5 Materi Soal Yang Sering Diujikan Pada dalam Tes Tes TOEFL Satu bagian dari tes TOEFL ada structure dan written expression, pada bagian ini di ujikan berbagai hal yang berkaita berkaitan n dengan dengan grammar grammar yang ruang lingkup lingkupnya nya tidak tidak terbatas terbatas.. amun amun berdasa berdasarkan rkan pengamatan pada tes!tes TOEFL ada, secara umum terdapat kecenderungan!kecenderungan yang dikeluarkan berupa soal dari materi!materi tertentu. "ampir setiap diadakan tes TOEFL bentuk soal tersebut muncul, mungkin kalimat kalimat tidak sama, tetapi pola grammarnya sama. #erikut adalah materi!materi yang sering diujikan dalam tes TOEFL pada bagian Soal Structure $an %ritten Expression. &. 'uxiliary (erb 'uxiliary (erb (erb adalah adalah kata kerja tambahan tambahan yang bersamaa bersamaan n dengan main main )erb untuk menambah menambah arti arti * #e, ha)e, do dan semua modal, +can, shall, may, dst -. omparison ompar ompariso ison n diguna digunakan kan untuk untuk memb memban andin dingk gkan an kata kata si/at si/at +adjek +adjekti/ ti/.. Setid Setidakn aknya ya ada ada tiga tiga jenis jenis omparis omparision ion dalam dalam bahasa bahasa inggris inggris yaitu yaitu comparat comparati)e i)e adjecti)e adjecti)e,, superlati superlati)e )e adjecti)e adjecti)e,, irregula irregular r adjecti)e, irregular adjecti)e Comparative Adjetive * Adjetive * 0embandingkan dua hal, orang, binatang, benda, dll. omparati)e menggunakan more +lebih dan less +kurang. 'rtinya * Lebih1 Lebih1 #ila adjecti)e terdiri dari satu kata +menggunakan +menggunakan 2er, bila terdiri dua kata atau lebih +menggunakan +menggunakan more! dan less. ontoh * "arder, 0ore beauti/ul, less dangerous, ontoh 3alimat * 'ni is more beauti/ul than 4uni Superlative Adjetive * Adjetive * 0embandingkan lebih dari dua hal, orang, binatang, benda, dll 0emiliki 'rti * 5aling #ila adjecti)e terdiri dari satu kata +menggunakan 2est, bila terdiri dua kata atau lebih +menggunakan most! dan least . ontoh * "ardest, 0ost beauti/ul, least dangerous, ontoh 3alimat * 'ni is more beauti/ul than 4uni !rregular Adjetive * #eberapa adjecti)e tertentu tidak mengikuti kaidah diatas tidak beraturan.$i kenal sebagai 6rregular 'djecti)e. #eberapa adjecti)e tidak beraturan yang sering digunakan
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Adjetive
Comparative
Superlaive
Little
Less
The Least
Far
Farther
The Fartherst
7ood
#etter
#est
#ad
%orse
The %orst
0uch
0ore
The 0ost
0any
0ore
The 0ost
8. 5reposisi 5reposisi adalah kata atau /rase yang menjelaskan sebuah hubungan 4ang 5erlu dicermati dalam ujian TOEFL sebagai berikut * !5erbedaan #etween dan 'mong #etween digunakan untuk menjelaskan dua kata benda +noun ontoh * There is a discussion between a student and his teacher Sedangkan Among Sedangkan Among digunakan untuk menjelaskan tiga atau lebih noun atau sebuah kata benda jamak +prular noun ontoh * There is a discussion among #ill, 9immy, and 9ohn !5erbedaan in, on, dan at untuk menunjukkan tempar 3etiganya memiliki arti yang sama untuk menunjukkan tempat, namun penggunaannya berbeda 6n * 0enunjukkan tempat!tempat yang besar. contoh * ountry, pro)ince, city, ocean, dll On * 0enunjukkan tempat!tempat yang berukuran menengah. ontoh * Street, coast, ri)er, lake, train, plane, ship, dll 't * 0enunjukkan tempat!tempat tempat!tempat yang berukuran berukuran kecil *ontoh * ' corner, corner, a room, a class, a building, a car, a bus, dll !5erbedaan in, on, at sebgai penunjuk waktu 6n * 0enunjukkan unit waktu yang besar. contoh * in &::-, in 9une On * 0enunjukkan unit waktu yang menengah. ontoh * On Thursday
2
't * 0enunjukkan 0enunjukkan unit waktu waktu yang berukuran berukuran kecil. kecil. ontoh * 't :.8; pm pm !5erbedaan instead dan instead o/ 'rti yang sama sama * $ari 5ada 5ada !nstead * !nstead * Tim want to buy a dress instead !nstead O" * $igunakan sebelum setelah kata benda atau kata si/at ontoh * 6 want to buy a dress instead o/ a shirt !5erbedaan #ecause dan because o/ #ecause * 0erupakan kata sambung, setela#n$a %alimat 6 didn
3
ontoh * Susi didn 'uxiliary > S > ( ontoh 3alimat * ot one book has been read to prepare his thesis proposal Ma t e r i t o e fls t r u c t u r d a nT e n s e s
I. Materi toefl structur a. Basic Sentences Stucture
Secara umum, tidak ada perbedaan yang sangat mencolok antara struktur kalimat bahasa Inggris dengan bahasa Indonesia, dimana suatu kalimat dibangun atas 4 komponen utama, yaitu Subject (S) + Ve Verb rb (V) + Complement (C) + Modifier (M)
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, komponen ini kita kenal dengan Subjek + Kata Kerja + Objek + Keterangan contoh: We studied grammar last eek We + studied + grammar + last eek S+V+C+M 1. Subject
! agen dari suatu kalimat dalam bentuk akti" ! benda#orang#pihak yang melakukan kegiatan atau yang bertanggung jaab terhadap suatu aksi dalam suatu kalimat ! biasanya mendahului $erb, atau setelah subject biasanya terdapat $erb contoh: I e%plain ho to study &nglish She listens to my e%planation
4
'hey didn(t understand that language Subjek dapat diketahui dari pertanyaan ho )siapa* atau hat )apa* yang melakukan perbuatan pada suatu kalimat 2. Verb
! erb is the action o" a sentence )aksi atau perbuatan pada suatu kalimat* ! erb phrase: gabungan antara au%ilaries dengan main $erb )kata kerja utama* contoh: I am learning &nglish )am - au%ilary, learning - main $erb* .y brother is $ery cle$er She has gone home )has - au%ilary, gone - main $erb* I ha$e been aiting here )ha$e been - au%ilary, aiting - main $erb* ! Setiap kalimat harus mempunyai erb 3. Complement
! /iasanya berupa noun )kata benda* atau noun phrase )"rasa kata benda* ! biasanya terdapat setelah $erb pada kalimat akti" ! complement menjaab pertanyaan hat )apa* atau siapa )hom* contoh: 0*
Sarijon bought a cake yesterday What did Sarijon buy yesterday1 23 a cake
*
5e sa 'ony at the mo$ie Whom did he see at the mo$ie1 23 'ony
6*
I e%plain pharmacology to my students What do I e%plain to my students1 23 pharmacology ! 7atatan: Setiap kalimat tidak harus mempunyai complement . Modifier
! .odi"ier menjelaskan time )aktu*, place )tempat*, atau manner )cara* dari sebuah aksi atau perbuatan ! /entuk yang paling umum dari modi"ier adalah prepositional phrase )kelompok kata yang dimulai dengan sebuah preposition dan diakhiri dengan sebuah noun ! 8reposition - on, out, under, behind, etc9 ! .odi"ier menjaab pertanyaan hen )kapan*, here )dimana*, atau ho )bagaimana* contoh: 0*
ohn bought a book at a book "air Where did ohn buy a book1 23 at a book "air
*
She is dri$ing $ery "ast 5o is she dri$ing1 23 $ery "ast
6*
I posted my application yesterday When do I post my application1 23 yesterday Conto! soal "
0 'he &i""el 'oer ;;;;; 8aris,
5
jawaban :
'he &i""el 'oer is a landmar# in 8aris, oung deer ;;;;;;; a are called "ans b be "ans c is "ans d are "ans called jawaban :
>oung deer is fa$ns, karena subjek adalah single sehingga membutuhkan to be singular untuk berperan menjadi $erbs bagi complements noun yakni, "ans b. %arallel Structure
8arallelism artinya kata?kata yang digunakan dalam rangkaian atau kelompok yang harus mempunyai bentuk yang sama secara grammar Ketika kita menggunakan kata?kata atau "rase yang dihubungkan dengan kata penghubung dalam sebuah rangkaian, maka bentuknya harus sama secara grammar 8erhatikan contoh berikut ini: ! 'erry likes simming and to di$e )Salah 2 tidak parallel* ! 'erry likes simming and di$ing )/enar 2 parallel* ! 'erry likes to sim and )to* di$e )/enar 2 parallel* ! I(m taking history, math, and chemical )Salah 2 7hemical bukan kata benda* ! I(m taking history, math, and chemistry Kadang?kadang kata?kata yang berulang?ulang seperti au%iliary $erbs, dapat dihilangkan pada rangkaian selanjutnya ! I ha$e been to 8aris and sa the &i""el 'oer )Salah 2 sa seharusnya seen* ! I ha$e been to 8aris and ha$e seen the &i""el 'oer )/enar* ! I ha$e been to 8aris and seen the &i""el 'oer )/enar dan lebih baik daripada contoh ke * ! Is she coming to the party or go to a mo$ie1 )salah* ! Is she coming to the party or going to a mo$ie1 )/enar* Conto! soal
Identi"y and correct the mistakes in parallel structure in the "olloing sentences 0 I sept the yard, eeded the garden and 9 the clothes a as ashing b ash c ashed d ashing ames decided to get up early, practice some yoga and 9 healthy "oods a eat b ate c eating d eaten
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Jawaban : 1 .
I sept the yard, eeded the garden and $as!ed the clothes, karena kalimat menggunakan simple past tense yang menggunakan $erb ketiga tanpa @u%iliary, sehingga kata ash juga harus menggunakan $erb ketiga tanpa @u%iliary
2 .
ames decided to get up early, practice some yoga and eat healthy "oods, karena kata sebelumnya practice menggunakan $erb 0 sehingga kata pasangan paralelnya harus menggunakan $erb 0 satu
juga yakni eat c. Comparati&e 'djecti&es
Saat membicarakan dua benda, kita dapat membandingkan dan melihat persamaan juga perbedaan antara dua benda tersebut .ungkin saja benda itu mempunyai kesamaan di satu sisi dan perbedaan pada sisi lainnya Antuk membandingkan perbedaan kedua benda tersebut kita menggunakan comparati$e adjecti$es 8erbandingan menggunakan comparati$e adjecti$es ini hanya untuk membandingkan antara dua benda saja 'da dua cara untu# membuat comparati&e adjecti&es"
0 .enambah akhiran ?er )short adjecti$es* .enambah aalan more )long adjecti$es* @turan penambahan akhiran untuk short adjecti$es: ? Amumnya adjekti$a hanya ditambahkan 2er, misalnya: older, smaller, richer, etc ? ika berakhiran 2e, tambahkan saja r, misalnya: later, nicer, etc ? ika berakhiran konsonan?$okal?konsonan, maka ditambah konsonan yang terakhir, baru kemudian ditambah 2 er, misalnya: bigger, hotter, etc ? ika berakhiran 2y, maka y diubah menjadi i kemudian ditambah er, misalnya: happier, earlier, busier, hea$ier, etc Antuk long adjecti$es, aturannya hanya menambahkan kata more saja pada adjekti$a, misalnya: e%pensi$e menjadi more e%pensi$e, beauti"ul menjadi more beauti"ul, dsb /eberapa adjekti$a mempunyai bentuk irregular, misalnya good 2 better, ell )healthy* 2 better, bad 2 orse, "ar 2 "arther#"urther, etc @djekti$a dengan dua suku kata yang bisa menggunakan 2er atau more: Buiet 2 Buieter#more Buiet, cle$er 2 cle$erer#more cle$er, narro 2 narroer#more narro, simple 2 simpler#more simple 7omparati$e adjecti$es tidak hanya digunakan untuk membandingkan dua benda yang berbeda saja, tetapi dapat juga digunakan untuk membandingkan benda yang sama yang menunjuk pada dirinya sendiri, dan benda yang dimaksud tidak perlu disebutkan lagi, seperti salah satu contoh kalimat di atas: I ant to ha$e a more poer"ul computer ata sifat denan 1 su#u #ata
Antuk membuat bentuk komparati" dari sebuah kata si"at yang memiliki satu suku kata, kita menambahkan ? er di belakang kata, contoh: slo 2 sloer "ast 2 "aster tall 2 taller short 2 shorter Antuk membuat perbandingan dari sebuah kata si"at yang memiliki satu suku kata dan berakhiran dengan huru" ?e, kita cukup menambahkan ?r 7ontoh: )nice 2 nicer *
) large 2 larger *
ika kata si"at dengan satu suku kata yang berakhiran dengan huru" $okal dan konsonan, maka kita menggandakan huru" konsonan 7ontoh:
7
) big 2 bigger * ) hot 2 hotter * )thin 2 thinner* ata sifat denan 2 su#u #ata
ika kata si"at memiliki dua atau lebih suku kata, kita menambahkan moresebelum kata si"at 7ontoh: 'his book is more e%pensi$e than that book 'his picture is more beauti"ul @kan tetapi, ada banyak pengecualian terhadap aturan satu#dua suku ?kata ini /eberapa kata dengan suku?kata memiliki si"at yang mirip dengan kata yang memiliki 0 suku?kata 7ontoh: 'his is easier 2 /enar 'his is more easy ? 'idak benar 'his is simpler 2 /enar 'his is more simple ? 'idak benar Dan beberapa kata si"at bisa menggunakan kedua bentuk komparati" 7ontoh: ?
cle$er
2
cle$erer
2
more
cle$er:
'hese
are
all
correct
? Buiet 2 Buieter 2 more Buiet: 'hese are all correct 8engecualian?pengecualian yang ada bisa dipelajari melalui kaidah?kaidah, cara terbaik untuk mempelajarinya adalah dengan mempelajarinya satu demi satu Conto! Soal "
0 'he Cile ri$er is ;;;; than the @maon a longer b more long c longest d long I(m ;;;;;; than >uri but ;;;;; than .iko a tallest, shorter b more tall, more short c taller, shortest d taller, shorter Jawaban :
0 'he Cile ri$er is loner than the @maon, karena kata si"at yang diperlukan kalimat hanya terdiri dari 0 suku kata dan hanya membandingkan benda I(m taller than >uri but s!orter than .iko, karena kata si"at yang diperlukan kalimat tersebut hanya terdiri dari 0 suku kata dan hanya membandingkan benda d. Conditional Clauses
7onditional )Kalimat 8engandaian* menjelaskan baha sebuah kegiatan bertentangan dengan kegiatan yang lain 7onditional yang paling umum adalah Eeal 7onditonal dan Anreal 7onditonal, kadang?kadang disebut juga i"?clauses Eeal 7onditional )sering juga disebut juga dengan 7onditional 'ipe I* yang menggambarkan tentang mengandai?andai sesuai dengan "akta Anreal 7onditional )sering juga disebut sebagai 7onditional 'ipe II* yang menggambarkan tentang pengandaian yang tidak nyata atau berimajinasi @da juga 7onditional yang ke?6 yang sering disebut dengan 7onditional 'ipe III, digunakan sebagai penyesalan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan ero conditional, digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang sudah pasti benar 7atatan: ika klausa Fi"G diletakkan di aal kalimat, kita harus menggunakan FkomaG Sebaliknya jika klausa Fi"G berada di belakang, maka tidak perlu ada koma
8
Conditional atau penandaian memili#i 3 bentu# " 1.
8engandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi pada aktu mendatang ataupun sekarang, jika syarat # kondisi tertentu terpenuhi Eumus 7onditional 'ype 0: I" + Subject + present simple + subject + modals )ill, can, may, must * 0 )simple "orm* contoh : I" ha$e money I ill buy a ne car I" + Subject+ Simple present 9 + subject + simple?present contoh : I" he has enough time, ohn usually alks to school I" + Subject + simple present 9+ command "orm contoh : I" you go to the post o""ice, please mail this letter "or me H 2. Anreal 8resent )7onditional 'ype *
8engandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang ada atau terjadi sekarang I" + subject + simple past + subject + modals )ould, could, might* 0 )Simple
8engandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan apa yang telah terjadi )lampau* Eumus 7onditional 'ype 6: I" + Subject + 8ast 8er"ect 9 subject + modals ) ould, could, might* + ha$e 6 conto! "
0 I" e had knon that you ere there, e ould ha$e ritten you letter )kalau saja kami tahu kamu berada disana, kami sudah mengirim surat padamu yang bermakna baha kami tidak mengirim surat karena kami tidak tahu kamu berada di sana # I did not kno that you ere there so I didn(t rite you a letter 5e ould tell you about it i" he ere here 6 I" he didn(t speak so Buickly, you could understand him /entuk in$ersi )tanpa FI
9
0 I" it ;;;;; so cloudy, e ould plan on ha$ing the "air outside a as b as not % c eren(t d had not I" she ;;;;;; to ad$ance her clock one hour, she ouldn(t ha$e been late "or ork a should ha$e remembered b could remembered c remembered d ould ha$e remembered % Jawaban :
0
I" it as not so cloudy, e ould plan on ha$ing the "air outside, karena induk kalimat menggunakan 0,
jadi kalimat pengandaian ini harus menggunakan tipe sehingga membutuhkan simple past tenses
I" she ould ha$e remembered to ad$ance her clock one hour, she ouldn(t ha$e been late "or
ork, karena induk kalimat menggunakan 6, been, maka kalimat pengandaian harus menggunakan tipe 6 sehingga membutuhkan past per"ect tenses sebagai jaaban
e. *oun Clauses
Coun clause adalah clause )ie subject dan $erb* yang di"ungsikan sebagai noun Coun clause dalam kalimat pada umumnya digunakan sebagai subject dan object kalimat Coun clause dapat diaali oleh: Juestion ord atau relati$e pronoun baik berupa single Buestion ord maupun phrase: Single Buestion ord )ie hen, ho, hat, ect* Juestion ord + determiner# noun# adjecti$e # ad$erb Juestion ord + in"initi$e 7onjunction )ie hether dan i"* 'hat atau the "act that Sehingga pola dari noun clause adalah: Juestion ord#conjunction#that + subject + $erb + 9 '. *oun Clauses dia$ali denan uestion $ords
Dalam
5o
to @ddress Juestions
sudah
dibahas
tentang
penggunaan kata tanya
baik dalam
membuat in"ormation Buestions maupun dalam membuat embedded Buestions &mbedded Buestions tersebut adalah noun clause Dalam section ini diberikan contoh tambahan untuk mere"resh memori anda 1. Sinle ,uestion $ords.
7ontoh: 1 .
Where she is no is still unknon
2 .
When they arri$e is still uncertain
3 .
I kno hat you did last summer and I still kno hat you did last summer are to 5ollyood mo$ies starred by enni"er o$e 5eitt 8erhatikan: dalam kalimat ini, noun clause $!at -ou did last summer menjadi object dari I #no$ dan I still #no$, dan setelah digabung dengan: are to 5ollyood mo$ies
starred by enni"er o$e 5eitt, menjadi subject majemuk dari kalimat
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Coun clause dapat ditempatkan diaal kalimat )sebagai subject* atau sebagai object ika anda ingin merubah posisi noun clause dari subject kalimat menjadi object kalimat, biasanya dibutuhkan pronoun it atau sedikit modi"ikasi kata 7ontoh di atas menjadi: 1 .
It is still unknon here she is no
2 .
Do you kno hen they arri$e1
6
'o 5ollyood mo$ies starred by enni"er o$e 5eitt are I kno hat you did last summer and I still kno hat you did last summer Karena merupakan judul mo$ies, noun clause hat you did last summer tidak perlu diputar posisinya Cote: a* 7lause yang diaali oleh Buestion ords tertentu )ie hen, hene$er, here* juga dapat ber"ungsi sebagai ad$erbial clause 7ontoh:
1 .
I as reading a book hen the phone rang
2 .
I ent to here I and my e% girl"riend had been last eeke nd 6 I suddenly get nausea hene$er I see his "ace )nausea - mual#mau muntah*
b* 7lause yang diaali oleh Buestion ords tertentu )ie ho, hom, hose + noun* juga dapat ber"ungsi sebagai adjecti$e clause Dalam hal ini, kata tanya tersebut sebenarnya adalah relati$e pronoun Well, jangan terlalu dipusingkan dengan istilah >ang penting anda mengerti pola#struktur kalimatnya 'api, jika anda penasaran, silakan baca topic adjecti$e clauses 7ontoh: 1 .
I think you hom .r Dodi as looking "or )Saya kira kamu )orang* yang pak Dodi sedang cari?cari tadi*
2 .
.r Dodi, ho is a teacher, as looking "or you at school
3 .
Eommy, hose book as stolen last eek, just bought another ne book yesterday 2. uestion $ords + e&ersoe&er
Kecuali ho, diakhir Buestion ords dapat ditambahkan e$er atau soe$er menjadi hene$er - hensoe$er, hate$er-
hatsoe$er,
dan
seterusnya
@rti e$er atau soe$er di
sini
sama,
yaitu saja#pun,
tinggal
dikombinasikan dengan kata tanya di depannya Sedangkan, ho+e$er menjadi hoe$er )ie ad$erb atau juga disebut kata transisi yang berarti namun#alapun demikian* tidak termasuk dalam katagori ini 7ontoh: 1 .
We ill accept hate$er you ant us to do )Kami akan menerima#melakukan apa saja yang kamu ingin kami lakukan*
2 .
Whoe$er can melt her "eeling is a $ery lucky guy )melt - meluluhkan* /e care"ul: guy )dibaca gae*laki?laki, sedangkan gay )dibaca gei* - "ag - homo
6 She has agreed to here$er the man ould bring her )Dia telah setuju kemanapun pria itu membaanya pergi* Cote: in speaking )in"ormal*, preposition )dalam hal ini to, etc* biasanya diletakkan di ujung kalimat She has agreed here$er the man ould bring her to 3. uestion $ords + nouns
Juestion ords + nouns yang sering digunakan antara lain: hat time )jam berapa*, hat day )hari apa*, hat time )jam berapa*, hat kind )jenis apa*, hat type )tipe apa*, hose + nouns )ie hose car, hose book, ect*, dan seterusnya 7ontoh: 1 .
I can(t remember hat day e ill take the e%am
2 .
@s long as I am "aith"ul, she doesn(t care hat t ype o" "amily I come "rom )"aith"ul - setia*
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3 .
Do you kno hat time it is1 4 I don(t kno hose car is parked in "ront o" my house . uestion $ords + adjecti&es
Juestion ords + adjecti$es yang sering digunakan antara lain: ho long )berapa panjang#lama*, ho "ar )berapa jauh*, ho old )berapa tua#umur*, ect 7ontoh: 1 .
.anH She still looks young Do you kno ho old she actually is1
2 .
I am lost 7ould you tell me ho "ar it is "rom here to the post o""ice1 6 What a jerk 5e didn(t e$en ask ho long I had been aiting "or him /. uestion $ords + determiners
Juestion ords + determiners yang sering digunakan adalah: ho many )berapa banyak* dan ho much )berapa banyak* Eemember: ho many diikuti oleh plural nouns, sedangkan ho much diikuti oleh uncountable nouns 7ontoh: 1 .
Is there any correlation beteen ho good he or she is in &nglish and ho many books he or she has1
5o much your &nglish skill ill impro$e is determined by ho hard you practice
0. uestion $ords + ad&erbs.
Juestion ords + ad$erbs yang sering digunakan adalah: ho o"ten )berapa sering*, ho many times )berapa kali* ect 7ontoh: 1 .
Co matter ho o"ten I practice, my &nglish still sucks )'idak memandang berapa kali saya latihan,
bahasa Inggris saya masih jelek* Suck )in"ormal $erb* - jelek#tidak baik arti suck yang lain: mengisap I don(t ant my parents to kno ho many times I ha$e le"t school early )lea$e school early - bolos* . uestion $ords + infiniti&es.
ika
Buestion
ords
langsung
diikuti
oleh in"initi$es,
in$initi$es
tersebut
mengandung
makna shouldatau can#could 8erhatikan baha subject setelah Buestion ords dihilangkan 7ontoh: 1 .
She didn(t kno hat to do - She didn(t kno hat she should do )Dia tidak tahu apa yang seharusnya dia lakukan*
2 .
8lease tell me ho to get the train station "rom here - 8lease tell me ho I can get the train station "rom here
3 .
We ha$en(t decided hen to go to the beach - We ha$en(t decided hen e should go to the beach
4 .
.arry told us here to "ind her - .arry told us here e could "ind her
5 .
B. *oun clauses dia$ali denan $!et!erif
Whether bisa diikuti oleh OE#CO' bisa juga tidak makna kalimat biasanya sama alaupun OE#CO' tidak disebutkan )ini tergantung konteks kalimat* 7ontoh: I am not sure hether she is coming or not - I am not sure hether or not she is coming - I am not sure hether she is coming )Saya tidak yakin apakah dia akan datang atau tidak* We can(t decide hether e should go out or stay home - We can(t decide hether to go or )to* stay home 8erhatikan, in"initi$es juga dapat digunakan setelah hether C. *oun clauses dia$ali denan t!att!e fact t!at
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Di sini that berarti baha, sedangkan the "act that berarti "akta baha Sedangkan, that dalam adjecti$e clauses berarti yang 7ontoh: 'hat she has had a 8hD degree at the age o" L surprises a lot o" people - It surprises a lot o" people that she has had a 8hD degree at the age o" L It is the "act that the orld is round - the "act that the orld is round is ell knon It as ob$ious that she as $ery sick - 'he "act that she as $ery sick as ob$ious It seems that it is going to rain soon Conto! Soal "
0 'he teacher heard ho ansered the Buestion )7* @nalisa: Kalimat pertama F'he teacher heardG benar karena 'he teacher subject and heard $erbnya Kalimat kedua FWho ansered the phonedG juga benar karena ho ber"ungsi sebagai subject and ansered sebagai $erbnya 8ada saat yang bersamaan Who juga ber"ungsi sebagai connetor adi kalimat di atas sudah benar I do not understand it ent rong )I* @nalysis: Kalimat pertama FI do not understandG sudah benar karena I subject dan do not understand $erb Kalimat kedua Fit ent rongG salah karena tidak ada connector sekaligus subject Kalimat yang benar seharusnya: I do not understand hat ent rongWhat ber"ungsi sebagai subject dan juga connector, sementara ent nya sebagai $erb, II . enses 1.
Simple %resent ense
'enses ini digunakan untuk: .enyataka#mengungkapkan kegiatan yang sering dilakukan atau rutinitas .isalnya, dilakukan tiap hari, setiap minggu, setiap bulan, setiap tahun, dst .enyatakan keadaan, si"at dari benda#binatang#orang yang tetap, artinya dari dulu hingga sekarang) tidak dapat dibantah* dan mungkin nantinya tidak akan berubah .isalnya, darah merah, bumi bulat, dst &%ample: Kalimat 8ositi")+* I#e#they#you + 5e#she#it +
IC
We go to campus e$eryday
b
She alays helps her mother
c
/eckham plays "ootball e$eryeek
Kalimat Cegati" )?* I#e#they#you +
Do not
5e#she#it
Does not +
+
+
IC
We don(t go to campus e$eryday
b
She doesn(t alays help her mother
c
/eckham doesn(t play "ootball e$eryeek
Kalimat 8ertanyaan )1*
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Do
+ I#e#they#you +
Does + 5e#she#it
+
IC
Do e go to campus e$eryday 1
b
Does she alays help her mother 1
c
Does /eckham play "ootball e$eryday 1
W5 Juestions a
What do e do e$eryday 1
b
Who does she alays help 1
c
What dose /eckham play e$eryday 1
2.
%resent %roressi&e ense
'enses ini digunakan untuk: .enerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada aktu sekarang &%ample: Kalimat 8ositi" )+* Subject +
'o be )am, are, is* + 8resent participle
'hey are studying &nglish no
b
5e is playing soccer
c
We are doing the task
Kalimat Cegati" )?* subject + to be )am, are, is*+ not + present participle
'hey are not studying &nglish Co
b
5e is not playing soccer
c
We aren(t doing the task
Kalimat 8ertanyaan)1* 'o be )am, are, is* + Subject + 8resent 8articiple
@re 'hey studying &nglish Co 1
b
Is he playing soccer 1
c
@re you doing the task 1
W5 Juestions a
What are they studying no 1
b
What is he doing 1
c
What are you doing 1
3.
%resent %erfect ense
'enses ini digunakan untuk: .enerangkan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan pada aktu lampau yang masih ada hubungannya dengan aktu sekarang namun aktu terjadinya tidak jelas diketahui .enunjukan suatu perbuatan uklangan pada aktu yan tidak tertentu sebelum sekarang Dalam hal ini sering dipakai kata?kata separti be"ore, already, e$er, ne$er, yet &%ample:
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Kalimat 8ositi" )+* I# e# you# they
+
5@& +
8ast 8articiple
5e# she# it
+
5@S
8ast 8articiple
+
I ha$e e$er been there
b
5e has taught &nglish since se$en years ago
c
She has li$ed in &ngland since ten years ago
Kalimat Cegati" )?* I# e# you# they
+ 5@& Cot +
8ast 8articiple
5e# she# it
+ 5@S Cot
8ast 8articiple
+
I ha$e not e$er been there
b
5e has not taught &nglish since se$en years ago
c
She has not li$ed in &ngland since ten years ago
Kalimat 8ertanyaan)1* 5@& +
I# e# you# they
+ 8ast 8articiple
5@S
5e# she# it
+ 8ast 8articiple
+
5a$e you e$er been there 1
b
5as he taught &nglish since se$en years ago 1
c
5as she li$ed in &ngland since ten years ago 1
W5 Juestions a
Where place ha$e you e$er been 1
b
5o log has he taught &ngllish 1
c
Where has she li$e since ten years ago 1
.
%resent %erfect %roressi&e tense
'enses ini digunakan untuk : .enyatakan perbuatan yang dimulai pada aktu lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang &%ample: Kalimat 8ositi" )+* I# e# you#they
+
5@& +
5e# she# it
+
5@S +/&&C
/&&C + +
8resent 8articiple
8resent 8articiple
We ha$e been aiting "or you since se$en o(clock
b
She has been studying &nglish "or three years
c
'hey ha$e been touring since yesterday
Kalimat Cegati" )?* I# e# you#they +
5@& Cot + /&&C + 8resent 8articiple
5e# she# it
5@S Cot + /&&C
+
+ 8resent 8articiple
We ha$e not been aiting "or you since se$en o(clock
b
She has not been studying &nglish "or three years
c
'hey ha$e been touring since yesterday
Kalimat 8ertanyaan)1*
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5@& + I# e# you#they
+
/&&C + 8resent 8articiple
5@S
+
/&&C + 8resent 8articiple
+ 5e# she# it
5a$e >ou been aiting "or me since se$en o(clock 1
b
5as She been studying &nglish "or three years 1
c
5a$e they been touring since yesterday 1
W5 Juestions a
Who ha$e >ou been aiting since se$en o(clock 1
b
What has She been studying "or three years 1
c
What ha$e they been doing since yesterday 1
/.
Simple %ast ense
'enses ini digunakan untuk: .enyatakan kegiatan yang selesai dilakukan pada aktu lampau dan diketahui pula aktu terjadinya &%ample: Kalimat 8ositi")+* Subject + 8ast 'ense)*
'hey ent to >ogyakarta last eek
b
She came here yesterday
c
I atched the mo$ie last night
Kalimat Cegati" )?* Subject + did not+ IC
'hey didn(t go to >ogyakarta last eek
b
She didn(t come here yesterday
c
I didn(t atched the mo$ie last night
Kalimat 8ertanyaan)1* Did + Subject + IC
Did they go to >ogyakarta last eek 1
b
Did she come here yesterday 1
c
Did you atch the mo$ie last night 1
W5 Juestions a
Where did they go last eek 1
b
When did she come here 1
c
When did you atch the mo$ie 1
0.
%ast %roressi&eense.
'enses ini digunakan untuk: .enyatakan kegiatan yang sudah dimulai dan masih berlangsung pada aktu lampau pada saat peristia lain terjadi atau kegiatan yang lain dilakukan .enyatakan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi pada aktu lampau &%ample: Kalimat 8ositi" )+* I# e# you#they
+
W&E& +
8resent 8articiple
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5e# she# it
+
W@S
+
8resent 8articiple
I as atching '$, hen you played the game
b
I as sleeping, hile you as calling me
c
She as reading a book, hen you listened the rock music
Kalimat Cegati" )?* I# e# you#they
+ W&E& Cot + 8resent 8articiple
5e# she# it
+ W@S Cot
+ 8resent 8articiple
I as not atching '$, hen you played the game
b
I as not sleeping, hile you as calling me
c
She as not reading a book, hen you listened the rock music
Kalimat 8ertanyaan)1* W&E& +
I# e# you#they
+
8resent 8articiple
W@S
5e# she# it
+
8resent 8articiple
+
Were you atching '$, hen I played the game 1
b
Were you sleeping, hile I as calling you 1
c
Was she reading a &nglish book, hen you listened the rock music1
W5 Juestions a
What ere you doing, hen I played the game 1
b
What ere you doing, hile I as calling you 1
c
What book as she reading, hen you listened the rock music 1
.
