DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA ENERGÍA Y MECÁNICA
MOTORES DE COMBUSTIÓN INTERNA
TAREA 11–
SISTEMA DE REFRIGERACIÓN
NOMBRE: MAURICIO LÓPEZ
NRC: 1671
FECHA: 201!01!1"
INDICE SISTEMA DE REFRIGERACIÓN RESUMEN................................. ................................................. .................................2 .................2 1# D$% D$%&'& &'&(&) (&)' ' *$ S&+,$-. S&+,$-. *$ R$%/& R$%/&$/ $/.(& .(&)' )' ...............................2 2# F'( F'(&'$+ &'$+ 3 C./.(,$/ C./.(,$/4+,&( 4+,&(.+ .+ *$5 S&+,$ S&+,$-. -. *$ R$%/&$ R$%/&$/.(&) /.(&)' ' .............2 "# F5& F5&* * *$ T/.. T/.. *$ 5+ S&+,$-.+ S&+,$-.+ *$ R$%/&$ R$%/&$/.(& /.(&)': )': L+ R$%/&$ R$%/&$/.', /.',$+ $+ 3 "#1# D$%& D$%&'&(&) '&(&)' ' *$ R$%/ R$%/&$/. &$/.',$ ',$........................................3 "#2# F'( F'(&'$+ &'$+ *$ 5+ 5+ R$%/& R$%/&$/. $/.',$+ ',$+....................................3 "#"# "#" # T&8 T&8+ + *$ R$%/ R$%/&$ &$/.' /.',$+ ,$+............................................3 9# C5.+ C5.+&%&(. &%&(.(&)' (&)' *$ 5+ 5+ S&+,$-. S&+,$-.+ + *$ R$%/ R$%/&$/. &$/.(&)' (&)' .......................4 # S&+ S&+,$,$-. . *$ R$%/& R$%/&$/. $/.(&) (&)' ' 8/ L4& L4&* * .................................5 #1# E+$-. 3 F'(&'.-&$', F'(&'.-&$', *$5 S&+,$-. S&+,$-. *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' 8/ L4&* L4&* . 5 #2# C5.+ C5.+&%&(. &%&(.(&)' (&)' *$ 5+ S&+,$-.+ S&+,$-.+ *$ R$%/&$/. R$%/&$/.(&)' (&)' 8/ L4&* L4&* ........6 #2#1# #2# 1# P/ $5 T&8 *$ *$ C&/( C&/(&, &,........................................6 #2#2# #2# 2# P/ 5. F/-. F/-. *$ C&/(5. C&/(5.(&)' (&)'....................................7 #"# P./, P./,$+ $+ *$5 S&+,$-. S&+,$-. *$ R$%/&$/. R$%/&$/.(&)' (&)' 8/ L4&* L4&* ..................10 #"#1# C.-&+.+ *$ (&5&'*/+ (;-./.+ *$ /$%/&$/.(&)' /$%/&$/.(&)' ...............10 #"#2# #"# 2# C.'. C.'.5&<.( 5&<.(&'$ &'$+ + ................................................11 #"#"# #"# "# M.' M.'$/.+ $/.+ 3 ./.<. ./.<.*$/.+ *$/.+.......................................11 #"#9# #"# 9# B- B-. . *$ C&/(5 C&/(5.(&)' .(&)'..........................................12 #"## #" ## R.* R.*&.* &.*/ /......................................................13 #"#6# #" #6# =$' =$',&5 ,&5.* .*/ /....................................................19 #"#7# #"# 7# E5$( E5$(,/>$ ,/>$',&5 ',&5.*/ .*/.............................................20 #"#?# #"# ?# T$/T$/-(', (',.(, .(,.................................................21 #"#@# #" #@# T$/ T$/-+ -+,., ,., ....................................................22
......................... ...................... .............. I'*&(.*/ *$ T$-8$/.,/. #"#10#................. 24 #"#11#...................................D$8)+&, =.+ *$ E8.'+&)' 25 #"#12#............................................... T$+,& 5-&'+ 26 6# S&+ S&+,$,$-. . *$ R$%/ R$%/&$ &$/.( /.(&)' &)' 8/ A&/$ A&/$...................................26 6#1# C5.+ C5.+&%&(. &%&(.(&)' (&)' *$ 5+ S&+,$-.+ S&+,$-.+ *$ R$%/&$/. R$%/&$/.(&)' (&)' 8/ A&/$ A&/$ ..........27 1
6#1#1# 6#1# 1# R$%/ R$%/&$/. &$/.(&)' (&)' D&/$(, D&/$(,. . .........................................27 6#1#2# 6#1# 2# R$%/ R$%/&$/. &$/.(&)' (&)' F/<.* F/<.*. . .........................................28 6#2# =$', =$',..+ ..+ $ I'('>$'& I'('>$'&$',$+ $',$+ *$ 5. R$%/&$/ R$%/&$/.(&)' .(&)' 8/ 8/ A&/$ ...........29 7# A>$ A>$/4. /4.+ + $' $5 S&+,$S&+,$-. . *$ R$%/& R$%/&$/. $/.(&) (&)' ' ..............................30 ?# M.', M.',$'&-& $'&-&$', $', *$5 S&+,$ S&+,$-. -. *$ *$ R$%/&$ R$%/&$/.(&) /.(&)' ' ..........................31 @# B& &5& 5& / /. .%4 %4. .........................................................32
2
SISTEMA DE REFRIGERACIÓN RESUMEN
La refriera!i"# $ie#e %a &i'i"# (e !e(er a )# &e(i* refriera#$e e% !a%*r +)e, (e-i(* a% r*!e'* (e !*&-)'$i"#, 'e /a $ra#'&i$i(* a ar$e' (e% &*$*r $a%e' !*&* i'$*#e', !i%i#(r*', !)%a$a a% a!ei$e (e% &*$*r, (a(a %a %i&i$a(a re'i'$e#!ia a% !a%*r (e %*' &a$eria%e' (e% a!ei$e %)-ri!a#$e. Ar*i&a(a&e#$e )# 25 a 30 (e %a e#era ')&i#i'$ra(a *r e% !*&-)'$i-%e 'e ier(e !*# e'e !a%*r. La !re!ie#$e *$e#!ia (e %*' &*(er#*' &*$*re' eie )#a &e*r a!!i"# refriera#$e (e-ie#(* *r *$r* %a(* (i'&i#)ir'e e% e'* (e %a i#'$a%a!i"# (e refriera!i"#. E'$* )e(e a%!a#ar'e *r ee&%* &e(ia#$e )#a a!e%era(a !ir!)%a!i"# (e% &e(i* refriera#$e !*# ra#(e' ')erfi!ie' e#fria(*ra' (e &e$a% %ier*. C*# *-e$* (e +)e !*# e% a'* (e !a%*r (e %a' iea' (e% &*$*r a% &e(i* refriera#$e #* 'e r*()!a# f)er$e' (ifere#!ia' (e !a%*r !*# e%%* )e(a# re'e#$ar'e $e#'i*#e', e' i&*r$a#$e +)e %a !ir!)%a!i"# (e% &e(i* refriera#$e 'ea %* &' re)%ar +)e %a $ra#'&i'i"# (e !a%*r #* 'e i&i(a e# a%)#*' )#$*' *r ')!ie(a( * *r i#!r)'$a!i*#e' !a%!rea'. #a -)e#a refriera!i"# *'i-i%i$a )# a)&e#$* (e *$e#!ia *r+)e !*# e%%* &e*ra %a !ara (e %*' !i%i#(r*' *r+)e e# %*' &*$*re' :$$* %a &e!%a !*&-)'$i-%e;aire )e(e !*&ri&ir'e &' f)er$e&e#$e 'i# +)e 'e i#f%a&e *r ' &i'&a. Se (i'$i#)e e#$re refriera!i"# *r aire refriera!i"# *r a)a.
