Rule 114 Bail

REVISED RULES ON CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

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2011 Edition

*ule 11+ B,IQ: Defne Bail. A: Under Secton 1:

SECTION 1. Bail defned. – Bail is the security given for the release of a person in custody of the law furnished !y hi" or a !onds"an to guarantee his appearance !efore any court as re#uired under the condi$ons hereina%er speci&ed. Bail "ay !e given in the for" of corporate surety property !ond cash deposit or recogni'ance. (1a) Ano ba yang yang bail? bail? Pyansa! Pyansa! As a general general rule, once a case is fled in cour and here is robable robable cause, cause, he udge "ill issue a "arran. "arran. So sa resohan #a. Paano yan because you are stll resu$ed innocen? Ang a"ag preventve deenton. %ha is "hy i& you are con'iced, ha is already credied as ad'anced ser'ice under diyan is preventve Artcle () o& he *e'ised Penal +ode. Bu ha "ill be oo edious. ou are are already deained, deained, and you are stll resu$ed innocen. innocen. %he remedy is you aly &or bail - you os bail - because bail is, as a rule, a constutonal righ. Q: And "ha is he ri$ary urose o& bail? A: A$erican urisrudence says he urose o& bail is a/ o co$bine he ad$inisraton o& cri$inal ustce

"ih he con'enience o& a erson accused bu no ye ro'en guily0 b/ o relie'e he accused o& i$rison$en, and he Sae o& burden o& #eeing hi$, ending rial.  A$. 2ur. 1/ +an you i$agine "ihou he ro'ision on bail? %here "ill be housands o& eole "ho are already in ail and all a he e3ense o& he go'ern$en. go'ern$en. So, "e ha'e ha'e o co$bine hese "o "o - he con'enience con'enience o& he accused and and he con'enience o& he Sae. 4o", 4o", le us go o so$e olitcal la" basic 5uestons: 6hen here is in'asion or rebellion, he +onstuton +onstuton auhori7es he +o$$ander89n8+hie& +o$$ander89n8+hie& o susend he ri'ilege o& he "ri o& habeas corus. ou can be arresed arresed on susicion ha you are engaged in rebellion e'en i& here is no "arran and here is no case. Q: Are you entled o bail? Does he susension o& he ri'ilege o& he "ri o& habeas corus also carry "ih i he susension o& he righ o bail? A: %ha issue bugged he Sure$e +our se'eral t$es rior o he 1); +onstuton "here he S+ ga'e con
9n he case o& NAVA vs. GATMAITAN, )= Phil. 1;(/ he S+ said, es, he is entled o bail once he case has been fled in cour. A leas > ou o& ) ustces said ha. ery close fgh! fgh! @nce he case is fled in cour, he righ o bail can be a'ailed o&. So, he righ o bail is dieren &ro$ he susension o& he ri'ilege o& he "ri o& habeas corus. Bu "hen ha issue ca$e ou during he $artal la" regi$e, he S+ ga'e a dieren ans"er eh. So, ha issue ca$e ou again in he case o& BUSCAYNO vs. MILITAY COMMISSION 1=) S+*A (;/, GACIA!"A#ILLA vs. $NIL$ 1(1 S+*A C;(/. C;(/. 9s here a righ o bail "hen he ri'ilege ri'ilege o& he "ri o& abeas +orus is susended? susended? Ang sabi ng Sure$e +our, 4@, because because he go'ern$enEs go'ern$enEs ca$aign o suress rebellion $igh be ineect'e. ineect'e. +aured rebels, "ould no doub reoin heir co$rades co$rades in he feld and eoardi7e he success o& he go'ern$en go'ern$en eors o end he rebellion. %ha sounds logical. 2us i$agine, "hy are you susending he ri'ilege o& he "ri? %o arres suseced rebels. Pag naareso, naareso, and hen entled o bail, bali# na na$an sila sa $ga #asa$a nila! Anong #laseng ca$aign io? %ha is he reasoning in he case o& B%s&'yno and "on&e $nr()e. 9 hin# ha debae is already $oo and acade$ic. %here is no" a direc ro'ision in he +onstuton, +onstuton, Artcle  Secton 1 "hich says ha he righ o bail e3iss and is no susended by he susension o& he ri'ilege. %alagang seFled na.

LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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Anoher inerestng inerestng case on bail. %hese are he cases ha croed croed u aGer he 1)) cou dE ea aFe$ aFe$ agains +ory A5uino because so$e o& he *AH susecs "ere deained. Hany o& he$ "ere deained because o& cour $artal charges. charges. %hey "ere charged charged &or 'iolatng 'iolatng $iliary la" ero ero na#a#ulong na#a#ulong sila. So$e o& he$ alied &or bail. Q: Are he sa$e $iliary oIcers &acing charges be&ore a cour $artal entled o bail? A: 9n COMM$N#A#O vs. #$ VILLA (== S+*A =/ he S+ said: 4@, Jhe righ o bail has raditonally no been

recogni7ed and i is no a'ailable in he $iliary as an e3ceton o he general rule as e$bodied in he Bill o& *ighs.K *ighs.K %here is no such such hing as bail bail in he $iliary $iliary.. So, haEs haEs an e3ceton e3ceton o o he general general rule. J%he righ o seedy rial is gi'en $ore e$hasis in he $iliary "here he righ o bail does no e3is.K %he dissener in he case o& Commend'dor is is Abraha$ Sar$ieno. Sar$ieno. Diyan $o $a#i#ia agiging hu$aniarian hu$aniarian la"yer niya. During he t$e o& Harcos, Harcos, he haes he $iliary . Bu he "as he one "ho said ha hey are entled o bail because sabi niya, Jaccording o he $aoriy he righ o bail has raditonally ho been recogni7ed in he $iliary. 9E'e been loo#ing in he bill o& righs and 9 canno fnd ha e3ceton. 6here did he $aoriy ge ha? ou $ean o ell $e he $iliary be&ore are no cit7ens o& he Philiines any$ore?K According o 9sagani +ru7 "ho is he ponene in ha case, J %hey are no entled o bail as a $aFer o& raditon in he $iliary!K Sar$ieno: J4o! 6e are a go'ern$en o& la"s, no a go'ern$en o& raditons.K Hag8isa lang siya, "ala siyang naga"a! urpose and Nature of Bail Lro$ AFy. MuroaEs 4oes/ ,/E*,N0, . CO2*T O3 ,E,-S (C; S+*A ;C1 1))>/ reieraed in 0O ET ,-. . 42/0E BEN4,5IN ,. BON0O-,N A.H. 4o. *%28))81CC, ( 2uly 1))) MND:

* Secton Secton 1, Artcle 999 o& he +onstuton lays do"n he rule ha be&ore con'icton, all

indicees shall be allo"ed bail, e3ce only hose charged "ih oenses unishable by reclusion ereua "hen he e'idence o& guil is srong. 9n ursuance hereo&, hereo&, Secton C o& *ule 11C, as a$ended, no" ro'ides ha all ersons in cusody shall, be&ore con'icton by a regional rial cour o& an oense no unishable by deah, reclusion ereua or li&e i$rison$en, be ad$iFed ad$iFed o bail as a $aFer o& righ. %he righ o bail, "hich $ay be "ai'ed considering is ersonal naure and "hich, o reea, arises &ro$ he t$e one is laced in he cusody o& he la", srings &ro$ he resu$ton o& innocence accorded e'ery accused uon "ho$ should no be in NECITO C. 9I-,*IO S. 42-I,N C. OC,5O III ADH. +ASM 4o. = Dece$ber , (==1/ MND:

JBail JBail is defned defned as he Qsecuri Qsecuriyy gi'en &or &or he release release o& o& a erson erson in cusody cusody o& he la" la".Q By is defniton, bail re5uires ha a erson $us frs be arresed or deri'ed o& libery be&ore be&ore i can can be a'aile a'ailed d o&: %hus, alhough alhough he ostng ostng hereo& hereo& is ana$ ana$oun oun o sub$ission o he urisdicton o& he cour, i resuoses ha he accused is under deenton or in he cusody o& la". la". 9ndeed, i "ould be absurd and incongruous o gran bail o one "ho is &ree. 9n his case, resonden dee$ed i aroriae &or he accused o fle he corresonding bail bonds, e'en "hen he laFer had no ye been arresed arresed or laced under cusody.K



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02I--E*5, /E-OS S,NTOS;*E8ES S. 42/0E C,5I-O O. 5ONTES, Ad$. HaFer 4o. *%28)8) Augus ;, 1))>/ MND: MND:

JLro$ JLro$ he abo abo'e 'e recia recials ls o& he &ac &acual ual and rocedu rocedura rall anec anecede edens ns o& he cri$ina cri$inall cases be&ore he rial cour, i is ob'ious ha he accused fled heir ettons o gran bail and o reduce bail, $oton o reinsae etton o gran bail and urgen $oton o 5uash "arrans o& arress be&ore he cour ac5uired urisdicton o'er heir ersons eiher hrough he eect'e ser'ice and en&orce$en o& he "arrans o& arres or heir 'olun 'oluna ary ry surre surrende nderr, i.e., i.e., be&or be&ore e hey hey "ere "ere lace laced d in he cusod cusodyy o& he la" or oher"ise oher"ise deri'ed deri'ed o& heir libery. libery. Such being so, he rial cour, initally initally, denied denied corr correc ecly ly he etton etton &or &or gran gran o& bail bail bu subse5 subse5uen uenly ly disre disrega garde rded d la" la" and and urisrudence "hen i &a'orably &a'orably aced on he $oton o reinsae reinsae he etton &or gran o& bail and se he $oton &or hearing on  Aril 1))1, directng, &or ha urose he Dear$en o& 2ustce and he @Ice o& he Pro'incial Prosecuor o &or"ard o i he records o& he reli$inary in'estgaton. 9n his urisdicton i is seFled ha a erson alying &or bail should be in he cusody o& he la" or oher"ise deri'ed o& his libery 3333K

P*@BNMH: *uby is charged "ih a caial cri$e. So, no bail. Aya" $ag8surrender $ag8surrender.. Ruso niya bail $una bago surrender. Any"ay, e'en i& you are charged "ih a caial cri$e, you can fle a etton &or bail./ Bu he go a la"yer and he la"yer fled a etton &or bail in his behal&. Q: 9n his case, can *uby aly &or bail? A: 4@. %he S+ said, 6e canno enerain he etton &or bail because *uby is no in cusody! Si$le: "ha is he defniton o& bail? *Se&%r(y +(ven or -e re)e'se o ' person (n &%sody o )'./ )'./ ou ou are e'en a large hen

youEre youEre as#ing &or bail? Surrender frs frs bago #a $a#ahingi ng bail. Harigbasa 's. Nuna, ) Phil. C0 Leliciano Leliciano 's. Pasicolan, 2uly 1, 1)1/ Q: 6ha do you $ean by J(n &%sody o )' K? K? A: *In &%sody &%sody o )'/ $ay $ean

1. (.

hys hysica icall or acua acuall cusod cusody0 y0 or consruct consruct'e 'e cuso cusody dy.. Pader Paderanga anga 's. +A, (C; (C; S+*A S+*A C1/ ,/E*,N0, vs. CO2*T O3 ,E,-S (C; S+*A C1; LA+%S: LA+%S: %his case originaed originaed in +D@. %he accused accused "as "as charged charged o& $urder - non8bailable. So, aya" aya" niyang $agahuli. Pero acually, acually, he "ans o &ace he case ero daa lang $ay bail. Pero roble$a roble$a niya ho" can can he fle a etton &or bail "hen "hen you are no e'en in cusody? 9n cusody, cusody, you ha'e o surrender or you $us $us be arresed. aya aya nga aya" niya yun eh. As $uch as ossible, ag8surrender niya, $eron ng bail. %hen "ha haened?/ e enered he hosial, $ay sa#i da" and and hen his la"yer fled a etton &or bail be&ore he *%+, *%+, J6e are aearing &or he accused accused &or his etton &or bail. 6e "ould li#e o $ani&es $ani&es ha he is righ no" in he hosial. 6ill you lease consider hi$ already in he cusody o& he cour?K Sabi ng cour, J@, leEs roceed.K roceed.K 9SSUM:

9s he accused already in cusody? cusody? +an he cour enerain enerain his etton &or bail e'en e'en i& he "as no arresed, and he la"yer said he "as in he hosial and he cour ne'er bohered o as# a olice$an o go here, chec#, 'eri&y, banayan $o yung hosial untl he ges "ell?

MND:

MS, he is already in he +@4S%*U+%9M +@4S%*U+%9M cusody cusody o& he he la". la". J9 $ay $ay be conceded conceded ha he had indeed fled his $oton &or ad$ission o bail be&ore he "as acually and LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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hysically laced under arres. e $ay, ho"e'er, a ha oin and in he &acual a$bience hereo&, be considered as being consruct'ely and legally under cusody. %hus, in he li#e"ise eculiar circu$sances "hich aFended he fling o& his bail alicaton "ih he rial cour, &or uroses o& he hearing hereo& he should be dee$ed o ha'e 'olunarily sub$iFed his erson o he cusody o& he la" and, necessarily, o he urisdicton o& he rial cour "hich hereaGer graned bail as rayed &or. %he undeniable &ac is ha Paderanga "as by hen in he consruct'e cusody o& he la". Bail in E=,===. *ecords sho" ha HuTo7 had been deained &or o'er ( years "ihou ha'ing been con'iced o& any cri$e "hen he bail "as graned.  5uestoned he gran o& bail. 9SSUM:

9n e3raditon roceedings $ay a oental e3radiee be graned bail "hile he e3raditon roceedings are ending?

