #$ $.4 o,(do. ) @$3+(,$4$ $.()(do. @(( #,@'+ #+o$. $.@$!(. $ $' (,@o d$ 4(6(o9 D$4o d$ 'o. @$(6+(do. d$.4((= C(6'$. d$ A$o* P$'$. L(,+(do.* So'd(d#(.* Po'+$.* V+"(. M(o,6$* T(6'( Ro(* D$"'(..* C+$'o F('.o* Lo.(. P$(6+(d(.* G(3+o$. ) G$o.+4B4+o.9 E '( @$.$4$ $o@+'(+7 6+6'+o"( .$ (6od( '(. ((4$!.4+(. d$ do. d$ $.4o. +,@o4(4$. $'$,$4o. @$(6+(do. 'o. #('$. .o= V+"(. M(o,6$ HV+"(. d$ A',( A6+$4( ) T(6'( Ro(9 A,6o. $'$,$4o. 4+$$ '(. ((4$!.4+(. #$ .# (6+(+7 .$ $('+%( @$3+(,$4$ ( '( @#$.4( $ $' 4$$o* .+"#+$do @o$.o. #$ $ '( ,()o!( d$ 'o. (.o. $.4 $"+do. 6(o o,(. 4B+(. #$ "((4+%( '( ('+d(d d$ 'o. ,+.,o.9 E. $$.(+o @o 4(4o oo$ '(. "$$('+d(d$. d$ .#. #+o$.* d+,$.+o$.* ,(4$+(. @+,(. ) .+4#(+o$. !.+(. ( '(. #$ $.4#3+$o .o,$4+d(. $ 'o. @o$.o. @$3+o. ( '( o'o(+7 $ $' 4$$o9 S$ d$o,+( T(6'( Ro( ( 4(6'$o. o J'$o o,@#$.4o d$ )$.o ) (d+4+3o. #$ ("$"( @o@+$d(d$. $.@$!(. #$ ,$o( '( ('+d(d d$' ,(4$+('* @(( d+3$.o. $. "$$(',$4$ '(,+(d(. o (4o+''o $.@$+(',$4$ $o%(do $ (,6(. ((.9 S$ #4+'+%( @++@(',$4$ @(( d+3+.+o$.* @'(o$. ('.o.* ) @(( $. d$o(4+3o. (#+4$47+o.9 D$4o d$ .#. ((4$!.4+(. $.4 '( (,@'+( 3$.(4+'+d(d $ .#. #.o.* #$ $.@$!(,$4$ $.4 '+,+4(do. (' #.o $ +4$+o$. "$$(do 3$4((. $ ,$o @$.o .o6$ '( +($.4#4#( d$ .o.4B ) #4+'+%(do ,$o $.@(+o #$ @($d$. d$ ,(,@o.4$!( # o4o.9 L(. V+"(. M(o,6$ o V+"(. d$ A',( A6+$4( o,o .$ $oo$ $ $' d+.$Ko $.4#4#('* .o $.4#4#(. d+.$K(d(. $ ($o 6(o o,( o,(d(. d$ "#'o ,$4'+o ) 3(+''(. (o,od(d(. $ o+$4(+7 o3$"$4$ 4odo. .#. $'$,$4o. .o #+do. ( 4(3B. d$ .o'd(d#(.* d$ (#$do ( o,o $.4(6'$$ 'o. @o$d+,+$4o. ) $. d$ .# #4+'+%(+7 $ $' (,@o9 L(. ,+.,(. .+3$ @(( 4(.'(d( '(. ("(. d$ $.4#4#(.
d$ 4$o ( o'#,(. o @(( .o@o4( $4$@+.o. ) 4(.,+4+ .#. ("(. ( '(. +,$4(+o$. o .+.4$,(. d$ o'#,(. o$.@od+$4$.9 D$ ,($( #$ .$ (6od( 'o. (.@$4o. ,. +,@o4(4$. d$ $.4o. @$(6+(do. ) .$ oo$ ('"#(. (@'+(+o$. $ '( @4+(* @(( 'o. ,+.,o.