Fig. Diagrama básico del sistema de refrigeración
3
1. D$%&'&(&)' *$ S&+,$-. *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' E% 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"# e' e% !*#)#$* (e e%e&e#$*' ar$e' +)e 'e e#!ara#
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er&i'i-%e, (e &*(* +)e %a' iea' #* $ie#(a# a riar'e e% re#(i&ie#$* (e% &*$*r 'ea -)e#*. La' iea' !*&* %a' =%=)%a' (e e'!ae, =%=)%a' (e a(&i'i"#, !)%a$a, !*i#e$e' (e -ie%a, !a-ea (e% i'$"# 'e&e#$*' '**r$a# )#a $e&era$)ra (e >350?C ar*i&a(a&e#$e, e!e$* %a' =%=)%a' (e e'!ae, +)e a%!a#a# $e&era$)ra' (e >750?C, (e-i(* a% r*a&ie#$* a% &*=i&ie#$*@ 'i# e&-ar*, %a $e&era$)ra "$i&a (e f)#!i*#a&ie#$* (e% &*$*r 'e e#!)e#$ra e#$re 90 120?C, *r %* !)a% 'e /a!e i#(i'e#'a-%e %a )$i%ia!i"# (e% 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"#. 2. F'(&'$+ 3 C./.(,$/4+,&(.+ *$5 S&+,$-. *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' E# e% (iara&a 1 'e )e(e# =er %a' ri#!ia%e' f)#!i*#e' !ara!$er'$i!a' (e% 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"# Mantener la temperatura del motor estable
Informar al operador cuando falla
Sistema de Refrigeración
Enfriar con el mínimo consumo de potencia
Tener un refrigerante no corrosivo y estable
Diara&a 1 F)#!i*#e' !ara!$er'$i!a' (e% 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"# . 4
3. F5&* *$ T/.. *$ 5+ S&+,$-.+ *$ R$%/&$/.(&)': L+ R$%/&$/.',$+
3.1. D$%&'&(&)' *$ R$%/&$/.',$ E% %+)i(* e&%ea(* e# %a refriera!i"# (e &*$*re' 'e (e#*&i#a refriera#$e. E'$ f*r&a(* *r )#a &e!%a (e a)a (e %i!*% e$i%<#i!* !*# (i'$i#$*' a(i$i=*' )e(e $e#er )# )#$* (e !*#e%a!i"# (e /a'$a ;50BC (ee#(ie#(* (e% *r!e#$ae (e %i!*%. 3.2. F'(&'$+ *$ 5+ R$%/&$/.',$+ La' f)#!i*#e' +)e rea%ia e% refriera#$e e# e% &*$*r '*#
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Anticongelant e Tipos de Refrigerantes
Agua Destilada o Desmineraliza da Agua Verde
Diara&a 2. Ti*' (e Refriera#$e' 5
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a =a*r, 'i#ifi!a a)a 'i# &i#era%e'. A)(a -a'$a#$e e# e% &*&e#$* (e re%%e#ar e% 'i'$e&a !)a#(* e% #i=e% e'$ -a*. •
A. =$/*$: E' a)a !*# a(i$i=*' !*%*ra#$e' +)e r*$ee# e% &*$*r.
E' &' re!*&e#(a(a ara &*$*re' a#$i)*' +)e a re'e#$a# !*rr*'i"#.
4. C5.+&%&(.(&)' *$ 5+ S&+,$-.+ *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' ara refrierar e% &*$*r 'e )'a# (*' =a'
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Tipo de circuito "errado Líuido
Termosifón
Fluido de trabajo
Forma de circulación
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$irecta
Termosifón y bomba
!ire Indirecta
Diara&a 3 Ti*' (e 'i'$e&a' (e refriera!i"#. 6
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E# %a fi)ra 'e &)e'$ra )# e'+)e&a (e% 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"# *r %+)i(*
Fi)ra 1 Si'$e&a (e refriera!i"# *r %+)i(*.
E'$e 'i'$e&a f)#!i*#a (e %a 'i)ie#$e &a#era
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#a -a#(a a!*%a(a a %a *%ea (e% !iea% &)e=e %a *%ea (e %a -*&-a (e refriera#$e, <'$a r*=*!a e% &*=i&ie#$* (e% %+)i(* refriera#$e (e% &*$*r /a!ia e% ra(ia(*r, e# <% 'e /a!e a'ar )#a !*rrie#$e (e aire &*=i(a *r e% =e#$i%a(*r /a!ia e% %+)i(* refriera#$e, %* +)e %e er&i$e -aar ') $e&era$)ra , a $ra=<' (e )#a' &a#)era', e'$e %+)i(* re$*r#a /a!ia e% &*$*r ara =*%=er a i#i!iar e% !i!%*.
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E% %+)i(* +)e e#$ra a% &*$*r $ra#'fiere ar$e (e% !a%*r e#era(* e# %a !&ara (e !*&-)'$i"# re&*=i<#(*%* (e %a ar$e ')eri*r (e% !i%i#(r*, (e %a' =%=)%a' (e a(&i'i"# (e e'!ae, (e% &i'&* !i%i#(r* a $ra=<' (e %a' !a&i'a' +)e %* e#=)e%=e# +)e f*r&a# ar$e (e% &*#*-%*!. E'$e %+)i(* !a%ie#$e e' i&)%'a(* *r %a -*&-a (e a)a e#=ia(* /a!ia e%
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La =%=)%a (e 'e)ri(a( (e re'i"# !a%i-ra(a $ie#e %a f)#!i"# (e a-rir'e ara %i-erar re'i"#, a +)e e% 'i'$e&a e'$ !*&%e$a&e#$e %%e#* !*# a)a e'$a 'e (i%a$a !*#$rae a% !a%e#$ar'e e#friar'e. E% =*%)&e# +)e '*-ra 'e e#=a a )# re!iie#$e, e% !)a% $a&-i<# 'ir=e (e re'er=a. E'$a =%=)%a #* e'$ rere'e#$a(a e# %a fi)ra !a'i 'ie&re e' %a r*ia $aa (e% ra(ia(*r, *r (*#(e a(e&', 'e %%e#a $*(* e% 'i'$e&a !*# refriera#$e. 5.2. C5.+&%&(.(&)' *$ 5+ S&+,$-.+ *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' 8/ L4&* 5.2.1.
*r e% Ti* (e Cir!)i$*
Ei'$e# (*' $i*' (e !ir!)i$*' (e refriera!i"# 5.2.1.1. Circuito Abierto
Se %%a&a a' !)a#(* e% !ir!)i$* (e refriera!i"# 'e !*&)#i!a a $ra=<' (e %a' =%=)%a' (e a'* !*# %a a$&"'fera, r*()!i<#(*'e %a e=a!)a!i"# (e% =a*r i#$er#* a %a a$&"'fera re$*r#a#(* aire a% i#$eri*r (e% (e"'i$* !)a#(* 'e r*()!e %a !*#(e#'a!i"#, !*&* 'e are!ia e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 2 E'+)e&a (e =%=)%a' e# e% $a"# (e %%e#a(*.
