c cc Table of Contents
c c c
GMAT Home c
800score Home
c c Àcc c ccc cc ccc cc ccc cc c c c cc
¦ c ccc cc c c c c c c cc cc c c cc c c c c ! c0ample Questions.c
I. 0entence Correction Introduction
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c cccccc cc c ! c c ccc cc
c c c c cc c c c cc cAWA Essay cc0entence Correction .c cccc ccc ccccc c c
c cc cc c c cc cc c c"#cc c#"c$ c c c c% c& cc The directions for these questions look like this:c Directions:c c
c ccc cc c c cc c c' c c c c c cc c ccc c c& c( )ccccc c c c cc c c c c c ccc c c* c c c c c c c
cc c c c c & c ccc cccstandard written Englishcccc cc cc+c c c c c c c cc c c c cclearly and preciselycc c ccccc cc c c cc cc c800scorecccccc ccc c c, c c c cccc c cc c c cccc cc c c cc cccc cc cc cc c The chapter is divided into five parts:c
uÀc
% c& ccc c cccc ccc
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c% c! cc c% c& c. c c c cccc c // c cc c
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c cccc c% c& c% c c c cccc cc c cccc ccc % c& c c+c
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cc c c c
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% c. c c c cc c c ! c cc
cc c
II. 0entence Correction Tips
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u. GMAT grammar adheres to the rules of "0tandard Written English"c %c, c c cc cc ccccccccc cc % c c c c c cc c c c c c
cc c c c c cc c c+cc ccc c 0ccc c cc cc cc c c 2. The GMAT tests a limited number of grammar rules.c ccc cc c c c c ! c c cc cc cc c c cc c c ccc c ccc 3. Grammar is key - but style is important, too c c c cc c cc c ccc cccc c c c% ccc c c1ccc ccc c cc cc c 4. Don't change the meaning of the sentencec c c c c c2
c ccc c cc c
c cc c ccc c c, cc c c c cc cc c c c c c c c c c
c c c c c c c 5. Incorrect answer choices are incorrectc % c& c c c ccc c c c c c
c c c c ccc ccc c ccccc2ccc c c c 2ccc cc cc
III. Glossary of Grammatical Definitions
cc
cc ccccccc ccccc c c cc cccc cc
c
Ê c
voice in which the person or thing performing the action is the subject of the verb c 3cc c c
Ê c
modifies a noun or adverbc ccchappyc c
Ê c
modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverbcc c c cslowlycc cc
Ê c
word (a, an, the) that specifies or confines the meaning of a nouncc - c cThec c c cc c Ac c c c c cc
Ê c
in a sentence, a group of words that contains both a subject and a predicatecc c 2c ccÑarbara said those things c
c
joins two or more words, phrases, clauses, or sentencescc % candc%
c c c c 0c c c cc cc
c
indicates a group of persons, things, or animals treated as a single entitycc cfleetccc cc c cchoruscc c cc c c
Ê
c
pair of words which, separated from each other in a sentence, act as a conjunction (joining two or more words, phrases, or sentences) c Eithercc ccc corc c
c c c c c c
©c
noun formed from a verb, usually by adding -ing to the endcc unning ccccc c c c
c
expression comprising several words, the meaning of which extends beyond the meanings of the individual words c & c cas goodcasc c c c c cccccin contrast toccc c Neitherccnorc%cc c c
ccc c4cc cc
Ê c
pronoun that does not stand in for any particular noun, but instead refers to "people in general" or fulfills the sentence's syntactical need for a pronouncc ½neccc c ccc 2c c Itcc c c
c
dictionary form of a verb; in English, most often appears as "to ___ " ("to eat", "to run")cc To sleepc cto dreamcc 2c cc
c
word, phrase, or clause that provides extra information about another word, phrase, or clausecc csoftc
c ccccc chardc c
c
verb form that indicates the speaker's position on the factuality of the sentence; indicates if action/condition is true or unlikely, or if the speaker is giving a command c c!( ccc)c 5c c
ccc cccc cc(cc)c% c
ccc ccc6c %4 c ( c cc4 c )c cc7 c cc cc cc c
c
indicates a person, place, or thingcc ohnc cpizzacc ccafecccfriendscc
c
in a sentence, the noun or noun phrase that receives, or is otherwise affected by, the action specified by the verbcc ccto the cliffcc
Ê c
voice in which the person or thing performing the action is the object of the verb c c cccc cc
phrase c
in a sentence, a group of words that contains either a subject or a predicate and lacks the othercc ¦c7 c c cc ccc 7 c c c
cc $ c7 ccccc 4 c c c c c c
Ê c
noun, pronoun, or adjective indicating multiple persons or thingscc Cowsc2c csheep.cc
c
pronoun indicating possessioncc 12ccc c cc cc c cchers.cc
Êc
part of a sentence or clause that, as a whole, modifies the subject; includes the verb, the object/s, or phrases presided over by the verbcc *creadscc *creads the newspapercc *creads the newspaper to his grandfathercc
c
shows relationship between words, phrases, or clausesc
c from '8 cc c cc cc
c conc cc
c
stands in for a noun or noun phrasecc 3c4c cc c ccHe cc c c cc
c
noun indicating a specific person, place, or thingcc cAngkor Vat TempleccCambodiacc ccCassandra'sc ccc c
Ê c
pronoun that connects a subordinate clause to the rest of the sentencecc 5cc ccwhocc c c 5cc ccthatc3 ccccc
c
group of words that contains a subject and a predicate, and is able to stand on its owncc ccc c
© Êc
noun, pronoun, or adjective indicating one person or thingc ccowc 2c c csheepc
c
in a sentence, the noun or noun phrase that performs the action indicated by the verb; or which is explained or described by the verbcc The shipc cc cccc
c
represents an action or state of beingcc , c
cknowcc c
voice c
set of verb forms indicating the relationship between the subject and the action or condition expressed by the verbcc ccc
c3c 3cc
cc ccc
c
IV. 0entence Correction Three-0tep Method
cc
cc
c
A 0entence Correction question looks like this:c "c^hen Charlene goes to the park, she likes to run, swim, and to play basketball.c A.cshe likes to run, swim, and to play basketballc Ñ.cshe likes to run, swim, and play basketballc C.cshe likes running, to swim, and to play basketballc D.cshe likes running, swimming, and to play basketballc E.cshe likes all of the following, to run, swim, and to play basketball c +c c ca sentence with one section underlinedcc canswer choicesc c ccc c c ccc c c c/c c c
c c c cc c c cc c c+ccccc c c cccc
c cc c c cc%c, c c% c cc c c c
c cc c cc c ccccc c% c cc c cc cc
c, c cccc cc c ccc c cc c
c 800score Three-0tep Method to 0entence Correction questions:c
c
"c
c
c ead the entire sentence.c-cc c c c ccc c c c c c ccc c c c c c c cchoice Ac
c c c ccc c c ccc c c c -2ccc
c 8cc0c c cc cc% c & c cccccc cc c cccc2 cc c c c cc
c
c ! c c cc c ccc c After you've read the sentence, look for clues indicating which grammar rule the question is testing.c cc c c c cc cc
c c cc c cc c c cc c 9 cc ccc Agreement Issuesc1ccc cccc c :c Modifiersc1ccc c cccccc c c c :c Parallelsc1ccc cccc cc
cc cccnot only...but alsocboth...andceither...orcneither...norcc c
:c
;c
c c2 c c c c c c cc c c Look for the answer choice that preserves the meaning of the original sentence and fixes its errors without creating any new ones.c c c ccc cc
¦ccc cc ccc c c2c cc ccc ccc 8 cc c c ccc ccc c ! c
V. 0even Error Types
cc
cc
c
The GMAT tests only a limited number of grammar error types.c cc c cc cc c cc c
cc c ! c
0even Types of Errors in the 0entence Correction 0ectionc "c%4 /$ c cc
c! c ;c7
c #c7c cc =c$ c c% c >c&c cc c
c u-A. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: x
cc
cc
c 0ubject-Verb Agreement c A. Introductionc 'c%4 c?c$ c% cc &c&
c¦c -c7 c?c% c
c¦ c?c c @c c?c¦c c%4 c?c$ c?c 4 c 5c.c,cc c% c. cc c
0ubjects and verbs must agree. c24 2ccc cc cccc c cc c 2c c c cc ccc c cc c c4 cc c cc c 0cc c4 cc c ccccc c c ! c cc cccc c c c cc c cc c
c cc
c
c c c
ccc cccc c cc cc cc
cc c4 cc c c c' c2
ccc cc cccc4 / c cc
ccccc cc c ! 2c
cc c
u. What "Agreement" Means in English Grammar c cc cc c c cc cc
c c c cc cccc ccc
cccc2ccccc ccc ccc c,c cc cc c
c c c'c cc c
2. Kinds of Agreementcc c c c c c c cc c cccccc c 0c cc c 0c4 cc cc c0c cc c ()c c c - cc c cc cc cc c cc cctensecnumbercccasec Tenseccnumberc cc 0cnumberc cc ccc0cccasec cc ccc c Tense:c c ccc cc cc
c cc Number:c ccc/c c( )cc c( cc )c Case:c c cccccc cc cc c ccc c c
c cc c ccc c c4 cc4 c c c cc cccc cccccc ccc cc cccc cc cc ccnumberc( cc )c c cccccc c cc cccnumberc( cc )cccasec( cc )c@c c c c ccc ccc c c c cc cc cc cc c c ccc c cccc 'c c c c/c cc cc c?cc
u-Ñ. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: 0 0
cc
cc
c
