South - Literature Notes Please note that the information given on this poem is not meant to replace any material given in the classroom setting. It is a very BASIC giude to enable a literal understanding of the poem. Metaphorical interpretations should be sought in the classroom.
The physical structure of this poem has been altered from the original layout in the text.
This is the OPINION of one individual, which might not coincide with the views of others.
1.But today I 4.recapture the islands bright beaches: blue mist from the ocean rolling into the fishermen's houses. 1.By these shores I was born: sound of the sea came in at my window,2. life heaved and breathed in methen with the strength of that turbulent soil.
LITERAL MEANING The persona speaks about the fact that today he is recapturing the beauty of the island of his birth. He reflects on the fact that he has travelled to the lands of the north, which appeared to be the very opposite of his island. The persona appeared, at that point, to be homesick for his island and resented the ease and comfort that the Northerners' felt towards their land. He then shifts back to the present where he appreciates certain features of the island, particularly those that remind him of his past on the island.
5.Since then I have travelled: moved far from the beaches: 6.sojourned in stoniest cities, walking the lands of the north 1.In sharp, slanting sleet and the hail, crossed countless saltless savannas and come to this house in the forest 2.where the shadows oppress me and the only water is rain and the tepid taste of the river. 7.We who are born of the ocean can never seek solace in rivers: 3.their flowing runs on like our longing, 8.reproves us our lack of endeavour and purpose, 9.proves that our striving will founder on that. We resent them this wisdom, this freedom: passing us toiling, waiting and watching their cunning declensions down to the sea. Bright waves splash up from the rocks to
LITERARY DEVICES 1. ALLITERATION
Stanza 1, lines 1-2: The sound that the alliteration illicits, when spoken, is a positive one. This is the case because the alliteration forces the reader to sound cheerful, thereby facilitating the interpretation that the persona is happy to be home. Stanza 1, lines 4-5: This alliteration,
refresh us, 1.blue sea-shells shift in their wake and 10.there is the thatch of the fishermen's houses, the path made of pebbles, 11.and look! Small urchins combing the beaches look up from their traps to salute us: they remember us just as we left them. The fisherman, hawking the surf on this side of the reef, stands up in his boat and halloos us: a starfish lies in its pool. 1.And gulls, white sails slanted seaward, fly into limitless morning before us.
again, draws the reader through the sound that it illicits. One can almost hear the sound that the sea makes through the repetition of the 's' sound. It emphasizes the joy that the persona feels to be home. Stanza 2, lines 13-14: This alliteration, when spoken, is staccato. It literally emphasizes the persona's discomfort, and dislike, of the new context that he is faced with. It is alien to him, as seen when contrasted with the scene that he describes in the first stanza.
Brathwaite, K. 'South' in A World of Prose. Edited by Mark McWatt and Hazel Simmonds McDonald. Pearson Education Ltd, 2005.
Stanza 4, line 33: This device gives the reader a visual image of the scene. It is simple image that highlights the persona's excitement at being home and seeing scenes, even seemingly inconsequential ones, that he knows and loves. Stanza 5, line 43: This alliteration gives the reader a visual of what the persona sees as pleasant and calming, as opposed to the alliteration in stanza 2. The sound that the alliteration illicits is a calm one, implying that the persona is at peace.
2.PERSONIFICATION
Stanza 1, lines 6-7: This device gives a beautiful impression of the effect that the island had on the persona. He felt whole when he was there, at peace. Stanza 2, lines 16-17: The shadows, in this context, represents his past life and experiences on the island. The memories of his island illicits feelings of sadness, even homesickness. These memories cast an oppressive shadow over his life in the north.
3.SIMILE The persona compares the flowing of the rivers, which represents the north, to his longing for his island home. This comparison indicates that his longing is an intense one, he is homesick. IMPORTANT WORDS/ PHRASES 4.'recapture' The word capture means to take possession of something or someone. Therefore, when the persona says that he is recapturing his island, it implies that he is taking back possession of what he once owned. 5.'Since then I have travelled' This line indicates that the persona did not remain on the island of his birth. 6.'sojourned in stoniest cities' This highlights a contrast between the persona's island and the cities that he visited. His island has beaches and oceans, while the cities that he visited were concrete jungles made of stone. 7.'We who are born of the ocean can never seek solace in rivers' The persona refers to the north, and its populace, as rivers, while the south, and his island, is the ocean. This line highlights the persona's discontent in the north. 8.'reproves us our lack of endeavour and purpose' Reprove is to reprimand. Therefore, the line is saying that the flowing river, the north, reprimands the ocean, the south, for its lack of effort and resolve. This implies that the persona might be homesick and, therefore, not functioning at full capacity in the new northern environment. 9.'proves that our striving will founder on that.' The term founder literally means the owner or operator of a foundry. This has little to do with the context of the poem, therefore, it can be
assumed that poetic license was utilized at this point. Contextually, the line can be interpreted as meaning that the persona's subsequent striving, or efforts, will be founded on the reprimand made by the river, or the north. 10.'there' The emphasis placed on this word, through the use of italics, highlights the fact that the persona is both happy and excited to be home. 11.'and look!' The exclamation mark emphasizes the persona's enthusiasm, and excitement, when he identifies a scene that is reminiscent of his past. MOOD/ ATMOSPHERE The mood of the poem is reflective. The persona is thinking about his island home, as well as places that he has visited in the north. TONE The tone of the poem goes from being reflective, to being elated. THEMATIC CATEGORIZATION Patriotism, places, desires and dreams