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C*# %a e=a*ra!i"# e=a!)a!i"# 'e =a er(ie#(* %+)i(* e# e% !ir!)i$*, *r %* +)e e% !*#()!$*r $ie#e +)e re%%e#ar%* fre!)e#$e&e#$e ara re'$a-%e!er ') =*%)&e#, r*=*!a#(* )# &a*r &a#$e#i&ie#$* (e% 'i'$e&a. 5.2.1.2. Circuito Cerrado
A!$)a%&e#$e e' e% &' )$i%ia(* e# $*(*' %*' =e/!)%*'. E% ra(ia(*r #* %%e=a $a"# (e %%e#a(* 'e !*&)#i!a &e(ia#$e )# $)-* !*# )# e+)e* (e"'i$* a)i%iar
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Fi)ra 3 Si$)a!i"# (e% (e"'i$* (e ea#'i"#.
5.2.2.
*r %a F*r&a (e Cir!)%a!i"#
Ei'$e# $re' $i*' (e 'i'$e&a' (e refriera!i"# *r %a f*r&a (e !ir!)%a!i"# "
5.2.2.1. Circulación por termosifón
La refriera!i"# *r $er&*'if"# -a'a ') f)#!i*#a&ie#$* e# e% (ifere#$e e'* (e% a)a !a%ie#$e fra, *r %* +)e #* )$i%ia &e(i*' &e!#i!*' ara f)#!i*#ar. E% a)a +)e 'e !a%ie#$a e# %a' !a&i'a' 'e /a!e &' %iera ')-e a %a ar$e a%$a (e% ra(ia(*r, (e'!ie#(e a $ra=<' (e <'$e a &e(i(a +)e %a refriera %a !*rrie#$e (e aire +)e a'a *r e#$re %*' $)-*'. C)a#(* %%ea a %a ar$e i#feri*r, =)e%=e a %a' !a&i'a' (e %*' !i%i#(r*', *!)a#(* e% 'i$i* (e %a +)e ')-e
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Fi)ra 4 Si'$e&a (e refriera!i"# *r $er&*'if"#.
E% ra(ia(*r $ie#e )# $a"# ara e% *rifi!i* (e %%e#a(* (e a)a. De'(e e% i#$eri*r (e
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'a%i(a a% =a*r. E# %a ar$e i#feri*r (e% ra(ia(*r e' fre!)e#$e e#!*#$rar )# rif* ara =a!iar e% a)a (e $*(* e% 'i'$e&a ra(ia(*r !a&i'a'. E'$e $i* (e refriera!i"# )$i%ia )# ra(ia(*r (e ra#(e' (i&e#'i*#e', !*#()!$*' !a&i'a' (e a)a a&%i*', 'i# e'$re!/e!e' #i !*(*' r*#)#!ia(*'@ a(e&', e% !a)(a% !ir!)%a (e )#a &a#era &) %e#$a, *r %* +)e 'e /a!e 1#
#e!e'ari* e%e=ar &)!/* e% ra(ia(*r re'e!$* a% -%*+)e %%e=ar e# e% !ir!)i$* ra# !a#$i(a( (e a)a. *r e'$a' ra*#e', %a refriera!i"# *r $er&*'if"# 'e e#!)e#$ra e# (e')'*. 5.2.2.2. Circulación forzada o con bomba
E# e'$e $i* (e refriera!i"# ei'$e )#a -*&-a, %a !)a% $ie#e !*&* f)#!i"# i&)%'ar e% a)a ara ') !ir!)%a!i"# *r %a' !a&i'a' (e% -%*+)e, %a $aa (e %*' !i%i#(r*' %*' $)-*'@ (e')<' %%ea a% ra(ia(*r ara e#friar'e *r e% aire r*()!i(* *r e% =e#$i%a(*r *'$eri*r&e#$e a'a a )# (e"'i$* ara e&ear )# #)e=* !i!%*, !*&* 'e *-'er=a e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 5 Refriera!i"# f*ra(a.
La -*&-a 'e e#!)e#$ra e#$re %a ar$e -aa &' fra (e% ra(ia(*r %a' !a&i'a' (e% -%*+)e, e' a!!i*#a(a *r e% &*$*r, &e(ia#$e !*rrea' *%ea', +)e *r %* e#era% $a&-i<# /a!e# irar e% =e#$i%a(*r. E# %*' 'i'$e&a' &' &*(er#*', e% =e#$i%a(*r e' &*=i(* *r )# &*$*r e%
11
E'$e $i* (e refriera!i"# !*&-i#a %*' (*' a#$eri*re' f)#!i*#a e# -a'e a% &i'&* ri#!ii* (e% $er&*'if"#, er* 'e a)(a (e %a -*&-a ara &e*rar %a !ir!)%a!i"# (e% %+)i(* refriera#$e. La -*&-a )e(e e'$ar fia '*-re %a !)%a$a * '*-re e% !r$er (e !i%i#(r*', !*&* 'e &)e'$ra e# %a fi)ra, er* e#era%&e#$e 'e e#!)e#$ra a %a 'a%i(a (e% %+)i(* fr* (irii(* /a!ia e% !r$er (e !i%i#(r*'. E% %+)i(* ')-e /a!ia %a !)%a$a re$*r#a a% ra(ia(*r.
Fi)ra 6 Refriera!i"# *r $er&*'if"# -*&-a.
E'$e 'i'$e&a 'e !*#=ier$e e# refriera!i"# !ie# *r !ie#$* *r $er&*'if"# e# e% !a'* (e fa%%* e# %a -*&-a. 5.3. P./,$+ *$5 S&+,$-. *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' 8/ L4&*
5.3.1.
Ca&i'a' (e !i%i#(r*' * !&ara' (e refriera!i"#
La' !a&i'a' (e %*' !i%i#(r*' $ie#e# !*&* &i'i"# $ra#'ferir e% !a%*r (e'(e e% i#$eri*r (e %*' !i%i#(r*' /a'$a e% e$eri*r, '*# )#*' /)e!*' ra!$i!a(*' e# e% -%*+)e e# %a !)%a$a, *r %*' !)a%e' !ir!)%a e% %+)i(* refriera#$e. La' !a&i'a' )e(e# 'er (e (*' $i*' 12
•
Ca&i'a' 'e!a' R*(ea# e% !i%i#(r* ara +)e )e(a refrierar'e.
•
Ca&i'a' /&e(a' Aar$e (e r*(ear e% !i%i#(r*, r*(ea# %a' *$ra' ar$e' +)e e'$# e# !*#$a!$* (ire!$* !*# %*' a'e' (e %a !*&-)'$i"#, !*&* '*# !i%i#(r*', !&ara' (e !*&-)'$i"#, a'ie#$*' (e -)a' )a' (e =%=)%a'.
Fi)ra 7 Ca&i'a /&e(a.
5.3.2.
Ca#a%ia!i*#e'
La' !a#a%ia!i*#e' '*# %a' &a#)era' re'i'$e#$e' * $)-*' (e !*-re *r %*' !)a%e' !ir!)%a e% %+)i(* refriera#$e. E'$a' !a#a%ia!i*#e' 'e !ara!$eria# *r 'er f)er$e' f%ei-%e' ara +)e )e(a# $*%erar %a =i-ra!i"# (e% &*$*r e% !a%*r i#$e#'*.