A subject and verb may be separated by an accompanying phrase without changing the agreement.c The child, together with his grandmother and his parents, is going to the beach.c This sentence is grammatically correct.c, cc c ccc c cc4 c cc c c4 cc cc
c c cc c c cc cc c c cc ccc c c c ccc cc c ccc c c c c c4 c(the child)cc c c(is going)cc
c
7c c ccwhoccwhatccc cc cc c cc c cc cc c c c c c 5 2cc ccc ccccc c c cc cc c
c cc c ccccorrectccincorrectc Mrank, accompanied by his students, were at the studio.c
c c cccc ccc cTo clarify which of the three nouns is the subject of the sentence, and with which of the two verbs the subject should agree, cross out everything inside the commas, like so:c
c
Two nouns remain: c4 cc ccccc c /cc(@)c c c 2 c
cc c/ c cc c c c cc c c( )cc c c cccc c / c4 ccc c c 2
c c c c /cc, 2 c cc c
c
c
c
c4 cc c cccc ccc c c'c cc4 / cc
c
c
c c c cc c cc c c ccc c ccc cc cc c cc c c c c c(c cccc c )cc c c ccc cc cc cccc c cc cc c2c c c cc cccc c cc c cc cccc/c cccc c cc ccc c c c3cccc c c c c ccc c c c cc cc c c c4 / c c c@c c c ccc c4 cc c ccc cc cc ccc c@cwascc cc Incorrect:cMrank, accompanied by his students, were at the studio.c Correct: Mrank, accompanied by his students, was at the studio.c
cc Check for agreement in every question you see, and be aware of the different ways the error can pop up. %cc cc c
5 2c cc cc
c cc
c c c A. "½f" Phrasesc c c
c c cccc c
cccccc cccc c cc, ccc cc cc ccc c ccc
ccc c c c cc'c2c c c cc c cc cccc cc c c c4cc c c ccc c cc cccc c/ c c cc 1ccc cc The goal of the architects are to create the most stunning and functional building in the city.c - c c c cc c4 :c2c ccccc c c c2cc cc c 4 cc, cc c c ccc c4 :c
c c c cc cc c4 c c c c c cccc c'cc c c c cc c4 c c c cc cc cc cc c4 ccc
c cc c cccc c ccc cc c c c cc c c ccc c c ccc
ccc c
c( c c )cc
c c c
c cc cc cc cc c c c ccc c c cc ccc c4 cc c c c c cc c cc
c c cc c cc cc cc c cc c cc cc cc cc c c(c cc )c c ccc cc c
c c c
cc cc c4 cc c ccc cc cc c cc Incorrect:cThe goal of the architects to create the most stunning and functional building in the city.c Correct:cThe goal of the architects to create the most stunning and functional building in the city.c
cc Ñ. "For" Phrasesc @c c c ccc cc cccc c c c c cc c/ c cc cccc c cc 1cc cc c,cc :c The book I bought for my students the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c The book I bought for my students the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c ccc c c 2 c cccc cccc c c c c 4 cccc ccc
c 5ccccccc c4 ccc cc cc :c@ccc cc cc The I for my the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c The I for my the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c c c ccc cccccccccc4 ccc c¦ c cc c(c)/ cc The I the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c The I the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c +cc ccccwithc cc cc2c ccc* ccc c c c c4 ccc c
c c cc cc c c ccc c c c cc c cc cc cc%cc2 c c c cccc cc
c c ccc c c cc/ cc/ ccc cc cc c c c ccc c cc cc
c c4 c c ccc cc c cc Correct:cThe book I bought for my students tells the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c Incorrect:cThe book I bought for my students tell the story of a Russian immigrant's experience in the United States. c 'cc c c cc c cc cc c c c cc c 8 cc
c c c4 / c c cc cc ccc
c c2 c c c cc cccc
c2c cccccc 8 cc cc c cc
u-C. Collective Nouns
cc
cc
c
Collective nouns, such as ?, , , and
are singular when they act in a collective fashion or represent one group. c c c c c cc c
cccc Collective nouns will usually be singular in 0entence Correction sentences. The difficulty of these questions lies in ? a noun as a collective noun.c a majority of the shareholders wants the merger.c cc
c c cc ccc c& :cc2 cc c c cc ccc c cc 8 c2c
cccc c c c c c c c c c cc ccccc c :c ccc cc c c ccc :cc c c c c c c cc cc4c c4cc c c c c 0c c c c c ccccccc c ccc cc c cc cc cindividuals withinc c4c
c
5 cc c cc The flock of birds is flying south. c c c c ccc
ccc ccc c c ccc cccc cc ccc c ccc 2 cc cc c2c cc cc c cc c ccc c c c c cc c cc cc c cc c cccc c c ccc c c c cc
c Here is an example of a collective noun that requires a plural verbc ccc
cc cc c cc c ! c2c cc
c c cc c c c cc 8c cc c c cc cccccc c c c c cccc c c c cc c c' c c cc c c cccc ccc c cc c c/c c/c cc c c cc c cc c "c 8 c c
cc
c 8 c2cccc c cc c cccc
cc ;c c c c c cc c ! cc c c c
c cc c c c cc cc c cc c c c
cc'ccccc cc c cc
cc cc cc ccc c2 c c cc c c
c
ccList of Common Collective Nounsc
c
c
c
c
c
c
4c
c( c)c
c
4c
c( )c
c
c
c( )c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
cc
c
c
cc
c
c
cc
u-D. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: o 0
cc
cc
c
c c cc c c cc cc c cÑecause these names ± Ted, ohn, I - are separated by the word "and", the plural form of the verb is used, according to the rule stated above.c-2c /cc c2cc cc cc c4 cc c cc cc c c c c(c cccc )cc c4 c c c c%c c cc c c
c c cc c c c c ccc c'cc c c cc cc c,:c ' c c c c cc cccAnd according to the rule above, when a list of things is separated by the word "nor," the singular form of the verb is used. c cccccc c
c c c cc ccc c cc c c 22ccc c c cc c c c c cccc ccwhat does this sentence tell us exactly?cc
ccc ccccc3cccc c% c cc c c cc
cc c cc 2c c cc cc cc cc cc cc You could also think about it this way: neither one of the two is goingc
5 c c c cc c c c( cc )c c c c A. Pronounsc
c
ccA. The following pronouns are always singular: c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c cc
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
cc
c
c
!cc cccc cc c cccccc
c c
c c c
c
c c c
ccÑ. The following pronouns are always plural: c c
c
c
c
c c cc
c
c
! 8 c c
c c c
ccC. The following indefinite pronouns could be either singular or plural
c
depending on context:c c
c
c
c
c cc
c
c
c 22& c c ccc cccc cc2c cc 8c1cc c c 0 of the bananas are brown.c 0 of the banana is brown.c 'c c c c,c c cc cc c cc c cc :c' cc cc c2 2c cc cc4 c
c c c cc cc c cc cc c cccc ccc cc ccc
c c ccc cccccc c c cc
c cccc cc c
cccc@cc c c
c
c c c ccc c c c cccc
ccc cc cc c 0cc2c
ccc cc cc c cc
c
c 2c c c c c ccc4c c cc c
c
cc c
cc cc
c cc c
c c c c1cc c c ¦ of the ice cream was left over.c ¦ of my friends are going to a play tonight.c ¦ of the inmates was given a fair trial.c % c c :c ccc c c c ccc cc
ccc c ccc cc
ccc c c'c cc cccpluralcccc singularc c5c cc :cc c cc cc
cc c cc c2c c cc cc
ccThe word "none" can be used to mean either "not any" or "not one," and sometimes, only context, or the writer's intended emphasis, can determine which use is better.c@ c cc c c
c cc c ! c/cc cc c cc c cc cc c c c ccccc c ccc cc cc c
ccc c cc c c cc cc
0cc ccc c c cc c1 2c ccc cc c c
c cc
c ice creamcc ccc c c c c cc
ccc c c c cc ccc c c cc c ccc
c 5 2cc ccc cc c
c c cc cc
c cc cc c cc cc
c, c c c cccc ¦ of my friends going to a play tonight. c c ccc cc cc cc c
c c c cccc c c%c c c c cc ceverycc 2cc ccccccsingle oneccc cisccc
c c c c c c cc c ¦ ? inmates was given a fair trial. c , cc cccc c cccc ccc cc2 cc c c c c c ccc cc c c c c c ccccc c :cccc cc c 0ccc c cc c5 c cc cc 8 cc c c cc c cc c cc c c c c c Not a single one of the inmates was given a fair trial.c -2cccccc ccc c
c c c cc c c ! cc c cc ccc c% c& c c
¦ is singular when:c cc
c cc c
¦ is plural when:c cc
c cc c
*c ¦ c c ccc ¦ c cc cccc c cc
*c ¦ c cccc
u-E. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: ¦ ¦ and always take singular verbs when acting as the subject of a sentence.c
c cc
5 c c cc ccc ccc cc cc c cc cc c 4 cc c c c c c c c c¦ c cc c c cccc c 4 cc c c c c c ccc c c c cc cc
.c 5 c c cc cccc c cc ccc c4 cc c cc ccIf you're at all confused, a helpful tip is to think of the word "either" as an abbreviation of the phrase "either one".c cccc2c cc cc c cccc4c
c( cccccc ccc)c c4 cc c cc c( )cccc c c cc c cc
u-F. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: ½ ¦ ¦ and are a special case. If two subjects are joined by or , the verb should agree with the subject that is closer to it.c If the conjunction appears in a sentence with ; or the conjunction with , then the "neither/either" rule as stated above no longer applies.ccccc c c
cccc c
cccc2c
c cc c c c c cc ccc c
c c¦ Acc Ac cc cc c cc ! cc c c c cc cc c cc c c4 cc c c c c ccconjunctionsccccccccc4ccotherc4 cc c c, c ccthe verb agrees with 3 c
c c Ac ccc4 c ccc c(,cc ccc 4 c:c' cc cc c4 c c ccc c
c cc cc)c% c c c4 cc cc c c c cc c cc c c c cc cc
c
c cc c