MND:

es, i& he is no a
Q: 6ha are he yes o& bail? A: %here are &our C/ yes o& bail under Secton 1:

1. Corporate Surety *e&ers o he ye o& bail, si$ilar o an insurance conrac "hereby a bonding co$any "ill issue a bond in he a$oun f3ed by he cour "hich "ill be &or&eied i& he bonding co$any &ails in is obligaton o "arran co$liance "ih he conditons o& bail. >. roperty Bond *e&ers o a siuaton "here roery is u u by he accused or so$ebody else o "arran co$liance "ih he conditons o& bail. 9& such conditons are 'iolaed, he said roery "ill be sold a ublic aucton and he roceeds hereo&, u o he a$oun o& bail f3ed by he cour "ill be &or&eied in &a'or o& he go'ern$en. . Cash Bond *e&ers o he ye o& bail "hereby he accused or so$ebody else "ill acually deosi he a$oun f3ed by he cour as bail o "arran co$liance "ih he conditons o& bail. 9& hese conditons are 'iolaed, he $oney can be &or&eied. +. *ecogni'ance *e&ers o he ye o& bail "here a erson is released in his o"n cusody or o he cusody o& a resonsible erson. %his ye o& bail is allo"able only in he cases "hen secifc ro'isions o& he la" or he rules allo" i.



14)

2011 Edition

SEC. >. Conditons o he bail; requiremens. – ,ll 6inds of !ail are su!?ect to the following condi$ons@ (a) The underta6ing shall !e eAec$ve upon approval and unless cancelled shall re"ain in force at all stages of the case un$l pro"ulga$on of the ?udg"ent of the *egional Trial Court irrespec$ve of whether the case was originally &led in or appealed to it (!) The accused shall appear !efore the proper court whenever re#uired !y the court of these *ules (c) The failure of the accused to appear at the trial without ?us$&ca$on and despite due no$ce shall !e dee"ed a waiver of his right to !e present thereat. In such case the trial "ay proceed in a!sen$a and (d) The !onds"an shall surrender the accused to the court for ea) Q: So, &or e3a$le in he H%+, you are arresed, naalo #a, you "ill aeal. o" abou ag8aeal $o sa *%+,

"ha "ill haen o your bail? A: %uloy8uloy a rin yan because under aragrah Oa, your bail is eect'e u o he *%+. Q: Anoher e3a$le: na8con'ic #a sa *%+ and you "an o go o he +A, are you stll entled o bail? A: %he ans"er is HABM. %his is one insance "here bail is discretonary. Q: Bu assu$ing ha he cour "ill say, J@, you are entled o bail on aeal.K 6ha haens no" o your

bail? A: %he RM4M*AN *UNM is you ge anoher bail bond because your bail is only u o he le'el o& he *%+. %his is bac# o he 1)C rules. 9n he > *ules, iba na$an - he bail is uloy8uloy u o he +A. 4o", *%+ le'el lang. ou ha'e o as# &or anoher bail bond i& you "an o go &urher o he +A. So, iEs bac# o he C rules no? Q: Paragrah Ob - you "ill aear be&ore he roer cour "hene'er re5uired by he cour or hese rules. 4or$ally, "hen is a erson re5uired by he cour o aear? A: Renerally, A**A9R4HM4% or P*@HUNRA%9@4 lalo na ag con'iced #a. Bu here are ohers &or e3a$le, leEs read *ule 11> Secton 1 Oc: Jc/ %o be resen and de&end in erson and by counsel a e'ery sage o& he roceedings, &ro$ arraign$en o ro$ulgaton o& he udg$en. %he accused $ay, ho"e'er, "ai'e his resence a he rial ursuan o he stulatons se &orh in his bail, unless his resence is secifcally ordered by he cour &or uroses o& identfcaton. 3 3 3 3 3 3K

%ha is one insance "here he cour $ay re5uire his resence. is resence here is no a ri'ilege bu an obligaton. Q: 4o" suosed you &ailed o aear in cour "ihou ustfcaton. Ni#e &or e3a$le, you escaed, you u$ed bail and disaeared? 6ha "ill haen o he case? A: %uloy a rin according o aragrah Oc because ha "ould be a "ai'er o& your righ. Q: Anong a"ag niyan? A: %*9AN 94 ABSM4%9A ursuan o Secton 1C, (nd aragrah, Artcle ( o& he +onstuton. Q: A bail bond re5uired he bonds$en o ay he fne o& he accused, in additon o he usual conditon. 9s his additonal conditon 'alid? A: 4@. %he additonal conditon is 'oid because i $ade he obligaton o& he bonds$en $ore onerous, in 'iolaton o& he constutonal ro'ision ha no e3cessi'e bail shall be re5uired $ay no i$ose additonal conditons because i $igh re'en or render i i$ossible &or he accused o secure his libery during he rial. Bandoy 's. +L9 o& Naguna, 1C Phil. (=/



14*

2011 Edition

Q: A conditon in a bail bond saes ha he suretes do no undera#e o deli'er he erson o& he accused i& he reading o& he senence is osoned o a laer dae, nor do hey consen o such e3ension. 9s his conditon 'alid? A: MS, he conditon is 'alid, because i is no conrary o la" or ublic olicy, and, besides, i lighens he obligaton o& he bonds$en, "hich is allo"able. +onditons resrictng liabiliy on he bond "hen acceed by he cour and no conrary o ublic olicy are 'alid. Peole 's. 6ong Pun, C Phil. ;1/ %he +our has he righ o resric he ra'el o& he accused

*IC,*/O 5,NOTOC 4*. S. CO2*T O3 ,E,-S 1C( S+*A 1C) Hay =, 1)/ *IC,*/O C. SI-E*IO S. CO2*T O3 ,E,-S 1)> S+*A ;= 1))1/ I5E-/, 5,*COS S. S,N/I0,NB,8,N (C; S+*A 1(; 1))>/ MND:

JA cour has he o"er o rohibi a erson ad$iFed o bail &ro$ lea'ing he Philiines. %his is a necessary conse5uence o& he naure and &uncton o& a bail bond. %he conditon i$osed uon ettoner o $a#e hi$sel& a'ailable a all t$es "hene'er he cour re5uires his resence oeraes as a 'alid resricton on his righ o ra'el. As "e ha'e held in Peole '. Uy %uising, 1 Phil. C=C 1)>/. Q. . . he resul o& he obligaton assu$ed by aellee surey/ o hold he accused a$enable a all t$es o he orders and rocesses o& he lo"er cour, "as o rohibi said accused &ro$ lea'ing he urisdicton o& he Philiines, because, oher"ise, said orders and rocesses "ill be nugaory, and inas$uch as he urisdicton o& he cours &ro$ "hich hey issued does no e3end beyond ha o& he Philiines hey "ould ha'e no binding &orce ouside o& said urisdicton.Q 9ndeed, i& he accused "ere allo"ed o lea'e he Philiines "ihou suIcien reason, he $ay be laced beyond he reach o& he cours.K

SEC. D. No release or ranser excep on cour order or bail. – No person under deten$on !y legal process shall !e released or transferred e, %he Dangerous Drugs Ac o& (==( bu "as released &ro$ cusody o& he @9+ Pro'incial 6arden Na$an Hali#ol on he basis o& a +usody *ecei signed by he resonden, Harcos U. Digandang, a rocess ser'er o& he *%+ +oabao +iy. 9SSUM:

6@4 he release "as 'alid?

MND:

4o, he release o& an accused charged "ih a non8bailable oense on he basis $erely o& a +usody *ecei signed by a rocess ser'er is a clear 'iolaton o& Sec. , *ule 11C he release $us be by order o& he cour.

4o", "e go o hese i$oran issues on bail: 0. 6hen bail is a $aFer o& righ0 1. 6hen bail is discretonary0 'nd 2. 6hen bail is no a'ailable. As a general rule, bail is a $aFer o& righ. %ha is a constutonal righ. And Secton C ells us "ha he insances are "hen bail is a $aFer o& righ. B,I- ,S , 5,TTE* O3 *I09T LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


1&0

2011 Edition

SEC. +. Bail, a maer o righ; excepton. – ,ll persons in custody shall !e ad"i7ed to !ail as a "a7er of right with sucient sure$es or released on recogni'ance as prescri!ed !y law or this *ule (a)!efore or a%er convic$on !y the 5etropolitan Trial Court 5unicipal Trial Court 5unicipal Trial Court in Ci$es or 5unicipal Circuit Trial Court and (!) !efore convic$on !y the *egional Trial court of an oAense not punisha!le !y death reclusion perpetua or life i"prison"ent. (+a) Q: So you are charged in he H%+0 no con'icton ye. So you are stll an innocen. Are you entled o bail? A: es, as a $aFer o& righ. Q: Suose you ha'e been con'iced already, &ound guily by he H%+, $aybe senenced o ( years

i$rison$en bu you "ould li#e o aeal o he *%+. 6hile your aeal is going on, can you stll os bail? A: MS. 6heher i is be&ore or aGer con'icton by he H%+, bail is a $aFer o& righ. Q: suose you are charged in he *%+, &or e3a$le ho$icide unishable by reclusion e$oral, are you entled

o bail? A: MS, i is also a $aFer o& righ. Lor as long as he rescribed enaly is no li&e i$rison$en, ereua or deah, i is a $aFer o& righ. So, u o reclusion e$oral i is a $aFer o& righ. So based on he ro'ision o& la", le us ry o ouline Q: 6hen is bail a $aFer o& righ? A: Bail is a $aFer o& righ 1. Be&ore con'icton by he H%+, H%+, or H+%+ Secton C Oa/0 (. AGer con'icton by he H%+ Secton C Oa/0 . Be&ore con'icton by he *%+ o& an oense no unishable by deah, reclusion ereua or li&e i$rison$en Secton C Ob/ C. Be&ore con'icton by he *%+ o& an oense unishable by deah reclusion or li&e i$rison$en "hen e'idence o& guil is no srong. Peole 's. Donao, (nr'/ Under he la", "hen a erson charged in cour &or e3a$le $urder, non8bailable $an yan ba. 6ha is he rocedure under Secton  i& he "ans o os bail? e $us fle an alicaton or etton &or bail. And ha is "hen he rosecuton "ill ha'e o resen e'idence i$$ediaely o ro'e ha he e'idence o& guil is srong. Q: Suose aGer hearing &or he etton &or bail, he cour is con'inced ha he e'idence o& guil is no

srong and he cour said so, "ha haens no" o bail? A: Bail beco$es a $aFer o& righ. Peole 's. Donao, 1) S+*A 1=/ EO-E vs. /ON,TO 1) S+*A 1= MND:

J9& he oense charged is unishable by deah, reclusion ereua or li&e i$rison$en, bail beco$es a $aFer o& discreton. 9 shall be denied i& he e'idence o& guil is srong. %he courVs discreton is li$ied o deer$ining "heher or no e'idence o& guil is srong. Bu once i is deer$ined ha he e'idence o& guil is no srong, bail also beco$es a $aFer o& righ.K S,N 5I02E- S. 42/0E 5,CE/, Aril C, (==;

LA+%S: Md"ardo San Higuel "as charged "ih 'iolaton o& Sec. 1>, Ar. 999 o& *A C(> unishable by rision correctonal hen u$ed bail. is bail bond o& P=,=== "as cancelled and a ne" one "as issued &or P1(=. *esonden 2udge Haceda issued an order grantng he LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


1&1

2011 Edition

Sae rosecuorEs Hoton o +ancel *eco$$ended Bail on he ground ha accused $ay
6@4 he order deri'ed he co$lainan o& his righ o bail?

MND:

es. 6here bail is a $aFer o& righ and rior absconding and &or&eiure is no e3ceed &ro$ such righ, bail $us be allo"ed irresect'e o& such circu$sances. %he e3isence o& a high degree o& robabiliy ha he de&endan is "ill abscond con&ers uon he cour no greaer discreton han o increase he bond ha "ould assure his resence "hen "aned. 9n his case, he rosecuor &ailed o adduce e'idence ha here is a high robabiliy o& he accused u$ing bail ha "ould "arran he cancellaton o& he bail bond. %hus, he udge $ay only increase he a$oun o& bail and no cancel i. B,I- ,S , 5,TTE* O3 /ISC*ETION

W: 6hen is bail discretonary? Heaning, he cour $ay gran bail or $ay no gran bail. A: Secton >: SEC. F. Bail, when discretonar. – 2pon convic$on !y the *egional Trial Court of an oAense not punisha!le !y death reclusion perpetua or life i"prison"ent ad"ission to !ail is discre$onary. The applica$on for !ail "ay !e &led and acted upon !y the trial court despite the &ling of a no$ce of appeal provided it has not trans"i7ed the original record to the appellate court. 9owever if the decision of the trial court convic$on the accused changed the nature of the oAense fro" non;!aila!le to !aila!le the applica$on for !ail can only !e &led with and resolved !y the appellate court. 3333 Q: Suosed you are charged "ih ho$icide. %he $a3i$u$ enaly here is e$oral. ou are con'iced. %he

cour &ound you guily o& ho$icide. 9 senenced you o (= years i$rison$en and you "ould li#e o aeal. +an you as# &or bail? A: MS. W: 6ha "ill he cour do? A: %he cour $ay or $ay no gran. an ang discreton. 4o", he second senence is ne": The applica$on for !ail "ay !e &led and acted upon !y the trial court despite the &ling of a no$ce of appeal provided it has not trans"i7ed the original record to the appellate court. !"ecton #, frs paragraph, second senence$

%his is a re'ersal o& a ruling in he case o& O5OS, vs. CO2*T O3 ,E,-S ( S+*A (1 O2anuary 1, 1)); LA+%S: %he cour con'iced he accused &or ho$icide. So e$oral. %he accused said: Jour honor, "e inend o aeal his case bu $ay "e be as#ed o os bail "hile he aeal is going on. %he cour said, JRraned! Odiscretonary $an!. 6e "ill f3 your bail a P>=,===.K %"o days be&ore, he accused fled a notce o& aeal. AGer fling he notce o& aeal, he alied &or bail "hich "as aro'ed by he cour. 9SSUM:

+an he cour aro'e he bail?



