R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg Custnvl Ujajz Oung Bnrals Clgzîajz Clgzîajz Enfhîg Hinz Nafjrtl Ménz
R@NVJTLHG] 64>8 MJ TVHGBHTHL N EHG Gl jstî pjrihthmn an rjprlmubbhòg tltna l p nrbhna mj jstj ahfrl, gh su trntnihjgtl hgelriîthbl, hgelriîthbl, gh an trngsihshòg mj ghgcugn elrin l plr bunaquhjr ijmhl, yn s jn jajbtròghbl, ijbîghbl, plr eltlblphn, plr rjchstrl u ltrls iètlmls, shg ja pjrihsl prjvhl y plr jsbrhtl mj als thtuanrjs mja Blpyrhc`t. Blpyrhc`t. www.bjmrl.lrc) sh gjbjshtn Mhréonsj n BJMVL (Bjgtrl Jspnþla mj Mjrjb`ls Vjprlcrîehbls, www.bjmrl.lrc) eltlblphnr l jsbngjnr nacÿg erncijgtl mj jstn lfrn.
MJVJB@LR VJRJVUNMLR © 64>8, rjspjbtl n an prhijrn jmhbhòg jg jspnþla, plr Krnshs Blgsuathgc, R.A.Z. www.Krnshs.bli HRFG? 830-0=-8=:066-=-4
BVJN]HUHMNM Erutn bufhjrtn? bufhjrtn? Jg `lijgnoj n Vhbnrml Iuþlz, als nutlrjs `ng jsblchml blil erutn mj an plrtnmn ug pjphgl-ijaòg, erutl iuy sjgshfaj na trngsplrtj plr al quj rjsuatn mheébha jgblgtrnral jg ltrls ijrbnmls quj gl sjng B`haj (pnés mj rjshmjgbhn mj Vhbnrml), Vhbnrml), Flahvhn, Tjrÿ l Jbunmlr. Rj buathvn mjsmj `nbj ihajs mj nþls jg Rumnièrhbn; thjgj elrin lvnanmn, mj ugls >4->: bi. y js mj blalr ninrhaalmlrnml blg vjtns mj blalr pÿrpurn bungml `n inmurnml. Js ugn erutn iuy muabj y rjerjsbngtj. Mhsjþl rjnahznml plr plr?? Tnfal Hcajshns Erngbhsbl.
Jg ijilrhn mj Vhbnrml Iuþlz Jg ja trngsbursl mj an rjvhshòg mja ahfrl gls jgtjrnils mj an trhstj glthbhn mja enaajbhihjgtl mj ug crng nihcl, Vhbnrml Iuþlz Ilgcj, blipnþjrl IUT mj Leehbj Npps ngm Rjrvhbjs y slfrj tlml ugn crng pjrslgn quj trnfnoò hgbngsnfajijgtj jg mhsthgtns bliughmnmjs blipnrthjgml blglbhihjgtl. Ja inj, blil al aaniîfnils als nihcls, gugbn tuvl ug ‑gl’ plr rjspujstn, shjiprj shjiprj jstnfn mhspujstl n trnfnonr plr ug fhjg inylr, inylr, hgbausl ngtjplghjgml su vhmn y su enihahn jg iub`ns iub`ns lbnshlgjs pnrn nabngznr ug prlpòshtl inylr, quj an bliughmnm brjbhjrn. Jstn glthbhn gls mjvnstò n als buntrl, gls hgugmò ugn crng trhstjzn plr su pnrthmn y iîs snfhjgml quj mjonfn ugn `jrilsn enihahn, su pjqujþl `hol y su sjþlrn. Iub`ns crnbhns inj plr tlml tu trnfnol, tu jseujrzl, tu jspérhtu y tu shipntén, shjiprj jstnrîs blg glsltrls jg gujstrls rjbujrmls. Nqué tj mjonils gujstrl pjqujþl `lijgnoj jg an elrin mj ug gujvl ahfrl slfrj ugn mj tus pantnelrins pantnelrins envlrhtns.
Custnvl, Oung Bnrals, Enfhîg y Nafjrtl.
Ncrnmjbhihjgtls Jsbrhfhr slfrj nacl tng blipajol blil R`nrjTlhgt js ugn crng nvjgturn, y trntnr mj `nbjr ug ahfrl quj hgtjgtj mnr an hincjg tèbghbn iîs blipajtn jg ja ijrbnml mj nacl nsé, js iîs quj jsl, js ugn quholtnmn. Ougtl blg Oung Bnrals, Enfhîg y Nafjrtl al `jils `jb`l mj gujvl, shjiprj pjgsngml jg prlvjjr n gujstrls ajbtlrjs blg an ijolr hgelrinbhòg mhsplghfaj slfrj ja tjin, pjrl shjgml blgsbhjgtjs mj quj js eéshbnijgtj hiplshfaj mjbhral "tlml" slfrj R`nrjTlhgt. Jg bunaquhjr bnsl, nqué jstî ja rjsuatnml mj gujstrl trnfnol? ijsjs mj rjblphanr hgelrinbhòg, jgtjgmjran, `nbjran eugbhlgnr, mhsbuthr jgtrj glsltrls bòil prjsjgtnran na iugml y, ehgnaijgtj, jsbrhfhran mj ugn elrin al iîs bliprjgshfaj plshfaj. ]lml jstl gl plmrén sjr plshfaj shg ja hgbrjéfaj nplyl y rjspnaml hgblgmhbhlgna y shjiprj prjsjgtj mj Uhbky, an bliprjgshòg, pnbhjgbhn y nyumn mj gujstrls jmhtlrjs jg Krnshs (Jvn y Olsè Inguja) y an blgthgun blanflrnbhòg n trnvès mj tlml thpl mj bnihgls blg ihs nihcls y blajcns mj jstn y iub`ns ltrns nvjgturns (Oung Bnrals, Enfhng y Nafjrtl). Iub`ns crnbhns n tlmls. Custnvl
Mhbjg quj gl `ny 6 shg 2, y jstl js al quj `n pnsnml bungml `nbj ugls ijsjs mj gujvl gls ‑sjgtnils’ buntrl crngmjs (y albls) nihcls n `nfanr slfrj an plshfhahmnm mj jsbrhfhr ugn gujvn jmhbhòg mja ahfrl ‑fhfahn’ slfrj R`nrjTlhgt. X blil shjiprj, shjiprj, jsns blgvjrsnbhlgjs blgvjrsnbhlgjs hghbhnajs sj blgvhrthjrlg jg ug ‑vnils’, R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 jstî n pugtl mj aajcnr y bnsh tjgjils an lfahcnbhòg ilrna mj blgthgunr blg ja prlyjbtl quj jipjzò `nbj yn >4 nþls bungml Custnvl y yl jipjznils blg als prhijrls ahfrls slfrj R`nrjTlhgt 64>4. Jsbrhfhr ugn gujvn jmhbhòg mja ahfrl mj rjejrjgbhn slfrj R`nrjTlhgt jg `nfan `hspngn `n shml blil shjiprj ugn tnrjn nrmun jg an quj als nutlrjs `jils blanflrnml (`nbhjgml usl mj Ihbrlslet ]jnis blil prhgbhpna glvjmnm), n vjbjs mhsbuthml y slfrj tlml nprjgmhml ugls mj ltrls. Lfvhnijgtj, aajcnr n fujg pujrtl `n shml plshfaj crnbhns n an pnshòg y jgjrcén mj als buntrl y plr jsl jg prhijr aucnr tjgcl quj ncrnmjbjr n ihs blipnþjrls mj vhnoj (Custnvl, Enfhîg y Nafjrtl) ja quj ugn vjz iîs `nynils trnfnonml blil ugn iîquhgn pjrejbtnijgtj jgcrnsnmn pnrn, trns ugls ijsjs mj jseujrzl, blgsjcuhr aajcnr n gujstrl mjsthgl ehgna? an jmhbhòg 64>8 mj gujstrn fhfahn. Blil shjiprj, ja nplyl mj ih enihahn `n shml eugmnijgtna, tlml al quj sly y `ncl jg ih mén n mén js crnbhns n jaals, n an pnbhjgbhn quj thjgjg blgihcl (slfrj tlml ih qujrhmn Vn quja), n als ilijgtls mj mjsblgjxhòg y najcrén quj ij mn blgthgunijgtj ih pjqujþl Najx (quj yn gl js tng pjqujþl blg = nþhtls) quj js purl gjrvhl, gjrvhl, y na nplyl quj jg an mhstngbhn sè quj tjgcl mj ihs pnmrjs y ihs `jringls. Tlr ÿathil, gl quhjrl lavhmnrij mj ihs blipnþjrls mj fntnaans mj als als ÿathils nþls (jaals snfjg n què ij rjehjrl) rjehjrl) Vnen y Vufèg, nsé blil blil mj ans bliughmnmjs tèbghbns mj R`nrjTlhgt y Leehbj 25: quj shjiprj tjgcl prjsjgtjs bungml jsbrhfl ug plst pnrn ih falc l crnfl ug vémjl pnrn ih bngna Xlu]ufj. Oung Bnrals Clgzîajz Inrtég
Mj tlmns ans snthsenbbhlgjs quj jstè gujvl mjsnehò ij mjol, ugn mj ans iîs crnthehbngtjs js ja jquhpl quj `jils nrinml, aajvnils iîs mj >4 nþls trnfnongml als buntrl jg mhsthgtls prlyjbtls y als blgshmjrl iîs quj b lipnþjrls, ‑`jringls’ mj nrins. Ins naaî mj ans mhejrjgbhns quj `jils tjghml n al anrcl mja thjipl, ij fngbnrlg y nplynrlg shjiprj jg als ilijgtls mheébhajs, nprjgmé iub`l ougtl n jaals y shgbjrnijgtj quhjrl mjbhrajs, ‑crnbhns’, crnbhns Custnvl, Nafjrtl y Oung Bnrals. ]nifhèg quhjrl ncrnmjbjr n Navnrl y Onvhjr, mj Rhmjrys, ihs ltrls ‑`jringls’ mj nrins, quj `nbj bnsh 64 nþls n þls trnfnonils ougtls y shg ja nplyl quj jaals ij frhgmng sjrén iuy mheébha, bnsh hiplshfaj nerlgtnr jstls prlyjbtls. Jspjrl jstn gl sjn an ÿathin nvjgturn mj R`nrjTlhgt R `nrjTlhgt y sh an euj, jstly prleugmnijgtj prleugmn ijgtj snthsejb`l blg als tlmls als alcrls lftjghmls, als pjrslgnajs y prlejshlgnajs. Tlr ÿathil, quhjrl mnrtj ans crnbhns n vls, quj thjgjs ja ahfrl jg tus ingls y blgeéns jg glsltrls pnrn blgthgunr nprjgmhjgml slfrj R`nrjTlhgt. Enfhîg Hinz
Hcuna sly ugn pjrslgn eîbha mj ahnr jg prlyjbtls blil jstj, jsbrhfhr ugn gujvn jmhbhòg mj an fhfahn mj R`nrjTlhgt, pjrl gl js mja tlml bhjrtl. Ré quj rjblglzbl quj ij custng als snrnls y quj ij aél blg bunaquhjr tjin quj tjg cn quj vjr blg nplrtnr n ltrns pjrslgns blglbhihjgtl, shg jifnrcl, gl sujal jifnrbnrij jg jstj thpl mj nbbhlgjs shg quj tlmls als hgtjcrngtjs mja jquhpl nplrtjils gujstrl crnghtl mj nrjgn. Custnvl, Oung Bnrals y Enfhîg slg, nmjiîs mj crngmjs nihcls, n ihcls, als ijolrjs ijolrjs blipnþjrls mj trnfnol, quj mng tlml al quj thjgjg pnrn blgsjcuhr als lfojthvls. ^uhjrl ncrnmjbjrajs quj ij pjrihtng mén n mén elrinr pnrtj mj su jquhpl, jg ans èplbns fujgns y jg ans èplbns gl tng fujgns, shjiprj jstnils pnrn blipnrthr ja blglbhihjgtl n als mjiîs. Rhipajijgtj jspjrl quj sj gls shcng lburrhjgml prlyjbtls mlgmj trnfn onr ougtls. Ih thjipl jg jstj prlyjbtl sj al mjfl n Ihrhni, shg su nplyl y pnbhjgbhn gl sjrén plshfaj plmjr mjmhbnraj tngtns `lrns n jsbrhfhr. Ròal pujml mjbhrtj CVNBHNR plr jstnr shjiprj n ih anml. Tlr su pujstl, ncrnmjbjr tnifhèg n Rngty, Nmrhng, Rjrchl, quj, ougtl n JG BNIHGN, ij nyumng n trnfnonr jg al quj ij custn y blil ij custn, quj blipnrtjg ih elrin mj `nbjr ans blsns y ij suerjg jg als ilijgtls mheébhajs, pjrl tnifhèg jstîg jg als ilijgtls fujgls. Blg jaals js iîs eîbha mjmhbnraj ih thjipl n jsbrhfhr jstj ahfrl plrquj shjgtjs quj elrin pnrtj mja trnfnol quj jspjrng mj ié. Rh jstîs ajyjgml jstj ncrnmjbhihjgtl tj tlbn n th, plr blgehnr jg gujstrl trnfnol y elrinr pnrtj mj jstn crng enihahn quj R`nrjTlhgt `n eugmnml, jspjrl quj gls vjnils jg bunaquhjr jvjgtl l ajyjgml an rjvhstn jg an quj als buntrl trnfnonils, BlipnrthILRR Nafjrtl Ménz
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Blgtjghml NCVNMJBHIHJG]LR NCVNMJBHIHJG]L R ...................................................... .......................... ....................................................... ........................................... ................ : BLG]JGHML ............................................................................................................... 3 NZ]LVJR ................................................................................................................... >8 BNVNB]JVÉR]HBNR MJTVJBNMNR X JAHIHGNMNR ....................................... 6> TVJRJG]NBHÒG ........................................................................... ................................................ ....................................................... ............................ 62 BNTÉ]ZAL >? NV^ZH]JB]ZVN MJ R@NVJTLHG] R@N VJTLHG] 64>8................................. 64>8......... ........................ 63 >.6.2.=.-
Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................... ............................. 63 Gujvls aéihtjs mja Rletwnrj ................................................................................................... 60 Brjnbhòg rîphmn mj shthls ......................................................................................................... 68 Nrquhtjbturn mj IhgVlaj ......................................................................................................... 68 =.>.- Rjrvhbhls nslbhnmls n bnmn IhgVlaj .......................................................................... 24 =.6.- Mhsjþl mj IhgVlaj ................................................................ ............................... ................................................................... ........................................ ...... 2: =.2.- Jsbjgnrhls y ]lplalcén ]lplalc én.................................................................... .................................. ............................................................... ............................. 25 =.=.- Vjblijgmnbhlgjs mj IhgVlaj ................................................................................... 23 =.:.- Fjgjehbhls mj IhgVlaj .................................................................................................. 23 :.- Nrquhtjbturn @éfrhmn ................................................................................................................ 20 :.>.- Angznmlr mj Npahbnbhlgjs Jxtjgshfaj ........................................................................ 20 :.6.- Vjmhrjbbhòg mja Tjreha mja Zsunrhl ............................................................................. 28 :.2.- Rhthls @éfrhmls ................................................................................................................ 28 :.=.- LgjMrhvj pnrn Jiprjsns............................................................................................. 28 :.:.- Fÿsqujmn @éfrhmn jg an gufj ...................................................................................... 28 :.5.- Fÿsqujmn @éfrhmn Ejmjrnmn ........................................................................................ 28 :.3.- ]nxlglién y ]hpls mj Blgtjghmls Bl gtjghmls `éfrhmls .......................................................... ............................... ........................... =4 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................... =4
BNTÉ]ZAL 6? HGR]NANBHÒG MJ R@NVJTLHG] R@NVJTL HG] 64>8 ..................................... ............................ ......... => >.6.2.=.-
Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................... ............................. => Trjrrjquhshtls ............................................................................................................................. =6 Ujrshlgjs mj R`nrjTlhgt .......................................................................................................... =: Hgstnanbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt......................................................................................................... =5 =.>.- Blgehcurnbhòg Blgehcurn bhòg mja sjrvhmlr s jrvhmlr .................................................................. ................................. ......................................................... ........................ :4 =.6.- Blgehcurnbhòg y pujstn jg inrb`n mj ans Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl.................. :2 =.2.- Tnrthbuanrhmnmjs mj ugn hgstnanbhòg mj thpl Crngon mj vnrhls sjrvhmlrjs ........ :0 :.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................... 5>
BNTÉ]ZAL 2? NMIHGHR]VNBHÒG NMIHGHR]VNBH ÒG ..................................................... .......................... .............................................. ................... 52 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmub bhòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................... ............................. 52 6.- Nmihghstrnbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt ............................................................................................... 5= 6.>.- An Nmihghstrnbhòg Bjgtrna mj R`nrjTlhgt .............................................................. 5= 6.>.>.- Nmihghstrnbhòg mj npahbnbhlgjs .......................................................................... 5: 6.>.6.- Blgehcurnbhòg Blgehcurn bhòg mja shstjin.................................................................. ................................ .................................................... .................. 3> 6.>.2.- Rupjrvhshòg .............................................................................................................. 3= 6.>.=.- Blphn mj sjcurhmnm y rjstnurnbhò r jstnurnbhògg .................................................................. ................................. ..................................... 30 6.>.:.- Rjcurhmnm .................................................................... ................................... ................................................................... .............................................. ............ 06 6.>.5.- Nbtunahznbhòg y ihcrnbhòg .................................................................................... 05 6.>.3.- Blgehcurnbhòg mj npahbnbhòg cjgjrna ................................................................. 05 6.>.0.- Npahbnbhlgjs ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. ............................................. ............ 00 6.>.8.- Leehbj 25: ................................................................................................................ 00 6.>.>4.- Nshstjgtjs mj blgehcurnbhòg .......................................................................... 08 6.6.- Nmihghstrnbhòg blg Shgmlws TlwjrR`jaa.............................................................. 08 6.2.- Nmihghstrnbhòg blg ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls ............................................................. 86 6.=.- Nmihghstrnbhòg mj IhgVlaj ................................................................. ................................ ......................................................... ........................ 82 6.=.>.- Nmihghstrnr sjrvhmlrjs jg jstn Crngon ............................................................ 82 6.=.6.- Nmihghstrnr als sjrvhbhls mj jstj blgougtl mj sjrvhmlrjs .......................... 8= 6.=.2.- Nmihghstrnr sjrvhbhls jg ja sjrvhmlr sjr vhmlr ................................................................ ................................ .................................. 8: 6.=.=.- Bnifhnr ja rla mj ug sjrvhmlr ............................................................................ 85 2.- Nbtunahznbhòg mjsmj R`nrjTlhgt 64>5................................................................................... 85 2.>.- Nbtunahznbhòg ijmhngtj an tèbghbn mj nmougtnml mj FM ....................................... 83 2.>.>.- Nbtunahznbhòg mj Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthls .......................................................... >46 2.6.- Ltrns plshfhahmnmjs mj nbtunahznbhòg ....................................................................... >46 =.- Nbtunahznbhlgjs Nbtunahzn bhlgjs shg mjtjgbhòg mj Rjrvhbhl ..................................................................... .................................. ....................................... .... >42 =.>.- Tnrb`jl mj als Fhgnrhls ................................................................... ................................. ............................................................. ........................... >42 =.6.- Nbtunahznbhòg Nbtunahzn bhòg fuham-tl-fuham................................................................. ................................ ....................................................... ...................... >42 :.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. >42
BNTÉ]ZAL =? HG]VLMZBBHÒG N AN TVLCVNINBHÒG MJ R@NVJTLHG] .....................................................................................................................................>4: >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... >4: 6.- Nrquhtjbturn Nrquhtjbt urn y tnxlglién tn xlglién mj R`nrjTlhgt R `nrjTlhgt ................................................................ ................................ .......................................... .......... >45 2.- Trhgbhphls mj prlcrninbhòg prlcrn inbhòg blg R`nrjTlhgt................................................................. ................................ ..................................... .... >>4 2.>.- Ja pngja png ja mja mjsnrrlaanmlr ................................................................ .............................. ............................................................ .......................... >>5 2.6.- Ja jxpalrnmlr mj sjrvhmlrjs...................................................................................... >>3 2.2.- Brjnbhòg mj ug prlyjbtl pr lyjbtl mj Uhsuna Rtumhl 64>3 ................................................. ................................. ................ >>0 =.- Trjpnrnr Jgtlrgl mj mjsnrrlaal pnrn pn rn RTEx ................................................................... ................................ ....................................... .... >6> =.>.- Hgstnanr Hgstna nr GlmjOR ................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................ .......... >6> =.6.- Hgstnanr Hgstna nr Xjling y Cuap ................................................................... ................................. ............................................................. ........................... >66 =.2.- Jmhtlrjs mj Bòmhcl ................................................................ .............................. ................................................................... ..................................... .... >66 :.- Nbbjsl n mntls fnsnml fnsn ml jg VJR] ................................................................ .............................. ............................................................ .......................... >66 5.- Ilmjal mj nutjgthbnbhòg y Nutlrhznbhòg fnsnml jg LNut` ........................................ >6= 3.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. >6: vhhh
