SAP APO PPDS

SAP APO PPDS SAP APO PPDS.....................................................................................................................................1 Production Planning Planning and Detailed Detailed Scheduling........................ Scheduling........................ ........................... ......................... ...3 Production Planning.........................................................................................................................6 Constraint-Based Planning...........................................................................................................8 Order...............................................................................................................................................9 Pegging........................................................................................................................................10 Automatic Planning.....................................................................................................................12 Lot-Size Calculation....................................................................................................................14 Calculation of Assembly Scrap...................................................................................................15 Calculation of Operation Scrap..................................................................................................15 Lot-for-Lot Order Quantity..........................................................................................................16 Fixed Lot Size............................................................................................................................16 Target Days’ Supply...................................................................................................................17 Rounding Profile.........................................................................................................................17 Defining a Rounding Profile........................................................................................................18 Determining the Procurement Procurement Type and the Alternative Procurement Procurement Options.................. ........19 ...... ..19 Firming.........................................................................................................................................20 Firming the Order Quantity.........................................................................................................20 Planning a Product......................................................................................................................21 Manual Order Processing...........................................................................................................21 Creating an Order......................................................................................................................22 Evaluating and Processing the Planning Results....................................................................23 Finding Requirements................................................................................................................23 Finding Orders...........................................................................................................................24 Planning Situation of a Product..................................................................................................25 Order View.................................................................................................................................26 Pegging Structure of an Order...................................................................................................28 Converting SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders ..............................................................................31 Converting SNP Orders Orders in the Production Horizon into PP/DS Orders Orders ..................... ............. ....... .........32 ...32 Converting Individual SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders ..............................................................33 Integration of APO and the R/3 System.....................................................................................34 Preparing Preparing for the Integration of the R/3-System and APO.................................................. ........35 Planning with the Multi-Level ATP Check.................................................................................37 Detailed Scheduling........................................................................................................................39 Some more recent changes ..........................................................................................................42 Calling Up the Planning Table for Detailed Scheduling..............................................................43 Selecting Objects ......................................................................................................................45

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APO Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling

Rescheduling Rescheduling Operations and Orders Manually Manually Using Drag&Drop.................................... ........46 ...... ..46 Scheduling Functions.................................................................................................................47 Change Resources....................................................................................................................48 Create and Change Orders........................................................................................................48 Update the Planning Table ........................................................................................................49 Detailed Scheduling Strategies..................................................................................................50 Forwards and Backwards Scheduling........................................................................................51 Search for a Free Slot................................................................................................................52 Insert an Operation....................................................................................................................53 Squeeze in an Operation............................................................................................................53 Adhere to the Order Sequence....................... Sequence....................... ........................... ........................ ............ ...... ............ ............54 ......54 Finite and Infinite Scheduling.....................................................................................................54 Schedule in Non-Working Times................................................................................................55 Define the Scheduling Sequence...............................................................................................56 Consider the Time Relationships Between Operations..............................................................56 Consider the Pegging Relationships Between Orders...............................................................57 Navigation in the Planning Table...............................................................................................59 Expanding Multiple Loading.......................................................................................................59 Zoom the Planning Table...........................................................................................................60 Changing the Relative Size of the Planning Table Section........................................................60 Set the Visible Time Segment....................................................................................................61 Searching for a Table Row.........................................................................................................61 Highlighting Operations and Orders ..........................................................................................62 Displaying Planning Planning Objects and Scheduling Scheduling Information.......................... Information.......................... ................. ...........63 ...... .....63 Optimization.................................................................................................................................65 Executing the Optimization.........................................................................................................67 Settings........................................................................................................................................69 Settings for the Planning Planning Tables in Detailed Detailed Scheduling Scheduling .......................... ....................... ..........69 ...... ....69 Settings for the Planning Tables Tables in Production Planning................................. Planning................................. ....................... ....71 Configuration and Layout of the Planning Table........................................................................73 Change and Save Current Settings............................................................................................76 Printing.........................................................................................................................................77

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Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling Purpose The component Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) enables you to plan production in a plant while taking into account product and capacity constraints with the goal of increasing throughput and reducing product stock. The result of planning is a feasible production plan. PP/DS supports you in the creation of a production plan based on planned requirements. It also can be used to schedule sales orders that come in with short notice with desired delivery dates that lie in the near future. The advantages of using the component include: •

Higher degree of customer satisfaction because desired delivery dates are met

•

Increased throughput of products based on better resource coordination

•

Reduced inventory carry costs because the work in process inventory is reduced as a result of better coordination of product release

Integration •

PP/DS seamlessly complements the APO components Demand Planning , Supply Network Planning and Planning and Deployment when Deployment when generating feasible production plans.

•

In addition, PP/DS is integrated in the ATP component and supports the multi-level ATP check. During the multi-level ATP check, the system checks whether the required product is in stock. If this is not the case, the system carries out production planning and detailed detailed scheduling in order to determine a 'feasible' availability date for the product.

•

The APO system usually runs with an OLTP system, which could be a R/3 System. The OLTP system provides the APO system with data relevant for planning. planning. The component PP/DS in APO sends the planning results results back to the the OLTP system. system. If necessary, planning planning is completed completed in the OLTP system when, for example, not all products of a BOM structure are planned in APO. In addition, addition, planned planned orders and and purchase purchase requisitions are converted converted into production production orders and purchase orders. This conversion initiates production as well as the procurement of parts to be purchased. Confirmation is also carried out in the OLTP system.

Example of Integration A sales order order is received and and created in the R/3 System. System. The R/3 System sends an ATP request for this product to APO. The ATP check determines if the requested product is available. If it is not available, the ATP check calls up simulative PP/DS. The date of availability is determined while taking the capacity and product constraints into account and is transferred to the R/3 System.

The integration of the individual components is clearly depicted in the following illustration:

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R/3

APO Supply Chain Cockpit

Advanced Advanced Forecasting Forecasting and and Demand Demand Planning Planning

Production Production Planning Planning & & Detailed Detailed Scheduling Scheduling

Sales order

Production

Supply Supply Network Network Planning Planning

ATP ATP

Inventory Management Deployment Deployment

Features Creation of Feasible Production Plans PP/DS enables the user to generate feasible production plans quickly. The resources available are optimized and the availability of the products is considered. Planning is carried out using the theory of constraint-based planning. Numerous graphical tools, for instance, the configurable planning table for detailed scheduling, support the planner in his or her work. Consistent Model All planning is performed using a realistic model. The model contains master data such as bills of product, routings and resources with relevant capacity information as well as current stock, receipt and issue elements. If the APO system is connected to an R/3 System, this data can be copied from the R/3 System. In APO, you can perform long- and short-term planning using the same model so that both plans are consistent. Simultaneous Capacity and Product Planning When planning a finished product, product and capacity requirements are planned in one step on all levels of the bill of product. Products that cannot be procured or produced within the time period in which they are needed are displayed in the Alert Monitor. From the Alert Monitor, the planner can branch to a problem resolution window. Multi-Level Forward and Backward Scheduling Each level of the BOM of a product is fully exploded. Beginning with the desired delivery date of the order, the start date for each product of the BOM structure is calculated by backward scheduling on the basis of defined routing times. The system does not generate start dates that exist in the past, but instead calculates the end date based on the current date using forward scheduling. When a component is available, the explosion of the plan terminates and the product is assigned to the order. Planning is performed until all bills of product levels are planned.

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Automatic Multi-Level Transfer of Changes Changes on each level of the BOM are immediately visible and affect all other levels automatically. Hence, a delay in assembly processing would also cause a delay in the production of the finished product. For this reason, dates are adjusted automatically. The transfer of changes to other production levels can be restricted using a propagation range. In a propagation range, you can define for which resource or assembly changes can be transferred; that is, by specifying resource and product, you determine which order schedules may be altered. (This function is only relevant for Release 1.1 (December 1998) for Detailed Scheuling, it is not yet relevant for Production Planning ). Restrictions PP/DS is a planning tool only. The conversion of planned orders into production orders and purchase requisitions, as well as shop floor control with confirmation, purchasing, etc. must be carried out in the R/3 System or in another OLTP system.

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Production Planning Purpose The goal of Production Planning (PP) is to plan all products so that they are available at production time. Integration Master Data •

•

You maintain the following master data in APO for the component PP: −

Product Master

−

Production process model that consists of data from bills of products and operations that are necessary for the execution of production processes.

Master data that is required for planning, such as material master record, BOM, and routings, can be copied from the R/3 System. You indicate that the products (materials) are to be planned in APO in the integration model in the R/3 System.

Detailed Scheduling Production Planning is fully integrated with Detailed Scheduling. Product and capacity planning is carried out simultaneously. When planning products produced in-house, the system calls up detailed scheduling in order to determine the production dates for the production orders and to schedule them. Detailed scheduling determines feasible production dates as both the availability of the components and the available capacities are taken into account. You can access the detailed scheduling planning table from the evaluations in Production Planning. You can then check the orders scheduled by the system and, if necessary, reschedule them manually. Features Individual Planning of Order Sales order requirements that cannot be covered are planned on each level of the BOM using PP and DS. Copying Supply Network Planning (SNP) Planning Results Based on the planned orders created by SNP, orders can be generated that are precisely scheduled in terms of time and take sequence constraints into account, to enable a feasible production plan. Automatic Planning In the Product Master, you can define that a product is to be planned automatically, that is, changes to orders or to data relevant for planning are updated continually by the R/3 System and lead automatically to new planning. The most up-to-date results are thus available in APO. Manual Planning In the Product Master, you can define that a product is only planned manually. The product is not automatically planned, that is, orders are not automatically created for this product if there is a product shortage. When problems arise, the planner is made aware of the product shortage or of problems regarding dates, via an alert and must then react manually by, for example, manually creating or changing orders. Cross-Plant Planning Planning of a product can be performed for a variety of other locations, such as for customer, supplier or for another plant. Stock transfer orders can be created automatically by the system, when required, for procurement between the locations.

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Lot-Sizing Procedure The following lot size procedures can be used for planning. You define the procedures in the product master in the R/3 System or in the Product Master in APO: •

Lot-for-lot order quantity

In addition, you can determine certain restrictions, such as minimum/maximum lot size and rounding values. •

Fixed lot size

Production Process Model (PPM) Explosion When planning, the system can either explode the BOM and the routings from the R/3 System or the production process model in the APO system. You define which data is used for planning in the Product Master in APO. Pegging Using the pegging procedure, the APO system creates a relationship between the receipt and issue elements of a product (material) in a location. The system generates a pegging structure that is set up based on the BOM structures of all relevant products. The pegging structure ensures that quantity or scheduling changes are transferred to orders at lower levels. Evaluation Options The following evaluations are available: •

Find requirements

•

Find orders

•

Planning situation for product

•

Multi-level order view (pegging structure)

•

Alert monitor

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Constraint-Based Planning Definition A form of production planning that is based on the assumption that the entire production process is determined by certain bottlenecks. Such bottlenecks include: •

Resources with low capacity

•

Raw material that is available in limited quantity

In constraint-based planning, bottlenecks are given increased attention. A resource with low capacity is given priority. Planning of all remaining resources is based on the planning results of the bottleneck resource. Use Constraint-based planning is used to create a feasible production plan. To carry out the plan, certain conditions must be met. For example: • •

Every product requirement must be covered. An order or operation may not exist in the past.

•

The time difference between the assembly order and an order that supplies the required components must be within minimum/maximum time limits.

•

The components must be available in sufficient quantity before the operation can be started.

As there are usually too many conditions to be considered in order to make a feasible plan, planning is made while focusing on only a few bottlenecks that significantly influence the planning process. The bottleneck must be protected against short-term problems and alternative options must be found to alleviate the strain on the bottleneck; for instance, by additional subcontracting if a resource bottleneck cannot produce the desired assembly in sufficient quantity. The main focus of planning is on bottlenecks, and in particular on resource bottlenecks. Rough schedules are made for all resources with no bottlenecks.

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Order Definition In APO, an order is a technical object, which defines for a procurement transaction (in-house production or external procurement) when and where, products are required and which resources are needed during this process. Sales orders and forecast requirements are also modeled as an order in APO. Not every order must contain all sub-objects, for example, a sales order will not contain any information on the resource load and the product receipt and a purchase order will not contain information on the product requirement and the resource load. The term order can include: •

Planned order

•

Production order

•

Purchase requisition

•

Purchase order

•

Sales order

•

Reservation (manual)

•

Transport order

•

Scheduling agreement

•

Stock

•

Etc.

Use In APO, receipt and issue elements are modeled as an order. The planner determines if the order is, for example, a planned order or a purchase order and so on. The APO system only generates APO planned orders during planning. You can also only create this type of order manually. In Customizing for APO, in the IMG activity Make Settings for ATP , you can maintain various text elements for in-house production, stock transfer and external procurement. In the Product view, you are then able to see the category of the order, that is, whether the system has created a purchase requisition or a planned order, and so on, during planning. You can manually change the APO planned orders as well as production and purchase orders that were copied from the R/3 System. Structure An order consists of the following parts: •

Product receipt

Product receipt entails the product, or products in the case of joint production, that are produced or ordered using the order •

Product issues Product issue entails all components that are needed for the production of the order

•

Operations For in-house production, orders include the necessary operations that have to be assigned to a resource so that the order can be scheduled. An operation is always carried out on a main resource.

•

Activities An operation includes several activities. These are processing steps such as, setting up, processing and tearing down. Primary and several secondary resources are required to carry out the activity. Product receipts and issues are assigned to the activity to enable precise staging of products (materials).

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Integration The planned orders and purchase requisitions created in the APO system are transferred to the R/3 System. Likewise, production orders, purchase orders, and reservations are transferred from the R/3 System to APO. Changes to the orders are transferred from APO to the R/3 System and vice versa.