1&2

2011 Edition

MND:

4@, because "hen he accused fled his notce o& aeal, &ro$ ha 'ery $o$en he cour has los urisdicton o'er he case. Daa, inuna $una yung aro'al o& bail bago $ag8fle ng notce o& aeal. 6hen he cour f3ed he bail, he has $us no ye fled his notce o& aeal, so he cour has he o"er o f3 he bail. %he rouble is he i$$ediaely fled a notce o& aeal bago niya ging8os ang bail. So he cour has no $ore urisdicton o aro'e he bail. 9 should ha'e been aro'ed by he +our o& Aeals.

%ha is he ruling in he Omos'. @b'iously, he S+ "aned o change i. %he alicaton &or bail $ay stll be fled and aced uon by he rial cour desie he fling o& a notce - ha is a $odifcaton o& he Omos' ruling Pu"ede, ro'ided i has no rans$iFed he original record. Based on he Omos' ruling, once he notce o& aeal is fled, he rial cour has no $ore urisdicton o ac on he alicaton &or bail. Bu 4@6 under he 4M6 *UNMS, u"ede a e'en i& here is already a notce o& aeal on he &ond(ton ha he records are stll "ih he *%+. 9& he records are already in he aellae cour, you beFer aly &or bail be&ore he +our o& Aeals. 4o" he ne3 senence 9owever if the decision of the trial court convic$on the accused changed the nature of the oAense fro" non;!aila!le to !aila!le the applica$on for !ail can only !e &led with and resolved !y the appellate court. !"ecton #, frs paragraph, las senence 3

%his is also a recogniton and $odifcaton o& he ruling o& @$osa 's. +A, s%pr'. 9n he case o& Omos', he accused "as charged "ih $urder - non8bailable. Bu aGer he rial he cour con'iced hi$ only &or ho$icide, a lesser oense. And ho$icide is bailable - discretonary in he cour. 9& he "as con'iced &or $urder, "ala alagang ag8asa. Bu he "as con'iced &or ho$icide. So he alied &or bail. And he cour graned he bail. And he S+ said he rial cour should no gran bail because he accused is aealing. Lor all you #no" on aeal, he aellae cour $ay reinsae he original charge &or $urder because "hen you aeal, he "hole case is oen &or re'ie". So, because o& he ossibiliy ha he enaly o& $urder "ould be i$osed, hen here should be no bail. %ha "as he ruling o& Omos' vs. CA. 4o", o& course i is no" $odifed in he sense ha, bail could be graned in ha siuaton because he "as charged "ih a non8bailable oense bu &ound guily o& bailable oense. o"e'er, i& here is any cour "hich should gran he bail, i should be he +A and no he rial cour. So hese are ne" ro'isions "hich "ere so$eho" a#en &ro$ he ruling in Omos' "hich is also no" $odifed. %ha is he hisory o& ha ro'ision. Alrigh. 4o" le us go o he second aragrah: 3333 Should the court grant the applica$on the accused "ay !e allowed to con$nue on provisional li!erty during the pendency of the appeal under the sa"e !ail su!?ect to the consent of the !onds"an. (Sec$on F) 3333 %ha is $ore or less an e3ceton o Secton (Oa ha "e already discussed. 6hen you are charged in he *%+ and you os bail, he bail is good u o "hen? %he bail is only 'alid in he *%+. 9& you "an o aeal, and he cour grans bail on aeal, you ha'e o os anoher bail. Bu his ro'ision grans he cour he auhoriy o say, JAlrigh, your bail "hich you osed here "ill contnue.K 4asa cour yan #ung gusong iauloy. Pu"ede rin yun. @#. 6e "ill contnue, subec o he consen o& he bonds$an. %ha is no" he conditon. %he bonds$an $ay say, JDeli#ado na io, ba#a $a8con'ic na io. Ha$aya ba#a lu$ayas na io a u$a#bo, aay na a#o. A#o ang $agbabayad.K Alrigh, le us go no" o he ne3 senence:



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3333 If the penalty i"posed !y the trial court is i"prison"ent e
Alrigh. Ne us go bac# o he basic: 6ha is he urisdicton o& he *%+? %he enaly is  years and 1 day u o deah. 9& he enaly is pr(s(on m'yor o re&)%s(on empor') O yrs and 1 day o (= years yan, sa hrase na yan, bail could be graned on aeal bu i is discretonary. o"e'er, e'en i& he bail is graned he rosecuton ells he cour, *4%d+e, -(s +%y 's o%nd +%()y o -om(&(de 'nd yo% +r'n 5'(). I5' p')' (o e- 5e&'%se -e (s ' re&(d(v(s, or e& or 'ny o -e &ond(tons mentoned (n 6'7 8 6e7, K he cour "ill no" cancel he bail. So bail is discretonary ro'ided i "ill no &all under Oa, Ob, Oc, Od, or Oe. ou are a recidi'is0 you are habiual delin5uen0 you ha'e re'iously escaed &ro$ a confne$en0 you ha'e co$$iFed an oense "hile under robaton, arole or conditonal ardon0 or "hen he circu$sances o& he case indicaes he robabiliy o& , hird aragrah Oa8Oe o& he sa$e

la" because once he case &alls under any o& hese, no bail e'en i& i is a $aFer o& discreton. %a#e noe o& he second insance - bail as a $aFer o& discreton. %he frs insance is "hen bail is a $aFer o& righ - Secton C. 6hen is bail discreton - Secton >. ung Secton C, "alang roble$a, ha is absolue e'en i& you are a recidi'is. +ASM: %he accused "as charged "ih ho$icide, here "as no con'icton ye. And hen bail. e u$ed bail lu$ayas! Bu he "as arresed again. 6hen arresed aly na na$an &or bail. Binigyan na na$an ng bail. AGer a &e" $onhs, layas na na$an. e escaed again. 4ahuli na na$an. And hen he alied &or bail &or he hird t$e. %his t$e, sabi ng udge, JAya" #o na. Because o& your characer, di na u"ede &or u$ing bail "ice already. 9 "ill no gran you bail.K And he 5uestoned i be&ore he cour. 9s he denial o& bail correc because o& he as record o& he accused? %he S+ said 4@ because he bail is a $aFer o& righ. e &alls under Secton C here. 6ala ang con'icton. M'en i& he u$s bail 1== t$es you canno deny hi$ bail &or as long as he cri$e is no unishable by ereua o deah. Sy Ruan 's. A$aro, ;) Phil. ;=0 Peole 's. Alano, 1 Phil. 1)/ Q: 6ha is he re$edy o his #ind o& accused? *e$edy?

A: %aasan $o ang bail. So $ag#ano bail $o dat? P=,===? Alrigh, ngayon P;=,=== na! %ingnan natn #ung aa#bo a yan. Pre'ious abscondence or escae is no a ground &or he denial o& he bail0 i $erely gi'es he cour



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discreton o increase he a$oun o& he bond as "ill reasonably end o assure he resence o& he accused. Sy Ruan 's. A$aro, ;) Phil. ;=0 Peole 's. Alano, 1 Phil. 1)/ 4o", 9 a$ a$used by "ha haened in Secton >. Did you hear he ro$ulgaton o& he o5())o &'se one $onh ago? 9 donE #no" ho" $any "ere con'iced. 9 hin#  or $ore "ere con'iced. @ne o& he$ is a radio$an. 9 #no" "here he hangs around. @ne day be&ore he ro$ulgaton, he is no longer hanging around. e disaeared already, na8a$oy na niya siguro. So$e "ere $iliary $en. %hey "ere con'iced. A leas one o& he$ "as ac5uiFed. Hany "ere con'iced. %he enaly "as re&)%s(on perpe%'. And aGer he rial e'erybody leG, including he con'iced accused. 9 "as 'isitng he ail he &ollo"ing day. %he "arden "as elling $e, J6ha haened o his case? Since yeserday "e "ere e3ectng he con'iced erson o be brough here. +on'iced eh.K So 9 as#ed he fscal #ung anong nangyari dyan because &ro$ "ha "e #no", i& you are &ound guily &or $urder, &or e3a$le, and senenced o re&)%s(on perpe%' on he so, you "ill be sen o ail. *Te9' m%n' ;(nd( p' / Bu hereEs already he udg$en o& con'icton. M'en "hen hereEs stll no con'icton, "hen he e'idence o& guil is srong, your bail "ill be denied. M'en in he $iddle or a he sar o& he case, i& he e'idence o& guil is srong, bail "ill be denied lalo na #ung caial unish$en. o" $uch $ore here "hen here is already a udg$en o& con'icton?! Nogic! si$le logic. And he branch cler# o& cour, 9 hin# you #no" her - AFy. Horales. She called $e u in he oIce. Sabi niya, JAnong nangyari dio? di ba "alang bail yan?K. Sabi #o JesK. 9 "onder ba#i "alang bail. Ba#i hindi i#inancel? ailangan da" i8cancel a ang bail. %ha "as "ha he udge said. Sabi #o, 4@! %he bail is auo$atcally cancelled. %ha is "ha 9 said so. Sabi niya cler# o& cour/, J9 "as ointng o he udge Secton >. Mh sabi niya udge/, 4o. Bail is discretonary because o& his aragrah  - i& he enaly i$osed by he rial cour is i$rison$en e3ceeding  years he accused should be denied bail or bail should be cancelled uon sho"ing by he rosecuton "ih notce o& he accused o& he &ollo"ing. %here&ore, bail could be graned because he enaly is e3ceeding  years.EK %ha i$lies ha bail is discretonary because in Secton >, he heading is JBail, "hen discretonaryK so hindi cancelled. 9 said, J%ingnan $o ang oening aragrah o& Secton > - uon con'icton o& he *%+ o& an oense no unishable by deah, ereua or li&e i$rison$en, ad$ission o bail is discretonary. So iong aragrah , uon  years bu less han ereua. So u o (= years. 6e ha'e o connec aragrah  "ih he frs aragrah. Sabi niya cler# o& cour/, J%his is "ha 9 #no" eh. Since 9 a$ ne" in his ob. 9 canno insis.K Dean 9: JSabihin $o sa udge na nag#a$ali sya. A#o ang nagsabi.K And aGer ( days, inacancel niya udge/. 9E'e al#ed ha udge. e "as $y &riend ersonally. 6hen 9 sa" hi$ sabi #o nag#a$ali #a $an dun ba. Daa yun, on he so. %haEs "hy e'erybody is "ondering ba#i na#aganun yun. 6ell, ha "as his frs e3erience "ih a caial heinous cri$e. Dio siya naiiba eh. eEs no used o rying his #ind. ung sasabihin $ong bail $ay contnue - ha assu$es ha he enaly is abo'e  years bu no $ore han (= years. Pag naging perpe%', "ala na. ung "ala ang con'icton bail could be denied, lalo na ag $ay con'icton na! %he e'idence o& guil is no" srong! 9Es si$le logic. %ha is "hy his ro'ision "ill be ric#y i& "e do no #no" ho" o inerre his rule. *23IN, C92, . C, ,N/ C9IO= Aril 1(, (==; LA+%S: Accused "as con'iced o& esa&a and senenced o suer i$rison$en &or 1(8(= years &or "hich he "as absen during is ro$ulgaton. %he rial cour ordered he cancellaton o& his bail and ordered his aearance be&ore he cour "ihin > days. Lor &ailure o aear, he cour issued a "arran &or his arres o "hich he +A issued a "ri o& reli$inary inuncton. 9SSUM:

6@4 he bail bond o& he accused should be cancelled? LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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MND:

es. Accused has no righ o be &reed on bail ending his aeal &ro$ he rial courEs udg$en since he has been senenced o i$rison$en e3ceeding  years "hich ustfes he cancellaton o& his bail ursuan o he hird aragrah o& Sec. > b/, d/ and e/ o& *ule 11C. Also his ine3cusable non8aearance during he ro$ulgaton o& udg$en 'iolaed he conditon o& his bail and sho"ed he robabiliy ha he $igh
LA+%S: *esonden udge released on bail > +hinese natonals arresed "hile $anu&acuring shabu, citng he rosecutonEs inabiliy o ro'e heir guil "ih srong e'idence due o he non8aearance o& he rosecutonEs "iness. 9SSUM:

6@4 he release "as 'alid?

MND:

4o. 9 "ould ha'e been correc i& only he had aid enough aFenton o he &acors "hy he rosecuton "ere no able o esablish ha he e'idence o& guil is srong. 2udge should ha'e loo#ed ino he reasons &or he non8aearance o& he "iness. EO-E . -,H, @c. (, (==)

LA+%S: Peole assail he decision grantng bail o Pla7a, "ho "as indiced &or $urder, "ihou he conduc o& $andaory hearing o deer$ine 6@4 he rosecutonEs e'idence "as srong. 9SSUM:

6@4 a su$$ary hearing "as needed o deer$ine "heher he accused is entled o bail?

MND:

%he e3ercise by he rial cour o& is discretonary o"er o gran bail o an accused charged "ih a caial oense, deends on "heher he e'idence o& guil is srong. %hus, "hen bail is discretonary, a hearing should frs be conduced o deer$ine he e3isence o& srong e'idence agains he accused. 9n his artcular case here "as no need &or such hearing since he e'idence has already been resened by he rosecuton. -EISTE . C, Harch 1;, (=1=

LA+%S: Ne'ise "as con'iced by he *%+ o& Ha#at &or ho$icide and senence o  yrs. 1 day o 1( yrs, e aealed o he +A, and ending aeal he alied &or bail ending aeal "hich "as denied. Accused clai$s ha in he absence o& any o& he circu$sances in Sec. > Par.  o& *ule 11C an alicaton &or bail by an aellan senenced by he *%+ o a enaly o& $ore han  yrs i$rison$en should auo$atcally be graned. 9SSUM: 6@4 "hen bail is discretonary i should be auo$atcally graned absen any circu$sances $entoned in Sec. > Par.  o& *ule 11C? MND:

4o. Sec. > Par.  o& *ule 11C alies o ( scenarios "here he enaly i$osed on he aellan alying &or bail is i$rison$en e3ceeding  years. %he 1s deals "ih he circu$sances enu$eraed in he said aragrah no resen. %he (nd scenario cone$laes he e3isence o& a leas one o& he said circu$sances. LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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9n he 1s siuaton, bail is a $aFer o& sound udicial discreton, "hich $eans ha, i& none o& he circu$sances is resen, he aellae cour has he discreton o gran or deny bail and i $ay consider all rele'an circu$sances, oher han hose $entoned in Sec. > Par.  *ule 11C, including he de$ands o& e5uiy and ustce0 on he basis hereo&, i $ay eiher allo" or disallo" bail. 9n he (nd siuaton, he aellae cour e3ercises a $ore sringen discreton, ha is, o care&ully ascerain "heher any o& he enu$eraed circu$sances in &ac e3iss and i& does, i has no oher oton e3ce o deny or re'o#e bail ending aeal. 4oneheless, a fnding ha none o& he said circu$sances is resen "ill no auo$atcally resul in he gran o& bail. Such fnding "ill si$ly auhori7e he cour o use he less sringen sound discreton aroach. /I,T2,N . 42/0E 5,N0OT,*, Aril (, (=1= LA+%S: *esonden udge issued a decision "hich &ound boh accused guily o& $urder and senenced he$ o i$rison$en o& reclusion ereua. e also issued a decision increasing heir bail bond &ro$ P;> o P(==. 9SSUM:

6@4 he decision o increase he bail "as roer?

