Running head: FINAL LAB REPORT
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Final Lab Report Nathan A. Saiz SI !"#$ AN1%"#& Pro'e((or T) &o''*an +ar,h 1- !"1%
Running head: FINAL LAB REPORT
! Abstract
The /ualit) o' our 0ater i( an in,rea(ing ,on,ern 0ith the earth( e2ploding population. Fro* oil (pill( to illegal 0a(te ,onta*ination in the 0ater a3ailable 'or drin4ing i( ri(ing a( 0ell a( it( /ualit) leading to gro0ing ,on,ern( o3er o 3er 0ater (hortage( and 0ater5borne illne((e(. The(e e2peri*ent( 0ere per'or*ed to under(tand a6 the ea(e or la,4 thereo' tr)ing to 'ilter and ,lean ground0ater. A( 0ell a( the u(e o' a 'ilter to help re*o3e ba,teria and other ,onta*inant( 'ro* the 0ater and be able to ,ontrol the i*puritie( ,ontained 0ithin 'au,et and *an) di''erent t)pe( o' bottled 0ater( on the *ar4et being u(ed till thi( da). 7inegar 7inegar oil and li/uid laundr) detergent had been ,o*bined 0ith 1"" *illiliter( o' 0ater 0ere then (trained 0ith ,hee(e,loth that 0a( la)ered 0ith (oil to e2a*ine the e''e,t( o' re(idue( 'ound in (oil a( 0ell a( drin4ing 0ater 'or the pri*ar) e2peri*ent and re(ult( had been di(,o3ered that (upport a ,on,lu(ion that an) ,onta*inant being introdu,ed in our drin4ing 0ater that ,an (till ha3e re*nant(. For e2peri*ent nu*ber t0o a 'ilter 0a( built out o' the (and a,ti3ated ,har,oal and a la)er o' gra3el pla,ed into the 'unnel that ha( the ,hee(e,loth then the tap 0ater that had been poured on top o' the (oil pa((ed 'iltered through it and then the addition o' blea,h ,he*i,al to the re(t o' the li/uid in order to (terilize it. The re(ult( o' thi( e2peri*ent appeared to (ho0 that u(ing a 'iltration and puri'i,ation allo0ed tainted 0ater to be ,leaned and rendered (a'e 'or drin4ing. The third e2peri*ent ,on(i(ted o' the e2a*ination o' ground0ater and t0o di''erent t)pe( o' pre5pa,4aged 0ater( to 'ind the 3ariou( ,onta*inant( it *a) ha3e and appeared to (ho0 that 'iltered 0ater i( the be(t a( 0ell a( the re(ult that not all o' the(e pre5 pa,4aged 'iltered bottle( o' 0ater( are ,on(idered e/uall) de,onta*inated. Final Lab Report
Running head: FINAL LAB REPORT
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9ater 9a ter /ualit) and pollution i( an e((ential i((ue needing the (tud) 'or the ad3antage o' *an4ind. B) S;S 9a 9ater ter S,ien,e S,hool S,hoo l in a 'e0 li3ing being( up to ?"@ o' their bod) 0eight originate( 'ro* the 0ater. p to %"@ o' the hu*an gro0n5up bod) i( 0ater=