Simple uture ense
'enses ini digunakan untuk: .enyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan pada aktu yang akan datang &%ample: Kalimat 8ositi" )+* Subject + Will + IC
5e ill meet you in 7ampus tomorro morning
b
She ill $isit her grandma ne%t eek
c
I ill meet mary this e$ening
Kalimat Cegati" )?* Subject + Will not + IC
5e ill not meet you in 7ampus tomorro morning
b
She ill not $isit her grandma ne%t eek
c
I ill not meet .ary this night
Kalimat 8ertanyaan)1* Will + Subject + IC
Will he meet you in 7ampus tomorro morning 1
b
Will she $isit her grandma ne%t eek 1
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c
Will you meet .ary this night 1
W5 Juestions a
When Will he meet you in 7ampus 1
b
When Will she $isit her grandma 1
c
Who Will you meet this night 1
Directions : Question 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence ou !ill see "or !or#s or phrases$ mar%e# &'($ &B($ &)( an# &D(. *ou are to choose one !or# or phrase that +est complete the sentence. ,ample /he s!immin instructor came... i" the apartment !as still aaila+le. '. to see B. seein ). sa! D. "or seein /he sentence shoul# +e rea# /he s!immin instructor came to see i" the apartment !as still aaila+le. /here"ore$ ou shoul# choose A. Now begin work on the questions. 1. /he committee has met t!ice an# .... '. the reache# a nal #ecision B. a nal #ecision !as reache# ). its #ecision !as reache# D. it has reache# a nal #ecision 2. /he manaer !ont +e a+le to atten# the sharehol#ers meetin tomorro! +ecause.... '. he must to ie a lecture B. he !ill +e iin a lecture ). o" he !ill ie lecture D. he !ill hae iin a lecture 3. Bren#as score on the test is the hihest in class. '. he shoul# stu# har# last niht. B. he shoul# hae stu#ie# har# last niht. ). he must hae stu#ie# har# last niht. D. he ha# to stu# har# last niht 4. /o ans!er accuratel is more important than... '. to nish uic%l B. a uic% nish ). ou nish it uic%l D. uic% nish 5. ain +een sere# lunch$.... '. the pro+lems !ere #iscusse# + the participants. B. the participants #iscuss the pro+lems. ). it !as #iscusse# + the participants. D. ' #iscussion o" the pro+lems !ere ma#e + the participants. 6. ,ast alimantan relies heail on income "rom oil an# natural as$ an#.... '. 'ceh proince also. B. 'ceh proince too. ). 'ceh proince is as !ell.
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D. so #oes 'ceh proince. 7. /he participants hae ha# some pro+lems #eci#in.... '. !hen the shoul# announce the result o" the meetin. B. !hen are the soin to announce the result o" the meetin. ). !hen shoul# the announce the result o" the meetin. D. the time !hen the result o" the meetin to announce. 8. /his ear !ill +e more #icult "or our oraniation +ecause.... '. !e hae less mone an# olunteers than last ear. B. there is a little mone an# olunteers than last ear. ). it has less mone an# "e!er olunteers than it ha# last ear. D. it has "e!er mone an# less olunteers than it ha# last ear. 9. ;ro"essor Ba%er tol# his stu#ents that... '. the can turn oer their reports on upiter B. >upiter rotates ). >upiter rotation D. >upiter rotate 14. >ac%son$... capital o"
11. B
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2. B 3. ) 4. ' 5. B 6. D 7. ) 8. ) 9. ) 10.D
12. B 13. B 14. ' 15. D
?ea# more: http:@@!!!.%ursusmu#ah+ahasainris.com@2013@10@contoh-soal-toeAstructure-len%ap.htmli4C1s=nc Questions 1 through 10 are based on the foowing !assage.
Eichens$ o" !hich more than t!ent thousan# species hae +een name#$ are comple associations +et!een certain alae. /he lichen itsel" is not an oranism: rather it is the morpholoical an# +iochemical pro#uct o" the association. Ceither a "unus nor an ala alone can pro#uce lichen. /he intimate relationship +et!een these t!o liin components o" lichen !as once erroneousl thouh to represent mutualism. n mutual relationships$ +oth participants +enet. ith lichens$ ho!eer$ it appears the "unus actuall parasities the alae. /his is one o" the conclusions #ra!n "rom eperiments in !hich the t!o components o" lichens !ere separate# an# ro!n apart. n nature$ lichen "uni ma encounter an# ro! aroun# saeral %in#s o" alae. ome tpes o" alae the "uni ma %illF other tpes it ma reGect. Eichen alae are autotrophic$ meanin the ma%e their o!n "oo# throuh photosnthesis. Eichen "uni are heterotrophic$ meanin the #epen# upon the alae !ithin the lichen to suppl their "oo#. =p to ninet percent o" than "oo# ma#e + the reen ala cell is trans"erre# to the "unus. hat$ i" anthin$ the "unus contri+utes to the association is not !ell un#erstoo#. Eichens are hardly . /he ro! in man ha+itats an# are o"ten pioneers in hostile enironments !here "e! other oranisms can Aourish. /he hae +een %no!n to ro! en#olithicall$ hain +een #iscoere# thriin insi#e o" roc%s in 'ntartica. Eichen help re#uce erosion + sta+iliin soil. aeral %in#s o" insects lue lichens to their eos%eletons "or camouAae.
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'. imple plants ma#e o" t!o #iIerent autotrophic oranims. B. ' mutual association +et!een a "unus an# an ala ). ' parasitic association +et!een t!o "uni$ one autotrophic$ the secon# autotrophic D. ' union +et!een a parasitic "unus an# an autotrophic ala 2. /he !or# har#l in line 26 is clossest in meanin to '. /en#er B. Dura+le ). 'rme# D. Benecial 3. n Biolo$ mutualism occurs !hen t!o #iIerent oranism lie close toether an# '. Jne oranism parasities the other B. Both oranism +enet "rom the association ). Both oranism are harme# + the association D. Jne oranism +enets !hile the other #oes not or is harme# + the association 4. n line 7$ the !or# intimate is nearest in meanin to '. liin B. ,traor#inar ). Bioloical D. )lose 5. Eichen seres as camouAae "or !hich o" the "ollo!inH '. nsects B. Bir#s ). ?eptiles D.
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Ei%e those ants$ termite colonies consist o" #iIerent #asses$ ea#h !ith its o!n particular Go+. /he most per"ectl "orme# termites$ +oth male an# "emale$ ma%e up the pro#uctie class. /he hae ees$ har# +o# !alls an# "ull #eelope# !ins. ' pair o" repro#uctie termites founds the colon. hen ne! repro#uctie termites #eelop$ the leae to "orm another colon. /he use their !ins onl this on time an# then +rea% them oI. /he !or%er termites are small$ +lin# an# !inless$ !ith so"t +o#ies. /he ma%e up the maGorit o" the colon an# #o all the !or%. ol#iers are eeless an# !inless +ut are larer than the !or%ers an# hae har# hea#s an# stron Ga!s an# les. /he #e"en# the colon an# are care# "or + the !or%ers. /he male an# "emale o" the repro#uctie class remain insi#e a close#-in #e !hen the "emale las thousan#s o" es. /he !or%ers place the es in cell an# care "or them. ,en i" one colon is treate# !ith poison$ i" a male an# "emale o" the repro#uctie class escape$ the can "orm a ne! colon. ;est control companies can inspect a house "or in"estation o" termites. J"ten$ o" la person can not spot the ei#ence$ so it is critical to hae the opinion o" a proIesional. /reatments ar #epen#in upon the tpe o" termite. 10. o! are termites li%e antsH '. /he lie in communities$ an# each class has a specic #ut B. /heir +o#ies are the same shape ). /he %in an# ueen are imprisone# D. /he "emales repro#uctie capacities are the same 11. /he !or# communal in line 3 is closest in meanin to '. ,atin B. ?epro#ucin ). Jraniational D. ocial 12. hich o" the "ollo!in is not trueH '. 'll termites hae ees B. ome termites cannot A ). or%ers are smaller than sol#iers D. /ermites #o not A o"ten 13. n line 4$ the !or# #istinct is closest in meanin to '. imilar B. DiIerent ). Keneticall relate# D. tron 14. n line 6$ classes is closest in meanin to '. ees B. )olonies ). )ourses D. )ateories 15. hich o" the "ollo!in statements is pro+a+l trueH '. /housan#s o" termites ma moe toether to #eelop a ne! colon
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B. /he male an# "emale repro#uctions #o not enture out#oors ecept to "orm a ne! colon. ). /here are more sol#iers than !or%ers D. ' !or%er coul# easil %ill a sol#ier 16. /he !or# "oun#s in line 10 is nearest in meanin to '. ,sta+lishes B. Destros ). )ontrol D. Kuar#s 17. hich o" the "ollo!in !oul# +e the +est title "or this passaeH '. /ermites Destro ouses B. /ermites or% ell /oether ). /he a+its an# ;hsical )haracteristics o" /ermites D. /he relationship o" ol#ier an# or%er /ermites 18. /he !or# each in line 6 re"ers to '. 'nts B. )olonies ). >o+s D. )lasses
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
=C) >''B'C : B 10. ' B 11. D B 12. B D 13. B ' 14. D ) 15. B ' 16. ' ) 17. ) D 18. B
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Example 6 The swimming instructor came... i/ the apartment was still a)ailable. '. to see #. seeing . saw $. /or seeing The sentence should be read CThe swimming instructor came to see i/ the apartment was still a)ailable.C There/ore, you should choose '. ow begin work on the Duestions. &. The committee has met twice and .... '. they reached a /inal decision #. a /inal decision was reached . its decision was reached $. it has reached a /inal decision
23
-. The manager wont be able to attend the shareholders meeting tomorrow because.... '. he must to gi)e a lecture #. he will be gi)ing a lecture . o/ he will gi)e lecture $. he will ha)e gi)ing a lecture 8. #rendas score on the test is the highest in class. '. She should study hard last night. #. She should ha)e studied hard last night. . She must ha)e studied hard last night. $. She had to study hard hard last night =. To answer accurately is more important than... '. to /inish Duickly #. a Duick /inish . you /inish it Duickly $. Duick /inish ?. "a)ing been ser)ed lunch,.... '. the problems were discussed by the participants. #. the participants discuss the problems. . it was discussed by the participants participants.. $. ' discussion o/ the problems were made by the participant participants. s. . East 3alimantan relies hea)ily on income /rom oil and natural gas, and.... '. 'ceh pro)ince also. #. 'ceh pro)ince too. . 'ceh pro)ince is as well. $. so does 'ceh pro)ince. G. The participants ha)e had some problems deciding.... '. when they should announce the result o/ the meeting. #. when are they sgoing to announce the result o/ the meeting. . when should they announce the result o/ the meeting. $. the time when the result o/ the meeting to announce. H. This year will be more di//icult /or our organiIation because.... '. we ha)e less money and )olunteers than last year. year. #. there is a little money and )olunteers than last year. . it has less money and /ewer )olunteers than it had last year. $. it has /ewer money and less )olunteers than it had last year. :. 5ro/essor #aker told his students that... '. they can turn o)er their reports on 0ondays. #. the reports can turn o)er on 0onday. . they could hand in their reports on 0onday. $. the reports they can hand in on 0onday. &;. The adder is a )enomous snake ... bite may pro)e /atal to humans. '. its #. whom its . that
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$. whose Sepuluh Soal TOEFL dan Kunci Jawaban di Jawaban di atas bisa dijadikan pemanasan. 3alau sudah, silahkan lanjutkan dengan ? soal berikutnya di bawah ini. &&. .... a bee colony gets, the more the Dueens egglaying capability diminishers. '. 6t is more o)ercrowded. #. The more o)ercrowded. . 0ore o)ercrowded than. $. 0ore than o)ercrowded. &-. The chairwoman reDuested that .... '. the participants studied more care/ul the problem. #. the participants study the problem more care/ully. . the participant participants s studied the problem with more care/ul. $. the problem be studied more care/ully. &8. Jnlike the earth, which rotates once e)ery twenty!/our hours ... once e)ery ten hours. '. the rotation o/ 9upiter #. 9upiter rotates . 9upiter rotation $. 9upiter rotate &=. 9ackson,... capital o/ 0ississippi, is the largest city in the state. '. the #. it is the . is the $. where the &?. The )arious types o/ bacteria are classi/ied according to...shapes. '. whose #. how they are . ha)e $. their %uni 'a(a&an Soal TOEFL &. $ -. # 8. # =. # ?. # . $ G. ' H. :. &;.$
&&. # &&. &-. # &8. # &=. ' &?. #
Supaya tidak terlalu lama silahkan langsung coba kerjakan Soal Toe"l Tes )easis(a dan *jian %ompre#ensi" berikut berikut ini.
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&. The increase in the sales o/ new cars ....... Expected to make tra//ic jams worse '. 6s #. 're . #e $. #eing 9'%'#* ' -. Little children are usually a/raid o/........ by their mother. mother. '. Lett #. To lea)e . Lea)ing $. #een le/t 9'%'#* 8. C %hen did you realiIe you had lost your purseCC %hen 6... ,one to pay the conductorC '. %as needing needing #. "ad needed . "a)e needing $. 'm needing 9'%'#* # =. %hy didnt $idK wan to go homeA "is mother...... him /or causing the car accident '. would blame blame #. has blamed . is blaming $. had blamed 9'%'#* $ ?. The way pro/essor 0attis teaches English not only keeps the student interest....... '. 'nd 'nd also increases increases their moti)ation moti)ation #. #ut also increasing their moti)ation . 'nd he also increases their moti)ation $. #ut also increases their moti)ation 9'%'#* $ . The thie/......... into the room through this window because there are /ootprint near the door. '. %as to get #. 0y get . %ould rather get $. 0ust ha)e got 9'%'#* $ G. "e told me a lot about the 5hilippines. "e ..... there /or a long time. '. 0ust ha)e li)ed li)ed #. 0ight be li)ing . Ought to ha)e li)ed $. Should be li)ing 9'%'#* ' H. 4our son will be operated on tomorrow morning. "e ... ha)e a good rest tonight the doctor said. '. 0ight #. 0ay . an $. 0ust 9'%'#* $ :. "a)ing gi)en the prescriptio prescription n to the patient... '. The medicine medicine was taken taken regularly regularly by the patient patient #. The doctor told the patient to take the medicine regularly . The medicine had to be taken regularly by the patient
26
$. The patient was told to t ake the medicine regularly regularly 9'%'#* # &;. .......... ' /ew million rupiahs, he went on a /our to Europe. '. Sa)ed #. "as sa)ed . "e has sa)ed $. "a)ing sa)ed
Conto# Toe"l +rammar Jntuk lebih jelas silahkan lihat beberapa contoh soal untuk test toe/l grammar pada pembahasan Soal berikut ini* &. From &:=: onward, the artist 7eorgia O<3ee//e made ew 0exico . +' her permanent residence was +# where her permanent residence + permanent residence /or her +$ her permanent residence
-. 9ust as remote!controlled satellites can be employed to explore outer space, employed to in)estigate the deep sea. +' can be robots +# robots can be + can robots +$ can robots that are
8. 6n people, the areas o/ the brain that control speech are located in the le/t hemisphere. +' mostly o/ +# most + almost the +$ the most o/
=. Stars shine because o/ produced by the nuclear reactions taking place within them. +' the amount o/ light and heat is +# which the amount o/ light and heat + the amount o/ light and heat that it is +$ the amount o/ light and heat
?. is not clear to researchers. +' %hy dinosaurs ha)ing become extinct +# %hy dinosaurs became extinct + $id dinosaurs become extinct +$ $inosaurs became extinct
. 'lthough many people use the word @milkB to re/er cow
27
+# applies also + it also applies +$ but it also applies
G. The /irst transatlantic telephone cable system was not established &:?. +' while +# until + on +$ when
H. no two people think exactly alike, there will always be disagreement, but disagreement should not always be a)oidedM it can be healthy i/ handled creati)ely. +' There are +# %hy + That +$ #ecause
:. $rinking water excessi)e amounts o/ /luorides may lea)e a stained or mottled e//ect on the enamel o/ teeth. +' containing +# in which containing + contains +$ that contain +3umpulan Soal dan 5embahasan &;. 6n the &H-;
&&. 5ewter, /or eating and drinking utensils in colonial 'merica, is about ninety percent tin, which copper or bismuth added /or hardness. +' was widely used +# widely used it + widely used +$ which widely used
&-. ' moth possesses two pairs o/ wings as a single pair and are co)ered with dustlike scales. +' /unction +# are /unctioning + that /unction +$ but /unctions
&8. Soap operas, a type o/ tele)ision drama series, are so called because at /irst, they were .
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+' o/ten which soap manu/acturers sponsored +# sponsored o/ten soap manu/acturers + o/ten sponsored by soap manu/acturers +$ soap manu/acturers o/ten sponsored them
&=. The %oolworth #uilding in ew 4ork was the highest in 'merica when in &:=8 and was /amous /or its use o/ 7othic decorati)e detail. +' built +# it built + was built +$ built it
&?. "umans, , interact through communicati)e beha)ior by means o/ signs or symbols used con)entionally. +' like other animals +# how other animals + other animals that +$ do other animals
%ead the foowing !assage& /he railroa# !as not the rst institution to impose reularit on societ$ or to #ra! attention to the importance o" precise time%eepin. Mor as lon as merchants hae set out their !ares at Line #a+rea% an# communal "estiities hae +een cele+rate#$ people (5)
hae +een in rouh areement !ith their neih+ors as to the time o" #a. /he alue o" this tra#ition is to#a more apparent than eer. ere it not "or pu+lic acceptance o" a sinle ar#stic% o" time$ social li"e !oul# +e un+eara+l chaotic: the massie #ail trans"ers o" oo#s$ serices$ an# in"ormation !oul# procee# in ts an#
(10)
startsF the er "a+ric o" mo#ern societ !oul# +ein to unrael.
