Sabiha Gokcen International Airport
Sabiha Gokcen International International Airport Airport (SGIA) is one of the two major airports serving Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey with a population ecee!ing "" million# The new terminal is the worl!$s largest seismically isolate! buil!ing# Steel, the main construction material use! in the project, was mostly provi!e! by Arcelor%ittal#
&ocate! about ' miles northeast of central Istanbul, SGIA has currently an annual passenger capacity of million# G%* Infrastructure, &I%A+ an! %alasian Airport signe! an agreement with the Turkish Government$s %inistry of efence on %arch -. for SGIA etension comple which is a !esign/buil!/operate project# The new integrate! !omestic an! international terminal will serve " million passengers per year for first stage till -", then - million passengers per year capacity with etension of the terminal#
The new terminal buil!ing an! its facilities total construction area is '-, s0uare meters integrate! !omestic an! international terminal buil!ing, a hotel, a new 1I2 terminal an! various other airport facilities#
Seismic esign Accor!ing Accor!ing to the client$s client$s re0uirements re0uirements,, two performance performance levels levels were !efine! !efine! for seismic analysis analysis of the terminal buil!ing# These performance levels are as follows3
"# The buil!ing was !esigne! for 4perational &evel i#e#, no structural an! no non/structural !amage for an earth0uake ha5ar! with a uniform "6 probability of ecee!ance in years, which is e0uivalent to a ha5ar! with a return perio! of 78 years# This earth0uake ha5ar! is commonly known as esign 9asis :arth0uake (9:) or !esign earth0uake in practice#
-# The buil!ing was !esigne! for Structural Imme!iate 4ccupancy for an earth0uake ha5ar! with a uniform -6 probability of ecee!ance in years, which is e0uivalent to a ha5ar! with a return perio! of -,78 years# This earth0uake ha5ar! is known as %aimum ;onsi!ere! :arth0uake (%;:)#
The !esign of a stan!ar! fie!/base! structure that will satisfy the stringent seismic performance obje objecti ctives ves liste! liste! abov above e will will be uneco unecono nomic mical al an! an! infea infeasib sible< le< there therefo fore re it was was !eci! !eci!e! e! to implement a base/isolation system# A seismic base isolation system with energy !issipation capabilities enables shifting=elongation of the fun!amental perio!s of structure an! provi!es a significa significant nt increas increase e in the effecti effective ve !amping# !amping# These two key features features provi!e a significa significant nt re!uction in the seismic !esign forces an! inter/story !rifts of the superstructure, an! hence
re!uce the risk of structural an! non/structural earth0uake !amage# Triple friction pen!ulum !evices were use! to buil! the worl!$s largest seismically isolate! buil!ing# There are ' triple/ friction/pen!ulum isolators that are !istribute! over the entire plan# >ote that, the triple/friction/ pen!ulum bearings, with a theoretical perio! of ' secon!s an! !isplacement limit of '7 mm, is selecte! on the basis of performance an! cost# The effective !amping provi!e! by the isolators is '.6 an! '6 at 9: an! %;: events, respectively#
Structural System The new SGIA Terminal buil!ing is a steel structure with a plan !imension of "? meters by -8meters# The total buil!ing height is approimately '-# meters# The buil!ing consists of 7 stories above an! a basement floor below the isolation plane# Typical floor heights are ? meters at the groun! floor an! meters at the upper levels#
The gravity system of the superstructure is compose! of concrete fille! steel !ecks, composite steel beams an! composite steel columns# The superstructure resists lateral loa!s by a system of steel moment frames through rigi! hori5ontal !iaphragms# The clear span length supporte! by the columns is "? meters in both !irections# All structural members, such as columns an! beams, are built/up members# 2lates were cut in appropriate shapes, an! were connecte! to each other by wel!ing in or!er to constitute re0uire! structural sections# @loor rib beams are ma!e of gra!e S-' steel plates, an! columns an! main beams are ma!e of gra!e S' steel plates# *ib beam layout orientations are change! in every main cell ("?"?m), so all the main beams are loa!e! with same gravity loa!s# The framing for the stairs an! elevators below the isolation plane is suspen!e! from an! brace! by the isolate! super structure above# The concrete compressive strength is selecte! to be ' %pa for composite columns#
The roof system consists of light steel space purlin systems running longitu!inally an! locate! at every . meters an! brace! in the transverse !irection# The purlin has a parabolic curve form with a !epth of "- meters an! ? meters place! evenly net to each other# They are pin/supporte! by the top of the columns at every '- an! 7. meters# 2urlins consist of pipe members which are in gra!e S'# nbalance! snow !rift loa! was taken into consi!eration in analysis !ue to the shape of the roof#
Total structural steel 0uantity is ".,? tones in SGIA new terminal buil!ing# Arcelor%ittal istribution Solutions / *o5ak was the main steel supplier for this project provi!ing majority of steel beams an! plates#