&'(ETI)&S &'(ETI)& GENERA" Coo$ '( (,@'+( "(,( d$ $'$,$4o. @$(6+(do. #$ +#'( $ $' ,$d+o d$' ,$(do d$ '( o.4#+7 $ E' S('3(do9 E.@$!(,$4$ (6od(do '(. "$$('+d(d$. d$ T(6'( Ro( ) V+"(. M(o,6$ o,o $'$,$4o. d$ +4$B.9 Lo"(do (.! $' (@$d+%($ .o6$ .#. #.o.* '(.+(+7 d$ (#$do ( +4$+o. $.4(6'$+do.* 3$4((. ) d$.3$4((. d$ .# #4+'+%(+7 ) @o$.o. o,(do. o o* d$ (6+(+79 •
&'(ETI)&S ES#ECI*IC&S
1 Id("( 6+6'+o"(,$4$ .o6$ '(. ((4$!.4+(. ) #.o. d$ '( T(6'( Ro(9 2 Id("( 6+6'+o"(,$4$ .o6$ '(. ((4$!.4+(. ) #.o. d$ V+"(. M(o,6$9 Id$4+( '(. o,(4+3(. 3+"$4$. @(( (d( ,(4$+('9 E@o$ 'o. #.o. ,. o,#$. #$ .$ '$ d( ( '( T(6'( Ro( ) V+"(. M(o,6$ $ #$.4o ,$d+o9 5 E@o$ 3$4((. ) d$.3$4((. d$' #.o d$ $.4o. ,(4$+('$.9
2
E"EENT& #RE*A'RICAD&: )IGAS AC&'ER DE*INICI+N So $'$,$4o. @(( $.4#4#(. "$$(',$4$ #4+'+%(d(. $ 4$o.* $ 'o. #('$. '(. #$d(. .#@$+o $ +$+o .o @(('$'(. o @o.$$ ('"J "(do d$ +'+(+79 E.4 d$.4+(d(. ( (4(3$.( "(d$. '(o. $4$ o'#,(. o @($d$. ) d$6+do ( #$ .o $'$,$4o. ,#) !"+do. @#$d$ o'o(.$ .o6$ $''o. 'o. @o'+$. ) '("#$o.* o @$'$. +d#.4+('$. '(,+(do. 6(o o,(4+3(. ASTM* AISC* ) o4(. $+.4$4$.9 T(,6+B .o oo+d(. $ $' (,@o d$ '( +"$+$!( $.4#4#(' o,o 3+"(. d$ (',( (6+$4(9
E.4o. $'$,$4o. $.4#4#('$. .o o,@#$.4o. d$ 2 @(4$. @++@('$.=
CUERDAS A 'o. $'$,$4o. 'o"+4#d+('$. #$ o,( $' #$@o d$ '( 3+"(* .$ '$. oo$ o,o #$d(.* B.4(. $.4 ('+(d(. o,o .#@$+o$. o +$+o$. d$ (#$do ( '( @o.++7 #$ o#@( ) @#$d$ .$ $4(. o +'+(d(. o $.@$4o (' o+%o4$ d$ '( 4+$(* d$ (#$do ( '( #+7 #$ $ $' d+.$Ko 3()( ( d$.$,@$K(9 S# #+7 @++@(' $. '( 4(.,+.+7 d$ ("( (+( '(. $'o.!(. ) 4(,6+B '( d$ @o3o( # 6((do d$ ("(. (+( 'o. $'$,$4o. $.4#4#('$. d$ .o@o4$ 4('$. o,o Co'#,(.* &(@(4(.* So'$(. # o4o. 'o. #('$. 4(.,+4+ '(. ,+.,(. ( '( +,$4(+7 o$.@od+$4$9
C(6$ d$.4(( #$ $.4o. $'$,$4o. $.4 d+.$K(do. @(( 4(6(( ( 4$.+7 d$6+do ( '( $+79 D$ ,($( 4(' #$ .o ('4(,$4$ @o@$.o. (' $7,$o d$' @(d$o9 Co,o #$d(. d$ (#$do ( '( #+7 o (4#('$%( .$ @#$d$ #4+'+%( $ 3+"(. M(o,6$9 o o o
A"#'($. Po'+$. $.4#4#('$.9 P$'$. '(,+(do. o,(do.9