For the prin,ipal in3e(tigation the (pe,ulation 0a( that an6 oil 0ould not reall) taint the 0ater a( oil and 0ater dont blend b6 3inegar 0ould (ull) the 0ater (in,e 3inegar di''u(e( all through 0ater pro*pting (igni'i,ant 'iltration being e2pe,ted to uproot it and ,6 ,lothing ,lean(er i( additionall) a ,he*i,al that brea4( up all through 0ater pro*pting real *ediation to e3a,uate it. In the (e,ond in3e(tigation the (pe,ulation (pe,u lation 0a( that detergent 0ould not be a po0er'ul 'iltration (trateg) (trateg) a( it de(ert( it(el' in the 0ater a( a ta(te or (*ell and in addition being (taggeringl) har(h. Alu* i( a ,o*pound 'lo,,ulant i*pl)ing that it tie( parti,le( o' (olid( into
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pie,e (tru,ture e2pelling it 'ro* 'ree5(4i**ing 'ree5(4i**ing through the 0ater that i( being dealt 0ith. Ro,4 in huge (u*( ,an be an ade/uate *ethod 'or 'iltration. Sand i( adroit at ,at,hing (trong parti,le( in it(el'. har,oal i( li4e0i(e a (ati('a,tor) (trateg) 'or 'iltration a( it trap( parti,le( in thi( 0a) e2pelling the* 'ro* the 0ater. The(e la)ered into a 'iltration 'ra*e0or4 0ith blea,h to ,o*plete the purging pro,edure then again ought to be (u''i,ient to di(in'e,t the 0ater to be o4 to drin4 in a ,ri(i( For the third e2a*ination the (pe,ulation 0a( that the Da(ani 'iltered 0ater *a) ,ontain a *ini*al *ea(ure o' ,onta*inant( a( it 0a( a (eparated 0ater. The The 'au,et 0ater 0ould ,ontain the *o(t *ea(ure o' ,onta*inant( a( it 0a( 0ater out o' an un'iltered 'ra*e0or4 and there *ight po((ibl) ha3e been *etal( and ,onta*inant( in the ,hannel(.
Experiment One
The *aterial( re/uired 'or e2a*ination one 0ere: eight !" *illiliter( *ea(uring uten(il !-" *L o' (oil ten *illiliter( o' 3egetable oil 3inegar and 'luid ,lothing ,lean(er a 1"" *illiliter re,epta,le a pipe a ,hee(e,loth 0ater and (,i((or( and in addition an indelible *ar4er to nu*ber ea,h !" *illiliter ,ontainer 0ith and 8 0ooden *i2 (ti,4(. In thi( anal)(i( to begin 0e nu*bered one through eight ea,h !"5*illiliter *ea(uring uten(il then 'illed re,epta,le( one o ne through 'our 0ith 1"" *illiliter( o' 0ater. Ta4ing Ta4ing a'ter thi( (tride 0e re,orded per,eption( o' *ea(uring uten(il one( 0ater pa)ing ,on(ideration on (hading and (*ell. At that point 0e in,luded ten *illiliter( o' oil 3inegar and ,lothing ,lean(er to *ea(uring uten(il( t0o through 'our re,ording per,eption(. Follo0ing the(e (tride( 0e ,ut the bit o' ,hee(e, loth into 'i3e pie,e( (paring one pie,e 'or anal)(i( t0o then ,ollap(ed e3er) bit o' ,hee(e,loth until it 0a( 'our la)er( thi,4 and ,oated
Running head: FINAL LAB REPORT
the pipe 0ith it. In thi( *anner 0e apportioned (i2t) *illiliter( o' (oil and pla,e it into the p ipe. Re3i3ing thi( rough ,hannel e3er) ti*e 0e e*ptied re,epta,le( one through 'our into *ea(uring uten(il( 'i3e through eight 'or one *o*ent e3er) re,ording per,eption( 'or e3er) e2,hange.