MND:

4o. 9n oenses unishable by reclusion ereua or deah, he accused has no righ o bail "hen he e'idence o& guil is srong. %hus, he accused ha'ing been senenced o reclusion ereua, he bail should ha'e been cancelled insead o& increased.

Su""ary@

*egional Trial Court 1. Prision Hayor *eclusion %e$oral >. *eclusion Pereua 8Deah

:9EN B,I- IS 5a7er of *ight 5a7er of /iscre$on  AGer con'icton Be&ore con'icton 9& e'idence o& guil 4@% S%*@4R Be&ore +on'icton

:hen /enied AGer con'icton i& any o& > circu$sances e3iss Be&ore +on'icton 9& M'idence o& guil is S%*@4R

To /eter"ine :ON the evidence of guilt is ST*ON0 there "ust !e a hearing so ha he rosecuton can resen heir e'idence. 1. (.

9& e'idence o& guil is S%*@4R - udge should DM4 bail 9& e'idence o& guil is 4@% S%*@4R - udge should R*A4% bail

%he udge only has he discreton o deer$ine "heher he e'idence o& guil is srong or no. :9EN B,I- IS /ENIE/ SEC. . Capial o%ense defned . – , capital oAense is an oAense which under the law e) gi'es us a lis o& caial oenses.



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2011 Edition

SEC. . Capial o%ense or an o%ense punishable b reclusion perpeua or lie imprisonmen, no bailable. – No person charged with a capital oAense or an oAense punisha!le !y reclusion perpetua or life i"prison"ent shall !e ad"i7ed to !ail when evidence of guilt is strong regardless of the state of the cri"inal prosecu$on. (a) %his $eans i& he accused is charged "ih a cri$e "hich is unishable by deah, re&)%s(on perpe%', or li&e i$rison$en, here is 4@ BA9N e'en a he sar o& he rial or e'en be&ore udg$en o& con'icton, ro'ided ha he "o (/ conditons are resen. *??? re+'rd)ess o -e s'e o -e &r(m(n') prose&%ton./ Heaning, 4@ BA9N be&ore con'icton. Nalo na ag aGer con'icton! %haEs "hy 9 old her na ia#ia $o Osa udge yung Secton ; - J333 regardless o& he sae o& cri$inal rosecuton.K ou already &ound hi$ guily beyond reasonable doub and senenced hi$ o perpe%', hu"ag $o sabihing @-e ev(den&e o +%() (s no sron+ o" co$e you con'ic hi$?! aan! 8, 4* vs. C, 2une , (==1/ MND:

%he i$orance aFached o con'icton is due o he underlying rincile ha bail should be graned only "here i is uncerain "heher he accused is guily or innocen, and here&ore, "here ha uncerainy is re$o'ed by con'icton i "ould, generally sea#ing, be absurd o ad$i o bail. AGer a erson has been ried and con'iced he resu$ton o& innocence "hich $ay be relied uon in rior alicatons is rebuFed, and he burden is uon he accused o sho" error in he con'icton. Lro$ anoher oin o& 'ie" i $ay be roerly argued ha he robabiliy o& ult$ae unish$en is so enhanced by he con'icton ha he accused is $uch $ore li#ely o aFe$ o escae i& liberaed on bail han be&ore con'icton. ,-E*IO S /E-,;TO**E;8,/,O O@cober 1=, (==;

LA+%S: An in&or$aton &or $urder "as fled a$ong hree ersons, arising &ro$ he deah o& 2un alerio "ho "as sho and #illed in &ron o& his house. An in&or$aton &or arricide "as also fled agains he "i&e, Hilagros. Hilagros fled an alicaton &or bail clai$ing ha e'idence o& guil agains her "as no srong, "hich *%+ graned. Pettoners asser ha he #illerEs lea o& guily o he charge o& consiring "ih Hilagros in he $urder o& 2un indicaed srong e'idence o& guil agains Hilagros. 9SSUM:

6@4 Hilagros is entled o bail?

MND:

4@. Bail is no a $aFer o& righ in cases "here he erson is charged "ih a caial oense or an oense unishable by reclusion ereua or li&e i$rison$en. Artcle 11C, Secton ; o& he *e'ised *ules o& +ri$inal Procedure, saes, J4o erson charged "ih a caial oense, or an oense unishable by reclusion ereua or li&e i$rison$en, shall be ad$iFed o bail "hen he e'idence o& guil is srong, regardless o& he sage o& he cri$inal acton.K 9n his case, he rial cour had disregarded he glaring &ac ha he #iller hi$sel& has con&essed o he cri$e and has i$licaed Hilagros as he $aser$ind. 6hen a#en in conuncton "ih he oher e'idence on record, hese &acs sho" 'ery srongly ha Hilagros $ay ha'e artciaed as rincial by induce$en in he $urder o& 2un alerio. 9 "as hus a gra'e error or a gra'e abuse o& discreton co$$iFed by he rial cour o gran her alicaton &or bail. %he aellae cour clearly co$$iFed a re'ersible error in aIr$ing he rial courEs decision grantng bail o Hilagros alerio. LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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2011 Edition

4o", his is "here lalabas yung alicaton &or bail - Secton : SEC. J. Burden of proof in !ail applica$on.– ,t the hearing of an applica$on for !ail &led !y a person who is in custody for the co""ission of an oAense punisha!le !y death reclusion perpetua or life i"prison"ent the prosecu$on has the !urden of showing that evidence of guilt is strong. The evidence presented during the !ail hearing shall !e considered auto"a$cally reproduced at the trial !ut upon "o$on of either party the court "ay recall any witness for addi$onal e
Di na #ailangang ulitn a. Bu you can add $ore "inesses and $ore e'idence. AGer ha, "e "ill no" deer$ine i& he accused is guily or no guily. an na ang +%() 5eyond re'son'5)e do%5 . 4o", OAFy. +eni7a had a roble$ in Da'ao @rienal. e old $e abou i. An oense is, 9 hin# unishable by perpe%' or higher. %hen ag8hingi ng bail, sabi ng rosecuor, J4o obecton!K Siguro sabi ng cour, J4o obecton? @ sige, gran bail!K %he rosecuor did no resen e'idence. Heaning, he rosecuor ad$is ha he e'idence o& guil is no srong - "ala ng hearing! Pu"ede ba yan? 4@! %he S+ said ha here $us be a hearing. M'en i& he rosecuton "ill no "an o resen e'idence, he cour $us re5uire a hearing. And he cour canno disense "ih he hearing. T2C,8 vs. 42/0E /O5,0,S Ad$. HaFer 4o. *%28)>81( OHarch (, 1))> MND:

JAlhough he Pro'incial Prosecuor had inerosed no obecton o he gran o& bail o he accused, resonden udge should ne'erheless ha'e se he etton &or bail &or hearing and diligenly ascerained &ro$ he rosecuton "heher he laFer "as no really conestng he bail alicaton.K Je should ha'e called a hearing &or he additonal reason o& a#ing ino accoun he guidelines in *ule 11C in f3ing he a$oun o& he bail. @nly aGer sats&ying hi$sel& ha he rosecuton did no "ish o oose he etton &or bail &or ustfable cause e.g., &or actcal reasons/ and a#ing ino accoun he &acors enu$eraed in *ule 11C, sec.  &or f3ing bail should resonden udge ha'e graned he etton &or bail and ordered he release o& he accused.K

Assu$ing na sabi ng rosecuton, *or '&t&') re'son, e ()) no o5=e&./ %he cour "ill stll ha'e o conduc a hearing - #ung ila ang bail. aan! ou stll ha'e o conduc a hearing. ou loo# a Secton ) - Amo%n o 5'() +%(de)(nes. 9n deer$ining ho" $uch is he bail, $ay $ga guidelines eh! So i& "e "ill gran bail, a leas "e "ill ha'e o fnd ou ho" $uch. %hese guidelines $us be $e. So you stll ha'e o conduc a hearing.



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02I--E*5O vs. 42/0E *E8ES 4*. 2anuary 1, 1))>/ MND:

JA hearing, in he naure o& a su$$ary roceeding enailing udicial deer$inaton is re5uired "here he gran o& bail is addressed o he discreton o& he cour. %he rosecuton should be gi'en he ooruniy o adduce e'idence herea aGer "hich he cour should hen sell ou a leas a su$$ary or resu$e o& he e'idence on "hich he order, "heher i be aIr$at'e or negat'e, is based. @her"ise, he order is de&ect'e or 'oidable.K

Heaning, i& you gran or deny bail, $ay cour order yan. ailangang i8su$$ari7e $o ang e'idence. hen you sae "hy you belie'e i is srong or i is "ea#. @her"ise he udge is ad$inisrat'ely liable &or no co$lying "ih he re5uire$en. ,2*I--O vs. 3*,NCISCO (> S+*A ( MND:

9n a hearing &or etton &or bail, aIda'is "ill no suIce. 6inesses $us be resen o est&y. AIda'is "ill suIce only "hen i deer$ines robable case &or he urose o& "heher or no o issue search "arran. %he udge has he ersonal duy o& calling he "inesses one by one o hear he$ &or or re'ie" he e'idence, (.e. aIda'is resened a he fscalEs oIce. Jerily, i "as aen error &or hi$ o base his order grantng bail $erely on he suortng aIda'is aFached o he in&or$aton since hose "ere $erely inended o esablish robable cause as basis &or he issuance o& an arres "arran, and no o conrol his discreton o deny or gran bail in all siuatonsK ,02I**E vs. 42/0E BE-5ONTE @cober (;, 1))C/

MND:

JM'en i& he rosecuton &ails o adduce e'idence in oositon o an alicaton &or bail o& an accused, he cour $ay stll re5uire ha i ans"er 5uestons in order o ascerain no only he srengh o& he saeVs e'idence bu also he ade5uacy o& he a$oun o& bail.K

So #ahi na sabihin a ng rosecuton ha i is no oosing in he alicaton o& he bail, sabi ng S+: Ah, hindi u"edee! %he cour "ill ha'e o as# he rosecuton, "hy are you no oosing? aan! 6heher o gran or deny bail, a hearing is a 1==X re5uisie. @her"ise he order grantng or denying bail is de&ect'e, and he udge $ay lose his ob. B,SCO vs. *,,T,-O Harch >, 1));/ MND:

9n he ligh o& he alicable rules on bail and he urisrudental rinciles us enunciaed, his +our reieraes he dutes o& he rial udge in case an alicaton &or bail is fled: 1/ 4ot&y he rosecuor o& he hearing o& he alicaton &or bail or re5uire hi$ o sub$i his reco$$endaton Secton 1, *ule 11C o& he *ules o& +our as a$ended/0 (/ +onduc a hearing o& he alicaton &or bail regardless o& "heher or no he rosecuton re&uses o resen e'idence o sho" ha he guil o& he accused is srong &or he urose o& enabling he cour o e3ercise is sound discreton Sectons ; and , sura/0 / Decide "heher he e'idence o& guil o& he accused is srong based on he LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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2011 Edition

su$$ary o& e'idence o& he rosecuton Baylon '. Sison, sura/0 C/ 9& he guil o& he accused is no srong, discharge he accused uon he aro'al o& he bailbond. Secton 1), sura/. @her"ise, etton should be denied. %he abo'e8enu$eraed rocedure should no" lea'e no roo$ &or doub as o he dutes o& he rial udge in cases o& bail alicatons. So basic and &unda$enal is i o conduc a hearing in connecton "ih he gran o& bail in he roer cases ha i "ould a$oun o udicial aosasy &or any $e$ber o& he udiciary o disclai$ #no"ledge or a"areness hereo&. A udge o"es i o he ublic and he ad$inisraton o& ustce o #no" he la" he is suosed o aly o a gi'en conro'ersy. e is called uon o e3hibi $ore han us a cursory ac5uainance "ih he saues and rocedural rules. %here "ill be &aih in he ad$inisraton o& ustce only i& here be a belie& on he ar o& litgans ha he occuans o& he bench canno usly be accused o& a defciency in heir gras o& legal rinciles. N,*CISO vs. ST,. *O5,N,;C*2H Harch 1;, (===/ MND:

6hen he enaly rescribed by la" is deah, re&)%s(on perpe%' or li&e i$rison$en, a hearing $us be conduced by he rial udge be&ore bail can be graned o he accused. Absen such hearing, he order grantng bail is 'oid &or ha'ing been issued "ih gra'e abuse o& discreton. 9n arricide, he accused canno be considered an oended ary us because he "as $arried o he deceased. 9n he ineres o& ustce and in 'ie" o& he eculiar circu$sances o& his case, he siser o& he 'ict$ $ay be dee$ed o be an Qoended aryQ0 hence, she has he legal ersonaliy o challenge he 'oid order o& he rial cour.