'(a$!e I hat is the main i#ea o" the passaeH n mo#ern societ !e must ma%e more time "or our neih+ors. /he tra#itions o" societ are timeless. 'n accepte# !a o" measurin time is essential "or the smooth "unctionin o" societ. $. ociet Gu#es people + the times at !hich the con#uct certain actiities.
'. #. .
29
/he main i#ea o" the passae is that societies nee# to aree a+out ho! time is measure# in or#er to "unction smoothl. /here"ore$ ou shoul# choose ans!er ).
'(a$!e II n line 6$ the phrase this tra#ition re"ers to '. the practice o" startin the +usiness #a at #a!n #. "rien#l relations +et!een neih+ors . the railroa#s reliance on time sche#ules $. peoples areement on the measurement o" time /he phrase this tra#ition re"ers to the prece#in clause$ people hae +een in rouh areement !ith their neih+ors as to the time o" #a. /here"ore$ ou shoul# choose ans!er D.
Now begin work on the questions. )%AC*IC' )A++A,' /he 'las%a pipeline starts at the "roen e#e o" the 'rctic Jcean. t stretches south!ar# across the larest an# northernmost state in the =nite# tates$ en#in at a remote ice-"ree seaport illae nearl Line 800 miles "rom !here it +eins. t is massie in sie an# etremel (5)
complicate# to operate. /he steel pipe crosses !in#s!ept plains an# en#less miles o" #elicate tun#ra that tops the "roen roun#. t !eaes throuh croo%e# canons$ clim+s sheer mountains$ plunes oer roc% cras$ ma%es its !a throuh thic% "orests$ an# passes oer or
(10) un#er hun#re#s o" riers an# streams. /he pipe i s 4 "eet in #iameter$ an# up to 2 million +arrels &or 84 million allons( o" cru#e oil can +e pumpe# throuh it #ail. ?estin on -shape# steel rac%s calle# +ents$ lon sections o" the pipeline "ollo! a ia course hih a+oe the "roen earth. (15) Jther lon sections #rop out o" siht +eneath spon or roc% roun# an# return to the sur"ace later on. /he pattern o" the
30
pipelines up-an#-#o!n route is #etermine# + the o"ten harsh #eman#s o" the arctic an# su+arctic climate$ the tortuous la o" the lan#$ an# the arie# compositions o" soil$ roc%$ or perma"rost (20) &permanentl "roen roun#(. ' little more than hal" o" the pipeline is eleate# a+oe the roun#. /he remain#er is +urie# an!here "rom 3 to 12 "eet$ #epen#in larel upon the tpe o" terrain an# the properties o" the soil. Jne o" the larest in the !orl#$ the pipeline cost approimatel (25) N8 +illion an# is + "ar the +iest an# most epensie construction proGect eer un#erta%en + priate in#ustr. n "act$ no sinle +usiness coul# raise that much mone$ so 8 maGor oil companies "orme# a consortium in or#er to share the costs. ,ach compan controlle# oil rihts to particular shares o" lan# in the oil el#s an# (30) pai# into the pipeline-construction "un# accor#in to the sie o" its hol#ins. /o#a$ #espite enormous pro+lems o" climate$ suppl shortaes$ euipment +rea%#o!ns$ la+or #isareements$ treacherous terrain$ a certain amount o" mismanaement$ an# een the"t$ the 'las%a pipeline has +een complete# an# is operatin.
)%AC*IC' QU'+*I-N+ Soal Toe"l ,eading Pratie dan 'a(a&an /he passae primaril #iscusses the pipelines &. operatin costs -. emploees 8. consumers =. construction -. /he !or# it in line 4 re"ers to &. pipeline -. ocean 8. state =. illae - 'ccor#in to the passae$ 84 million allons o" oil can trael throuh the pipeline each &. #a -. !ee% 8. month =. ear - /he phrase ?estin on in line 13 is closest in meanin to &. )onsistin o" -. upporte# + &.
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8. ;assin un#er =. ;rotecte# !ith - /he author mentions all o" the "ollo!in as important in #eterminin the pipelines route ,L),;/ the &. climate -. la o" the lan# itsel" 8. local eetation =. %in# o" soil an# roc% - /he !or# un#erta%en in line 26 is closest in meanin to &. remoe# -. selecte# 8. transporte# =. attempte# - o! man companies share# the costs o" constructin the pipelineH &. 3 -. 4 8. 8 =. 12 - /he !or# particular in line 29 is closest in meanin to &. peculiar -. specic 8. eceptional =. eual - hich o" the "ollo!in #etermine# !hat percentae o" the construction costs each mem+er o" the consortium !oul# paH &. o! much oil el# lan# each compan o!ne# -. o! lon each compan ha# o!ne# lan# in the oil el#s 8. o! man people !or%e# "or each compan =. o! man oil !ells !ere locate# on the compans lan# - here in the passae #oes the author proi#e a term "or an earth coerin that al!as remains "roenH &. Eine 3 -. Eine 13 8. Eine 19 =. Eine 32 &um+er: ets.or(
'a(a&an Soal Toe"l ,eading Pratie ;enasaran #enan %emampuan an#a$ setelah menerGa%an soal #i atas silah%an ce% menuna%an %unci Ga!a+an an su#ah #ise#ia%an #i +a!ah ini. 'ns!er e "or ?ea#in )omprehension ini +isa an#a una%an untu% menu%ur se+erapa Gauh %emampuan an#a #alam rea#in.
+e#tion / %eading Co$!rehension &. -. 8. =. ?. . G. H.
D ' ' B ) D ) B
32
:. &;.
' )
/here are three parts to this section$ !ith special #irections "or each part. 'ns!er all uestions +ase# on !hat is state# or implie# + the spea%ers ou hear. Do not& ta%e notes or !rite in our test +oo% at an time turn the paes until ou are tol# to #o so.
• •
)art A ire#tions& n ;art '$ ou !ill hear short conersations +et!een t!o people. '"ter each conersation$ ou !ill hear a uestion a+out the conersation. /he conersations an# uestions !ill not +e repeate#. '"ter ou hear a uestion$ rea# the "our possi+le ans!ers in our test +oo% an# choose the +est ans!er. /hen$ on our ans!er sheet$ n# the num+er o" the uestion an# ll in the space that correspon#s to the letter o" the ans!er ou hae chosen.
Here is an example. -n the re#ording2 3ou wi hear& wo$an4
I don't like this painting very much.
$an4
either do I.
narrator4
!hat does the man mean"
In 3our test book2 3ou wi read& '. e #oesnt li%e the paintin either. B. e #oesnt %no! ho! to paint. ). e #oesnt hae an paintins. D. e #oesnt %no! !hat to #o. *ou learn "rom the conersation that neither the man nor the !oman li%es the paintin. /he +est ans!er to the uestion$ hat #oes the man meanH is '$ e #oesnt li%e the paintin either. /here"ore$ the correct choice is '.
)%AC*IC' QU'+*I-N+
33
1. 5ou wi hear& $an4
#hall I lock up the computer la$ no% $e&ore I go home"
wo$an4
on't $other. I'm not leaving &or a %hile I can check it on my %ay out.
narrator4
!hat %ill the %oman pro$a$ly do"
5ou wi read&
'. Eoc% the computer la+ later. B. Eeae !ith the man. ). Bu a ne! loc% "or the computer la+. D. ho! the man !here the la+ is.
". 5ou wi hear& $an4
o you mind i& I turn the television o"
wo$an4
!ell I'm in the middle o& %atching a program.
narrator4
!hat does the %oman imply"
5ou wi read&
'. /he man shoul# !atch the proram too. B. /he man shoul# leae the teleision on. ). /he proram !ill +e oer soon. D. hell !atch teleision later.
/. 5ou wi hear& wo$an4
I heard the math re*uirements &or graduation are $eing changed.
$an4
+es. ,nd I may $e short one course.
narrator4
!hat does the man mean"
34
5ou wi read&
'. e isnt sure !hat course to ta%e. B. /he math course is too short. ). e ma not meet the ra#uation reuirements. D. /he ra#uation #ate has +een chane#.
>i%a an#a masih %uat untu% melanGut%an +elaGar #enan Contoh Soal Toe"l Listening ini sekarang anda bisa langsung mengerjakan soal pada bagian kedua yaitu part b. #aca petunjuknya baik!baik dan ikuti arahan yang ada, usahakan anda mengerjakan soal ini seolah!olah sedang mengikuti test toe/l jadi diakhir nanti anda bisa dengan mudah mengukur sejauh mana kemampuan anda saat ini. )art B ire#tions& n this part o" the test ou !ill hear loner conersations. '"ter each conersation ou !ill hear seeral uestions. /he conersations an# uestions !ill not +e repeate#. '"ter ou hear a uestion$ rea# the "our possi+le ans!ers in our test +oo% an# choose the +est ans!er. /hen$ on our ans!er sheet$ n# the num+er o" the uestion an# ll in the space that correspon#s to the letter o" the ans!er ou hae chosen. ?emem+er$ ou are not allo!e# to ta%e notes or !rite in our test +oo%.
+A6)7' C-N8'%+A*I-N AN )%AC*IC' QU'+*I-N+ narrator4 $an4 wo$an4
$an4
-uestions through /. Listen to a conversation a$out a trip. ,re you ready &or he ig ,pple" 4cuse me" +ou kno% e% +ork ity. +ou are going to e% +ork %ith us aren't you" I %anted to sho% every$ody around my old neigh$orhood.
wo$an4
6h...sure7 I %ouldn't miss it especially %hen the tour guide is a native e% +orker.
$an4
I thought %e could start at the 8useum o& 8odern ,rt. 9ight no%
35
there's an e4hi$it on t%entieth:century ,merican painters. wo$an4
;ine %ith me...$ut %hat %ere you saying a$out...a $ig apple"
$an4
he ig ,pple. It's a nickname &or e% +ork. I think I heard once that it started %ith
wo$an4
6h.
$an4
!henever they played a concert in a city they called that city an apple. In those days e% +ork %as the $iggest city in the country so they called it he ig ,pple.
wo$an4
>ey I have an idea7 Let's go to a
$an4
#ounds good.
Questions& 9. 5ou wi hear& narrator4
5ou wi read&
!hat is the man planning to see"
'. 'n art ehi+it. B. ' Broa#!a pla. ). ' mo#ern #ance pro#uction. D. 'n opera.
:. 5ou wi hear& narrator4
5ou wi read&
!hat can $e in&erred a$out the man"
'. e is a Ga musician. B. e !ants to Goin the !omans clu+.
36
). e is in his t!enties. D. e !as +orn in Ce! *or%.
;. 5ou wi hear& narrator4
5ou wi read&
!hat does the %ord ,pple in the phrase he ig ,pple re&er to"
'. 'n instrument. B. ' cit. ). ' theater. D. ' concert.
<. 5ou wi hear& narrator4
5ou wi read&
!ho gave e% +ork its nickname"
'. ;ainters. B. /our ui#es. ).
)art C ire#tions& n this part o" the test ou !ill hear seeral tal%s. '"ter each tal%$ ou !ill hear some uestions. /he tal%s an# uestions !ill not +e repeate#. '"ter ou hear a uestion$ rea# the "our possi+le ans!ers in our test +oo% an# choose the +est ans!er. /hen$ on our ans!er sheet$ n# the num+er o" the uestion an# ll in the space that correspon#s to the letter o" the ans!er ou hae chosen.
Here is an example. -n the re#ording2 3ou wi hear&
37
narrator4
$an4
Listen to an instructor talk to his class a$out a television program. I'd like to tell you a$out an interesting ? program that'll $e sho%n this coming hursday. It'll $e on &rom @ to 10 p.m. on hannel . It's part o& a series called 8ysteries o& >uman iology. he su$
Here is an example. 5ou wi hear& narrator4
!hat is the main purpose o& the program"
In 3our test book2 3ou wi read&
'. /o #emonstrate the latest use o" computer raphics. B. /o #iscuss the possi+ilit o" an economic #epression. ). /o eplain the !or%ins o" the +rain. D. /o #ramatie a "amous mster stor. /he +est ans!er to the uestion$ hat is the main purpose o" the proramH is )$ /o eplain the !or%ins o" the +rain. /here"ore$ the correct choice is ).
Here is another example. 5ou wi hear&
38
narrator4
!hy does the speaker recommend %atching the program"
In 3our test book2 3ou wi read&
'. t is reuire# o" all science maGors. B. t !ill neer +e sho!n aain. ). t can help ie!ers improe their memor s%ills. D. t !ill help !ith course !or%. /he +est ans!er to the uestion$ h #oes the spea%er recommen# !atchin the proramH is D$ t !ill help !ith course !or%. /here"ore$ the correct choice is D. ?emem+er$ ou are not allo!e# to ta%e notes or !rite in our test +oo%.
)%AC*IC' *A7K AN )%AC*IC' QU'+*I-N+ narrator4
-uestions C through 10. Listen to a talk a$out animal $ehavior. oday's discussion is a$out a common animal reaction A the ya%n. he dictionary deBnes a ya%n as an involuntary reaction to &atigue or $oredom. hat's certainly true &or human ya%ns $ut not necessarily &or animal ya%ns. he same action can have *uite dierent meanings in dierent species. ;or e4ample some animals ya%n to intimidate intruders on their territory. ;ish and li=ards are e4amples o& this. >ippos use ya%ns %hen they %ant to settle a *uarrel. 6$servers have seen t%o hippos ya%n at each other &or as long as t%o hours $e&ore they stop *uarreling.
wo$an4
,s &or social animals like $a$oons or lions A they ya%n to esta$lish the pecking order %ithin social groups and lions o&ten ya%n to calm social tensions. #ometimes these animals ya%n &or a strictly physiological reason A that is to increase o4ygen levels. ,nd curiously enough %hen they ya%n &or a physical reason like that they do %hat humans do A they try to stiDe the ya%n $y looking a%ay or $y covering their mouths.
39
Questions& =. 5ou wi hear& narrator4
!hat is the speaker's main point"
5ou wi read&
'. 'nimals a!n "or a num+er o" reasons. B. *a!nin results onl "rom "atiue or +ore#om. ). uman a!ns are the same as those o" other animals. D. Jnl social animals a!n.
>. 5ou wi hear& narrator4
,ccording to the speaker %hen are hippos likely to ya%n"
5ou wi read&
'. hen the are s!immin. B. hen the are uarrelin. ). hen the are socialiin. D. hen the are eatin.
10. 5ou wi hear& narrator4
5ou wi read&
!hat physiological reason &or ya%ning is mentioned"
'. /o eercise the Ga! muscles. B. /o eliminate "atiue. ). /o et reater strenth "or attac%in. D. /o ain more oen.
&um+er: ets.or(
40
Answer Ke3& 7istening Co$!rehension2 )arts A2 B and C u#ah selesai$ se%aran apa%ah an#a su#ah siap menetahui hasil an#a menerGa%an soal #i atasH >i%a an#a su#ah #enan sunuh-sunuh menerGa%an soal #i atas laa%na an#a se#an meni%uti test toeA ma%a an#a se%aran +isa menu%ur hasilna #enan melihat %unci Ga!a+an an a#a. unci Ga!a+an untu% Soal Toefl Listening di atas adalah sebagai berikut* &. -. 8. =. ?. . G. H. :. &;.