P#$d$ #4+'+%(.$ @(( '( (6+(+7 d$ $.4o. $'$,$4o. 3(+o. 4+@o. d$ ($o. 6(o o,(. ) $.4d($. +4$(+o('$.9 E' ,. o,J,$4$ #4+'+%(do $. $' A$o d$ A'4( R$.+.4$+( d$' 4+@o ASTM A?9 E.4o .$ d$6$ ,()o+4(+(,$4$ ( #$ $.4 d+.@o+6'$ o ,#!.+,( ,. (+'+d(d $ $' ,$(do $"+o(' ) .#. @o@+$d(d$. .o 6(.4(4$ oo+d(. ) d+#d+d(.* ( ,($( d$ 3o'3$ ,. .$+''( .# o,@((+79
CE"&SIAS E.4o. $'$,$4o. .$ $#$4( .o'd(do. ) #6+(do. $ '( @o.++7 d$' (',( d$ '( 3+"(9 E. d$+ $4$ '(. do. #$d(. ) .o d+.@#$.4(. d$ o,( ("#'( o $.@$4o ( '( #$d( +$+o d$ '( 3+"(* .$"J $' $.#$%o o,(' o o4(4$ #$ $.4(. @#$d( .o@o4(9 S# #+7 @++@(' $. (6.o6$ $' $.#$%o o4(4$ "$$(do d$6+do ( '( $+7 ) '(. ("(. (@'+(d(. .o6$ '( 3+"(9 E. @o $.4( (%7 #$ '( +'+(+7 d$ '(. $'o.!(. o $.@$4o ( '( #$d( +$+o d$@$d$ $'#.+3(,$4$ d$ +4$+o. d$ 4o'$(+(. $ $.+.4$+( $.4#4#('9 AL .$ $'$,$4o. #)( @++@(' #+7 $. (6.o6$ $.#$%o. o4(4$. .o ('4(,$4$ .#.$@4+6'$. (' @(d$o* ) $.4$ $7,$o $. d$ @++@(' +,@o4(+( $ '(. $'o.!(. d$6+do ( #$ (' "$$(.$ @(d$o $ ('"#( d$ $''(.* .$ 3#$'3$ # +$."o 4o4(' @(( '( +4$"+d(d ) $' #+o(,+$4o d$ '( $.4#4#( $ "$$('9 P(( .# (6+(+7 '(. $'o.!(. .$ @#$d$ #4+'+%(= o o o
V(+''(. o#"(d(. d$ ($o d$ $#$%o9 V(+''(. '+.(. d$ ($o $.4#4#('9 A"#'($. .o'd(do. $ (.o. #$ $' @$.o d$ '( $.4#4#( "$$(' o .$( #( 3(+(6'$ #$ ($4$9
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• • • •
*i%ura 3 Seccin de )i%a acomber3
C&NSIDERACI&NES DE E"EENT&S DE ACER& EN N&RAS #ARA "A *A'RICACI+N DE )IGAS D$ (#$do (' 4+@o d$ ($o #4+'+%(do $ 'o. $'$,$4o. d$ '( 3+"( .$ d$6$ 4o,( $ #$4( +$4o. +4$+o. o4$+do. $ '(. o,(.* (#! @$.$4(,o. ('"#o. d$ 'o. ,. $'$3(4$.=
nima resistencia a 1a tensin HA$o A22 .+,+'( (' A$o A/55 #.(do $ @$'$. '(,+(do.* o,o ($o. d$ ('4( $.+.4$+( ) 6(( ('$(+7 Cuadro 3
Nomenc1a tura ASTM
MP(
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S+ $,6("o $.4$ 4+@o d$ ($o d$ 6((. o#"(d(. o ( .+do $(do o $.4( ('+d(d* ) .# #4+'+%(+7 d$6$ $('+%(.$ @$$+6'$,$4$ #(do $' d+.$K(do $.4#4#(' #$4( o '( .#+$4$ $@$+$+( @(( (.$"#( .# ('+d(d )( #$ $.4(. 6((. d$6$ d$.$,@$K( '( (6.o+7 d$' $.#$%o o4(4$* ('4(,$4$ o+3o $ $.4#4#(. d$ .o.4B d$ 4$o o,o $.4(.9