NeEs go o his i$oran 5ueston: Q: Lor bail o be denied, "ha are he re5uire$ens? A: Under he la":

1. (. .

he e'idence o& guil is srong0 he cri$e is unishable by deah, re&)%s(on perpe%' or li&e i$rison$en0 Obased on urisrudence i& he accused is con'iced in all robabiliy he enaly "ill also be deah, re&)%s(on perpe%' or li&e i$rison$en. So you ha'e o loo# a he robable enaly. %his rincile has been illusraed in he case o& B*,O 4*. vs. BO*4, 1C S+*A C LA+%S: %he accused "as charged "ih $urder - perpe%' o deah - alagang non8bailable yan. %he accused fled a etton &or bail "here he case is ending on he argu$en ha "hen he co$$iFed a cri$e, he "as only 1 years old. e aFached his birh certfcae in he alicaton &or bail. Sabi niya, i& &ound guily, he enaly is auo$atc one 1/ degree lo"er - so, empor'). %he "ors ha "ill haen o hi$ is empor'). %here&ore, bail no" beco$es a $aFer o& righ. 9SSUM 1: 9n he hearing &or bail, should he cour allo" he resenaton o& e'idence o& $itgatng or aggra'atng circu$sances? MND:

4@. Bra'o, 2r. is "rong. 9n he hearing &or a etton &or bail, he resenaton o& aggra'atng and $itgatng circu$sances is 4@% co'ered because i& he cour "ill re5uire he resenaton o& said circu$sances, hen here "ould be a need &or a rial LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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on he $eris o& he case. All he cour has o do aGer he bail hearing "ould be o render a decision. %ha "ould de&ea he urose o& he hearing &or bail. 9SSUM (: 6heher or no Bra'o, 2r. is entled o bail. MND:

MS. Alhough he resenaton o& aggra'atng and $itgatng circu$sances is 4@% allo"ed, he S+ said, o"e'er, "e canno close our eyes o he &ac ha "hen Bra'o, 2r. co$$iFed he cri$e he "as only 1 years old. 4or$ally, "e close our eyes, bu in his case, "e canno close i 5e&'%se -e '))e+ed (. As a $aFer o& &ac, his birh certfcae "as aFached o his etton and he rosecuton D9D 4@% challenge his $inoriy. Since he lea o& $inoriy is already be&ore us and he accused did no challenge i, "e canno close our eyes o he &ac ha e'en i& "e fnd hi$ guily, he enaly o be i$osed "ould no be re&)%s(on perpe%' or deah bu lo"er. Since he pro5'5)e enaly is no deah or perpe%', hen he is entled o bail as a $aFer o& righ.

W: So "ha are he rincile oins o re$e$ber in he case o& Br'vo, 4r> A: %he &ollo"ing: 1. ha in a etton &or bail here should be no e'idence o& any aggra'atng or $itgatng circu$sances. 9 should no be resened in a etton &or bail. %his should be resened during he rial0 (. ho"e'er, desie he &ac ha i should no be resened, i& i is alleged and resened here and he rosecuton did no disue i, he cour should consider i us he sa$e0 and . e'en i& he accused is charged "ih a cri$e unishable by deah, perpe%' or li&e i$rison$en and he e'idence o& guil is srong, i& he pro5'5)e i$osable enaly is less han perpe%', bail beco$es a $aFer o& righ. EO-E vs. C,-O 1 S+*A (= O1))= LA+%S: %hree / eole "ere accused o& $urder &or he deah o& he 'ict$. %he rosecuton reco$$ended no bail. AGer a hearing o deer$ine "heher he e'idence o& guil is srong, he rial cour issued he order grantng bail. %he son o& he 'ict$ "en o he S+ 5uestoning he order grantng he bail o& he accused. 9SSUM:

6heher or no he son o& he 'ict$ has suIcien legal ersonaliy o 5ueston he order grantng bail? 4or$ally, i& here is anyone "ho should 5ueston i, i should be he Solicior Reneral reresentng he eole o& he Philiines/

MND:

6hile he rule is, only he Solicior Reneral $ay reresen he Peole or he Sae in cri$inal roceedings ending in his +our and he +our o& Aeals, he ends o& subsantal ustce "ould be beFer ser'ed, and he issues in his acton could be deer$ined in a $ore us, seedy and ine3ensi'e $anner, by eneraining he etton a bar. As an oended ary in a cri$inal case, ri'ae ettoner has suIcien ersonaliy and a 'alid grie'ance agains he udgeVs order grantng bail o he alleged $urderers o& his ri'ae ettonerVs/ &aher.

So, he case o& C')o "as considered an e3ceton because he is also an aggrie'ed ary - he aggrie'ed artes are he Peole and he &a$ily o& he 'ict$. So in his case, he son is also an aggrie'ed ary. 0O vs. 42/0E BON0O-,N 2uly (, 1)))/ LA+%S: An in&or$aton "as fled agains Bal$ores, e al charging he$ "ih he #idnaing o& Sa$uel Ro. %he case "as resided by 2udge Bongolan. Since #idnaing "ih ranso$ is unishable "ih reclusion ereua o deah, he rosecuton reco$$ended no bail LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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&or he ro'isional libery o& he accused. 6hen rial co$$enced, he rosecuton anel resened is "inesses. AGer heir est$onies, accused Bal$ores fled a Hoton &or A$end$en o& he 9n&or$aton and he Li3ing o& he Bail.K JHoton &or A$end$en o& he 9n&or$aonK "as denied. %he rosecuton oosed he Hoton o Bail. 2udge Bongolan graned he alicatons &or bail. Be&ore he rosecuton could sub$i a Hoton &or *econsideraton, he accused "ere already released. 2udge Benesa "as he one "ho graned he bail, as 2udge Bongolan "as in he hosial. Hoton &or *econsideraton "as denied. 9SSUM:

6heher or no he aro'al o& bail bond "as 'alid or regular

MND:

A bail hearing is $andaory o gi'e rosecuton reasonable ooruniy o oose he alicaton by sho"ing ha e'idence o& guil is srong. %he rosecuton "as caugh o guard in he regular hearing. Prosecuton $us be gi'en an ooruniy o resen is e'idence "ihin a reasonable t$e. 9& he rosecuton is denied such an ooruniy, here "ould be a 'iolaton o& rocedural due rocess. A bail alicaton does no only in'ol'e he righ o& he accused o e$orary libery, bu li#e"ise he righ o& he sae o roec he eole and he eace o& he co$$uniy &ro$ dangerous ele$ens.

So based on "ha "e ha'e gone so &ar, le us no" ry o su$$ari7e he insances under *ule 11C "here bail is a $aFer o& righ, discreton, or is denied. Q: 6hen is bail a 5,TTE* O3 *I09T: A: Bail is a $aFer o& righ 0. Be&ore con'icton by he H%+, H%+, or H+%+0 1. AGer con'icton by he H%+0 2. Be&ore con'icton by he *%+ o& an oense no unishable by deah, re&)%s(on perpe%' or li&e i$rison$en0 'nd . Be&ore con'icton by he *%+ o& an oense unishable by deah reclusion or li&e i$rison$en "hen e'idence o& guil is no srong. %his is because once he cour fnds ha he e'idence o& guil is no srong, bail beco$es a $aFer o& righ. W: 6hen is bail /ISC*ETION,*8? A: Bail is discretonary aGer con'icton by he *%+ o& an oense no unishable by deah, re&)%s(on perpe%', or li&e i$rison$en prov(ded , he case does no &all under he rd aragrah o& Secton > Oa - Oe. W: 6hen shall bail be /ENIE/? A: %he bail shall be denied under he &ollo"ing insances: 0. be&ore con'icton by he *%+ o& an oense unishable by deah, re&)%s(on perpe%' or li&e i$rison$en "hen he e'idence o& guil is srong0 1. aGer con'icton by he *%+ and he enaly i$osed is deah, re&)%s(on perpe%' or li&e i$rison$en. e can aeal bu in he $eant$e, here is no bail0 'nd 2. aGer con'icton by he *%+ "here he enaly i$osed is i$rison$en e3ceeding  years bu no $ore han (= years, and he case &alls under Secton > Oa - Oe. So, recidi'is, or you escaed &ro$ confne$en, or here is undue ris#, ec. ayan! Pagnahulog #a diyan, bail shall no be graned. And his is "here he D%eston o& Hs. Hasee5ueTa "ill co$e in: – Theunishable ?udge whobyissued the warrant or e granted the applica$on &< &moun ocharged bail; guidelines. W:SEC. Hr. K. Peloon "as "ih a cri$e re&)%s(on empor'). "as con'iced bu heshall enaly of !ail here considering pri"arily !ut not li"ited tohe the following factors@ is a reasona!le years or lessa"ount &or insance, are $itgatng circu$sances/ and "ans o aeal o he +A. 9s i a $aFer of the accused to give !ail o& righ(a) or3inancial a $aFerlia!ility o& discreton? andicircu"stance the oAense A:(!) HyNature 'ie" is, is a $aFer o&ofd(s&reton bu e'en i& hese circu$sances recidi'is, ec./ stll bail can be (c) enalty for the oAense charged graned. %ha is he eec. 6hereas, i& he enaly is  years 1 day o (= years and he is a recidi'is, ec., bail shall Character and of the accused no be(d) graned. Bu i& i isreputa$on only  years or less, i $ay be graned alhough i is no a $aFer o& righ. (e) ,ge and health of the accused (f) :eight of the evidence against the accused (g) ro!a!ility of the accused appearing at the trial LAKAS ATENISTA (h) 3orfeiture of other !ail College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it% (i) The fact that the accused was a fugi$ve fro" ?us$ce when arrested and (?) endency of other cases where the accused is on !ail. !ail shall !e r d.


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W: 6hen bail shall be graned, ho" $uch is he a$oun o& i? A: %here are guidelines under Secton ) - $ara$i eh! @& course one o& he &acors is aragrah Oc - enaly &or he oense charged. %haEs "hy he D@2 has guidelines eh na #aag ganio ang enaly, ganio ang i8 reco$$end $o. Bu ha is only one o& he &acors. %he cour can eiher &ollo" he reco$$endaton or raise i or lo"er i because aside &ro$ ha, $ara$i a eh li#e fnancial abiliy o& he accused, characer or reuaton o& he accused, ec. And all hese guidelines "here a#en &ro$ he ruling in he case o& 9NNASMY@* S. ABA4@ (1 S+*A 1(/ ICTO*8 -INE* vs. BE--OSI--O Harch 1=, (==C/ MND: De la +ru7 and Serrano "ere boh charged "ih he oense o& rec#less i$rudence resultng in ho$icide. Alhough er$anenly e$loyed as dri'ers o& N9, i could no be said ha each "as caable o& ostng a cash bail bond o& P>=,=== and P>=,===, resect'ely. 9n f3ing such a$ouns, he resonden aarenly did no a#e ino accoun he gra'iy o& he oense charged and he fnancial caabiliy o& he accused. e hereby "ill&ully disregarded he guidelines under Secton ), *ule 11C o& he 1)> *ules on +ri$inal Procedure, as a$ended, and he (=== Bail Bond Ruide o& he D@2. 9n eec, he 'iolaed he constutonal righ o& he accused o bail, as "ell as he rohibiton agains e3cessi'e bail. 6hile cash bail is auhori7ed under our rules, he oton o deosi cash in lieu o& a surey bond ri$arily belongs o he accused, as can be gleaned &ro$ he language o& Secton 1C, *ule 11C o& he 1)> *ules on +ri$inal Procedure, as a$ended. W: 6ha do you $ean by cororae surey? A: Secton 1=: SEC. 1L. Corporae sure. – ,ny do"es$c or foreign corpora$on licensed as a surety in accordance with law and currently authori'ed to act as such "ay provide !ail !y a !ond su!scri!ed ?ointly !y the accused and an ocer of the corpora$on duly authori'ed !y its !oard of directors. (1La) SEC. 11. 'roper bond, how posed. – , property !ond is an underta6ing cons$tuted as lien on the real property given as security for the a"ount of the !ail. :ithin ten (1L) days a%er the approval of the !ond the accused shall cause the annota$on of the lien on the cer$&cate of $tle on &le with the *egistry of /eeds if the land is registered or if unregistered in the *egistra$on Boo6 on the space provided therefore in the *egistry of /eeds for the province or city where the land lies and on the corresponding ta< declara$on in the oce of the provincial city and "unicipal ass essor concerned. SEC 1>.the (ualifcatons o the suretes in proper bond.to –the Thecourt #uali&ca$ons of sure$es in afailure property !ond :ithin sa"e period accused shall su!"it his co"pliance and his to do so shall !e as follows@ shall !e sucient cause for the cancella$on of the property !ond and his re;arrest and deten$on. (11a) (a) Each "ust !e a resident owner of real estate within the hilippines (!) :here there is only one surety his real estate "ust !e worth at least the a"ount of underta6ing (c) If there are two or "ore sure$es each "ay ?us$fy in an a"ount less than that ea)


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SEC. 1D. )ustfcaton o suretes. – Every surety shall ?us$fy !y adavit ta6en !efore the ?udge that he possesses the #uali&ca$on prescri!ed in the preceding sec$on. 9e shall descri!e the property given as security sta$ng the nature of his $tle its encu"!rances the nu"!er and a"ount of other !ails entered into !y hi" and s$ll undischarged and his other lia!ili$es. The court "ay e of this *ule the accused shall !e discharged fro" custody. The "oney deposited shall !e considered as !ail and applied to the pay"ent of &ne and costs while the e OF/ - an! an ang recogni7ance. @r, insead o& going o ail, *"'y'+ m'n 'n+ m'yor n' doon n' )'n+ d' '9o s' 9'ny'. S(y' d' 'n+ 5'-')' s' '9(n./ +our: *OF. Yo% ()) 5e (n -e &%sody o -e m'yor. F%n+ m'y pro5)em', or 'nytme yo% 're reD%(red o 'ppe'r, yo% 'ppe'r/ And he $ayor "ill ro$ise , *A9on+ 5'-')' d(o. ;(nd( (o ''95o. S'+o 9o (o./ - an ang recogni7ance - "ord o& you "ord or "ord o& a resonsible erson. Para bang characer loan - you borro" $oney, no collaeral and 9 ro$ise o ay you. +redior: JBelie'e a#o sa iyo. our "ord is as good as a securiy. @!K W: 9s recogni7ance ossible in all cri$inal cases? A: 4@. Under he rules, recogni7ance is only allo"ed -enever '))oed 5y )' or -ese %)es. So, i& i is no allo"ed by la" or he rules, hindi u"ede. W: o" do you defne recogni7ance? A: A re&o+n('n&e is an obligaton o& record, enered ino be&ore so$e cour or $agisrae duly auhori7ed o a#e i, "ih he conditon o do so$e artcular ac, he $os usual conditon in cri$inal cases being he aearance o& he accused &or rial. Peole 's. Abner, ; Phil. >, >)/