' B ) ' D B ) ' B D
Example 6 The swimming instructor came... i/ the apartment was still a)ailable. '. to see #. seeing . saw $. /or seeing The sentence should be read CThe swimming instructor came to see i/ the apartment was still a)ailable.C There/ore, you should choose '. ow begin work on the Duestions. &. The committee has met twice and .... '. they reached a /inal decision #. a /inal decision was reached . its decision was reached $. it has reached a /inal decision -. The manager wont be able to attend the shareholders meeting tomorrow because.... '. he must to gi)e a lecture #. he will be gi)ing a lecture . o/ he will gi)e lecture $. he will ha)e gi)ing a lecture 8. #rendas score on the test is the highest in class. '. She should study hard last night. #. She should ha)e studied hard last night. . She must ha)e studied hard last night. $. She had to study hard last night =. To answer accurately is more important than... '. to /inish Duickly #. a Duick /inish
41
. you /inish it Duickly $. Duick /inish ?. "a)ing been ser)ed lunch,.... '. the problems were discussed by the participants. #. the participants discuss the problems. . it was discussed by the participants. $. ' discussion o/ the problems were made by the participants. . East 3alimantan relies hea)ily on income /rom oil and natural gas, and.... '. 'ceh pro)ince also. #. 'ceh pro)ince too. . 'ceh pro)ince is as well. $. so does 'ceh pro)ince. G. The participants ha)e had some problems deciding.... '. when they should announce the result o/ the meeting. #. when are they sgoing to announce the result o/ the meeting. . when should they announce the result o/ the meeting. $. the time when the result o/ the meeting to announce. H. This year will be more di//icult /or our organiIation because.... '. we ha)e less money and )olunteers than last year. #. there is a little money and )olunteers than last year. . it has less money and /ewer )olunteers than it had last year. $. it has /ewer money and less )olunteers than it had last year. :. 5ro/essor #aker told his students that... '. they can turn o)er their reports on 0ondays. #. the reports can turn o)er on 0onday. . they could hand in their reports on 0onday. $. the reports they can hand in on 0onday. &;. The adder is a )enomous snake ... bite may pro)e /atal to humans. '. its #. whom its . that $. whose Sepuluh Soal TOEFL dan Kunci Jawaban di atas bisa dijadikan pemanasan. 3alau sudah, silahkan lanjutkan dengan ? soal berikutnya di bawah ini. &&. .... a bee colony gets, the more the Dueens egglaying capability diminishers. '. 6t is more o)ercrowded. #. The more o)ercrowded. . 0ore o)ercrowded than. $. 0ore than o)ercrowded. &-. The chairwoman reDuested that .... '. the participants studied more care/ul the problem. #. the participants study the problem more care/ully. . the participants studied the problem with more care/ul. $. the problem be studied more care/ully.
42
&8. Jnlike the earth, which rotates once e)ery twenty!/our hours ... once e)ery ten hours. '. the rotation o/ 9upiter #. 9upiter rotates . 9upiter rotation $. 9upiter rotate &=. 9ackson,... capital o/ 0ississippi, is the largest city in the state. '. the #. it is the . is the $. where the &?. The )arious types o/ bacteria are classi/ied according to...shapes. '. whose #. how they are . ha)e $. their %uni 'a(a&an Soal TOEFL &. $ -. # 8. # =. # ?. # . $ G. ' H. :. &;.$
&&. # &-. # &8. # &=. ' &?. #
CO.TO/ SOAL TOEFL $i bawah ini adalah contoh soal yang mengharuskan 'nda untuk mengisi titik!titik yang masih kosong. 1 recei)ed law degrees as today.
e)er so many women ha)e e)er ha)e so many women The women aren
43
1 recei)ed law degrees as today. Mari kita o&a strategi umum untuk mendapatkan ja(a&an $ang &enar 5ilihan & dan - terlihat menyerupai, untuk itu kita dapat menyingkirkan pilihan ini dan melihat pilihan lainnya terlebih dahulu.
Jntuk pilihan 8, kita dapat melihat bentuk kata kerja pada kalimat ini tidaklah benar* The women aren’t ever received law de grees as today #entuk tata bahasa yang salah pada kalimat ini adalah penggunaan kata @the women!" sebagai subyek dari kalimat ini dikatakan bahwa wanita tidak pernah menerima gelar hukum. #erdasarkan pengetahuan umum kalimat ini tentu saja tidak benar.
Selanjutnya adalah pilihan = yang mengatakan* #omen who have never received law degrees as today
CA,A PE.YELESA!A. SOAL TEST TOEFL 6ni bukanlah kalimat yang lengkap. 3ita hanya memiliki Subyek +yaitu women > klausa yang dimulai dengan kata who +yang menjelaskan subyek. Jntuk itu, kita dapat mengatakan kalau pilihan ini salah. Sekarang kita dapat kembali ke pilihan & dan -* $ever so many women have received law degrees as today $ever have so many women received law degrees as today 5ada kalimat 5resent 5er/ect dengan menggunakan Nnever’ urutan yang benar adalah sebagai berikut* SJ#9ET > "'S"'(E > E(EP > (EP# 6 5'ST 5'PT665LE FOP0 +untuk kata kerja receive, bentuknya berubah menjadi received . 9ika melihat urutan ini maka kita tidak dapat menemukan jawaban yang tepat. Tapi, untuk menekankan sesuatu maka kata never dapat ditempatkan di awal kalimat. $engan begitu urutannya akan menjadi* E(EP > "'S"'(E > SJ#9ET > (EP# 6 5'ST 5'PT665LE FOP0
44
#erdasarkan urutan ini maka kita berhasil menemukan jawaban yang tepat, yaitu pilihan ke dua* $ever have so many women received law degrees as today
Soal Tes TOEFL
&. aptain "enry, crept slowly through the underbrush. '. being remote /rom the enemy, #. attempting to not encounter the enemy, . trying to a)oid the enemy, $. not in)ol)ing himsel/ in the enemy, -. Tommy was one '. o/ the happy childs o/ his class #. o/ the happiest child in the class . child who was the happiest o/ all the class $. o/ the happiest children in the class 8. he began to make /riends more easily. '. "a)ing entered school in the new city, it was /ound that #. '/ter entering the new school, . %hen he had been entering the new school, $. Jpon entering into the new school, =. 6t is )ery di//icult to stop the culti)ation o/ marijuana because '. it grows )ery carelessly #. or itQs growth without attention . it grows well with little care $. it doesnQt care much to grow ?. The /act that space exploration has increased dramatically in the past thirty '. is an e)idence o/ us wanting to know more o/ our solar system #. indicates that we are )ery eager to learn all we can about our solar system . how we want to learn more about the solar system $. is pointing to e)idence o/ our intention to know a lot more about what is called our solar system . 0any o/ the current international problems we are now /acing '. linguistic incompetencies #. are the result o/ misunderstandings . are because o/ not understanding themsel)es $. lacks o/ the intelligent capabilities o/ understanding each other G. 0r.Poberts is a noted chemist '. as well as an e//ecti)e teacher #. and too a )ery e//icient teacher . but he teaches )ery good in addition $. howe)er he teaches )ery good also H. 5ublic tele)ision stations are di//erent /rom commercial stations '. because they recei)e money di//erently and di//erent types o/ shows
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#. /or money and program types . in the areas o/ /unding and programming $. because the /ormer recei)es money and has programs di//erently /rom the latter :. 0anu/acturers o/ten sacri/ice Duality ! '. /or a larger pro/it margin #. in place o/ to earn more money . to gain more Duantities o/ money $. and instead earn a bigger amount o/ pro/it &;. 'utomobile production in the Jnited States '. ha)e taken slumps and rises in recent years #. has been rather erratic recently . has been erratically lately $. are going up and down all the time &&. ' major problem in the construction o/ new buildings '. is that windows ha)e been eliminates while air conditioning systems ha)e not been per/ected #. is they ha)e eliminated windows and still dont ha)e good air conditioning . is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners dont work good $. is dependent on the /act that while they ha)e eliminated windows, they are not capable to produce e//icient air conditioning systems &-.9ohn said that no other car could go '. so /ast like his car #. as /ast like his car . as /ast like the car o/ him $. as /ast as his car &8. "er grades ha)e impro)ed, but only '. in a small amount #. )ery slightly . minimum $. some &=. %hile attempting to reach his home be/ore the storm, '. the bicycle o/ 9ohn broke down #. it happened that 9ohns bike broke down . the storm caught 9ohn $. 9ohn had an accident on his bicycle &?. The changes in this city ha)e occurred '. with swi/tness #. rapidly . /astly $. in rapid ways
Kunci dan Pembahasan Jawaban
&. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* sangat mudah dipahami dari pendekatan makna
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-. $ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* one o/ the > plural nouns +children 8. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. "a)ing entered school in the new city, it was /ound that !!R it mengarah ke manaA #. '/ter entering the new school, . %hen he had been entering the new school, !!R penggunaan tense yg tidak tepat $. Jpon entering into the new school, !!R enter 1 noun =. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. it grows )ery carelessly !!R arelessl$ #an$a digunakan untuk animal dan people #. or itQs growth without attention !!R its !!!R its . it grows well with little care $. it doesnQt care much to grow !!R kata care megacu ke perasaan yang seharusnya tidak ditujukan ke tumbuhan marijuana ?. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. is an e)idence o/ us wanting to know more o/ our solar system !!R our wanting +masuk di materi gerund #. indicates that we are )ery eager to learn all we can about our solar system . how we want to learn more about the solar system !!R jika ini digunakan maka kalimat tidak lengkap tanpa )erb utama $. is pointing to e)idence o/ our intention to know a lot more about what is called our solar system !!R terlalu bertele!tele . # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. linguistic incompetencies !!R kalimat yg /ragmen #. are the result o/ misunderstandings . are because o/ not understanding themsel)es !!R themsel)es mengarah ke manaA $. lacks o/ the intelligent capabilities o/ understanding each other !!R makna tidak sesuai G. ' Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. as well as an e//ecti)e teacher #. and too a )ery e//icient teacher !!R too mestinya also . but he teaches )ery good in addition !!R teaches well $. howe)er he teaches )ery good also !!R teaches well H. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. because they recei)e money di//erently and di//erent types o/ shows !!R salah pemilihan kata #. /or money and program types !!!R salah pemilihan kata . in the areas o/ /unding and programming $. because the /ormer recei)es money and has programs di//erently /rom the latter !!R di//erent /rom :. ' Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an*
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'. /or a larger pro/it margin #. in place o/ to earn more money !!R o" 1 noun . to gain more Duantities o/ money !!R salah makna kalimat tidak membahas Duantities o/ money $. and instead earn a bigger amount o/ pro/it !!R bigger umum digunakan dalam situasi in/ormal &;. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* &;. 'utomobile production in the Jnited States '. ha)e taken slumps and rises in recent years !!R ha)e +plural #. has been rather erratic recently . has been erratically lately !!R &een ver& 2linking ver&- 1 adver& $. are going up and down all the time !!R are +plural &&. ' Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. is that windows ha)e been eliminates while air conditioning systems ha)e not been per/ected #. is they ha)e eliminated windows and still dont ha)e good air conditioning !!R they mengarah keA . is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners dont work good !!R work well $. is dependent on the /act that while they ha)e eliminated windows, they are not capable to produce e//icient air conditioning systems !!R capable > o/ > )erb!ing &-. $ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* eDual comparison !!R as 333 as &8. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* improved > ad)erb +)ery slightly &=. $ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* ,edution in adver&ial lause !!R while 'o#n was attempting to reach his home be/ore the storm, 'o#n had an accident on his bicycle 5rinsip* clause yang bisa di reduksi hanyalah klausa yang mempunyai subjek sama &?. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 #ave ourred 1 adver& +rapidly
&. The hard palate /orms a partition and nasal passages. +' the mouth +# between the mouth + is between the mouth +$ it is between the mouth Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* Subject dan )erb sudah lengkap sehingga kita tidak butuh lagi )erb atau pun subject lainnya jika tidak terdapat connector. 5ilihan dan $ terdapat )erb tanpa connector, jadi otomatis sudah salah. 9awaban yang paling tepat ialah #. 5rinsip* Setiap kalimat bahasa 6nggris mesti terdiri dari minimal & clause +subject > )erb. 9ika terdapat - clause maka mesti ada & connector. 8 clause mesti ada - connector. begitupun seterusnya. -. Sam Spade in The 0altese Falcon and Pick #laine in asablanca o/ "umphrey #ogarts more /amous roles. +' they are two +# two o/ them are + two o/ them +$ are two
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Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3alimat di atas terdapat subject tapi kehilangan )erb jadi kita butuh )erb. 9awaban yang terdapat )erb ialah ', #, dan $M pilihan sudah jelas salah. 5ilihan ' dan # kemudian salah karena terdapat lagi subject. 9adi jawaban paling tepat ialah $. 5rinsip* Setiap kalimat bahasa 6nggris mesti terdiri dari minimal & clause +subject > )erb. 9ika terdapat - clause maka mesti ada & connector. 8 clause mesti ada - connector. begitupun seterusnya. 8. , the outermost layer o/ skin, is about as thick as a sheet o/ paper o)er most o/ the skin. +' 6t is the epidermis +# 6n the epidermis + The epidermis +$ The epidermis is Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3alimat di atas terdapat )erb +is tapi kehilangan subject jadi kita butuh subject. 9awaban yang terdapat subject ialah ', , dan $M pilihan # sudah jelas salah karena terdapat preposition +in yang menandakan the epedermis bukanlah subject. 5ilihan ' dan $ kemudian salah karena terdapat lagi )erb di dalamnya. 9adi jawaban paling tepat ialah . 5rinsip* Setiap kalimat bahasa 6nggris mesti terdiri dari minimal & clause +subject > )erb. 9ika terdapat - clause maka mesti ada & connector. 8 clause mesti ada - connector. begitupun seterusnya. !!R Cthe outermost layer o/ skinC bukanlah subject kalimat melainkan penjelas dari suject sebelumnya. 5enjelas semacam ini biasa disebut dg nama Cappositi)eC =. $uring the 5recambrian period, the Earths crust /ormed, and li/e in the seas. +' /irst appeared +# /irst to appear + is /irst appearing +$ appearing Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3ita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector +and* clause & +the Earths crust /ormed, dan clause ke dua kehilangan )erb, hanya terlihat subject +li/e. Olehnya kita butuh )erb untuk melengkapi clause -. Secara structure, yang memungkinkan ialah pilihan ' dan . "anya dilihat dari tense +waktu dan makna maka yang sangat sesuai ialah pilihan '. ?. %hen /luid accumulates against the eardrum, a second more insidious type o/ +' otitis media may de)elop +# de)eloping otitis media + the de)elopment o/ otitis media +$ to de)elop otitis media Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3ita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector +when* clause & +/luid accumulates, dan clause ke dua kehilangan )erb, hanya terlihat subject +a second more insidious type. Olehnya kita butuh )erb untuk melengkapi clause -. "anya pilihan ' yang memenuhi syarat. . #e/ore the Statue o/ Liberty arri)ed in the Jnited States, newspapers in)ited the public to help determine where placed a/ter its arri)al. +' should the statue be +# the statue being + it should be the statue +$ the statue should be Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3ita lihat terdapat 8 clause yang ditandai adanya - connector +be/ore dan connector +where* clause & +the Statue o/ Liberty arri)ed, clause - +newspapers in)ited, dan clause ke 8 kehilangan subject dan helping )erb, hanya terlihat past participle +placed. Olehnya kita butuh subject dan helping )erb untuk melengkapi clause 8. "anya pilihan ' yang memenuhi syarat. "elping )erb* be +is, are, am, be, been, modals +can, could, must, dll, ha)e +ha)e, has, had, do +do, does, did G. ' stock at an in/lated price is called a watered stock.
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+' issued +# is issued + it is issued +$ which issued Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3ita lihat kalimat diatas terdapat & clause yang lengkap* subject +' stock dan )erb +is called. 9adi kita tidak membutuhkan lagi subject atau pun )erb lainnya kecuali jika terdapat connector. 5ilihan # dan terdapat )erb namun tidak disertai dengan connector sehingga salah. 5ilihan $ terdapat connector tapi tidak terdapat )erb, hanya terlihat past participle +issued yang butuh helping )erb. Sehingga pilihan yang tepat ialah pilihan '. H. 'cidic la)a /lows readily and tends to co)er much larger areas, while basic la)a . +' )iscous +# is more )iscous + more )iscous +$ it is more )icious Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3ita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector +while* clause & +'cidic la)a /lows readily and tends, dan clause ke dua kehilangan )erb, hanya terlihat subject +basic la)a . Olehnya kita butuh )erb untuk melengkapi clause -. 5ilihan ' dan sudah jelas salah karena tidak terdapat )erb. 5ilihan $ salah karena terdapat subject lagi +double subject. 9adi pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan #. :. Seismic re/lections pro/iling has the ocean /loor is underlain by a thin layer o/ nearly transparent sediments. +' re)eal that +# re)ealed that + the re)elation o/ +$ re)ealed about Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 5resent 5er/ect* has > )erb 666 9awaban $ salah karena terdapat preposition +about. Object dari preposition mesti berbentuk noun sementara kalimat di atas terdiri dari clause +the ocean /loor is underlain. &;. and terri/ying, coral snakes can grow to = /eet +&.- meters in length. +' They are extremely poisonous +# The poison is extreme + Extremely 5oisonous +$ 'n extreme amount o/ poison Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 5arallel structure* Extremely poisonous +adjecti)e > terri/ying +adjecti)e &&. The lea)es o/ the white mulberry pro)ide /ood /or silkworms, silk /abrics are wo)en. +' whose cocoons +# /rom cocoons + whose cocoons are /rom +$ /rom whose cocoons Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3alimat di atas terdapat dua clause tanpa connector* clause & +The lea)es o/ the white mulberry pro)ide dan clause - +silk /abrics are wo)en. 9adi yang kita butuhkan ialah connector untuk menghubungkan dua clause. 9awaban yg paling sesuai ialah piliha $. &-. 's in 7reek and Poman mythology, harpies were /right/ul monsters that were hal/ woman and hal/ bird. +' described +# to describe + description +$ describing Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 's described in 7reek and Poman mythology +sebagaimana digambarkan dalam mitos Poman dan 4unani
50
&8. ot only generate energy, but it also produces /uel /or other /ission reactors. +' a nuclear breeder reactor +# it is a nuclear breeder reactor + does a nuclear breeder reactor +$ is a nuclear breeder reactor Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 5arallel structure in paired conjunction +not only ... but also * ot only +clause > but also +clause 3ita lihat di bagian but also sudah terdapat clause, maka kita perlu clause untuk bagian not only. $i clause bagian not only sudah terdapat )erb +generate makanya kita perlu subject. Otomatis jawabn # dan salah karena terdapat )erb lagi. 5ilihan yang tepat ialah pilihan . 3ita menggunakan does karena kalimat ini berbentuk in)ersion in +pembalikan* ( > Subject. 5erhatikan bentuk in)ersiaon pada kalimat pertanyaan +Duestion. &=. $.%. 7ri//ith pioneered many o/ the stylistic /eatures and /ilmmaking techniDues as the "ollywood standard. +' that established +# that became established + what established +$ what became established Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 'djecti)e clause* yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan benda ialah CthatC bukan what. 5ilihan ' salah karena that langsung ketemu established +kehilangan helping )erb. 5ilihan ' benar jika berbentuk Cthat was establishedC. &?. be needed, the water basin would need to be dammed. +' "ydroelectric power should +# %hen hydroelectric power + "ydroelectric power +$ Should hydroelectric power Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 6n)ersion in conditional sentence. 3alimat aslinya ialah C6/ hydroelectric power should be needed, the water basin would need to be dammedC.
