Some noteworthy Greek accessions / Margaret Thompson

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AMERICAN

NUMISMATIC

MUSEUM

SOCIETY

NOTES XII

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AMERICAN

NUMISMATIC

SOCIETY

NEW YORK 1966

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CONTENTS ANCIENT i

Margaret Thompson. Some NoteworthyGreek Accessions Dorothy H. Cox. Gordion Hoards III, IV, V and VII

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Margaret Thompson. A Hoard fromNorthernGreece

57

J. Peter Stein. Trinummus

65

Mando Caramessini-Oeconomides. On a Hoard of Plated Roman Coins 71 Mando Caramessini-Oeconomides. An Unpublished Consular Solidus of Justinian I 75 Joan M. Fagerlie. 'Roma Invicta' A New Follis of Justinian 79 Alfred R. Bellinger.

Byzantine Notes

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MEDIAEVALAND MODERN Margaret Thompson. The Monogram of Charlemagnein Greek 125 George C. Miles. The Ferreira Collection of Visigothic Coins 129 Paul Bedoukian. Coins of the Baronial Period of Cilician Armenia (1080-1198) 139 Henry Grunthal. Selected Items fromthe Donald J. Rogasner Collection of Early Dated European Coins 147 ORIENTAL Raymond J. Hebert. Khurāsān

Notes on an Umayyad Hoard from

157 George C. Miles. A Hoard of Kakwayhid Dirhems 165 Harry W. Hazard. Late Medieval North Africa: Additions and SupplementaryNotes 195 David M. Lang. Coins of Georgia in Transcaucasia (Acquired by the American Numismatic Society : 1953-1965) 223 iii


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Margaret Thompson (Plates I- II) Over the past few years the American Numismatic Society has been fortunatein acquiring a number of unique coins. Some presented problems of attribution and interpretation,and these were put aside in the belief that time and furtherresearch would furnish the answers. This, alas, has not happened in all cases. Many of the enigmas are still enigmatic and likely to remain so unless illumination comes from outside. In the hope that others will be able to provide solutions, the unpublished pieces are now placed on record, in company with some additional accessions of recent date which are remarkable forrarityor artistic merit. Lydia Late 7th Centuryb.c. i. Obv.: ]1A>I[ between the heads of two lions facingeach other. Rev. : Two rough incuse squares of differentsizes, side by side. EL Hecte. 2.35 gm. This early electrum coin, found on the site of ancient Colophon, is a document of unusual numismatic and historical importance. In general appearance it closely resembles the trites and hectes of the well-knownAlyattes series, which have the same obverse type of confrontedlions' heads to left and right of an inscriptionand the same reversepatternproduced by two punches of unequal size. There are, however, significantdifferencesbetween the two issues. On the new coin, as compared with a hecte of Alyattes (Plate I, A),1 the lion's head is considerablylarger in scale, the jaws are furtherapart and the teeth more prominent, the sharply-outlinedeye is more elongate, and the cheek is marked with a big globular pellet. This is a fiercerand cruder beast than the lion of Alyattes. Both inscriptionsare retrogradebut on the ANS coin the reading is frombottom to top in relation to the head at the left while on all 1 BMCLydia,p. 3, 16. I


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A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES

known specimens of Alyattes the reading is fromtop to bottom in relation to the head at the right. Most importantof all, the inscriptions themselves are different.Instead of the six letters which are generally taken to be the name of Alyattes- ISIIAI - the ANS hecte has 1A>Ibetween two doubtfulletters,the firstconsistingof a vertical stroke and perhaps a diagonal to the right (Y) and the last of a vertical stroke and perhaps a diagonal to the left (si). The uncertaintyabout the beginningand ending of the word is unfortunate, but the remainingletters are sufficientevidence that the new coin is inscribedwith a new legend.2 From the obverses alone it would be difficultto determinewhether or not the two issues come fromthe same mint. The differencesin style and inscriptionmightplausibly be explained in termsof different provenances, the one series copied from the other. Since the digamma and the peculiar lambda at the end of the Alyattes legend are found in the Lydian alphabet but not in the Ionic, there can be no question about the originof the valvelissues, but the threecertain lettersof the new inscriptionare common to both dialects and point no more conclusivelyto one region than to the other. It has, in fact, been suggested that the new piece was struck at Ephesus or some other coastal city by a local dynast related to the royal Lydian house and thus entitled to use its types. The reverses of the two series provide proofthat this was not so. In the case of the ANS and British Museum hectes (Plate I, i and A), the smaller of the two reverse impressionswas made by the same punch, which was beginning to break down by the time it was applied to the Alyattes coin. Our new hecte is Lydian and it pre-dates the hecte of Alyattes. Beyond this point one passes fromthe realm of fact into that of speculation. The confused pages of Lydian historyreveal no king or potentate whose name can readily be identifiedwith our inscription.3 2In theattempttointerpret thelegend,I haveconsultedG. L. Huxley,Roberto and MaryWhite.Althoughno one ofthemhas been Gusmani,Lilian Jeffery forthetimeand thoughtthey able to solvetheproblem,I am mostgrateful gave it. 3Anyoneconcerned oftheroyalLydianhouseshouldconsult withthegenealogy L. Alexander, "The KingsofLydia" (DoctoralDissertation, Princeton, 1913) recorded and analyzed.Alexander's wherethesourcesarecarefully interpretationsandidentifications providethebasisforthepresentdiscussion.