Pegging Definition A procedure in PP/DS that establishes the relationship between the receipt and issue elements of a product (material) in a location. Using pegging, the system assigns relevant issue elements to requirements.

The system creates a pegging structure of orders linked to one another that represents the planned relationships between the receipt and issue elements of a BOM structure. This is depicted in the following illustration:

Sales order 10 10

20

10

20

10

30

Transport order

40 40

60

(-10)

50

100 Shortfall

30

100 20

30 50

50

50

30 50

(+20) Surplus

Production order

50 50

Purchase order

80

50 20 80

50 50 (+10)

Two different pegging procedures exist in APO: •

Fixed Pegging

•

Dynamic Pegging

Use Pegging is used for the following: •

If an order changes, these changes must be forwarded to all dependent orders. The system determines which orders are dependent by using the pegging procedure.

•

If an existing requirement increases, or a new requirement is created, existing receipt elements with quantities that have not yet been assigned to specific issue elements (requirements) can be used. Pegging, thereby, influences the net requirements calculation.

Integration Dynamic pegging has the following characteristics: •

The assignment of requirement and receipt elements is carried out according to the time of availability and requirement. Consequently, pegging relationships change if there is a change in quantity or in requirement dates.

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Note If a requirement changes, or a new requirement is necessary for a product (material), pegging relationships of all receipt elements  with dates that exist prior to the date of the requirement  are changed. This is valid if the receipt elements were assigned to requirement elements that exist after the changed or new requirement. •

Pegging relationships between the receipt and issue elements do not intersect in the case of dynamic pegging.

Dynamic pegging is carried out according to the following guidelines: •

Existing receipt elements should cover requirements.

•

If possible, receipt elements that exist in the near future should not be assigned to a requirement element that exists far into the future. Instead, the receipt elements should be used for incoming requirements that exist in the near future.

•

Receipt elements should be assigned to the issue elements with similar dates.

•

Requirement elements that exist far into the future should be covered by new receipt elements that can also be scheduled later.

•

In the demand profile in the Product Master, you can define:

−

Permitted time interval for backwards edge: The product requirement lies before the receipt on the time axis and the date constraint is violated, but there is no product shortage.

−

Time interval for an alert with the backwards edge: In the case of very slight date violations, the planner perhaps would like to refrain from having an alert.

−

Maximum length of a pegging relationship: A receipt may only cover a requirement in the future for a limited amount of time (for example, due to perishability).

In contrast to dynamic pegging, fixed pegging enables you to fix a pegging relationship, that is, the pegging relationship will no longer be changed automatically by the system during planning. You are able to fix a particular quantity of the product receipt to a specific requirement. However. this fixed pegging relationship can be reverted to a dynamic pegging relationship at any time via the unfixing function.

Pegging

R

R

R

R

I

I

I

Time axis

Today

R = Receipt element I = Issue elem ent

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Automatic Planning Purpose The system automatically performs planning for all changes. You can also begin planning for a product (material) by using the f unction Plan product . Prerequisites •

You have created a model and assigned the locations and products in the Supply Chain Engineer (SCE).

•

You have created a planning version for planning and assigned it to the model.

•

You have created the required resources.

•

You have created the Product Master records in APO for the products to be planned and have maintained the following data:

−

The lot size in the lot size screen

−

Whether the BOM and the routings from the R/3 System or the production process model in APO should be used for planning in the Explosion field on the PP/DS screen.

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That automatic planning is to be used, by setting the automatic planning indicator in the PP/DS screen, in the section entitled PP/DS Planning.

−

Whether a product is to be produced in-house or procured externally in the SNP screen, in the Procurement field.

•

You have created a production process model for each product that is produced in-house.

•

You have defined the supply relationships for external procurement in the Supply Chain Cockpit.

Process For each product (material) that is planned automatically (for which you have defined automatic planning in the Product Master), the system performs the following steps when planning: 1.

A new or changed requirement must be covered. The APO system, therefore, first attempts to cover the requirement with existing stock or orders. If enough stock or orders with appropriate schedules exist to cover the requirements, planning is completed. The APO system assigns the requirements to the receipt elements using pegging. This is the net requirements calculation.

2.

If not enough of the product exists, the system performs a lot-size calculation to determine the order quantity from the requirements that are not covered. An order quantity can differ from the quantity determined in the net requirements and scrap calculations because, for instance, a fixed lot size or rounding value is used for the lot size calculation. Surplus quantities may be assigned to other requirements later.

3.

If you have already preset a value for scrap in the Product Master or have defined operation scrap for a particular operation in the production process model, the system also performs a scrap calculation and determines the total quantity to be produced (order quantity).

4.

The system creates an order for the total quantity.

5.

The system determines how the product (material) is to be procured:

Using the type of procurement you defined in the Product Master, the system determines how the product is to be procured. If you have defined in-house production, the system creates a planned order. If you have created several production process models, the system selects the alternative with the most favorable costs. If you have define that the product is to be procured externally, the system creates a purchase requisition. If you have maintained several procurement options in the Supply Chain Cockpit, the system selects the alternative with the most f avorable costs.

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If you have entered an X for in-house production or external procurement, then the system selects the alternative with the most favorable costs from the production process model or the Supply Chain Cockpit. See also Determining the Procurement Type and the Alternative Procurement Options. If you have manually created an APO planned order, you can then select the source of supply interactively. 6. The system schedules the order: For external procurement, the planned delivery time of the product (material) is determined from the supply relationships maintained in APO. For in-house production, the APO system explodes the PPM and performs detailed scheduling to determine the dates for the order. 7.

When exploding the PPM for products (materials) to be planned, the system determines component and capacity requirements of the operations that are defined in the PPM as necessary for the production of the product. The requirement dates of the components are set according to operation dates for which the components are needed.

8.

To determine the requirement dates of the components, the operations have to be scheduled to the resources. There are two kinds of resources: bottleneck resources and non-bottleneck resources. Usually, there are only a few bottleneck resources in a production plant. For every resource, you can determine if you want to carry out finite scheduling. In most cases, finite scheduling is carried out for bottleneck resources only – that is, while considering limited capacity. In addition, you can also carry out finite scheduling for resources that you think may be bottleneck resources. For capacity overloads, Alerts are generated only for resources that have been finitely scheduled. Infinite scheduling is usually carried out for resources without bottlenecks, that is, based on unlimited capacity. The scheduling of operations to resources without bottlenecks is oriented towards the scheduling results of the bottleneck resources.

9.

The scheduling of an operation to a finite resource is an important step that requires further explanation. The operation should be scheduled on the requirement date if possible. The strategy profile indicates which constraints are to be considered and how. It is, therefore, an important planning parameter. If another operation is scheduled on the requirement date, it could be postponed (depending on the setting of the strategy profile). This can lead to the postponement of another operation, which could cause a chain reaction that changes a large part of the schedule. By postponing the operation, the requirement dates also change, which can lead to surpluses and shortages that must be exploded. If resource capacity is insufficient, customer requirement dates can not be met.

10. Scheduling is carried out until the operations have been scheduled in such a manner that they can be carried out while taking into account existing capacity and component availability. The start and end date of the order is determined using the start of the first operation and the end of the last as a basis. 11. If constraint violations occur, for example, the customer requirement date cannot be met, they are displayed as alerts in the evaluations. The planner can reprocess the planning results manually.

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Lot-Size Calculation The system calculates the lot-size in PP based on the lot-sizing procedure defined in the Product Master record in APO. Prerequisites You have specified the assembly scrap in percentage (only for products (materials) produced inhouse) and maintained the lot size data in the Product Master record in APO. Process 1.

In material planning, the system determines the shortage quantities for the relevant requirement dates. The shortage quantities must now be covered by receipt elements.

2.

Based on the shortage quantity, the scrap is calculated and then the total quantity to be produced. If no assembly scrap was defined in the Product Master record, the shortage quantity remains unchanged.

3.

The total quantity of the order is determined based on the lot size data that is maintained. The following procedures can be used for lot-size calculation in APO: −

Lot-for-lot order quantity

−

Fixed lot size

The result of the lot-size calculation is the quantity that is to be produced or procured. You can display or change the quantity in the order. You can also specify additional restrictions that should be considered in the lot-size calculation when maintaining the Product Master records. Restrictions include: •

Minimum lot size

A minimum purchase order quantity is defined per lot. •

Maximum lot size

A maximum purchase order quantity is defined per lot. •

Rounding value

A value is entered, multiples of which are used for rounding. •

Rounding profile

Staggered roundings can be made. Example You entered a fixed lot size with 100 pieces and a scrap of 10% as the lot-sizing procedure in the Product Master record in APO. The requirement quantity (shortage determined) is 100 pieces. 1. Scrap calculation: The system calculates the scrap and determines the total quantity of 111 pieces to be procured using the following formula: Total quantity = 100 pieces (100% - 10%) = 100 pieces/0.9 = 111 pieces. 2. Calculation of the quantities to be procured: 111 pieces must be ordered. The fixed lot size is 100 pieces per order. As a result, the system generates two orders with 100 pieces per order.

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Calculation of Assembly Scrap Use You use the calculation of the assembly scrap if you want to plan the scrap that is produced in assembly production. Note For a product produced in-house, you should maintain either assembly scrap in the APO Product Master or operation scrap for the individual operations in the production process model. If you have maintained scrap in both, the system calculates assembly scrap and operation scrap which results in too much scrap being calculated. Integration The calculation of the assembly scrap is the first step in lot-size calculation for the order of an assembly. Prerequisites You entered the planned scrap as a percentage in the field Assembly scrap in the APO Product Master record. Features The shortage quantity determined by the system is used as the basis for the assembly calculation ( = expected yield). The total quantity is calculated using the scrap percentage value.

The total quantity to be produced is calculated according to the following formula: Example Expected yield (= shortage quantity) = 100 pieces Assembly scrap = 20% Total quantity = 100 pieces/(100% - 20%) = 100 pieces/0.8 =125 pieces. Scrap = 25 pieces Note The assembly scrap is taken into account in the calculation of the total quantity of an order and affects the assembly components that must be procured accordingly. The total quantity calculated is also taken into account in terms of capacity.

Calculation of Operation Scrap Use You use the calculation of the operation scrap if you want to plan the scrap that is produced in assembly production in detail for each operation. Prerequisites You have entered the scrap as a percentage for each operation in the operation data of the production process model for the assembly. Features The starting point for the scrap calculation is the shortage quantity calculated by the system (= expected yield). The total quantity is calculated for every operation based on the scrap percentage. The calculation always starts with the last operation for which you have maintained scrap in per cent.

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The system calculates the total quantity to be produced for an order according to the procedure shown in the following example: Example Expected yield (= shortage quantity) = 100 pieces Operation scrap for operation 1 = 5% Operation scrap for operation 2 = 7% Operation scrap for operation 3 = 5.5%

The scrap is calculated according to the following formulae: Total quantity for operation 3 = 100 pieces/(100% - 5.5%)= 100 pieces/0.945 =106 pieces. Total quantity for operation 2 = 106 pieces/(100% - 7%)= 106 pieces/0.93 =114 pieces. Total quantity for operation 1 = 114 pieces/(100% - 5%)= 114 pieces/0.95 = 120 pieces. This results in a total quantity of 120 pieces to be produced for the order. Note The assembly scrap is taken into account in the calculation of the total quantity of an order and affects the assembly components that must be procured accordingly. The total quantity calculated for each operation is also taken into account in terms of capacity during detailed scheduling.

Lot-for-Lot Order Quantity Use The system uses the exact shortage quantity (requirement minus available warehouse stock) as lot size in the calculation for product shortages that meet the criteria for lot-for-lot order quantity. For the corresponding requirements date, the planned warehouse stock equals 0. Prerequisites You have selected Lot-for-lot qty in the Lot size view of the Product Master record in APO. Features Planning is carried out according to the requirements. This means that an order is generated for every requirement.

Fixed Lot Size Use You choose a fixed lot size for a product if it is necessary for technical reasons; for example, pallet size or tank contents. Prerequisites You have selected Fixed lot size in the Lot size view of the Product Master record in APO and entered the quantity. Features The system uses the fixed lot size that was defined in the product master record in the calculation for product shortages that meet the criteria for fixed lot size. If the quantity of a fixed lot size is insufficient to eliminate the shortage, several lots are scheduled for the total quantity of the fixed lot size for the same date until there is no longer a shortage.

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Target Days’ Supply Use The target days‘ supply is used f or calculating the lot size of an order thereby avoiding product stocks that are either too high or too low. Prerequisites In the APO Product Master record in the field Target days‘ supply, you have entered the number of days for which the stock and the planned receipts of a product should cover the requirements at planning time. Features The target days´supply is determined by the system for the calculation of the lot size in material planning. The system increases or decreases the lot size of an order until the number of days that you entered in the Product Master is reached.

Rounding Profile Use The rounding profile adjusts units of measure used in material planning to the units of measure used in delivery or transportation; for example, if deliveries for purchase orders can only be made in units of ten. The system uses the rounding profile to calculate the quantity to be procured with the order. Prerequisites •

You have defined a rounding profile in APO.

•

You have specified a rounding profile in the APO product master record.

Features The following provides an example of the step-by-step procedure: Assume a specific rounding profile has been defined in APO as follows: 2

→

5

32 → 40 This means that from a requirement of 2 units the system rounds up to 5 units and from a requirement of 32 units it rounds up to 40 units. If the requirement is lower than the first threshold value, the original requirement value is used unchanged. If the first threshold value is exceeded, the value is always rounded up. In the following example, piece is used as the unit of measure. Based on these settings, the following situation can be modeled, for example: A base unit of measure of 1 piece has been defined for a product. The product is to be ordered in sets (1 set equals 5 pieces) or in pallets (1 pallet equals 8 sets corresponding to 40 pieces). Based on this setting, the system calculates the quantities for the order proposal as shown in the following table:

Demand

Order Proposal

1

1

2

5

6

10

7

10

21

25

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31

35

32

40

41

45

74

80

•

For a requirement of 7 pieces, the system checks how often 5 can be divided by 7. This results in an order quantity of 5 pieces (1x5=5). The system rounds up the remaining 2 pieces to 5 pieces. Thus, for a requirement of 7 pieces, one order proposal is created for 10 pieces.