Table 1: 9ater Ob(er3ation(
Ob(er3ation(
The 0ater ,lear 0ith no odor
The oil 'loated to top ,loud) no odor
The 0ater (*elled li4e 3inegar 0ith (o*e ,loudine((
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Bubble( 'ro* the laundr) detergent had 'or*ed and re*ained at the top. &ad (trong odor
The The 0ate 0aterr i( bro0 bro0ni ni(h (h 0ith 0ith a light dirt) (*ell
The The 0ate 0aterr 0a( bro0n bro0ni( i(h h 0ith 0ith (o*e (oil at the botto* 0ith a little oil
The The 0ate 0aterr 0a( 0a( a litt little le bro0 bro0n n 3inegar (*ell 0ith little parti,le( at the botto*
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The The 0ate 0aterr 0a( bro0n bro0ni( i(h h 0ith 0ith *ore parti,le( than % and # (till had a dirt) (*ell and 0a( ,loud)
Experiment Two Two
In te(t t0o the *aterial( re/uired 0ere 1"" *illiliter( o' 'ertilized (oil t0o !" *illiliter ,ontainer( t0o 1"" *illiliter *ea(uring uten(il( 'ort) *illiliter( o' (and t0ent) *illiliter( o' initiated ,har,oal (i2t) *illiliter( o' ro,4 ten gra*( o' alu* a pipe ,hee(e,loth d)e a (top0at,h and 0ater. Putting 1"" *illiliter( o' (oil into the !"5*illiliter *ea(uring gla(( 0e then 'illed the re,epta,le to the !""5*illiliter i*print 0ith 0ater. Fi'teen ti*e( 0e poured the arrange*en t bet0een both !" *illiliter re,epta,le(. In the 0a4e o' doing a( (u,h 0e poured ten *illiliter( o' the =(ullied= 0ater into one o' the 1""5*illiliter ,ontainer( and put it a(ide. Ta4ing Ta4ing a'ter thi( (tride 0e then in,luded ten gra*( o' alu* to the dirt arrange*ent in the !"5*illiliter *ea(uring gla(( *i2ing graduall) 'or t0o *inute( 0ith a 0ooden *i2 (ti,4 a'ter 0hi,h 0e put the re,epta,le a(ide 'or 'i'teen *inute(. 9hile holding up 0e 'lu(hed out the un'illed !"5*illiliter ,ontainer then pla,e the pipe in. A( in e2a*ination one 0e ,ollap(ed a bit o' ,hee(e, loth into (o*ething - la)er( thi,4 and (et it in the pipe. Ne2t 0e la)ered 'ort) *illiliter( o' (and then t0ent) *illiliter( o' a,tuated ,har,oal then 'ort) *illiliter( o' ro,4 into the ,hannel. To *a4e the rough ,hannel (ettle 0e 'illed and depleted the pipe 'i3e ti*e( then put the pipe in the *outh o' the !"5*illiliter
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*ea(uring gla(( and per*itted it to (it 'or 'i3e *inute(. 9e then purged the re,epta,le o' the re*aining 0a(te. 9ithout aggra3ating it( (ub(tan,e 0e too4 the =deba(ed= re,epta,le o' (oil arrange*ent and poured around #@ # @ o' it through the ,hannel per*itting it to deplete 'or 'i3e *inute(. In the 0a4e o' doing a( (u,h 0e ,ontra(ted it 0ith the ten5*illiliter (pe,i*en ta4en alread) ob(er3ing (*ell. 9e 9e too4 the ,hannel out o' the *ea(uring gla(( and in,luded a ,ouple drop( o' d)e to the no0 (eparated 0ater then *i2ed 'or one *o*ent graduall). Sub(e/uent to doing a( (u,h 0e ,ontra(ted the treated 0ater 0ith the ten5*illiliter (pe,i*en and too4 per,eption(. E2peri*ent