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At firstglance Askalos is perhaps the most promising but there is some doubt as to whetherthe name is anythingmore than a corruption of Daskylos and in any event the person in question was presumably the grandfatherof Gyges, which is an impossible connection fromthe chronologicalpoint of view. The fatherof Alyattes is called Sadyattes by Herodotus (1. 16) , but this name in some form Sadyattes or Adyattes or Alyattes appears over and over again in the Herakleid and Mermnaddynasties and is probably to be regarded as a title or a dynastic name borne by all Lydian rulers.4The personal name of the third Mermnad king may have been Kamblitas (Nicolaus of Damascus, FGH IIA, 342, fr.22) or Kambles (Xanthus, FHG I, 38, fr. 12) or Kambes (Aelian, Varia Hist. I. 27). From the contexts in the various sources it is clear that the threenames pertain to the same individual; it is possible that all are erroneous formsand that the correctLydian versionof the name is preservedon our coin.5 It is also possible that the inscriptionson the early Lydian electrum refer not to kings but to commoners. Lydian experts have seriously questioned the equation of the valvellegend with Alyattes on linguisticgrounds,6and there are other difficultiesas well, which are increased by the discovery of the new coin. Assuming that the name on the later coinage is Alyattes and that this is a dynastic name like Ptolemy, it is hard to see why the firstelectrum issue was inscribed with a personal name and the next with a dynastic one. Nor, if the names are those of Lydian kings,is it easy to understand why the practice of identifyingthe coinage in this way was such a shortlived phenomenon.Later issues of the time of Alyattes and all Croesus' strikingsare uninscribed. Some of these anomalies might be explained on the theory that the early Lydian electrum was a royal coinage in the sense that it

4Thename,however, to kings.In Suidas(s.v.Kpoïcroç) there was notrestricted namedAlyatteswhorefusedto lend is thestoryofa wealthyLydianmerchant Croesus.In Nicolaus (fr.65) the merchantis called moneyto the youthful Sadyattes. 5It is notlikelythattheANS hectegivesthepersonalnameofAlyatteshimself. ofAlyatteswithAdramytes Alexander (op.cit.,42i.) arguesforan identification (orAdramys)knownby the Greeksas Hermon. 6W. H. Buckler(JHS 1926,360.) and R. Gusmaniin a recentletterwithreferenceto thediscussionofAlyattesin his LydischenWörterbuch (Heidelberg, 1964),a volumewhichI have beenunableto consult.


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was guaranteed by the badge of the reigninghouse and hence by the ultimate authorityof the king but that in the beginningthe actual production of the money was entrusted to private citizens who had the facilities to do the work and that these men were required to place their names or other distinguishingmarks on the coins as a check on their output. Once this makeshiftarrangementhad been abandoned in favor of a royal mint under the direct supervision of royal officials,individual guarantees were no longer necessary. Admittedlyall of this is highlyhypothetical.In many respects the new hecte remains a problem,but this cannot obscure its significance as our firstrecord of what may well be the firstinscribed Lydian coinage. Uncertain Asia Minor 6th Centuryb.c. 2. Obv.: Forepart of hare to 1. Rev. : Incuse of mill-sail type. EL Twenty-fourth(Phocaic). 0.65 gm.