% 'ndy %arhol was in the 5op 'rt mo)ement who was known /or his multi!image silk! screen paintings. +' that one o/ a leading /igure +# a leading /igure + leading /igures +$ who leads /igures Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 'ndy %arhol merupakan seorang /igur terkenal +a leading /igure. Tips0 $i soal kita bisa identi/ikasi ada - clause* &. And$ 4ar#ol was in the 5op 'rt mo)ement -. (#o was known /or his multi!image silk!screen paintings. lauseke dua kita lihat sudah lengkap +terdiri dari su&jek dan kata kerja jadi sudah tidak ada masalah. lause pertama kita lihat terdapat subjek dan kata kerja yang belum lengkap. $ari pilihan yang ada ada dua kemungkinan jawaban yang benar sesuai structure* jawaban # dan jawaban . Leading ber/ungsi sebagai kata si/at bukan kata kerja jadi sangat jelas jawabannya ialah #. Soal ini juga mudah dijawab dengan menggunakan sistem pemaknaan. -. E)en with )ast research, there is still a great deal that is known about the workings o/ the human brain. +' neither +# none + no +$ not
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Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 not > )erb. 8. the Jnited States consists o/ many di//erent immigrant groups, many sociologists belie)e there is a distinct national character. +' 6n spite o/ +# $espite + E)en though +$ %hether Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* yang kita butuhkan ialah connector kalimat +pilihan jawaban . Tips* $i soal terdapat dua clause* &. the Jnited States consists o/ many di//erent immigrant groups, -. many sociologists belie)e there is a distinct national character. 3ita lihat terdapat dua clause yang lengkap +terdiri dari su&jet dan )erb. 9adi yang kita butuhkan hanyalah konektor untuk menghubungkan ke dua clause di ata. Prinsip* 9ika dua clause maka kita butuh & connector untuk menghubungkannya* jika 8 clause maka kita butuh - connector dan begitu seterusnya. $ari pilihan jawaban hanya pilihan $ dan yang merupakan connector. Sementara pilhan ' dan # merupakan preposition. $ari segi makna sangat jelas pilihan jawabannya ialah . =. Typically in meadows or damp woods and bloom in the spring. +' wild )iolets grow +# wild )iolets growth + growing wild )iolets +$ the growth o/ wild )iolets Prinsip0 Setiap kalimat mesti mempunyai minimal & kombinasi su&jet dan)erb. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* $i soal di atas tidak terdapata subject dan )erb. 9adi kita butuhkan subject dan )erb. $ari pilihan jawaban hanya pilihan jawaban ' yang mempunyai su&jet +(ild violets dan )erb +grows. ?. The art works o/ 0adlyn!'nn %oolwich are characteriIed by strong, dark colors and /ine attention to patterns o/ light the )iewer to +relate merupakan transiti)e )erb yang membutuhkan object jadi tidak boleh ada to menghalangi. 4ang cocok ialah related > to +related tomerupakan phrase yang sangat umum digunakan. G. %oodrow %ilson as go)ernor o/ ew 9ersey be/ore he was elected 5resident o/ the Jnited States in &:&-. +' to ha)e ser)ed +# who has ser)ed + ser)ing +$ ser)ed
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Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 $ari soal di atas kita bisa identi/ikasi terdapat dua clause dan & connector +be/ore. &. %oodrow %ilson as go)ernor o/ ew 9ersey -. he was elected 5resident o/ the Jnited States in &:&-. 3ita lihat bahwa clause & kehilangan )erb, jadi kita butuh )erb dan di pilihan jawaban hanya pilihan $ yang menyediakan )erb +utama. H. /ish in 7reat Salt Lake, but its waters do contain small brine shrimp. +' %hy no +# o + ot only +$ There are no Prinsip* 9ika dua clause maka kita butuh & connector untuk menghubungkannya* jika 8 clause maka kita butuh - connector dan begitu seterusnya :. 'n etude is a short musical composition written especially a particular techniDue. +' enable students practicing +# enables students practicing + enable students to practice +$ to enable students to practice 5embahasa 9awaban* subject dan )erb sudah terdapat pada soal jadi kita hanya butuh pelengkap +complement tidak butuh lagi )erb +utama . $i pilihan ', #, dan terdapat )erb +utama. To in/initi)e +to enable merupakan contoh sebuah complement. &;. Seldom games been o/ practical use in playing real games. +' theories o/ mathematics +# theoriIed as mathematics + has the mathematical theory o/ +$ the mathematical theory has Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 6n)ersion +pembalikan. Subject > (erb !!!R (erb > Subject. Seldom +negati)e expression merupakan sala satu karakteristik dari bentuk in)ersion. &&. The city o/ 3alamaIoo, 0ichigan, deri)es its name /rom a ati)e 'merican word 2 @bubbling springs.B +' meant +# meaning + that it meant +$ whose meaning Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* present participle &-. 9et propulsion in)ol)es o/ air and /uel, which /orms a power/ul exhaust. +' a mixture o/ ignited +# to ignite a mixture + a mixture o/ igniting +$ the ignition o/ a mixture Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 in)ol)es > object +noun. Jntuk lebih mudah perhatikan kata o/ !! noun > o/. &8. Salt is manu/actured in Duantities that exceed those o/ most 2 other commercial chemicals. +' o/ all not +# not i/ all are + are not all
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+$ i/ not all Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Soal ini mempunyai dua klausa yang telah dilebur menjadi &. &. Salt is manu/actured in Duantities that exceed those o/ most other commercial chemicals. -. Salt is manu/actured in Duantities that exceed all o/ most other commercial chemicals. Soal ini juga dengan mudah bisa dijawab dengan menggunakan pendekatan makna translation. &=. The Jnited States consists o/ /i/ty states, ! has its own go)ernment. +' each o/ which +# each they + they each +$ each o/ Pem&a#asan 'a(&an* 'djeti)e clause !!R ea# o" (#i# yang menjelaskan states. &?. Though smaller than our solar system, a Duasar, which looks like an ordinary star, emits more light galaxy. +' than an entire +# entirely as + that the entire +$ entirely than Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* comparison degree !!!!R dapat diketahui dari /rasa more light 2. &. The ancestors o/ the horse li)ed ..... and were about hal/ a meter tall. +' years ago ; million +# ; million years ago + ago ; million years +$ million years ago ; -. The museum on Ellis 6sland, a /ormer immigration station, contains documents and arti/acts......to /our centuries o/ Jnited States immigration. +' related them +# related + related that +$ be related 8. , particularly the oxides o/ sul/ur, greatly increases the rate at which rust /orms. +' The presence o/ air pollutants +# 'ir pollutants are present + #ecause the presence o/ air pollutants +$ 'ir pollutants whose presence =. The Sun, the 0oon, and Earth ha)e magnetic /ields, and e)idence that the stellar that extend through )ast regions galaxies ha)e /ields o/ space. +' which is +# is + because +$ There is ?. The @con/ederation schoolB poets o/ nineteenth!century anada were primarily nature poets, a wealth o/ eulogies to anadian rural li/e. +' and producing +# who they produced + producing +$ whose production o/ . Since prehistoric people /irst applied natural pigments to ca)e walls, ha)e painted to express themsel)es. +' when artists +# artists
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+ artists who +$ that artists G. 'bout =- million bushels o/ oats are used annually manu/acture o/ break/ast /oods in the Jnited States. +' the +# is the + in the +$ to H. 'ny acid can, in principle, neutraliIe any base, although between some o/ the more reacti)e compounds. +' side reactions can occur +# the occurrence o/ side reactions can + can side reactions occur +$ side reactions that can occur :. 9ust o)er two!thirds o/ Earth
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+$ O)er
3 Pembahasan Jawaban =. umber &* +# ; million years ago !!!!!!!!!!!R the simple one* 8 years ago. ?. umber -* +# related !!!!!!!!!!!R arti/acts related to /our centuries o/ Jnited States immigration. !!!!!!!!!!!R PE$JT6O 6 '$9ET6(E L'JSE* arti/acts +T"'T 'PE related to /our centuries o/ Jnited States immigration. 6. umber 8* +' The presence o/ air pollutants !!!!!!!!!!!!R 06SS67 SJ#9ET umber =* +$ there is !!!!!!!!!!!!R 8 L'JSES The Sun, the 0oon, and Earth ha)e magnetic /ields. There is e)idence that the stellar ha)e /ields o/ space. The stellar that extend through )ast regions galaxies +$ependent clause* adjecti)e clause. umber ?* + producing !!!!!!!!!!!!R PE$JT6O 6 '$9ET6(E L'JSE !!!!!!!!!!!!R nature poets, producing a wealth o/ eulogies to anadian rural li/e. !!!!!!!!!!!!R nature poets, who produced a wealth o/ eulogies to anadian rural li/e . +# artists !!!R The sentence needs ' SJ#9ET G. + in the !!R SJ#9ET* 'bout =- million bushels o/ oats !!R (EP#* are used !!R '$(EP#* annually !!R '$(EP#* in the manu/acture o/ break/ast /oods in the Jnited States. H. +' side reactions can occur !!R The sentence reDuires a SJ#9ET > (EP# umber :* + and !!!!!!!!!!R - clauses EE$S a connector. umber &;* +' that almost compel one !!!!!!!!!!R '$9ET6(E L'JSE umber &&* +# to be !!!!!!!!!!R 6F66T6(E (S 7erund umber &-* + thin bands o/ scar tissue !!!!!!!!!!!R 06SS67 O05LE0ET umber &8* +# as /ar !!!!!!!!!!!!R as > adjecti)ead)erb > as umber &=* + did
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!!!!!!!!!!!!R 6n)ersion umber &?* +# There are o)er !!!!!!!!!!!!R The sentence reDuires a SJ#9ET > (EP# M Soal TOEFL Struture dan Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an &.The musical comedy Oklahoma did much to expand the potential o/ the musical stage, and it encouraged others to attempt...... +aoriginal themes +bto original themes +cthat were original themes +dhow original themes Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 attempt 2T- 1 .oun !!R Attempt 2transitive ver&!!R Attempt 1 to in"initive pilihan # salah karena to original themes bukan to in/initi)e. -.$espite its /ishlike /orm, the whale is......and will drown i/ submerged too long. +aan animal breathes air that +ban animal that breathes air +can animal breathes air +dthat an animal breathes air Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Adjetive Clause 8.The saguaro ,/ound in desert regions in the southwestern Jnited States ,......cactus in the world. +ais the largest +bthe largest +cthat is the largest +dthe largest that is a Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Superlative Degree =. 6t is said that Jnited Stales literature indi)iduality and identity in the twentieth century, a/ter long imitation o/ European models. +awas achie)ed +bachie)ed +cto achie)e +dachie)ing Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Su&jet 1 6er& 2Sentenes (it# Multiple Clause 7.oun Clause?. Lucy Stone, /irst /eminists in the Jnited States, helped organiIe the 'merican %oman Su//rage 'ssociation in &H:. +athe one +bwho was the +canother +done o/ the Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 one o" t#e 1 plural nouns 8 Appositive . , including climate, mineral content, and the permanency o/ sur/ace water, wetlands may be mossy ,grassy , scrubby, or wooded. +a$epending on many /actors +b0any /actors depending on +cFactors depending on many +dOn many /actors depending Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Sentenes (it# one lause 7Su&jet 1 6er& 4ang menjadi subject adalah gerund dan )erb adalah may be +G $uke Ellingtons orchestra, his own o/ten complex compositions, made many inno)ations in jaII. +ahe played +bplaying
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+cthat it played +dwas playing Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Present Partiiple 2Adjetive- 8 ,edution in Adjetive Clause +H The term Cice ageC re/ers to any o/ se)eral periods o/ time when glaciers co)ered considerably more o/ Earths sur/ace . +aas is today +bthan today is +cthan they do today H. +dthat today 9. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Comparative degree +:From colonial times ,Jnited States property owners agreed to tax themsel)es on the theory......directly /rom ser)ices that the go)ernment could pro)ide. +aproperty owners bene/ited so that +bwhy property owners bene/ited +cthat i/ property owners bene/ited +dthat property owners bene/ited Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Adjetive Clause +&;"elium is not /lammable and, next to hydrogen, is...... +aknown the lightest gas +blightest the known gas +cthe lightest gas known +dthe known gas lightest Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Superlative 9 Past partiiple +&&%ild eagles that sur)i)e to adulthood are belie)ed....../rom -; to 8; years. +ali)e +bto li)e +cthey li)e +dtheir li)ing Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Sentenes (it# multiple lause 8 ver& 1 to invinitive +&-5ortland, ......, is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas o)erlooking asco #ay and its many island. +awhich 0aines largest city +b0aines largest city where +cis 0aines largest city +d0aines largest city Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Appositive &8.......widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass industry. +a$espite +b%hether +cThough +dExcept /or Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 ,edution in adver&ial lause &=.ells, /irst identi/ied by the early microscopists, began to be considered ...... in the nineteenth century. +athem as microcosm o/ li)ing organisms +bthe microcosm o/ li)ing organisms
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+cthe microcosm o/ li)ing organisms to be +das which ,the microcosm o/ li)ing organisms Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 Consider 1 noun 1 noun8adjetive Conto# lain0 6 consider you an excellent student. !!R an excellent student +noun 6 consider you intelligent. !!R intelligent +adjecti)e &?.Like 9upiter, Saturn is a large, gaseous planet composed......o/ hydrogen and helium. +ait is mostly +bmostly +calmost +dboth are almost Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* composed > mostly o/ &. O)er the centuries, that try to explain the origins o/ the uni)ersity. +' although many theories +# many theories + ha)e many theories been +$ there ha)e been many theories Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* Langkah &* that try to explain the origins o/ the uni)ersity merupakan adjecti)e clause. 'djecti)e clause menjelaskan noun yang letaknya sebelum adjecti)e clause itu sendiri. 9adi sebelum adjecti)e clause di atas mesti ada noun yang dijelaskan. 5ilihan sudah jelas salah karena bukan noun yang sebelum adjecti)e clause tapi been. Langkah -* 3alimat di atas terdapat & clause that try to explain the origins o/ the uni)ersity yang terdapat connector that yang juga ber/ungsi sebagai subject dari )erb try. 'danya & connector menandakan dalam kalimat tersebut terdapat dua clause. Olehnya yang kita butuhkan dari pilihan jawaban ialah & clause. lause ialah kumpulan kata yang didalamnya terdapat subject dan )erb. 5ilihan ' dan # bukanlah clause. 9adi pilihan yang tepat ialah pilihan $. -. The planet (enus is almost exactly the same siIe and mass Earth, with a similar interior, including a nickel!iron core. +' to +# as + is +$ than Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* the same > as 8. 7eorge %ashington ar)er international /ame /or re)olutioniIing agriculture research in the southern Jnited States during the early twentieth century. +' won +# winning + who has won +$ the winner o/ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3alimat di atas kehilangan )erb jadi kita butuh )erb. =. onstituting one o/ the earliest engineering techniDues, in 5aleolithic time was done in order to extend natural ca)es. +' tunnels were built +# which built tunnels + the building o/ tunnels +$ tunnels whose building Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 3alimat di atas buuth subject. (erb dari kalimat di atas ialah was
59
done. ?. The tulip tree is nati)e to the eastern Jnited States, the tallest and largest broadlea/ tree. +' where +# where it is + it is where +$ is where Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* where it is the tallest and largest broadlea/ tree merupakan adjecti)e clause yang menjelaskan noun sebelumnya the eastern Jnited States. . Elementary schools in the Jnited states pro)ide /ormal education arithmetic, science, social science, and communication skills that including reading, writing, spelling, and speaking. +' such subjects as basic in +# as basic subjects in such + in such basic subjects as +$ as in such basic subjects Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* pasangan kata yang benar ialah such as bukan as such . 9adi pilihan # dan $ sudah jelas salah. 6ngat pola noun phrase +adjecti)e > noun. 3ita lihat dipilihan jawaban ada kata basic +adjecti)e dan subjects +noun. 'ntara ' dan hanya yang memnuhi syarat pola noun phrase +adj. > noun. G. land and money enabled construction o/ the Jnion 5aci/ic railroad to begin /rom ouncil #lu//s, 6owa, in &H?. +' #y the go)ernment granting o/ +# 7o)ernment grants o/ + For the go)ernment to grant +$ 7o)ernment grants so that Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 4ang dibutuhkan dari kalimat di atas ialah subject. (erb nya ialah enabled. H. 'ppointments to the Jnited States Supreme ourt and all lower /ederal courts by the 5resident with the ad)ice and consent o/ the Senate. +' making +# to make + are made +$ ha)e made Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* Terdapat by jawabannya mesti passi)e are made. :. The name @sDuirrelB is commonly used /or those /orms o/ the /amily Sciuridae that li)e in trees, it is eDually accurate /or ground dwelling types. +' whether +# that + although +$ in spite o/ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 'da dua clause. lause & U The name @sDuirrelB is commonly usedM lause - U it is eDually accurate. Jntuk menghubungkan ke dua clause di atas kita butuh connector. onnector yang tepat ialah although +pilihan &;. 7reen plants combine with water and carbon dioxide to make /ood. +' energy deri)ed /rom light +# energy, deri)ed it /rom light
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+ energy is deri)ed /rom light +$ /rom light, and energy deri)ed Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* kalimat di atas sudah terdapat subject dan )erb jadi kita tinggal butuh object. 5ilihan sudah salah karen terdapat clause tanpa connector +tidak bisa jadi object. 5ilihan $ salah karena terdapat /rom !!R combine > noun tanpa /rom. 5ilihan # salah karen deri)ed menjelaskan energy jadi tidak lagi butuh it. 0ateri ini masuk dalam topik 'djecti)e lause +Peduction atau juga 5ast 5articiple &&. From the archeologist
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ontoh* 0ost o/ the students li)e with host /amilies. 0ost o/ students li)e with host /amilies. +Salah karena tanpa determiner -. &ost digunakan sebelum plural noun yang tidak mempunyai determiner atau pronoun di depannya ontoh* 0ost students li)e with host /amilies. 0ost o/ students li)e with host /amilies. #e/ore a plural noun that does not ha)e a determiner or pronoun in /ront o/ it, dont say most o/, just say most * $ari penjelasan di atas sudah jelas bahwa pilihan # dan tidak sesuai pada kalimat. 5ilihan $ salah karena jika menggunakan bentuk of the most itu bearti akan ada beberapa benda hal yang di!list dan biasanya ditandai dengan koma. $i atas tidak ada tanda!tanda adanya yang di!list. ontohM O/ the se)en students, 'nto is the best one at speaking English. &. 'mong the =?; artworks in the %hite "ouse art collection +' as is 0ary assatt
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?. 0ost tangerine trees and their /lowers and /ruits resemble the orange, although tangerines are generally smaller. +' o/ those +# which o/ those + those o/ +$ which are o/ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* resemble ialah intransiti)e )erb +kata kerja butuh object. 9adi resemble langsung ketemu those sebagai object. . Ohio, the center o/ the "opewen culture, has the greatest concentration o/ ancient burial mounds in the Jnited States. +' called +# what is called + that is called +$ is called Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* setelah o/ mesti noun. what is called meruapakan noun clause. G. , such as jaII, are o/ten played /rom memory rather than /rom a written score. +' O/ some types music +# 0usic some o/ types + Some types o/ music +$ Types o/ music some Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* yang dibutuhkan ialah subject kalimat H. $uring the &H?;<, re/orm mo)ements temperance and the abolition o/ sla)ery gained strength in the Jnited States. +' ad)ocating +# they had ad)ocated + to ad)ocating +$ to ad)ocate when Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* ad)ocating temperance and the abolition o/ sla)ery merupaka adjecti)e yang menjelaskan memberi in/ormasi tambahan terkait re/orm mo)ements.