BNTÉ]ZAL :? NTAHBNBHLGJR SJF ..................................................................>63 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... >63 6.- Blgbjptl mj Npahbnbhòg Sjf................................................................... ................................. ............................................................. ........................... >63 2.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Npahbnbhlgjs Sjf mjsmj an hgtjrenz mj usunrhl >60 =.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Npahbnbhlgjs Sjf mjsmj ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Rjrvhmlr ............................................................................................................................................ >20 :.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Npahbnbhlgjs Sjf mjsmj TlwjrR`jaa .................. >=2 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. >=:
BNTÉ]ZAL 5? BLAJBBHLGJR MJ RH]HLR.........................................................>=3 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... >=3 6.- Blgbjptl mj Blajbbhòg mj Rhthls........................................................................................ >=0 6.>.- Brjnbhòg y blgehcurnbhòg blge hcurnbhòg mj Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthls Rhthl s............................................ .................................. .......... >=0 6.6.- Tangthaans mj bultn y falqujl .................................................................................... >54 6.2.- Blgehrinr ja j a usl y an jahihgnbhòg jahihgnb hòg mja shthl ............................................................ ................................. ........................... >56 6.=.- Brjnbhòg mj Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthls shg hgtjrvjgbhòg mja nmihghstrnmlr ........ >52 6.:.- Tîchgn prhgbhpna mj R`nrjTlhgt .................................................................. ................................ .................................................. ................ >55 6.5.- Rlahbhtumjs mj nbbjsl j hgvhtnbhlgjs........................................................................ >53 2.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthls mjsmj ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Rjrvhmlr ..................................................................................................................... >58 =.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthls mjsmj aégjn mj blingmls .... ............................................................................................................................................... >3: =.>.- Brjnbhòg rîphmn mj Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthls............................................................. >33 =.6.- Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthl ‑@lst -Gnijm’.................................................................. ................................ ...................................... .... >04 :.- Fnsjs mj Mntls mj Blgtjghmls ................................................................. ................................ ............................................................ ........................... >0> 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. >02
BNTÉ]ZAL 3? RH]HLR .............................................................................................>0: >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... >0: 6.- Blgbjptl mj Rhthl ................................................................................................................... >05 2.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Rhthls mjsmj an Hgtjrenz mj Zsunrhl ....................... >00 2.>.- Nbbjsl n ug Rhthl mj R`nrjTlhgt mjsmj ug mhsplshthvl iòvha ........................... 64> 2.>.>.- Npahbnbhòg iòvha mj R`nrjTlhgt .................................................................... ................................. ....................................... .... 646 2.6.- Tîchgns mj uthahmnm jspjbhnajs jg Rhthls mj R`nrjTlhgt ....................................... 64: 2.6.>.- Tîchgn Blgtjghmls mja shthl ............................................................................... 645 2.6.6.- Tîchgn mj Zsl mja shthl........................................................................................ 645 =.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Rhthls mjsmj ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Rjrvhmlr 643 :.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Rhthls mjsmj TlwjrR`jaa .......................................... 6>6 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 6>2
BNTÉ]ZAL 0? AHR]NR X FHFAHL]JBNR .............................................................6>: >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 6>: 6.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Ahstns mjsmj an Hgtjrenz mj Zsunrhl Baîshbn ........ 6>5
2.- Brjnbhòg, blgehcurnbhòg y usl mj Ahstns mjsmj an Hgtjrenz mj Zsunrhl blg jxpjrhjgbhn Ilmjrgn..................................................................................................................... 666 =.- Zsl mja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Rjrvhmlr pnrn brjnr y blgehcurnr Ahstns .................. 66= :.- Zsl mj TlwjrR`jaa blg Ahstns ................................................................... ................................. ............................................................. ........................... 622 5.- Brjnbhòg mj mjehghbhlgjs mj Ahstns usngml us ngml Uhsuna Rtumhl R tumhl .............................................. ............................... ............... 62: 3.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 623
BNTÉ]ZAL 8? ]HTLR MJ BLG]JGHML X BLAZIGNR MJ RH]HL ...............628 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 628 6.- Blauigns mj Rhthl ................................................................................................................... 6=4 2.- ]hpls mj Blgtjghml .................................................................... ................................... ................................................................... ............................................ .......... 6== 2.>.- Îifhtls mj ]hpls mj Blgtjghml ................................................................... ................................. ............................................ .......... 6:4 2.6.- Nbtunahznbhòg mj ]hpls mj Blgtjghml .................................................................... 6:4 =.- Cjsthòg y usl mjsmj R`nrjTlhgt R`nr jTlhgt Mjshcgjr .................................................................... ................................. ....................................... .... 6:> :.- Cjsthòg y usl mjsmj ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Rjrvhmlr .............................................. 6:2 :.>.- Ingjol prlcrniîthbl mj Blauigns mj Rhthls....................................................... ................................. ...................... 6:2 :.6.- Ingjol prlcrniîthbl mj ]hpls mj Blgtjghml ..................................................... ................................ ..................... 6:8 5.- Brjnbhòg mjbanrnthvn mjban rnthvn mj ]hpls mj Blgtjghml Blgtj ghml mjsmj Uhsuna Uhsun a Rtumhl ............................. 65> 3.- Blauigns mj Fÿsqujmn ................................................................... .................................. .................................................................... ....................................... .... 65: 0.- Blauigns pjrslgnahznmns....................................................................................................... 63> 8.- Brjnbhòg mj ]hpls mj Blgtjghml Blgt jghml blg TlwjrR`jaa TlwjrR `jaa ......................................................... ................................ ......................... 635 8.>.- Brjnbhòg mj Blauigns mj Rhthl ............................................................................... 635 8.6.- Brjnbhòg mj ]hpls mj Blgtjghml .................................................................. ................................ ............................................ .......... 633 >4.- Blgbaushlgjs ......................................................................................................................... 630
BNTÉ]ZAL >4? >4 ? ILMJAL MJ LFOJ]LR LFOJ ]LR JG BAHJG]J X NTH VJR] ..............638 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 638 6.- Ilmjal mj Lfojtls jg Bahjgtj ............................................................................................ 60> 6.>.- Hipajijgtnbhòg Hipajijgtn bhòg .GJ] ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. ................................. 60= 6.6.- Hipajijgtnbhòg Hipajijgtn bhòg JBINRbrhpt JBINRbrhpt .................................................................. ................................ .................................................. ................ 603 6.2.- NTH mj Rjrvhbhls VJR] y LMntn ................................................................ ............................... ................................................ ............... 68> 6.=.- R`nrjTlhgt Tnttjrgs ngm Trnbthbjs (TgT) ............................................................... 688 6.:.- ORAhgk, pjrslgnahzn pjrslgnahznrr als bnipls mj ugn Ahstn Baîshbn Baîshbn.............. ...................... ............... .............. ............. ......688 2.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 248
BNTÉ]ZAL >>? INGJONMLVJR MJ JUJG]LR X ]VNFNOLR MJ ]JITLVH_NMLV ....................................................................................................2>> >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 2>> 6.- Ingjonmlrjs Ingjonmlrj s mj Jvjgtls Jvj gtls ................................................................. ................................ .................................................................... ....................................... .... 2>6 6.>.- Nrquhtjbturn y plshfhahmnmjs...................................................................................... 2>2 6.6.- Trlcrninbhòg Trlcrnin bhòg mj Ingjonmlrjs I ngjonmlrjs mj Jvjgtls ........................................................... ................................ ........................... 2>= 6.2.- Hgstnanbhòg y usl mj Ingjonmlrjs mj Jvjgtls ...................................................... 2>8 2.- Sjf`llks ............................................................... .............................. .................................................................. .................................................................. ................................. 26> 2.>.- Nrquhtjbturn Nrquhtjbt urn mj Sjf`llks ................................................................ ................................ ...................................................... ...................... 266 2.6.- Trlcrninbhòg Trlcrnin bhòg mj Sjf`llks ................................................................ .............................. ...................................................... .................... 26= x
=.- ]rnfnols mj ]jiplrhznmlr ................................................................................................... 263 =.>.- Cjsthòg y Zsl mjsmj an a n Nmihghstrnbhòg Nmihghstrnb hòg Bjgtrna ................................................. ................................. ................ 260 =.6.- Cjsthòg y usl mjsmj an Aégjn Aégj n mj Blingmls Bl ingmls......................................................... ................................ ......................... 22> =.2.- Cjsthòg y usl ijmhngtj ij mhngtj ja j a Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Rjrvhmlr Rjrv hmlr............................ 22> =.=.- Trlcrninbhòg mj ]rnfnols mj ]jiplrhznmlr ...................................................... 22: :.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 228
BNTÉ]ZAL >6? R@NVJTLHG] MJRHCGJV 64>2 ...............................................2=> >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 2=> 6.- Zsl mj R`nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr 64>2 ...................................................................................... 2=2 6.>.- Rjbbhòg Rhthls mj trnfnol ............................................................................................ 2=3 6.6.- Rjbbhòg Ahstns y fhfahltjbns........................................................................................ 2:> 6.2.- Rjbbhòg Tîchgns Tî chgns mja shthl .................................................................. ................................ ............................................................. ........................... 2:: 6.=.- Rjbbhòg Nbthvls mja shthl ............................................................................................ 2:0 6.:.- Rjbbhòg ]hpls ]hpl s mj blgtjghml ................................................................ ................................ ...................................................... ...................... 2:0 6.5.- Rjbbhòg Blauigns mj shthl ........................................................................................ 2:8 6.3.- Rjbbhòg Lrécjgjs L récjgjs mj mntls .................................................................. ................................. ....................................................... ...................... 254 6.0.- Rjbbhòg Tîchgns Tî chgns prhgbhpnajs .................................................................. ................................. ....................................................... ...................... 25> 6.8.- Rjbbhòg Mhsjþls mj pîchgn ........................................................................................ 252 6.>4.Rjbbhòg Crupls mj shthl ..................................................................................... 252 6.>>.Rjbbhòg Rufshthls ................................................................. ................................ .................................................................. ................................. 25= 6.>6.Rjbbhòg ]lmls als nrb`hvls ................................................................ ............................... ................................................ ............... 25= 2.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg Tjrslgnahzn bhòg blg R`nrjTlhgt R` nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr Mjshc gjr ..................................................................... .................................. ....................................... .... 25: 2.>.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg mj pîchgns......................................................................................... 255 2.6.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg mj pîchgns injstrns....................................................................... 232 2.2.- Brjnbhòg mj ug Mhsjþl mj pîchgn............................................................................ 238 =.- ]rnfnol blg Uhstns mj Mntls ................................................................................................ 20> :.- Nmihghstrnbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr .................................................................. ................................ ............................................ .......... 284 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 286
BNTÉ]ZAL >2? EAZOLR MJ ]VNFNOL ................................................................282 >.6.2.=.:.5.3.-
Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 282 Nrquhtjbturn Nrquhtjbt urn................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 28= Blgehcurnbhòg mj Shgmlws Nzurj Slrkealw................................................................. 285 Blgehcurnbhòg j hipajijgtnbhòg mj Eauols mj ]rnfnol y Eauols plr mjejbtl .......... =4> Brjnbhòg mj Eauols mj ]rnfnol blg Uhshl .......................................................................... =42 Brjnbhòg mj Eauols blg b lg R`nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr M jshcgjr 64>2 ........................................................ ............................... ......................... =45 Brjnbhòg mj Eauols mj ]rnfnol blg Uhsuna Rtumhl ........................................................... =>: 3.>.- Brjnbhòg mj ug Eauol................................................................................................... =>3 0.- Brjnbhòg mj nbthvhmnmjs pnrn Eauols ................................................................................... =62 0.>.- Brjnbhòg mj nbthvhmnmjs nbt hvhmnmjs blg Uhsuna Rtumhl Rt umhl............................................................ ................................. ........................... =62 8.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. =63
BNTÉ]ZAL >=? HG]JVEN_ MJ ZRZNVHL ..........................................................=68 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... =68
6.- Ilmhehbnbhòg mj an Hgtjrenz uthahzngml an blgehcurnbhòg mja shthl .................................. =26 2.- Tîchgns Injstrns ...................................................................................................................... =22 =.- @lons mj Jsthals ................................................................. ................................ .................................................................. ....................................................... ...................... =28 =.>.- Zsl mj an Hgtjrenz mj Zsunrhl pnrn bnifhnr ans @lons mj Jsthals .................... ==4 =.6.- Ilmhehbnbhòg mj ans @lons mj Jsthal plr mjejbtl jg Rhthls baîshbls ................ ==> =.2.- Ncrjcnr ugn gujvn @lon mj Jsthals jg an mjehghbhòg mj ug Rhthl baîshbl ......... ==6 =.=.- Ilmhehbnbhòg mj @lons mj Jsthals prlcrniîthbnijgtj........................................ ==2 :.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg mj Ijgÿs ..................................................................................................... ==2 :.>.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg Tjrslgnahzn bhòg mja Ijgÿ mj Hghbhl H ghbhl Vîphml Vîp hml ........................................................... ................................ ........................... ==2 :.6.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg mj an Fnrrn @lrhzlgtna .................................................................. === :.2.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg mj als ijgÿs mj Bhgtn (Rhthls baîshbls) .................................... ==: :.=.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg mja Angznmlr mj Npahbnbhlgjs ..................................................... ==3 5.- ]rnfnol blg ]jins ................................................................................................................. ==8 5.>.- Zsl mj an Hgtjrenz mj Zsunrhl pnrn npahbnr ug ]jin .......................................... ==8 5.6.- Brjnbhòg mj ]jins baîshbls gujvls ....................................................................... =:4 5.2.- Brjnbhòg mj gujvls ]jins ilmjrgl ................................................................ ............................... ..................................... .... =:> 3.- Ujgtngns Ilmnajs ................................................................... ................................. ................................................................... ................................................. ................ =:> 0.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. =:2
