Biology Project: Experiment Report ZIS Vannara Lim 12643 10A (Group 2) Seed Germination December 8th, 2015
Name:
Date:
Ms. Marilou Lazar
Title: SEED GERMINATION INTRODUCTION In this unit, we have learned the coordination and responses of both human and plants-mainly human. Generally, when there is a change in the outer environment, also known as a stimuli, living organisms all respond to it. Most of these responsiveness are very useful, it aids these organisms to survive in harsh environments. Our experiment, which is titled “Seed Germination” will focus mainly on how shoots respond to lighting stimuli. We all know that all plants require: water, carbon dioxide, as well as sunlight as a source of adenosine triphosphate energy (ATP energy) to power chlorophylls and allow photosynthesis to take place. However, in some conditions where plants are located in a location where it is not provided with sufficient sunlight, it will grow and adapt by growing its stem or branches until it gets in the right position to receive the right and sufficient amount of sunlight needed. This response is also known as “phototropism”. In this experiment, we will test these theories using two types of plants to do seed germination-those are: green beans, and corns. Although we may not grow the plants to its’ full potential where it becomes an adult plant to produce fruits or seeds, we will record and test out the first four days of their growth.
HYPOTHESIS If the seedlings does not receive enough sunlight less than it has anticipated, it will grow its’ organs longer and broader to foresee the limitations and obstacles in it’s way.
MATERIALS In order to complete this project, you must have the following materials: o o o o o o
15 Green Beans 15 Corn Beans Neutral Water (Preferably 1 Litre) Cotton (1 big packet) 3 Transparent Cups (Preferably disposable) 2 Shoe boxes (No holes)
PROCEDURES Here are the step-by-step instructions of how to prepare your experiments and set ups: 1. Preparing your set ups. First, label all three cups. One cup should be “Set Up A”, another should be “Set up B”, and one for “Set up C” respectively
Second, stuff a thick layer of cotton in each cups. It should be about 4/10 the height of the cups. Third, drop 5 seeds of green beans and 5 seeds of corn beans in each cups or set ups. After doing so, stuff another layer of cotton over the beans in all set ups. It should be thinner than the base cotton layer but it should be quite thick as well (1/2 the height of base cotton layer). Fifth, we are going to make usage of the shoe boxes. Start by cutting a square through the cover of the shoe box. The hole should not be too small, about 70% of sunlight should pass into the set up. Then place set up “A” in the shoe box in a vertical standing position (refer to diagram below). This is your set up “A”. After that, place set up “C” cup into the other shoe box in the same way like the set up “A” (placing the cup set up in a vertical standing box position) , but the shoe box should have no openings. This is your set up “C”. Set up “B” is left out exposed to the sun. Bo x Set up cups Hole Set up “B” (Cup exposed) Set up “C” (Cup kept in closed box)
Set up “A” (Cup in a holed box) 2. When finished preparing all the set ups. Leave all the three set ups in a warm place for four days recording all changes each day. For all set ups, make sure to record the highest growth and the most organs grown for each type of seeds in each set ups. 3. At the end of the day four, collect all the set ups to analyze with your teacher and your group mates.
RESULTS Our result is presented in both tables and graphs. For the first part, we will show case 2 tables displaying results form set up “A” and set up “B” respectively.
Height of Seedlings Day Typ e of Bea n
Day Day Day Day
1 2 3 4
Set Up “A”
Set Up “B”
Set Up “C”
Green Beans
Corn Beans
Green Beans
Corn Beans
Green Beans
Corn Beans
9mm 20mm 45mm 51mm
12mm 15mm 18mm 20mm
13mm 16mm 20mm 25mm
13mm 14mm 15mm 18mm
15mm 18mm 22mm 27mm
13mm 14mm 17mm 20mm
Number of Sprouted Seeds
Day Typ e of Bea n
Day Day Day Day
1 2 3 4
Set Up “A”
Set Up “B”
Set Up “C”
Green Beans
Corn Beans
Green Beans
Corn Beans
Green Beans
Corn Beans
3 4 5 5
0 0 2 3
4 4 5 5
0 2 3 4
3 4 5 5
2 3 4 5
Height of Seeds in Set Up "A" 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Day 1
Day 2 Green Beans
Day 3 Column1
Day 4
Height of Seeds in Set Up "B" 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Day 1
Day 2 Green Beans
Day 3
Day 4
Corn Beans
Height of Seeds in Set Up "C" 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Day 1
Day 2 Green Beans
Day 3 Corn Beans
Day 4
Number of Seeds Sprouted in Set Up "A" 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Green Beans
Day 4
Corn Beans
Number of Seeds Sprouted in Set Up "B" 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Day 1
Day 2 Green Beans
Day 3 Corn Beans
Day 4
Number of Seeds Sprouted in Set Up "C" 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Day 1
Day 2 Green Beans
Day 3 Corn Beans
Day 4
CONCLUSION In conclusion, with the results we have retrieved, we can conclude that plants does really respond to phototropism which means it will grow adapting towards sunlight. From the data, seedlings in set up “A” grows more than seedlings in set up “B”, this positively reflects back to our hypothesis which states about the responsiveness of plants to phototropism. According to our testing, we observe that set up “C” performs more growth compared to set up “B”; where set up “A” grows the highest. This result may not be a good proof for our hypothesis since it does not show a strong excel in growth for set up “C”. However, if we move down to the second result table (Number of seeds growth), set up “C” performs the best. While in day 4the final day, only 9 seeds from set up “A” grew organs. In set up “B”, there are 9 seeds which grow organs. In set up “C”, there are 10 seeds which grew organs; this obviously shows the best growth performance in set up “C”. Therefore, we can conclude that our hypothesis is true and valuable. Our independent variable is the amount of sunlight, the dependent variable is the height of the seedlings and the number of seeds sprouted; our control group is the amount of water fed, the number of seeds used in each set ups, as well as the concentration of carbon dioxide. However, for exact studies; there are factors that must be considered are: the rate of photosynthesis of seedlings and the exact measurement of water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight intensity used so more exact and proper results can be produced.