:. 0any meteorites are thought to ha)e originated /rom that once existed between the orbits o/ 0ars and 9upiter. +' where a planet or planets +# a planet or planets so + which a planet or planets +$ a planet or planets Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* that once existed between the orbits o/ 0ars and 9upiter merupakan adjecti)e clause yang menandakan adanya noun yang dijelaskan sebelumnya. &;.The modem automobile is a composed o/ more than &=,;;; parts. +' complex technical system +# system o/ complex technical + complex technical system that +$ system is technically complex Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* article a menandakan adanya noun setelahnya. Selain itu composed o/ more than &=,;;; parts merupakan adjecti)e yang menandakan adanya noun debelumnya. &&. o)er &;; years since the in)ention o/ the sDuare!bottomed paper bag. +' ow is +# ow it has + There is now +$ 6t is now Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 4ang dibutuhkan ialah subject dan )erb. dari pilihan jawaban yang paling sesuai dg kalimat ialaha 6t is now.
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&-.The no)elist 9ohn $os 5assos de)eloped a style o/ /iction incorporating se)eral documentary de)ices to his works. +' lent realism +# that lending realism + to lend realism +$ o/ whose realism lent Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* de)eloped > to lend (erb > to > )erb (erb > gerund +)erb ing &8. 6n Earth possible > sth +noun &?. "ares generally ha)e longer ears and hind legs than rabbits and mo)e by jumping running +' rather to be +# rather than + are rather +$ as rather Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* rather than U +dibanding. $igunakan untuk perbandingan
&. 0any scientists belie)e as a result o/ a collision between the newly /ormed Earth and a large asteroid. '. that the 0oon was /ormed #. in that the 0oon was /ormed . that the 0oon /ormed was $. when the 0oon was /ormed %uni 'a(a&an* '. that the 0oon was /ormed -. The organ!pipe cactus is in the Jnited States. '. Pare that #. 6t rare . so that rare $. rare %uni 'a(a&an* $. rare 8. %illa ather,, gained recognition /or her books concerning the 'merican /rontier. '. a no)elist and 5ulitIer priIewinning
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#.a 5ulitIer priIewinning no)elist .a 5ulitIer priIewinning no)elist who $.was a 5ulitIer priIewinning no)elist %uni 'a(a&an* #. a 5ulitIer priIewinning no)elist =. The a)erage wa)elength o/ )isible light is -,;;; times the diameter o/ an atom. '. much as #. as great . greater than $. more than that %uni 'a(a&an* . greater than ?. ants li)e in nests, which may be located in the ground, under a rock, or built abo)e ground and may be made o/ twigs, sand, or gra)el. '. 0ost #. The most o/ . 0ost o/ $. O/ the most %uni 'a(a&an* '. 0ost . The banking systems o/ the world ha)e many similarities, they also di//er, sometimes in Duite material respects. '. o/ which #. in spite o/ . but $. how %uni 'a(a&an* . but G. Learning that takes place in in/ancy pro)ides the /or the e)entual trans/ormation o/ a child into an adult. '. /oundation is necessary #. necessary /oundation is . necessary in the /oundation $. /oundation necessary %uni 'a(a&an* $. /oundation necessary H. 6n the late &:8;
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&&. The classic 'merican no)el 0oby $ick an account o/ the con/lict between human beings and their /ate. '. may be regarded as #. as may be regarded . regarded as may be $.regarded may as be %uni 'a(a&an* '. may be regarded as &-. 6n the metals industry, hydrogen is used to pre)ent metals /rom tarnishing while undergoing . '. treated by heat #. heat treatments . by heat treatments $. heat!treated %uni 'a(a&an* #. heat treatments
&.
6n the late &:G;
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. the beginning o/ in/lation $. did the beginning o/ in/lation Pem&a#asan* 'd)erb clause !!R kehilangan subject V )erb G.The basis premise behind all agricultural production is a)ailable the riches o/ the soil /or human consumption. '. to be made #. the making . making is $. to make Pem&a#asan* to in/initi)e !!R be +is, are, am, was, were > to in/. H.to the Jnited States "ouse o/ Pepresentati)es in &G:&, athaniel 0acon remained in o//ice until &H&?. '. Election #. %hy he was elected . Elected $. %ho was elected Pem&a#asan* 5ast 5articiple Peduction in 'djecti)e lause :. o/ classical ballet in the Jnited States began around &H8;. '. To teach #. 6s teaching . 6t was taught $. The teaching Pem&a#asan* 3ehilangan Subject. 6ngat .oun 1 o" 1 .oun &;.The uni)erse is estimated between &; billion and -; billion years old. '. being #. to be . which is $. is Pem&a#asan* to in/inti)e &&. ' situation in which an economic market is dominated by a is known as a monopoly. '. single o/ a product seller #. product single o/ a seller . seller o/ a product single $. single seller o/ a product Pem&a#asan* Adjetive +single 1 .oun +seller !!!R .oun 1 o" 1 .oun &-. /reshwater species o/ /ish build nests o/ sticks, stones, or scooped!out sand.. '. 's the many #. O/ the many . 0any $. 0any o/ them are Pem&a#asan* #utuh pelengkap subject. &8.ewspaper publishers in the united states ha)e estimated reads a newspaper e)ery day. '. nearly H; percent o/ the adult population who #. it is nearly H; percent o/ the adult population . that nearly H; percent o/ the adult population who $. that nearly H; percent o/ the adult population Pem&a#asan* oun lause kehilangan subject &=. The /oundation o/ all other branches o/ mathematics is arithmetic, science o/ calculating with numbers. '. is the #. the . which the
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$. because the Pem&a#asan* 'ppositi)e &?.ylon was the human!made /ibers. '. the /irst o/ which #. what the /irst o/ . it the /irst o/ $. the /irst o/ Pem&a#asan* butuh complement ... # dan sudah pasti salah karena kalimat di atas telah memiliki Subject dan (erb +lengkap u & clause. Soal Tes TOEFL
&. aptain "enry, crept slowly through the underbrush. '. being remote /rom the enemy, #. attempting to not encounter the enemy, . trying to a)oid the enemy, $. not in)ol)ing himsel/ in the enemy, -. Tommy was one '. o/ the happy childs o/ his class #. o/ the happiest child in the class . child who was the happiest o/ all the class $. o/ the happiest children in the class 8. he began to make /riends more easily. '. "a)ing entered school in the new city, it was /ound that #. '/ter entering the new school, . %hen he had been entering the new school, $. Jpon entering into the new school, =. 6t is )ery di//icult to stop the culti)ation o/ marijuana because '. it grows )ery carelessly #. or itQs growth without attention . it grows well with little care $. it doesnQt care much to grow ?. The /act that space exploration has increased dramatically in the past thirty '. is an e)idence o/ us wanting to know more o/ our solar system #. indicates that we are )ery eager to learn all we can about our solar system . how we want to learn more about the solar system $. is pointing to e)idence o/ our intention to know a lot more about what is called our solar system . 0any o/ the current international problems we are now /acing '. linguistic incompetencies #. are the result o/ misunderstandings . are because o/ not understanding themsel)es $. lacks o/ the intelligent capabilities o/ understanding each other G. 0r.Poberts is a noted chemist '. as well as an e//ecti)e teacher #. and too a )ery e//icient teacher . but he teaches )ery good in addition $. howe)er he teaches )ery good also
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H. 5ublic tele)ision stations are di//erent /rom commercial stations '. because they recei)e money di//erently and di//erent types o/ shows #. /or money and program types . in the areas o/ /unding and programming $. because the /ormer recei)es money and has programs di//erently /rom the latter :. 0anu/acturers o/ten sacri/ice Duality ! '. /or a larger pro/it margin #. in place o/ to earn more money . to gain more Duantities o/ money $. and instead earn a bigger amount o/ pro/it &;. 'utomobile production in the Jnited States '. ha)e taken slumps and rises in recent years #. has been rather erratic recently . has been erratically lately $. are going up and down all the time &&. ' major problem in the construction o/ new buildings '. is that windows ha)e been eliminates while air conditioning systems ha)e not been per/ected #. is they ha)e eliminated windows and still dont ha)e good air conditioning . is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners dont work good $. is dependent on the /act that while they ha)e eliminated windows, they are not capable to produce e//icient air conditioning systems &-.9ohn said that no other car could go '. so /ast like his car #. as /ast like his car . as /ast like the car o/ him $. as /ast as his car &8. "er grades ha)e impro)ed, but only '. in a small amount #. )ery slightly . minimum $. some &=. %hile attempting to reach his home be/ore the storm, '. the bicycle o/ 9ohn broke down #. it happened that 9ohns bike broke down . the storm caught 9ohn $. 9ohn had an accident on his bicycle &?. The changes in this city ha)e occurred '. with swi/tness #. rapidly . /astly $. in rapid ways
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Kunci dan Pembahasan Jawaban
&. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* sangat mudah dipahami dari pendekatan makna -. $ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* one o/ the > plural nouns +children 8. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. "a)ing entered school in the new city, it was /ound that !!R it mengarah ke manaA #. '/ter entering the new school, . %hen he had been entering the new school, !!R penggunaan tense yg tidak tepat $. Jpon entering into the new school, !!R enter 1 noun =. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. it grows )ery carelessly !!R arelessl$ #an$a digunakan untuk animal dan people #. or itQs growth without attention !!R its !!!R its . it grows well with little care $. it doesnQt care much to grow !!R kata care megacu ke perasaan yang seharusnya tidak ditujukan ke tumbuhan marijuana ?. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. is an e)idence o/ us wanting to know more o/ our solar system !!R our wanting +masuk di materi gerund #. indicates that we are )ery eager to learn all we can about our solar system . how we want to learn more about the solar system !!R jika ini digunakan maka kalimat tidak lengkap tanpa )erb utama $. is pointing to e)idence o/ our intention to know a lot more about what is called our solar system !!R terlalu bertele!tele . # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. linguistic incompetencies !!R kalimat yg /ragmen #. are the result o/ misunderstandings . are because o/ not understanding themsel)es !!R themsel)es mengarah ke manaA $. lacks o/ the intelligent capabilities o/ understanding each other !!R makna tidak sesuai G. ' Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. as well as an e//ecti)e teacher #. and too a )ery e//icient teacher !!R too mestinya also . but he teaches )ery good in addition !!R teaches well $. howe)er he teaches )ery good also !!R teaches well H. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. because they recei)e money di//erently and di//erent types o/ shows !!R salah pemilihan kata #. /or money and program types !!!R salah pemilihan kata
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. in the areas o/ /unding and programming $. because the /ormer recei)es money and has programs di//erently /rom the latter !!R di//erent /rom :. ' Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. /or a larger pro/it margin #. in place o/ to earn more money !!R o" 1 noun . to gain more Duantities o/ money !!R salah makna kalimat tidak membahas Duantities o/ money $. and instead earn a bigger amount o/ pro/it !!R bigger umum digunakan dalam situasi in/ormal &;. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* &;. 'utomobile production in the Jnited States '. ha)e taken slumps and rises in recent years !!R ha)e +plural #. has been rather erratic recently . has been erratically lately !!R &een ver& 2linking ver&- 1 adver& $. are going up and down all the time !!R are +plural &&. ' Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* '. is that windows ha)e been eliminates while air conditioning systems ha)e not been per/ected #. is they ha)e eliminated windows and still dont ha)e good air conditioning !!R they mengarah keA . is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners dont work good !!R work well $. is dependent on the /act that while they ha)e eliminated windows, they are not capable to produce e//icient air conditioning systems !!R capable > o/ > )erb!ing &-. $ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* eDual comparison !!R as 333 as &8. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* improved > ad)erb +)ery slightly &=. $ Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* ,edution in adver&ial lause !!R while 'o#n was attempting to reach his home be/ore the storm, 'o#n had an accident on his bicycle 5rinsip* clause yang bisa di reduksi hanyalah klausa yang mempunyai subjek sama &?. # Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an0 #ave ourred 1 adver& +rapidly
Soal Tes TOEFL
&. The attorney told his client that '. They had little chance o/ winning the case. #. The case was o/ a small chance to win . 6t was nearly impossible to win him the case. $. The case had a minimum chance to be won by him. -. One o/ the pro/essor
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8. The bank sent a notice to its customers which contained '. a remembrance that interest rate were to raise the /ollowing month #. a reminder that a raise in interest rates was the month /ollowing . to remember that interest rates were going up next month $. a reminder that interest rates would rise the /ollowing month. =. was the day be/ore yesterday. '. The France
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#. the same amount also . another /i/ty $. more /i/ty dollars &-. The people at the party were worried about 9anet because no one was aware she had gone. '. where that #. o/ where . o/ the place where $. the place &8. Fred
Kunci Jawaban
&. ' -. $ 8. $ =. $ ?. # . G. # H. $ :. # &;. $ &&. &-. #
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&8. ' &=. &?.
Soal TOEFL 2Struture Test &.