BNTÉ]ZAL >:? SJFTNV]R ..................................................................................=:: >.- Zsl mj SjfTnrts mjsmj an Hgtjrenz mj Zsunrhl .............................................................. =:: >.>.- Zsl mj SjfTnrts baîshbns ......................................................................................... =:5 >.6.- Cnajrén mj jajijgtls wjf (SjfTnrts baîshbns) ................................................... ................................ ................... =:0 >.2.- Zsl mj SjfTnrts SjfTnrt s ilmjrgns .................................................................................... ..................................................... ............................... =54 6.- SjfTnrts Baîshbns plr mjejbtl ........................................................................................... =5> 6.>.- SjfTnrt Jmhtlr mj Blgtjghml Blgtj ghml................................................................. ................................ ................................................. ................ =5> 6.6.- SjfTnrt Blgsuatn Blgsuat n mj Blgtjghml Blgt jghml ................................................................. ................................ ........................................... .......... =56 2.- SjfTnrts ilmjrgns plr mjejbtl........................................................................................ =5= =.- Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj SjfTnrts Baîshbns ....................................................................... =5: =.>.- SjfTnrts Uhsunajs ................................................................ ................................ ................................................................... ....................................... .... =53 =.6.- Tjrslgnahznbhòg Tjrslgnahzn bhòg mja Tngja mj Blgtrla ................................................................. ................................ ..................................... .... =34 =.2.- Blgjxhlgjs jgtrj SjfTnrts SjfTnr ts................................................................ .............................. ...................................................... .................... =3= =.=.- Mjspahjcuj mjsmj ugn slaubhòg ............................................................................ ......................................... ....................................... .... =30 :.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. =38
BNTÉ]ZAL >5? R@NVJTLHG] EVNIJSLVK (RTEP) ....................................=0> >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... =0> 6.- Nrquhtjbturn mj RTEx.............................................................................................................. =06 2.- @jrrnihjgtns mj prlcrninbhlg pnrn RTEx ....................................................................... =06 2.>.- Hgstnanbhòg mj ans `jrrnihjgtns mj mjsnrrlaal pnrn RTEx................................... =02 2.>.>.- GlmjOR ................................................................... ................................. ................................................................... ................................................. ................ =02 2.>.6.- Xjling y Cuap Cu ap................................................................ .............................. ................................................................... ..................................... .... =0= 2.>.2.- Cjgjrnmlr mj Xjling pnrn R`nrjTlhgt R `nrjTlhgt ........................................................ ............................... ......................... =0= 2.>.=.- Hgstnanr ug bjrthehbnml albna................................................................................ =0: 2.>.:.- Hgstnanbhòg mj Uhsuna Rtumhl Blmj ................................................................... =0: 2.>.5.- Blgehcurnbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt ............................................................................ =05 xhh
=.:.-
5.3.-
2.>.3.- Ja R`nrjTlhgt Slrkfjgb` ................................................................................. =03 Brjnbhòg mj SjfTnrts blg RTEx .................................................................. ................................. ....................................................... ...................... =03 Hgstnanbhlg Hgstna nbhlg mj bliplgjgtjs bliplg jgtjs RTEx jg R`nrjTlhgt ............................................................ ................................. ........................... =8> :.>.- Mjspahjcuj mjsmj ja bliputnmlr mj mjsnrrlaal mjsnrrla al .................................................. .................................. ................ =8> :.6.- Mjspahjcuj mjsmj ugn Fhfahltjbn Fhfahlt jbn mj R`nrjTlhgt R`nr jTlhgt .................................................. .................................. ................ =86 :.2.- Mjspahjcuj mjsmj ja BMG mj Nzurj ...................................................................... =82 Jxtjgshlgjs mj RTEx ................................................................... .................................. ................................................................... ............................................ .......... =8: Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. =83
BNTÉ]ZAL >3? BNVNB]JVÉR]HBNR X RLAZBHLGJR ...................................=88 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... =88 6.- Bnrnbtjrésthbns .......................................................................................................................... :44 6.>.- Blgbjptl mj îifhtl mj Bnrnbtjrésthbn Bnrnbtjr ésthbn .................................................................. ................................. ................................. :>2 6.6.- Brjnbhòg mj Bnrnbtjrésthbns blg Uhsuna Rtumhl 64>3.......................................... :>= 6.2.- Hgstnanbhòg y cjsthòg mj Bnrnbtjrésthbns ................................................................. :6> 6.2.>.- Cjsthòg mj Bnrnbtjrésthbns Bnrnb tjrésthbns blg TlwjrR`jaa .................................................. .................................. ................ :66 6.=.- Trlcrninbhòg mj Bnrnbtjrésthbns ............................................................................. :62 6.=.>.- Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Rjrvhmlr pnrn Bnrnbtjrésthbns ................................ :62 6.=.6.- Ingjonmlrjs mj jvjgtls pnrn Bnrnbtjrésthbns .............................................. :63 6.=.2.- Nbtunahznbhòg mj Bnrnbtjrésthbns ...................................................................... :2> 2.- Rlaubhlgjs ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. .................................................................. ................................. :2= 2.>.- Brjnbhòg j hgstnanbhòg mj Rlaubhlgjs blg Uhsuna Rtumhl .................................. ............................... ... :2= 2.6.- Hgstnanbhòg y cjsthòg mj Rlaubhlgjs ......................................................................... :20 2.6.>.- Cjsthòg mj Rlaubhlgjs ijmhngtj an hgtjrenz mj usunrhl ............................. :20 2.6.6.- Hgstnanbhòg Hgstna nbhòg y cjsthòg c jsthòg mj Rlaubhlgjs blg bl g TlwjrR`jaa ................................... ................................ ... :28 2.6.2.- Cjsthòg mj Rlaubhlgjs blg ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls ..................................... :=> =.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. :=6
BNTÉ]ZAL >0? CJR]HÒG MJ BLG]JGHML SJF X AN BNVNB]JVÉR]HBN MJ TZFAHBNBHÒG ..................................................................................................:=2 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... :=2 6.- Cjsthòg mj Blgtjghml Sjf baîshbl ................................................................................... :== 6.>.- Nbthvnbhòg y Zsl ijmhngtj an Hgtjrenz H gtjrenz mj Zsunrhl .............................................. ............................... ............... :== 6.6.- Brjnbhòg mj blgtjghml blg tjghml.................................................................... .................................. ............................................................. ........................... :=3 6.2.- Unrhngtjs ........................................................................................................................ ::4 6.=.- Gnvjcnbhòg Gnvjcnbh òg Nmihghstrnmn Nmihghstrn mn plr ijmhl mj Blgougtl Blg ougtl mj ]èrihgls ................... ::6 6.:.- Tufahbnbhòg mj blgtjghml blgtj ghml ................................................................ ............................... ............................................................ ........................... ::= 6.5.- Bngnajs mj Mhsplshthvls ............................................................................................. ::3 6.3.- Vjprjsjgtnbhlgjs Vjprjsjgtnb hlgjs mj hiîcjgjs (Vjgmhbhlgjs) ...................................................... ................................ ...................... ::0 6.0.- Ja Nmihghstrnmlr mj Mhsjþls .................................................................. ................................ .................................................. ................ ::8 6.8.- Trlphjmnmjs mj RJL (Rjnrb` Jgchgj Lpthihznthlg) ........................................... :56 6.>4.Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Tufahbnbhòg ................................................................. :52 6.>4.>.- Gnvjcnbhòg Gnvjcn bhòg ................................................................ .............................. ................................................................... ..................................... .... :52 6.>4.6.- Brjnbhòg mj Tîchgns mj Tufahbnbhòg prlcrniîthbnijgtj ................... :5: 6.>4.2.- Brjnbhòg mj Mhsjþls mj Tîchgn pnrn Tîchgns mj Tufahbnbhòg ............ :53 6.>4.=.- Mjspahjcuj mj Blgtjghml .................................................................. ................................ ............................................ .......... :50
2.- Cjsthòg mj Blgtjghml Sjf Ilmjrgl .............................................................................. :58 2.>.- Brjnbhòg mj ug Rhthl mj Bliughbnbhòg ................................................................. ................................ ................................. :34 2.>.>.- Brjnbhòg mjsmj an Nmihghstrnbhòg Nmihghstrn bhòg Bjgtrna. Bjgtrn a. .................................................. .................................. ................ :34 2.>.6.- Brjnbhòg mjsmj TlwjrR`jaa. ............................................................................. :3> 2.>.2.- Brjnbhòg mjsmj an pîchgn prhgbhpna mj R`nrjTlhgt R`n rjTlhgt ....................................... ................................... .... :3> 2.6.- ]rnfnol blg pîchgns pîc hgns ilmjrgns ilmjrgn s................................................................. ................................ ................................................. ................ :36 2.6.>.- Mhsjþl mj ugn pîchgn pîc hgn ilmjrgn .................................................................... ................................. ....................................... .... :32 2.6.6.- Bhbal mj vhmn mj pîchgns ilmjrgns ................................................................. :35 2.2.- SjfTnrts mhsplghfajs jg ug Rhthl mj Bliughbnbhòg .......................................... ................................ .......... :33 2.2.>.- SjfTnrts mj tjxtl, jajijgtls iuathijmhn y blgtjghml ........................... :30 2.2.6.- SjfTnrts mj mjtjbbhòg mjtj bbhòg................................................................ ................................ ...................................................... ...................... :04 2.2.2.- SjfTnrts mj bliughbnbhòg y blanflrnbhòg.................................................. :0> 2.2.=.- SjfTnrts mj hgtjahcjgbhn jiprjsnrhna ............................................................ :06 2.=.- ]rnfnol blg glthbhns glthbh ns ilmjrgns ................................................................ ................................ ................................................ ................ :06 2.:.- Ilmjal mj lfojtl pnrn pîchgns ilmjrgns ............................................................ :02 =.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. :0=
BNTÉ]ZAL >8? BLGJB]HUHMNM MJ MN]LR MJ GJCLBHL ........................:03 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... :03 6.- Ja Rjrvhbhl mj FBR ................................................................................................................... :00 2.- Brjnbhòg mj slaubhlgjs shg bòmhcl blg RTM .................................................................... :82 2.>.- Brjnbhòg mj ug Hm. mj Npahbnbhòg jg an Npahbnbhòg mj Rjrvhbhl mj Rjrvhbhl mj Nainbjgnihjgtl Rjcurl....................................................................................................... 545 =.- Brjnbhòg mj slaubhlgjs FBR FB R blg Uhsuna Rtumhl ............................................................... ................................ ............................... 540 =.>.- Ilmjal mj Lfojtls jg Bahjgtj y NTH VJR] pnrn FBR ....................................... 5>3 =.>.>.- NTH VJR] pnrn FBR ............................................................................................. 564 =.6.- FBR y Nmm-hgs ................................................................... .................................. ................................................................... ............................................ .......... 564 =.2.- Ingjonmlrjs mj Jvjgtls, najrtns y glthehbnbhlgjs ............................................... 56= :.- Nmihghstrnbhòg mj JB]s ................................................................. ................................ .................................................................... ....................................... .... 56: 5.- Hgtjcrnbhòg mj FBR blg an suhtj Ihbrlslet Leehbj ........................................................... 563 3.- Ltrns plshfhahmnmjs mj hgtjcrnbhòg hgtjcrn bhòg mj FBR ................................................................... ................................ ....................................... .... 524 0.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 522
BNTÉ]ZAL 64? L]VLR RJVUHBHLR? UHRHL, SLVM, TVLOJB] RJVUJV 64>8 X LEEHBJ LGAHGJ RJVUJV ..................................................................................52: >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 52: 6.- Rjrvhbhls mj Uhshl .................................................................... .................................. ................................................................... ................................................. ................ 525 6.>.- Nrquhtjbturn Nrquhtjbt urn ................................................................ ................................ .................................................................. .................................................. ................ 525 6.6.- Nmihghstrnbhòg ............................................................................................................. 523 6.2.- Brjnbhòg y pufahbnbhòg mj mhncrnins Uhshl ........................................................... ................................ ........................... 523 2.- Rjrvhbhls mj Nutlinthznbhòg Nutlint hznbhòg mj Slrm Sl rm............................................................... .............................. ................................................ ............... 528 2.>.- Nrquhtjbturn Nrquhtjbt urn ................................................................ ................................ .................................................................. .................................................. ................ 528 2.6.- Nmihghstrnbhòg ............................................................................................................. 5=4 2.2.- Zsl prlcrniîthbl prlcrniî thbl mj als Rjrvhbhls mj Nutlinthznbhòg Nutlint hznbhòg mj Slrm .................. 5=> =.- Trlojbt Rjrvjr 64>8 ................................................................................................................ 5=6 =.>.- Nrquhtjbturn Nrquhtjbt urn ................................................................ ................................ .................................................................. .................................................. ................ 5=2 xhv
=.6.- Brjnbhòg mj an Npahbnbhòg mj Rjrvhbhl mj Trlojbt Rjrvjr 64>8 ....................... 5=2 =.2.- Brjnbhòg mj an Blajbbhòg mj Rhthls mj Trlojbt Rjrvjr 64>8 ............................ 5=: :.- Leehbj Lgahgj Rjrvjr ................................................................... .................................. ................................................................... ............................................ .......... 5=5 :.>.- Hgstnanbhòg y Blgehcurnbhòg ....................................................................................... 5=3 :.>.>.- Trjrrjquhshtls mj Hgstnanbhòg............................................................................. 5=3 :.>.6.- Hgstnanbhòg mj Leehbj Lgahgj Rjrvjr ................................................................ 5=0 :.>.2.- Hgstnanbhòg Hgstna nbhòg mj als Tnqujtjs mj Hmhlin H mhlin ............................................................ ................................. ........................... 5=8 :.>.=.- Blgehcurnbhòg Blgehcurn bhòg mj Leehbj Lgahgj Rjrvjr Rjr vjr.......................................................... ................................ .......................... 5:4 :.6.- Blgehcurnbhòg Blgehcurn bhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8................................................................ ................................ .......................................... .......... 5:> 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 5:6
