SENGGARAAN JANAKUASA

5/12/2018

SENGGARAAN JANAKUASA - slide pdf.c om

SENGGARAAN JANAKUASA Oleh RAIS

BIN MA¶AT

Institut Latihan dan Pembangunan Infrastruktur Ikram

12/31/2011 http://slide pdf.c om/re a de r/full/se ngga ra a n-ja na kua sa

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SENGGARAAN JANAKUASA Bahagian-Bahagian Yang perlu Disenggara:

 Injin Disel  Alternator  Bateri & Charger  Sistem Kawalan & Operasi  Sistem Perlindungan


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INJIN - SISTEM PELINCIRAN  Periksa paras minyak pelincir menggunakan dipstick, parasnya hendaklah berada diantara minima dan maksima, tambah jika kurang, gred minyak hendaklah betul dan sesuai  Tukar pelincir penapisnya sekali setiap 6 minyak bulan atau 250 jamdan mana yang terdahulu  Periksa minyak penguasa hidrolik (hydraulic governor oil), tambah jika kurang, tukar setiap 12 bulan atau 1500 jam  Pastikan tiada kebocoran pada minyak-minyak diatas 12/31/2011 http://slide pdf.c om/re a de r/full/se ngga ra a n-ja na kua sa

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INJIN - SISTEM BAHANAPI  Periksa paras bahan api (fuel) didalam tangki simpanan dan/atau tangki harian  Periksa dan pastikan fuel transfer pump beroperasi dengan baik  Periksa paip saluran bahanapi dan pastikan tiada kebocoran  Tukar fuel filter setaip 6 bulan atau 250 jam mana yang terdahulu 12/31/2011 http://slide pdf.c om/re a de r/full/se ngga ra a n-ja na kua sa

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SISTEM BAHANAPI  Tukar penapis udara setiap 6 bulan atau 250 jam mana yang terdahulu  Lakukan bleeding jika ada gelembong udara didalam sistem bahanapi dengan menggunakan bleeding pump yang lazimnya terdapat pada governor. Jika enjin berjalan tidak normal atau tiba-tiba berhenti adalah disyakki terdapat gelembong udara didalam sistem bahanapinya 12/31/2011 http://slide pdf.c om/re a de r/full/se ngga ra a n-ja na kua sa

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INJIN - SISTEM PENYEJUK  Periksa paras bendalir penyejuk (air), tambah jika airnya kurang  Periksa keadaan hos air dari sebarang keretakan dan kebocoran terutama semasa enjin panas  Tukar bendalir penyejuk jika terlalu kotor  Penggunaan coolant adalah disyorkan  Periksa dan bersihkan radiator  Periksa keadaan tali kipas, tegangkan jika kendur, tukar jika terdapat keretakan yang serius 12/31/2011 http://slide pdf.c om/re a de r/full/se ngga ra a n-ja na kua sa

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PENUNJUK ARAS AIR RADIATOR


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FUEL TANK  Drain water and sediment, water in the system could corrode internal part and cause system to mulfunction  Check fuel level in the tank, maintain three quarter full to minimize moisture accumulation, do not overfill because it expand when warm


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DAY TANK


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FUEL TANK  Open drain valve and allow water and sediment to drain into a container  Close drain valve and wipe up spill  Check all lines for leaks, loose clamps and fittings or hose


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MAGNETIC PICK-UP 

R emove

magnetic pick-up from the flywheel housing and check condition of magnet

 Clean contaminants (metal shaving and other debris) from the face of the magnet  Install magnetic pick-up into the flywheel housing by turning pick-up thread until magnet comes in contact with the flywheel ring gear tooth  Back out pick-up thread 180 plus minus 30 degrees to main clearance of 0.15mm. Tighten locknut


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BELTS AND HOSES  Inspect the condition and adjustment of fan belt and DC alternator belts and any other belts if any. 

broken or worn belt will cause performance problems, loose or worn pulley groove cause belt A

slippage and low accessory drive speed. If it is too loose, they vibrate enough to cause unnecessary wear on the belts and pulleys and possibly slip enough to cause overheating  If belts are too tight, unnecessary stresses are placed upon the pulley bearing and belts which might shorten the life of both. 12/31/2011 http://slide pdf.c om/re a de r/full/se ngga ra a n-ja na kua sa