•

For a requirement of 74 pieces, the system checks how often 74 can be divided by 40. This results in an order quantity of 40 pieces (1x40=40). The system rounds up the remaining 34 pieces to 40 pieces. Thus, for a requirement of 74 pieces, one order proposal is created for 80 pieces.

Defining a Rounding Profile Use A rounding profile is defined to adapt the units of measure used in material planning to the units used for delivery or transportation; for example, if purchase orders can only be delivered in bundles of ten pieces. Using the rounding profile, settings can be made which define how order proposals are to be rounded up or down to deliverable quantities. The rounding profile comprises: •

Level

•

Threshold value

•

Rounding value

Multiple combinations of threshold and rounding values can be defined for a rounding profile. The individual combinations are then assigned to a level. The threshold value represents the value to which the system rounds up the next deliverable quantity. If the threshold value is not reached, the system performs a rounding operation based on the next smaller level. Once the smallest level is reached, the system rounds up to the multiple of the rounding value if the required quantity is greater than the threshold value. Otherwise the required quantity remains unchanged. The rounding value is the value to which the system rounds up once the threshold value has been exceeded. Integration You specify the rounding profile in the Product Master record. Rounding profiles are defined independent of any plant. Activities You define a rounding profile in Customizing for APO, under Master Data activity Maintain Rounding Profiles.

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Determining the Procurement Type and the Alternative Procurement Options Use For both manually and automatically created orders, the system determines the procurement type and selects the alternative with the most favorable costs, if you have maintained several procurement options. Integration The procurement option with the most favorable costs is selected during production planning and the multi-level ATP check. See also: Planning with Multi-Level ATP Check. When you create an order manually, you receive a dialog box that contains all possible procurement options. The alternative that the system has determined as the form of procurement with the most favorable costs is selected as a proposal. You can, however, also choose another alternative by selecting it. Prerequisites •

For the product and the necessary components, you have defined whether the product is to be planned manually (with or without check) or automatically by setting the corresponding indicator in the PP/DS screen of the Product Master.

•

You have defined the respective procurement type in the SNP screen of the Product Master for the product and the necessary components. You can enter E for in-house production, F for external procurement or X for in-house production or external procurement.

•

You have created the alternative sources of supply for the product to be checked and the necessary components: In the case of products produced in-house, you represent the alternative procurement options using the production process model, by creating different production versions. In the cases of external procurement and stock transfer, you define the different procurement options in the form of delivery relationships in the Supply Chain Cockpit. •

You have maintained the costs of procurement for every alternative.

With in-house production, you maintain the costs in the production process model. To do this, starting from the 'Change production process model' screen, choose Goto  Costs and enter the fixed and variable costs in the multi-level costs section of the dialog box. You maintain the costs for external procurement in the Supply Chain Cockpit Features Determining the Procurement Type Using the settings in the Product Master, the system determines whether the product is to be procured by means of in-house production or external procurement. If you have entered the procurement type X, APO determines which alternative is to be used, based on the costs. If the product is procured by means of in-house production, the system creates a planned order, whereas if the product is procured externally, the system creates a purchase requisition. Determining Alternative Procurement Options If you have maintained several production process models (PPM) for in-house production, the system determines the production process model with the most favorable costs based on the costs you entered for each PPM. If this PPM is not available for the resource on the given date, the system selects the next alternative with the most favorable costs. With external procurement, the system determines the source of supply using the data you have maintained in the Supply-Chain-Cockpit. The system also selects the alternative with the most favorable costs.

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If both in-house production and external procurement are permitted (procurement type X), the APO system selects the source with the most favorable costs, irrespective of whether it is in-house production or external procurement. The costs in the transport relationship and in the production process model are directly compared during this process.

You can enter the costs for the actual procurement transaction and for the complete procurement transaction from the level in question downwards in both the transport relationship and in the production process model. The costs of actual procurement transaction are required in the SNP optimization for evaluating a plan. The costs for the complete procurement transaction are used in Production Planning to select the source of supply. When determining the source of supply, if the system finds an alternative with higher costs, it immediately disregards it and continues to look for the alternative with the most favorable costs. Therefore, the total costs for this part of this supply chain cannot be determined and compared as the system does not determine the costs for the lower BOM levels if the costs of the higher BOM levels are most expensive. Thus, you need to ensure that the costs are comparable for all manufacturing levels.

The costs do not have to be entered in a particular currency, nor do they have to have anything to do with the actual costs, although this can sometimes be helpful. Only the alternatives for a product are compared. The costs define the sequence in which the alternatives are examined.

Firming Use You can firm the operations and quantity of an existing order to prevent them from being changed with respect to its dates or quantities when new orders are automatically scheduled, optimization is carried out, or changes are automatically transferred on a higher level. Features •

Firming the date An operation is firmed; that is, no changes will be made to its date when you have manually rescheduled the operation in the detailed scheduling planning table. •

Firming the order quantity Note Planned orders that are transferred from APO to R/3 are firmed in R/3 irrespective of whether or not they are firmed in APO.

Firming the Order Quantity Use The order quantity of a firmed order will not be changed during the planning process. Features You have the following options for firming the order quantities: •

Manual change

The order quantity is firmed when you change it manually. The system then automatically sets the Header firmed indicator in the header of the order. •

Setting the Header firmed indicator

If you set the Header firmed indicator in the header data of the order, the planned order is also firmed.

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Planning a Product Use Planning activities that are carried out automatically as a result of various changes can lead to a highly inconsistent and fragmented planning situation. During automatic planning, the system does not schedule orders to where they are required but to where it finds remaining capacity. The Plan product function causes a product to be re-planned and attempts to improve the planning situation by re-grouping the individual orders. Integration You can start the Plan product function from the evaluations Planning situation: Product and from the order view. Features This function creates a new plan for the product. In doing so, the system tries to create orders with dates as near to the requirement dates as possible. In addition, many individual orders are combined to form one large order, and excess orders are deleted. Capacity and component availability are taken into account for planning.

Manual Order Processing Use In addition to the automatic creation and changing of orders during planning, you can create and change orders manually. For example, manual creation of orders can be useful if you expect customer demands but do not wish to create independent requirements for them. Integration You can create orders by choosing the Create order function key in the Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling menu. However, you can also access the Create order function from various evaluation screens. You can display and change orders by choosing the Process order function key in the Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling menu. You can also change planned orders and purchase requisitions that have been copied from the R/3 System using the Process orders function. Prerequisites •

You have maintained the lot size data in the APO Product Master.

•

In the APO Product Master, you have defined in the Plan break-down field of the PP/DS screen whether to use the BOM and routing from the R/3 System or the PPM from APO for planning.

•

You have created the required resources.

•

You have created a PPM for the finished products and assemblies.

•

You have created a planning version for your model.

Features •

When creating an order, the system determines the possible procurement alternatives that exist for the product and display them in a dialog box. The system has already selected the alternative with the most favorable costs. You can, however, select another alternative. For more information, see: Determining the Procurement Type and Alternative Procurement Options.

•

The following editing functions are available:

•

Create order

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•

Change/display order

•

Delete order Note You can only delete orders in the order view.

Creating an Order Prerequisites You have maintained all necessary master data: •

You have created a Supply Chain model.

•

You have defined a planning version and assigned it to the Supply Chain model.

•

You have created a location (type: plant) in which the product is to be produced.

•

You have created Product Master records in this location for the product and its components that are produced in-house.

•

You have created single-activity resources or multi-activity resources (resources that can be scheduled on a continuous basis) on which the products are to be produced. You have defined the working times and capacity for these resources.

•

You have assigned these resources to the Supply Chain model in the Supply Chain Engineer .

•

You have created production process models for the product and the components that are produced in-house.

For more information on master data, see the APO Master Data documentation. Procedure 1. From the PP and DS menu, choose Interactive Planning → Create order. The Create order screen appears. 2. Enter the following data: −

Planning version

−

Product

−

Location, for example, plant

−

Quantity the order is to deliver

−

Availability date, that is, the date according to the order on which you expect the order quantity to be staged or delivered

−

If necessary, a special stock indicator if the order is to be assigned to the account of a sales order or a work breakdown structure (WBS) element.

−

Enter the accounting object, that is, the sales order or the WBS element to whose account the order is to be assigned

3. Choose Enter. The Create order dialog box appears. In the upper half of the screen, you see the order data you have defined, whereas in the lower half of the screen, you see the possible procurement alternatives. The alternative with the most favorable costs is already selected as a proposal. However, you can select another procurement alternative. 4. Choose Enter . The Process order screen appears in which you can check the order data. 5. Save your order.

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Evaluating and Processing the Planning Results Purpose Since planning is run automatically whenever changes have been made, the planning results or stock/requirement situation must be checked on a regular basis and alerts that may occur must be processed. Based on the current situation, the planner has various options for checking and processing the planning results for a product, an order, or even a complete order structure. The following evaluations are available: •

Find requirements

•

Find orders

•

Planning situation: product

Process Flow 1. Call up the evaluation in the PP/DS main menu. 2. From within the evaluation, you can check the orders for a product and change them, if required. You can display and process constraint violations and other problems using the Alert Monitor. 3. During automatic planning, a highly inconsistent planning situation may occur because the system does not schedule orders to where they are required but instead to where it finds remaining capacity. This leads to the creation of multiple orders and consequently a fragmented and inconsistent planning situation. If you are not satisfied with the planning situation of a product, you can use the Plan product function to initiate the creation of a new plan for the product. This planning function allows you to reduce the number of orders for a product that the system created during automatic planning. In this new plan, the system recalculates the orders and schedules them to where they are as near to the requirement date as possible. If required, the system increases existing orders and deletes excess orders.

Finding Requirements Use This evaluation allows you to display an overview of the planned independent requirements for one or more products and if required, change them. In addition, you can check the orders that have been created in APO to cover the requirements. This overview contains the following list of planned independent requirements: •

Planned independent requirements that the PP/DS application component copies from Demand Management

•

Requirements resulting from sales orders that have been transferred from the R/3 System.

Features Based on the data you entered on the initial screen of the Find requirements screen the system searches for the independent requirements of one or all products of a version and lists them in the form of an overview. From within the requirements overview, you can: •

Change existing requirements

•

Create new requirements

•

Display the complete pegging structure of the order that APO created for a requirement by double-clicking on the relevant requirement

•

Change the time zone for displaying dates by choosing Settings → Time zone.

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From the requirements overview, you can access the following functions: •

Create order

•

Alert Monitor

•

Change strategy settings

You can check the settings of the strategy profile and change them, if required. Scheduling is then carried out on the basis of the changed parameters. Activities 1. To determine the existing planned independent requirements, choose Interactive planning Find requirements from the Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling menu.

→

The initial screen appears. 2. Enter the Planning Version. 3. Enter a product. If you do not enter a product, the system searches for any products for which independent requirements exist. 4. Enter the Source (for example, the production plant) from which the product is obtained. If you select All, the system searches for requirements from all sources, such as plants, suppliers, and so on. 5. Enter the Target to which the product is to be supplied (for example, plant or customer and so on). 6. Choose Enter . The Requirements overview screen appears. This overview contains all existing requirements.

Finding Orders Use This evaluation allows you to display and edit any orders. The system lists both automatically and manually created orders. Features Based on your specifications on the initial screen, the system searches for any orders for the chosen product. The system lists both automatically and manually created orders. The order overview contains the following data: •

Date and time of availability

•

Category of the order

If the product is manufactured in-house, the order can be a planned order or a production order. If the product is procured externally, the order can be a purchase requisition or a purchase order. •

Receipt elements' number

•

Target/source, that is, the production plant, supplying plant, or supplier

•

Product and product description

•

Quantity received/issued

•

Base unit of measure of the product

From within the order overview, you can: •

Change the dates and quantities of the orders

•

Display the order view for the chosen order by double-clicking on it

The following functions are available from within the order overview: •

Create order

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• •


Alert Monitor Change strategy settings

You can check the settings of the DS strategy profile and change them, if required. Planning is then carried out on the basis of the changed parameters. Activities 1. To determine the orders for a product (material), choose Interactive planning → Find orders. The Find orders screen appears. 2. Enter the Planning Version. 3. Enter the product number of the product. 4. Enter the Target , for example, the plant to which the ordered product is to be supplied. 5. Enter the Source, for example, the production plant or the supplier (in the case of external procurement). 6. Choose Enter . The Find orders screen appears. This screen provides you with an overview of all existing orders for a product.

Planning Situation of a Product Use This evaluation provides an overview of the current stock/requirements situation of a product. Features To display the following screens containing information on the planning situation click on the relevant view. •

Elements List

The elements list displays all existing receipt elements (orders) and issue elements (requirements) of a product (material). You can change the dates and quantities of the orders. To access the order view of an order, double-click on the order. •

Period totals display

By choosing the Period tab index a display appears with the period totals, containing the following information: −

Available quantity - The result of requirements and receipts being settled against each other

−

Actual days' supply - Starting from the defined end of the day, the actual days' supply specifies how many hours the available quantity will cover requirements.

−

Total receipts - Receipts are added together for a period (for each day). You can display the individual elements in the period view by double-clicking on Total receipts in the table/grid.

−

Total requirements - Requirements are added together for a period (for each day). You can display the individual elements in the period view by double-clicking on Total requirements in the table/grid.