5.3.3.
Ma#)era' a-raa(era'
L*' (ifere#$e' !*&*#e#$e' (e )# !ir!)i$* (e refriera!i"# 'e )#e# *r &e(i* (e !*#()!!i*#e' f%ei-%e' &a#)i$*', (e $a% f*r&a +)e %a' =i-ra!i*#e' #* %*' er)(i+)e#. 13
La' &a#)era' (e% ra(ia(*r )e(e# 'er re!$a', &*%(ea(a' f%ei-%e' 'e )e(e# a!*&*(ar 'e# %a' #e!e'i(a(e', !*&* 'e &)e'$ra e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra Ti*' (e &a#)era'.
De-i(* a% !*#'$a#$e )'* (e %a' &a#)era', e'$a' 'e (e$eri*ra#, (e-ie#(* re&%aar%a' !)a#(* 'e *-'$r)a# * 'e a=ere#, ara e% -)e# f)#!i*#a&ie#$* (e% 'i'$e&a.
5.3.4.
J*&-a (e Cir!)%a!i"#
La -*&-a (e !ir!)%a!i"# e' )#a -*&-a !e#$rf)a a!!i*#a(a *r e% &*$*r &e(ia#$e )#a !*rrea. E'$a -*&-a 'e )$i%ia ara /a!er !ir!)%ar e% %+)i(* refriera#$e *r $*(a' %a' ar$e' (e% !ir!)i$* (e refriera!i"# (e% &*$*r. La -*&-a !e#$rf)a 'e &)e'$ra e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 8 J*&-a (e a%e$a'.
E% f%)* (e% %+)i(* refriera#$e rere'a a %a -*&-a a $ra=<' (e% (e'=ia(*r !)a#(* e'$ !erra(* e% $er&*'$a$*, !a'* !*#$rari* %* /a!e a $ra=<' (e% ra(ia(*r, !*&* 'e i#(i!a e# %a fi)ra
14
Fi)ra 9 Difere#$e' (i'*'i!i*#e' (e% !a)(a% e# %a -*&-a.
La -*&-a &' )'a(a e' %a (e a%e$a', %a !)a% $ie#e )# ee &*#$a(* (e f*r&a e!<#$ri!a e# e% !)er* (e %a &i'&a, !*# *-e$* (e e!*#*&iar e% a'* (e a)a a ') a%re(e(*r. E' i&*r$a#$e !*&r*-ar re=i'ar e% e'$a(* %a $e#'i"# (e %a !*rrea (e %a -*&-a. Si e'$ (e'$e#'a(a *(ra r*()!ir'e e% !a%e#$a&ie#$* (e% &*$*r a% a$i#ar <'$a. Si e'$)=iera &) $e#'a(a afe!$ara a %*' !*i#e$e' (e %a -*&-a a %a r*ia !*rrea.
5.3.5.
La
ar$e
Ra(ia(*r
(e%
'i'$e&a
(e
e#fria&ie#$*
*r
%+)i(*
(e
%*'
&*$*re'
(e
!*&-)'$i"# i#$er#a e#!ara(a (e (i'iar e% !a%*r a% &e(i* 'e !*#*!e !*&* ra(ia(*r. E'$e ra(ia(*r e' )# i#$er!a&-ia(*r (e !a%*r (e $)-*' a%e$a', (*#(e e% refriera#$e !a%ie#$e r*!e(e#$e (e% &*$*r e#$rea e% !a%*r a %a !*rrie#$e (e aire e#era(a *r e% &*=i&ie#$* (e% =e/!)%* * f*ra(a *r %a /<%i!e (e% =e#$i%a(*r. # e'+)e&a (e% ra(ia(*r 'e )e(e =er e# %a fi)ra.
15
Fi)ra 10. C*#fi)ra!i"# (e% ra(ia(*r.
E% ra(ia(*r e'$ !*#'$i$)i(* *r )# r)* (e $)-*' (e !*-re ara%e%*', 'eara(*', (*$a(*' (e a%e$a', !*%*!a(*' !*#e!$a#(* (*' $a#+)e' *r !)* i#$eri*r
!ir!)%a
e%
refriera#$e.
La'
a%e$a'
a)&e#$a#
#*$a-%e&e#$e
%a
')erfi!ie (e (i'ia!i"# (e !a%*r (e %*' $)-*'. *r e#$re %a' a%e$a' 'e f)era )#a !*rrie#$e (e aire +)e %a' e#fra !*# e%%* $a&-i<# e#fra e% refriera#$e !ir!)%a#$e e# %*' $)-*'. E% refriera#$e r*=e#ie#$e (e% &*$*r e#$ra a% ra(ia(*r *r e% $a#+)e ')eri*r rere'a a e'$e (e'(e e% $a#+)e i#feri*r a fr*. #a $aa e'e!ia% 'ir=e ara &a#$e#er e% 'i'$e&a !erra(* re')ria(* ara e=i$ar +)e e% refriera#$e /ier-a !)a#(* e% &*$*r 'e !a%ie#$a *r $ra-a* i#$e#'* a $e&era$)ra' ')eri*re' a %*' 100?C, a(e&' ara er&i$ir +)e e% %+)i(* )e(a a'ar a% $a#+)e (e re'er=a !)a#(* 'e (i%a$e a% !a%e#$ar'e, rere'e a% ra(ia(*r !)a#(* 'e e#fre e# %a' ara(a'. E% rea fr*#$a% (e% ra(ia(*r (ee#(er (e %a !a#$i(a( (e !a%*r +)e 'er #e!e'aria (i'iar e'$a a ') =e, (e %a *$e#!ia (e% &*$*r, *r %* +)e e# )# =e/!)%*,
e% ra(ia(*r e'$ e'e!ia%&e#$e
(i'ea(* ara e'$*
(i&e#'i*#e' !ara!$er'$i!a' #* (e-e# !a&-iar'e. 5.3.5.1. Partes del Radiador
16
')'
La' ar$e' (e% ra(ia(*r '*# %a' 'i)ie#$e' T+: *r e%%*' !ir!)%a e% a)a !a%ie#$e +)e r*=ie#e (e% &*$*r ara 'er
refriera(a *r &e(i* (e %a' a%e$a'. Se i%)'$ra# e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 11. T)-*' er$e#e!ie#$e' a )# ra(ia(*r.
A5$,.+: E' )#a %&i#a (e !*-re e# f*r&a (e a!*r(e"# * %i#ea% +)e 'e
e#!)e#$ra )-i!a(a e#$re %*' $)-*' e' %a +)e /a!e *'i-%e %a e#era!i"# (e $)r-)%e#!ia (e aire !)a#(* <'$e a'a a $ra=<' (e% ra(ia(*r. S) f*r&a 'e &)e'$ra e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 12. A%e$a' er$e#e!ie#$e' a )# ra(ia(*r.
C5$(,/$+: E' )#a %&i#a (e %a$"# (e !*-re (e-i(a&e#$e !*#fe!!i*#a(a,
!*%*!a(a e# %a ar$e ')eri*r e i#feri*r (e% ra(ia(*r (*#(e =a# '*%(a(*' %*' $a#+)e' %*' $)-*', 'e *-'er=a e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 13. C*%e!$*r (e )# ra(ia(*r. 1
L.,$/.5$+: S*# )#a e'$r)!$)ra &e$%i!a +)e ref)era %*' !*'$a(*' (e%
ra(ia(*r, !*&* 'e )e(e =er e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 14. La$era%e' er$e#e!ie#$e' a )# ra(ia(*r.