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BELTS 

A

slipping or improperly adjusted belt can cause engine cooling or battery problems when your generator is needed



R eplace

belts if necessary. If the belt is in a set of more than one belt, replace the whole set so as to make it share the load in balance, otherwise the new belt will shoulder more load then the older ones


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ADJUSTMENT OF BELTS


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ADJUSTMENT OF BELTS  Check belts for proper adjustment and tension  Check new belt for adjustment after the first 30 minutes of operation  Press hard with finger thumb midway between driving and driven pulley, correctly adjusted belts will deflect 15 to 20mm


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ADJUSTMENT OF BELTS  Loosen locknut on the belt tightener rod. Turn adjustment nut until correct belt deflection is obtained  Tighten locknut adjustment

and

check

the

belt

 Install the belt guard if any


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HOSES AND CLAMPS Hose replacement prior to failure is a good preventive maintenance practice. R eplacing a hose before it fails reduces the chances for unscheduled downtime. By replacing a hose that is cracked, soft or leaking, major repairs will be avoided that could result in a severe engine overheating problem


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HOSES AND CLAMPS  Inspect all hoses for leaks due to cracking, softness and loose clamps. The best time to do this is when the engine is hot  Tighten loose clamps  R eplace soft or cracked hose  Fill clean cooling water into the cooling system


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BEFORE REPLACING HOSES  Loosen the cooling system filler cap slowly and remove the cap  Drain the coolant from the cooling system to the level below the hose being replaced  R emove the hose clamps, disconnect the old hose and replace the new one  Install hose clamps

12/31/2011

http://slide pdf.c om/re a de r/full/se ngga ra a n-ja na kua sa

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AFTER REPLACING HOSES 

Add



Add

coolant or water to the proper level

coolant additive (antirust agent) if necessary

 Install filler cap  Start the engine and inspect for cooling system leaks  Check water temperature gauge frequently for proper operating temperature 12/31/2011


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ALTERNATOR 

Alternator

tidak

memerlukan

banyak

senggaraan  Yang penting ialah kebersihan dan pengudaraannya supaya tidak berlaku flashover dan overheating

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BATERI  Periksa paras air bateri supayatambah beradaair diantara paras minima dan maksima, bateri jika kurang tetapi jangan melebehi tahap maksima kerana ia akan tumpah semasa charging akibat haba yang terhasil  Periksa ketumpatan bandingan elektrolid bateri menggunakan hydrometer dan pastikan bacaannya berada diantara 1.1 ke 1.25  Buka terminal bateri, bersihkan terminal bateri dan gosok dengan kertas pasir halus dan pasang semula dan pastikan betul-betul ketat 12/31/2011


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BATERI NICAL CADMIUM

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BATERI  Periksa keadaan cas bateri menggunakan battery tester/punch meter, pastikan ia berada pada full charge atau normal, jika bateri berada pada keadaan discharge tukar kepada yang baru  Periksa kebersihan am dan pengudaraan bilik bateri/bilik janakuasa

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BATTERY  Check electrolyte level in each battery cell except maintenance free battery 

R emove

fill cap and maintain level at the

maximum level line indicator  Use distilled water (deionised water) 

At

the proper charging rate in a moderate

climate, batteries should not require more than 30cc of water per cell per week 12/31/2011


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BATTERY  Keep batteries clean especially at the top  Loose and remove cable clamps from all battery terminals and clean it or sand paper it for better electrical contacts  A pplication of grease is not advisable as it will collect dust except if the environment is clean  Install and tighten clamps to battery terminals  Install the terminal post cover if necessary 12/31/2011


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CHECK/RECORD BATTERY CHARGER 

R ecord

charging amperage reading, if batteries are in full charge, ammeter reading should be very small (near to zero)

 Specific gravity should be corrected to close to 1.25  Battery temperature affect the cranking power, it is too cold it reaction will notwill crank if because chemical notthe takeengine place sufficiently and less power produced 12/31/2011


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CHECK BATTERY  When engine is not run for a long period of time or is run for short period, the batteries may not fully recharge. Ensure a full charge to help prevent the battery from spoilt

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PROCEDURES FOR BATTERY OR BATTERY CABLE REPLACEMENT  Turn OFF start switch and all electrical loads  First disconnect negative cable that goes to the the frame, start battery from battery side  Then disconnect the positive cable 