•

Product Master data

In addition, you can choose the following functions: •

Create order

•

Go to the Alert Monitor

•


•

Plan product

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1. To display the planning situation of a product, choose Interactive planning product from the Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling menu.

→

Planning situation:

The initial screen of the evaluation appears. 2. Enter the Planning version, product number and location for which you wish to view the planning situation. 3. Choose Enter . The Product view screen appears.

Order View Use The order view represents an evaluation used to display the data of an order and edit it. Prerequisites You have either accessed the Find orders function or the Planning situation: product function and have selected the order (by double-clicking on it) for which you wish to see the pertinent view. Features The order view is displayed on a split screen: On the left half of the screen, there is a tree structure for the selected order, which contains the following objects: Order number, product receipts, product requirements, and operations. On the right half of the screen, the data is displayed for the object you have selected on the tree. Objects in the Tree Structure of the Order •

Order number

When you select the order number in the tree by double-clicking on it, you receive the header data for the order on the right side of the screen: − −

−

Start and finish date of the order Account assignment data such as, WBS element, if the order was created to cover a requirement for a WBS element. Status You can define whether the order is to be firmed or not in APO via the Header firmed indicator . The Status R/3 indicator specifies whether the order had already been created or changed and so on, in the R/3 System. The status is set by the system.

•

Product Receipts

When you select Product receipts in the tree by double-clicking on it, you receive the data for the product or products that are being produced or procured with the help of the selected order: −

Product number and description

−

Source, such as the production plant

−

Requirement date

−

Alert The alert is presented in the form of a traffic light. The red traffic light indicates that an alert exists. To display this problem, call up the Alert Monitor. The yellow traffic light indicates that a sufficient quantity of the product exists so that the order is not required.

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The green traffic light indicates that there are no alerts, that is, the system was able to schedule the product in accordance with the requirements date, and the necessary components are available. −

Availability date This is the date when the total order quantity is available, that is, after completion of the order.

−

Order quantity

•

Product Requirements

When you select Product receipts in the tree by double-clicking on it, you receive the data for the components of the order on the right side of the screen: −

Product number and description of the required components

−

Destination; this is normally the plant where the components are processed

−

Requirements date and time; this is the date when the components need to be provided for production of the order.

− −

Alert The quantity of components required for the order

In the lower section of the screen, the stock/requirements list of the chosen components is displayed. •

Operations

When you select Operations in the tree by double-clicking on it, you are provided with an overview of all operations that are planned for the order. Pegging Structure When you select the Context function key, you receive the graphical pegging structure for the selected order. Additional Functions Available in the Order View From the order view, you can choose additional functions using the relevant function keys: •

Change order

•

Create order

•

Delete order

To delete an order, select it and choose Delete order . •

Plan product

•

Display Alert Monitor

•


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Pegging Structure of an Order Use The order structure is the graphical presentation of an evaluation that is structured according to the BOM structures of all products involved in the production of a finished product and displays the relationship between all receipt and issue elements. The structure begins with the original customer requirement for a product and ends with the orders for the raw materials at the lowest BOM level of the BOM structure. If no customer requirements exist for the finished product, but you have created an order for the finished product directly, the structure begins with the order for the finished product. The order structure provides an overview of the orders that are required to produce a finished product or an assembly for a specific requirement. Since the order structure also presents the dependent requirements and orders of the components, you can easily identify orders that have been changed and areas where problems may occur. Order Structure Orders

Structure

Operations

Order/Ressource

Alert.

Ressource...

Load... :82

PldOrd 000000000702

Product MARZIPAN

:08

MIX

Mixer

KNEAD

Kneading maschine

DepReq 000000000702/000002

SUGER

DepReq 000000000702/000001

ALMONDS

Resources off

Integration The system assigns the receipt and issue elements within the order structure using the pegging technique. You can access the pegging structure for a specific order from the order view screen.

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Features The evaluation is presented on a split screen. The upper screen section shows the requirements that exist for the chosen product; the lower section displays the graphic of the order structure pertaining to the chosen order.The order structure contains the following columns: •

Order/resource

This column displays the order categories, such as planned order (PldOrd), dependent requirement (DepReq) and so on, together with the order numbers and the operations of the order. •

Alert

This column contains the traffic light that indicates whether order-related problems have occurred. The red traffic light means that a constraint violation exists, for example, dependent requirements are not covered by an order or can not be covered for the required date. The yellow traffic light means that the order is not required, because there is sufficient stock or receipt elements to cover the requirements of the product. The green traffic light means that there are no problems. •

Resource

This column contains the resources to which the operations are assigned. Using the function key Resources on/off , you can show and hide the required resources and operations. •

Load

This column specifies for how long resources have been loaded. •

Product

The two product columns display the product numbers and descriptions. •

Requirements date/requirements time

This column contains the date and time when the orders are required. •

Availability date/availability time

This column contains the date and time when the product is available. This is usually the end date of the order that supplies the product. •

Quantity/unit

The last two columns contain the product quantities that are procured with the order or are required. •

Pegging quantity

This column displays the quantity of the product that is pegged to a receipt/issue element. The pegging relationship may be either dynamic or fixed. The exact nature of the relationship can be seen on the Process order screen (order view) when you double-click on the product receipt in the tree structure and then choose the Pegging Structure tab. Activities To access the order structure: 1.

Choose Find orders or Planning situation: product from the Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling menu.

The initial screen of the relevant evaluation appears. 2.

Enter the required data on the initial screen, for example, the planning version, product number of product and plant, and choose Enter .

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The order view appears (Process order screen). The tree structure of the selected order is displayed on the left half of the screen. 4.

Choose the Context function key.

The Pegging structure of the selected order appears.

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Converting SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders Use Supply Network Planning (SNP) uses bucket resources and thus does not take sequence constraints into account during planning. The finest level at which you can plan with buckets (time periods) is on a daily basis. Thus, in order to be able to schedule orders precisely (in hours/minutes/ seconds) and to take sequence constraints into account, orders must be planned using Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling . By converting the orders from SNP into PP/DS you can achieve a feasible production plan. Prerequisites • • •

You have maintained a PPM in SNP and an active PPM for PP/DS. All resources are assigned to the model of the target planning version. You have maintained the production horizon in the Global Parameters and Default Values in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning. You can also maintain the production horizon in the SNP screen of the Product Master. The production horizon in the Product Master takes priority over the parameter in Customizing. This prerequisite is not valid for individual order conversions (see below).

Features There are two possible methods of converting SNP orders into PP/DS orders: 1. Individually from the Process order screen. For more information, see Converting Individual SNP Orders in PP/DS Orders. 2.

All SNP orders that have at least one activity that falls in the production horizon. For more information, see Converting SNP Orders in the Production Horizon into PP/DS Orders .

The production horizon is the period in which orders are to be planned using Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling . SNP orders that have at least one activity that falls in the production horizon are converted into PP/DS orders using a report that you start manually. You can define which types of receipts are to be converted. There are three types: •

Receipt from in-house production

•

Receipt from stock transfer

•

Receipt from external procurement

If you would like to convert an SNP order that is outside the production horizon or you would like to convert a specific order in the production horizon before you convert all such orders, you use the individual conversion function on the Process Order screen. Usually, the target planning version is the same as the source planning version; that is, you convert the SNP orders into the same planning version. Conversion within the same planning version for receipts with stock transfer and external procurement, however, only results in a change of the order category. It does not lead to more precise planning, as the receipts are not re-created. Receipts from in-house production, however, are rescheduled in PP/DS and the PPM for the product is re-exploded. You can also convert SNP orders into a different planning version provided that the target planning version is based on the same model as the source planning version. In this case, all types of receipts (from in-house production, external procurement and stock transfer) are re-scheduled in PP/DS. During the conversion, the system plans the order automatically including the dependent requirements, if these components are defined as being automatically planned in the Product Master (PP/DS screen). After the conversion is completed, you can check the Planning Situation for the Product to see that the category for the SNP order has changed to the category for PP/DS according to the categories you have maintained in the Global Parameters and Default Values in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning.

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Converting SNP Orders in the Production Horizon into PP/DS Orders Use SNP orders are not planned in the production horizon as Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling is used within this defined period of time. By converting SNP orders that have at least one activity that falls in the production horizon into PP/DS orders, you can plan orders within the accuracy of a second while taking sequence constraints into account. Prerequisites • • •

You have maintained a PPM in SNP and an active PPM for PP/DS. All resources are assigned to the model of the target planning version. You have maintained the production horizon in the Global Parameters and Default Values in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning. You can also maintain the production horizon in the SNP screen of the Product Master. The production horizon in the Product Master takes priority over the parameter in Customizing.

Procedure 1. From the PP/DS menu, choose Background Planning  Convert SNP -> PP/DS Immediately . The Conversion of SNP orders into PP/DS orders screen appears.



2. Select the types of receipt elements to be converted. There are three types:

3.

−

Receipt from in-house production

−

Receipt from stock transfer

−

Receipt from external procurement

If required, set the following indicators: −

Delete SNP order in source planning version (If you convert into the same version, the SNP order is deleted anyway)

−

Firm PP/DS order

4. Enter the source and target planning versions. 5. If required, enter a Production horizon offset in the section of the screen entitled Conversion horizon. The production horizon is extended into the future by the number of days you define here. 6.

Choose Execute. The receipt elements that are in the production horizon are converted into PP/DS orders.

7.

On the Conversion of SNP orders into PP/DS orders screen, the number of planning objects found appears. Any errors that occurred during the conversion are listed on this screen.

8.

Check the Planning Situation for the relevant products. The category for the SNP order has changed to the category for PP/DS. These categories are according to the settings you have maintained in the Global Parameters and Default Values in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning.

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Converting Individual SNP Orders into PP/DS Orders Use If you would like to convert an individual SNP order that is outside the production horizon or you would like to convert a specific order in the production horizon before you convert all such orders, you use the individual conversion function on the Process Order screen. Prerequisites • •

You have maintained a PPM in SNP and an active PPM for PP/DS. All resources are assigned to the model of the target planning version.

Procedure 1.

Access the Planning Situation for the Product and double-click on the relevant receipt element. The Process order screen appears.

2.

Choose Convert order (this only appears when you are processing an SNP order).

3.

The Convert SNP order into a PP/DS order dialog box appears. Enter the target planning version.

4.

If necessary, select the following indicators: −

Delete SNP order in source planning version (If you convert into the same version, the SNP order is deleted anyway)

−

Firm PP/DS order

5.

Choose Continue. The SNP order is converted into a PP/DS order and is planned automatically. Dependent requirements are only planned if the Automatic Planning indicator has been set in the Product Master (PP/DS screen) for the components.

6.

Check the planning situation for the relevant products. The category for the SNP order has changed to the category for PP/DS. These categories are according to the settings you have maintained in the Global Parameters and Default Values in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning.

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Integration of APO and the R/3 System You can also use APO together with an R/3 System. The APO System, however, only provides planning functions and not functions for executing production, such as backflushing, recording warehouse issues and receipts, and so on. It is therefore necessary to transfer data from the R/3 System to APO. The following objects can be transferred to APO via an interface: Master Data: •

Product master records

•

Plants

•

Vendors

•

Work centers

•

Customers

Transactional Data: •

Sales orders

•

Production / process orders

•

Manual reservations

•

Purchase orders

•

Purchase requisitions

•

Planned orders

•

Stocks, such as storage location stock, sales order stock, special stock, and so on.

You transfer the data before you start working in the APO System in order to produce a consistent planning situation between the two systems. You must also transfer data when changes are made in the R/3 System, such as, after changes are made to planned orders, after converting planned orders and purchase requisitions and so on, in order to avoid inconsistencies. The procedure for transferring objects from the R/3 System into APO is described in the APO - R/3 Integration document. Using APO in Connection with R/3 APO is mainly used for two different purposes: •

APO as a planning system

If APO is used as a planning system for a product, planning may only be carried out in the APO System. The product must therefore be excluded from product requirements planning in the R/3 System. You can do this by entering the appropriate MRP type in the R/3 material master. Planning in APO can be executed automatically or manually depending on the settings you have defined in the APO Product Master on the PP/DS screen. •

APO as an ATP server

If APO is used as an ATP server for a product, planning continues to be carried out in the R/3 System for the product if you perform the ATP check with time series. In this case, material requirements planning is carried out in the R/3 System. If you perform the multi-level ATP check, simulative production planning and detailed scheduling is carried out in APO. In this case, the product must be excluded from material requirements planning in the R/3 System. You can achieve this by setting an appropriate MRP type for the product. Planning in APO for the multi-level ATP check can be performed automatically or manually. You can define this in the APO Product Master. Release 4.0

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Preparing for the Integration of the R/3-System and APO Purpose The process flow describes which steps you have to carry out before you can use the APO in connection with the R/3 System. Process Flow 1.

In the Customizing for APO, define one or several strategy profiles for Detailed Scheduling in the IMG activity Maintain Strategy Profiles:

−

Define one strategy profile for each of the different planning applications. For example, you require a strategy profile for scheduling the orders transferred from the R/3 System, a strategy profile for the orders created in APO manually or automatically and a strategy profile for the simulative planning performed with the multi-level ATP check.

−

Assign these to the individual planning applications in the IMG activity Maintain Global Parameters and Defaults.

2. Define the finished products and materials that you would like to plan in APO with Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling or for which you would like to carry out a multi-level ATP check in APO and exclude the products affected from material requirements planning in the R/3 System. To do this, proceed as follows: −

Define an MRP type in the R/3 System in Customizing for MRP, in the IMG activity Check MRP types by entering the X indicator (without MRP, with BOM explosion) for the MRP type in the MRP procedure field.

−

Enter the new MRP type for these materials in the MRP data of the R/3 material master records.

3.

In the R/3 System, define in the integration model which master data objects are to be transferred to the APO System.