T.'$: E' e% !*&*#e#$e *r &e(i* (e% !)a% 'e !*#e!$a %a &a#)era (e
e#$ra(a * 'a%i(a (e a)a r*=e#ie#$e (e% &*$*r, <'$*' )e(e# 'er (e !*-re ara %*' ra(ia(*re' (e !*-re (e %'$i!* ara %*' ra(ia(*re' (e a%)&i#i*, !*&* 'e i#(i!a e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 15. Ta#+)e (e )# ra(ia(*r.
E'%/&.*/ *$ .($&,$: E'$ )-i!a(* (e#$r* (e% $a#+)e, e'$e aara$* er&i$e
%a !ir!)%a!i"# (e% a!ei$e !a%ie#$e +)e r*=ie#e (e% &*$*r ara 'er e#fria(*. Se i%)'$ra e# %a fi)ra.
1!
Fi)ra 16. E#fria(*r (e a!ei$e.
C5-$'.: De#*&i#a!i"# +)e 'e %e *$*ra a% ra(ia(*r !)a#(* <'$e #* *'ee
%*' $a#+)e' e% e#fria(*r (e a!ei$e. E' e% e#'a&-%e #i!a&e#$e (e %*' $)-*', a%e$a', !*%e!$*re' %a$era%e', !*&* 'e are!ia e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 17. C*%&e#a (e )# ra(ia(*r.
•
T.8. *$5 R.*&.*/: E' )# e%e&e#$* (e !ierre +)e er&i$e e% %%e#a(*,
ai'%a!i"# !*#$r*% (e refriera#$e. E' &) i&*r$a#$e $e#er )# $a"# e# e!e%e#$e' !*#(i!i*#e' ara +)e #* ei'$a# f)a' e# e% 'i'$e&a. E'$a 'e *-'er=a e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 18 Taa (e% ra(ia(*r.
La $aa (e ra(ia(*r )e(e 'er (e $re' $i*'
1"
♦
N/-.5:
Tie#e
e&a+)e$a()ra
(e
!ierre
*rifi!i*
(e
re'i"#
a$&*'f
P/$+/&<.*.: I#!%)e )#a =%=)%a (e re'i"# (e )#a =a *rifi!i* (e
re'i"# a$&*'f
T.8. 8./. +&+,$-. 8/$+/&<.* 3 +$55.*: I#!%)e )#a =%=)%a (e (*-%e
=a +)e er&i$e !rear )#a re'i"# (e$er&i#a(a e# e% 'i'$e&a@ )#a =e a%!a#a(a e'$a re'i"#, %a $aa a-re ') =%=)%a (e ea#'i"# er&i$e %a 'a%i(a (e refriera#$e a% (e"'i$* (e ea#'i"#. C)a#(* 'e re*#e %a
re'i"#
(e
$ra-a*,
%a
=%=)%a
'e
!ierra.
A%
e#friar'e
e%
refriera#$e -aa %a re'i"# (i'&i#)e e% =*%)&e#, 'e !rea (ere'i"#
%a
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a-re
')
=%=)%a
(e
re$*r#*
ara
%a
re*'i!i"#
(e
refriera#$e a% ra(ia(*r. 5.3.5.2. Tipos de Radiadores
La !%a'ifi!a!i"# (e %*' ra(ia(*re' 'e %a rea%ia 'e# %a f*r&a (e ') #!%e*, !*&* 'e i#(i!a e# e% (iara&a.
Radiadores con %&cleo Tubular Radiadores de %&cleo Tipo 'anal
Tipos de Radiadores
Radiadores de %&cleo de Tipo Laminas de !gua Diara&a 4. C%a'ifi!a!i"# (e %*' Ra(ia(*re'
#"##2#1#
R.*&.*/ (' '(5$ ,&8 ,5./
Tie#e )#*' $)-*' *r %*' +)e e% %+)i(* refriera#$e a'a, e'$e %+)i(* =ie#e (e %a' !a&i'a' (e %*' !i%i#(r*' (e %a !)%a$a.
E% aire !ir!)%a
a%re(e(*r (e %*' $)-*' %a' a%e$a'. La' a%e$a' )e(e# 'er ere#(i!)%are' a
2#
%*' $)-*', * i#$er!a%a' e# a!*r(e"# e#$re %*' $)-*'. E# %a fi)ra 19 'e i#(i!a %a !*#fi)ra!i"# -'i!a (e )# ra(ia(*r !*# #!%e* $i* $)-)%ar.
Fi)ra 19. C*#fi)ra!i"# (e )# ra(ia(*r !*# #!%e* $)-)%ar.
#"##2#2#
R.*&.*/ (' '(5$ ,&8 8.'.5
'a(*' a#$e' e# &*$*re' ra#(e' *$e#$e', a/*ra *!* )'a(*' (e-i(* a ') e%e=a(* re!i* !*&%ei(a( (e ') !*#'$r)!!i"# ra# ar$e '*%(a(a. S*# !*#'$r)i(*' *r r)*' (e e+)e*' $)-*' /*ri*#$a%e' +)e %*ra# /a!er )#a ra#
')erfi!ie
(e
refriera!i"#.
E#
%a
fi)ra
20
!*#fi)ra!i"# -'i!a (e )# ra(ia(*r (e $i* a#a%.
Fi)ra 20. C*#fi)ra!i"# (e )# ra(ia(*r $i* a#a%.
21
'e
&)e'$ra
%a
#"##2#"#
Ke!/*'
*r
R.*&.*/ (' '(5$ ,&8 5;-&'.+ *$ ..
)#*'
$)-*'
a#!/*'
&)
!/a$*'
&*#$a(*'
/a!ie#(*
)#a'
*#()%a!i*#e' '*%(a(a' e#$re ' * -ie# 'e 'eara# '*'$ie#e# !*# )#a' fi#a' !/aa' (e %a$"#, %a' !)a%e' (a# rii(e a %*' a'*' /ea*#a%e' (e% aire f*r&a#(* )# fa%'* a#a%. E# %*' (*' !a'*' e% aire +)e a'a *r e#$re %*' $)-*' !/a$*', e#fra %a' %&i#a' (e a)a +)e !ir!)%a e# e% i#$eri*r (e e%%*'. E# %a fi)ra 'e &)e'$ra %a !*#fi)ra!i"# -'i!a (e )# ra(ia(*r (e $i* %&i#a' (e a)a.
Fi)ra 21. C*#fi)ra!i"# (e )# ra(ia(*r $i* %&i#a' (e a)a.
5.3.6.
e#$i%a(*r
E% =e#$i%a(*r e' )# (i'*'i$i=* +)e 'e e#!ara (e e#=iar )#a !*rrie#$e (e aire a%re(e(*r (e% &*$*r, , a-'*r-ie#(* e% aire fre'!* (e %a a$&"'fera, /a!er%*
a'ar
a
$ra=<'
(e%
#!%e*
(e%
ra(ia(*r
a
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=e%*!i(a(
r**r!i*#a#(* )# a(e!)a(* e#fria&ie#$*. A*' a$r' e% =e#$i%a(*r 'e a!!i*#a-a (ire!$a&e#$e *r e% &*$*r !*# )#a !*rrea )#a *%ea, er*, a!$)a%&e#$e, e' a!!i*#a(* *r )# &*$*r e%
e%e!$r*=e#$i%a(*r,
!*&a#(a(*
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i#$err)$*r
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*
$er&*!*#$a!$*. A%)#*' =e#$i%a(*re' i#!*r*ra# )# e&-ra)e !*# f%)i(* (e i&)%'i"#
ara !*#$r*%ar
%a'
=e%*!i(a(e'
e#fria&ie#$*. Se &)e'$ra e# %a fi)ra.