3. Obv.: Four pellets and linear design. Rev.: Incuse with lines and pellets. EL Twenty-fourth(Milesian). 0.60 gm. 4. Obv.: Head of boar with long tusks to r. Rev.: Deep quadripartite incuse. Al Hemidrachm. 2.91 gm. 5. Obv.: Head of lion facing,wearing prominentradiate crown. Rev.: Incuse. Al Tetrobol( ?). 2.74 gm. 6. Obv.: Forepart of winged goat to r. Rev.: Shallow quadripartite incuse. Al Tetrobol( ? ) 2.57 gm. With the exception of No. 4, these electrum and silver issues are apparently unpublished. All belong to the sixth centuryand probably come from mints in Asia Minor although a Macedonian provenance forNo. 6 is possible. The littlehare withclearly-definedwhiskersis a charmingaddition to the Ionian electrum series. In style it may be compared to the


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in the Burton Y. Berry Collection (SNG 1023) Phocaic twenty-fourth which has the forepartof an ibex on the obverse. Althoughthe hare appears as a coin type or symbol in South Italy and Sicily, it is unknown in Asia Minor.The connectionin the West is with the worship of Pan (HN , 153) ; in the East at this early period the association is more likely with Artemisor Apollo.7 An Ionian originis possible but by no means certain forNo. 3. The unusual obverse has no parallel in the electrum coinage but the arrangement of pellets and lines bears some resemblance to the reverse type of a silver fractionof Cyme (Babelon, Traité, pl. XIII, 20). Incuses similar to that of our coin are found on fractionalelectrum of Milesian weight which Babelon assigns to South Ionia and Chios (pls. Ill, 13 and VIII, 7). Anotherexample of the boar's head issue (No. 4) was published by G. F. Hill in an article on the coinage of Lycia.8 Hill, however, expresses grave doubts of its Lycian originand Babelon,9 in commenting on the London coin, emphasizes its non-Lycian style and incuse type. Actually the deep quadripartite impressionof the reverse,resemblingthat of early Chiote silver,suggests an Ionian mint and the boar's head would be appropriate forClazomenae.10 The radiate lion of No. 5 and the winged goat of No. 6 are strange renderingswith no obvious relationshipto any of the numerousearly coinages which employed the lion or the goat as a type. Macedonia TRIBALISSUES Before 480 b.c. 7. Obv.: Boar to r. ; above, flower. Rev.: Rough incuse. At Stater. 7.55 gm. 7Notethededicationof a bronzehareto ApolloPrie(n)eusca. 500 b.c. ( ?), as TheLocal ScriptsofArchaicGreece citedby L. H. Jeffery, , 342,15. 8 NC 1895,p. 44,2. 9 TraitéII. i, no.985. Babelondescribesthecoinas foundat Myrabutit is the preceding entryin Hill's articlethathas theLycianprovenance. 10Anelectrum fraction witha boar'sheadontheobverseis tentatively assigned to Clazomenaein theBMCIonia,pl. Ill, 17.


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8. Obv.: Naked horseman to 1., holding two spears; behind back, shield (?). Rev.: Rough incuse. At Tetrobol. 2.66 gm. Accordingto Svoronos,11the boar stater was struckby the Pierians of Mt. Pangaeus and the horseman type by the Bisaltae. Babelon12 attributes both to the Thraco-Macedonian region but makes no specificidentificationof the tribes responsible for the coinage. The light weight of No. 7 is apparently due to corrosion; the coin shows no sign of plating. No. 8 is unusual in that the horseman moves left instead of rightas on other published specimens. CAPSA ca. 480 b.c. 9. Obv.: Ass to r., above, kylix. Rev.: Incuse of mill-sail pattern; in two triangles,K A. At Tetrobol. 2.93 gm. From the Bourgey Sale of June 17, 1959, no. 236. Agrigentum 5th CenturyB.c. 10. Obv.: AKRACto r. of eagle standing to 1. Rev.: EXAKEZIOZ around crab. At Didrachm. 8.99 gm.' didrachms of Agrigentumthere are letters On a few fifth-century below the crab: A, E V, and EX A. The last can now, on the evidence of the ANS coin, be tentativelyexpanded as Exakesios. At this early period it is surprisingto finda complete name in such a prominentposition, especially on an issue which is in no way remarkable. It is true that ZIAANOZ appears in large letters on the gold of Agrigentumand ZIAANOZ or ZTPATßN on the decadrachms but these are spectacular coinages and their identificationwith in11L'Hellénisme dela Macédonie, p. 131,1-2 andp. 109,21-22. primitif 12TraitéII.i, nos. 1838-9and 1487.