The following master data can be transferred to APO: −

Plants

−

Material master records

−

Customer master records

−

Vendor master records

−

Work centers

4. Transfer the master data to the APO System. The transferred master data is created in APO. The transferred work centers are created as resources in APO. For detailed information on the interface and data transfer, see the APO - R/3 Integration document. 5. Check the master data transferred in APO. 6. Maintain the R/3 material master data in the APO Product Master. You have to complete the following data in the Product Master: −

On the PP/DS screen, define whether the system is to use automatic planning or manual planning.

−

On the PP/DS screen, define whether the APO production process model or the bill of material in R/3 is to be exploded during planning.

7.

Create a production process model for products produced in-house. If you use the R/3 bill of material for the explosion, you have to maintain the operations in the production process model.

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8.


In the integration model, define which planned orders, production orders, purchase orders and so on, as well as which stock you would like to transfer to APO and transfer the data.

Planned orders from R/3 that are to be produced in-house are scheduled according to the setting you have maintained in the strategy profile for the R/3 integration. Note: When transferring the planned orders, no capacity requirements are copied from the R/3 System. Capacity requirements are determined using the operations that you have entered in the production process model.

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Planning with the Multi-Level ATP Check Use When creating a sales order in the connected R/3 System, an ATP check is triggered for the product in question. If the product is not in stock and must firstly be produced, the ATP check calls up Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling in APO (which is carried out in simulation mode) in order to determine a suitable receipt element to cover the requirement. The availability date of the receipt element is then transferred to the R/3 System. Note: Not relevant for Release 1.1 (December 1998) Prerequisites •

You have defined for the product and the necessary components whether the product is to be planned manually (with or without check) or automatically by setting the appropriate indicator in the PP/DS screen of the Product Master.

•

You have defined the respective procurement type for the product and the necessary components in the SNP screen of the Product Master.

•

You have created the alternative procurement options for the product to be checked and the necessary components:

With products produced in-house, you can define alternative procurement options using the production process model by creating different production versions. You define the different sources of supply for external procurement and stock transfer in the Supply Chain Cockpit. •

You have maintained the costs of procurement for every alternative.

With in-house production, you maintain the costs in the production process model. To do this, starting from the Change production process model screen, choose Goto  Costs and enter the fixed and variable costs in the multi-level costs section of the dialog box. •

You have created a planning strategy for the multi-level ATP check that allows forward scheduling in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling, in the IMG activity Maintain Strategy Profiles and you have assigned this strategy in the I MG activity Maintain Global Parameters and Defaults in the Multi-Level ATP field.

Features ATP Check with Manual Planning •

Manual Planning with Check

If you have selected Manual planning with check in the Product Master, the system proceeds as follows during the ATP check: The system switches to forward scheduling and checks whether the requirement for the product can be covered by a receipt element further in the future. You must have already manually defined this receipt element. If no such receipt element exists, the multi-level ATP check searches for alternative procurement options. If there are no alternatives or none of the alternatives are satisfactory, the multi-level ATP result "not available". In this case, you have to manually create an order to be able to cover requirements. •

Manual Planning without Check

If you have selected Manual planning without check in the Product Master, the system proceeds as follows during the ATP check: With this form of manual planning, the system does not search for a suitable receipt element. The product is always considered to be available with this type of planning.

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Automatic Planning If you have selected Automatic planning for the finished product and components in the Product Master records, the system always carries out planning for these products automatically. In this case, the system proceeds as follows during the ATP check: The system searches for a suitable receipt element for the requirements date of the sales order. If there is no suitable receipt element, the system tries to find an alternative procurement option, such as transferring stock from another plant. If there are no alternative procurement options with which the product is available, the system creates an order for each procurement alternative in Production Planning (in simulation mode) and performs backward scheduling. The alternative with the most favorable costs is used. The orders for the remaining alternatives are deleted. If the start date is in the past, the system switches to forward scheduling. In this case, the order for the alternative with the earliest availability is used. The start date of the order is used as the requirements date for the components. The availability of the components is checked for the requirements date. The alternative procurement options are also determined for the components. If there is no suitable receipt element for a component, the system creates an order for the alternative with the most favorable costs. The ATP check with planning is carried out for all bill of material levels until suitable receipt elements have been found or created for all levels. The feasible availability date for the desired product is transferred to the sales order in the R/3System.

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Detailed Scheduling Purpose Detailed Scheduling allows you to schedule production dates for orders and operations at resource level. When scheduling, you can consider delivery dates, available capacity and product availability simultaneously. Planning table A central tool in Detailed Scheduling is the planning table. In the planning table, you can schedule interactively by: •

Rescheduling operations and orders manually using drag and drop

•

Using various scheduling functions that support manual scheduling

•

Changing the planning data for the resources

•

Creating and changing orders

You can use the planning table to: •

Plan predefined resources and products from your area (planning table for Detailed Scheduling )

•

Plan the resources and products related to the order during manual order processing (planning table in Production Planning )

The planning table can be configured. You can therefore adapt it to your special scheduling requirements. Optimization Using the optimization function in Detailed Scheduling, you can optimize your scheduling that you, for example, created interactively with the planning table according to the following criteria: •

Lead times

•

Setup times

•

Setup costs

•

Delays

You can choose various optimization procedures. Integration The Detailed Scheduling component is integrated into the Production Planning component: •

Production Planning uses the scheduling functions and detailed scheduling strategies for Detailed Scheduling when scheduling and rescheduling orders.

•

When you process an order, you can call up the planning table and manually reschedule the orders and operations that were scheduled by the system.

•

Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling is also called up as part of the multi-level ATP check.

Features In Detailed Scheduling , you control the scheduling and rescheduling of orders and operations with the help of detailed scheduling strategies, which you set in a strategy profile, and which you can change at any time in manual order processing and in the planning table. The system determines, based on the strategy settings, if and on which date scheduling is possible, taking into account the due date that you specified in the planning table, for example, using drag and drop. If scheduling is possible, the system schedules the order or operation on this date.

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The system automatically executes the following functions when scheduling and rescheduling: •

It determines the production dates, taking account of the constraints you entered in the strategy profile and in the resources for scheduling.

•

If one constraint states that the relationships between operations and orders are to be considered, the system reschedules, as necessary, all operations and orders affected by the scheduling or rescheduling (propagation of changes).

•

If the setup times of operations at a resource are dependent on sequence, the system automatically adjusts the setup times.

•

If you specified in the strategy profile that certain constraints are not to be considered for scheduling, and these constraints are not adhered to, the system creates alerts that are displayed in the Alert Monitor.

These functions are described in more detail in the following sections. Determining the product dates taking account of the constraints When scheduling, several constraints have to be considered, for example: •

The limited capacity of particular resources

•

The working and non-working times of the resources

•

The product availability

•

The relationships between operations and between orders

In the strategy profile, you specify which of these constraints the system must consider when determining the production dates. If scheduling for one of the resources should only possible on dates with free capacity (finite scheduling), you must specify this as a scheduling parameter for the resource itself. In addition to finite scheduling, you can model in the resources further resource related constraints that the system considers when scheduling. You can specify the following: •

Only one operation can be processed at the resource at any time (single-activity resource)

•

Several operations can be processed simultaneously at the resource (multi-activity resource)

•

•

Activities may only be scheduled at the start of the shift (not relevant for Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999)) The system has to reduce, as much as possible, the gaps in the resource load automatically by shifting the operations (not relevant for Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999)).

Automatic propagation of changes When you reschedule an operation or an order, other operations and orders are affected due to the time relationships and pegging relationships. You can specify in the strategy profile that the system considers the affected operations and orders when rescheduling and, if necessary, also reschedules them. The rescheduling propagates only within your planning area; that is, it only affects orders for particular products and operations at particular resources. Adjusting setup time The duration of the setup activity for an operation can be dependent on the setup status of the resource at the time of rescheduling; that is, it depends on which operation was processed prior to this at the resource. If the following constraints are adhered to, the system automatically adjusts the setup time for an operation: •

In the production process model, you have marked the setup activity of the operation as being dependent on sequence

•

In the production process model, you have entered the setup status of the resource that is necessary to process an operation

•

In the resource, you have entered a setup matrix in which you specified the setup duration for all possible transitions between setup statuses of the resource

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Display of scheduling problems in the Alert Monitor In addition to exceeding the delivery date, other scheduling problems can occur, for example, when you explicitly allow in the strategy profile that certain constraints do not have to be adhered to. For example: •

Capacity overload at the resources

•

Violated time relationships between operations

•

Violated pegging relationships between orders (product shortage)

The system displays alerts for the alert categories categories (scheduling problems) that you specified in the Alert Monitor profile. In addition, you can configure the planning table in such a way that operations and orders in the planning table are displayed differently, depending on the status or other characteristics (for example, due date violation) For more information, see:

•

•

•

Detailed Scheduling Strategies

•

Optimization

Rescheduling Operations and Orders Manually using Drag&Drop •

Scheduling Functions

•

Create and Change Orders

•

Change Resources

•

Displaying Planning Objects and Scheduling Information

•

Settings

Maintain Setup Matrix (Implementation Matrix (Implementation Guide for Production for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling)

Constraints In Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999), you can only display and schedule in the planning table multi-activity and single-activity resources, that is, resources that can be scheduled continually over time. Bucket resources, which are scheduled periodically, cannot be displayed and scheduled in the planning table. Accordingly, Accordingly, you can only display orders for Production for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling in the planning table. It is not possible to display orders for Supply for Supply Network Planning .

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Some more recent changes Calling up the planning table When calling up the planning table in the variable view, you could, until now, only enter in the overall profile general sub-profiles (sub-profiles without Customizing ID) and sub-profiles with the user name as Customizing ID. As of Release 1.1 (Upgrade Package January), you can use sub-profiles with a Customizing ID of your choice, that is, with sub-profiles from other users.

Updating the planning table •

When you update the planning table by choosing Update, all objects are read again, as happens when the planning table is called up, and the display in the planning table is updated.

•

Product stock histograms and resource load histograms are automatically updated when rescheduling manually.

Displaying planning objects and scheduling information •

Operation lists

By choosing Extras  Evaluations you get a list of all operations that are scheduled at the selected resources in the evaluation period. You can select the resources by marking them before calling up the operation list, or you can enter them explicitly when calling up the operation list. •

Product stock histograms

Now you can also define dynamic charts that you can show and hide in the planning table. •

Charts with networks views

You can define for the planning table dynamic charts that can be hidden or shown, and in which the time relationships between operations and the pegging relationships between orders are displayed in a Gantt diagram. •

Detail display of objects using a double click

Now you can go directly to the display by double clicking on the desired object. •

Displaying the current overall profile and the current planning version in the planning table

Now the planning version that you used to call up the planning table is displayed. The current profiles (overall profile, sub-profiles) can be displayed by choosing Settings. Settings .

Optimization Now, when you select resources before calling up the optimization, only the selected resources are transferred to the optimizer.

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Calling Up the Planning Table for Detailed Scheduling Purpose In the planning table for Detailed for Detailed Scheduling , you schedule predefined products and resources from your area. Note: In the planning table for Production for Production Planning , which you can call up while processing an order, you schedule the resources and products related to the order. For more information, see Settings for the planning table in production planning. Prerequisites You specify the settings for the planning table for Detailed Scheduling in Scheduling in an overall profile and in its sub-profiles. For example: •

The planning version with which you are working

•

The resources and products that you or the system may schedule

•

The resources that are displayed in the planning table

•

The evaluation and planning period

•

The configuration and layout of the planning table

•

The alerts that the system displays ffor or scheduling problems

When you call up the planning table, the system constructs the planning table according to your settings in the overall profile, and it loads the corresponding data (resources, products, orders and operations in the evaluation period). For further information, see: •

Settings for the planning table in detailed scheduling

•

Profiles ( Implementation guide for Production for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling)

In the area menu, you can call up the planning table with various overall profiles, that is, with various settings, using the following menu paths:

Detailed Scheduling 

Comments

SET/GET parameter

View 1

For this menu path, the overall profiles are permanently set by SAP.

/SAPAPO/CDPS_VIEW_1

View 2 View 3

Variable view

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/SAPAPO/CDPS_VIEW_2 /SAPAPO/CDPS_VIEW_3

When calling up, you enter an overall profile. You can enter new sub-profiles in the overall profile.

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Procedure 1. Choose in the area menu for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling under Detailed Scheduling the view with which you want to call up the planning table.

View

Result / Further procedure

Views 1 to 3

If no planning version has been entered in the overall profile, the dialog box Enter plan version appears. Enter a planning version and choose Enter. If you have entered in the overall profile for a view that you can change the work area when calling up the planning table, the Display sets for a work area screen appears.

Variable View

The Variable view screen appears. a) Enter the planning version. b) Enter the overall profile with which you want to call up the planning table. If you choose Refresh, the system displays the sub-profiles for the overall profile. If required, you can enter other sub-profiles. c)

Choose Enter .

The Display sets for a work area screen appears.

2.

Change, if necessary, the selection criteria in the sets for the work area by choosing Edit  Change set .

By choosing All views/work area, you can display the selection criteria for the work area. You can save the changed work area. The system saves the work area user-specifically using your user name as the Customizing ID. For further information see: −

Change current settings

Maintain Work Areas (Implementation Guide for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling ) −

3.

Choose Execute.

Result The system calls up the planning table, and you can begin scheduling. All the changes that you carry out in scheduling are immediately effective in the planning version for which you called up the planning table. When you reschedule operations and orders manually, these operations and orders are immediately visible in their new position. Product stock histograms and resource load histograms are also updated automatically by the system during manual rescheduling. In the following cases, you first have to update the planning table in order to see the current scheduling status: •

You create or change an order in the planning table

•

You are working with the planning table in various different modes simultaneously. Changes in one mode only become visible in another mode when you choose update.