22
re'e!$* !*#
%a'
(e&a#(a' (e
Fi)ra 22 De'ie!e (e% ra(ia(*r !*# ') =e#$i%a(*r.
E% =e#$i%a(*r 'e !*%*!a (e%a#$e * (e$r' (e% !*#(e#'a(*r * (e% ra(ia(*r. S) !aa!i(a( (ee#(e (e% #&er* (e a'a', e% (i&e$r* $*$a% %a =e%*!i(a(. E# %*' =e/!)%*' !*# aire a!*#(i!i*#a(* e#era%&e#$e 'e )$i%ia )# =e#$i%a(*r a(i!i*#a% * )# =e#$i%a(*r &' *$e#$e. La' a=era' e# %*' =e#$i%a(*re' '*# fre!)e#$e' (e-i(* a ') ar$i!)%ar %)ar (e &*#$ae, a +)e e'$# e)e'$*' a %a i#$e&erie, e'$* i&%i!a rie'* (e ')!ie(a( * i&a!$* !*# ie(ra'. La' a=era' !a)'a(a' *r a!!i(e#$e' !*# !*%i'i"# fr*#$a% '*# &) !*&)#e'.
5.3.6.1. Tipos de Ventiladores
E# %a a!$)a%i(a( 'e )$i%ia# =e#$i%a(*re' +)e '*%a&e#$e ira# !)a#(* %a $e&era$)ra (e% &*$*r 'e e%e=a /a'$a )# ra(* (e$er&i#a(*.
•
=$',&5.*/ (' .(85.*/ $5$(,/-.',&(: E'$ r*=i'$* (e )# e&-ra)e
&a#<$i!* +)e 'e !*#e!$a !)a#(* %a $e&era$)ra (e% a)a 'e e%e=a /a'$a )# ra(* (e$er&i#a(*. •
=$',&5.*/ (' .(85.*/ &*/;5&( 3 /$5.(&)' ,/-&(. 8/ .&/$ *$5 /.*&.*/: La )#i"# e#$re =e#$i%a(*r e% &*$*r, e'$ a'e)ra(* *r )#
a!*%a(*r
/i(r)%i!* !)a
a!!i"#
'e (e$er&i#a
'e#
%a !a#$i(a( (e
%+)i(* +)e 'e i#$r*()!e e# <%. La i#$r*()!!i"# (e% %+)i(* e# e% 23
a!*%a(*r 'e !*#$r*%a *r )#a =%=)%a fia a )# -i&e$a% '*-re e% !)-* (e% =e#$i%a(*r
'*&e$i(a
a
%a
$e&era$)ra
(e%
f%)*
(e
aire
+)e
/a
a$ra=e'a(* e% ra(ia(*r. •
=$',&5.*/ (' .(85.*/ &*/;5&( 3 /$5.(&)' ,/-&(. 8/ 54&* /$%/&$/.',$
>$',&5.*/
>&+(+:
Tie#e
e%
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ri#!ii*
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e%
a#$eri*r. S) e%e&e#$* (e fri!!i"# e' %a 'i%i!*#a, er* %a re)%a!i"# (e f)#!i*#a&ie#$* e'$ re)%a(a *r %a a!!i"# (e% %+)i(* refriera#$e '*-re e% -i&e$a%.
5.3.7.
E%
E%e!$r*=e#$i%a(*r
e%e!$r*=e#$i%a(*r
e'
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Fi)ra 23 E%e!$r*=e#$i%a(*r.
5.3.8.
Ter&*!*#$a!$*
E% $er&*!*#$a!$* 'e e&%ea e# e% !ir!)i$* (e refriera!i"# ara a!$i=ar e% e%e!$r*=e#$i%a(*r (e% ra(ia(*r !)a#(* %a $e&era$)ra e' a%$a. E'$e e%e&e#$* =a 'i$)a(*, e#era%&e#$e, e# )#a ar$e -aa (e% ra(ia(*r, * -ie# e# %a &i'&a !)%a$a, !*&* 'e =e e# %a fi)ra. 24
Fi)ra 24 -i!a!i"# (e% $er&*!*#$a!$*.
E% $er&*!*#$a!$* e' )# i#$err)$*r e%
Fi)ra 25 i'$a e# !*r$e (e )# $er&*!*#$a!$*.
5.3.9.
Ter&*'$a$*
E'$e (i'*'i$i=* e' )#a =%=)%a +)e !*#'$a (e )# &)e%%e &e$%i!* +)e i&i(e %a !ir!)%a!i"# (e% %+)i(* e#$re e% &*$*r e% ra(ia(*r. Se )-i!a e#$re %a 'a%i(a (e% %+)i(* (e% &*$*r e% &a#)i$* (e e#$ra(a (e% ra(ia(*r. C)a#(* e% &*$*r e'$ *r (e-a* (e %a $e&era$)ra (e *era!i"# &e#*' (e 80?C, e% $er&*'$a$* -%*+)ea e% f%)* (e a)a /a!ia e% ra(ia(*r, !ir!)%a#(* <'$e '*%a&e#$e *r %a' !a&i'a' (e a)a ara e%e=ar %a $e&era$)ra (e &a#era /*&*<#ea /a'$a )# #i=e% "$i&* 80 a 85?C. E# (a' fr*' e% $er&*'$a$* er&i$e
ae#a' %a !ir!)%a!i"#
(e refriera#$e ')fi!ie#$e a
ra(ia(*r ara e%i&i#ar e% e!e'* (e !a%*r 25
&a#$e#er )#a
$ra=<' (e% $e&era$)ra
a(e!)a(a
e#
e%
&*$*r.
E#
(a'
!a%)r*'*'
e%
$er&*'$a$*
e'$
a-ier$*
!*&%e$a&e#$e. Si e% $er&*'$a$* e'$ f)#!i*#a#(* i#!*rre!$a&e#$e #* 'e a-re, e% %+)i(* #* !ir!)%a *r e% ra(ia(*r. E'$e r*-%e&a )e(e *!a'i*#ar ra=e' (a*' 'i #* e' (e$e!$a(* a $ie&*. 5.3.9.1. Tipos de Termostatos
#"#@#1#1#
T$/-+,., *$ %$55$
C*#'i'$e e# )# (e"'i$* &e$%i!* !erra(*, (e %a#!/a &) fi#a, !*# %a' are(e' e# f*r&a (e f)e%%e * a!*r(e"#. E# e'$e (e"'i$* /a )# %+)i(* * ')'$a#!ia &) =*%$i%, !*&* *r ee&%* <$er, arafi#a, e$!. E'$a =%=)%a, !)a#(* e% &*$*r e'$ fr*, e'$ !erra#(* e% a'* (e% %+)i(* /a!ia e% ra(ia(*r %* er&i$e /a!ia %a -*&-a. A% !a%e#$ar'e e% %+)i(* e# e% &*$*r 'e !a%ie#$a e% (e"'i$* (e% $er&*'$a$*, e% %+)i(* 'e =*%a$ia a)&e#$a (e =*%)&e#. E% (e"'i$*, *r e'$e a)&e#$* (e =*%)&e# 'e a%ara, a-rie#(* %a =%=)%a er&i$ie#(* e% a'* (e% %+)i(* /a!ia e% ra(ia(*r, a %a =e +)e !ierra e% a'* /a!ia %a -*&-a. Si %a $e&era$)ra (e% &*$*r (e'!ie#(e, e% %+)i(* (e %a =%=)%a 'e !*#(e#'a, (i'&i#)e#(* ') =*%)&e#, !*#$rae#(* a' e% (e"'i$* !erra#(* e% a'* (e% refriera#$e /a!ia e% ra(ia(*r, !*# %* +)e 'e a-re e% a'* /a!ia %*' !i%i#(r*' a $ra=<' (e %a -*&-a (e a)a /a'$a +)e #)e=a&e#$e 'e a%!a#a %a $e&era$)ra a(e!)a(a. E% f)#!i*#a&ie#$* (e e'$e $er&*'$a$* 'e )e(e =er e# %a fi)ra.