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dividual diecutters or magistrates is understandable. The didrachm issues with lettersor a name in fullare part of a long series in which the unmarked dies far outnumber the inscribed ones and are often superiorin artistic quality. Was Exakesios a magistrate or an engraver? The question has been raised before in regard to other Sicilian or Italian issues on which a name is given unusual prominence,and expert opinion more often than not has been sharply divided.13On the whole the argument for the artist seems stronger than that for the official.The traditionof recordingmagistrates' names on the coinage was a comparativelylate developmentin most sections of the Greek world and, once established, the practice tended to be consistentand not sporadic. There would be no sense in indicating the officialsresponsible for certain issues and omittingthe names of the men in charge of other issues withinthe same series. The employmentof diecutterswas another matter. Every mint must have made use of engravers who differedgreatly in skill and reputation. Presumably it was only the famous artist who signed his dies and this indeed may have been a stipulationin his "contract." If his work was not always outstanding and if on occasion he exceeded the bounds of proprietyin inscribing his name, it is unlikelythat the mintingofficialswere unduly disturbed. Having a celebrated artist on the payroll, however brief his tenure,must have been a status symbolin ancient as well as mediaeval times- only a wealthy state could affordsuch a luxury. Side 5th Century b.c. ii. Obv.: Pomegranate encircled by olive-wreath. Rev. : Dolphin to 1.; below, human eye ; all in linear square within incuse square. Al Stater. 10.83 gm-' Anotherexample of a rare early issue fromthis Pamphylian mint. 13Particularinstancesare citedby Paola ZancaniMontuoro in a recentstudy "Dossennoa Poseidonia,"Attie MemoriedellaSocietàMagna Grecia(1958), to KyleM. Phillips,Jr. 7gff.I owethisreference


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A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES Uncertain Caria

ca. 440 b.c. 12. Obv.: Forepart of lion, jaws open, to r. Rev. : OTM'IMT (upward) in frontof wreathed male head toi.; behind neck, ¥ ; all in incuse square. At Stater. 11.18 gm./ This superb stater and an equally finehemidrachmin the Berlin Cabinet (Plate I, B) are our only record of an issue produced by an unidentifiedCarian mint in the mid-fifthcentury. The fraction, is discussed at some length originallypublished by Prokesch-Osten,14 hoard found on the Caroa with by E. S. G. Robinson in connection Lycian border in the early 1930's.16 The deposit contained at least 37 staters with a winged male figurein kneeling-runningposition on the obverse and a standing lion on the reverse. Both obverses and reverses are marked with the monogram y and the reverses are inscribed with four letters which Robinson interpretsas the Carian equivalent of Lesbi, the name of a local dynast. As a supplement to the hoard record, examples of two later issues from the same mint are cited: a stater in the British Museum with the types of the hoard coins but with a differentinscriptionand the hemidrachmin Berlin with the same inscriptionas the London piece but with differenttypes. Our new stater, identical in types and legend with the hemidrachm,can now be added to the impressiveseries of coins struck by this unknown mint.16 If the inscriptionon the hoard staters is the name of a Carian dynast, and Robinson's arguments for this are entirelyconvincing, the second inscriptionshould be another name.17Assuming that the 11NZ 1870,264f. I amindebtedto Hans-Dietrich Schultzfora castofthiscoin (2.99gm.-►). _ ..... 16NC 1936,265ff.See also a laterarticlebythesameauthor, Lorn-Legends in to WilliamHepburnBuckler), CarianScript,"in AnatolianStudies(presented 2696. 16Thereare also fractions of the kneelingfigure-lion type: Babelon,1 ratte, von Aulock(Karien) SNG NC and XIV, 17-18; XXIV, 1936, pl. 17; 14 pl. but no inscription. Theyprobablybelong 2352-3.Thesehave themonogram withthesecondgroupofstaters{NC, pl. XIV, 16). 17Or perhapsan abbreviated oi someotnerwora11tne nameandthebeginning markbetweenM andI is a dividingstrokeand nota letter.Robinsontakesit foran I buton ourstaterthesignis littlemorethana pelletalthoughthereis spacefora longerstroke.