•

While you are working with the planning table, the scheduling of the planning version is changed by another application (for example, new orders are created in Production Planning )

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Selecting Objects Use You select objects in the planning table: •

Before you execute scheduling functions; for example, reschedule operations or orders

•

In order to highlight specific information

Activities By choosing Settings Select in the planning table profile or in the planning table, you specify: •

Which objects can be selected in the planning table; for example, only objects in the diagram section, or all objects

•

How the selection is displayed; for example, using colors or frames

You specify the selection color in the planning table profile. How you select and deselect objects is summarized in the following table:

Object

How to select the objects

An operation, a table row

Click on the object.

Operation group, several table rows

Click on the objects, while pressing the SHIFT key.

All objects All objects in the chart in which the cursor is positioned All graphical objects for the selected table rows All table rows for the selected graphical objects

Choose Edit  Select, and then the desired selection function.

The complimentary objects for the selected object All operations and orders belonging to the selected operation or order Highlighted objects Objects

How to undo the selection

Individual operations, table rows

Press the SHIFT key and click on the object.

All objects

Choose Edit



Select



Deselect all.

For more information, see Highlighting Operations and Orders

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Rescheduling Operations and Orders Manually Using Drag&Drop Use If you want to reschedule operations and orders in the planning table, you can shift them manually to another date within the chart using drag and drop. You can reschedule operations on the same resource or to an alternative resource. Note: In Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999), you can only reschedule individual operations or orders, but not operation groups or order groups. Prerequisites •

You can only reschedule operations and orders that are not fixed. •

You set the increments for rescheduling by choosing Settings  Increment, or in the planning table profile. Rescheduling occurs on a grid with the set increments. You can set the increments ranging from seconds to weeks.

•

You specify the scheduling strategies and scheduling sequence for an operation group or order group in the strategy profile or in the planning table.

Procedure 1. Select the operations or orders. 2.

While pressing the SHIFT key and left mouse button, drag the operations and orders to the desired date or, if necessary, drag the operations to the desired alternative resource.

When you shift an operation, the system highlights alternative resources in green. 3.

Drop the operations and orders by releasing the SHIFT key and left mouse button.

Result The system tries to reschedule the operation and orders as close to the desired date as possible, taking into account the detailed scheduling strategies. If you reschedule operations to an alternative resource, the system determines the new operation duration. If the system does not find a scheduling date, it does not execute the rescheduling of the operations or orders. If you specified in the strategy profile that the system must consider relationships between operations in an order or pegging relationships between orders, the system executes, if applicable, the necessary rescheduling of operations and orders to which relationships exist. The system displays scheduling problems in the Alert Monitor. When you manually shift operations and orders, the system automatically updates the product stock histogram and resource load histogram.

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Scheduling Functions Purpose In the planning table, there are several functions, in addition to manual scheduling using drag and drop, that are available to you, with which you can execute certain scheduling steps automatically, or which support you in other ways during scheduling. Features By choosing Functions, you can call up the following scheduling functions:

Scheduling function

Description

Deallocate

You can use this function to deallocate selected operations or orders. After deallocation, the operations or orders are given the status "deallocated". You set this function, for example, if you want to specify the production dates of operations for important orders first, and then later schedule the operations for less important orders. If you have specified in the planning table, for example, that only operations with the status "scheduled" are displayed in the resource chart, the operations disappear from the resource chart. You can, however, define an additional resource chart in the planning table as a pool chart, in which operations with the status "deallocated" are displayed.

Reschedule

You can use this function to: •

Reschedule selected operations or orders automatically (without drag and drop)

•

Schedule deallocated operations or orders again

The system executes the (re)scheduling according to the detailed scheduling strategy. Fix, Undo fix

You can use this function to fix selected operations, orders or resources. By fixing a resource, you fix all operations at this resource. You or the system cannot reschedule fixed operations and orders.

Load alternative resources

You can use this function to load the alternative resources for the selected operations or orders from the production process model into the planning table. You can then reschedule operations to the alternative resources. When you shift an operation or an order using drag and drop, the system highlights in green the alternative resources in the table section of the resource chart.

Optimize

You can use this function to create a schedule that is optimized according to certain criteria, for example, minimal setup time. For more information, see Optimization.

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Change Resources Use You can change the following planning data for the resource in the planning table: •

The working and non-working times

•

The capacity

•

The planning parameters specific to the resource

The changes for the resource are only relevant for the planning version for which you called up the planning table. Activities You call up resource maintenance by choosing Goto.

For more information about resource maintenance, see the Resources documentation.

Create and Change Orders Use You can, at any time, manually create and change orders in the planning table. Activities By choosing Goto, you call up order maintenance.

For more information about manual order maintenance, see the Production Planning documentation.

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Update the Planning Table Use When you reschedule operations and orders manually, these operations and orders are immediately visible in their new position. Product stock histograms and resource load histograms are also updated automatically by the system during manual rescheduling. In the following cases, you first have to update the planning table in order to see the current scheduling status: •

You create or change an order in the planning table

•

You are working with the planning table in various different modes simultaneously. Changes in one mode only become visible in another mode when you choose update.

•

While you are working with the planning table, the scheduling of the planning version is changed by another application (for example, new orders are created in Production Planning )

Activities To update the planning table, choose Update. The system determines the objects to be displayed in the planning table in the same way as when the planning table is called up, that is, using the objects transferred to the planning table; for example, using the resources that you specified in the Work area.

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Detailed Scheduling Strategies Use You use the detailed scheduling strategies to control which rules and standard values the system uses to schedule and reschedule orders and operations, and which constraints it considers for scheduling. The detailed scheduling strategies are relevant for the following areas of Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling :

•

•

Scheduling orders

−

In interactive order processing

−

In automatic requirement planning runs

−

When transferring and scheduling orders from OLTP systems

−

In the multi-level ATP check

Scheduling with the planning table

You can specify, for example, in the detailed scheduling strategies, in which direction the system should search for a scheduling date for an order, or if the system should consider the available capacity. You specify the detailed scheduling strategies in strategy profiles, which you define in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. Using various strategy profiles, you can work with various detailed scheduling strategies in the various areas of Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. Features The following detailed planning strategies are available: •

Forwards and backwards planning, with or without automatic reversal of the planning direction

•

Search for a slot in the resource schedule

•

Insert operations

•

Squeeze-in operations (not relevant for Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999))

•

Adhere to the order sequence (not relevant for Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999))

•

Finite and infinite scheduling (scheduling by either considering or not considering the existing capacity load of the resource)

•

Schedule in non-working times

•

Define the scheduling sequence for the rescheduling of a group of operations or orders

•

Consider the time relationships between the operations in an order (order-internal relationships)

•

Consider the pegging relationships between the orders (product availability)

You can find more information about detailed scheduling strategies in the following sections. Activities You enter the strategy profile that you want to use with the planning table for Detailed Scheduling in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling by choosing Maintain overall profiles. You enter the strategy profiles for scheduling with the planning table for order processing and all other application areas in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning under Maintain global parameters and defaults. You can change the detailed scheduling strategies at any time during the scheduling with the planning table or during interactive order processing by choosing Settings  Strategy.

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Forwards and Backwards Scheduling Use You use the planning direction to control in which direction the system searches for a scheduling date for the operation or order, taking into account the desired scheduling date or availability date. If the system does not find a date, the operation or order is not scheduled or rescheduled. You can, however, specify that in this case, the planning direction should automatically be reversed. The system then tries to schedule the operation or order in the opposite direction, and as close as possible to the desired scheduling date. If this is also not possible, the system does not execute the scheduling or rescheduling. You or the system can specify the desired scheduling date or the availability date as follows: •

You drag the operation or order in the planning table to the desired date using drag and drop.

•

You enter the desired availability date in manual order processing.

•

The system determines the availability dates for the orders in the automatic planning for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling.

Features The options you have for the planning direction are summarized in the following table:

Option

What the system does

Forwards

The system searches in the future in the Detailed Scheduling planning table until it reaches the end of the planning period. This option is currently not relevant for order scheduling in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling .

Forwards with reverse

The system searches in the future until it reaches the end of the planning period. If it does not find a date, it reverses the planning direction and searches in the past until it reaches the start of the planning period. This option is currently not relevant for order scheduling in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling .

Backwards

Backwards with reverse

The system searches in the past: •

In the planning table for Detailed Scheduling until it reaches the start of the planning period

•

In order scheduling for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling until it reaches the current date

The system searches in the past: •

In the planning table for Detailed Scheduling until it reaches the start of the planning period

•

In order scheduling for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling until it reaches the current date

If the system does not find a date, it reverses the planning direction and searches in the future:

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In the planning table for Detailed Scheduling until it reaches the end of the planning period

•

In order scheduling for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling until it finds a date

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Activities Using the offset time in the strategy profile, you can change at any time the start date for the planning period in the planning table and also today's date as the earliest possible scheduling date for an order. You can define a point in time using the offset time: Point in time = Current date/time + Offset time This point in time defines: •

The earliest possible scheduling date for an order in order scheduling

•

The start of the planning period in the planning table, if the point in time is later than the start that was set in the time profile

Search for a Free Slot Use You use this detailed scheduling strategy to specify that the system schedules the operation in the first slot in the planning direction with sufficient capacity. Prerequisites For this detailed scheduling strategy you have to: •

Set the additional indicator Finite scheduling

•

Specify in the resource that it is to be scheduled finitely

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Insert an Operation Use You can use this detailed scheduling strategy to schedule an operation in an existing schedule on (or as close as possible to) the desired date, even when there is no slot, or a slot that is too small, in the schedule on this date. Note: In Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999), the inserting of an operation is only possible with single-activity resources. Prerequisites If you want to use this detailed scheduling strategy, you also have to activate t he detailed scheduling strategy Detailed Scheduling . Features In order to create a suitably large slot for the operation that has to be inserted, the system shifts operations that were already scheduled, taking account of the constraints. In doing so, the sequence of the operations already scheduled is not changed. The date on which the operation is inserted depends on the resource schedule on the desired date, and on the planning direction that you set: •

There is no operation scheduled on the desired date

In this case, the system schedules the operation to be inserted on the desired date. Operations that were already scheduled are shifted, if necessary, as follows: −

When the planning direction is backwards, the operations scheduled before the desired date are shifted into the past.

−

When the planning direction is forwards, the operations scheduled after the desired date are shifted into the future.

•

An operation has already been scheduled on the desired date

In this case the operation to be inserted is inserted, depending on the planning direction, immediately after (when the planning direction is forwards) or immediately before (when the planning direction is backwards) the operation that has already been scheduled. If necessary, the operations that have already been scheduled are shifted, as described previously. If the system cannot create a sufficiently large slot (for example, because constraints would otherwise be violated), all operations remain in their place, and the operation is not inserted.

Squeeze in an Operation Use Squeezing-in is a special variant of inserting operations. In the case of inserting, the system only schedules the operation to be inserted, depending on the planning direction, either before or after an operation that has already been scheduled, and only shifts neighboring operations, which lie in the planning direction, in the direction of the planning direction. However, in the case of squeezing in an operation, the operation is scheduled in any case on the desired date, and the neighboring operations are shifted in both planning directions - the predecessors into the past, and the successors into the future.

Note: This planning strategy is not relevant for Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999).

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Adhere to the Order Sequence Use You use this detailed scheduling strategy to specify that the system should adhere to the sequence of orders at a reference resource. If, for example, the operations for orders A, B and C have the sequence ABC, the sequence at the other resources should also be ABC. You can, therefore, only reschedule operations and orders when the sequence is not violated. Note: This detailed scheduling strategy is not relevant for Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999).

Finite and Infinite Scheduling Use You can specify that the system should consider the existing capacity load on the resource due to the already scheduled operations when determining the scheduling dates. •

If the capacity load has to be considered (finite scheduling), you cannot schedule an unlimited amount of operations for the resource.

•

If the capacity load does not have to be considered (infinite scheduling), you can schedule an unlimited amount of operations for the resource. The resource has an infinitely large capacity.

Prerequisites You specify in the resources whether you are going to use finite or infinite scheduling. You also define in the resources which capacity load the system should interpret as a capacity overload: •

In the case of single-activity and multi-activity resources, there is a capacity overload when two activities overlap for longer than the given time duration.

•

In the case of bucket resources, there is a capacity overload when the capacity requirement exceeds the capacity by more than a given percentage.

Features In the following table, there is a summary of what the system does when you set a finite or infinite detailed planning strategy for a finite and an infinite resource.

Finite Resource

Infinite Resource

Finite Detailed Scheduling Strategy

Infinite Detailed Scheduling Strategy

The system considers the capacity load.

The system does not consider the capacity load.

The system creates alerts in the case of capacity overload.

The system creates alerts in the case of capacity overload.



The system does not create alerts in the case of capacity overload.

The system does not create alerts in the case of capacity overload.

Note: The system only displays alerts for the alert categories that you specified in the Alert Monitor profile.

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Schedule in Non-Working Times Use You can use this detailed scheduling strategy to schedule operations in non-working times for a resource, that is, in times where, according to the factory calendar and the working times and break times, there is no capacity. By using this strategy, you do not have to change the capacity of the resource explicitly when you want to finish an operation after the end of the regular working time, for example, after the end of the last shift. Features By activating Schedule to non-work times, you specify that the same capacity is available in nonworking times as was available in the regular working times immediately prior to this, that is, the resource has the same number of individual resources and the same rate of resource utilization. These capacities are valid until the start of the next regular working time. You can schedule operations at any time. The operations can lie completely or partially in non-working times.