Three For te(t three Da(ani and FiHi 'iltered 0ater 0ere re/uired and additionall) (*elling (alt( ,hloride - in 1 pho(phate and iron te(t (trip(. Al(o Al(o 0e re/uire three !" *illiliter ,ontainer( an indelible *ar4er a (top0at,h para5'il* pipette( three 'oil par,el( o' de,rea(ing po0der and 'au,et 0ater. The 'ir(t thing done 0a( to na*e ea,h o' three *ea(uring gla((e( a( ,ontaining Da(ani FiHi and tap 0ater( in,luding 1"" *illiliter( o' e3er) (ort o' 0ater into e3er) re,epta,le. 9e utilized the te(t (eg*ent( o' e3er) 4ind to gauge g auge e3er) (ort o' 0ater. Table !: A**onia Te(t Re(ult( Table !: A**onia Te(t Re(ult( 9ater Sa*ple Tap 9ater Da(ani Bottled 9ater FiHi Bottled 9ater
Te(t Re(ult( " no a**onia " no a**onia " no a**onia
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A**onia te(t (trip( 0ere 'ir(t (et in the 0ater 'or thirt) (e,ond( *o3ing it all o3er enthu(ia(ti,all). enthu(ia(ti,all). The (trip 0a( peru(ed 'ollo0ing thirt) (e,ond( that had pa((ed a'ter e2pul(ion 'ro* the 0ater. ontingent upon (hading per,eption( 0ere re,ording on the i*perati3e reporting (tru,ture. hloride te(t (trip( 0ere done ne2t. 9e ,o*pletel) dren,hed the te(t (trip 'or one *inute then 'ollo0ing one *o*ent de,ided the (hading pu(h that neare(t related to our out,o*e(. 9e then entered our in'or*ation into the proper (tru,ture. Table 8: hloride Te(t Re(ult( 9ater Sa*ple Tap 9ater Da(ani Bottled 9ater FiHi Bottled 9ater
Te(t Re(ult( Appro2i*atel) "" Did not (ee a ,hange on (trip " 9a( no ,hange to (trip "
9hen utilizing the - a( a part p art o' 1 te(t (trip( 0e plunged the te(t (trip 'or 'i3e (e,ond( utilizing a deli,ate 'or0ard and ba,40ard *o3e *ent. A'ter e3a,uation 0e (at tight 'or t0ent) (e,ond( then ,ontra(ted our out,o*e( and the (uitable (hading (e,tion.
Table -: - in 1 Te(t Re(ult(
Total Al4alinit) 1!"
Total hlorine ". !
Total &ardne(( "
8
-" -"
"
"
%
1G"
"
"
9ater Sa*ple
p&
Tap 9ater Da(ani Da(ani Bottled Bottled 9ater FiHi Bottled 9ater
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For the pho(phate te(t (trip( 0e plunged the* into the 0ater 'or 'i3e (e,ond( then 'ollo0ing 'ort)5'i3e (e,ond( 0e read the out,o*e( ,oordinating it to the 'itting (hading na*e. Table : Pho(phate Te(t Re(ult( 9ater Sa*ple Tap 9ater Da(ani Bottled 9ater FiHi Bottled 9ater
Te(t Re(ult( &ad (ho0n 1" part( per *illion Re(ult( 0ere ! part( per *illion a*e out to be " part( per *illion
Finall) 0e e2pelled (e3ent) *illiliter( o' 0ater 'ro* e3er) *ea(uring gla(( a'ter 0hi,h 0e in,luded the le((ening po0der ,o3ering e3er) ,ontainer 0ith a bit o' para5'il* and (ha4ing energeti,all) 'or 'i'teen (e,ond(. Sub(e/uent to doing a( (u,h 0e plunged the iron te(t (trip( 'or 'i3e (e,ond( *o3ing it /ui,4l) in(ide o' the re,epta,le. Follo0ing ten (e,ond( 0e 0at,hed our out,o*e( ,oordinating the* 0ith 'itting e2planation( and re,orded our out,o*e(.