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two inscriptionsabove the standing lion read in the same direction, that is fromright to left,18the sequence is DTMTMT or 01MTM1, All and the transliterationwould be g-t-s-[i]-ñ-s-t or g-l-s-[i]-ñ-s-l.19 that one can say is that neither version lends itself to any sensible interpretation! The monogramwhich appears on both obverses and reversesof the earlierstatersand on the reversesof our issue is resolved by Robinson as O - Y (vo- u in Carian)20and interpretedas the initial letters of the mint. In this connectionthe AùÀiSrai- OúÀictTaiof the Athenian tributelists is suggested,but there are difficultiesin the attribution. Judging by its small assessment of 500 drachms, the place was apparently of minor consequence, and furthermore,the second version of the name, with which the monogram would be related, may be nothing more than a scribe's error.21A more promising possibility would seem to be OùÀaiqs, a town with a higher levy, which may be identifiedwith the modern Ula situated in the region of Idyma and not too far fromthe Lycian border.22Any firmmint identification,however,must await a comprehensivestudy of earlier Carian issues with lion types on which the ¥ monogram and the inscriptionOVA appear.23 18Therecan be no questionof thisin thecase oftheLesbilegendsincethelast letteris omittedon somedies. 19On theLondonstaterthesecondand last lettersareclearly*1; on ourstater T. The Berlinpieceseemsto have q as thesecond theyare just as certainly letterand T as thelast. und For thetransliteration see Hans Jensen,Die Schrift in Vergangenheit Gegenwart (Berlin,1958),448fï.The letterļ is not knownin Carianbutoccurs in Lycianand Lydian. If themarkbeforethe ļ is theletterI, it is also nonCarian. 20Actually thecombination forCariannames, maybeO-Y,a common beginning and it is conceivable was intended to includeA as well.On thatthemonogram ourcoin the engraving was donein severalstages:a deeply-cut O, a lightlyincisedY, and two additionaldiagonalsparallelingthe uppersegmentsof theY. 21As Robinsonnoted,citingB. D. Meritt,TheAthenian Tribute ListsI, 473. 22Meritt, thatOulaiesis listedinclose 362and 529-30.It is possiblysignificant to TTccktOes and just beforeTocppaviç, whichmaybe a border 'ISvueúç proximity city(Meritt, 553). 23Babelon,Traite,pl. XIX, 13 and22.Themonogram is also foundona Lycian stater(Babelon,pl. XCII, 14)and as a counterstamp on a coinofPhaseiis(NC 1936,pl. XIV, 6).


IO

A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES Mallus

ca. 425-400 b.c. 13. Obv.: Beardless male figurewith two pairs of curved wings in kneeling-runningposition to r.; he is draped from the waist down and holds a disk before his body with both hands. Rev.: M A P and eagle above a pantheressmovingto 1.,head facing and r. forepaw raised; all in shallow incuse square. At Stater. 10.43 gm./* The diecutterresponsibleforthis hithertounknownissue of Mallus has produced a remarkable work of art, original in concept and outstanding in technical skill. On the obverse the winged god with disk provides still another version of the Mallian solar deity found in various guises on the coinage: as a bearded half or full figurewith single or janiformhead and two or fourcurved wings, and later as a beardless figurewith two straightwings.24The combination of beardless head and fourcurved wings is new. It is the reversewhich is trulynoteworthyforits treatmentof the pantheress. Here there is no suggestion of the conventional wild beast ofthe coin types. The unusual renderingof arched hindquarters, lowered head and tail, and slightly-raisedforepaw conveys a vivid impressionof a startled animal, freezingin a posture of defense. The AN S coin,like anothernewissue ofMallus recentlydiscovered,25 seems to precede the long series of solar deity-swanemissionsof that mint. Tarsus ca. 385-333 b.c. 14. Obv.: Athena, draped and helmeted, seated to 1., holding spear in r. hand and leaning 1. arm on shield; behind, trunk of olive-treewith branch. Border of dots. Rev.: TEP [ZIKON] Girl kneeling to 1., playing with astragali; behind, plant. At Stater. 9.99 gm.f 24Babelon,Traité,pl. CXXXVII, 16-23. 25C. M. Kraay, TheCelenderis Hoard, NC 1962,7. Thereis noevidencethat ourpiececomesfromthesamedepositbutit is certainly possible.


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n

In this gracefulrenderingof a girl at play, the artist has created a coin type which is all the more charmingby contrast with the rather stodgy Athena of the obverse. Myriandrus ca. 350-345 b.c. 15. Obv.: Traces of Baaltars inscriptionto 1. of the Persian king (or Baaltars) seated to r. on elaborate throne with curved back ending in swan's head ; he wears long robe and high crown of Egyptian type and holds lotus bud in 1.hand and long lotus-tippedscepterin r. ; in front,roundshield. Border of dots. Rev. : Recumbent lion to 1.; above, bow. Border of dots. (Traces of an undertype above the bow.) At Stater. 9.86 gm.,/ Two series of lion staters and related obols are assigned by Newell to the mint of Myriandrusunder Mazaeus.26 Our stater belongs to the early coinage struck shortlyafter Mazaeus' appointmentca. 350 B.c. as satrap of both Cilicia and Syria. It differs,however,fromother recorded specimens in having a symbol in the right field of the obverse and borders of dots instead of linear circles around the obverse and reverse types. These variations place it at the end of the series with recumbentlion and just beforethe series with prowling lion, on which one findsdotted borders and in some cases a round shield behind the throne of Baaltars. The enthroned figureon the earliest issues of Myriandrusis not only strikinglydifferentfrom the Baaltars of Mazaeus' second sequence but unparalleled in the entire satrapal series. This makes it uncertainwhetherit is Baaltars or the Persian king who is represented. Newell believes that the legend points to the god, but Le Rider, in publishinga new specimen fromSusa,27argues that the distinctive crown is a royal attribute and that the figureis the king identified with Baaltars. There is another element of the costume which is 26"MyriandrosAlexandriaKaťlsson," AJN LIII. 2, 1919,i6ťř. 27Suse sous les Séleucideset les Parthes(Mém.de la MissionArch.en Iran, XXXVIII, 1965),p. 215,573.