Number of indivdiual resources x resource utilization Regular work time Non-work time

time

Scheduling in non-working times is only possible using drag and drop. In general, the system does not schedule in non-working times when rescheduling using the set detailed scheduling strategies. It does not shift, for example, in the case of the detailed scheduling strategy Insert operation, the neighboring operations into non-working times. An operation that you schedule in a non-working time is automatically fixed. This means that the system cannot shift this operation automatically to a regular working time during the next scheduling. You can only shift this operation again manually using drag and drop. Even when you deactivate Schedule to non-work times in the strategy profile or in the planning table, the operations that you scheduled in non-working times remain fixed. Activities If you want to work with another capacity in non-working times, for example with only three people instead of four, you have to change the capacity of the resource.

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Define the Scheduling Sequence Use You use the scheduling sequence to specify in which sequence the operations or orders for an operation group or order group are scheduled. You can set up the sequence using various criteria, for example: •

Order priority

•

Resource

•

Product number

Consider the Time Relationships Between Operations Use You use this detailed scheduling strategy to specify whether the system should consider the time relationships to the other operations in the order when searching for a scheduling date for an operation. Features The options are summarized in the following table:

Option


Do not consider

The system does not consider the relationships between an operation and the other operations. An operation can therefore be scheduled before its predecessor. If relationships are violated, the system creates alerts.

Only consider in the propagation range

The system only considers the relationships between an operation and the other operations within the propagation range. Relationships to operations at resources outside of the propagation range are not considered by the system. An operation can, therefore, only be scheduled before its predecessor, if the predecessor is at a resource outside the propagation range. When an operation is rescheduled, for example manually, the system tries to reschedule within the propagation range the operations, to which relationships exist, in such a way that the relationships are not violated. If this is not possible, the rescheduling is not executed. If relationships to operations outside the propagation range are violated, the system creates alerts.

Always consider

The system always considers the relationships between an operation and other operations. An operation can, therefore, never be scheduled before its predecessor. When an operation is rescheduled, for example manually, the system tries to reschedule the operations, to which relationships exist, in such a way that the relationships are not violated. If this is not possible, the rescheduling is not executed.

Note: The system displays alerts only for the alert categories that you specified in the Alert Monitor profile.

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Consider the Pegging Relationships Between Orders You use this detailed scheduling strategy to specify whether the system should consider the pegging relationships, that is the product staging dates, to the other orders when searching for a scheduling date for an order. Fixed or dynamic pegging relationships can exist between orders. Prerequisites If the system should consider pegging relationships, you also have to set the strategy profile to consider the order internal relationships, that is, the time relationships between the operations in an order. Features Your options are summarized in the following table.

Fixed Pegging Relationships Option


Do not consider

The system does not consider the pegging relationships between an order and other orders. The system executes the scheduling or rescheduling of an order in any case, even when the result is that pegging relationships are violated, and a product shortage occurs. Orders to which there is a pegging relationship are not rescheduled by the system. If pegging relationships are violated, the system creates alerts when product shortages occur.

Consider, if possible

The system tries to consider the pegging relationships between an order and other orders. The system executes the scheduling or rescheduling of an order in any case, even when the result is that pegging relationships are violated and a product shortage occurs. The system also tries to reschedule the orders to which a pegging relationship exists in such a way that the pegging relationships are not violated. If pegging relationships are violated, the system creates alerts when product shortages occur.

Always consider

The system considers the pegging relationships between an order and other orders. The system only executes the scheduling or rescheduling when it can reschedule in such a way that, for the orders for which pegging relationships exist, no pegging relationships are violated and no product shortage occurs.

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Dynamic Pegging Relationships Option


Do not consider

The system does not consider the pegging relationships between an order and other orders. The system executes the scheduling or rescheduling of an order in any case, even when the result is that pegging relationships are violated, and a product shortage occurs. Orders to which there is a pegging relationship are not rescheduled by the system. If pegging relationships are violated, the system creates alerts when product shortages occur.

Consider, if possible

The system tries to consider the pegging relationships between an order and other orders. The system executes the scheduling or rescheduling of an order in any case, even when the result is that pegging relationships are violated and a product shortage occurs. The system also tries to reschedule the orders to which a pegging relationship exists in such a way that the pegging relationships are not violated. If this is not possible, the system uses dynamic pegging to allocate other orders to the order, which will meet the order's requirements. If this is also not possible, the product availability remains violated. If pegging relationships are violated, the system creates alerts when product shortages occur

Note: The system only displays alerts for the alert categories that you specified in the Alert Monitor profile.

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Navigation in the Planning Table Use In the planning table there are functions that enable you to, for example: •

Target the navigation

•

Change the display area (size, visible section)

Features You can: •

Change the relative size of the planning table section (diagram section/table section, chart/chart)

•

Set the visible time range

The system displays automatically a vertical line for the current date. •

Zoom the planning table

•

Search for table rows

•

Expand the multiple loading for a resource, that is, display it over several rows

•

Highlight operations or orders

You can find more information in the following sections.

Expanding Multiple Loading Use Orders or operations can overlap in a row in the diagram section of the planning table. A resource can, for example, be loaded with several operations at the same time. The system displays multiple loading by underlining the overlapping graphical elements. Note: In Release 1.1 (Upgrade Patch January 1999), the system does not display multiple loading. You can expand multiple loading in the planning table; that is, you can choose a multiple row display. You have two options: • •

Directly in the planning table Automatically, when calling up the planning table

Prerequisites •

SAP sets the color of the line used to highlight the overlaps (red).

•

You specify in the detail screen of the planning table profile whether the system should consider an operation or order that immediately follows another as multiple loading.

Procedure Automatically expand multiple loading Set in the detail screen for the planning table profile ( Change View "Planning table profile": Details ), which you used in the overall profile, the indicator Auto. expand . Multiple loading is then displayed automatically in multiple rows.

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Expand multiple loading directly in the planning table 1.

Select the rows for which you want to expand multiple loading.

2.

Choose Edit



Multiple loading



Expand.

The system displays new rows for the overlapping operations and orders. Result If you want to switch from a multiple row display to a single row display, choose Edit  Multiple loading  Hide.

Zoom the Planning Table Use If you want to see more details or a larger time segment, you can do the following with the planning table: •

Enlarge step-by-step

•

Reduce step-by-step

•

Adjust When adjusting the planning table, you switch between the current display and the display of the overall evaluation period.

Procedure Use Settings



View to choose the required function.

If you want to further enlarge or reduce the planning table, repeat this procedure.

Changing the Relative Size of the Planning Table Section Use You can change the relative size of the charts and the relative size of the diagram section and table section. Sections that are no longer visible can be reached by scrolling vertically or horizontally. Procedure 1.

Place the cursor on the borderline between two screen sections. The cursor changes into a double arrow.

2. Press the left mouse button and move the borderline to the desired position. 3. Release the mouse button.

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Set the Visible Time Segment Use If you want to set a specific date at which the visible time segment in the planning table starts, you do not need to scroll through the diagram section. You can position the time axis on a specific date: •

The date you specify

•

Today's date

•

The starting date of the first graphical object in the row in which you have selected a graphical object or the associated row in the table section

Procedure Use Edit  Position on time scale to move the time axis to the desired date. Note: The system automatically displays a vertical line in the diagram section for the current date.

Searching for a Table Row Use You can search the planning table for table rows containing a specific text. Procedure 1.

Choose Edit



Find .

This opens a dialog box that lists all the table row texts displayed in the planning table. There is one entry in the list for each table row. 2. Select the required entry in the list. You do not need to scroll through extensive lists. You can specify the required table row text or the initial characters of this text in the input line. The list then jumps to the table row text or to the first entry that starts with the entered characters. Note: if you specify a table row text which extends over more than one column, then you must separate the column texts using a blank space and a comma. Result The system displays the part of the planning table with the desired row.

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Highlighting Operations and Orders Use If you want to highlight selected operations or orders in the diagram section of a chart, you can do so by using colors. The objects are allocated colors that are defined by SAP. Procedure Select the operation or the order, and choose Edit  Highlight in color . Result The object is highlighted in color. If you want to remove the highlights, choose Edit



Undo colored highlights .

You can select highlighted objects in order to execute a scheduling function on them (for example, Deallocate) by choosing Edit  Select . For further information, see Selecting Objects.

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Displaying Planning Objects and Scheduling Information Use In the planning table you can display planning objects and scheduling information. The system displays certain information automatically. Activities The objects and information you can call up Object, Information •

Resources

•

Product

•

Orders

•

Operations

•

Network for operations

•

Network for orders

•

Product stock

•

Resource load

Operation lists for the resources

Prerequisite

Procedure Select the object and choose the relevant display function using Goto. You can go directly to the display for an object by double clicking on the object.

You defined a chart for networks in the planning table profile.

Charts for network views are dynamic charts that you show or hide in the planning table by choosing Extras. You show the following as a Gantt diagram:

In the planning table, you defined dynamic (show and hide) or static (permanently displayed) histogram charts for the product stock and for the resource load.

•

Operations and their time relationships, if you previously selected an operation

•

Orders and their pegging relationships, if you previously selected an order

For each resource and each product in the planning table, the resource load and product stock respectively is displayed in static histogram charts. You can show and hide dynamic histogram charts in the planning table by choosing Extras. The resource load curves and product stock curves are shown for the resources and products respectively that you previously selected. You call up operation lists for resources by choosing Extras  Evaluations  Operation lists. In the operation lists, all the operations within the evaluation period are listed that are scheduled at the selected resources. You choose the resources by:

Current profiles

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Selecting the resources before calling up the operation lists

•

Calling up the operation lists and entering the resources explicitly.

Choose Settings.

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Information that the system automatically displays Information

Prerequisites/Comments

Current planning version

Display in the title of the planning table

Scheduling problems in the Alert Monitor

Scheduling problems can occur during scheduling, for example, capacity overload or delivery date exceeded. In the Alert Monitor profile, you define for which categories of alert, that is, for which scheduling problems alerts should be displayed. Alerts are created when the following objects are affected: •

The resources and products in the propagation range

•

The resources that you specify in the work area

•

The objects that you specified in the Alert Monitor profile

You define the Alert Monitor profile in the area menu for the Supply Chain Cockpit . In the planning table, you can call up the Alert Monitor by choosing Extras. •

Operation status or order status

•

Operations or orders affected by scheduling problems

Alternative resources

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Optimization Use You can use the optimization function to schedule the production dates, taking account of the following criteria: •

Maximum delay for an individual order

•

Sum of all delays for the orders

•

Total lead time

The total lead time is the time range from the start of the first operation to the end of the last operation in a schedule. •

Sum of the setup times

•

Sum of the setup costs

The optimization function determines a schedule in which a result as close as possible to the desired result, for example, the minimum setup time, is achieved. The system transfers the optimized schedule automatically to the current planning version. Prerequisites You can only call up the optimization from an application when the master data for the optimization are maintained. You enter these technical settings in Customizing for the Basic settings. Here you enter, for example: •

The network connection to the optimization server

•

The maximum number of users that can work simultaneously on an optimization server

Features Optimization principle The optimization function evaluates a schedule; that is, it evaluates the dates and the sequence of orders and operations, based on the objective function. The objective function is the sum of the weighted optimization criteria. The optimization function tries to reduce the value of the objective function during the optimization run, that is, it t ries to find a schedule in which the value of the various criteria, according to their weighting, are as low as possible. In general, it is not possible to fulfill all the criteria to the same extent. For example, a reduction in the setup time could lead to an increase in the total lead time. Optimization procedure How suitable an optimization procedure is in finding a good solution, depends on the scheduling problem. You can choose between the following optimization procedures: •

Constraint propagation

This procedure is for complex scheduling problems in which many interdependencies and constraints have to be considered, and where it is difficult for the planner, for example, to find a feasible solution by scheduling interactively in the planning table. •

Genetic algorithm

This procedure is suitable for scheduling problems in which the planner is faced with the problem of finding a very good solution, and not just a feasible one. A typical use for this procedure is in establishing an optimal sequence based on the setup of operations. Which optimization procedure and which weighting of optimization criteria you use to obtain good solutions, is dependent on the scheduling situation and the organizational goals. Basically, you decide the quality of the solutions by setting the processing time for the optimization. The rules of thumb are: •

The more time you have, the better the solution will be

•

The more extensive and complex the problem is, the more time you require

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Constraints for the optimization When optimizing, the optimization function considers the following constraints: •

Working and non-working times for the resources (calendar)

•

The capacity of the resources (finite scheduling)

•

Whether the resources can process only one or several activities at a time

(multi-activity resource or single-activity resource) •

The time relationships between operations

•

The pegging relationships between orders

•

The alternative resources from the production process model (PPM)

•

For the setup time and setup cost optimization

−

The setup matrices in the resources

−

The sequence dependency of setup activities (production process model)

−

The setup transition of operations (production process model)

Note: The optimization does not consider: •

The scheduling parameters that you specified in the resources (For example, the automatic reduction of gaps in the resource schedule or the scheduling of an operation only at the start of a shift)

•

The detailed scheduling strategies in the strategy profile

Orders and operations that are rescheduled during optimization The optimization function determines new dates only for orders and operations: •

That lie completely within the optimization horizon, which you specify when calling up the optimization function

•

That are at resources which were transferred into the optimization

When you call up the optimization from the planning table and have not selected any resources in the planning table, the system transfers the resources that you specified in the work area to the optimizer. If you have selected resources in the planning table, these selected resources are transferred to the optimizer. When you call up the optimization from manual order processing, the system transfers the resources on which the order is being processed to the optimizer. •

That are not fixed

All other orders and operations are fixed, that is, they are not rescheduled during optimization. However, the fixed orders and operations determine by their relationships to the non-fixed orders and operations, if and by how much these orders and operations can be shifted during optimization. The optimized schedule is, therefore, adjusted to accommodate the fixed orders and operations. Earliest start date for the optimized schedule Before the optimization, you specify the earliest date on which the optimization function can schedule the orders and operations. You cannot enter an earliest start date that lies in the past.