BNTÉ]ZAL 6>? FßR^ZJMN..................................................................................5:: >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 5:: 6.- Ujrshlgjs mja Iltlr mj Fÿsqujmn ................................................................ ................................ ...................................................... ...................... 5:5 2.- Blgehcurnbhòg ........................................................................................................................... 5:5 2.>.- Zsl mj an Hgtjrenz mj Zsunrhl pnrn pnr n blgehcurnr blgehc urnr ja iltlr ilt lr mj fÿsqujmn ........... 5:5 2.6.- TlwjrR`jaa pnrn an blgehcurnbhòg mj ans fÿsqujmns ............................................ 556 =.- Zsl y Bjgtrl mj Fÿsqujmns ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. ................................. 55= =.>.- Zsl mja iltlr mj fÿsqujmn jg Rhthls baîshbls ..................................................... ................................ ..................... 55= =.6.- Zsl mja iltlr mj fÿsqujmn jg Rhthls ilmjrgls................................................ ................................ ................ 553 =.2.- Ja Bjgtrl mj Fÿsqujmn............................................................................................... 553 =.2.>.- Bjgtrl mj Fÿsqujmn Fîshbn............................................................................... 553 =.2.6.- Bjgtrl mj Fÿsqujmn Jiprjsnrhna ................................................................ ............................... ..................................... .... 558 =.2.2.- Ltrns SjfTnrts baîshbns mj Fÿsqujmn ........................................................... 534 :.- Trlcrninbhòg Trlcrninb hòg mj Fÿsqujmns Fÿsq ujmns ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. ................................. 53> :.>.- Zsl prlcrniîthbl prlc rniîthbl mja iltlr mj fÿsqujmn ........................................................... ................................ ........................... 536 :.>.>.- Fÿsqujmn prlcrniîthbn uthahzngml VJR]........................................................ 536 :.>.6.- Fÿsqujmn prlcrniîth p rlcrniîthbn bn uthahzngml uthahz ngml ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Bahjgtj .... 53= :.>.2.- Fÿsqujmn prlcrniîthbn uthahzngml ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls mj Rjrvhmlr . 53: :.6.- Ilmhehbnbhòg mj an Hgtjrenz mj Fÿsqujmns jg Rhthls baîshbls ............................. 535 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 50>
BNTÉ]ZAL 66? 66 ? CJR]HÒG MJ BLG]JGHML JITVJRNVHNA.........................502 .........................5 02 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 502 6.- Numhtlrén ................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ................................................................... ................................. 50= 6.>.- Blgehcurnbhòg y usl .................................................................................................... 50= 6.6.- Trlcrninbhòg mj Numhtlréns ..................................................................................... 505 2.- Rjrvhbhl mj Hmjgthehbnbhòg mj Mlbuijgtls........................................................................ 584 2.>.- Blgehcurnbhòg y usl .................................................................................................... 584 2.6.- Trlcrninbhòg Trlcrnin bhòg mja Hmjgthehbnmlr H mjgthehbnmlr mj Mlbuijgtls ................................................. ................................. ................ 58> =.- Cjsthòg mj rjchstrls ............................................................................................................... 582 =.>.- Ja Bjgtrl Bjgtr l mj Vjchstrls .................................................................... .................................. ............................................................. ........................... 58= =.6.- Vjchstrls Albnajs ......................................................................................................... 583 =.2.- Trlcrninbhòg mj Vjchstrls ....................................................................................... 580 =.=.- Ja Bjgtrl mj Mjtjbbhòg Mjtjbbhò g .................................................................. ................................ ............................................................. ........................... 344 =.=.>.- Bnsls mj Jx`hfhbhòg ............................................................................................ 344
=.=.6.- Blgsuatns mj Trjvjgbhòg mj Tèrmhmn mj Mntls ............................................ .................................. .......... 346 =.:.- Trlcrninbhòg mja Bjgtrl mj Mjtjbbhòg ............................................................... 34= =.5.- Ja Bjgtrl Bj gtrl mj Mhrjbthvns mj Buipahihjgtl ............................................................ ................................. ........................... 345 =.5.>.- Mhrjbthvns Mhrjbthv ns mj jahihgnbhòg j ahihgnbhòg ................................................................... .................................. ................................................. ................ 345 =.5.6.- Mhrjbthvns Mhrjbthv ns mj prjvjgbhòg p rjvjgbhòg mj pèrmhmns mj mntls ........................................... ................................. .......... 348 :.- Blgougtls mj mlbuijgtls ................................................................... ................................. ................................................................... ................................. 3>2 5.- Rjrvhbhl mj ijtnmntls nmihghstrnmls ................................................................. ................................ ................................................. ................ 3>: 5.>.- Blgehcurnbhòg y usl .................................................................................................... 3>5 5.6.- Trlcrninbhòg Trlcrnin bhòg .................................................................... ................................... ................................................................... ............................................ .......... 3>0 3.- Blgbjgtrnmlr mj shgmhbnbhòg mj ]hpls mj Blgtjghml .................................................. 3>8 3.>.- Blgehcurnbhòg y usl .................................................................................................... 364 0.- Ja Lrcnghznmlr mj Blgtjghml .............................................................................................. 36> 0.>.- Blgehcurnbhòg y usl mja Lrcnghznmlr mj Blgtjghml ......................................... 36> 0.6.- Trlcrninbhòg Trlcrnin bhòg mja Lrcnghznmlr Lr cnghznmlr mj Blgtjghml ..................................................... ................................ ..................... 362 8.- Uégbuals Murnfajs................................................................... ................................. ................................................................... ................................................. ................ 36: 8.>.- Trlcrninbhòg mj als Uégbuals Murnfajs ................................................................ 365 >4.- Blgbaushlgjs ......................................................................................................................... 365
BNTÉ]ZAL 62? NMM-HGR .......................................................................................368 >.6.2.=.-
Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 368 Nrquhtjbturn Nrquhtjbt urn mj Nmm-hgs ................................................................. ................................ .................................................................... ....................................... .... 324 ]hpls mj Jajijgtls quj sj pujmjg puj mjg uthahznr jg Nmm-hgs ................................................. ................................. ................ 326 Blgehcurnbhòg pnrn uthahznr ja Nainbèg mj Nmm-hgs ........................................................ 322 =.>.- Blgehcurnbhòg mj MGR pnrn Nmm-hgs ...................................................................... 322 =.6.- Blgehcurnbhòg Blgehcurn bhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt pnrn Nmm-hgs ........................................................... ................................ ........................... 32: :.- Mjsnrrlaal mj Nmm-hgs ................................................................ ................................ .................................................................. ............................................ .......... 323 :.>.- Mjsnrrlaal mj Nmm-hgs `lspjmnmls jg R`nrjTlhgt ............................................. 320 :.6.- Mjsnrrlaal mj Nmm-hgs `lspjmnmls jg ja Trlvjjmlr ......................................... ................................ ......... 3=> :.6.>.- Zthahzngml ans bansjs bans js mj @lons @ lons mj Jsthal.......................................................... ................................ .......................... 3=5 :.6.6.- Zthahzngml ja B`rlij mj R`nrjTlhgt R`nrj Tlhgt .............................................................. ............................... ............................... 3=0 :.6.2.- Ja Jmhtlr Jmht lr mj Inghehjstls Inghehjst ls................................................................ ................................ ...................................................... ...................... 3=8 :.2.- Mjsnrrlaal mj Nbbhlgjs Tjrslgnahznmns ................................................................. 3:4 :.=.- Mjsnrrlaal mj Nmm-hgs mj Tnrtjs ............................................................................. 3:2 :.:.- Ingjonmlrjs Ingjonmlrj s mj Jvjgtls Vjiltls ................................................................ ................................ .......................................... .......... 3:5 :.5.- Ahbjgbhnihjgtl Ahbjgbhnihjgt l pnrn pnr n Nmm-hgs ................................................................ ............................... ...................................................... ..................... 3:3 :.3.- Hgstnanbhòg y Ilghtlrhznbhòg ..................................................................................... 3:0 :.0.- Hgstnanbhòg mj Nmm-hgs uthahzngml TlwjrR`jaa ....................................................... 354 :.8.- Hgstnanbhòg Hgstna nbhòg mj Nmm-hgs Nmm-hg s uthahzngml ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls L fojtls ................................... ................................ ... 354 :.>4.Nbtunahznbhòg Nbtunahz nbhòg mj Nmm-hgs ................................................................ .............................. ...................................................... .................... 35> 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 356
BNTÉ]ZAL 6=? BNTNBHMNMJR RLBHNAJR X IH RH]HL .................................352 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 352 6.- Blgehcurnbhòg ........................................................................................................................... 35: 2.- Ih Rhthl Tjrslgna ...................................................................................................................... 355 2.>.- Nbjrbn mj Ié ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. ................................................. ................ 353 xvh
2.6.- LgjMrhvj ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. ....................................................... ...................... 358 2.2.- R`nrjTlhgt ..................................................................... ................................... ................................................................... ................................................. ................ 336 =.- Bliughmnmjs ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. ............................................................ ........................... 332 :.- Trlcrninbhòg mj Ih Rhthl ...................................................................................................... 333 :.>.- Trlcrninbhòg blg ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls jg Bahjgtj .GJ] ............................. 330 :.6.- Zsl mj an NTH OnvnRbrhpt ............................................................................................. 30> 5.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 305
BNTÉ]ZAL 6:? JRBJGNVHLR @ÉFVHMLR ..........................................................303 >.- Hgtrlmubbhòg Hgtrlmubb hòg................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 303 6.- Rhgbrlghznbhòg y Ejmjrnbhòg mj Mhrjtlrhls Nbthvls ....................................................... 384 2.- Nifhjgtj @éfrhml ................................................................ ................................ .................................................................. .................................................. ................ 380 2.>.- Nshstjgtj mj blgehcurnbhòg mj jsbjgnrhls `éfrhmls jg Leehbj 25: .................. 388 2.6.- Angznmlr mj Npahbnbhlgjs .......................................................................................... 04= 2.2.- LgjMrhvj pnrn Jiprjsns........................................................................................... 04= 2.=.- R`nrjTlhgt ..................................................................... ................................... ................................................................... ................................................. ................ 04: 2.:.- Vjmhrjbbhòg mj Tjrehajs Tjre hajs.................................................................... .................................. ............................................................. ........................... 045 2.5.- Ijtnmntls Ijtnmntl s @éfrhmls ................................................................ .............................. ................................................................... ..................................... .... 043 2.3.- Rhthls @éfrhmls ............................................................................................................. 040 2.0.- Rhthls Jxtrngjt F6F................................................................ ............................... ................................................................... ...................................... .... 048 =.- FBR @éfrhml ................................................................. ................................ ................................................................... ............................................................. ........................... 048 :.- Fÿsqujmns ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. .................................................................. ................................. 0>4 :.>.- Fÿsqujmn `éfrhmn jg an gufj ..................................................................................... 0>> :.6.- Fÿsqujmn `éfrhmn ejmjrnmn......................................................................................... 0>2 5.- Zsl mj TlwjrNpps y Ihbrlslet Ealw ................................................................................ 0>0 5.>.- Tujrtn mj jganbj ................................................................ ............................... .................................................................. ........................................... .......... 0>0 5.6.- Brjngml ugn npahbnbhòg np ahbnbhòg blg TlwjrNpps............................................................... ................................ ............................... 0>8 5.2.- Brjngml ug eauol blgjbtnml blg Ihbrlslet Ealw ............................................... 06> 3.- Blgbaushlgjs............................................................................................................................. 062
ÉGMHBJ NGNAÉ]HBL ...............................................................................................06:
Nutlrjs Custnvl Ujajz Hgcjghjrl Ijbîghbl y Jajbtròghbl; trnfnon jg ja mhsjþl j hipajijgtnbhòg mj shstjins mj H] fnsnmls fn snmls jg tjbglalcéns mj Ihbrlslet, jspjbhnaijgtj R`nrjTlhgt, Leehbj 25: y Nzurj, jg mhejrjgtjs blipnþéns iuathgnbhlgna mj H]. Trlphjtnrhl mja shthl jspjbhnahzn ml jg hgelrinbhòg slfrj R`nrjTlhgt jg jspnþla `ttp?//www.cnvm.gjt, nutlr mj iÿathpajs iÿathpajs ahfrls y nrtébuals n rtébuals slfrj R`nrjTlhgt y sus tjbglalcéns, y eugmnmlr y j mhtlr mj BlipnrthILRR (`ttp?//www.blipnrthilss.bli). (`ttp?//www.blipnrthilss.bli). IUT mj Leehbj Npps & Rjrvhbjs.
Oung Bnrals Clgzîajz Inrtég Hgcjghjrl mj ]jajbliughbnbhlgjs plr an Zghvjrshmnm mj Unaanmlahm, bujgtn blg iîs mj >: nþls mj jxpjrhjgbhn jg tjbglalcéns y pantnelrins pantnelrins mj Ihbrlslet mhvjrsns (R^A Rjrvjr, Uhsuna Rtumhl, Rtumhl, .GJ] Ernijwlrk, jtb.), nugquj su trnfnol mhnrhl chrn jg tlrgl n Leehbj 25: & R`nrjTlhgt. IUT mj Leehbj Npps & Rjrvhbjs, `nstn an ejb`n `n pufahbnml >2 ahfrls slfrj Leehbj Leehbj 25: y R`nrjTlhgt, nsé blil vnrhls nrtébuals jg bnstjaangl y jg hgcaès slfrj nifns pantnelrins. Oung Bnrals js tnifhèg ugl mj als mhrjbtlrjs mj BlipnrthILRR y eugmnmlrjs mj RZCJR (www.sucjs.js).
Enfhîg Hinz Mjsmj sus blihjgzls jg ja iugml mj an tjbglalcén, Enfhîg `n pnrthbhpnml nbthvnijgtj jg bliughmnmjs tjbglaòchbns mj mhejrjgtjs pnésjs, al quj aj pjrihthò sjr prjihnml prjihnml plr Ihbrlslet, mjsmj ja nþl 6448, blil IUT (‑Ilst Unaunfaj Trlejsshlgna’) jg Leehbj Npps & Rjrvhbjs. N al anrcl mj su trnyjbtlrhn `n shml lrnmlr j g iÿathpajs blgejrjgbhns mj tjbglalcén n ghvja iugmhna. Js ugl mj als mhrjbtlrjs, mjsmj ja nþl 6440, 644 0, mj an rjvhstn mhchtna BlipnrthILRR, jspjbhnahznmn jg an tjbglalcén Ihbrlslet. Nbtunaijgtj bujgtn blg iîs mj 24 pufahbnbhlgjs mhchtnajs y `n pufahbnml 3 ahfrls mj R`nrjTlhgt `nstn an ejb`n.
xhx
Nafjrtl Ménz Nafjrtl bujgtn blg iîs mj >: nþls mj jxpjrhjgbhn jg an Hgmustrhn H], tlmls jaals trnfnongml blg tjbglalcéns tjb glalcéns Ihbrlslet. Nbtunaijgtj, js B`hje ]jb`glalcy Hgglvnthlg Leehbjr jg JGBNIHGN, ahmjrngml ja mjsnrrlaal mj sletwnrj blg tjbglalcén Ihbrlslet, y ihjifrl mja jquhpl mj Mhrjbbhòg. Tnrn an bliughmnm, trnfnon blil lrcnghznmlr y spjn kjr mj ans blgejrjgbhns iîs rjajvngtjs mja iugml Ihbrlslet jg Jspnþn, jg ans bunajs js u gl mj als rjejrjgtjs jg R`nrjTlhgt, Leehbj 25: y Nzurj. Nutlr mj mhvjrsls ahfrls y nrtébuals jg rjvhstns prlejshlgnajs y falcs, jg 64>2 jipjzò n elrinr pnrtj mja jquhpl jquhpl mj Mhrjbbhòg mj BlipnrthILRR, ugn rjvhstn mhchtna slfrj tjbglalcéns Ihb rlslet. Mjsmj 64>> `n shml gl glifrnml ifrnml Ihbrlslet IUT, IUT, rjblglbhihjgtl quj q uj `n rjglvnml plr sèpthil nþl blgsjbuthvl. Rj mjehgj blil ug cjjk, ningtj mj als sinrtp`lgjs y mjsnrrlaanmlr. Eugmnmlr mj ]jgjrhejMjv (www.tjgjrhejmjv.bli), ug crupl mj usunrhls mj .GJ] jg ]jgjrhej, bllrmhgnmlr mj RZCJR (Crupl mj Zsunrhls mj R`nrjTlhgt mj Jspnþn, www.sucjs.js) y lrcnghznmlr mja Calfna Nzurj Flltbnip mj Inmrhm, ug l mj als inylrjs jvjgtls mj an bliughmnm Ihbrlslet jg Jspnþn j hgtjrgnbhlgna.