cc c c c cc c c4c4c c 4 cc ?c c cc c cc c4 c ccccc cc c c c c ccc c cc emember to apply this rule only when both items of the pairs "neither/nor" and "either/or" are present in the sentence. c
u-G. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: 0 ½
cc
cc
c
Ñe careful to choose the right subject in sentences in which the verb precedes the subject.c % cc ccc/
cccccc c c4 cc c ccc c ccccc 2c ccc c' ccccc 4 cc4 c c
c cc c cc c cc cccc c c c0uch sentences follow the pattern 0ubject ² Verb ² ½bject.c 5 ccc c
c c cc cc ccc2
c c cccc c cdogcc
ccc c catecc c ccc cdogcc c cc cc c cdogcc c c4 cc c c c c cchomeworkcc c c 4 c
c % c c c
c cccc c c, c
ccc c c
c c ccc c c c cc cccc ccc c4 c,c cccc c:c 1 2c ccc c c Incorrect:cThere is many reasons why I can't help you.c
c c ccc c(there iscchelp)cc cc(reasonscIccyou)c% c c ccc c c(isccan't)c ccc(reasonscI)0c cc(you)c
c c c cc c c
cc c c cc cc c cc2c cc
c c c cccc c c c4 c, cc c c cc cccc c 4 cc c ccc cc
Correct:cThere are many reasons why I can't help you.c
c 5 why I can't help youccccc cc c c, ccc cc ccccc cc c c cccc c4 cc c ccc c c, cc c ccc cc c c ccc cc c 4 c cc ccc cc c c cc 2c c cc c c4 cc c cc c c cc c c c c ccreasonsc c c4 c cc c c cc c c carecc c
c
ccA quick summary of how to recognize subject-verb agreement errors. Look
c
for:c c4 cc c cc cc( c)c &
cc cmajoritycaudiencecfamilyAc 7 c cc4c candcnorcneitherc ccc cdata?datumc & c cc
c c4 / c cccc c
c c
u-H. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: G
c
The phrase "the number" requires a singular verb. The phrase "a number" requires a plural verb.c The number of frogs in the pond is twice the number of fish.c a number of protestors are gathering outside the capitol building today.c , cc c c c
ccc2 cccc c ccccccc
cc c c c cc cc c
c
c The noun impact the verb in any way whatsoever, because "the number" and "a number" are the subjects of the sentence, not the nouns following them.c
u-I. 0ubject-Verb Agreement: 0 ½ u. The President of Costa Rica, along with two vice-presidents, are elected for a four-year term by the people.c a)c c ccc/ c cc c c b)c c cc c ccc/ c c c)cc ccc/ c cc c c d)c c cc/ c cc c c e)cc cc/ c cc c c
c7 cc&c*c ccc / c c ccc/ c cc c c
c c c cc subject/verb agreement: 4 ? c c Úalong with two vice-presidents¶ separates the noun 'the president of Costa Rica' (singular) from the verb Úare¶ (plural) c
c a)c c ccc/ c cc c c %4 c?c c :cN½c( c?c )c b)c c cc c ccc/ c c %4 c?c c :cN½c( c?c )c c)cc ccc/ c cc c c %4 c?c c :cYE0c( c?c)c c :c c d)c c cc/ c cc c cc %4 c?c c :cN½c( c?c )cc
e)cc cc/ c cc c c %4 c?c c :cYE0c( c?c)c c :c& cc 6ccBc c Cc C) shows the correct subject-verb agreement; no additional errors are created.c
c
2.cThe Egyptian Museum in Cairo, which contains 120,000 objects from prehistoric times through the GrecoRoman period, are home to one of the most impressive collections of ancient Egyptian artifacts.c a)ccc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c c c cc b)ccc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c c c cc c)cc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c c c cc d)cccc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c c c cc e)cc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c cc cc
cc! cc&ccc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c / *c c c cc cc cc c
cc ccc
c c c cc subject/verb agreement:c4 ? c c Úwhich contains 120,000 objects from prehistoric times through the Greco-Roman period¶ separates ÚThe Egyptian Museum in Cairo¶ (singular) from the verb Úare¶ (plural) c
c a)ccc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c c c cc %4 c?c c :cN½c( c?c )c b)ccc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c c c cc %4 c?c c :cN½c( c?c )c c :cCcCc c)cc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c c c cc %4 c?c c :cN½c( c?c )c d)cccc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c c c cc %4 c?c c :cN½c( c?c )c e)cc" DDDDc4 cc c cc c /*c cc cc %4 c?c c :cYE0c( c?c)c c :c¦ c
E) shows the correct subject-verb agreement; no additional errors are created.c
c a number of colorful glass vases were displayed in the store window.c a)c c cc c cc b)cc cc c cc c)cc cc c cc d)c cc c cc e)c c c cc c cc c c cc c c c c cc c cc
c c c c subject/verb agreement:c.c,cc Úa number¶ always takes a plural verb Úthe number¶ always takes a singular verbc
c a)c c cc c cc %4 ? c :cYE0c(c ?c )c c :c c b)cc cc c cc %4 ? c :cN½c(c ?cc )c c :cB Cc c)cc cc c cc %4 ? c :cN½c(c ?cc )c d)c cc c cc %4 ? c :cN½c
c Neither of our school¶s students nominated for the national spelling bee were able to win the competition.c
a)c¦ ccc Cc c cc c c
c c c b)c¦ ccc Cc c cc c c
c cc c)c¦ cc c ccc c cc c c
c c c d)c¦ cc c c cc c c
c ccc c c e)c¦ c ccc Cc ccc cc c c
c cc
c ¦ ccc Cc c cc c c
c c c ccc c c
c c c subject/verb agreement:c ? c ÚNeither¶ is always a singular subject and thus takes a singular verb. The original sentence uses Úwere,¶ which is plural.c
c a)c¦ ccc Cc c cc c c
c c c %4 ? c :cN½c( ? )c b)c¦ ccc Cc c cc c c
c cc %4 ? c :cYE0c( ?)c c :c¦ c c)c¦ cc c ccc c cc c c
c c c %4 ? c :cN½c( ? )c d)c¦ cc c c cc c c
c ccc c c %4 ? c :cN½c( ? )c e)c¦ c ccc Cc ccc cc c c
c cc %4 ? c :cYE0c( ? )c c :cc cc c cccB c CcBcCcc Ñ) shows the correct subject-verb agreement and is the most concise choice.c
c Everybody at the party love the chocolate cake Shelley made.c a)c cc cc c c c c%
c c b)c cc ccc c c c c%
c c c)c cc cc c c c c%
c c d)c c c c c c%
c cc cc e)c c c c c c%
c cc cc
c cc cc c c c c%
c c
c c c csubject/verb agreement:c c? c ÚEverybody¶ is a singular subject and thus takes a singular verb Ú ove¶ is the plural formc
c a)c cc cc c c c c%
c c %4 ? c :cN½c( ? )c b)c cc ccc c c c c%
c c %4 ? c :cYE0c( ?c )c c :cBc Cccc c)c cc cc c c c c%
c c %4 ? c :cYE0c( ? )c c :c¦ c d)c c c c c c%
c cc cc %4 ? c :cN½c( ? )c e)c c c c c c%
c cc cc %4 ? c :cYE0c( ? )c c :c ?c& cc 6c c cB c c%
c cc cCcc c%
c c c c c ccc c c C) correctly agrees subject and verb and is the most concise and clear choice.c
c
6. The public are receiving the new mayor well, though she was mostly unheard of prior to the election.c a)c c c c c c cc
cc cc b)c c c c c cc
cc cc c)c c cc c c cc
cc cc d)c c cc c c cc
cc cc e)c c c c c c cc
cc cc
c c c c c c cc
cc cc c cccc c c
c c c subject/verb agreement:c
cc ÚPublic,¶ although made up of members functions as a singular group and thus takes a singular verb. Úare¶ is plural.c
c a)c c c c c c cc
cc cc %4 ? c :cN½c( ? )c b)c c c c c cc
cc cc %4 ? c :cN½c( ? c
cc cc %4 ? c :cYE0c( ?)c c :c¦ c d)c c cc c c cc
cc cc %4 ? c :c+%c( ?)c c :cB cc cCc
cc cc %4 ? c :cN½c( ? )c c :cB cc cCc
c
7.c^e don¶t yet know whom, but eventually either my brother or myself are going to take over the family business.c a)c cc cc c ccc c c c c c b)c cc cc c ccc c c c c c c)c cc cc c
c ccc c c c c c d)c cc cc cc c c c c e)c cc cc cccc c c c c c
c , cCc cccc
c cc cc c ccc c c c c c
c c c csubject/verb agreement:c?cc
If two subjects are joined by or , the verb should agree with the subject that is closer to it. In this case, the verb Úare going¶ is plural, and the subject Úmyself¶ is singular.c
c a)c cc cc c ccc c c c c c %4 c?c c :cN½c( ?c )c b)c cc cc c ccc c c c c c %4 c?c c :cN½
c ccc c c c c c %4 c?c c :cYE0c( c
c )c c :cB
c cCcc cc d)c cc cc cc c c c c %4 c?c c :cN½c/cc c/c ?c()cc e)c cc cc cccc c c c c c %4 c?c c :cYE0c( c?c)c c :c c c E) correctly agrees subject with verb and remains a clear and well-written sentence.c
c
8.cNext to me on the bench sits two older women.c a)cc c ccc c c b)cc c ccc c c c)cc c ccc c c d)ccc c cc c c e)cc c ccc c c
c ¦ cc cc c ccc c c
c c c subject/verb agreement: 4 c?c c?c4 c In this sentence the verb: Úsits¶ precedes the subject: Útwo older women¶ Úthe bench¶ is the object of the sentence.c c c
c a)cc c ccc c c %4 c?c c :cN½c
c
2. Modifiers: x
c Modifiersc A. Introductionc 'c 4 cc c &c 4 cc cc% c$ c -c! c! c c% c. c c
Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that provide descriptive detail about other words, phrases, or clauses.c 4 c( c cc cc )c c cc c c( cc )cc Adjectives modify nouns. Adverbs modify verbs or adjectives.c
c
c % c c c cc c cc c!c cc c ccc /c ccc c 2 c c ccc c c c cc c cccc4 cc c1 c c c c c cc c ! c c c
c cc c ccc cccc 8 c ccc cc c ! c'cc c c cc ccca ? ? ? c ½ur list of common modifier errors, begins with adjectives and adverbs, and then considers phrases and clauses.c
2-Ñ. Modifiers: a a Errors in the Use of Adjectives and Adverbs.c cc cc c ccc c c cc cc c cc cc c ccc c c cc cccc c ccccadjectivecccadverbcc "c