Table %: Iron Te(t Re(ult( 9ater Sa*ple Tap 9ater Da(ani Bottled 9ater FiHi Bottled 9ater
Te(t Re(ult( ".1" " "
Results
The ,on(e/uen,e( o' thi( trial 0ere: 'or *ea(uring uten(il one drab 0ater that noti,ed (o*e0hat o' *ineral(. For *ea(uring gla(( t0o there 0a( a la )er o' oil o3er the highe(t point o' the 0ater that 'ra*ed 0hen the bead( o' oil halted in the 0a4e o' *i2ing. For ,ontainer three the 0ater po((e((ed an aro*a (i*ilar to 3inegar and 0a( di(*al. For *ea(uring gla(( 'our the 0ater 0a( dr) 0ith 0ith a 'oa*) head and po((e((ed a (,ent re*ini(,ent o' ,lothing ,lean(er. For *ea(uring uten(il 'i3e the 0ater 0a( ,olored b ) the dirt and po((e((ed an aro*a (i*ilar to dirt and du(t. For *ea(uring uten(il (i2 the dirt 0a( oil) the 0ater 0a( (lopp) and a (light *ea(ure
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o' oil 0a( in the 0ater. For *ea(uring uten(il (e3en both the dirt and 0ater po((e((ed an aro*a (i*ilar to 3inegar and the 0ater 0a( (lopp). For *ea(uring gla(( eight the dirt and 0ater po((e((ed an aro*a (i*ilar to laundr) detergent the dirt it(el' 0a( oil) and (ud() (ud() and the 0ater had a (light (ho0ing o' (ud( and in addition being (lopp).
Context
Filtered 0ater i( un/ue(tionabl) and$or *ore 0ith regard( to 0ater / ualit). Filtered 0ater organization( dont a( a *atter o' ,our(e need( to ad3i(e people in general o' their 0ater (our,e( nor o' their te,hni/ue( 'or 'iltration. A,,ording to ,on(u*er report( =,leaned 'au,et 0ater i( the 0ell(pring o' -? per,ent o' 'iltered 0ater ,reated in the .S.= <on(u*er Report( !"11 pp. -6. In ,ountr) zone( (i*pl) in,luding a tapping ,hannel ,an 're/uentl) enhan,e the nature o' good 0ater. =In (pot( ga(hed b) de(titution the i((ue i( 're/uentl) an ab(en,e o' 'ra*e0or4 0ell( ,hannel( ,onta*ination ,ontrol( and 'ra*e0or4( 'or ,leaning 0ater=
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period o' ti*e (pent (ha4ing the *ea(uring uten(il( (ub(e/uent to in,luding the iron di*ini(hing di*ini(hing (pe,iali(t(. For te(t one (ending te(t( o' the (a*e oil 3inegar and laundr) detergent in(ide the re/uired lab unit *a) di*ini(h 3ariable( enough to a,,o*pli(h ,o*parati3e re(ult( 'or e3er) one o' tho(e endea3oring the e2a*ination. e2a *ination. For te(t t0o there ,ould be pre5'or*ed (/uare( o' ,hee(e,loth to ta4e into ,on(ideration a *ore uni'or* e2peri*entation. For a 'uture e*pha(i( o' te(t three one *a) en(ure that it i( ,ool out(ide in order to bring do0n the te*perature in(ide o' the 'unnel(
one ,ould li4e0i(e *a4e a point to *a4e a ,ontraption that 0ill rai(e and lo0er the (trip( in the *eanti*e appended to a ,lo,4. The e3entual out,o*e( o' thi( te(t 0ere that the 0ater 0a( b) and large ,lear 0ith no (oil no de'inite (*ell e3en a'ter 'iltration.
The out,o*e( 'ro* te(t three 0ere that the 'i2ture 0ater 0a( the *o(t ,onta*inated 0ith the FiHi 0ater running a ,lo(e5b) (e,ond and the Da(ani 0ater 0a( the pure(t.
For the *ain te(t the theor) 0a( that an6 oil 0ould not reall) (ull) the 0ater a( oil and 0ater dont blend b6 3inegar 0ould pollute the 0ater (in,e 3inegar di''u(e( all through 0ater pro*pting (igni'i,ant 'iltration 'iltration being e2pe,ted to uproot it and ,6 ,lothing ,lean(er i( additionall) a ,he*i,al that di(integrate( all through the 0ater pro*pting real *ediation to e3a,uate it. The out,o*e( ,on,urred 0ith the underl)ing (pe,ulation.