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Bnrnbtjrésthbns mjprjbnmns y jahihgnmns Blil blgsjbujgbhn mj an gnturna jvlaubhòg mj an pantnelrin, jg R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 gls jgblgtrnrjils blg ugn sjrhj mj eugbhlgnahmnmjs quj `ng shml mjprjbnmns l jahihgnmns plr pnrtj mj Ihbrlslet. Ihbrlslet. •
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Mjprjbnmns, slg bnrnbtjrésthbns quj tlmnvén jstîg mhsplghfajs jg an vjrshòg mj R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8, pjrl Ihbrlslet gl jstî trnfnongml jg jaans pnrn quj shcng jvlaubhlgngml. Jstîs bnrnbtjrésthbns jstîg mhsplghfajs pnrn quj panghehquj su ihcrnbhòg n ltrl sjrvhbhl yn quj jg ans pròxhins pròx hins vjrshlgjs mj R`nrjTlhgt sjrîg jahihgnmns. Jahihgnmns, slg bnrnbtjrésthbns quj gl jstîg mhsplghfajs jg an pantnelrin; jstl quhjrj mjbhr quj ngtjs mj ihcrnr n an gujvn vjrshòg, sh an Crngon jstî uthahzngml nacugn mj jstns bnrnbtjrésthbns, sj mjfj panghehbnr bòil sjrî susthtuhmn susthtuhmn yn quj q uj gl eugbhlgnrî.
Ans ]nfans > y 6 iujstrng ans bnrnbtjrésthbns mjprjbnmns y jahihgnmns jg R`nrjTlhgt 64>8.
]nfan >.- Bnrnbtjrésthbns mjprjbnmns. Bnrnbtjrésthbns Nbbjss Rjrvhbjs 64>4 Nbbjss Rjrvhbjs 64>2 Ruihghstrl mj glthbhns ncrjcnml Nyumn pjrslgnahznmn Bahjgtj mj shgbrlghznbhòg mj Crllvj Rjrvhbhls mj HgelTnt`
Rjrvhbhl Sjf mj ahstns
Mjsbrhpbhòg Rjrvhbhl mj Nbbjss pnrn an blgvjrshòg mj fnsjs mj mntls, sj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr n TlwjrNpps y Ealw. Rjrvhbhl mj Nbbjss pnrn an blgvjrshòg mj fnsjs mj mntls, sj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr n TlwjrNpps y Ealw. Jstn bnrnbtjrésthbn pjringjbjrî mj slal ajbturn jg jstn vjrshòg, sj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr n Xniijr Xn iijr l ]jnis. Rj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr na iltlr mj nyumn jg an gufj mj Leehbj 25:. An vjrshòg mj R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8 hgtrlmubj ja gujvl bahjgtj mj shgbrlghznbhòg mj LgjMrhvj pnrn Jiprjsns. Jstj sjrvhbhl sj ingthjgj jg jstn vjrshòg y sj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr n Tlwjr Npps l slaubhlgjs mj tjrbjrls. Als shcuhjgtjs pugtls mj nbbjsl RLNT eujrlg inrbnmls blil mjprjbnmls? 6>
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R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
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Ahsts.CjtAhstHtjiB`ngcjsSht`Kglwajmcj.
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Ahsts.ZpmntjAhstHtjisSht`Kglwajmcj.
Jstj sjrvhbhl sj ingthjgj jg jstn vjrshòg, pjrl sj rjblihjgmn uthahznr als mhejrjgtjs sjrvhbhls jquhvnajgtjs mj Nzurj. Jstj sjrvhbhl sj ingthjgj jg jstn vjrshòg pnrn Rhthls Baîshbls, pjrl gl eugbhlgn blg Rhthls Ilmjrgls. Rj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr n Tlwjr FH.
]rnmubbhlgjs nutliîthbns Unrhnbhlgjs TjrelringbjTlhgt Rjrvhbjs R`nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr 64>2 Fuzòg mja shthl Nmihghstrnmlr mja shthl
Rh fhjg jstî mjprjbnml, sjcuhrî pumhègmlsj uthahznr pnrn trnfnonr blg R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8 jg Rhthls Baîshbls. Rj rjblihjgmn fusbnr slaubhlgjs mj tjrbjrls l ihcrnr n crupls mj Leehbj 25:. Rlal als nmihghstrnmlrjs mj an blajbbhòg mj shthls tjgmrîg pjrihsl pnrn nbbjmjr n jstn bnrnbtjrésthbn. bnrn btjrésthbn.
]nfan 6.- Bnrnbtjrésthbns jahihgnmns. Bnrnbtjrésthbns Rlaubhlgjs mj jspnbhl nhsanml fnsnmns jg bòmhcl Nutjgthbnbhòg hipaébhtn
Mjsbrhpbhòg Rj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr n slaubhlgjs mj Nmm-hg l fnsnmns jg ja R`nrjTlhgt Ernijwlrk (RTEx). Rj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr n RNIA, G]AI l Kjrfjrls. Ilml nutliîthbl mj blrrjl Ans bnrnbtjrésthbns mj nmihghstrnbhòg mj HHR 5 jajbtròghbl jgtrngtj jstîg mjprjbnmns y pnrn ingtjgjr blipnthfhahmnm blg vjrshlgjs mj Shgmlws Rjrvjr, sj `n jahihgnml. Unrhls hgquhahgls Rj rjblihjgmn sjcuhr uthahzngml R`nrjTlhgt (iuathtjgngt) Rjrvjr 64>5. Uhslr mj TME Rj rjblihjgmn uthahznr als vhslrjs mj TME mhsplghfajs n trnvès mj als gnvjcnmlrjs. Cnajrén y nbtunahznbhòg mj Rj rjblihjgmn ihcrnr n slaubhlgjs mj Tlwjr TlwjrThvlt FH. Nmihghstrnmlr mj eauol mj Rh fhjg sj ngugbhò ug gujvl bliplgjgtj pnrn an trnfnol mj R`nrjTlhgt nmihghstrnbhòg mj als eauols, jstj euj bngbjanml y R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8 shcuj shjgml blipnthfaj blg Slrkealw Ingncjr. Rjrvhbhls mj Uhshl Rj rjblihjgmn fusbnr slaubhlgjs mj tjrbjrls l ihcrnr crupls jg Leehbj 25: Nmihghstrnmlr mja shthl Rlal prjsjgtnrng mhncrnins mj Uhshl fnsnmls jg TGC, als fnsnmls jg Rha vjrahc`t eujrlg jahihgnmls.
Trjsjgtnbhòg Nbtunaijgtj, R`nrjTlhgt gl gjbjshtn hgtrlmubbhòg. @nbj nacugls nþls, shjiprj quj sj ijgbhlgnfn n "R`nrjTlhgt", prhijrl `nfén quj nbanrnr buîa jrn su eugbhòg y bòil jgbnonral jg an jstrntjchn mj sletwnrj mj Ihbrlslet. Xn gl js gjbjsnrhl blgvjgbjr n ans jiprjsns mj an gjbjshmnm mj hipajijgtnr ug shstjin mj blanflrnbhòg blil R`nrjTlhgt, shgl quj an mhsbushòg sj mhrhcj `nbhn buîajs mj sus bnpnbhmnmjs slg ans iîs nprlphnmns pnrn slaubhlgnr ug prlfajin jiprjsnrhna jspjbéehbl. jspjbéehbl. X gl slal jiprjsns blg iuathtum mj jipajnmls, shgl tnifhèg bunaquhjr crupl mj pjrslgns quj gjbjshtjg hgtjrbnifhnr hgelrinbhòg mj ugn elrin lrmjgnmn y blgsjbujgtj b lgsjbujgtj vjg an gjbjshmnm y vjgtnons mj R`nrjTlhgt. R`nrjT lhgt. Tnrn an rjnahznbhòg mj jstj ahfrl, plr jojipal, nutlrjs, jmhtlrjs y tlmns ans pjrslgns rjanbhlgnmns blg ja prlyjbtl `jils uthahznml R`nrjTlhgt pnrn ingtjgjr an hgelrinbhòg bjgtrnahznmn y mj elrin sjcurn, elijgtnr ja hgtjrbnifhl mj hmjns y jvhtnr blgeushlgjs. R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8 y an vjrshòg Lgahgj mhsplghfaj jg Leehbj 25:, blgsthtuyjg an pantnelrin pantnelrin mj blanflrnbhòg y bliughbnbhòg mj Ihbrlslet, mhrhchmn n an cjsthòg mj hgelrinbhòg, ja nainbjgnihjgtl y albnahznbhòg mj mlbuijgtls, an brjnbhòg mj shthls mj prjsjgbhn Sjf y ja shstjin mj ingjol mj hgelrinbhòg mj gjclbhls plr ijmhl mj an hgernjstrubturn mj Eauols mj ]rnfnol, an blgjxhòg n shstjins mj hgelrinbhòg jxtjrgls y ans `jrrnihjgtns mj Hgtjahcjgbhn mj Gjclbhls. Tjrl R`nrjTlhgt vn iub`l iîs naaî? js, slfrj tlml, ugn pantnelrin mj mjsnrrlaal mjfhml n sus Ilmjals mj Lfojtls nfhjrtls, uthahznfajs tngtl mhrjbtnijgtj mjsmj ja sjrvhmlr blil rjiltnijgtj mjsmj als bahjgtjs, quj pjrihtj jxtjgmjr ja shstjin sjcÿg als rjqujrhihjgtls jxpaébhtls mj als usunrhls. Mj jstn elrin, R`nrjTlhgt gl js ug prlmubtl jstîthbl quj buipaj ugn slan eugbhòg, shgl sh gl ug shstji s hstjinn mhgîihbl quj q uj pjrihtj sjr jxtjgmhml jg bunaquhjr mhrjbbhòg quj sj blgshmjrj gjbjsnrhn.
¼N quhèg vn mhrhchml jstj ahfrl< N tlmns ans numhjgbhns quj mj ugn u ltrn elrin trnfnong blg R`nrjTlhgt? als nmihghstrnmlrjs mj shstjins pujmjg jgblgtrnr hgelrinbhòg slfrj hgstnanbhòg y blgehcurnbhòg, als usunrhls blthmhngls slfrj bòil uthahznr ja shstjin y ja thpl mj blgehcurnbhlgjs quj ajs slg pjrihthmns, als usunrhls nvngznmls pujmjg `naanr hgelrinbhòg slfrj ans plshfhahmnmjs mj als shthls y pîchgns ilmjrgns mj R`nrjTlhgt pnrn brjnr jxpjrhjgbhns mj usunrhl rhbns l ja usl mj R`nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr pnrn ja jgsnifanml mj Eauols mj ]rnfnol fîshbls y, ehgnaijgtj, als nrquhtjbtls mj H] y als mjsnrrlaanmlrjs jgblgtrnrîg suehbhjgtj hgelrinbhòg slfrj an nrquhtjbturn y prlcrninbhòg pnrn plmjr plmjr blijgznr blg gujvls prlyjbtls mj hgijmhntl.
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R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
¼^uè tjins sj trntng< Ja ahfrl jstî lrhjgtnml `nbhn an blgehcurnbhòg, usl y prlcrninbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8, nugquj slal slg gjbjsnrhls blglbhihjgtls fîshbls mj mjsnrrlaal jg .GJ] pnrn an pnrtj mj mjsnrrlaal. Lfvhnijgtj, blil an vjrshòg mj R`nrjTlhgt R`nrjT lhgt uthahznmn jg Leehbj 25: js jsjgbhnaijgtj an ihsin quj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 "Lg-Trjihsj", crng pnrtj mj an hgelrinbhòg jg ja ahfrl sj pujmj npahbnr n pahbnr mhrjbtnijgtj n 25: tnifhèg. Ja prhijr bnpétual hgtrlmubj an nrquhtjbturn mj IhgVlaj mj R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8, als bnifhls n ghvja mj aéihtjs mj sletwnrj mj an pantnelrin, nsé blil als mhsthgtls jajijgtls quj elring pnrtj mj als jsbjgnrhls y nrquhtjbturns `éfrhmls blil ja Angznmlr mj Npahbnbhlgjs, ans fÿsqujmns `éfrhmns jg an gufj l als Rhthls `éfrhmls. Als bnpétuals 6 y 2 jguijrng als rjqujrhihjgtls mj `nrmwnrj y sletwnrj, als pnsls gjbjsnrhls pnrn rjnahznr ugn hgstnanbhòg fîshbn mj an pantnelrin, nspjbtls rjanthvls n su nmihghstrnbhòg n trnvès mj an Nmihghstrnbhòg Nmihghstrnbhòg Bjgtrna mj R`nrjTlhgt y an hgtjrenz mj aégjn mj blingmls ijmhngtj ja usl mj TlwjrR`jaa, nsé blil ans lpbhlgjs mj nbtunahznbhòg mhsplghfajs mjsmj R`nrjTlhgt 64>5. Ans `jrrnihjgtns gjbjsnrhns pnrn ja mjsnrrlaal sj hgtrlmubjg jg ja bnpétual = ougtl n ans `jrrnihjgtns quj lerjbjg Uhsuna Rtumhl 64>3 y Uhsuna Rtumhl Blmj, quj enbhahtng ja mjsnrrlaal plr ijmhl mj ugn sjrhj mj pangthaans pnrn SjfTnrts baîshbns y SjfTnrts mj R`nrjTlhgt Ernijwlrk (RTEx), Ingjonmlrjs mj Jvjgtls, Eauols mj ]rnfnol, Mjehghbhlgjs mj Ahstn, Nmm-hgs, jtb. Als shcuhjgtjs bhgbl bnpétuals mjsbrhfjg als bliplgjgtjs fîshbls mj R`nrjTlhgt, su blgehcurnbhòg y usl, ougtl blg ans plshfhahmnmjs mj prlcrninbhòg quj frhgmn ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls jg ja sjrvhmlr pnrthjgml mj an ojrnrquén prlphn mj an nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt? Npahbnbhlgjs Sjf, Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthls, Rhthls, Ahstns y Fhfahltjbns mj Mlbuijgtls, ]hpls mj Blgtjghml y Blauigns mj Rhthl. Ja bnpétual >4 sj bjgtrn jg ans glvjmnmjs mja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls jg Bahjgtj y sus hipajijgtnbhlgjs, iîs ja NTH mj sjrvhbhls VJR] quj gl sòal jxplgj Rhthls, Ahstns y Fhfahltjbns shgl tnifhèg nacugls sjrvhbhls banvjs mj an pantnelrin blil fÿsqujmns, trnmubbhlgjs l FBR. Nmhbhlgnaijgtj, jg ja bnpétual sj hgtrlmubjg tèbghbns y `jrrnihjgtns mhsplghfajs jg R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 pnrn rjnahznr pjrslgnahznbhlgjs jg ja anml mja bahjgtj blil slg ja elrintl blgmhbhlgna mj blauigns mj Ahstns y Fhfahltjbns l ans plshfhahmnmjs quj an hghbhnthvn mj Tnttjrgs Tnttjr gs & Trnbthbjs (TgT) nþnmj na n a mjsnrrlaal blg ans NTHs mj bahjgtj. Ans plshfhahmnmjs quj lerjbj R`nrjTlhgt pnrn nutlinthznr prlbjsls y ilmjanr prlbjmhihjgtls mj gjclbhl n trnvès mj als Ingjonmlrjs mj Jvjgtls, Sjf`llks y als Eauols mj ]rnfnol sj mjsbrhfjg jg als bnpétuals >> y >2. Ja bnpétual >2, slfrj Eauols mj ]rnfnol, mjtnaan ans plshfhahmnmjs mj usl y brjnbhòg mj eauols ijmhngtj Ihbrlslet Leehbj Uhshl 64>5 / 64>8, R`nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr 64>2 y Uhsuna Rtumhl 64>3. R`nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr, blil an `jrrnihjgtn pnrn als ]rnfnonmlrjs mj an Hgelrinbhòg, sj ngnahzn jxtjgshvnijgtj jg ja bnpétual >6. N al anrcl mja bnpétual sj jxpahbng ans plshfhahmnmjs quj lerjbj pnrn brjnr jajijgtls mj R`nrjTlhgt, pjrslgnahznr slaubhlgjs, slaubhlgjs, jgsnifanr Eauols mj ]rnfnol y mjiîs nspjbtls hgtjrjsngtjs mja prlcrnin. Ja bnpétual >= sj bjgtrn jg ans plshfhahmnmjs quj lerjbj R`nrjTlhgt pnrn pjrslgnahznr na iîxhil an hgtjrenz mj usunrhl tngtl pnrn Rhthls baîshbls blil pnrn Rhthls ilmjrgls