Cuadro 23 Es5eci6caciones 5ara e1 acero de reuer8o
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Electrod o
Punto de Cedencia
Ruptura por Tensión
E60 E70
3150 kgf/cm2 3500 kgf/cm2
4220 kgf/cm2 4920 kgf/cm2
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ES#ECI*ICACI&NES T.CNICAS Cuadro 3 Es5eci6caciones tBcnicas de 1a tab1a roca
TABLAROCA REGULAR DE ½” (12.7mm) Densidad Resistencia Térmica Ce!ciente Térmic de E"#ansi$n
L6 4 095 9 F42 F;TU /90 10-? +H+ F
?/092 ", 090> 9 ,2 1?92 10-? ,,H,, C
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TA'"A /ES& C&N AIS"AIENT& ACSTIC&: E. # 4(6'$o d+.$K(do @(( $.o'3$ '(. $$.+d(d$. #$ @$.$4( 'o. +4$+o. $'(+o(do. o $' .o+do* $d#+$do '( 4(.,+.+7 d$ .o+do H,$d+d( $ D$+6$'$. - d; d$ # 'o(' ( o4o9 E4$ ,$o. .$( $' J,$o d$ d$+6$'$. 4(.,+4+do. (' 'o(' (d)($4$* ,()o .$ '( ('+d(d d$' ,#o o $4$@+.o9 E' .+.4$,( @(( $3('#( $.4( @o@+$d(d $ 'o. ,#o. d+3+.o+o. o @'(o$. $. ''(,(do STC HSo#d T(.,+..+o C'(..9E. +d$(' @(( o4$'$.* o+(.* o.@+4('$.* +$.* $4o. o,$+('$.* $49
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L+,@+o ) @$+.o 'o #$ d+.,+#)$ '( $$.+d(d d$ 4(6(( $6(6(. o +,@$$+o$. d$' o4$9 Co.4#+7 $ .$o= .$ $'+,+( $' $$.o d$ #,$d(d #$ .$ @$.$4( $ $' @o$.o o.4#4+3o* (' o $$.+4(.$ ("#( (d++o(' o @$@(( ,$%'(. $ $' .+4+o d$ .# +.4('(+79 1?
S$ (d(@4( ( #('#+$ @o)$4o= $' .+.4$,( (d,+4$ #('#+$ +.4('(+7 +d#'+(* .(+4(+( o $'B4+(* (.! o,o +.4('(+o$. $.@$+('$.9 A$@4( #('#+$ ((6(do ('= @+4#(* ,o'd#(. d$ ,(d$( o ,$4('* (%#'$o.* @(.4(.* $4$ o4o.9 Eo7,+o $.@$4o (' .+.4$,( 4(d++o(' L+"$o F+' ) @+d( +.4('(+79 R$.+.4$+( o4( $' #$"o Hd$6+do (' J'$o d$ )$.o* #$ $. # ,+$(' #$ o .$ #$,(9
DES)ENTA(AS
L( $$.+d(d d$ 4(.@o4$ d$ 'o. $'$,$4o. @#$d$ $($$ $' ,o4($9 A' .$'$+o( $' @o$.o o.4#4+3o .$ d$6$ $3('#( o$4(,$4$ $' 4+@o d$ 4(.@o4$ @(( $3+4( d(K( $'$,$4o. $ $' (,+o9 E "$$('* '( +3$.+7 +++(' $. ,()o @o '( d+.,+#+7 $ 'o. 4+$,@o. d$ o.4#+79 S$ $#+$$ 4(,6+B d$ # d+.$Ko $'(4+3(,$4$ $.@$+('+%(do d$ o$+o$.