cadjectivec cccccc c c cccc cc :cc c She is a good tennis player.c(,ccc c cc :)c This is an easy exercise. (,ccc cc:)c
c
cadverbc cc cc4 cc c cc c c c c cccccc :c She plays tennis well.c(% c c:) This exercise is relatively easy.c(cc ccc :)cc
c ccc c cccc cc4 ccc cc c c!c c c ccc/ cc c4 cccHe worked quickly.c
c c 5 c c cc c ccc c 8 cc2 cc c cc c Here's a list of common exceptions to study.c
cc Exceptions The following irregular adverbs do not end in ²ly.c Adjectivec ccAdverbc c
cc c( cc/ ccc c c4 )cc
cc cc cc
cc cc c cc
c
c( c ccccc
c)cc cc 0c cc cc 0c c cc c cc c( c c c)c cc
cc cc c( c c )c cc 0cc cc 0cc cc
c cc c( cccccc
)cc cc 0cc cc 0cc cc
0c cc cc 0c cc cc c cc c cc c cc c cc 0c 0c c cc 0c 0c c cc 0c c cc 0c c cc 0c 0c c cc 0c 0c c( c cc c )c cc 0c 0c c cc 0c 0c c( c c )c cc 0c 0c c cc 0c 0c c( c c cc c
ccccc 0c 0c c c
0c 0c c 0c 0c c
cc 0c 0c cc cc c( ccc c c )c
cc c)cc cc 0c 0c c( c c cadjcccc c cadv.c cc 0c 0c c( c c
)cc
0c 0c c cc 0c 0c c 0c 0c c 0c 0c c cc
cc 0c 0c c( c 0c c c )cc cc 0c 0c c( c c )cc cc cc
cc cc cc cc cc cc
cc cc cc More Exceptions The following irregular adverbs do not end in ²ly.c c c( c )c c( c )c c c c
c( ccc cccccc
)cc
cc c
cc cc After you've identified the word as an adjective or adverb, the next step is to determine whether it is used correctly.c1cc c c cc
She is a real good swimmer.c c ccc cccccc c cccc 4 c c ccc c :c2ccc
c c 2 c
c c c ' c c ccc
c c ccc c ccgoodc cswimmercGoodccc4 ccswimmercccc 4 ccccc c c'c c ccrealc ccc c4 cgoodcealc cc4 cEcc c cc4 c
c cc c c4 crealcc c c4 cgoodcc ccc creallyc¦ c c creallyccrealcccE c cc Incorrect: She is a good swimmer.c Correct: She is a good swimmer.c Incorrect: The new student speaks .c Correct: The new student speaks .c c cc c cccccc c cccc cc c c c4 c cc ccc cc ccc cc cc c c cccc ccc c c c'cccc4 c/cc4 c cc c c c c c c c c4 ccc c c c cc c c c cccc cc c/ cc
2-C. Modifiers: a a Errors of Adjectives and Adverbs with 0ense Verbs.c c
c c cadjectivec cc soundc
lookc
smellc
tastec
feelc
seemc
These verbs are all "sense verbs," or verbs that describe someone's sensation or feeling or perception. c c c c c4 cc c cc Incorrect: The strawberry shortcake tastes c Correct: The strawberry shortcake tastes .c % c c c cccc ccc c4 c c
c c c cc c c c c cc cccc c c c c c' c c c c c cc c cc cc c c(c)ccc c c c c c c c cc c c c c c ccccc ccccccccc When a sense verb is sandwiched between a noun and a modifier, the modifier should always agree with the noun. c % c c c c c c cc c' c
c cc c4c c ccc 2c c c cc% c c c cc c ccc cc c5 2ccc c after she returned from the three-week vacation, she looked very well.c 5cc c cc c cc5 c c
:cc cc ccccc ccc cc c c cc ccc 0cc c c c5 2c
cc
c7 cc:c'cccc:cc
c 1cc c c ccc cc c(well)c c cc c(looked)c c c c c c c'c c2ccc cc cEc ccc ccc(c)ccc cccc4c cccc
c % cccccc(cccc)c c cc4 cc c c c ccc cc c c c
cc c4 ccc Incorrect: after she returned from the three-week vacation, she looked 3 .c
Correct: after she returned from the three-week vacation, she looked .c
2-D. Modifiers: ÷ ÷? Location of Modification ± Misplaced Modifiersc ,2cccc :c Minally thinking clearly, the book was able to be understood by Rebecca.c c cc c c c c cc* c
c c cc c c cc c 'cc c c cactuallyc:ccc c c2
c cc cc c cc cc c c cthe bookccRebeccac c4 cc c cc cc c cc cc cc cc* c2ccEcccccc :cEccc c c cc
c,c c:c c2
c
c c c c4 cc cÑut modifiers can also be of words ± known as adjectival or adverbial phrases or clauses ± that describe another part of the sentence. Like single-word adjectives and adverbs, these multiple-word modifiers must be placed as to the word or group of words they're modifying. Those modifiers that fail to observe this rule are called "misplaced modifiers".c ! c cc c c c/cc c ccc c ! c' c cc c c cmeansccc2c cccc cc c c c c cc c cc cc 1 2c ccc c c
c cc c cc
c ccthe bookc cc c c cc cc c2cc cc cc cc c cc c cMinally thinking clearlycmustc cc* c'c c ! c2c cc cc c c 0c2c cc cc cc ccc c cc c a modifier 3 3? Thus, the modifier in this sentence be describing the book. 0o this sentence is misleading - and incorrect - because the modifier is not immediately followed by what it is modifying: that is, ! .c cc c c
½n arriving at the train station, his friends greeted Jay and took him immediately to his speaking engagement in Springfield.c cc2c ccc cc ccc c3c cc ccc cc c c ccc ccccc c cc c c 2c cccc cc c cc c c(c c4 c c )c c c c c c c
c First find the modifying phrase: look for a descriptive group of words set off by a comma or commas. 5 c c c c cc c cc½n arriving at the train stationc c c c c c c ccc ccc?cc c cccc?cccc,cc cc ccc/c3ccc :c' c c cc
c cc c chis friendsccc c32c c cc cc3c c, cc3cc ccc c cc cc cc c c2c c c cc3c cc ccccc c cccccccc cc c c c½n arriving at the train stationcc ccJayc/c c cc c cc cc c Incorrect: ½n arriving at the train station, ?
" and took him immediately to his speaking engagement in Springfield.c Correct:c½n arriving at the train station, "3
? , who immediately took him to his speaking engagement in Springfield.c ! c c2c ccc c cc canyc c cc ccc c c c3c c c cc cc ccas close as possiblecc c ?c c c
c Descriptive phrases are not always set off by commas.c cc c cc c c( cc)c c c( cc )c c c ccc cc cc c ccc c c c2 cccc c c c c1cc c c c
0ounds Funny:cJoan's father, ? meat to vegetables, made a breakfast of eggs and bacon every morning. c Ñetter: Joan's father, 3 ? meat to vegetables, made a breakfast of eggs and bacon every morning. c 0ounds Funny:c-our tea kettle, a leak in the bottom, was thrown away last week.c Ñetter:c-our tea kettle, 3 a leak in the bottom, was thrown away last week.c ¦ c c c ccccccc cc cc c cc cc cc cc c(32c )c,cc cc cc cc ccc ( c c )ccc c cc ccc cc c
c
ccDon't forget!
c
x is the possessive of , and is the contraction of and.c cc citscc It'scccc c
c c
2-E. Modifiers: 0 G EA0Yc
u.cPreviously thought to have been extinct, a team of biologists rediscovered the New Caledonia crested gecko in 1994.c )cc cc c c c¦ c& c c cc"FF#c )cc cc cc"FF#c c c¦ c& c c c )cc"FF#c c¦ c& c c cc ccc cc c )cc"FF#cc cc c c c¦ c& c c c )c c¦ c& c c cc ccc cc cc"FF#c
cc Explanation: c c c c c cPreviously thought to have been extinctc cc c¦ c& c c cc c cc c cccccc c()c cc( )cc(')c c c cc c cc c c c cc c c c cc(&)cc(-)c c cccccc
c HADc 2. Erasmus's tomb lies inside the Basel Munster, located in Switzerland, an architectural monument which
having survived medieval earthquakes, and remains one of Switzerland's most well-known buildings to this day.c )c2cc c c c' c! c cc%8 cc c cc c c c cc )c2cc c c%8 2c' c! cc c cc c c cc )c%8 2c' c! cc cc cc c c c c 2cc )c c' c! cc%8 cc c ccc c c ccc cc cccc )c cccc c c c%8 2c' c! ccc c c c c c cc
cc Explanation:cc c c c cc
cc cc cc c( )c c c c(an architectural monument«)c c cSwitzerlandcccccc c c c cc
c cc c c c cc c c c cc c c4 cBasel Munsterc(&)c c cc c c c c cc c ccc c' c! c c4 cc c c cc2cc(-)c c c ccc c cccc c candcc c cc c cc()cc ccc c ccbeingcccccc c(')c c c cc c c cc c ccc c cc c c c
3. Parallelism: x
c Parallelismc A. Introductionc 'c1cc$ cc7
c&c &c1cc 4 cc c -c&c' c! c7c c% c. c c
"Parallelism" refers to sentences in which all items are described in the same format.c c cc c c cc ccc c
ccc c c cc 0c c cc cc 8 cc c cc c cc c c c2 c ccccc'ccc2cc cc
c cc cc c ! :c@c c c cc c c4 / c cc c cc c c c
cc ccc 8 c
c
ccHow to recognize a parallelism Parallelism is a rule of English grammar that demands consistency in a sentence's structurec c cc c c cc cc c c c cc c
c
c c cc c c cc% c c activities:crunning, biking, and hikingc places:c store, museum, and restaurantc ideas: how to read, how to write, and how to learnc descriptions: quickly, quietly, and happilyc ¦ c c c cc c c cactivitiesc
c cc<±ing0ccc c cc cccthecandcca0c cideasc
c cchow to0c c descriptions c
c ccIn each list, whatever grammatical form is applied to item is applied to items.c c c ! cc c
c
cc cc c c
7
c c c c cccc cc ccc
c cc
c c c c 2 cc 2 c
c cc 2 cvery clearlyc
cc c cc c ccccccc c c cc c ccc c ccccc cccc cc ccc c,c
cccc c cccc ccc c cc c ccc
c cc c c@c c c ccc cc c c ccc c c ccc cc cc cccc c c cc cccc c c c cc
c c& c c c3 cccc c c cccc cc c c c c c cc c cc cc3 cc cc c cc c cc cc
c c eatingcc
c runningcc to walk c
c c
c c
c
c cc c ccc c ccc cc ccc c5 2c c c c eatingcc runningcc
c c
walkingcc
c The of parallelism is easy to master - but # a parallelism question is more difficult.