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Activities When you call up the optimization, you must enter: •

The optimization horizon

•

The earliest start date on which the optimization function can schedule orders and operations

•

The parameters for the optimization

−

Optimization criteria and their weightings

−

The optimization procedure

−

The processing time for the optimization

You can enter these parameters manually or take them from the optimization profile. You define optimization profiles in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling by choosing Profiles. While the optimization is running, the progress of the values for the individual optimization criteria is displayed graphically. The Alert Monitor displays messages created by the system with regard to the network or the optimization during the optimization run. If required, you can start a new optimization run using other weightings for the optimization criteria. The results of the various optimization runs that you execute after calling up the optimization are automatically saved. You can display and compare them at any time. When you return to the application from which you called up the optimization, the system transfers the optimized schedule from the last optimization run into the current planning version. The system automatically executes the necessary rescheduling.

Executing the Optimization Prerequisites •

You are in the planning table or in manual order processing

•

You have maintained the master data for the optimization. You enter the technical settings in Customizing for Basic settings. For example, you can set the following:

−

The network connection to the optimization server

−

The maximum number of users that can work simultaneously on an optimization server

Procedure 1.

When you call up the optimization from the planning table, you select, as required, the resources that you want to transfer to the optimizer.

If you do not select any resources, all the resources that you defined in the work area are transferred to the optimizer. When you call up the optimization from order maintenance, the resources at which the order is processed are transferred to the optimizer. 2. Choose in the planning table Functions



Optimize or in order maintenance Optimize.

You are now in the dialog window Settings for Optimization

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3. Enter the following data:

Data

Description

In screen segment Horizon, the optimization horizon:

The optimization function only determines an optimized schedule for orders and operations that lie completely within the optimization horizon.

Start and finish date, each with date and time In screen segment Optimized schedule, the earliest possible start date for the optimized schedule, with date and time

4.

The optimization function schedules orders and operations no earlier than this date.

Choose Optimize.

The DPS Optimizer screen appears. If you want to display the list of resources transferred to the optimization, press the information button (I). 4. Specify on the tab page Configuration the optimization parameters. You can enter the parameters manually or enter an optimization profile from which the parameters are taken. You can change these parameters and save the profile. 5. Specify on the tab page Optimization in which unit of time the optimization criteria, for example, the setup time, are displayed. 6. To start the optimization run, choose Execute. Result The system executes the optimization. The graphical display on the tab page Optimization shows how the optimization criteria are progressing during the optimization. In the screen segment Objective function parameter , the system displays: •

The First solution found , which are the values of the optimization criteria for the first interim solution that the system determines during the optimization run

•

The Best solution found , which are the values of the optimization criteria at the end of the optimization run

You can change, if required, the optimization parameters and start additional optimization runs. The system collects the results of various optimization runs on the tab page Solution. You can display the weighting of the optimization criteria with which the optimization run was executed. To do this, click on a solution using the right mouse button and choose Characteristics. When you return to the application, the system automatically transfers the solution from the last optimization run to the planning version, and executes the necessary rescheduling. The system displays the optimized schedule in t he planning table.

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Settings Use You use profiles, which you define in Customizing in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling by choosing Profiles, to specify the settings for scheduling with the planning table in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling . When you call up a planning table, the system sets up the planning table according to the settings in the profiles and loads the corresponding data (resources, products, orders and operations). General and user-specific data In Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling, with the exception of the propagation area, there is a distinction made between general and user-specific profile. User-specific profiles have, in addition to the profile name, a user-specific ID - the Customizing ID. This is the generally the name with which the user logs himself onto the system. Activities You can display the current profiles in the planning table by choosing Settings. For more information, see: •

Settings for the Planning Tables in Detailed Scheduling

•

Settings for the Planning Tables in Production Planning

•

Profiles (Implementation Guide for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling )

•

Change Current Settings

Settings for the Planning Tables in Detailed Scheduling Use You specify, using an overall profile, the settings for a planning table in Detailed Scheduling , which you call up in the area menu for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling . For example: •

The planning version with which you are working

•

The resources and products that you or the system can schedule

•

The resources that are displayed in the planning table

•

The evaluation and planning period

•

The configuration and layout of the planning table

You define the overall profile in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling . You can call up in the area menu for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling various planning tables with various overall profiles, that is, with various settings using the following menu paths:

Detailed Scheduling 

Comment

SET/GET Parameter

View 1

The overall profiles for these menu paths are set by SAP. You can set other profiles for the menu paths.

/SAPAPO/CDPS_VIEW_1

View 2 View 3 Variable view

/SAPAPO/CDPS_VIEW_2 /SAPAPO/CDPS_VIEW_3

You enter an overall profile when calling up the planning table. You can enter new subprofiles in the overall profile.

You can display the current profiles in the planning table by choosing Settings.

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Features The overall profile contains several sub-profiles in which the settings are grouped according to a theme. The settings you can enter in the profiles are summarized in the following table. Settings in the profiles Settings

Profile

Planning version with which you are working

Overall profile

Resources and products that you or the system can schedule

Propagation range

Resources that are displayed in the planning table

Work area

Changeability of work area when calling up the planning table in views 1 to 3

Overall profile

Planning period, evaluation period

Time profile

Configuration and layout of the planning table

Planning table profile

Selection and processing of displayed data Detailed scheduling strategies

Strategy profile

Settings for the optimization

Optimization profile

Settings for the Alert Monitor (alert categories, alert situations)

Alert Monitor profile

The objects for which alerts are created in the planning table are the resources and products for the propagation range and the resources that you specify using the work area. In the Alert Monitor profile, you can define additional objects.

Activities Activity

Procedure

Change settings when calling up the planning table or in the planning table

For information, see Change current settings.

Call up profile maintenance (Customizing)

Choose in the area menu for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling Environment  Current settings .

Set other overall profiles for the menu paths Detailed Scheduling  View 1, View 2 or View 3

Choose System  User profile Own data, and enter the desired profiles in the tab page Parameters for the SET/GET parameters (see above).

For more information about settings in the profiles, see: •

Configuration and Layout of the Planning Table

•

Profiles (Implementation Guide for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling )

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Settings for the Planning Tables in Production Planning Use When you manually process an order in Production Planning , you have the choice between two planning tables. In both planning tables, you schedule all objects associated with the order that you are currently processing. When you call up the planning table, the system transfers the order that you are processing to the planning table. The system determines, based on the order, the scheduling objects that are displayed and that can be processed in the planning table. For example: •

The resources from the operations in the order

•

The products from the pegging relationships in the order

You specify all further settings for scheduling with the planning table using profiles, as with the planning table for Detailed Scheduling, which you define in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling by choosing Profiles. Activity You enter the profiles for the planning table for Production Planning in Customizing for Supply Chain Planning by choosing Maintain global parameters and defaults where you also define all other settings for Production Planning . Which profiles you enter into which fields in the screen Maintain global parameters and default values, is summarized in the following table.

Profile Planning table profile

Entry in field •

Order chart

•

Planning table

Comment Specifies the configuration and layout of the two planning tables that you can call up in order processing.

Strategy profile

Manual strategy

Specifies the detailed planning strategy for both planning tables.

Overall profile

Overall profile

The system only uses the following from the overall profile: •

The time profile

•

The optimization profile

The system does not use the following from the overall profile: •

The strategy profile and the planning table profile (see above)

•

The planning version The planning version is defined by the order that you are processing.

•

The work area The objects to be displayed in the planning table are defined by the order that you are processing.

•

The Alert Monitor profile

•

The propagation range

You enter in Customizing the name of the profile only; that is, you do not enter a user-specific, or in the case of general profiles, a blank Customizing ID. When you call up the planning table, the system automatically uses you user-specific profile, that is, the profile that contains as a Customizing ID the user name with which you logged yourself onto the system. If you have not created a user-specific profile, the system automatically uses the general profile with the same profile name. You can display the current profiles in the planning table by choosing Settings.

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For more information about settings and profiles, see: •

Settings for the Planning Tables in Detailed Scheduling

•

Configuration and Layout of the Planning Table

•

Profiles (Implementation Guide for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling)

•

Maintain Global Parameters and Defaults (Implementation Guide for Supply Chain Planning )

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Configuration and Layout of the Planning Table Use You can individually determine the configuration and layout of the planning table in Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling , for example, by: •

Specifying the charts and the data to be displayed in the charts

•

Specifying the colors, forms and font types for the orders, operations and texts in the charts, depending on the information or object displayed

•

Entering the basic technical settings for the graphics, including how the graphics should react when you are working interactively

You specify the settings for the planning table in Customizing for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling. When you call up the planning table, the system uses the settings for the planning table profile that you entered in the overall profile. Note: You specify in the time profile which time period should be displayed in the planning table. Features Charts You can define up to eight charts for the planning table. You can display the following in the charts: •

The position of operations or orders over time

Here you can define various charts. They are differentiated by which objects the operations or orders are allocated to. You can, for example, display operations at resources in a resource chart, and in a product chart, you can display the orders for the products. In addition, you can group operations and orders with particular characteristics in each chart. In this way, you can define a resource chart that displays scheduled operations, and an additional resource chart that displays deallocated operations ( pool chart ). •

Networks

Networks are Gantt diagrams. They display the operations and their time relationships, or the orders with their pegging relationships. You can show and hide networks in the planning table. •

Histograms Histograms show the resource load or the product stock. You can define static histogram charts that are permanently displayed in the planning table. In addition, you can define dynamic histogram charts that you can show and hide in the planning table.

Charts - Configuration Each chart consists of a: •

Title row

•

Table section

•

Diagram section with time scale

The table section and diagram section are configured in rows. The following is displayed per row: •

In the columns of the table section, fields for the chart object, for example, resource name and plant

•

In the diagram section, graphical objects for the actual chart object in the table section (operations, orders, networks or histograms)

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Format of rows and graphical objects You can format rows in the table section and the graphical objects in the diagram section depending on characteristics. You can, for example, specify that a row for a bottleneck resource in the planning table has a red background, or that operations for product X are displayed using a green bar. You can also format the table section directly in the planning table by choosing Settings. Displayed time period and time scale The time period displayed in the planning table is the evaluation period that you entered in the time profile. The evaluation period contains the pre-evaluation period, the planning period and the postevaluation period. The charts in the planning table all show the same time period from the evaluation period. You can shift this time period, for example, by scrolling in all the charts simultaneously. All charts in the diagram section have the same time scale, which is made up of three individual time scales for the pre-evaluation period, the planning period and the post-evaluation period. The scales and formatting (color, font type) of the time scales are preset by SAP. You can change these settings for each chart in the planning table by choosing Settings. If you change the scale of a time scale in a chart, this scale change adjusts automatically the corresponding time scales for the other charts, so that all charts always have the same scale. Activities The most important settings you can enter in the planning table profile are summarized in the following table. Settings for the planning table Planning table objects

Setting

General

Selectability of rows, orders and operations

Chart

Number

Up to 8

Title

Short description of chart

Charts

Comments

•

Resource chart

•

Product chart

•

Order chart

•

Operation chart

Height of chart Automatically hide empty rows Table section

Table title Field selection

Depending on chart

Sorting of columns Dividing line between columns Column widths

Release 4.0

Row format (font, color)

Dependent on displayed information

Table format

Settings in the planning table are changeable

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Settings for the planning table (contd) Planning table objects

Setting

Comments

Diagram section

Displayed object

Depending on chart:

Graphical presentation of the displayed objects and their labeling

•

Operations

•

Orders

•

Histograms (Product stock, resource load)

•

Networks (Gantt diagrams) for time relationships between operations and the pegging relationships between orders

Dependent on the characteristics of the objects

Dividing line between rows Non-working times: Show or hide

When non-working times are shown, they are colored in gray in the diagram section.

Automatically expand multiple loading of resources (multi-row display)

You can also expand the multiple loading in the planning table.

Increments for the date display, scheduling increments

Changeable in the planning table

Vertical orientation lines that are shifted along with the tip of the cursor (Time line) Time scale

Formatting and scale

Only changeable in the planning table

For more information, see: •

Change Current Settings

•

Maintain Planning Table Profiles (Implementation Guide for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling )

Release 4.0

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Change and Save Current Settings Use When you call up the planning table or work in the planning table, you can change and save the Customizing settings. Prerequisites Your system administration sets for the system with which you are working: •

Whether you are allowed to change and save Customizing settings

If saving changed Customizing settings is not allowed, the changed settings are only effective during the current planning table session. •

Whether the changes to the Customizing settings are automatically recorded in a transport request

If required, the system administration can transfer the transport request with the changed settings into another system, for example, from a test system into the productive system. Note: These settings are made in table T000. You can call up table maintenance using transaction SM30. Activities The settings you can change when calling up the planning table or in the planning table are summarized in the following table. The setting and the sub-profiles from which they come are listed. The settings marked with a star (*) can only be changed in the planning table, but are assigned to the planning table profile.

Settings

Sub-profile

Change/Save

Work area

Work area

Changeable when calling up the planning table: •

(only relevant for the planning table that you call up directly in the area menu for Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling )

•

In views 1 to 3, if you set this in the overall profile Always in the Variable view

The Display sets for a work area appears and you can change the selection criteria in the set for the work area. To save the settings, choose Save.

Detailed scheduling strategies

Strategy profile

The Strategy settings dialog box appears.

Offset for the start of the planning period Scheduling increments Selectability of objects, layout for selection Formatting of table section

Changeable in the planning table by choosing Settings  Strategy

To save the settings, choose Save. Planning table profile

Changeable in the planning table by choosing Settings  To save the settings, choose Settings  Save current settings.

Scale and formatting of the time scale* Planning table scale (view)*

Release 4.0

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