* #+o$. ) (@o)o.9 S$ d$6$ @'($( ) $$#4( #+d(do.(,$4$ $' @o$.o o.4#4+3o* .o6$ 4odo $ '(. $4(@(. d$ ,o4($9 F('4( d$ @$.o(' (@(+4(do @(( ,o4($.9 N$$.+d(d d$ A',($(,+$4o= L#"( $(do* $.o ) .$o9 D$6$ $3+4(.$ '( $@o.++7 ( 4$,@$(4#( +"#(' o ,()o ( 'o. 52C H1259? F9 E' ,(' (@o)o d$ 'o. 4(6'$o. @#$d$ o(.+o( #$ .$ (4#$ $' )$.o d$' J'$o* $.4o $@$.$4( # +$."o ( '( .$"#+d(d d$ '(. @$.o(. #$ 'o. ,(+@#'(9 Lo. 4(6'$o. d$ > d$ $.@$.o o d$6$ #.(.$ $ (@( .$+''(9 Lo. 4(6'$o. d$ )$.o o d$6$ $@o$.$ ( #,$d(d d+$4( (4$.* d#(4$ o d$.@#B. d$ .# +.4('(+79
Lo. F(6+(4$. o @o3$$do$. o .o'o "((4+%( 'o. 4(6'$o. d$ )$.o o4( d$$4o. d$ (6+(+7 @o 0 d!(. ( @(4+ d$ .# o,@(9
&NTA(E EN &'RA DE TA'"A R&CA
18
Co,o I"$+$o. C+3+'$. .#@$3+.o$. $ o6( .$ d$6$ oo$ $' @o$.o @(( #( o$4( +.4('(+7* $.4o. .$ #,$( ( o4+#(+79 1 2
T(%o ) (+7 d$ 'o. (('$. d$ (,($9 I.4('(+7 d$ @o.4$. ,$4'+o. ) 4#6$!(. o#'4(.9 Fo(do d$ 6(.4+do o @($' d$ )$.o TA;LAROCA9 T(4(,+$4o d$ #4(. ) (6$%(. d$ 4o+''o. o '(3o.9
Tra8o: Co '( ()#d( d$' $3$47 o d$ # +'o ) "+. o '@+%* 4($ .o6$ $' @+.o ) $' 4$o $' '#"( $ dod$ o'o( $' ,#o $.4$ 4(%o d$6$ ,(( $' (o d$ '(. (('$. $(do o @'o,o o +3$'9
*i%ura 3 Tra8o 5ara tab1a roca
*i@acin de Cana1es: So6$ $' 4(%o $o $ '(. (('$. d$ (,($ .#@$+o $ +$+o o ('(. (d$#(d(. H('(,67* 4o+''o.* o 4(#$4$. d$ 6( $.@(+(do. ( #( d+.4(+( ,+,( d$ ?0 ,.9 ( $4o.9
1>
*i%ura !3 Cana1
Co1ocacin de 1os 5ostes: I.$4$ d$4o d$ '(. (('$. 'o. @o.4$. ,$4'+o. YPSAZ* $+odo.$ d$ #$ $.4B @'o,$(do. o #( 'o"+4#d d$ # $4!,$4o ,$o ( '( ('4#( 4o4(' $4$ @+.o ) 4$o9 Co'o#$ # @o.4$ ( (d( ?190 ,9 o,o $.@(+(,+$4o ,+,o9
*i%ura 3 #ostes
*i%ura 73 #ostes
1/
Co1ocacin de insta1aciones: E $' (.o $ #$ $' ,#o ''$3$ +.4('(+o$.* o'7#$'(. #.(do '(. (6$4#(. d$ 'o. @o.4$. $ ( 'o. @o.4$. '(. .('+d(. ) ((. d$ +.4('(+o$. #$ .$ $#+$( @o ,$d+o d$ 4o+''o. o $,($.9
#re5aracin de1 5ane1 de 4eso: E. .#,(,$4$ +' o4( $' @($' d$ )$.o @(( (#.4( .#. ,$d+d(. ( '(. d$ '( o6( .$ $$.+4( J+(,$4$ o4( $' (4o+''o #$ #6$ $' J'$o d$ )$.o )* o #( '+"$( @$.+7* $' @($' .$ #+$6( .+"#+$do $' o4$9 To,$ '(. ,$d+d(. .o6$ '( (( ,(+'( d$' @($' ) o4$ $' (4o+''o o #( (3(( ,#'4+#.o. #.(do #( "#!( $4(9 D$.@#B. d$ #$6( $' @($'* o4$ $' (4o+''o d$ '( (( @o.4$+o9