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%he ne3 5ueston is, "ha are he insances "here recogni7ance is allo"ed by he la" or his *ules? %here are &our C/ insances originaed and as $entoned by he S+ in he 1)); case o& $S"IITU VS. 4OV$LLANOS (= S+*A >;)/. Bu e'en be&ore 4OV$LLANOS ca$e ou, he 1)> *ules says ha recogni7ance is ossible i& allo"ed by la" or he *ules. Ano $an yang *5y )' or -(s %)es/ ? So as early as 1)>, 9 "as already gahering he insances "hen he la" or he rules allo" i. And 9 gahered &our C/. Heron a $an sigurong iba, ero di #o a siguro na#ia. %ha is "hy "hen he case o& 4ove))'nos ca$e ou, tningnan #o - e3acly he 'ery &our! - no $ore, no less. W: 6ha are he insances "hen recogni7ance is allo"ed by he la" or his *ules? A: 9n he case o& $S"IITU VS. 4OV$LLANOS (= S+*A >;)/: 1. Under *A = - "hen he oense charged is &or 'iolaton o& an ordinance, a ligh &elony, or a cri$inal oense, he i$osable enaly &or "hich does no e3ceed  $onhs i$rison$en andZor P(,=== fne, under he circu$sances ro'ided in *.A. 4o. =0 (. *ule 11C, Secton 1, las aragrah: JA erson in cusody &or a eriod e5ual o or $ore han he $ini$u$ o& he rincial enaly rescribed &or he oense charged, "ihou alicaton o& he 9ndeer$inae Senence Na" or any $odi&ying circu$sance, shall be released on a reduced bail or on his o"n recogni7ance, a he discreton o& he cour.K . *ule 11C, Secton (C: J4o bail shall be allo"ed aGer a udg$en o& con'icton has beco$e fnal. 9& be&ore such fnaliy, he accused alies &or robaton, he $ay be allo"ed e$orary libery under his bail. 6hen no bail "as fled or he accused is incaable o& fling one, he cour $ay allo" his release on recogni7ance o he cusody o& a resonsible $e$ber o& he co$$uniy. 9n no case shall bail be allo"ed aGer he accused has co$$enced o ser'e senence.K C. Under PD = +hild and ouh 6el&are Ac/ - in case o& a youh&ul oender held &or hysical and $enal e3a$inaton, rial, or aeal, i& he is unable o &urnish bail and under he circu$sances en'isaged in P.D. 4o. =, as a$ended. *.,. 1L JSM+%9@4 (>. *ighs o& +hildren Arresed &or *easons *elaed o Ar$ed +on
S2*E5E CO2*T CI*C2-,* NO. >L;K LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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*.,. LD SM+%9@4 1. Any ro'ision o& e3istng la" o he conrary no"ihsanding, bail shall no be re5uired o& a erson charged "ih 'iolaton o& a $unicial or ciy ordinance, a ligh &elony andZor a cri$inal oense he rescribed enaly &or "hich is no higher han si3 $onhs i$rison$en andZor a fne o& "o housand esos, or boh, "here said erson has esablished o he sats&acton o& he cour or any oher aroriae auhoriy hearing his case ha he is unable o os he re5uired cash or bail bond, e3ce in he &ollo"ing cases: a/ 6hen he is caugh co$$i\ng he oense in

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because he "as a graduae o& his school. Any"ay 9E$ no in a hurry, 9 "en here. So 9 $e his la"yer and 9 ga'e $y na$e. A%%: *Uy Yo% Ee d(d no see e'&- o-er or ' )on+ tme. F%m%s'>/ DMA4: *I 's =%s p'ss(n+ 5y. E-' 're yo% do(n+ no>/ A%%: *Im pr'&t&(n+ )'. F'r'm(-'n &r(m(n')./ And 9 notced $ara$i siyang helers sa bahay niya. So 9 as#ed hi$, *B' 9'r'm( mo n'm'n+ -o%se5oys>/ A%%: JT-ey 're no -o%se5oys, S(r. T-ey 're ')) '&&%sed/ DMA4: *E-y 're -ey (- yo%>/ A%%: *e&o+n('n&e./ DMA4: *Ano p')' m+' &r(mes n()'>/ A%%: *M%rder, ;om(&(de./ 4a8shoc# a#o!! Paano na#a#uha ng recogni7ance io eh hindi $an u"ede yan because recogni7ance is only ossible i& allo"ed by la" or he rules. Pero nobody is co$laining na$an here. T,B,O S B,*,T,5,N AH 4@. H%28=181C Aril 11, (==(/ LA+%S: %he resen ad$inisrat'e case se$s &ro$ an aIda'i8co$lain fled by %abao charging resonden udge Baraa$an, in his caaciy as actng residing udge o& H%++, Branch 1 o& Hara"i +iy "ih gross ignorance o& he la" and gra'e abuse o& discreton. +o$lainan %abao is he ri'ae co$lainan in a cri$inal case &or abandon$en o& $inor. 9 aears ha resonden udge Baraa$an issued an order grantng he $oton &or bail on recogni7ance fle by he &aher or he accused. %he $oton o& he rosecuton o cance bail on he ground ha accused is a +PA and can aord o os cash bond "as denied by resonden udge in an order satng ha he la", in a allo"ing bail on recogni7ance does no distnguish "heher an accused is rich or oor. +o$lainan a'ers ha resonden udge co$$iFed gra'e abuse o& discreton in grantng he $oton &or bail on recogni7ance because 1/ i "as fled no by he accused bu by his &aher, adi usoh %abao0 (/ he rosecuor "as no &urnished a coy o& he $oton and here "as no hearing conduced0 / i lac#ed he s"orn sae$en o& he accused signed in he resence o& "o "inesses. 9n his co$$en, he resonden udge alleges ha he cri$e o& abandon$en o& a $inor is co'ered by he *ules on Su$$ary Procedure and hence bail on recogni7ance is no re5uired as he cour can i$$ediaely arraign and ry he accused0 ha i& he "ere he actng udge "hen he cri$inal case "as fled, he "ould no issue a "arran o& arrs bu orderC heC i$$ediae arraign$en and rial o& he case and here "ould be no need o discuss he $aFer on bail. MND:

*esonden udge does no deny ha he accused in he said cri$inal case "as a large "hen he $oton &or bail on recogni7ance "as fled and subse5uenly graned. Bail is a securiy gi'en &or he release o& a erson in cusody o& he la". Secton 1> o& *ule 11C o& he *e'ised *ules o& +ri$inal Procedure ro'ides ha he cour $ay release a erson in cusody on his o"n recogni7ance or ha o& resonsible erson. 9 is a basic rincile ha bail is inended o obain ro'isional libery and canno be graned be&ore cusody o& an accused has been ac5uired by he udicial auhorites by his arres or 'olunary surrender. 9 is sel&8e'iden ha a cour canno gran ro'isional libery o one "ho is acually in he enoy$en o& his libery &or i "ould be incongruous o gi'e &reedo$ o one "ho is &ree. %hus, he Sure$e cour held ha i is re$aure o fle a $oton &or bail &or so$eone "hose libery has ye o be curailed. 9n he case a bar, resonden udge "as &ully cogni7an ha he cour had nbo> ye ac5uired urisdicton o'er he erson o& he accused "ho "as stll a large and ye, he enerained and graned his $oton &or bail. 9n doing so, resonden udge 'iolaed a ene in cri$inal rocedure "his is oo basic as o constue gross ignorance o& he la".

SEC. 1. Bail, when no required; reduced bail or recogni+ance. – No !ail shall !e re#uired when the law or these *ules so provide. :hen a person has !een in custody for a period e#ual to or "ore than the possi!le "a

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NeEs go &urher. As a general rule, "hen he cri$inal case is fled, here "ill be "arran o& arres. 9& here is "arran o& arres, here $us be a bail eiher in cash or recogni7ance. Bu Secton 1 ro'ides ha no bail shall be re5uired "hen he la" or hese *ules so ro'ide. %his is no" he 5ueston: W: 6ha are he insances "here desie he endency o& he cri$inal case, he accused is no re5uired o os bail? Heaning, he is e3e$ &ro$ u\ng u a bail bond because he la" or he rules says so. A: %he &ollo"ing are he insances: 1. Under *A = - "hen he i$osable enaly is  $onhs or less under he conditons $entoned herein0 (. 6hen he cri$e is co'ered by he Su$$ary *ules under Secton 1 o& *ule 11C. 6hen a case is fled under he Su$$ary *ules, a $ere notce is suIcien. 4o need o& a "arran o& arres. . Secton ) Ob o& *ule 11( his is a ne" senence/: J3 3 3 3 o"e'er, i& he udge is satsfed ha here is no necessiy &or lacing he accused under cusody, he $ay issue su$$ons insead o& a "arran o& arres.K So, he cour is satsfed ha here is no need o issue a "arran o& arres $aybe because he cour belie'es ha you "ill no run a"ay. 9n eec, no bail shall be re5uired. SEC. 1. Bail, where fled. – (a) Bail in the a"ount &
Secton 1; is anoher i$oran ro'ision on "here o fle he bail. 4or$ally, you fle he bail be&ore he sa$e cour "here you case is ending. Bu i& he udge is no around, under aragrah Oa, u"ede $an any *%+ udge, H%+ udge, ec. W: Suose your case is in Da'ao and you are arresed in Hanila, can you os bail in Hanila? A: MS because i "ould be 'ery edious i& you "ill be arresed and brough bac# in Da'ao us o os bail. And under aragrah Oa, i $ay be fled "ih any *%+ o& such lace. And o& course, he udge here "ill acce he bail and rans$i e'eryhing o Da'ao. W: 6ha are he insances "here he accused is only allo"ed o os bail be&ore he 'ery sa$e cour "here he case is ending? A: Under aragrah Ob, he &ollo"ing are he insances: LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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2011 Edition

1. i& you see# o be released on recogni7ance, no oher udge can gran i oher han he udge "here your case is ending0 (. "hen bail is a $aFer o& discreton. Lor e?'mp)e: Hs. %or$on is accused o& a caial oense and she "ould li#e o fle a etton &or bail because he e'idence o& guil is no srong, ha should be decided by he 'ery cour "here her case is ending. W: 9s he H%+ entled o enerain a etton &or bail? A: MS W: 6ha are he insances "hen a H%+ is entled o enerain alicatons &or bail? A: %he &ollo"ing are he insances: 1. Under aragrah Ob, he alicaton $ay be fled in he cour "here he case is ending, "heher on reli$inary in'estgaton, rial, or aeal. 6ih his ro'ision, i "ould see$ u"ede0 (. H%+ can enerain ettons &or bail in &'ses no &o+n('5)e 5y ( fled be&ore i &or uroses o& reli$inary in'estgaton. %ha is "hy in one case he S+ held ha in&erior cours H%+/ can enerain alicatons &or bail in caial oenses 's 'n (n&(den o is o"er o conduc reli$inary in'estgaton. Hanigbas 's. Nuna, ) Phil. C/0 'nd 6Noe: AH 4o. =>88(8S+8 H%+ udges are no auhori7ed o conduc reli$inary in'estgaton any$ore . Secton > o& he 2udiciary la" Secial urisdicton o& he H%+/ -he H%+ $ay hear and decide ettons &or a "ri o& -'5e's &orp%s or alicatons &or bail in he absence o& ANN he *%+ udges. NeEs go no" o he las aragrah o& Secton 1;: M,ny person in custody who is not yet charged in court "ay apply for !ail with any court in the province city or "unicipality where he is held. %his is one ro'ision ha has sunned so $any: ho" can a erson be in cusody "hen he is no ye charged in cour? e is already in cusody ero "ala a $ang #aso? 6ha is cone$laed under he las aragrah o& Secton 1; is *ule 11( Secton ; on 94WUMS% reli$inary in'estgaton - "hen a erson is la"&ully arresed "ihou a "arran, he "ill be deained i$$ediaely "ihou reli$inary in'estgaton. Bu i& he de$ands a reli$inary in'estgaton, he can ge i bu he $us "ai'e he eecs o& Artcle 1(> o& he *P+. Secton ;, *ule 11(, las senence o& second aragrah ro'ides: *No(-s'nd(n+ -e '(ver, -e m'y 'pp)y or 5'() 'nd -e (nvest+'ton m%s 5e erm(n'ed (-(n , (==) LA+%S: An accused o a cri$inal case ending be&ore he *%+ o& San Lernando Pa$aanga 'olunarily surrendered be&ore he H%+ o& Sa. Haria Bulacan and osed her bail bond in he laFer cour. *esonden H%+ 2udge aro'ed he surey bond osed by he accused. 9SSUM:

6@4 he resondenEs aro'al o& he bail bond "as roer?