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perhaps significant.On the staters the figureis clad in a plain robe, but on an oboi28he wears a garmentrenderedby interlockingcircles and suggestive of chain mail. This unusual type of kandys is also found on a rare issue of daries,29and the relationship there is undoubtedly with the Persian king. Myl as a Late 4th or 3rd Century b.c. 16. Obv.: Zeus Labraundus in chiton and himation standing to r., holding double-ax over r. shoulder and long spear( ? ) in 1. hand. Rev. : MYAAIEÛN to 1. of Zeus Osogöa, similarly clad, standing to r., holding tridentin r. hand and eagle in 1.; IEPOKAHZ (upward) in r. field.(Traces of earlierstrikingto r. of name.) AI Tetradrachm. 12.24 gm-t In a study of the mint of Mylasa,30Açkidil Akarca publishes two similar coins: a tetradrachm in Istanbul with Zeus Osogoa on the obverse and Zeus Labraundus on the reverse, and a didrachm in Berlin with the position of the two deities reversed. The ANS acquisition is a third specimen of this very rare Mylasan coinage. It correspondsclosely with the Berlin half in the placement of the two gods, in the absence of the border of dots found on the reverseof the Istanbul tetradrachm,and in the arrangementof the ethnic which reads upward in unbroken sequence to the left of the Zeus Osogoa figurewhereas on the Istanbul coin it is divided and reads downward to rightand left of Zeus Labraundus. On the ANS coin there is a second inscription,IEPOKAHZ, which must signifyan individual connected with the coinage.31Hierokles is otherwiseunknown at Mylasa but the name was evidently common 28Note the specimenfromthe BurtonY. BerryCollection(SNG 1309),erattributed to Tarsus. roneously 29BMCArabia,pl. XXV, 14. 30Les monnaiesgrecquesde Mylasa (Bibi. Arch,et Hist, de lTnst.Français d'Arch.d'Istanbul,I, 1959),p. 57,9-10. 31The Berlindidrachm in therightfield.In thecatalogueof was also inscribed thePhilipsen Collection from whichthecoincame(HirschXXV, 1909,2361),it is described as havingAl . . . Fromthephotographs thisreadingis notclearbut it. thereis a sigmatotherightoftheeagleandtracesofotherletters preceding


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in Caria forit appears on coins of later date fromCnidus, Halicarnassus, Myndus, Stratoniceia and Rhodes.32 In Miss Akarca's publication the Istanbul and Berlin issues are assigned to 150-100 b.c. This seems much too late.33Style and fabric alike point to an earlierdate and the Zeus Labraundus representation has obvious parallels with the main reverse type of the Carian dynastic coinage which came to an end in 334 b.c. with the arrival of Alexander and the destruction of Halicar nassus. After Alexander's death Caria was controlled in succession by Asander, Eumenes, Antigonus and Ptolemy Soter. How much freedom the individual cities enjoyed under any of these rulersis uncertain,but an emission of autonomous silver in large denominationson the Milesian-Phoenician standard34is perhaps more likely under Egyptian influenceafter 309 B.c. than at an earlier period. In putting out this distinctive coinage reminiscentof the issues of the Carian satraps, Mylasa may have been attempting to reclaim the pre-eminencewhich had been hers before the rise of Halicarnassus when, as the royal residence and the site of the famoustemples of Zeus Osogoa and Zeus Labraundus, she had been the chief city of Caria. Alexander