*i%ura F3 #ane1
E. o3$+$4$ '+( 'o. $4$,o. d$' @($' $ dod$ $' J'$o d$ )$.o #$d7 $@#$.4o* ( ,($( d$ o64$$ #( .#@$+$ '+.( ) $4( $ 4odo. 'o. 6od$. d$' @($'9 A.$"J$.$ d$ o4( $' @($' # ,9 ,. o4o #$ '( ('4#( @+.o ( 4$o d$' ,#o9 S+ $' @($' .$ 3( ( +.4('( .o6$ # 6(.4+do #$ 4$"( +.4('(+o$. $'B4+(.* $. $$.(+o o4( 'o. ("#$o. @(( '(. ((. $'B4+(. (4$. d$ ( $' @($'9
20
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*i%ura 3 A%u@eros en tab1a roca
Co1ocacin de1 5ane1 de 4eso Tab1aroca: P#$d$ o'o(.$ o+%o4(' o 3$4+(',$4$* d$@$d+$do d$ '(. d+,$.+o$. d$' ,#o* 6#.(do '( o,( #$ 4$"( ,$o J,$o d$ #4(. d$ $4$,o. H'(do. o4o. d$' @($'9 E (,6o. (.o. .$ d$6$ ('4$( 4od(. '(. #4(. $ (,6o. '(do. d$' 6(.4+do* d$ 4(' ,($( #$ +"J @o.4$ $+6( #4(. @o (,6o. '(do.9 F+$ $' @($' o 4o+''o. (#4oo.(4$. YPSA ( (d( 0 ,9 ( 'o '("o d$ 'o. @o.4$.9 N#( $ $' @($' (@o)do'o $ $' @+.o9 E' @($' d$6$ #$d( o #( o'"#( d$ 1 ,9 (+6( d$' @+.o .o@o4(do J+(,$4$ @o 'o. 4o+''o. #$ 'o (9 L(. #4(. d$ 6od$. ) $4$,o. $4$ @'((. d$6$ #$d( @$$4(,$4$ ( #$.o* .+ .$@((+7 ('"#(9
21
*i%ura 03 Co1ocacin de1 5ane1 de 4eso
Co1ocacin de es
Tratamiento de @untas: U( (@'+(+7 d$ 4$. (@(. d$ o,@#$.4o d$ @(.4( $. $o,$d(6'$* #.(do +4( d$ $#$%o @(( .$''( '(. #4(. $ .# @+,$( (@'+(+7 ) do. (@(. d$ ((6(do $+,( d$ '( +4( d$ @(@$'9 C(d( (@( d$6$ .$( 4o4(',$4$ (4$. d$ (@'+( '( .+"#+$4$9 E' 4(6(o .$ 4$,+( '+(do '( .#@$+$ d$' o,@#$.4o @(( #4(.9
22
Insta1acin de #1aones: P(( '( (@'+(+7 d$ @($' d$ )$.o $ ('.o. @'(o$.* $. $o,$d(6'$ #$ $' 4(6(o .$( $('+%(do @o do. @$.o(.9 L( +.4('(+7 d$' @($' .$ ($ .o6$ # 6(.4+do ,$4'+o #$ o.+.4$ $ (('$. '+.47 o'o(do. ( (d( ?1 ,9 ,+,o #$ .$ (,(( o ('(,6$ "('3(+%(do J,9 1? ( (('$4(. d$ ("( (d( 1920, o,o ,+,o* #$ .$ #$'"( d$ '( $.4#4#( d$' 4$o @o ,$d+o d$ ('(,6$. "('3(+%(do. J,9 12* 'o('+%(do. 4(,6+B ( (d( 1920 ,9 T(,6+B .$ @#$d$ $('+%( .# +.4('(+7 .o6$ 6(.4+do d$ ,(d$(* o '("#$o. 'o('+%(do. ( (d( ?1 ,9