'/ter the /uneral, the residents o/ the apartment building . +a sent /aith/ully /lowers all weeks to the cemetery. +b sent to the cemetery each week /lowers /aith/ully. +c sent /lowers /aith/ully to the cemetery each week. +d sent each week /aith/ully to the cemetery /lowers. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* (erb > Object. $i antara subject dan object tidak boleh ada yang menghalangi. Sent +)erb > /lowers +object -. #ecause the /irst pair o/ pants did not /it properly, he asked /or . +a another pants +c the others one +b other pants +d another pair. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* another pair !!!R the /irst pair o/ pants 5ronoun 5re/erence 8. The committee has met and . +a they ha)e reached a decision. +b it has /ormulated themsel)es some opinions. +c its decision was reached at. +d it has reached a decision. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* it !!R the commitee 5ronoun 5re/erence =. 'l/red adams has not . +a li)ed lonelynessly in times pre)ious. +b ne)er be/ore li)ed sole. +c e)er li)ed alone be/ore. +d be/ore li)ed without the company o/ his /riends. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* Sangat jelas ?. 9ohn
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5ilihan $ salah karena yang dia maksud ialah he will ha)e taught a class G. "a)ing been ser)ed lunch, . +a the problem was discussed by the members o/ the committee. +b the committee members discussed the problem. +c it was discussed by the committee members the problem. +d a discussion o/ the problem was made by the members o/ the committee. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* "a)ing been ser)ed lunch +seusai dihidangkan makan malam 4ang dihidangkan ialah the committee H. Florida has not yet rati/ied the eDual rights amendment, and . +a se)eral other states hasn subject > (erb & murni Subjuncti)e &;. ali/ornia relies hea)ily on income /rom /ruit crops, and . +a Florida also. +c Florida is as well +b Florida too. +d so does Florida Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* 5ola sederhana* so do 6M so does he &&. The pro/essor said that . +a the student can turn o)er their report on the 0onday. +b the report on 0onday could be recei)ed /orm the students by him. +c the students could hand in their reports on 0onday. +d the student will on 0onday the reports turn in. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* said +past !!R could +past &-. This year will be di//icult /or this organiIation because . +athey ha)e less money and )olunteers than they had last year. +b it has less money and /ewer )olunteers than it had last year. +c the last year it did not ha)e as /ew and little )olunteers and money. +d there are /ewer money and )olunteers that in the last year there were. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* it !!R this organiIation &8. The teachers ha)e had some problem deciding . +awhen to the students they shall return the /inal papers. +b when are they going to return to the students the /inal papers. +c when they should return to the /inal papers to the students . +d the time when the /inal papers they should return /or the students. Pem&a#asan 'a(a&an* (erb > object* deciding +)erb > when they should return to the /inal papers to the students +object
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&=. She wanted to ser)e some co//ee to her guestsM howe)er, . +a she hadn has there +negati)e 9ika pernyataan positi/ +> maka pertanyaan negati/ +! 9ika pernyataan positi/ +! maka pertanyaan negati/ +>
Soal TOEFL 2Struture Test >$irections* Wuestion &!&? are incomplete sentences. #eneath each sentence you will see /our words or phrases, marked +', +#, +, and +$. hoose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentences. Then on your answer sheet, /ind the number o/ the Duestion and /ill in the space that corresponds to the letter o/ the answer you ha)e chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the o)al cannot be seen. &. The yclist he crossed the main street +' Looked with caution a/ter. +# "ad looked cautiously be/ore. + %as looked cautions when. +$ looks cautious when. -. "ere notebook and report that 6 promised you last week +' 6s the. +# 're the. + %as the. +$ "as been a. 8. either 9ane nor her brothers a consent /rom /or tomorrows /ield +' eed. +# eeds. + 6s needing. +$ "as need. =. uba is sugar!growing areas in the world +' One o/ the larger. +# One o/ largest. + One o/ the largest. +$ Largest. ?. The skiers would rather through the mountains than go by bus +' To tra)el on train. +# Tra)eled by train. + Tra)el by train. +$ Tra)elling by the train. . That magni/icent temple was constructed by the hinese +' eight!centuries!old.
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Trip
+# Eight!centuries
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+' The others are not. +# 'nother is inexperienced. + The other is not. +$ Other lacks experience.
%uni 'a(a&an Soal TOEFL 2Struture >&.
# -. # 8. ' =. ?. . $ G. ' H. $ :. ' &;. $ &&. &-. $ &8. ' &=. ' &?.
Soal TOEFL 2Struture Test 5$6PET6OS Wuestions & 2 &? are incomplete sentence. #eneath each sentence you will see /our words o/ phrases, marked +', +#, +, and +$. hoose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then on your answer sheet, /ind the number o/ the Duestion and /ill in the space that corresponds to the letter o/ the answer you ha)e chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the o)al cannot be seen. &. a. b. c. d.
6 understand that the go)ernor is considering a new proposal %hat would eliminate unnecessary writing in go)ernment %ho wants to cut down on the amount o/ writing in go)ernment That would eliminate unnecessary paperwork in go)ernment To cause that the amount o/ papers written in go)ernment o//ices will be reduced
-. a. b. c. d.
The doctor told his receptionist that he would return 's early as it would be possible 't the earliest that it could be possible 's soon as possible 't the nearest early possibility
8. a. b. c. d.
7eorge belongs to the lass o/ the upper middle Jpper middle class lass /rom the center up "igh medium class
=. a. b.
' good student must know To study hard To be a good student
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c. d.
"ow to student e//ecti)ely The way o/ e//iciency in study
?. a. b. c. d.
9ane changed her major /rom French to business, %ith hopes to be able easier to locate employment "oping she can easier get a job %ith the hope /or being able to /ind better a job "oping to /ind a job more easily
. a. b. c. d.
"e has recei)ed se)eral scholarships ot only because o/ his artistic but his academic ability For both his academic ability as well as his artistic #ecause o/ his academic and artistic ability 's resulting o/ his ability in the art and the academic
G. a. b. c. d.
"ar)ey will wash the clothes, 6ron the shirt, prepare the meal dusting the /urniture Punning the shirt preparing the meal, and dusting the /urniture 6ron the shirt, prepare the meal, and dusting the /urniture To iron the shirt, prepare the meal, and dust the /urniture
H. a. b. c. d.
that new in/ormation to anyone else but the sergeant. They asked him not to gi)e They asked him to don
:. a. b. c. d.
he would ha)e signed his name in the corner. 6/ he painted that picture 6/ he paints that picture 6/ he had painted that picture 6/ he would ha)e painted that picture
&;. The doctor insisted that his patient a. That he not work too hard /or three months b. Take it easy /or three months c. Taking it easy inside o/ the three months d. To take some )acations /or three months &&. The manager was angry because somebody a. "ad allowed the photographers to enter the building b. "ad let photographers to enter into the building c. 5ermitting the photographers enter the building d. The photographers let into the building without the proper documentations &-. Pichard was asked to withdraw /rom graduate school because a. They belie)ed he was not really able to complete research b. "e was deemed incapable o/ completing his research c. 6t was decided that he was not capable to complete the research d. "is ability to /inish the research was not belie)ed or trusted &8. The committee members resented a. The president that he did not tell them about the meeting
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b. c. d.
The president not to in/orm them o/ the meeting The president
&=. did 'rthur realiIe that there was danger. a. Jpon entering the store b. %hen he entered the store c. '/ter he had entered the store d. Only a/ter entering the store &?. The rabbit scurried away in /right a. %hen it heard the mo)ement in the bushes b. The mo)ement among the bushes ha)ing been heard c. '/ter it was hearing mo)ing inside o/ the bushes d. %hen he has heard that something mo)ed in the bush
%uni 'a(a&an Soal TOEFL 2Struture 5&.
-. 8. # =. ?. $ . G. H. ' :. &;. # &&. ' &-. # &8. &=. $ &?. '
Soal TOEFL 2Struture Test ?$6PET6OS Wuestions & 2 &? are incomplete sentence. #eneath each sentence you will see /our words o/ phrases, marked +', +#, +, and +$. hoose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then on your answer sheet, /ind the number o/ the Duestion and /ill in the space that corresponds to the letter o/ the answer you ha)e chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the o)al cannot be seen.
&. 7eorge did not do well in the class because '. he studied bad #. he was not good studywise . he was a badly student $. he /ailed to study properly -. This uni)ersitys programs those o/ "ar)ard. '. come second a/ter #. are second only to . are /irst except /or
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$. are in second place /rom 8. The more she worked '. the less she achie)ed #. she achie)ed not enough . she did not achie)e enough $. she was achie)ing less =. the best car to buy is a 0ercedes #enI. '. #ecause o/ its durability and economy, #. #ecause it lasts a long time, a it is )ery economical., . #ecause o/ its durability and it is economical, $. #ecause durably and economywise it is better than all the others, ?. %hen "enry arri)ed home a/ter a hard day at work, '. his wi/e was sleeping #. his wi/e slept . his wi/e has slept $. his wi/e has been sleeping . "e ga)e '. to the class s a tough assignment #. the class a tough assignments . a tough assignment /or the class $. an assignment )ery tough to the class G. 5eople all o)er the world are star)ing '. greater in numbers #. in most numbers . more numerously $. in greater numbers H. 6t was not until she arri)ed in class realiIed she had /orgotten her book '. when she #. and she . that she $. She :. 9ohn has not been able to recall where '. does she li)e #. she li)es . did she li)e $. li)ed the girl &;. #en would ha)e studied medicine i/ heto a medical school. '. could be able to enter #. had been admitted . was admitted $. were admitted &&. "e entered a uni)ersity '. when he had sixteen years #. when sixteen years were his age
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. at the age o/ sixteen $. at age sixteen years old &-. The jurors were told to '. talk all they wanted #. make lots o/ expressions . speak /reely $. talk with their minds open &8. Those students do not like to read no)elstest books. '. in any case #. /orgetting about . lea)ing out o/ the Duestion $. much less &=. "elooked /orward to the new )enture. '. eagerly #. with great eagernes . eagernessly $. in a state o/ increasing eagerness &?. The /amilies were told to e)acuate their houses immediately . '. at the time when the water began to go up to #. when the water began to rise . when up was going the water $. in the time when the water raised
%uni 'a(a&an Soal TOEFL 2Struture ?&.
$ -. # 8. ' =. ' ?. ' . # G. $ H. :. # &;. # &&. &-. &8. $ &=. ' &?. # 2. &. The Ei//el Tower 5aris, France. a. landmarks b. is landmarked in c. is a landmark in d. is in a landmark -. 4oung deer . a. are called /awns b. be /awns
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c. is /awns d. are /awns called 8. ot until a dog is se)eral months old does it begin to exhibit signs o/ independence . a. its mother /rom b. /rom mother c. to mother d. /rom its mother =. The Treasury $epartment +a.is take a new look at regulations limiting the +b.number o/ interest that bank and +c.sa)ings, and loan associations +d.can pay on deposits. ?. +a."im should +b.be care/ul with that )ase because +c.it is )ery old +d.and extremely /ragile. . The repair shop +a.keep my cassette player /or six weeks be/ore +b.returning it, +c.ne)ertheless, +d.it still does not work properly. G. To score a goal in soccer you . a. must kick the ball b. must kicks the ball c. may kick them ball d. must kick them balls H. The obser)ation deck at the Sears Tower in hicago. a. is highest than any other one b. is highest than any other one c. is higher than any other one d. is higher that any other one :. 6/ it so cloudy, we would plan on ha)ing the /air outside. a. was b. was not c. weren
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c. Eating too much d. Eating too many &=. 6/ she to ad)ance her clock one hour, she wouldn
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b. as &-,;;; dollars or less. c. at &-,;;; dollars as less d. at &-,;;; dollar or less.
3 %uni 'a(a&an 4. '$'' ''# $$ #'## $'$' &. Fort iagara was built by the French in &G- on land 1.the Seneca 6ndians. a. They buy /rom b. bought /rom c. buying /rom d. was bought /rom -. Soil texture depends on the proportions o/ clay and sand particles, 11soil porosity. a. both alter b. which alter c. where altered d. although altered. 8. The writers o/ the realist mo)ement embraced the notion that art should depict li/e1.. a. accurately and objecti)ely b. accuracy and objecti)ity c. accurate and objecti)e d. accurate objecti)ity =. ' ratio is a comparison o/ 11.whole or a part to another part. a. part to the b. a part to c. a part to the d. the part to the ?. The bones o/ the elderly are more prone to /ractures and splintering 1..o/ young people. a. than that b. than those c. those than d. that than . English and Scottish settlers111..#el/ast as a trading post in &&8. a. they established b. established themsel)es c. established d. establishing G. The /ormulation o/ economic policies necessitates meticulous consideration1..large segments o/ the population. a. because they a//ect b. they are a//ected because c. a//ect them because d. because a//ecting them H. Only1../eathered creatures inhabit the 'rctic region year around. a. /ewer
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b. /ewer than c. as /ew as d. a /ew :. #e/ore Pichard #ennet accepted the appointment as the prime minister o/ anada in &:8;, he1..as a lawyer. a. had achie)ed a success/ul b. had been achie)ed success/ully c. has achie)ed success d. had achie)ed success &;. 7ardeners transplant bushes and /lowers by mo)ing them /rom one place to 1.. a. other b. others c. another d. each other &&. 0useums o/ natural history are ordinarily 11by special interest groups created /or that purpose. a. owned and operated b. they own and operate c. owning and operating d. the owner operates &-. ' surge in the le)el o/ stress111.the recurrence o/ nightmares. a. apparent increase b. apparently increase c. apparently increases d. apparent increase &8. Each bowler 111..in each /rame, unless a strike is bowled. a. rolling the ball twice b. the ball is rolled twice c. rolls the ball twice d. the ball rolls twice &=. %illiam "earst had /i)e sons,11111e)entually became executi)es in the "earts newspaper conglomerate. a. all o/ them b. o/ them all c. all o/ whom d. who o/ all &?. 'n axiomatic assumption in physics holds that all matter has kinetic energy111.motion and mass. a. because its b. because o/ its c. because it is d. because o/ it $6PET6OS* Wuestions &!&? are partial sentences. #elow each sentence you will see /our words or phrases, marked +', +#, +, and +$. Select the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, /ind the number o/ the Duestion you ha)e selected. #lacken
86
the space so that the letter inside the circle does not show. E@AMPLE ! ' $rying /lowers is the best way them. +' to preser)e +# by preser)ing + preser)e +$ preser)ed The sentence should state, C$rying /lowers is the best way to preser)e them.C There/ore, the correct answer is +'. E@AMPLE !! 0any 'merican uni)ersities as small, pri)ate colleges. +' begun +# beginning + began +$ /or the beginning The sentence should state, C0any 'merican uni)ersities began as small, pri)ate colleges.C There/ore, the correct answer is +. '/ter you read the directions, begin work on the Duestions. l. The upper branches o/ the tallest trees produce more lea)es !!!!!!!other branches. +' than do +# than does + than they do +$ than it does -. o one !!!!!!!!!!!projections o/ demographic shi/ts are reliable and will pro)e to be )alid in the /uture. +' know how +# knows whether + knows e)en +$ know who 8. Senior executi)es o/ten recei)e bonuses when their pro/it targets are reached or!!!!!!!!! +' surpass +# surpasses + surpassed +$ surpassing =. Since the &:G;s, riding bicycles......... in the Jnited States. +' becomes increasingly widespread +# become increasingly widely spread + has become increasingly widespread +$ has increased and becomes spread widely ?. "orseradish has extended stems and a large root that is grated ......... a spicy /ood sauce.
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+' to making +# to make + to be made +$ to the making . (itamin ' maintains the sharpness o/ human )ision .........and promotes healthy bones. +' at night +# o/ the night + /or the night +$ nighttime G. ........., o/ten used in childrens poetry and rhymes, are a result o/ words used in ambiguous contexts. +' "umorous and misunderstood +# 0isunderstand humorously + "umorous misunderstandings +$ 0isunderstanding its humor H. 0odern scanning technology enables physicians to identi/y brain disorder earlier ......... than in the past. +' and more accurate +# and more accurately + accurate and more +$ accurately and more :. Educational toys and games gi)e children an opportunity to enjoy themsel)es!!!!!!!!!!!!!!. +' while their learning +# while learning + are they learning +$ and they are learning &;. %illiam "aIlitts essays, written in !!!!!!!!!!! style, appeared between &H-& and &H--. +' )igorously and in/ormally +# )igorous and in/ormally + )igor and in/ormality +$ )igorous and in/ormal &&. %ild hogs inhabited Europe and other parts o/ the world ......... million years ago. +' as long +# as long as + then it was +$ than it was &-. Electrically charged particles exert a magnetic /orce on one another e)en !!!!!!!! not in physical contact. +' i/ there are +# they are + i/ they are +$ are they &8. F. Scott FitIgeralds early literary success led to extra)agant li)ing and !!!!!!!!!! a large income. +' a need /or +# to need /or + needed /or +$ /or he needed &=. %ater /ire extinguishers must ne)er be used /or /ires that in)ol)e!!!!!!!!! +' electrically eDuipped +# eDuipment, electrically + electricity eDuipped +$ electrical eDuipment
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