c c
ccccccc
3-Ñ. Parallelism: ? o $ All elements in a list ± whether it's a list of nouns, of infinitives, of gerunds, of prepositional phrases, or of clauses - should be in similar form. "0imilar form" means that all of the items in the list must agree. c c c2
c c cc cc c cccc cc c ccc cc c cc c call threec cc c Patty ate macaroons, drank soda and was dancing the tango.c ccc cc c
c c c cc7c7
c cc
c cc7ccc c cc c ccc c
c cc7cc c c
c cc c cc cc cc c-c :c
c cc c c ccc c c c cc ccc cc c cc c c cc c c(ateccdrank)cc c cc c c(was dancing)c ' c c c c c ccc ccc c c c c c
ccc
c c c c c c cc c cwas dancingcc c cc cdancedcccc ccc c c c c cc c cateccdrankcc cc c c
c Incorrect: Patty macaroons, soda and 3 the tango.c Correct: Patty macaroons, soda and the tango.c Here's another example using a list of gerunds:c Incorrect: all business students should learn 3 , , and 3 computers.c Correct: all business students should learn 3 , , and .c
c cccc c ccc c c cc c c c cc c/ ccc +2
c c c cc cc c ! c c"to ___"c c(c cc cc ccccA)c ,c cc c c c c cccc cconlyc c cc cc c cc ceveryc cc c c@c c Correct: He likes swim, sail, and dance.c Correct: He likes swim, sail, and dance.c Incorrect: He likes swim, sail, and dance. c ccc c c
c cc cc cc c cc c 0c c c cctocswimc sailcc ccctocdancecc c c c 2 c
ccc
c
ccList of infinitives: ½ptionsc
c
To ______________, ______________, and ______________. To ______________, to ______________, and to ______________.c c c c cc c cccccccc c c c ccc c c(in, on, by, with)c c(the, a, an)c c c(had, has, would)cc c(his, her, our)c c c cc c c ccc cc cc c c cc c c c c c cc
c c
Here is a full list of possible parallel constructions, and examples of each:c
Nounsc c c c
Adjectivesc c c c
Nouns with Adjective Modifiers c
c c c
Verbsc c c cc
Participial Phrases cc c cc c
Adverbs c c
Adverbial Phrases cc c c
Infinitivesc cc ccc cc c orcc c cc c ccc c cc c
c 3-C. Parallelism: ? o $
ust like how verbs, adverbs or adjectives in a list must agree. Descriptive words are easy to replace with wordy phrases, and test writers will try to trip you up by including a verb or phrase among a list of adjectives or adverbs: ½n the morning of his fourth birthday, Johnny was giggly, energetic, and couldn't wait for the party to begin.c cc cc c c cccc c5 c c c c c cc 2c c c
c c cc cc cc4 c cc c cc cc c c2ccc4 c2cc 6c c cc4 c2c c c c c c c
cc cc c cc
c c c c c c ccouldn't waitcc c c cvery eagercEcc c cc4 c ,cc cc ctype c
cc ccc Incorrect: ½n the morning of his fourth birthday, Johnny was , and 3 for the party to begin.c Correct: ½n the morning of his fourth birthday, Johnny was , and for the party to begin.c
c
3-D. Parallelism: ? o $ 0ometimes, you'll come across sentences with multiple pronouns. In many cases, parallelism requires that the pronouns be identical.c Incorrect: 3exercise in addition to maintaining a healthy diet are likely to be in better health than 3 maintain a healthy diet but don't exercise.c Correct: 3exercise in addition to maintaining a healthy diet are likely to be in better health than
3 maintain a healthy diet but don't exercise. c c cc c ccthose whocc cccc c cc cc c c c ccc c ccc c c¦ ccc cc cc c c c cc 1cc c c c If one decides to break the law, they must be willing to take responsibility for any repercussions.c c cccc-c c:c
c
c , cc cconecccc ccc c c c c ccconec cc c ctheyc ccc c c c c cc ccyouc c 2c cc ccc c c c ! c cc c cc c cconeccyouc c c c cc c c c Incorrect: If decides to break the law, must be willing to take responsibility for any repercussions.c Correct:cIf decides to break the law, must be willing to take responsibility for any repercussions.c Correct:cIf decide to break the law, must be willing to take responsibility for any repercussions.c 'cc c c c cc Ñe consistent: use whichever pronoun you choose all the way through.c
c
ccFinal tips on recognizing a parallelism
c
Look for:c 1c & cc c ccc &cc cc c
3-E. Parallelism: 0 G EA0Yc
u.cSome of the many renovations set for Memorial Mield in the coming years include building additional seating, improving safety, and the construction of a new varsity athletics center.c ( )cc cccc cc c c (')cccc cc c c (&)cc c cccc cc c c (-)ccc cc c c ()ccc cc c c cc
cc c c c
c
c ccc cc c
c c cc cc c cc
c c c cc( )ccc
cthe constructionc cccbuilding additional seatingccimproving safetyc c c cc c ccconstructingcc ccc c c cbuildingccimprovingc c(')c cc c c c HADc 2. Richard is not only a terrific pianist, but also great at playing hockey. c a) Richard is not only a terrific pianist, but also great at playing hockey. b) Richard not only is a terrific pianist, but also is great at playing hockey. c) Not only great at playing hockey, Richard also is a terrific pianist. d) Richard is not only a terrific pianist, but also a great hockey player. e) also great at playing hockey, Richard is a terrific pianist.c c c c c c
cNot only«but alsoccc cc
c ccccc c cc cc c c cca terrific pianistc cccgreat at playing hockeyc cpianistcccccplaying hockeyccc ?c,c cca terrific pianistcca great hockey playerc c(-)c cccc c
cc
cc 3. The philosophical doctrine of Incompatibility posits an inherent irreconcilability among the doctrine of Determinism, in philosophy, which holds that each state of affairs is necessitated by the states of affairs that preceded it and the existence of free will.c A. among the doctrine of Determinism, in philosophy, which holds that each state of affairs is necessitated by the states of affairs that preceded it and the existence of free will Ñ. between the doctrine of Determinism, holding each state of affairs as necessitated by the states of affairs that preceded it, and the existence of free will
C. in the doctrine of Determinism, which in philosophy holds the idea that each state of affairs is necessitated by the states of affairs preceding, and free will's existence D. between the doctrine of Determinism, which holds that each state of affairs is necessitated by the states of affairs preceding it, and the existence of free will E. among the doctrine of Determinism, which holds that each state of affairs may be necessitated by the states of affairs preceding it, and free will existingc c c c c c
ccc c' c c/ ccc c c c c cc c c cc&cc cin philosophyc c ccc'cccc cc c c cc- cc cc holding ' ccwhich holdsc c'c cc cholds the ideacc- c& c c ccc
c(which holdsccexisting)c& c cccc&c c c cc c c cirreconcilabilityc c ctwocc cc22c( cc cc)cc cc 3cc 0cirreconcilabilityc2c( c&)cc cc
0cc c c irreconcilabilityc c& c-ccc cccc ccc c c c c cc-cc
4. Pronoun Agreement: x
c Pronoun Agreement c A. Introductionc 'c%4 cc 4 c &c,cc,c -c% cc7 c7c c7 c7cc @c 4 ccto bec c c* c7cc 5c% c. cc c
Pronouns stand in for nouns in a sentence.c, c ccc(!c c c c)c ccc( c c)c cccc ccc ccc ccc c c c cc c Number:c ccc c c c( )cc c( cc )cc ccc cc @c cMatt went to the store.c' c!cc c( c )c c cc c chec ccHe went to the storecccThey went to the storec cctheyc c c c cc cc c c ccc c c@c The students went to the storec c cc They went to the storec c cc cc c c Gender:cc cc c ccc cc c ccc cc@c cMatt went to the storec c c ccHe went to the storecccShe went to the storec c!cc c Case:c9 ccc c ccc c4 cc4 cc c cc c c c
c c4 cc c cc ccccc ccc c cMatt went to the storec!cc c ccc cMattcchecHe went to the storec c4 cc c cc cc c cc c c cThe ball struck Matt in the armccc c!cc c c cc c c c4 cc()cThe ball struck him in the arm.c cc ' cc
c c c c ccccccc c cccccc The first step in tackling a pronoun question is to locate and identify the pronouns in the sentence.c
c
0imple Pronouns c %4 c
4 c
Possessivesc cc 4 c
cc 7c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
2c
2c c
cc
4-Ñ. Pronoun Agreement: 0 ½ ½nce you've found a pronoun in a 0entence Correction question, check whether it's acting as the 0UÑECT or the ½ÑECT of the sentence or phrase. Is the following sentence correct or incorrect? How could she blame you and he for the accident?c cc ccc c c()c c c ccc c ccc c
c ¦ ccc c c ccccccsubjectccobjectc5 cshecc c4 cc c cyoucchec ccc c4 cc c c
c 5cc cc:c' csheccc cc( )ccyoucchec c cc( c )c5 chec cc cc cc c cc* cc ccc c c cc c c c cc c c,cc c :ccchimcchec(,cc c :c% c chim)c
c 'cccc4 cc cc c4 c 0cc cc cc chimcc 4 cEc che,c cc cc cc4 cc c c Incorrect: How could she blame you and for the accident?c Correct: How could she blame you and for the accident?c
Let's look at another example:c Incorrect:c was better suited for the job.c Correct: 0 was better suited for the job.c 5 c ccc c4 cc c ccthe jobcc cc c4 cc c cc c cc c c' c ccccc cc( c)c cc c c csubjectccc c ? ccc cc cc c c Now let's look at a case that often causes confusion:c John and me drank a bottle of wine.c ' c2c cc cc c ccc c cc
c c ccc c c c cc ?cc c c'c2c
c c cc c cc c cc cc cccc cc c c cc ?c c c cc
c
! ccc cc cc c / cc c ccc cc Incorrect:cJohn and drank a bottle of wine.c Correct: John and x drank a bottle of wine.c Let's try it again on the following sentence:c The dinner was eaten by John and I.c Perform the test:c The dinner was eaten by John and I. V or The dinner was eaten by John and me. Vc c c cc
c c(? cccc c4 )cc c ccc c c cccc cc cccc c cc c 8 c c 4 ?4 cccc Incorrect:cThe dinner was eaten by John and x .c Correct: The dinner was eaten by John and .c
4-C. Pronoun Agreement: 2If the pronoun is acting as a subject, use 3. If it is acting as an object, use 3. c I don't know 3 Kate married.c ,ccc :c' c9 cc c4 ccc c
cc cccc c c c took out the trash.c
+c 2ccccc ccc ccc c c ccc ccc c c cccc4 ccwhocc c
4-D. Pronoun Agreement: 0 oo Pronouns also act like nouns in the realm of verb agreement. For some pronoun questions, you also need to check if the pronoun and its verb agree in number.