MND:

4o. %he @+AEs *eor re'ealed ha he accused *osalina Hercado "as no arresed. %he roer rocedure, according o he Sec. 1; *ule 11C, "ould ha'e been o fle her bail LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


1(0

2011 Edition

bond "ih he *%+ Branch C1, San Lernando, Pa$anga "here her case "as ending. ad co$lainan 2udge been absen or "as una'ailable a ha t$e, he accused could fle &or bail "ih anoher branch o& he *%+ in Pa$anga or in San Lernando +iy. -I5 S /25-,O AH 4@. 4%28=C81>> Harch 1 (==>/ LA+%S: +o$lainan Puria Ni$ charged resonden udge Du$lao o& he H%+ o& San Haeo 9sabela "ih gross ignorance o& he la" and gra'e abuse o& auhoriy. Ni$ a'erred he she fled "o cri$inal case "ih *%+ o& Santago +iy,9sabela Branch >agains a cerain Hedina. Hedina "as arehended by 'irue o& a "arran o& arres issued by 2udge Hadrid o& Branch >. %he &ollo"ing day, udge Du$lao issued  orders &or he release o& Hedina on he ground ha he had osed bail "ih his cour. +o$lainan alleged ha resonden udge &re5uenly aro'es bail bonds &or cases fled in oher cours and ouside he erriorial urisdicton o& his cour. e also issues search "arrans &or i$le$enaton ouside o& his courEs urisdicton "hich, resulanly, are oGen 5uashed and he corresonding cases dis$issed because he artcles sei7ed "ere inad$issible as e'idence. MND:

%he Sure$e +our held ha i is no disued ha he cri$inal cases fled by co$lainan agains Hedina "ere ending be&ore he *%+ o& Santago +iy, 9sabel, Branch >. 9n &ac, he "arran o& arres "as issued by 2udge Hadrid, residing udge o& he said cour. %he order o& release here&ore, on accoun o& he ostng o& he bail, should ha'e been issued by ha cour, or in he absence or una'ailabiliy o& udge Hadrid, by anoher branch o& an *%+ in Santago +iy. 9n his case, ho"e'er, here is no roo& ha 2udge Hadrid "as absen or una'ailable a he t$e o& he ostng o& he bail bond. 9n &ac, co$lainan a'ers ha on he day resonden udge ordered he release o& Hedina, 2udge Hadrid and all he udges o& he *%+ o& Santago +iy, 9sabela "ere a heir resect'e oss. 9 is ele$enary ha a $unicial rial cour udge has no auhoriy o gran bail o an accused arresed ouside o& his erriorial urisdicton. %he re5uire$ens o& Secton 1; a/ o& *ule 11C as 5uoed abo'e $us be co$lied "ih be&ore a udge $ay gran bail. S,E--, vs. 4udge INES 5TC;Sinait Ilocos Sur A.H. 4o. H%28=;81; Aril 1), (==;/

LA+%S: A cri$inal co$lain &or Lalsifcaton o& Public Docu$en "as fled by co$lainan agains one 9baTe7 be&ore he H%++8igan, 9locos Sur . *esonden udge "as he Presiding 2udge o& he H%+8Sinai, 9locos Sur. A "arran o& arres "as no i$$ediaely ser'ed on he accused because she "as residing in he USA a ha t$e. Naer, 4B9 oerat'es ried o ser'e an alias "arran o& arres on he accused, "ho reoredly reurned o he Philiines. %he accused, ho"e'er, "as no &ound a her residence. 9nsead, her daugher roduced a coy o& he @rder issued by resonden udge directng he ro'isional release o& he accused uon ostng o& bail bond. MND:

*esonden udge &ailed o roerly aly he rule regarding he bail bond alicaton. Secton 1;, *ule 11C o& he *ules o& +our e3licily ro'ides ha Jb/ail in he a$oun f3ed $ay be fled "ih he cour "here he case is ending, or, in he absence or una'ailabiliy o& he udge hereo&, "ih any regional rial udge, $eroolian rial udge, $unicial rial udge, or $unicial circui rial udge o& he ro'ince or ciy or $unicialiy.K %he insan &alsifcaton case agains accused "as fled be&ore he H%++8 igan, resided by 2udge Ane. %here "as no sho"ing o& he una'ailabiliy o& 2udge Ane a ha t$e. Lollo"ing he said rule, resonden udge clearly erred in LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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2011 Edition

eneraining he bail alicaton desie #no"ledge o& he endency o& he &alsifcaton case be&ore he H%++ o& igan. Assu$ing arguendo ha resonden udge righ]ully graned bail o accused, her &ailure o rans$i he order o& release and oher suortng aers o he cour "here he case is ending constues anoher 'iolaton o& he rules, artcularly Secton 1) o& *ule 11C. *esonden udge should ha'e &or"arded he records eraining o he bail bond i$$ediaely aGer she recei'ed he sa$e. *E@ ,NON85O2S -ETTE* Aril ;, (=1= LA+%S: 2udge %a$ang aro'ed no only he bail bonds issued by +o'enan, a blac#lised bonding co$any, bu also he bail bonds in so$e insances &or accused ersons charged in cri$inal cases ending ouside her erriorial urisdicton. MND:

Under Sec. 1; o& *ule 11C, he bail bond $ay be fled eiher "ih he cour "here he case is ending, or "ih any *%+ o& he lace o& arres, or i& no *%+ 2udge is a'ailable, "ih any He%+ or H%+ o& he lace o& arres.

SEC. 1J. Notce o applicaton o prosecuor.6 In the applica$on for !ail under sec$on J of this *ule the court "ust give reasona!le no$ce of the hearing to the prosecutor or re#uire hi" to su!"it his reco""enda$on. TO**EI--,S . 42/0E N,I/,/ Aril (), (==) LA+%S: *esonden udge issued orders grantng bail o accused in cri$inal cases ha "ere charged "ih $urder and &rusraed $urder "ihou conductng a hearing and "ihou aording he rosecuton he ooruniy o ro'e he srengh o& is e'idence. 9SSUM:

6@4 he resonden udge is liable &or gross ignorance o& he la"?

MND:

es. *esonden udge #no"ingly disregarded he "ell8esablished rule ha no erson charged "ih a caial oense, or an oense unishable by reclusion ereua or li&e i$rison$en, shall be ad$iFed o bail "hen e'idence o& guil is srong, regardless o& he sage o& he cri$inal rosecuton. Under he resen rule, a hearing on alicaton &or bail is $andaory. 6heher bail is a $aFer o& righ or discreton, he rosecuor should be gi'en reasonable notce o& hearing, or a leas his reco$$endaton on he $aFer $us be sough. %hese as#s "ere ignored by he udge.

SEC. 1K . 7elease on bail.6 The accused "ust !e discharged upon approval of the !ail !y the ?udge with who" it was &led in accordance with sec$on 1 of this *ule. :hen !ail is &led with a court other than where the case is pending the ?udge who accepted the !ail shall forward it together with the order of release and other suppor$ng papers to the court where the case is pending which "ay for good reason re#uire a diAerent one to !e &led.

I*0INI, S,E--, . 42/0E INES Aril 1), (==;



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LA+%S: *esonden is he residing udge o& H%+8Sinai "ho issued order &or he ro'isional release o& he accused o a ending cri$inal case be&ore he H%++8igan "hen he said accused 'olunarily surrendered o her and osed bail. o"e'er he bail bond aers "ere no &or"arded o H%++8igan. 9SSUM:

6@4 he resonden udge "as guily o& gross ignorance o& he la"?

MND:

es. %he gran o& he bail "as i$roer. Assu$ing arguendo ha resonden udge righ]ully graned bail o accused, her &ailure o rans$i he order o& release and oher suortng aers o he cour "here he case is ending constues anoher 'iolaton o& he rules, artcularly Sec. 1) o& *ule 11C. *esonden udge should ha'e &or"arded he records eraining o he bail bond i$$ediaely aGer she recei'ed he sa$e.

SEC. >L . 9ncrease or reducton o bail.6 ,%er the accused is ad"i7ed to !ail the court "ay upon good cause either increase or reduce its a"ount. :hen increased the accused "ay !e co""i7ed to custody if he does not give !ail in the increased a"ount within a reasona!le period. ,n accused held to answer a cri"inal charge who is released without !ail upon &ling of the co"plaint or infor"a$on "ay at any su!se#uent stage of the proceedings and whenever a strong showing of guilt appears to the court !e re#uired to give !ail in the a"ount &
SEC. >1. 8oreiure o bail. – :hen the presence of the accused is re#uired !y the court or these *ules his !onds"en shall !e no$&ed to produce hi" !efore the court on a given date and $"e. If the accused fails to appear in person as re#uired his !ail shall !e declared forfeited and the !onds"en given thirty (DL) days within which to produce their principal and to show why no ?udg"ent should !e rendered against the" for the a"ount of their !ail. :ithin the said period the !onds"en "ust@ (a) produce the !ody of their principal or give the reason for his non;produc$on and (!) e1a) Anoher i$oran ro'ision is Secton (1 - ho" bail is &or&eied. 9& you are re5uired o aear in cour &or an arraign$en, or &or so$e oher reason, and you did no aear, he frs se is, uon $oton o& he rosecuton, he cour "ill issue an order o confscae he bond and he cour "ill also direc he bonds$en: 1. o roduce he body o& heir rincial "ihin = days0 A4D (. o e3lain "hy he accused did no aear be&ore he cour "hen frs re5uired o do so. Dala"a yan - 1/ roduce hi$ "ihin = days, and (/ e3lain "hy you &ailed o roduced hi$. 9& you sats&y boh conditons, no roble$ - he cour "ill issue an order liGing he order o& he &or&eiure. W: Suose you &ailed o co$ly boh or one o& he conditons, "ha "ill haen? A: %he cour "ill render udg$en on he bond. Heaning, he bonding co$any is no" liable on is bond. So ang una, order o& confscaton or &or&eiure o& he bond. %he second sage is, i& he conditons are no $e, here "ill be udg$en agains he bond. So ha is he se8by8se alicaton o& Secton (1.

MND:

T,-,0 vs. *E8ES AH 4o. *%28=C81>( 2une , (==C/ %he co$lainan bla$es he resonden &or his &ailure o aear a his arraign$en because he notce "as sen o he "rong address desie a rior notce &or change o& address. A cursory reading he notce o& change o& address "ill sho" ha i erains o he counselEs residence, no he co$lainanEs ole and unchanged residence. As correcly oined ou by resonden udge, he roduce orders se\ngs "ere sen o LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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co$lainanEs bonds$an. ence, in accordance "ih Secton (1 o& *ule 11C o& he *e'ised *ules o& +our, his bonds$an $us roduce hi$ be&ore he cour on he gi'e dae and &ailing o do so0 he bond "as &or&eied as i "as. HM4D@^A . ANA*HA Hay , (== LA+%S: %he accused in a cri$inal case &ailed o aear in erson be&ore he cour. Accordingly, he rial cour declared his bail &or&eied. %he rial cour ga'e he resonden bonds$en a =8day eriod o roduce he accused or a reasonable e3lanaton &or heir non8 roducton. o"e'er, ( years had assed &ro$ he t$e he cour ordered he &or&eiure and stll no udg$en had been rendered agains he bonds$en &or he a$oun o& he bail. 9nsead, an order o& e3ecuton "as issued and he roery "as u u &or sale and "as a"arded o he highes bidders "hich are he ettoners. 9SSUM:

6@4 he resonden bonds$en ha'e he righ o he roery?

MND:

es. Sec. (1 o& *ule 11C ro'ides &or he rocedure o be &ollo"ed be&ore a bail bond $ay be &or&eied and a udg$en on he bond rendered agains he surey. %here are ( re5uisies be&ore he rial cour udge $ay rule ad'ersely agains he bonds$en in cases "hen he accused &ails o aear in cour. 1s, he non8aearance by he accused is cause &or he udge o su$$arily declare he bond as &or&eied. (nd, he bonds$en, aGer he su$$ary &or&eiure o& he bond, are gi'en = days "ihin "hich o roduce he rincial and o sho" cause "hy a udg$en should no be rendered agains he$ &or he a$oun o& he bond. 9 is only aGer his =8day eriod ha he rial cour $ay render a udg$en on he bond agains he bonds$en. 9n his case, no such udg$en "as e'er issued and neiher has an a$oun been f3ed &or "hich he bonds$en $ay be held liable. %he la" "as no sricly obser'ed and his 'iolaed he bonds$enEs righ o rocedural due rocess.

SEC. >>. Cancellaton o bail. – 2pon applica$on of the !onds"en with due no$ce to the prosecutor the !ail "ay !e cancelled upon surrender of the accused or proof of his death. The !ail shall !e dee"ed auto"a$cally cancelled upon ac#ui7al of the accused dis"issal of the case or e
BON0C,C . SB Hay (1, (==) LA+%S: @n Har. (, (==( SB rendered udg$en fnding ettoner guily o& esa&a. %his "as aealed by ettoner 'ia etton &or re'ie" on certorari be&ore he S+ bu he etton "as denied in a *esoluton on Leb. (=, (==(. %he resoluton beca$e fnal and e3ecuory on Ar. (, (==( conse5uenly he SB decision also beca$e fnal and e3ecuory. @n 2an. 1=, (== he SB issued a bench "arran o& arres agains ettoner and he cash bond osed by ettoner &or his ro'isional libery "as order cancelled. 9SSUM:

6@4 he cancellaton o& he bail bond "as roer?

MND:

es. Sec. (( o& *ule 11C ro'ides ha he cancellaton o& bail is auo$atc uon e3ecuton o& he udg$en o& con'icton. %he Sandiganbayan did no err in cancelling ettonerEs cash bail bond aGer he udg$en o& con'icton beca$e fnal and e3ecuory and is e3ecuton beca$e $iniserial. LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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2011 Edition

EO-E . C,:,-IN0 Aril 1;, (==) LA+%S: +a"aling "as con'iced o& $urder and +ru7 his bond erson fled a $oton o "ihdra" roery bond and os cash bond in lieu hereo&. 9SSUM:

6@4 he roery bond $ay be relaced "ih a cash bond?