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ca. 325-323 b.c. 17. Obv.: Head of Athena tor., wearing crested Corinthian helmet with serpent on bowl; below neck, fulmen. Rev.: AAEEANAPOY to r. of Nike standing three-quarters 1., holdingwreathin r. hand and stylisin 1.; in lower1. field,ft. AI Drachm. 4.26 gm.;/ 32R. Münsterberg, "Die Beamtennamen auf den griechischen Münzen,"NZ recordofthenameoutsideCariais at Ciusand 1914,29. The onlynumismatic Synnada. 33E. S. G. Robinson(NC 1961,115)datesthecoinageto the 3rd(?) century; JacobHirschplacesthePhilipsencoinin the4thcentury. 34Thetwotetradrachms areon thesame"Milesian"standardas tetradrachms ofHecatomnusand Mausoluswiththe typesoflion'shead and Milesianstar. Babelon(Traité11.2, 144)believesthesatrapalissueswerestruckat Miletusbut theuseofthe"Milesian"standardfortheautonomous coinageofMylasais an fortheMylasanoriginof theearlierissues. This weightsystemof argument Mylasais somewhat lighterthan thereducedstandardadoptedby PtolemyI ca. 312b.c. (G. K. Jenkins, MN IX, 35ff.forthedate).


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Numerous staters and some quarters of the present issue are known but this seems to be the firstrecord of the half stater. Althoughthe monogramon the reverseof our coin is somewhat obscure, the obverse style is identical with that of a hemidrachmin the British Museum on which the H markingis clear. Both the monogram and the fulmensymbol of the obverse are characteristicof the gold issues of Miletus struck ca. 325-323 B.c.38 Ptolemies CYRENE UNDERPTOLEMYI ca. 313-312 B.C. 18. Obv.: KYPANAI above head of Athena to r., wearing crested Corinthianhelmet with serpent on bowl. Rev. : Traces of inscriptionto r. of Nike standing three-quarters 1., holding wreath in r. hand and stylis in 1.; in lower r. field,silphium. N Drachm. 4.25 gm.-PI.Both series have the standard Alexander types and the legend KYPANAION TTTOAEMAIQ (or ITTOAEMAIOY), but there are noteworthy differencesin style and composition. On the Theupheides stater the hair of Athena is renderedin stiffformalcurls, the Nike is standing, and the legend is divided with KYPANAIONon the obverse above the helmet of Athena and TTTOAEMA... on the reverse; on the coins of Euphris, Athena has loose flowinglocks, Nike is walking left,and both elementsof the legend are on the reverse. Although there is no trace of the ©EY inscription on the ANS drachm, its association with the unique Theupheides stater in the Athens Cabinet is unquestionable. The representationof the Athena 36Theyare also foundon tetradrachms and drachmsofthesame period (M. "A HoardofAlexanderDrachms,"Yale Classical R. Bellinger, Thompson-A. StudiesXIV, 1955,25). 36Les monnaies d'orde la Cyrênaïque (Geneva,1951),54i.


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head, the standing Nike, and the placement of the legend are identical on the two coins. We now have evidence that Theupheides, like Euphris, struck drachms as well as staters. E. S. G. Robinson37assigns this Theupheides-Euphris gold to the interval between the suppression of the revolt against Ophelias in 313 and the beginningof the revolt led by Ophelias in 312. Considering the brief period of emission, the rarity of the coinage is understandable. PTOLEMYII 271-246 B.C. 19. Obv.: AAEAOßN above jugate busts of Ptolemy II and Arsinoé; behind Ptolemy's head, shield. Border of dots. Rev.: ©EflNabove jugate busts of Ptolemy I and Berenice. Border of dots. M Didrachm. 6.94 gm.f One example of this denomination,a coin in the Vienna Cabinet, is listed by Svoronos.38It is fromthe same obverse die as our specimen. Seleucids I ANTIOCHUS ca. 280-278 B.C. 20. Obv.: Head of Herakles to r., wearing lion's skin. Border of dots. Rev.: BAZIAE[flZ]ANTIOXO[Y] in two lines to r. of Zeus aetophorus enthroned to 1.; in 1. field, ; below throne,N. Border of dots. Al Drachm. 3.96 gm.