cc c
cc
All of the following pronouns are :c cc c c c
c These are %c cc c c
c c c c c
c
c c c c
c c
c
c
& c cc c Incorrect:cEveryone on the project to come to the meeting.c Correct: Everyone on the project to come to the meeting.c * cc cc c2
c cc cceveryonecc cc cc c c cc
chascc cchavec Incorrect:cNeither his bodyguards nor he 33 there. (was c 6)c Correct: Neither he nor his bodyguards 3 there.c c ccc c ccc c cc ccc cc c c c ccc c cccc cc c c(c cceitherccneitherc c
cccc
cc4)cwerecc cc cc c checc ccc cc c ccbodyguardscc c0ccwerecc cc c c c c c cc c4 cc ccc c ccbodyguardscc cc c cc
4-E. Pronoun Agreement: o o
, cc cc ccccyoursctheirschiscchersc cc c c c cc ccc c cMost possessive pronouns are used messily in spoken language, so be careful to take special note when you see two pronouns in a sentence. c Incorrect:cI brought my beer, and I'm glad to see that some of you brought .c Correct:cI brought my beer, and I'm glad to see that some of you brought . c cc c c ccc c cc c c cc cc
c% cc' c c cccyouc c ccc cyourscctheirsc Theirsc c c c cc c c cand I'm glad to see that some of them broughtc Incorrect:cIf anyone comes over to take your name, you take .c Correct: If anyone comes over to take your name, you take .c c4 ccanyoneccc ccc c cc cccchiscc herscc cc cc cc c cc c 0c ccchisc chersc c
c c4cctheirsc ccc c cc
c ccchiscchersc c c c
4-F. Pronoun Agreement: ½ ?to be Very simple: objects of verbs are in the subject form. ,ccc
cc c c cc c c cccc c c cccc c c c cc4 ccc c c ccc 0cc2c cc c Incorrect:cIt must have been who called.c Correct:cIt must have been who called.c cc c cccc c cc ccc cc4 ccsheccherc
4-G. Pronoun Agreement: ! o & and 3 are relative pronouns. A relative pronoun must refer to the word immediately preceding it. c c cc c cc c cccc cccc ^hichc c/ c 0cthatc c c ^hoc cc 0cthat ccccc c c c cc cc cc Incorrect:cJohn was met at the door by a strange man, which he, being afraid, opened slowly.c -c3c the man:c7 ccc cc cccc cc c c c4c c cc ccc c c
Correct:cJohn was met by a strange man at the door, which he opened slowly out of fear.c 2cc cc3cc ccc c c ! c cc cccc cccc ccc
c c c c c c cc c c ccYou may have heard that using "you" is less proper than using "one," but on the GMAT, all that matters is that the pronouns
c
c
ccA summary of how to recognize pronoun errors.
c
Look for:c %4 cc4 cc ,ccc 7c c * ccc c
cc
4-H. Pronoun Agreement: ! o EA0Yc
u. The choir sang passionately, as they moved through elaborate and challenging four-part harmonies.c )cc c cc cc
c/c c )cc c ccc cc
c/c c )cc cc cc
c/c c )ccc cc cc
c/c c
)cc cc
c/c c
Explanation:cc c cc c c cc( )cc c c cThe choircc cccc cccc c cccccccc c c4 cc cc cche choirc c c c cTheycc c(')c c theycc(&)c cthemselvesCcc cc c()c c c cc c cc cccc c cc cc c c c(-)c c ccitcc c c c c4 cthe choirc
HADc 2. Marston was an early seventeenth century dramatist and it is likely that him and Shakespeare borrowed ideas from one another.c )ccc cccc% c c cc c c )ccc cc c c cc c c )ccc cccc% c c cc c c )ccc cc cc% c c cc c c )ccc cc cc% c c cc c c Explanation: c c cc c cchimcc c c c c Marstoncccc cc c cc c4 c c cc c cc c4 c c c!cc c4 cc c c c()cc c c4 cchecc c (')ccc cctheycc4 cc cc cc% cc c cc ccc
5. Verb Time 0equences: x
c Verb Time 0equencesc A. Introductionc 'c$ c cc &c!c -c$ c c% c. cc c
c ! c c cc ccc c c ccc c ! cHere is a detailed primer on tense:c A. Timec c
cc cccc 2c c c3 c cc cc c cc c ccc cc c cc cpastc cpresentcc cfuturec u. Presentc
$ cc cpresent tensec cccccc c 3cc c c c c 7 c c cc c cc cc cccc ccc I happy right now.c 5 c c c c camc c c ccc c ccccc c cc c I a happy person.c cc c c c c camc ccc c c ccgenerallyccc cccc cc cc ccc c I Greek for two hours every day.c 5 c c c c cstudyc cc cc c c c ccc cc 7 c c c c ccc c c( )ccc c ccccc ccc c ccc c c c cwalkcc c cto walkc c c ctalkcc c cto talkcc c c ceatcc c to eatcc
c 2. Pastc $ cc cpast tensec ccccc cc ccccc cccc c c cc -esterday, I 3 to the store.c 5 c cc c cwalkedc ccccc c cccc c c 7c c c c
c cccc±ed c c c(c c )ccc c c c ctalkc ctalkedcwalkc cwalked and balkc cbalkedc( c ccc c ccc c cc cc c c0ccc c cc cc ccc cc )c
c 3. Futurec $ cc cfuture tensec cccc c cc c cccc cc? c c c cc Tomorrow, I 3 dinner with friends.c 5 c c c c cwill eat ccccwillcccc cc @ c c c c
c cccwillccshallcc c c(c c )ccc c cc ctalkc cwill talkccshall talkcwalkc cwill walk shall walkceatc will eat shall eatc
cc
Ñ. Aspectc cccc 2c cc c ccc c cc c c c cccc cc c c c c 2c ccc cc c c c c cc c:cccc cc cc ccc
c :cc
cc cc cc cc c cc c c :cc cc c cc ccc :cc cc c(c c )cccperfectcprogressiveccperfect progressivecc "c cperfectcc ccccc c Past Perfectcc cc c cc ccc cc cc c c cc c cc cc ccchadcc cc ccc c cc
c cc -edc By the time Michael arrived, the party c Present Perfect c cc c cc cc c cc cc c c cc cccwasccwerecc cc ccc
c c ±edcc I the game.c Future Perfect c cc c cc cc
c cc ccc c c c c ccc c c cc cccwill havecc cc ccc
c cc±edcc Michael is always late. By the time he arrives tonight, the party 3 c
c cprogressivecc cccccc Past Progressivecc cc cc cccccc cc c ccc c cc cc cccwasccwerecc ccc c cc cc±ingcc ^e 3 basketball when the car smashed through the gate.c Present Progressivecc cc cc ccccc c cc c c c cc c c c cc cccamcisccarecc ccc c cc cc±ingc ^e dinner right now.c Future Progressivecc cc cc cccc
ccc c cc
c cc ccc c cc c c c cc cccwill beccshall becc c cc c cc cc±ingc Mor the next several months, Michelle 3 through Europe.c ;c cperfect progressivecc ccccccc
c c cc c c c I
c cc
5-Ñ. Verb Time 0equences:
c Verb tenses exist in order to allow us to specify 3 some event occurred
c :ccc ccc
cc cc c :c ' ccc c c c ! c c c c c cc c c ccc c c c c c(c )c c c ccc cc 5 2cc ccc c c c c ccc c Incorrect:cafter he had finished his performance, he 3 to the party.c Correct: after he had finished his performance, he 3 to the party. c ,cc c c c :c' c c cc cc
c c'c cEc c cc ccEc cc ccc c c ccc cc ccc c c cc cc chad finishedccc cc cc c c ccc cwentcc cc c c c cc c c concecc ccccc / cc cccEc c 2c cc c 5 2c c c If the cyclist wins the race, it will be representing an extraordinary comeback from his earlier cancer.c c c cc cc c 2c ccccc cc c
c cc cc c cc c c cc cc c ccif...then...cc ccc c cc c c c cc c c c c cc c ccc c
c concecc c cc c c
c cc 2c cc
c ckeep happening.c5 c c c c ccc c ccc c c c Incorrect:cIf the cyclist wins the race, it 3 an extraordinary comeback from his earlier cancer.c Correct: If the cyclist wins the race, it 3 an extraordinary comeback from his earlier cancer.c ,cc c c c :c' cc c cc c cccc c c c cccrepresent his comebackc c
c c c c c c ccc c cc c c cc c ccc c cc ccc cc c c c cc ccc ccc c c c c cprior toc c cccafterc c c0ccat the same timecc c c c c c9 ccccccc c c cc c c c c c c,c cc :c,c c c
:c cc c cc c c cc c3 c c cc cc
c cccwhat verb formc cc c c c2 c cc ccc cc c cc
ccccc c/c2c cccc cc
c c
ccTips for recognizing verb tense errors:c
c
u. Watch for ±ing forms.