Trjsjgtnbhòg xxv
ijmhngtj ja usl mj tjins, `lons mj jsthal y ans plshfhahmnmjs mj pjrslgnahznbhòg quj nþnmj nþn mj ja Ilmjal mj Lfojtls. Blil ugn mj sus plshfhahmnmjs mj pjrslgnahznbhòg, R`nrjTlhgt mhsplgj mja usl mj falqujs mj eugbhlgnahmnm l SjfTnrts blil ijbnghsil ijbnghsil nmhbhlgna pnrn bnifhnr ja nspjbtl y eugbhlgnihjgtl mj Rhthls. Ja bnpétual >: mjsbrhfj nacugns mj ans SjfTnrts iîs hiplrtngtjs mhsplghfajs plr mjejbtl y bòil brjnr gujvns mjsmj Uhsuna Rtu mhl. Ja gujvl ilmjal mj mjsnrrlaal pnrn R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj y R`nrjTlhgt 64>8, RTEx, sj trntn jg ja bnpétual >5. Rh mhsplgjr mj mhsthgtns `jrrnihjgtns pnrn brjnr jajijgtls mj R`nrjTlhgt js eugmnijgtna, tnifhèg al js su mjspahjcuj, n al quj ja bnpétual >3 jstî mjmhbnml? Bnrnbtjrésthbns y Rlaubhlgjs jg R`nrjTlhgt, nsé blil als mhsjþnmlrjs quj Uhsuna Rtumhl 64>3 hgblrplrn pnrn enbhahtnr su brjnbhòg. Mltnr mj prjsjgbhn jg an Hgtrngjt n ugn lrcnghznbhòg js nacl hgmhspjgsnfaj pnrn bunaquhjr jiprjsn ilmjrgn. An bnrnbtjrésthbn mj Cjsthòg mj blgtjghmls pnrn an wjf trntnmn jg ja bnpétual >0, pjrihtj brjnr ugn prjsjgbhn jg an Hgtrngjt pnrn ans lrcnghznbhlgjs plr ijmhl mj R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8. Nmhbhlgnaijgtj, sj hgtrlmubjg als gujvls Rhthls mj bliughbnbhòg nahgjnmls blg ans jxpjrhjgbhns ilmjrgns mj usunrhl y fnsnmls jg ja Ernijwlrk mj pîchgns y SjfTnrts ilmjrgls mj Ihbrlslet. Ihbrlslet. Al `nfhtuna mjgtrl mj tlml shstjin hgelriîthbl js nainbjgnr mntls jg ijmhls mhvjrsls mj elrin mjsblgjbtnmn. Blil sj mjsbrhfj jg ja bnpétual >8, ja shstjin mj Blgjbthvhmnm mj Mntls mj Gjclbhl mj R`nrjTlhgt pjrihtj ncrjcnr hgelrinbhòg jxtjrgn mj ugn elrin bjgtrnahznmn jg ja Tlrtna. R`nrjTlhgt bujgtn blg ugn sjrhj mj ‑pjqujþns olyns’ quj pjrihtjg ijolrnr an prlmubthvhmnm mj ugn lrcnghznbhòg n trnvès mj an pufahbnbhòg mj mhncrnins Uhshl jg als Rjrvhbhls mj Uhshl, an blgehcurnbhòg j hgtjcrnbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt blg Leehbj Lgahgj Rjrvjr (LLR) y Trlojbt Rjrvjr, blil sj jxpahbn jg ja bnpétual 64. HgelTnt` ltrl mj als sjrvhbhls mj R`nrjTlhgt, sj mjsbrhfj tnifhèg jg jstj bnpét ual. Rh an plshfhahmnm mj bjgtrnahznr an hgelrinbhòg jg ug ÿghbl jgtlrgl js iuy hiplrtngtj, tnifhèg al js plmjr jgblgtrnran mj ugn elrin shipaj y bntjclrhznmn. Ja bnpétual 6> rjnahzn ug rjblrrhml plr ja shstjin mj fÿsqujmn mhsplghfaj jg R`nrjTlhgt, su blgehcurnbhòg, usl y pjrslgnahznbhòg. Ja bnpétual 66 iujstrn tlmns ans bnpnbhmnmjs quj hgblrplrn R`nrjTlhgt pnrn enbhahtnr an cjsthòg sjcurn y jehbhjgtj mj mlbuijgtls? numhtlréns, hmjgthehbnmlrjs mj mlbuijgtls, cjsthòg mj rjchstrls, blgougtls mj mlbuijgtls l bntjclrhznbhòg mj hgelrinbhòg ijmhngtj ja sjrvhbhl mj ijtnmntls nmihghstrnmls. Ans gujvns bnrnbtjrésthbns mj Buipahihjgtl (Mhrjbthvns mj jahihgnbhòg y mhrjbthvns mj prjvjgbhòg mj pèrmhmn mj mntls), nsé blil ltrns bnrnbtjrésthbns hgtjrjsngtjs mj an pantnelrin blil als Uégbuals Murnfajs sj jxpahbng jg jstj bnpétual. Blil natjrgnthvn na mjsnrrlaal SjfTnrts baîshbns y SjfTnrts mj RTEx, als Nmm-hgs slg ugn mj ans elrins mhsplghfajs jg R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 pnrn n crjcnr gujvns eugbhlgjs gl prjsjgtjs plr plr mjejbtl. Ja bnpétual 62 mjsbrhfj an nrquhtjbturn y prlcrninbhòg mj als Nmmhg pnrn R`nrjTlhgt. R`nrjTlhgt gjbjshtn snthsenbjr bnmn vjz iîs shtunbhlgjs "slbhnajs" pnrn sus usunrhls. Eujrn mj "Ih Rhthl" quj `n shml trnmhbhlgnaijgtj ja aucnr pnrn nainbjgnr hgelrinbhòg pjrslgna, R`nrjTlhgt mhsplgj mj bnpnbhmnmjs slbhnajs blil LgjMrhvj Elr Fushgjss,
xxvh
R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
ihbrl-falcs, ejjms ejjms mj nbthvhmnm y `jrrnihjgtns pnrn jthqujtnml y vnalrnbhòg mj an hgelrinbhòg, blil mjsbrhfj ja bnpétual 6=. Ehgnaijgtj, ja bnpétual 6: jstî jxbaushvnijgtj mjmhbnml n als jsbjgnrhls `éfrhmls LgTrjihsjs-Lgahgj quj slg plshfajs blg R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8 y quj hgbauyj jajijgtls blil jxtjgmjr ja Angznmlr mj Npahbnbhlgjs blg sjrvhbhls mj Leehbj 25:, rjmhrjbbhlgnr na usunrhl mj an pantnelrin n LgjMrhvj pnrn Jiprjsns jg Leehbj 25:, y slfrj tlml als jsbjgnrhls mj fÿsqujmns `éfrhmns jg an gufj y fÿsqujmns `éfrhmns ejmjrnmns.
@jrrnihjgtns y Jgtlrgl Jg cjgjrna, jsbrhfhr ug ahfrl slfrj an ÿathin vjrshòg mj ugn pantnelrin l tjbglalcén rjbhèg angznmn na ijrbnml hipahbn quj js gjbjsnrhl rjnahznr prujfns mj eugbhlgnahmnm y mjsnrrlaal `nstn ja ÿathil ilijgtl. Jg jstj sjgthml, tlml ja blgtjghml mja ahfrl sj `n jsbrhtl jg fnsj n ugn hgstnanbhòg jg ilml Crn gon mj ug slal sjrvhmlr mj an vjrshòg ‑Vjnmy ]l Inguenbturj’ (V]I) jg jg bnstjaangl mj R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr 64>8. ]lmls als jojipals mj bòmhcl hgbauhmls sj `ng brjnml jg ans vjrshlgjs jg bnstjaangl mj an V]I mj Uhsuna Rtumhl 64>3 Jgtjrprhsj y mj Uhsuna Rtumhl Blmj. Tnrn als bnpétuals mj R`nrjTlhgt Mjshcgjr y Eauols mj ]rnfnol sj `ng uthahznml an vjrshòg 64>2 mj Mjshcgjr y 64>5 / 64>8 mj Ihbrlslet Leehbj Uhshl. Ehgnaijgtj, pnrn als bnpétuals rjanthvls n HgelTnt` y Leehbj Lgahgj Rjrvjr sj `ng uthahznml ans vjrshlgjs 64>2 mj HgelTnt` Mjshcgjr j HgelTnt` Ehaajr y an vjrshòg V]I mj LLR. Tnrn R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj jg Leehbj 25: sj uthahzò an vjrshòg mhsplghfaj n an ejb`n mj pufahbnbhòg mja ahfrl mj an pantnelrin mj prlmubthvhmnm mj Ihbrlslet jg an gufj.
BNTÉ]ZAL
Nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8
Mjsmj an vjrshòg 64>4 mj R`nrjTlhgt gl sj vjéng bnifhls jg an nrquhtjbturn fnsj mj an pantnelrin. pantnelrin. Ans jxpjrhjgbhns mj Ihbrlslet clfjrgngml clfjrgngml Leehbj 25: y an gjbjshmnm mj nyumnr n ans lrcnghznbhlgjs n usnr an gufj, hgtrlmuojrlg ugn sjrhj mj bnifhls jg an nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>5 quj shcujg shjgml an fnsj mj an vjrshòg 64>8 blil sj vjrî jg jstj bnpétual y sj mjtnaanrî jg bnpétuals plstjrhlrjs.
>.- HG]VLMZBBHÒG Mjsmj R`nrjTlhgt 64>5, als fhgnrhls quj Ihbrlslet jipnqujtn slg cjgjrnmls n pnrthr mj ugn vjrshòg jspjbéehbn mj R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj, blgvhrthègmlsj jstn jg an vjrshòg prhgbhpna mj R`nrjTlhgt. Mjsmj an prhijrn vjrshòg vjrshòg mj R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj, Ihbrlslet Ihbrlslet sj `n bjgtrnml jg clfjrgnr ans Crngons mj Leehbj 25:, plr al q uj `n tlinml an mjbhshòg mj quj an aégjn fnsj pnrn an vjrshòg Lg-Trjihsjs sjn jstn vjrshòg. Mhb`n vjrshòg `n hml jvlaubhlgngml mjsmj quj snahò R`nrjTlhgt 64>2, rjblchjgml ans ijolrns mj als prlfajins quj sj `ng `ng jgblgtrnml jg an nmihghstrnbhòg nmihghstrnbhòg mj jsls sjrvhmlrjs quj slplrtng n als usunrhls mj Leehbj 25:, nsé blil mj an j vlaubhòg jg eugbhlgnahmnmjs. Mjsmj ja blgbjptl mj IhgVlaj n an eugbhlgnahmnm `éfrhmn blg Leehbj 25:, l ans bnpnbhmnmjs mj Trjvjgbhòg mj Tèrmhmns mj Mntls l MAT, slg bnrnbtjrésthbns quj gnbjg mja trnfnol mja mén n mén mja jquhpl mj nmihghstrnbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj y mj ans gjbjshmnmjs mj als bahjgtjs. ¼Tlr què gl nprlvjb`nr ja blglbhihjgtl mja quj plshfajijgtj sjn ja inylr mjspahjcuj mj R`nrjTlhgt n ghvja iugmhna< R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 js an sjcugmn vjrshòg mj an gujvn jrn mj R`nrjTlhgt, jg ug jgtlrgl quj brjj jg ja ilmjal `éfrhml mj blgjxhòg n an 63
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R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
gufj, pjrl quj gl tjrihgn mj nbjptnr ja ilmjal ‑balum‑balum-lgay’ quj sj prjvè blil ja euturl mj R`nrjTlhgt y mj an tjbglalcén. tjb glalcén.
6.- GZJULR AÉIH]JR MJA RLE]SNVJ Als aéihtjs mja sletwnrj mj R`nrjTlhgt shjiprj `ng shml ug tjin mjahbnml bungml s j mhsjþng slaubhlgjs mj R`nrjTlhgt y/l sj mjehgj an nrquhtjbturn mj an hgelrinbhòg mj ugn lrcnghznbhòg. Blg bnmn vjrshòg mja sjrvhmlr, sj `ng hml nuijgtngml als aéihtjs blg ja lfojthvl mj hgtjgtnr buipahr blg ans gjbjshmnmjs rjnajs mj als usunrhls mj R`nrjTlhgt, quj, plr jojipal, gjbjshtng trnfnonr blg LgjMrhvj Elr Fushgjss y als ihajs mj mlbuijgtls blg als quj als usunrhls hgtjrnbtÿng. Ja sjrvhbhl mj Fÿsqujmn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 `n shml rjmhsjþnml pnrn slplrtnr égmhbjs mj 64 ihaalgjs mj jajijgtls plr pnrthbhòg. An hgernjstrubturn mj Blajbbhlgjs mj Rhthls y Rhthls pjrihtj nainbjgnr `nstn >4.444 blajbbhlgjs mj shthls plr Fnsj mj Mntls (FMs) mj Blgtjghmls. Rj `n rjmubhml an mhspjrshòg mj an hgelrinbhòg jg ans FMs mj Blgtjghmls pnrn ijolrnr ans lpjrnbhlgjs blg jstls gujvls aéihtjs, pjrihthjgml nainbjgnr ]jrnfytjs mj hgelrinbhòg jg jsbjgnrhls mjmhbnmls na nainbjgnihjgtl mlbuijgtna. N ghvja mj vhstn mj Ahstn sj `n ijolrnml gltnfajijgtj ja rjgmhihjgtl al quj pjrihtj ugn ijolrn jg als uifrnajs mj vhstn mlgmj Ihbrlslet gl plgj ug aéihtj jspjbéehbl, shgl quj rjblihjgmn quj sj nsjcurj quj als jajijgtls quj sj iujstrng jg an vhstn gl prlvlqujg ugn pnrnmn mj sjrvhbhl n als usunrhls, ihjgtrns quj nuijgtn ja aéihtj mj jajijgtls `nstn 24.444.444 plr Ahstn l Fhfahltjbn mj M lbuijgtls. Ja tninþl iîxhil mj bnrcn mj ug ehb`jrl sj jstnfajbj jg >: Cf, tjghjgml jg bujgtn quj an blgehcurnbhòg plr mjejbtl jstî jstnfajbhmn n 6 Cf. Ans rjstrhbbhlgjs `nfhtunajs quj jxhsténg jg als bnrnbtjrjs mja glifrj mja mlbuijgtl sj `ng nahcjrnml, pjrihthjgml glifrjs mj ehb`jrls blg bnrnbtjrjs blil #, % &, ~, {, y }, pjrihthjgml glifrj mj ehb`jrls quj blgthjgjg CZHM y glifrj mj ehb`jrls blg algchtum supjrhlr n >60 bnrnbtjrjs. Rj `n nuijgtnml ja aéihtj iîxhil mj algchtum mj an rutn mj nbbjsl mj nrb`hvls mj 654 bnrnbtjrjs n =44 bnrnbtjrjs, pjrihthjgml tjgjr ZVAs mj inylr algchtum y inylr prleugmhmnm jg an gnvjcnbhòg, hgbauyjgml hgbauyjgm l ja glifrj mja sjrvhmlr, ja pujrtl mj nbbjsl, glifrj mj an blajbbhòg mj shthls, glifrj mja shthl, mj an fhfahltjbn mj mlbuijgtls, bnrpjtns y glifrj mja nrb`hvl. Mhsjþnml pnrn trnfnonr blil trnfnong als usunrhls mj an pantnelrin, slplrtngml jsbnanml y rjgmhihjgtl gjbjsnrhl pnrn quj ans lrcnghznbhlgjs brjzbng jg R`nrjTlhgt.
Gltn? Rj rjblihjgmn rjvhsnr mjtjghmnijgtj an mlbuijgtnbhòg lehbhna blg als aéihtjs mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 y mjehghr ug jsbjgnrhl fnsnml jg ans bnpnbhmnm js mj an crngon hgstnanmn.