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traditionand the monogrambelow the throneis foundin the exergue on the earliest Apollo-typetetradrachmsof Antiochus I fromAntioch (WSM 937). III ANTIOCHUS ca. 222-220 B.C. 2i. Obv.: Diademed head of Antiochus III to r. Fillet border. Rev.: BAIIAEflZ to r. and ANTIOXOY to 1. of Apollo seated to 1. on omphalos ; in outer 1. field,head of horse. Al Tetradrachm. 17.07 gm.t (Overstruck but undertype uncertain.) A second specimen of an issue firstpublished by Georges Le Rider in his monumental study of the coinage of Susa.40 The ANS coin is fromthe same obverse and reverse dies as the Susa piece; it is also from the same obverse die as a tetradrachm without symbol or monogramwhich Newell tentativelyassigns to Sardes (WSM 1454). As Le Rider points out, the new issue with its symbol of a horse's head is an argumentforthe correctnessof Newell's attribution. Three other issues of tetradrachms ( WSM 1451-3) are associated with No. 1454 as the possible output of the Sardes mint after the suppressionof Achaeus' rebellion. In discussing these emissions and Achaeus' own coinage, Newell poses two questions: 1) did Achaeus strike for Antiochus in the interval between his capture of Sardes ca. 222 b.c. and his revolt in 220 ? 2) was the horse's head which appears as type, symbol and counterstamp on Achaeus' issues a personal badge or merely a referenceto a region famous forhorses? In the writer's opinion, the new issue answers both questions. No. 1454, without symbol or monogram, was the first coinage of Achaeus as deputy for Antiochus, struck shortly after he occupied Sardes. The ANS-Susa issue followedand here the appearance of the horse's head, the badge prominentlydisplayed on Achaeus' personal coinage, surely suggests that Achaeus was already toying with the idea of rebellion.When this culminated in the proclamation of kingship in 220 b.c., the mint began to strikegold, silver and bronze with Achaeus' portrait and name, and it was not until after the defeat and execution of the rebel in 213 that Sardes resumed coining for 40Op.cit.,222f.No. 612 fromHoard4.


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Antiochus. On the new series (WSM 1451-2 and possibly 1453)41 the horse's head has disappeared. ALEXANDERBALA 150-Ca. 147 B.C. 22. Obv.: Diademed head of Alexander Bala to r. Fillet border. Rev. : BAZIAEQZto r. and AAEEANAPO (sic) to 1. of Apollo seated to 1. on omphalos; in outer 1. field,£ ; in exergue, |Ťp. Border of dots. Al Tetradrachm. 16.81 gm.,/ Three other examples of this finalissue of Alexander Bala at Susa are published by G. Le Rider.42Our piece shares obverse and reverse dies with tetradrachm C on his plate VIII, and provides a clear impressionof the monogramin the leftfield. DEMETRIUSII 146-138 B.C. 23. Obv.: Diademed head of the youthfulDemetrius to r. Border of dots. Rev.: BAZIAEÛ2/AHMHTPIOYto r. and OIAAAEAOOY/NIKATOPOZ to 1. of Sandan standing to r. on animal; in outer 1. field,W; in exergue, £i. Al Drachm. 3.91 gm.f (ex HesperiaArt, Bulletin XXXIV, 126) This is apparently the only record of a coinage fromTarsus during the firstreignof Demetrius II. A drachm of Alexander Bala with the 41The portraits ofNos. 1451-2and 1454are verysimilarin style;thatofNo. and difficult to fitintotheseries. 1453is quitedifferent, ofAntiochus Newell'ssequenceplacesNo. 1454as thelast striking afterhis ofSardes,onthegroundthattheheadis older.It seemstome,onthe recapture On No. 1454thereis no traceof thatit is a younger contrary, representation. thefurrow fromnoseto mouthwhichis clearlyindicatedon Nos. 1451-2,the ofthebrowis lesspronounced, and thehairlineis lower. furrow In connection withthisnewarrangement, thatboth it is possiblysignificant andthedeepdepression onthe theANS and Susa tetradrachms areoverstruck, ofthefianto reverse ofNewell's1454maybe theresultofa carelesshammering obliteratean earliertype.WhenAchaeusreopenedthe Sardesmintafterhis in gettingadequate conquestofthecity,he mayhave experienced difficulty suppliesofbullionand beenforcedto makeextensiveuse ofold coinsas flans forthenewAntiochus monev. 41Op.cit.,74. 3


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same reversetype is known,43and Demetrius duringhis second reign (130-125 b.c.) issued tetradrachms and drachms with Sandan and the pyramidal pyre of Tarsus as reverse types.44The £1combination of the ANS coin may have some long-termsignificance.It is found not only on the emissions of Bala and Demetrius already mentioned but also on some of the Tarsian issues of Antiochus VII, Antiochus VIII and Antiochus IX. Within the period of his firstrule, Demetrius II struckat a number of Cilician cities: Mallus,46 Seleuceia ad Calycadnum or Elaeusa,46 and Soli.47 It would be surprisingif he had not used Tarsus, the major mint of the region. 48Imhoof-Blumer, Monnaiesgrecques, p. 433,96. 44BMCSeleucids, p. 78, 22-23. 46Babelon,Roisde Syrie,p. 119,929. 44BMCSeleucids,p. 59, 15-16and forthe mint,A. R. Bellinger,MN III, 1948,27ff. 47O. Morkholm, MN XI, 1964,60.


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Some noteworthy Greek accessions / Margaret Thompson

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