c<cc c cc4c cc c ! 0cc
c c c cc c c cc c cc c cc c c 2. Watch for time sequences. ' c cc c cc c cc c cc c cc c(c )cc ccc c7c c cc c cc c cc c c cc c cc c c c c
c
5-C. Verb Time 0equences: ÷
c c! c c!c c c ccc ccc c ccc cc c c ccc c ccc5 c c ccc cc 3 c
c c c cc cc c c cc c c c cccIndicative, Imperative, and 0ubjunctive.c u.Indicative Moodc cccccc ccc c cccc cc c c
cc Harry spends all of his money on comic books.c Cc c any statement related to a claim of fact is in the indicative mood.c!ccc cccc c5c
c c
ccc ccc0c
cc ccc c c ccc cccc ccc How does Harry spend all of his money?c c c cc ccHarry spends all of his money on«c cc cc c cccc cc c c c cc c c c c cc c 2. Imperative Moodc ccc cccc Spend all of your money on comic books!cc Paul, please try to spend your money on something worthwhile.c Stop spending all of your money, boy.c c c c
cc ccc c cc
cc c cc c cc c c c cc cc c c c c c cc c cc cccc c c
c 8 cc c( cccccc cc)c 3. The 0ubjunctive Moodcc c cc c c Cc cc c cc c cc ccccc cccc a ccc ccccc cccGod help himcbe that as it mac come what mayccsuffice it to saycc cccc c cc cccc c cc c ^e demand that Paul stop spending all of his money on comic books. It is necessary that Paul stop this behavior.c Ñ cc c
c c c4 c cwerecc c c4 cc cccc c cc cc c ccc c cccc c cc c cc
If Paul were not spending all of his money, he would not be happy. I wish Paul were not spending his money so recklessly.c c These constructions might ring a bit funny and archaic to the ear, but, when used properly, express subtleties of situation and condition that can sometimes be lost when the indicative is used.c
5-D. Verb Time 0equences:
Transitive verbs possess a voice that describes the relationship between the subject and the action
of the verb.c $ cc cactive voicec c ccc ccc c4 c cc c ccccc c ccc c4 cc c c ccc cc c c c andy throws the baton.c The octogenarian plays the harpcc c cc cE cc c cE c c4 cc c cc cc cE ccc cE c c4 c ccc cc cpassive voicec c c4 ccc cc c c4 c c ccc ccc c c ccccc cc c c cc The baton was thrown (by andy)c The harp was played (by the octogenarian). c egular use of the passive voice without a specific contextual cause is awkward, wordy, and unnecessarily, well, passive.c
5-E. Verb Time 0equences: 0 G u. £alerie recalls her college years with such nostalgia that she often lost herself in reminiscence.c A. c c c cc cc Ñ.c c cc c cc cc C. c c c cc c D.c c c
c c c cc c E.c c c
c c c cc cc
c £alerie recalls her college years with such nostalgia that she often lost herself in reminiscence.c
c c c verb tense recallsc ccccc c cc$ 2c
c cc cc cc c c ccc c c cc c( c )c
c A. c c c cc cc Proper tense?cN½c()cc Ñ.c c cc c cc cc Proper tense?cN½c(/ )cc C. c c c cc c Proper tense?cYE0c( )cc D.c c c
c c c cc c Proper tense?cN½c( )cc E.c c c
c c c cc cc Proper tense?cN½c( c )cc (&)cc c c cc c c c c c cc cccc c c c/ ccc c cc
c 2. Before it will be made available to the public, the painting was sold to a private collector and is currently on hold at the auction house awaiting pick-up.c A. ' cc
c c c cc c cc Ñ.c' ccc c c cc c cc C. ' cc c c c c cc c c D.c' ccc c c cc c c E.c' ccc c cc c cc
c Before it will be made available to the public, the painting was sold to a private collector and is currently on hold at the auction house awaiting pick-up.c
c c c verb tense c ccc c ccc cc c, c c ccc cc cc cc cc c c cc c c ccc ccc c
c c c cc ccc ccc, c cc c c c c The correct sequence of events is this: u) % ccc c
2)c5
c c c c cc c c 3)c c ccc c
c A. ' cc
c c c cc c cc Proper tense? N½ ( c )cc Ñ.c' ccc c c cc c cc Proper tense? N½ ( )cc C. ' cc c c c c cc c c Proper tense? YE0 (c )cc D.c' ccc c c cc c c Proper tense? N½ ()cc E.c' ccc c cc c cc Proper tense? N½ ()cc (&)cc c c cc c c c cc ccc ccc cccc c c cc c c ccc c cc( cc c)cc c 3. In 79 CE, when £esuvius erupted, the £illa of the Papyri was being covered in 90 feet of volcanic ash, and was preserved as the sole library of antiquity.c A. c c ccFDc cc cccc cc Ñ.cc ccFDc cc cccc cc C. c ccFDc cc cccc c c D.cc c ccFDc cc cccc c E.cc ccFDc cc cccc cc
c In 79 CE, when £esuvius erupted, the £illa of the Papyri was being covered in 90 feet of volcanic ash, and was preserved as the sole library of antiquity.c
c c c verb tense c cc c c ccccwhen £esuvius eruptedcc cc c cc c cccc
ccc cc c cc c c% c c c cc cc c cc c c
c cc cc ccc
c
c A. c c ccFDc cc cccc cc Proper tense? N½ (c )cwas beingc cc c cc c cc c cc c cwas preservedc c cc c cc cc cccccc
Ñ.cc ccFDc cc cccwas preserved c Proper tense? YE0 ()c Additional errors? N½NEcc C. c ccFDc cc cccc c c Proper tense? YE0 ()c Additional errors? YE0 2had been preserved2c(c )cc D.cc c ccFDc cc cccc c Proper tense? N½ (/ c )cc Additional errors? YE0 is preservedc( )c E.cc ccFDc cc cccc cc Proper tense? N½ ( )cc (')c cc cc ccc
c 4. c ccc cc c c c c cc 0c cc cc c9/c c c cc c cc c& c cc cc c/cccc c cc A. c9/c cc cc c cc c& c cc ccc Ñ.c c9/c ccc cc c cc c& c cc ccc C. c9/c cccc c cc c& c cc cc D.c c9/c cc ccc c cc c& c cc cc E.c c9/c cccc c cc c& c cc ccc
c c ccc cc c c c c cc 0c cc cc c9/c c c cc c cc c& c cc cc c/cccc c c
c c c verb tense c cc c c
ccc chave beenc cc c' c c c chave beenc c c c c c cccc cc ccc cc c c cccc c cc c5 c c cc c c c cc ccccc c cc cc
c A. c9/c cc cc c cc c& c cc ccc Proper tense? YE0 ()cc Ñ.c c9/c ccc cc c cc c& c cc ccc Proper tense? N½ (/ c)c% c c c cc c c c9/c c c/
cc cc cc c c c cc c9/c c cc c c cc c c cc C. c9/c cccc c cc c& c cc cc Proper tense? N½ ( c/ )cc Additional errors: */6cc D.c c9/c cc ccc c cc c& c cc cc Proper tense? YE0 ()cc Additional errors: 6c c c c cccccc cc c cc c ccc cc-cc cc c c c ccc c ccccc
cc c E.c c9/c cccc c cc c& c cc ccc Proper tense? N½ ( c)cc A) uses the past tense throughout the description of the K-T extinction. It is the most clear, and therefore, the best choice. c
cc
6. Comparisons: x
c Comparisonsc A. Introductionc 'c&cc7
c &c& cc% c@c -c% c. cc c
You should only compare things that can be logically compared. Faulty or nonsensical comparisons account for a significant number of the errors in GMAT 0entence Correction questions. !cc c c ccc c c cyou can't compare apples to oranges.c+c c c c cc c cc ccc c ccc ccc c ccc c cc ccc c cccc c ! cccc c c cc c c
cc
c c@c cc2c
c cc c(3 )ccc c( )ccc c(c)cccc( c¦+7-)c+c cc c c cc c c c cc c cc ccc cc ½ften, a comparison will sound as though it's acceptable, but will be missing a few necessary words:c Incorrect:cThe view from this apartment is not nearly as spectacular as from that mountain lodge.c cc cc cc c c c c c cc c cc c cc c cc cc c'ccc c c c2
c cc c c
c c c cc c ccsomething c c cEcccc:c
c cc cc c c 3c c c c cc c2c c4 cc c c c cc cc cc c cccccc 2cccc c ! c+c cc c c c c
cccc ccc5 2c c c c
c c ccc cc/c c c/c cc c
c c c c c cccc ccc c cc c c c cc c c c()c cc c c()cc c cc Incorrect:cThe view from this apartment is not nearly as spectacular as from that mountain lodge.c Correct: The view from this apartment is not nearly as spectacular as the one from that mountain lodge.c Correct: The view from this apartment is not nearly as spectacular as the view from that mountain lodge. c 1 2c cc c c Shakespeare's plays are different from any other playwrights of his era because they exhibit an exceptional mastery of verse.c cc c ccccc
c c% 2cplayscc cplaywrightsc c c c c cc cc c cc c cc
c 5cc cc:c, cc c c c cc cc c ccc c c cc cc
c 1 c c c c ccc c c c c c cccc c cc c c
c% 2c c c c cc c 2cplaysc
c
ccYou should look out for key comparison words, such as:c
c
cc cc
c cc cc
c
cc c
c
&ccc cc c cc
c cc c cccc c c cperfectly clearcc c c c c c cc % cc c ccc ccmuch as, more than, less than, just like, as,c that ofc
6-Ñ. Comparisons: $ o Comparisons are a special case of parallelism.c c cc/ cc
ccc c c c cc
cc cc c Either X or -... Neither X nor -... Not only X but also -...c ñccYccccc cc ccccccc c ccc c c c c ccGcc+cc c c@c c c cEither drinking or to eat will do c c ccc cc
c ccccc c