R eplace

battery or cables and reconnect back by connecting the negative cable first

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PAPAN AMF  Pastikan incoming dan outgoing breaker didalam kedudukan ON  Pastikan suis utama bekalan DC untuk litar kawalan pada kedudukan ON  Pastikan emergency switch direleasekan (keadaan close contact)

telah

 Pastikan selector switch kedudukan AUTO mode

pada

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PAPAN AMF

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PAPAN AMF, TIMER DAN RELAY

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PAPAN AMF  Pastikan suis kedudukan ON

battery

charger

pada

 Pastikan mentol-mentol lampu penunjuk semuanya menyala dan tidak ada yang terbakar  Pastikan geganti perlindungan tidak berada pada kedudukan trip  Pastikan timer didalam keadaan baik dan setting masanya betul 12/31/2011

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PAPAN AMF  Sekali sekala geganti (relay) dan timer hendaklah dikeluarkan dan dimasukkan semula untuk mengesan berlakunya pengaratan kakinya  Bersihkan

atau

kerosakan

terminal-terminal

pada

kaki-

wayer

dan

ketatkan semula sekeru pengikat wayerwayer tersebut 12/31/2011

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SISTEM PEMBUMIAN  Periksa kabel bumi dan tape tembaga pembumian masih baik, ketatkan sambungan dan penamatan, jika perlu penyambungan / tamatan hendaklah dibuat semula supaya rintangannya baik  Buat ujian rintangan elektrod bumi untuk memastikan rintangan bumi sentiasa berada pada nilai yang rendah (< 1 ohm)

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KABEL KELUARAN  Ketatkan ikatan pada penamatan kabel pada terminal box alternator, gegaran injin janakuasa lama kelamaan akan menyebabkan nut menjadi longgar atau dan boleh menyebabkan hot spot, sparking kebakaran

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TEST RUN WITHOUT LOAD  Tukar kedudukan selector switch pada kedudukan TEST dan pastikan janakuasa boleh hidup selepas beberapa saat (3 saat)  Jalankan janakuasa tanpa beban untuk selama 15 hingga 30 minit atau sehingga janakuasa mencapai suhu operasinya  Tentukan semuanya dalam keadaan normal

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TEST RUN ON LOAD  Tukar selector switch pada kedudukan AUTO  Tutup bekalan yang memasuki changeover-contactor (C.O.C)  Pastikan janakuasa boleh hidup dan C.O.C boleh bertukar kepada bekalan janakuasa dan janakuasa boleh mengambil beban penting dengan lancar 12/31/2011

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TEST RUN ON LOAD  Setelah kira-kira lebih 30 minit, sambung semula bekalan TNB yang telah diputuskan kepada C.O.C tadi  Pastikan C.O.C beralih kepada kedudukan asal atau bekalan normal selepas beberapa saat (lazimnya 10 saat)  Pastikan janakuasa akan berhenti selepas beberapa minit (lazimnya 5 minit) 12/31/2011

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BILIK JANAKUASA  Bersihkan bilik janakuasa dari habok, pasir, sawang, sampah, daun, tumpahan minyak dsb.  Pastikan sistem peredaran udara untuk bilik janakuasa dalam keadaan baik, tidak tersekat, terhalang atau tersumbat  Pastikan bilik janakuasa tidak ada air mengelakkan bertakung, basah atau kulat lembab(fungus) untuk terbentuknya dan mencegah pengaratan 12/31/2011

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BILIK JANAKUASA  Jika perlu pasang alat pemanas untuk mengujudkan keadaan kering didalam bilik janakuasa  Pastikan alat soket pemadam api,kipas tikarpelawas getah, lampu-lampu, 13A dan didalam keadaan baik  Pastikan mosquito net dalam keadaan baik  Lakukan pemeriksaan pengelihatan untuk mengesan perkara-perkara tidak normal 12/31/2011

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BUKU LOG  Setiap apa kerja senggaraan atau pemeriksaan hendaklah dicatatkan didalam buku log janakuasa tersebut sebagai rekod  Ini penting untuk mengetahui masaalah dan membuat anggaran kos senggaraan dan tindakan yang perlu diambil dimasa akan datang

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SENGGARAAN JANAKUASA

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