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In the (e,ond te(t the (pe,ulation 0a( that detergent 0ould not be a po0er'ul 'iltration (trateg) a( it de(ert( it(el' in the 0ater a( a ta(te or (*ell and in addition being (taggeringl) burning. Alu* Alu* i( a ,on,o,tion 'lo,,ulant i*pl)ing that it tie( parti,le( o' (olid( (olid( into pie,e (tru,ture e2pelling it 'ro* 'ree5(4i**ing all through the 0ater that i( being dealt 0ith. Ro,4 in huge (u*( ,an be an ade/uate *ethod 'or 'iltration be,au(e o' it( ,apa,it) to e3a,uate a lot o' entire garbage 'ro* an e2a*ple. Sand i( (4illed at ,at,hing (trong parti,le( in it(el'. har,oal i( additionall) an ade/uate (trateg) 'or 'iltration a( it trap( parti,le( in thi( 0a) e2pelling the* 'ro* the 0ater. The(e la)ered into a 'iltration 'ra*e0or4 0ith d)e to ,o*plete a( a *ethod 'or (terilization then again ought to be (u''i,ient to (anitize the 0ater to be alright to drin4 in a ,ri(i(. The (ub(e/uent 0ater that 0a( poured through the ,hann el 0or4ed 'ro* a ,hee(e,loth (and ,har,oal ro,4 and pipe 0ould li4el) ha3e po((e((ed the ,apa,it) to be de3oured in a ,ri(i( ,ir,u*(tan,e.
For the third in3e(tigation the theor) 0a( that the Da(ani 'iltered 0ater *a) ,ontain the *ini*al *ea(ure o' ,onta*inant( a( it 0a( a *ore (i'ted 0ater. The 'au,et 0ater 0ould ,ontain the *o(t *ea(ure o' ,onta*inant( a( it 0a( 0ater out o' an un'iltered 'ra*e0or4 and there *ight ha3e been *etal( and ,onta*inant( in the 'unnel(. The e(ti*ation( brought 0ith the te(ting (trip( 'or the 'au,et 0ater de*on(trated a larger a*ount o' ,onta*inant( then bo th o' the (eparated 0ater 'urther*ore de*on(trated that the Da(ani 'iltered 0ater ,ontained the *ini*u*. Conclusion
9ater 9a ter /ualit) i( o' gra3e (igni'i,an,e to the ,oheren,e o' the planet. E3er)thing that 'lie( (troll( de3elop( or (0i*( need( 0ater to e2i(t. nder(tanding the (tandard( o' the e''e,t( o' 'a*il) unit thing( on ground0ater ,an pro*pt a,hie3e*ent( on the be(t 0a) to di*ini(h
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*an4ind( 'oot (haped i*pre((ion on our *o(t 3aluable a ((et. Di*ini(hing our e''e,t on ground0ater and 're(h0ater (our,e( ,an di*ini(h the o,,a(ion( o ' 0ater ,on,ei3ed (i,4ne((e( 0hi,h are parti,ularl) un,ontrolled a*ong tho(e 0ho are de(titution (tru,4 0hi,h ,an help the (train on e,ono*ie(. =9ater ,onta*ination no Hu(t ai*( 0ellbeing danger( additionall) e2a(perate( the 'inan,ial (etup 3iz. needine(( di(parit) and relo,ation and (o on. in the in'luen,ed re(iden,e(= <+adhu(udan Shari' and Jri(hnada( !"1 ! pp. !6. Rai(ing the 0ater /ualit) 0ould better e3er)bod) le((ening the need to *o3e 0hi,h 0ould put *ore ,a(h and *ore (pe,iali(t( into neighborhood e,ono*ie(. At the point 0hen indi3idual( ,ooperate and pa) ,on(ideration on 0hat de'ile*ent the) are di(,harging into the earth great thing( happen.
Running head: FINAL LAB REPORT
1 References
Ben(el t. K Tur4 .