26
Fi)ra 26 F)#!i*#a&ie#$* (e% $er&*'$a$* (e f)e%%e.
#"#@#1#2#
T$/-+,., *$ ($/.
Ei'$e# *$r*' $er&*'$a$*', %*' (e =%=)%a (e &ari*'a (e =%=)%a (e !a-ea% %*' !)a%e' $ie#e# )# e%e&e#$* (e !era e% !)a% e'$ e)e'$* a% %+)i(* refriera#$e (e% &*$*r. E'$e 'i'$e&a e' e% &' e&%ea(* a!$)a%&e#$e. E% f)#!i*#a&ie#$* (e e'$*' $er&*'$a$*' e' 'i&i%ar a% (e %*' (e f)e%%e !)a#(* %a !era 'e !a%ie#$a 'e ea#(e# f*ra#(* )#a =ari%%a +)e 'a%e, a-rie#(* %a =%=)%a ')eri*r !erra#(* %a =%=)%a i#feri*r, (ea#(* +)e e% refriera#$e !ir!)%e *r e% ra(ia(*r. C)a#(* %a !era 'e e#fra, %a =ari%%a rere'a a ') *'i!i"# i#i!ia%, !erra#(* %a =%=)%a ')eri*r *r &e(i* (e )# &)e%%e a-rie#(* %a =%=)%a i#feri*r, (e &a#era +)e #* )e(e a'ar e% %+)i(* refriera#$e /a!ia e% ra(ia(*r, a'a (ire!$a&e#$e /a!ia %a -*&-a ara /a!er%* !ir!)%ar *r e% &*$*r. La fi)ra &)e'$ra e% e'+)e&a i#$er#* (e% $er&*'$a$* (e !era e# *'i!i"# a-ier$a !erra(a.
2
Fi)ra 27 E'+)e&a i#$er#* (e% $er&*'$a$* (e !era.
e# %a fi)ra 'e )e(e =er %a (i'*'i!i"# (e %a' =%=)%a' !*#f*r&e %a !era 'e (i%a$a * 'e !*#$rae.
a
-
Fi)ra 28 F)#!i*#a&ie#$* (e% $er&*'$a$* (e !era. a Cera (i%a$a(a, =%=)%a ')eri*r a-ier$a. - Cera !*#$ra(a, =%=)%a ')eri*r !erra(a.
5.3.10. I#(i!a(*r (e Te&era$)ra
L*' i#(i!a(*re' (e $e&era$)ra '*# i#(i'e#'a-%e' e# e% !ir!)i$* ara a=i'ar a%
!*#()!$*r
+)e
(e$e#a
e%
&*$*r.
L*'
ri#!ia%e'
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e%
re%*
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$e&era$)ra %a %&ara (e a=era. E% re%* re!i-e %a i#f*r&a!i"# (e %a
2!
$e&era$)ra (e% %+)i(* (e )# !a$a(*r * )# $er&i'$*r !*%*!a(* !er!a (e% $er&*'$a$*. E% $er&i'$*r e' )#a re'i'$e#!ia +)e, e# f)#!i"# (e %a $e&era$)ra, (ea a'ar )#a !*rrie#$e &' * &e#*' i#$e#'a. E'$a =aria!i"# (e !*rrie#$e /a!e (e'=iar %a a)a (e% i#(i!a(*r (e $e&era$)ra. Se# %a re!i'i"# (e% aara$*, <'$e e'$ar r*=i'$* (e )#a ra()a!i"#, i#(i!a#(* %a $e&era$)ra ea!$a (e% &*$*r, e# *#a' (e !*%*re' (ifere#$e', !*rre'*#(ie#(* a )# f)#!i*#a&ie#$* #*r&a% * a#*r&a%, !*&* 'e i#(i!a e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 29 I#(i!a(*re' (e $e&era$)ra.
5.3.11. De"'i$* * a'* (e Ea#'i"#
E# e'$e (e"'i$* 'e a%&a!e#a e% e!e'* (e %+)i(* refriera#$e !)a#(* a)&e#$a ') =*%)&e# (e-i(* a %a $e&era$)ra. S) f)#!i"# e' e#friar e% %+)i(* rere'ar%* a% 'i'$e&a !)a#(* e' #e!e'ari*. E% =a'* (e ea#'i"# e' #e!e'ari* e# a)$*&"=i%e' +)e ') $e&era$)ra (e *era!i"# e' &a*r a %*' 90BC, #*r&a%&e#$e e'$a /e!/* (e %'$i!*' $ra$a(*' $
2"
Fi)ra 30 De"'i$* (e ea#'i"#.
E# e% =a'* (e ea#'i"# 'ie&re ei'$e# 'ea%e' (e &i&* &#i&*, e#$re %a' !)a%e' 'e (e-e &a#$e#er e% #i=e% (e refriera#$e.
5.3.12. Te'$i* %)&i#*'*
ara +)e e% !*#()!$*r )e(a !*&r*-ar e# $*(* &*&e#$* %a $e&era$)ra (e% refriera#$e, (e &a#era +)e 'e )e(a# (e$e!$ar %a' fa%%a' e# e% !ir!)i$* (e refriera!i"#,
e' i#(i'e#'a-%e +)e e% $a-%er* (e !*#$r*% e'$< e+)ia(* !*#
)# $e'$i* %)&i#*'*, !*&* 'e are!ia e# %a fi)ra.
Testigo luminoso
Fi)ra 31 Te'$i* %)&i#*'*.
3#
E% $e'$i* %)&i#*'* 'e e#!ie#(e !)a#(* #* 'e a%!a#a %a $e&era$)ra #*r&a% (e f)#!i*#a&ie#$*, * !)a#(* e'$a e' e!e(i(a. E'$e e%e&e#$* e' !*&a#(a(* *r e% $er&*!*#$a!$* (e% =e#$i%a(*r. 6. S&+,$-. *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' 8/ A&/$ L*' 'i'$e&a' (e refriera!i"# *r aire '*# &' 'e#!i%%*' e!*#"&i!*' +)e %*' 'i'$e&a' (e refriera!i"# *r %+)i(*, )e' e'$*' %$i&*' re+)iere# ra(ia(*r
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a%ea!i*#e' &e#*' e'a(a' er* !*# r*ie(a(e' (e a%$a $ra#'fere#!ia (e !a%*r. *r %* e#era% e'$e $i* (e &*$*re' '*# &' r)i(*'*' )e' %a' *#(a' '*#*ra' r*=*!a(a' *r %a !*&-)'$i"# 'a%e# ri(a&e#$e 'i# 'er a&*r$i)a(a' *r *$r*' !*&*#e#$e' (e-i(* a %a 'e#!i%%e (e %*' &*$*re'. 6.1. C5.+&%&(.(&)' *$ 5+ S&+,$-.+ *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' 8/ A&/$
6.1.1.