c'c cc cc c cc c c 2c cc c cc cc c4 c
c
'c c ccc c±ingccccc cc
c c ccc cc ? ccccc cc cmustc cc c±ingcc Here's another example, using Neither/Nor:c Neither an interest in history nor to be adept in a foreign language is going to help you learn to sing.c c c cc c c c ccc ?cc c cc cc c c c
c cc cccc ccc cc2cc ccc cc c/ cc /c c 2 c ccc c c ccc c cccc cc cccc c c
c 'c c ccc c ccan interest inccan adeptness inccc c c cc c c ccc cc cc c ccc cc c c2c cc c( ?c ?)c c Incorrect:cNeither history nor in a foreign language is going to help you learn to sing.c Correct: Neither history nor in a foreign language is going to help you learn to sing.c cc
6-C. Comparisons: $ 0 0ome comparison words are just special forms of adjectives; instead of describing thing, they describe the between3 things.c@cc4 c c c
c c cccc cc c Comparative: c c cctwocc
c ccc±ercc c cc cchapp csoft cfast ctall c
c 0uperlative: c c ccmore than twocc
c ccc±estcc c cc cchappi csoft cfast ctall c
c 0pecial rules apply for irregular forms.c' ccc cc c4 cc c c c 0c c cc cccomparativeccsuperlativecÀc
good better / bestc
many more / mostc
bad worse / worstc
little little, lesser, less / leastc
much more / mostc
far farther, further / farthest, furthestc
c 6-D. Comparisons: 0 G EA0Yc
u. Even though he does not like crowds, John still likes New -ork City more than Sybil.c )c3c
c c¦ c+c&c cc% c )c¦ c+c&cc
c c cc% cc3c )c3cc
c c¦ c+c&c ccc% c )c3c
c c¦ c+c&c cc% c c )c¦ c+c&cc
c c cc3cc% c
c c c cc( )cc c c cc ccc3c c¦ c +c&cccc c c% c¦ cccc% c c¦ c+c&c(')cc()c cc ccc
cc cc(&)c cBc Cccc
c c(-)cc c c cc c3Cccc¦ c+c&cc% Cccc¦ c+c&cc
c c cc c c c HADc 2. In his work, George Santayana is more reminiscent of Plato's poetic narratives and Henry David Thoreau's obsessive detailing than Bertrand Russell¶s scientific precisions.c )cccc c%cc c cc )c c%c c c c )c c%c c c cc )c c%2ccc c cc )c c%Ccc c ccc
cc c c cc' c c c c c cc c ccc c c cc%2ccc c4 cc c cc%c c& c&cc c cc22cc c cc c cc'cc cc c cccccc ccc
cc c/ ccc c cc cc7 2c cc 2c c& c-c c c cc cc2 2cccc
c cc cc& ccc
cc c cc2 2cc c cc2 2ccc c c c c
7. Idioms: x
c Idiomsc A. Introductionc 'c1ccc &c% c. cc c
Idioms are not hard and fast rules of grammar.c c 2 c chabitsccpreferencescc c c cc c c c cc cc c cc ccc c cc cc c cccc c c ccc c
Look for these common tricks on GMAT questions:c
c c
c
Consider, regard... as, think of...as: cccasc cconsiderc ccregard cthink ofc c cas.cc %c cc ccc ? c c c c
c cTo be/beingc c c cc4c c cc
7. Idioms: ?x ccÑoldc cc c ccc c ! cc
A
cc
cc
The company has access to large capital reserves.c
cc c c cc
The poison pill in the contract acts as a preventative measure against hostile takeovers.
cc
The design of the robot arm allows for great flexibility.c
as...asc
Chocolate tastes as good as ice cream.c
cc
He associates beer with potato chips.c
cc
The poor first quarter results are attributed to the restructuring.c
c cc
The CE½ has a fiduciary responsibility to all shareholders.c
c cc
The recent Nasdaq decline is a result of higher interest rates.c
c cc
The Sumerian text was a sequence of incomprehensible symbols.c
cc
The Teamsters do not agree with the Republicans on many issues.c
amongc
c cc ccc He was the finest policeman among the hundreds of rookies.c
cc?c cc
The new software is as good as or better than anything on the market. c
c cc
The new house looks as great as I had hoped.c
cc( )cc
The emergency room doctor attended to the injured victim.c
cGcc+?Gcc
^e attribute the results to the new management.c
cc+c
The extinction of the dinosaurs has been attributed to an
He was acclaimed as a brilliant director. c
asteroid collision.c
c Ñ
cc
cc
The results are based on a comprehensive ten year study.c
cc
He will begin to study twelve hours before the test.c
cGcc c+c
after seeing the flying saucer, I believe UM½s to be a real phenomenonc
betweenc
c cccc(c c c ccc c camongc ) He could not decide between Corn Mlakes and Raisin Bran.c
c C
cc
cc
How much do business schools care about your score? c
ccHcc
The GMaT centers on the knowledge of basic math and writing/reading skills.c
cc
The number of students who choose to go to business school has increased in the last ten years.c
cc
-our grades are not consistent with your abysmal GMaT scores.c
cc
He contends that the GMaT has a cultural bias.c
cHcc
How important do you consider the test?c
cHcc
If you continue to study, you will succeed.c
c cc'c
If you contrast a with B, you can see the difference.c
cc
-ou may convert muscle to fat if you study too much. c
compare A to Ñc
Compare to c cThe music critic favorably compared him to Bob Dylan.c
compare A with Ñc
Compare with c cBroccoli is good for you compared with ice cream.c
ccHcc
He counts on management support.c
concerned withc
They are concerned with investor relations more than actual profitability.c
cc
^hen you work at a new company, you should try to conform to its corporate culture.c
c D
cc
cc
^e decided to continue.c
cc
^e decided on the new format.c
cc
The global economy depends on improving productivity.c
different fromc
The CaT is very different from the paper and pencil GMaT.c
cc
Many students find the CaT difficult to take.c
c cGc c+c
Distinguish between domestic and international production. c
cGcc+c
Juries must attempt to distinguish truth from falsehood. c
cc c
½ur place in the playoffs depends on whether we win tonight.c
c E
cc
c cHc ccHc c
Speed is essential to success in the Internet marketplace.c
cc
He did well on the GMaT, except for the sentence correction questions.c
c F
cc
cc
The convict fled from the country.c
c G
cc
cc
Dell Computer grew from a start-up to a Mortune 500 company in less than fifteen years.c
ccc
Needless to say, they quickly grew out of their first office.c
c H
cc
cHccHcc
Their direct business model helped them to grow rapidly. c
c I
cc
cc
Dell's recent stock trouble may indicate that their growth will not continue to be as rapid.c
cc
He is too risk-averse to invest in the stock market. c
cc
His DNa is identical with his twin's.c
in contrast toc
The candidate claims to support tax cuts, in contrast to his prior statements.c
cc
The Mederal Reserve Board is supposed to be independent from political considerations.c
cc
Some countries are indifferent towards human rights.c
c L
cc
cc
Rapid growth often leads to problems.c
c
c c cc ccHe walks like Joe walks.c
8 cc
Most Internet venture capital is localized in a few areas of the world.c
c M
cc
cHccHcc
I mistook you for an old friend.c
c c
The judicial building is modeled after the Parthenon.c
cc c
Companies demand MBa graduates now more than ever. c
c N
cc
cc
There is a unique business culture native to the U.S.c
c cc
It infects those who are not even a native of america. c
cc
iving in New -ork City is an experience everyone needs to try.c
c cHc cHcc
It is necessary to get a high GMaT score to get into Stanford.c
neither...norc
Neither Tom nor Sam has the necessary skills to finish the job. c
not only...but alsoc
Stanford not only has the highest GMaT average, but also the highest GPa.c
c P
cc
ccHc c
-ou are prohibited from using a calculator on test day.c
cc
a graduate of a top business school has the potential to make over $150,000.c
c
cc
ccGcc+c
The GMaT scores at top business schools will range from 650 to 750.c
cc
If you have any more questions, you should refer to a grammar book.c
cc
^harton's finance program is regarded as the finest in the world.c
cHccHcc
-ou require a GMaT score to go to most U.S. business schools.c
c cGcc+c
The rivalry between the Boston Red Sox and the New -ork -ankees is one of the most celebrated in professional sports.c
cc
The manager is responsible for seven entry level employees.c
cc
The tax policy change is retroactive to last year.c
c 0
cc
cc
Save for ^illiam, no one else passed the exam.c
cc
Many people use business school to save them from dull jobs.c
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