`ttps?//mlbs.ihbrlslet.bli/jg-us/s`nrjplhgt/hgstnaa/sletwnrjflugmnrhjs-ngm-ahihts-4
Nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8
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2.- BVJNBHÒG VÎTHMN MJ RH]HLR Jstn gujvn bnrnbtjrésthbn pjrihtj an brjnbhòg mj blajbbhlgjs mj shthls jg sjcugmls. Ròal slplrtnmn jg ans shcuhjgtjs pangthaans mja shstjin?
]nfan >.- Tangthaans mhsplghfajs pnrn an brjnbhòg rîphmn mj shthls. Tangthaan Rhthl pjrslgna mj LgjMrhvj Rhthl Ilmjrgl mj Crupl Rhthl mj Bliughbnbhòg
Bòmhcl mj an pangthaan RTRTJVR#>4 R]R#2 RH]JTNCJTZFAHR@HGC#4
=.- NV^ZH]JB]ZVN MJ IHGVLAJ IhgVlaj js ugn bnrnbtjrésthbn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 quj pjrihtj mjehghr ans eugbhlgjs l Vlajs mj bnmn ugl mj als sjrvhmlrjs mj ugn Crngon mj R`nrjTlhgt. Bungml sj ugj ug sjrvhmlr n ugn Crngon, sj jspjbhehbn ja Vla quj vn n mjsjipjþnr jg an ihsin, R`nrjTlhgt blgehcurn nutliîthbnijgtj als sjrvhbhls nslbhnmls n jsj Vla jg ja sjrvhmlr, y lpthihzn ja rjgmhihjgtl mj an Crngon jg eugbhòg mj an tlplalcén mj rlajs y sjrvhmlrjs mhsplghfajs, crnbhns n an jxpjrhjgbhn mj Ihbrlslet nmquhrhmn jg an nmihghstrnbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj jg Leehbj 25:. Jg an ]nfan shcuhjgtj sj mjtnaang als lb`l rlajs prjmjehghmls quj sj p ujmjg nshcgnr n ug sjrvhmlr?
]nfan 6.- Vlajs mhsplghfajs jg R`nrjTlhgt 64>8. Vla mja Rjrvhmlr Erlgt-Jgm
Npahbnbhòg
Bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn
Mjsbrhpbhòg
]hpl mj Vla
Ja sjrvhmlr blg jstj rla sj jgbnrcnrî mj ntjgmjr ans pjthbhlgjs mj als usunrhls plr al quj sj blgehcurnrîg ans Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl, sjrvhbhls y bliplgjgtjs gjbjsnrhls pnrn jstn tnrjn. Als sjrvhmlrjs sj lpthihznrîg pnrn tjgjr ugn fnon antjgbhn jg an rjspujstn na n a usunrhl. Jstls sjrvhmlrjs ntjgmjrîg ans slahbhtumjs mj fnbk-jgm blg ans Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl, sjrvhbhls y bliplgjgtjs gjbjsnrhls; plr jojipal, als trnfnols jg sjcugml pangl l ja rnstrjl mja sjrvhbhl mj fÿsqujmn slg npahbnbhlgjs mj jstj rla. Jstls sjrvhbhls rjquhjrjg jstnr lpthihznmls pnrn tjgjr ug natl rjgmhihjgtl jg sus prlbjsls. Ja rla mj bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn sj jgbnrcnrî mj jstj sjrvhbhl y mj ans Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl, sjrvhbhls y bliplgjgtjs rjanbhlgnmls.
Mjmhbnml
Mjmhbnml
Mjmhbnml
24
R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
Ja rla mj fÿsqujmn sj jgbnrcnrî mj jstj sjrvhbhl y mj ans Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl, sjrvhbhls y bliplgjgtjs rjanbhlgnmls. Tjrslgnahznml Jstj rla pjrihtj jojbutnr ans Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl, sjrvhbhls y bliplgjgtjs pjrslgnahznmls l quj gl sj jgbujgtrng jg ghgcÿg IhgVlaj mj ingjrn prjmjehghmn. Als nmihghstrnmlrjs tjgmrîg ja blgtrla tltna slfrj ja sjrvhmlr, yn quj IhgVlaj gl sj jgbnrcnrî mj nmihghstrnr jstls rlajs. Crngon mj ug Zg rla pjgsnml pnrn ans Crngons mj prujfns sjrvhmlr y/l mjsnrrlaal, blipujstns plr ug ÿghbl sjrvhmlr, shg tjgjr jg bujgtn ja sjrvhmlr mj an FM. Erlgt-jgm Zg rla blipnrthml quj blifhgn als rlajs mj blg bnb`è bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn y mj Erlgt-Jgm mhstrhfuhmn Npahbnbhòg mj Zg rla blipnrthml quj blifhgn als rlajs mj fÿsqujmn fÿsqujmn y npahbnbhòg Fÿsqujmn
Mjmhbnml
Jspjbhna
Jspjbhna
Blipnrthml
Blipnrthml
Als rlajs mjmhbnmls jstîg lpthihznmls pnrn ja rjgmhihjgtl y an jsbnanfhahmnm, als rlajs blipnrthmls jstîg lpthihznmls pnrn an jojbubhòg mj mhejrjgtjs rlajs blgougtnijgtj, y als rlajs jspjbhnajs jstîg pjgsnmls pnrn jsbjgnrhls mj prujfns, mjsnrrlaal l sjrvhbhls q uj gl jstîg hgtjcrnmls jg IhgVlaj.
=.>.- Rjrvhbhls nslbhnmls n bnmn IhgVlaj Bnmn IhgVlaj thjgj nslbhnml ugls sjrvhbhls y Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl prjmjtjrihgnmls quj, ougtl blg ans lpthihznbhlgjs n ghvja mj sjrvhmlr, mjehgjg ans bnpnbhmnmjs mj bnmn ugl mj als sjrvhmlrjs mj an Crngon.
]nfan 2.- Rjrvhbhls y npahbnbhlgjs mj sjrvhbhls mj bnmn IhgVlaj. IhgVlaj Erlgt-Jgm
Rjrvhbhls •
Nbbjss Rjrvhbjs.
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Rjrvhbhl mj Nbbjss 64>4.
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Rjrvhbhl mj nmihghstrnbhòg mj npahbnbhlgjs.
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Rjrvhbhl mj blgjbthvhmnm n mntls jiprjsnrhnajs.
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Glthehbnbhlgjs mja sjrvhbhl mj tlkjg mj Shgmlws. Rjrvhbhl mj trnmubbhòg nutliîthbn.
Nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8
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Rjrvhbhl wjf mj ijtnmntls nmihghstrnmls.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Npahbnbhòg wjf mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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2>
Rjrvhbhl mj bòmhcl mj jspnbhl nhsanml mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg. Rjrvhbhl mj blgehcurnbhòg mj susbrhpbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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]jiplrhznmlr Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Hgshc`ts.
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TjrelringbjTlhgt Rjrvhbj.
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Rjrvhbhl mj npahbnbhòg mj Trlojbt Rjrvjr.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj slahbhtumjs.
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Rjrvhbhl mj nainbjgnihjgtl sjcurl.
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Npahbnbhòg mj sjrvhbhl mj pjrehajs mj usunrhl.
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Rjrvhbhl mj crîehbls mj Uhshl.
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Rjrvhbhl mj nmihghstrnbhòg mj npahbnbhlgjs.
Npahbnbhòg
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Npahbnbhòg mj sjrvhbhl mj jquhahfrhl mj bnrcn y mjtjbbhòg mj npahbnbhlgjs. Glthehbnbhlgjs mja sjrvhbhl mj tlkjg mj Shgmlws.
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Rjrvhbhl mj trnmubbhòg nutliîthbn.
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Rjrvhbhl mj ijtnmntls nmihghstrnmls.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Blrrjl jajbtròghbl jgtrngtj mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg. Rjrvhbhl mj blgehcurnbhòg mj susbrhpbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
26
R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
Bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn
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]jiplrhznmlr mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Npahbnbhòg Sjf mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Hgshc`ts.
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Npahbnbhòg mj sjrvhbhl mj blgvjrshòg mj TlwjrTlhgt.
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Rjrvhbhl mj npahbnbhòg mj Trlojbt Rjrvjr.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj slahbhtumjs.
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Rjrvhbhl mj nainbjgnihjgtl sjcurl.
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Rjrvhbhl mj pjrehajs mj usunrhl.
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Slrm Nutlinthlg Rjrvhbjs.
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Glthehbnbhlgjs mja sjrvhbhl mj tlkjg mj Shgmlws.
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Bnb`è Mhstrhfuhmn.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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]jiplrhznmlr mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Npahbnbhòg Sjf mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Hgshc`ts.
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Rjrvhbhl mj blgvjrshòg mj TlwjrTlhgt.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj slahbhtumjs.
Fÿsqujmn •
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Rjrvhbhl mj jquhahfrhl mj bnrcn y mjtjbbhòg mj npahbnbhlgjs. Glthehbnbhlgjs mja sjrvhbhl mj tlkjg mj Shgmlws.
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]jiplrhznmlr mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Hgshc`ts.
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Rjrvhbhl wjf mj nmihghstrnbhòg mj fÿsqujmn.
Nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8
22
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Rjrvhbhl mj blgtrlanmlr mj `lst mj fÿsqujmns.
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Rjrvhbhls blgehcurnbhòg mja shthl y blgsuatn mj fÿsqujmn.
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Fÿsqujmn mj R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr.
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Bnb`è Mhstrhfuhmn.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt.
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]jiplrhznmlr mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Npahbnbhòg Sjf mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
Tjrslgnahznmls
Crngon mj ug sjrvhmlr Erlg-Jgm blg Bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn
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Bunaquhjr sjrvhbhl mj R`nrjTlhgt quj sj blgehcurj bl gehcurj jg als sjrvhmlrjs mj an Crngon.
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Rjrvhbhls mj Nbbjss.
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Rjrvhbhls mj Nbbjss 64>4.
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Rjrvhbhl mj nmihghstrnbhòg mj npahbnbhlgjs.
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Rjrvhbhl mj blgjbthvhmnm n mntls jiprjsnrhnajs.
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Glthehbnbhlgjs na sjrvhbhl sjrvhbhl mj tlkjg mj Shgmlws.
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Bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn.
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Rjrvhbhl mj trnmubbhòg nutliîthbn.
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Rjrvhbhl wjf mj ijtnmntls nmihghstrnmls.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Rjrvhbhl mj bòmhcl jg jspnbhl nhsanml mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg. Rjrvhbhl mj blgehcurnbhòg mj susbrhpbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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]jiplrhznmlr mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Npahbnbhòg wjf mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
2=
R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
Npahbnbhòg mj fÿsqujmn
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Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Hgshc`ts.
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Rjrvhbhl TjrelringbjTlhgt.
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Rjrvhbhl mj an npahbnbhòg Trlojbt Rjrvjr.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj slahbhtumjs.
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Rjrvhbhl mj nainbjgnihjgtl sjcurl.
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Rjrvhbhl mj pjrehajs mj usunrhl.
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Rjrvhbhl mj crîehbls mj Uhshl.
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Rjrvhbhl mj nmihghstrnbhòg mj npahbnbhlgjs.
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Rjrvhbhl mj jquhahfrhl mj bnrcn y mjtjbbhòg mj npahbnbhlgjs. Rjrvhbhl Blgjbthvhmnm n mntls jiprjsnrhnajs. Glthehbnbhlgjs na sjrvhbhl sjrvhbhl mj tlkjg mj Shgmlws.
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Rjrvhbhl mj trnmubbhòg nutliîthbn.
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Rjrvhbhl wjf mj ijtnmntls nmihghstrnmls.
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Blrrjl jgtrngtj mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Rjrvhbhl mj blgehcurnbhòg mj susbrhpbhòg mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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]jiplrhznmlr mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Npahbnbhòg wjf mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Rjrvhbhl mj tjiplrhznmlr mj eauol mj trnfnol mj Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Elugmnthlg.
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Ihbrlslet R`nrjTlhgt Hgshc`ts.
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Rjrvhbhl mj blgvjrshòg mj TlwjrTlhgt.
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Rjrvhbhl mj an npahbnbhòg Trlojbt Rjrvjr.
Nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8
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Nmihghstrnbhòg mj slahbhtumjs.
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Rjrvhbhl wjf mj nmihghstrnbhòg mj fÿsqujmns.
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Rjrvhbhl mj blgtrlanmlrn mj `lst mj fÿsqujmn.
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2:
Rjrvhbhl mj blgehcurnbhòg mja shthl y blgsuatn mj fÿsqujmn.
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Rjrvhbhl mj nainbjgnihjgtl sjcurl.
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Fÿsqujmn mj R`nrjTlhgt Rjrvjr.
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Rjrvhbhl mj pjrehajs mj usunrhl.
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Slrm Nutlinthlg Rjrvhbjs.
Jstn ahstn mj sjrvhbhls pujmj vnrhnr jg su jgtlrgl l blg nacugn nbtunahznbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt, pnrn lftjgjr an ahstn nbtunahznmn vnyn n an pîchgn mj mlbuijgtnbhòg mj als sjrvhbhls plr IhgVlaj (`ttps?//mlbs.ihbrlslet.bli/js-
js/s`nrjplhgt/hgstnaa/pangghgc-elr-n-ihgrlaj-sjrvjr-mjpalyijgt-hg-s`nrjplhgtsjrvjr ) l jojbutj ja shcuhjgtj blingml TlwjrR`jaa quj mjvujavj an ahstn mj sjrvhbhls, hgbauhml als sjrvhbhls lbuatls, jg ja sjrvhmlr mlgmj sj jojbutn. Nmm-TsRgnphg Ihbrlslet.R`nrjTlhgt.TlwjrR`jaa (Cjt-RTRjrvjr 1sjrvjr\gnij7).RjrvhbjHgstngbjs
Ahstnml >.- Ahstnr tlmls als sjrvhbhls sjrvhbhls mja sjrvhmlr nbtuna blg TlwjrR`jaa. TlwjrR`jaa.
=.6.- Mhsjþl mj IhgVlaj IhgVlaj jstî mhsjþnml pnrn shipahehbnr ja mjspahjcuj y jsbnanml mj R`nrjTlhgt, nsjcurngml quj ans pjthbhlgjs slg ntjgmhmns mj prhgbhphl n ehg plr ja sjrvhmlr quj rjbhfj an pjthbhòg jg eugbhòg mja lrhcjg mj an slahbhtum, usunrhl l prlbjsl plr altjs, y an eu gbhòg mja sjrvhmlr mj mjsthgl. Jg ans vjrshlgjs ngtjrhlrjs mj R`nrjTlhgt, ans hgstnanbhlgjs gl mjpjgméng mj ug Vla, y sòal sj mhstrhfuéng sjrvhbhls jg sjrvhmlrjs mjgtrl mj an tlplalcén aòchbn mj an Crngon. Jg iub`ls bnsls, ans pjthbhlgjs mj ug usunrhl rjblrréng tlmn an Crngon pjrmhjgml ja nabngbj mj jstn. Ja mhsjþl mj IhgVlaj pjrihtj tjgjr ugn jxpjrhjgbhn plr mjejbtl blg tlplalcéns rjblijgmnmns, shipahehbngml als mjspahjcujs mj Crngon Lg-prjihsjs y rjmubhjgml ans ughmnmjs mj jsbnan, pjrihthjgml ja prlvhshlgnml sjajbthvl mj eugbhlgjs jg ug sjrvhmlr. Jstl nmihtj hghbhnr ja blgougtl mj hgstngbhns mj sjrvhbhl gjbjsnrhls pnrn ug rla, bungml ug sjrvhmlr sj ugj n an Crngon, y ans Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl pnrn ntjgmjr an eugbhlgnahmnm jspjrnmn. Na ehgna, IhgVlaj cnrngthzn quj bnmn sjrvhmlr jojbutn als sjrvhbhls y Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl iéghils gjbjsnrhls y quj jstîg npahbnmn ans lpthihznbhlgjs gjbjsnrhns pnrn ja fujg eugbhlgnihjgtl mja sjrvhmlr jg an Cr ngon.
25
R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
Blg jstj bnifhl jg ja mhsjþl mj an tlplalcén mj ugn Crngon mj R`nrjTlhgt, R`nrjT lhgt, ugn Crngon sjgbhaan mj R`nrjTlhgt mjfjrén mj tjgjr, blil iéghil, mls sjrvhmlrjs, ugl blg bnmn rla, tjghjgml jg bujgtn quj jstj mhsjþl gl cnrngthzn an natn n atn mhsplghfhahmnm mhsplghfhahmnm l tlajrngbhn n enaals quj `nfhtunaijgtj sj hipajijgtng jg ans Crngons C rngons mj R`nrjTlhgt. Rh an natn mhsplghfhahmnm js ug rjquhshtl gjbjsnrhl, sj gjbjshtnréng als shcuhjgtjs sjrvhmlrjs?