Refriera!i"# Dire!$a
E# e'$e 'i'$e&a, e% &*$*r =iaa !*&%e$a&e#$e a% aire, !*&* 'e &)e'$ra e# %a fi)ra.
31
Fi)ra 32 Si'$e&a (e refriera!i"# (ire!$a *r aire.
E% ri#!ii* (e f)#!i*#a&ie#$* (e e'$e 'i'$e&a e' $ra#'*r$ar e% !a%*r *r e% ri#!ii* (e !*#()!!i"# &e(ia#$e %a !ar!a'a, ara e%%* 'e )$i%ia# %a' a%e$a' %a' !)a%e' '*# r*%*#a!i*#e' (e% &e$a% (e a%ea!i"# +)e !)-re# %a !)%a$a. E'$a' a%e$a' a)&e#$a# e% rea (e %a !)%a$a r**r!i*#a#(* &a*r ')erfi!ie +)e +)e(a e# !*#$a!$* !*# e% aire e#fria#(* e% i#$eri*r. La %*#i$)( (e %a' a%e$a' e' r**r!i*#a% a %a $e&era$)ra a%!a#a(a e# %a' (ifere#$e' *#a' (e% !i%i#(r*, *r %* $a#$*, 'er# &' %ara' a+)e%%a' +)e e'$<# &' r"i&a' a %a !&ara (e !*&-)'$i"#, !*&* 'e are!ia e# %a fi)ra.
Fi)ra 33 Di'$i#$a' %*#i$)(e' (e %a' a%e$a'.
32
6.1.2.
Refriera!i"# F*ra(a
La refriera!i"# f*ra(a *r aire e' )$i%ia(a e# =e/!)%*' !)* &*$*r e'$ e#!erra(* e# e% i#$eri*r (e %a !arr*!era. E% e'+)e&a (e %a fi)ra 'ir=e ara i%)'$rar )# (iara&a 'i&%ifi!a(* (e )# 'i'$e&a
(e refriera!i"#
f*ra(a *r aire.
Fi)ra 34 Si'$e&a (e refriera!i"# f*ra(a *r aire.
E'$e $i* (e refriera!i"# 'e (ifere#!ia (e% a#$eri*r *r+)e )$i%ia )# =e#$i%a(*r +)e e' &*=i(* *r e% r*i* &*$*r, a $ra=<' (e )#a !*rrea * *%ea, e% !)a% !rea )#a !*rrie#$e (e aire +)e e' !a#a%ia(a /a!ia %*' !i%i#(r*' !)%a$a, (e &a#era +)e 'e *-$e#a )#a refriera!i"# efi!a i#!%)'* !*# e% &*$*r (e$e#i(* * a -aa =e%*!i(a(. E% (i&e$r* (e %a /<%i!e (e% =e#$i%a(*r, a' !*&* %a re%a!i"# (e $ra#'&i'i"# e#$re %a' *%ea' e'$# -ie# e%a-*ra(*' ara ara#$iar %a !a#$i(a( (e aire #e!e'ari*. La !a&i'a (e% !i%i#(r* e'$ (*$a(a (e a%e$a' ara a)&e#$ar %a ')erfi!ie
(e
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:$r* e%e&e#$* (i'$i#$i=* (e e'$e 'i'$e&a e' e% ra(ia(*r (e a!ei$e, e% !)a% 'e
)$i%ia
ara
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refriera!i"# a% &*$*r. E# %a fi)ra 'e *-'er=a %a (i'*'i!i"# (e% ra(ia(*r (e a!ei$e e# e% !ir!)i$*.
Fi)ra 35 Si'$e&a (e refriera!i"# f*ra(a *r aire.
#a (e %a' =e#$aa' (e e'$e &e!a#i'&* e' +)e e', e# !ier$* &*(*, a)$* !*&e#'a(*, a +)e a &e(i(a +)e a)&e#$a %a =e%*!i(a( 'e r*()!e# &' !i!%*' (e !*&-)'$i"#, a)$*&$i!a&e#$e 'e e#era &' aire (e e#fria&ie#$*, *r %a !re!ie#$e =e%*!i(a( (e r*$a!i"# (e %a /<%i!e +)e e'$ a!*%a(a a% !iea%. 6.2. =$',..+ $ I'('>$'&$',$+ *$ 5. R$%/&$/.(&)' 8/ A&/$ La' =e#$aa' (e %a refriera!i"# *r aire '*# •
Se#!i%%e, a% *(er re'!i#(ir (e ra(ia(*r, !a&i'a', -*&-a (e a)a ra!*re'.
•
N* ei'$e# $e&era$)ra' !r$i!a' (e% refriera#$e.
•
Se )e(e (i&e#'i*#ar !*#=e#ie#$e&e#$e %a' a%e$a'.
•
Di'&i#)e# %a'
•
Me#*r e'* e'a!i*. 34
•
Fa-ri!a!i"# &' e!*#"&i!a.
L*' i#!*#=e#ie#$e' '*# •
M*$*r &' r)i(*'* a% e$eri*r *r fa%$a (e %a !a&i'a (e a)a.
•
Irre)%ari(a( (e% e#fria&ie#$*.
•
La *$e#!ia $i% 'e re(i!e e# )# 6 *r %a (i%a$a!i"# (e% aire a'ira(* !*#'e!)e#$e re()!!i"# (e %%e#a(*.
7. A>$/4.+ $' $5 S&+,$-. *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' La'
a=era'
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'(rdidas de refrigerante
!verías Sistema de Refrigeración
El motor tarda muc*o para alcan+ar la temp, de operación
"alentamiento e)cesivo del motor
Diara&a 5 A=era' e# e% 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"#.
La' !a)'a' (e e'$a' a=era' )e(e# 'er %a' i#(i!a(a' e# e% (iara&a
35
(e
'oco líuido refrigerante
#omba de refrigerante da-ada
Mal funcionamiento del termostato
"ausas de !verías Radiador obstruido o sucio por el e)terior
Mal funcionamiento del termocontacto
"amisas obstruidas
Diara&a 6 Ca)'a' (e %a' a=era' e# )# 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"#.
8. M.',$'&-&$', *$5 S&+,$-. *$ R$%/&$/.(&)' De-i(* a +)e 'e )e(e# *!a'i*#ar a=era' e# e% 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"#, e' i&*r$a#$e +)e eri"(i!a&e#$e 'e rea%i!e %* e%i!a(* e# e% (iara&a.
36
"omprobar nivel del líuido refrigerante
.erificar ue no e)istan fugas o rupturas en el tapón de presión
.erificar la apertura adecuada del termocontacto
Mantenimiento
.erificar ue el electroventilador funcione bien
Limpiar el radiador cuando el vaso est( sucio
Diara&a 7 Ma#$e#i&ie#$* (e% 'i'$e&a (e refriera!i"#.
9. B&5&/.%4.
Bombas
Centrifugas.
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/$$e'.'!ri-(.!*&(*!6057846J*&-a';Ce#$rif)a' Componentes
principales
del
sistema
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3