Latin Grammar Abstract — Verbs VOICE MOOD
PASSIVE VOICE (Subject is the receiver of the action)
INDICATIVE MOOD (Statements of Fact)
CONJUGATION TENSE:
PRESENT
Present Stem (minus vowel)
am/are (being) verbed
Primary
PL:
IMPERFECT
was/were (being) verbed
Secondary
PL:
FUTURE
shall/will be verbed
Primary
PL:
PERFECT Secondary
has/have has/have been verbed
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (Wishes, Exhortations, Purpose Clauses, cum in Secondary Seq.)
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
laud-
mon-
mitt-
aud-
-eor -eris -etur -emur -emini -entur
-or -eris -itur -imur -imini -untur
-ior -iris -itur -imur -imini -iuntur
(that) SN may be verbed
-abar -ebar -abaris -ebaris -abatur -ebatur -abamur -ebamur -abamini -ebamini -abantur -ebantur
-ebar -ebaris -ebatur -ebamur -ebamini -ebantur
-iebar -iebaris -iebatur -iebamur -iebamini -iebantur
INFINITIVE + ending
-abor -ebor -aberis -eberis -abitur -ebitur -abimur -ebimur -abimini -ebimini -abuntur -ebuntur
-ar -eris -etur -emur -emini -entur
-iar -ieris -ietur -iemur -iemini -ientur
-or -aris -atur -amur -amini -antur
Perfect Passive Participle (4 th Princ. Part)
(was/were verbed )
+ sum, es, est; sumus, estis, sunt
Present Stem (minus vowel)
PL:
had been verbed
Perfect Passive Participle
+
Secondary
eram, eras, erat; eramus, eratis, erant (Imperfect of sum)
FUTURE PERFECT Primary
shall/will have been verbed
Perfect Passive Participle
+ ero, eris, erit; erimus, eritis, erunt (Future of sum)
2nd mon-
shE
rEAds
-er -eris -etur -emur -emini -entur
3rd
-ear -earis -eatur -eamur -eamini -eantur
4th
mitt-
aud-
A
dIAry
-ar -aris -atur -amur -amini -antur
-iar -iaris -iatur -iamur -iamini -iantur
laudare+ monére+ mittere+ -r -r -r (that) SN might be verbed -ris -ris -ris -tur -tur -tur PL: -mur -mur -mur -mini -mini -mini -ntur -ntur -ntur Nb: the Imperative (Command) (Command) form of the verb is formed this way: singular: (addressing 1 person)
plural:
lauda Praise! laudate
audire+ -r -ris -tur -mur -mini -ntur
moné
mitte
Warn!
Send!
audí Hear/Listen!
monéte
mittite
audite
(addressing 2+)
laudari monéri mitti audiri Passive Infinitives: (to be verbed ) (In 3 rd conj., drop the vowel from present stem and add an –i )
(whether) was/were verbed
Perfect Passive Participle (4 th Principal Part)
+ sim, sis, sit; simus, sitis, sint
(Present of sum)
PLUPERFECT
1st laud-
(Present Subjunctive Subjunctive of sum) (whether)
had been verbed
Perfect Passive Participle
+ essem, esses, esset; essemus, essetis, essent (Imperfect Subjunctive of sum)
né); qui, quae, quod ; Nb: Purpose Clauses are introduced by: ut (negative: né); quó (negative: né) né) before a comparative. comparative. Mood: subjunctive . Tense: after a primary tense, use the present subjunctive; after a secondary tense, use the imperfect subjunctive. -io verbs of the 3 rd conj. have the endings of the 4 th conj. in those forms where the endings of the 4 th begin w/2 vowels; otherwise, they have the endings of the 3 rd.