]nfan =.- Crngon mj natn mhsplghfhahmnm blg IhgVlaj. Rjrvhmlr Erlgtna > Erlgtna 6 Npahbnbhlgjs > Npahbnbhlgjs 6
Vla Erlgt-Jgm blg bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn Erlgt-Jgm blg bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn Npahbnbhòg mj fÿsqujmn Npahbnbhòg mj fÿsqujmn
Gltn? Jstn nrquhtjbturn mj natn mhsplghfhahmnm jstî pjgsnmn pnrn Crngons mj tninþl pjqujþl. Jg ja shcuhjgtj jganbj pujmjs vjr ans mhejrjgtjs nrquhtjbturns rjblijgmnmns pnrn bnmn ugl mj als tninþls mj Crngons mj R`nrjTlhgt
`ttps?//mlbs.ihbrlslet.bli/js-js/s`nrjplhgt/hgstnaa/pangghgc-elr-nihgrlaj-sjrvjr-mjpalyijgt-hg-s`nrjplhgt-sjrvjr#ihgrlaj-tlplalchjs
=.2.- Jsbjgnrhls y ]lplalcén Tnrn usnr l gl an gujvn tjbglalcén mj IhgVlaj, `ny quj tjgjr jg bujgtn b uîa vn n sjr ja jsbjgnrhl mj usl mj an Crngon. Jg eugbhòg mja usl quj sj aj vnyn n mnr n R`nrjTlhgt 64>8, an tlplalcén mj sjrvhmlrjs sj pujmj mjehghr jg als shcuhjgtjs jsbjgnrhls?
]nfan :.- Jsbjgnrhls y rjqujrhihjgtls mj @nrmwnrj. Jsbjgnrhl Zg ÿghbl sjrvhmlr pnrn tlmls als rlajs
Zg ÿghbl sjrvhmlr pnrn tlmls als rlajs Rjrvhmlr wjf l Rjrvhmlr mj npahbnbhlgjs jg ugn Crngon mj 2 ghvjajs Rjrvhmlr wjf l Rjrvhmlr mj npahbnbhlgjs jg ugn Crngon mj 2 ghvjajs
Zsl jspjrnml Mjsnrrlaal l jvnaunbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 blg als sjrvhbhls iéghils rjblijgmnmls. Jgtlrgls mj Trujfns mj Nbjptnbhòg mj Zsunrhls blg tlmls als sjrvhbhls. Mjsnrrlaal l jvnaunbhòg mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 blg als sjrvhbhls iéghils.
VNI >5 CF
Trlbjsnmlr 5=-fht, = blrjs
6= CF
5=-fht, = blrjs
>6 CF
5=-fht, = blrjs
Crngons mj Trujfns mj Nbjptnbhòg mj Zsunrhls l Crngons mj Trlmubbhòg.
>5 CF
5=-fht, = blrjs
Nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8
23
Als jsbjgnrhls mj iÿathpajs sjrvhmlrjs slg als bngmhmntls hmjnajs pnrn hipajijgtnbhòg blg IhgVlaj, yn quj pjrihtjg an mhstrhfubhòg mj Vlajs jg bnmn ugl mj als sjrvhmlrjs quj hipajijgtnils jg an Crngon.
Gltn? pujmjs blgsuatnr als rjqujrhihjgtls mj @nrmwnrj mj RT 64>8 jg ja shcuhjgtj jganbj?
`ttps?//mlbs.ihbrlslet.bli/jg-us/s`nrjplhgt/hgstnaa/`nrmwnrj-ngmsletwnrj-rjquhrjijgts-64>8
=.=.- Vjblijgmnbhlgjs mj IhgVlaj An shcuhjgtj tnfan, iujstrn als rlajs rjqujrhmls plr thpl mj Crngon pnrn ja usl mj IhgVlaj?
]nfan 5.- Vlajs plr thpls mj Crngon. Vlaj
Vjqujrhml jg Crngons mj blgtjghml
Erlgt-Jgm Npahbnbhòg Bnb`è mhstrhfuhmn Fÿsqujmn
Ré Ré Ré
Vjqujrhml jg Crngons mj sjrvhbhls blipnrthmls Gl Ré Ré
Ré, sh `lspjmn an Ré, sh `lspjmn an fÿsqujmn fÿsqujmn Tjrslgnahznml Lpbhlgna Lpbhlgna
Vjqujrhml jg Crngons mj fÿsqujmn
Gl Gl Gl Ré Lpbhlgna
Gltn? als rlajs hgmhbnmls jg an ]nfan 5 `ng shml jxtrnémls mj an mlbuijgtnbhòg lehbhna pufahbnmn plr Ihbrlslet mhsplghfaj jg?
`ttps?//mlbs.ihbrlslet.bli/js-js/s`nrjplhgt/hgstnaa/pangghgc-elr-nihgrlaj-sjrvjr-mjpalyijgt-hg-s`nrjplhgt-sjrvjr#ihgrlaj-tlplalchjs Jg mhb`n mlbuijgtnbhòg tnifhèg sj pujmj blgsuatnr an ahstn mj tlplalcéns mj crngon mj blgtjghml mj IhgVlaj rjblijgmnmns.
=.:.- Fjgjehbhls mj IhgVlaj Bungml sj `nbj usl mj ans eugbhlgnahmnmjs mj IhgVlaj, sj lfthjgjg als shcuhjgtjs fjgjehbhls? •
Rhipahehbnbhòg mj an hipajijgtnbhòg, yn quj gls js gjbjsnrhl prjlbupnrsj plr mjehghr què sjrvhbhls thjgjg quj hghbhnrsj jg als sjrvhmlrjs. Zsngml an tlplalcén
R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
20
rjblijgmnmn mj IhgVlaj, ug nmihghstrnmlr mj R`nrjTlhgt sj bjgtrnrî jg nbthvnr ans eugbhlgnahmnmjs gjbjsnrhns jg an Crngon y mjonr quj R`nrjTlhgt blgehcurj, mjspahjcuj y lpthihbj als sjrvhbhls gjbjsnrhls. •
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Ijolr rjgmhihjgtl blg ans lpthihznbhlgjs npahbnmns jg bnmn rla. Ihbrlslet `n ngnahznml ja rjgmhihjgtl mj R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj, lftjghjgml iètrhbns mj jsbnanml blil usl mj BTZ, usl mj Ijilrhn, H/L mj mhsbl y antjgbhn mj an rjm. Crnbhns n jstns iètrhbns, R`nrjTlhgt thjgj naclrhtils jspjbéehbls mj lpthihznbhòg plr bnmn IhgVlaj quj slg npahbnmls n bnmn sjrvhmlr mj an Crngon jg eugbhòg mja Vlaj quj mjsjipjþn. Tanghehbnbhòg mj an jsbnanfhahmnm y bnpnbhmnm iîs shipaj. Ja gujvl pang mj bnpnbhmnm mj Ihbrlslet jstî fnsnml jg an tlplalcén mj IhgVlaj, quj pjrihtj, mj ugn elrin sjgbhaan, ncrjcnr gujvls sjrvhmlrjs quj sj blgehcurng mj elrin nutliîthbn.
:.- NV^ZH]JB]ZVN @ÉFVHMN Tlshfajijgtj `éfrhml sjn an bnrnbtjrésthbn iîs usnmn mjsmj R`nrjTlhgt 64>5, yn quj iub`ls bahjgtjs gl jstîg tltnaijgtj prjpnrnmls pnrn an gufj, pjrl sé quj jiphjzng n tjgjr sus prhijrls sjrvhbhls jg jaan. Als ilthvls pnrn gl sufhr n an gufj slg mhvjrsls? rjcuanbhlgjs mj an hgmustrhn, hipjmhijgtls ajcnajs, bnrnbtjrésthbns quj sòal sj pujmjg mjspajcnr jg Lg-prjihsjs, jtb. Tlr tlml jstl y ltrls enbtlrjs, R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 js ugn slaubhòg quj pjrihtj n ans lrcnghznbhlgjs nbbjmjr n blgtjghml mj als mls iugmls, mj Leehbj 25: y mj R`nrjTlhgt Lg-prjihsjs.
:.>.- Angznmlr mj Npahbnbhlgjs Jxtjgshfaj Ja gujvl Angznmlr mj Npahbnbhlgjs mj R`nrjTlhgt pjrihtj tjgjr ug aucnr mlgmj als usunrhls pujmjg mjsbufrhr ans gujvns npahbnbhlgjs mj R`nrjTlhgt Lg-prjihsjs y mj Leehbj 25:. Mhsjþnml pnrn nyumnr n hgtjcrnr an gufj blg ans n pahbnbhlgjs albnajs y quj, bungml sj nbthvng als Rhthls y/l LgjMrhvj pnrn Jiprjsns jg an gufj, sj mhsplgcn mj als jganbjs n Leehbj 25: Mjavj y n Leehbj 25: Uhmjl, nmjiîs mja rjstl mj npahbnbhlgjs quj ja usunrhl thjgj jg Leehbj 25:.
Ehcurn >.- Angznmlr mj Npahbnbhlgjs mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8.
Nrquhtjbturn mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8
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:.6.- Vjmhrjbbhòg mja Tjreha mja Zsunrhl Jstn lpbhòg, quj sj mjspajcò blg ja Rjrvhbj Tnbk > mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>2, js pnrtj mj als Rhthls @éfrhmls. Als usunrhls jg an gufj slg rjmhrhchmls n sus pjrehajs jg Leehbj 25:, quj elrin pnrtj mj Leehbj 25: Mjavj, bungml nbbjmjg n su pjreha l bungml ug usunrhl nbbjmj n ug pjreha jg an gufj.
:.2.- Rhthls @éfrhmls Als Rhthls @éfrhmls pjrihtjg n als usunrhls blgbhahnr y mjsbufrhr als shthls jg als quj blanflrn quj sj jgbujgtrng jg R`nrjTlhgt Lg-prjihsjs y jg Leehbj 25:. An e ugbhlgnahmnm mj ‑Rjcuhr ug shthl’ pjrihtj blgbjgtrnr tlmls als shthls y plmjr nbbjmjr n jaals mj ugn elrin eîbha y sjgbhaan. Jstn eugbhlgnahmnm lerjbj an plshfhahmnm mj bjgtrnahznr an hgelrinbhòg mj ans mls hgernjstrubturns, Lg-prjihsjs y jg an gufj, jg Leehbj 25:.
:.=.- LgjMrhvj pnrn Jiprjsns R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 pjrihtj rjmhrhchr n als usunrhls jg an gufj n LgjMrhvj pnrn Jiprjsns jg Leehbj 25:, nprlvjb`ngml tlmns ans eugbhlgnahmnmjs jxtrn blil Leehbj 25: Mjavj l an bnpnbhmnm mj nainbjgnihjgtl na inbjgnihjgtl plr usunrhl. Ja sjrvhbhl pjrihtj blgehcurnr n què numhjgbhns mj usunrhls sj vng n rjmhrhchr n Leehbj 25: pnrn quj `ncng usl mjsmj bunaquhjr aucnr mj sus mlbuijgtls jg LgjMrhvj, yn sjn blg ja bahjgtj wjf, blg ja bahjgtj mj shgbrlghznbhòg l blg ja bahjgtj bahj gtj iòvha.
:.:.- Fÿsqujmn @éfrhmn jg an gufj Zgl mj als mls jsbjgnrhls `éfrhmls mhsplghfaj jg R`nrjTlhgt 64>8, rjprjsjgtngml an shcuhjgtj cjgjrnbhòg mj fÿsqujmn y mjsbufrhihjgtl mj blgtjghml. Jstj sjrvhbhl ughehbn ja blgtjghml hgmjxnml tngtl Lg-prjihsjs blil mj Leehbj 25: jg ja égmhbj mja tjgngt mj Leehbj 25:. Bungml ug usunrhl rjnahzn ugn blgsuatn na égmhbj mj Leehbj 25:, lftjgmrî als rjsuatnmls mj nifns hgernjstrubturns jg ug slal s lal sjt mj rjchstrls. rj chstrls. Mjsmj ja pugtl mj vhstn mj an tlplalcén mj an Crngon, an Fÿsqujmn @éfrhmn jg an gufj pjrihtj rjpangtjnr an nrquhtjbturn? als sjrvhmlrjs mj rnstrjl sj ingthjgjg jg Lg prjihsjs, ihjgtrns quj sj pujmj pangtjnr mjajcnr ja nainbjgnihjgtl mja égmhbj y ans blgsuatns mj fÿsqujmn na tjgngt mj Leehbj 25:. Nmjiîs, sj ijolrn an jxpjrhjgbhn mj usunrhl blg ug ÿghbl rjsuatnml mj fÿsqujmn, blg rjanbhòg n als rjsuatnmls mj fÿsqujmn quj sj lfthjgjg jg an fÿsqujmn ejmjrnmn mhsplghfaj mjsmj R`nrjTlhgt 64>2.
:.5.- Fÿsqujmn @éfrhmn Ejmjrnmn An Fÿsqujmn @éfrhmn Ejmjrnmn js ja jsbjgnrhl prjsjgtj jg R`nrjTlhgt 64>2/64>5 y tnifhèg jg R`nrjTlhgt 64>8, quj pjrihtj, mjpjgmhjgml mj an tlplalcén jajchmn, jojbutnr blgsuatns mj fÿsqujmns jg Lg-prjihsjs y jg Leehbj 25:, rjbhfhjgml ug rjsuatnml mj bnmn ugn mj ans hgernjstrubturns mj elrin sjpnrnmn. Ja égmhbj sj jgbujgtrn jg Lg-prjihsjs y jg Leehbj 25:, na hcuna quj ja rnstrjl rn strjl quj sj jojbutn jg als mls jgtlrgls.
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R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 mj prhgbhphl n ehg
:.3.- ]nxlglién y ]hpls mj Blgtjghmls `éfrhmls Blg an tnxlglién `éfrhmn plmjils ingtjgjr ug ÿghbl sjrvhbhl mj ijtnmntls pnrn R`nrjTlhgt y R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj, pjrihthjgml ingtjgjr an bl`jrjgbhn jg an banshehbnbhòg mj als ijtnmntls jg ugn nrquhtjbturn `éfrhmn mj R`nrjTlhgt ml gmj als mlbuijgtls rjshmjg tngtl jg Lg-prjihsjs blg jg Lgahgj. Na nbthvnr jstn bnrnbtjrésthbn, tlmn an nmihghstrnbhòg mj an tnxlglién blipnrthmn sj rjnahznrî mjsmj R`nrjTlhgt Lgahgj, plr al quj jg R`nrjTlhgt Lg-prjihsjs sj thjgj ugn blphn mj sòal ajbturn mj als blgougtls mj tèr ihgls. Na mhsplgjr mj ug sjrvhbhl mj ijtnmntls nmihghstrnmls blipnrthml, sj pujmjg blipnrthr als thpls mj blgtjghmls jgtrj Lgahgj y Lg-prjihsjs.
5.- BLGBAZRHLGJR Als IhgVlajs pjrihtjg shipahehbnr an blgehcurnbhòg mj ugn Crngon mj R`nrjTlhgt 64>8 y lpthihzn als sjrvhbhls quj sj jojbutng jg bnmn sjrvhmlr, jg fnsj n ans blgehcurnbhlgjs quj Ihbrlslet `n hml rjnahzngml jg Leehbj 25: pnrn cnrngthznr ja òpthil rjgmhihjgtl mja sjrvhbhl jg an gufj. Tlshfajijgtj Ihbrlslet sjcuhrî mjsnrrlaangml sjrvhbhls l Npahbnbhlgjs mj Rjrvhbhl `éfrhmls quj jstnrîg mhsplghfajs jg pròxhins nbtunahznbhlgjs l vjrshlgjs mj R`nrjTlhgt. Jstls sjrvhbhls nyumnrîg jg ja bnihgl mj nmlpbhòg n an gufj, blil mjiujstrn ja gujvl sjrvhbhl mj Fÿsqujmn @éfrhmn jg an gufj. Zsnr an gufj, jg fnsj n ans gjbjshmnmjs mj bnmn lrcnghznbhòg, js ugn mj ans prjihsns iîs hiplrtngtjs pnrn cnrngthznr an nmlpbhòg y lpthihznr als prlbjsls y rjbursls Lg-prjihsjs. Lg- prjihsjs.