*i%ura 23 Insta1acin
2
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ENSA/&S DE "A'&RAT&RI& #ARA TA'"A R&CA AST C 9 H Es5eci6cacin 5ara 5ane1 de 4eso3 E.4( $.@$+(+7 #6$ 'o. @($'$. d$ )$.o #$ +'#)$ 'o .+"#+$4$= @($'$. d$ )$.o @(( .# #.o $ @($d$.* 4$o. o 4(6+#$. ) #$ @o@o+o( #( .#@$+$ (d$#(d( @(( $+6+ '( d$o(+7* @'(( d$ )$.o $.@('do* ,((do* ) @($' d$ $3$.4+,+$4o @(( .# #.o o,o #( 6(.$ $ .+.4$,(. o J'$o d$ '(. @(4++o$. d$ @'((. d$ )$.o .7'+d(. o .$,+.7'+d(.* o $ $.(,6'$. d$ ,#o. d$ $$* @'(( d$ $.@('do d$ )$.o $.+.4$4$ (' ("#( @(( .$ #4+'+%(do o,o #( 6(.$ @(( '( (@'+(+7 d$ 6('do.(. d$ $,+( o d$ @'.4+o $ @($d$. o 4$o.* 4(6'$o @'(7 d$ )$.o $4$+o @(( @'(o$. $4$+o$. ) 4$o. o$( #$ $.4 o,@'$4(,$4$ @o4$"+do. d$' o4(4o o ("#( '!#+d(* @'(( )$.o d$ $3$.4+,+$4o @(( .# #.o o,o $3$.4+,+$4o d$ 'o. $d++o.* 6(.$ d$ )$.o @(( $#6+,+$4o $,@(.4(do* ) @'(( d$ 4$o d$ )$.o @(( 4$o. ) @($d$. +4$+o$.9 E' @($' d$ )$.o .$ o,@od d$ # J'$o +o,6#.4+6'$* $.$+(',$4$ d$ )$.o* o $#6+,+$4o d$ @(@$' #+do (' J'$o9 L(. ,#$.4(. d$6$ #,@'+ o '(. .+"#+$4$. @o@+$d(d$. !.+(. $#$+d(.= $4('* $4$,o* ) '( d#$%( d$ 6od$* $4+4#d d$ 'o. 6od$. ) $4$,o.* 'o"+4#d* @o#d+d(d d$ 6od$ 7+o* $.+.4$+( ( '( $+7* d$$+7 #,+d+(d(* @$,$(6+'+d(d* $.+.4$+( (' ("#(* ) '( (6.o+7 d$ ("#( d$ '( .#@$+$9
AST C 79H07 H Btodo de ensa4o 5ara #ruebas *sicas de #roductos de 4eso #ane13 Po@+$d(d$. d$ $+7 d$ 'o. @od#4o. d$ @($'$. d$ )$.o .o $3('#(do. ,$d+(4$ $' (@o)o ( '( ,#$.4( $( d$ 'o. $4$,o. ) '( (@'+(+7 d$ #( ("( 4(.3$.(' ( ,+4(d d$ (,+o $4$ 'o. .o@o4$.9 E' J'$o* $4$,o* ) '( d#$%( d$ 6od$ d$ 'o. @od#4o. d$ @($'$. d$ )$.o .$ $3('J( ,$d+(4$ '( d$4$,+(+7 d$ '( #$%( 2
$#$+d( @(( $,@#( # @#%7 d$ ($o $ $' $( d$ @#$6(9 L( d$$+7 #,+d+(d( d$ @od#4o. d$ @($'$. d$ )$.o .$ $3('J( ,$d+(4$ $' (@o)o ( # $.@B+,$ #$ ( .+do o4(do o '( d+,$.+7 '("( @$@$d+#'( ( '( d$4$+7 d$ '( ,#+(* (@o)(do o+%o4(',$4$* ) .$ .o,$4$ ( ('4( #,$d(d9
AST C F0 H Es5eci6cacin Est$ndar 5ara insta1acin 4 acabado de 51acas de 4eso3 E.4( $.@$+(+7 #6$ 'o. $#+.+4o. @(( 'o. ,B4odo. d$ (@'+(+7 ) ((6(do d$ @($'$. d$ )$.o9 D$4(''$. o.4#4+3o. @(( # $.(,6'$ $.@$!o* @(( 'o"( '( $.+.4$+( (' #$"o $#$+d( .$ o64$d d$ 'o. +o,$. d$ '(. @#$6(. d$ $.+.4$+( (' #$"o* $3('#(+o$. d$ +"$+$!(* o '+.4(do. d$ 'o. '(6o(4o+o. d$ $.()o $oo+do.9
AST C H0F H #r$ctica est$ndar 5ara e1 uso de se11adores en A51icaciones Acsticas E.4( @4+( @o@o+o( +o,(+7 @(( $' #.o d$ .$''(do$. @(( $d#+ '(. ((4$!.4+(. d$ 4(.,+.+7 d$ .o+do d$ '(. @($d$. +4$+o$.* 4$o. ) @+.o. @o '( o$4( (@'+(+7 d$ 'o. .$''(do$. ( '(. #4(.* #$o.* ) @$$4(+o$. #$ o,(',$4$ .$ $#$4( $ '( o.4#+7 d$ $d++o.* #$ .$ oo$ o,J,$4$ o,o (,+o. #$ (#$(9
AST C 002 H Es5eci6cacin Est$ndar 5ara Acero de autoH 5eroracin de rosca, torni11os 5ara 1a a51icacin de 5roductos de 4eso #ane1 o de meta1 4 4eso 'ases de vi%as de madera o de acero C1avos3 E.4( $.@$+(+7 #6$ (' ($o (#4o-@$o(+7 d$ 4o+''o. d$ o.( @(( .# #.o $ '( (+7 d$ 'o. @od#4o. d$ @($'$. d$ )$.o ) 6(.$. d$ ,$4(' ) )$.o ( 'o. @o.4$. d$ ($o oo,(do. $ !o ) 'o. ,+$,6o. d$ '( ,(d$( ) @(( '( (+7 d$ 'o. @od#4o. d$ @($'$. d$ )$.o $ 6od$.9 Lo. 4o+''o. d$ ($o #6+$4o. @o $.4( $.@$+(+7 .o d$ #(4o 4+@o. d$ o"#(+o$. d$ o.(9
AST C 2F0 H Es5eci6cacin Est$ndar 5ara A51icacin de Revestimiento de /eso3 E.4( $.@$+(+7 #6$ 'o. $#+.+4o. ,!+,o. @(( 'o. ,B4odo. d$ (@'+(+7 d$ $3$.4+,+$4o d$ )$.o @(( .# #.o o,o .#.4(4o @(( $' $3$.4+,+$4o d$ @($d$. $4$+o$.9 L( @'(( d$ $3$.4+,+$4o d$ )$.o 25
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AST E 72 H Btodos de 5rueba est$ndar de rea1i8acin de 5ruebas de resistencia de 1os 5ane1es 5ara 1a construccin3 E. #( @#$6( @(( d$4$,+( $' o,@o4(,+$4o $4$ (' #$"o d$ @($'$. @(( '( o.4#+7* o,o T(6'(o(9 E' @o@7.+4o d$ $.4$ ,B4odo d$ $.()o $. d$4$,+( $' o,@o4(,+$4o $4$ (' #$"o $'(4+3( d$' ,(4$+(' ,$d+(4$ '( o6.$3(+7 d$ '( ''(,( $@(d+.$ ( 'o '("o d$ '( ,#$.4(9 S$ $@o4( @o@("(+7 d$ '( ''(,( ) $' !d+$ d$ #,o d$.(o''(do9 S+ $,6("o* o () $$.(+(,$4$ #( $'(+7 $4$ $.4(. do. ,$d++o$.9
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