MND:

4o. Sec. (( o& *ule 11C ro'ides ha uon alicaton o& he bonds$en "ih due notce o he rosecuor, he bail $ay be cancelled uon surrender o& he accused or roo& o& his deah. %he bail shall be dee$ed auo$atcally cancelled uon ac5uiFal o& he accused, dis$issal o& he case, or e3ecuton o& he udg$en o& con'icton. 6ih he con'icton o& +a"aling &or $urder, and he +ourEs conse5uen &ailure o e3ecue he udg$en o& con'icton because o& +a"alingEs
SEC. >D. &rres o accused ou on bail. – 3or the purpose of surrendering the accused the !onds"en "ay arrest hi" or upon wri7en authority endorsed on a cer$&ed copy of the underta6ing cause hi" to !e arrested !y a police ocer or any other person of suita!le age and discre$on. ,n accused released on !ail "ay !e re;arrested without the necessity of a warrant if he a7e"pts to depart f ro" the hilippines without per"ission of the court where the case is pending. (>Da) Secton ( is an insance o& a 'alid "arranless arres. %his is a contnuaton o& Secton > *ule 11. Lor he urose o& surrendering he accused, hey can arres hi$ "ihou a "arran. %he bonds$an is his ailer. %he heory o& bond, lalo na yung cororae bond, is ha he suretes or bond$en beco$es you ailer in he eyes o& he la", and you are heir risoner. %hey oo# o'er he go'ern$en. 9n realiy, hey are no really i$risoning you. ou are a &ree $an. And i$orane, you u u $oney &or you release - you ay re$iu$, bac# u your co$$i$en "ih roery. Parang insurance din io eh. 4o" hali$ba"a, nainis sila sa iyo? - hindi #a nagabayad ng re$iu$ - u"ede #a $an nila aresuhin bah! %he bonds$en can ha'e you arresed "ihou a "arran. So direso #a sa ail. NeEs go o las aragrah o& Secton (. 9& you are aFe$tng o lea'e he Philiines, lalo na #ung $ay hold dearure order, e'en i& you are on bail, you can be arresed "ihou a "arran. 4o", "e "ill go o his 5ueston relaed o you constutonal righ o ra'el: W: o" do you reconcile Secton ( "ih he constutonal righ o ra'el? A: 9n he 1) case o& 5,NOTOC vs. CO2*T O3 ,E,-S 1C( S+*A 1C) 9SSUM:

o" co$e i& you are ou on bail, you canno lea'e he counry "ihou he er$ission o& he cour?

MND:

MA cour has he o"er o rohibi a erson ad$iFed o bail &ro$ lea'ing he Philiines. %his is a necessary conse5uence o& he naure and &uncton o& a bail bond. %he conditon i$osed uon ettoner o $a#e hi$sel& a'ailable a all t$es "hene'er he cour re5uires his resence oeraes as a 'alid resricton on his righ o ra'el.K because his is one o& he conditons o& he bail bond - yo% m%s 5e 'v'()'5)e -enever -e &o%r reD%(res yo% o 'ppe'r. / LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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2011 Edition

J9ndeed, i& he accused "ere allo"ed o lea'e he Philiines "ihou suIcien reason, he $ay be laced beyond he reach o& he cours. 9& he suretes ha'e he righ o re'en he rincial &ro$ lea'ing he sae, $ore so hen has he cour &ro$ "hich he suretes $erely deri'e such righ, and "hose urisdicton o'er he erson o& he rincial re$ains unaeced desie he gran o& bail o he laFer.K J%he cour canno allo" he accused o lea'e he counry "ihou he assen o& he surey because in accetng a bail bond or recogni7ance, he go'ern$en i$liedly agrees ha i "ill no a#e any roceedings "ih he rincial ha "ill increase he ris#s o& he suretes or aec heir re$edies agains hi$. Under his rule, he surey on a bail bond or recogni7ance $ay be discharged by a stulaton inconsisen "ih he conditons hereo&, "hich is $ade "ihou his assen.K So, i& your o"n bonds$en ha'e he righ o re'en you, "ih $ore reasons "ih he cour "ho has he co$lee urisdicton o'er your erson. Bu e'en i& he cour "ans o gran you er$ission o lea'e, guso $ong $ag8our, bu sabi ng bonds$en, *Ayo9o n+'/ , hen he cour has no o"er o gran your re5ues because he bonds$en $us also agree. Hanooc 's. +A, s%pr'/ SI-E*IO vs. CO2*T O3 ,E,-S Aril , 1))1 LA+%S: Sil'erio "as charged cri$inally &or 'iolaton o& *e'ised Securites Ac. Lor $ore han "o years, here "ere series o& osone$ens o& he arraign$en scheduled herein. e could no be arraigned because he had gone abroad se'eral t$es "ihou he necessary cour aro'al. %he rosecuton go &ed u already. So uon $oton o& he rosecuton, he rial cour ordered he DLA o cancel Sil'erioEs assor or o deny he alicaton o re8ne" he assor. %he +o$$ission on 9$$igraton is also ordered o re'en Sil'erio &ro$ lea'ing he counry. 4o", according o Sil'erio, he courEs orders are unconstutonal because under he +onstuton, cours can i$air he righ o& a cit7en o ra'el only on he ground o& natonal securiy, ublic sa&ey or ublic healh. Sil'erio: J9s here an issue o& natonal securiy? 6ala $an! Public sa&ey? 6ala $an! Public healh? 6ala rin! %here&ore, you canno re'en $e &ro$ ra'elling.K %he S+ here raced he hisory o& ha constutonal ro'ision. o" did ha ro'ision co$e ou? MND:

%he hraseology in he 1); +onstuton "as a reacton o he ban on inernatonal ra'el i$osed under he re'ious regi$e "hen here "as a %ra'el Processing +ener, "hich issued certfcaes o& eligibiliy o ra'el uon alicaton o& an ineresed ary. because during he Harcos era, he creaed a ra'el rocessing agency headed by Reneral er, "here e'ery Liliino "ho "ans o ra'el abroad $us be cleared by ha oIce./ Artcle 999, Secton  o& he 1); +onstuton should by no $eans be consrued as deli$itng he inheren o"er o& he cours o use all $eans necessary o carry heir orders ino eec in cri$inal cases ending be&ore he$.

9n oher "ords, he cour has al"ays he o"er o re'en an accused &ro$ lea'ing &or abroad. And ha constutonal ro'ision "as ne'er inerreed o li$i he o"er o& he cour. %here&ore, Sil'erio "as citng he "rong ro'ision. %he hilosohy does no aly o Sil'erio. aan!

S,NTI,0O vs. 0,*C9ITO*EN, Dece$ber (, 1))/



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LA+%S: Se'eral cri$inal cases "ere fled agains Hiria$ Santago arising &ro$ her enure as 9$$igraton +o$$issioner. 4o", she "as iner'ie"ed by he $edia and she said ha she is lea'ing in a &e" days &or abroad because she "as oered a &ello"shi gran by he ar'ard Uni'ersiy. 4abasa ng Sandiganbayan ang iner'ie" sa ne"saer, *Uy A')(s A)r(+-, ;o)d!#ep'r%re Order/ Santago 5uestoned he order. 9SSUM:

Hay a cour rying a cri$inal case issue a hold8dearure order mo% prop(o o re'en he accused &ro$ lea'ing he counry e'en i& he rosecuton did no fle any $oton o issue such order?

MND:

MS. J%he cour has he o"er o issue mo% prop(o a hold8dearure order. %he hold8 dearure order is bu an e3ercise o& he courEs inheren o"er o reser'e and o $ainain he eect'eness o& is urisdicton o'er he case and he erson o& he accused.K 5,*COS vs. S,N/I0,NB,8,N (C; S+*A OAugus ), 1))>

LA+%S: +ri$inal charges "ere fled agains 9$elda Harcos. 9n one o& he cases, she "as con'iced by he Sandiganbayan. AGer con'icton, she fled a $oton &or reconsideraton and "hile her $oton "as ending, she fled a $oton &or lea'e o ra'el abroad &or rea$en o& hyerensi'e hear disease, unconrolled angina ecoris, and anerior $yocardial in&arcton. %he $oton "as suored by $edical reors reared by her hysician, cardiologis and oher docors in he Ha#at Hed. Presiding 2ustce Rarchiorena re&erred he issue o a co$$iFee o& cardiologiss &ro$ ealh +ener o& he Philiines &or e3ra oinion on so$e 5uestons a$ong "hich "as: *Is M'r&os &ond(ton '')> @r, Is s-e (n d'n+er o dy(n+> %he co$$iFee sub$iFed a reor "hich "as heard in he resence o& he "o la"yers o& Harcos. *eor ng co$$iFee: s-e 's s(&9 5% -e ev(den&e no &on "'r'n+ ')'n+ 9%mp(y'ns'/

MND:

J%he Sandiganbayan aced roerly. *esonden cour had o see# e3er oinion because ettonerVs $oton "as based on he ad'ice o& her hysician. %he cour could no be e3eced o us acce he oinion o& ettonerVs hysician in resol'ing her re5ues &or er$ission o ra'el. %he subec lay beyond is co$eence and since he gran o& he re5ues deended on he 'erifcaton o& he clai$ ha ettoner "as suering &ro$ a $edical conditon ha "as alleged o be serious and li&e hreaening, he resonden cour, "e hin#, &ollo"ed he only ruden course a'ailable o& see#ing he oinion o& oher secialiss in he feld.K J9ndeed, "hen e'en in heir o"n feld o& e3ertse la"/ cours are allo"ed o in'ie 'm(&( &%r('e o shed ligh on recondie oins o& la", here is no reason &or denying he$ assisance on oher subecs.K JPerhas he bes roo& ha she is no in he grou is he &ac ha she ran in he las electon &or a sea in he ouse o& *eresenat'es and "on. 9 $ay be assu$ed ha she "aged an arduous olitcal ca$aign bu aarenly is none he "orse &or i.K

Heaning, e'en in la" "hich is already your feld o& e3ertse, he cour are e'en allo"ed o see# he hel o& oher la"yers, lalo na "hen i co$es o he feld o& $edicine. And fnally aGer one year, she ran &or LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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congress"o$an in Neye and she "on. @& course "hen you ca$aign, you ha'e o undergo a errible schedule o& ca$aigns. Mh ba#i buhay #a a? So in oher "ords, you are no really in danger o& dying. And she is 'ery $uch ali'e no". CO42,N0CO vs. S,N/I0,NB,8,N == S+*A ; O1)) LA+%S:

+ouangco has se'eral ending cases be&ore he Sandiganbayan. And here is a ra'el ban e'eryt$e he ra'els abroad.

9SSUM: 9s here a need o& hold8dearure orders e'eryt$e +ouangco ra'els abroad considering ha $any hings haened o +ouangco? MND:

J6e resol'e in he negat'e. %he ra'el ban should be liGed, considering all he circu$sances no" re'ailing. 9 no" beco$es necessary ha here be srong and co$elling reasons o ust&y he contnued resricton on +ouangcoEs righ o ra'el abroad. Ad$iFedly, all o& +ouangcoEs re'ious re5uess o ra'el abroad ha'e been graned and ha +ouangco has al"ays reurned o he Philiines and co$lied "ih he resrictons i$osed on hi$.K J%he necessiy o& &urher denying +ouangcoEs righ o ra'el abroad, "ih aFendan resrictons, aears less han clear. %he ris# o&
W: M'y ' MTC 4%d+e (ss%e ' -o)d dep'r%re (n &r(m(n') &'se pend(n+ 5eore (> 9n he case o& 5ON/E4,* S. B2B,N 1 S+*A 11) O2uly 1(, (==1 LA+%S: +o$lainan Hondear charged 2udge Buban o& H%++, %acloban +iy, Branch 1, "ih gross ignorance o& he la", artaliy, serious irregulariy and gra'e $isconduc relat'e o a cri$inal case agains he co$lainan &or 'iolaton o& B.P. Blg. ((. She alleged ha resonden udge issued a Jhold dearure orderK agains her in 'iolaton o& Sure$e +our +ircular 4o. )8); "hich ro'ides ha Jhold dearure ordersK shall be issued only in cri$inal cases "ihin he e3clusi'e urisdicton o& he *egional %rial +ours. eld:

+ircular 4o. )8); li$is he auhoriy o issue hold8dearure orders o cri$inal cases "ihin he urisdicton o& second le'el cours. Paragrah 4o. 1 o& he said circular secifcally ro'ides ha Jhold8dearure orders shall be issued only in cri$inal cases "ihin he e3clusi'e urisdicton o& he regional rial cours.K +learly hen, cri$inal cases "ihin he e3clusi'e urisdicton o& frs le'el cours do no &all "ihin he a$bi o& he circular, and i "as an error on he ar o& resonden udge o ha'e issued one in he insan case. 0OE*N5ENT vs. 2*0,N,N ) S+*A ( (==(/ LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%


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MND:

%he constutonal ro'ision on bail does no aly o e3raditon roceedings, "Zc are no cri$inal in naure. M3raditon cours do no render udg$ens o& con'icton or ac5uiFal. Horeo'er, he constutonal righ o bail
Bu in 0OT O3 9ON0 =ON0 S. O-,-I, 4*. ,N/ 52POH R.*. 4o. 1>;>, OAril 1), (==; LA+%S:  re5uesed &or he e3raditon o& HuTo7 "ho "as &acing cri$inal charges in he  cour. 9n he e3raditon case, he etton &or bail "as graned. *ecords sho" ha HuTo7 had been deained &or o'er ( years "ihou ha'ing been con'iced o& any cri$e "hen he bail "as graned.  5uestoned he gran o& bail. MND:

6hile his +our in "%r+'n'n li$ied he e3ercise o& he righ o bail o cri$inal roceedings, ho"e'er, in ligh o& he 'arious inernatonal reates gi'ing recogniton and roecton o hu$an righs, artcularly he righ o li&e and libery, a ree3a$inaton o& his +ourEs ruling in "%r+'n'n is in order. OAdditonal 3 3 3 o li$i bail o cri$inal roceedings "ould be o close our eyes o our urisrudental hisory. Philiine urisrudence has no li$ied he e3ercise o& he righ o bail o cri$inal roceedings only. %his +our has ad$iFed o bail ersons "ho are no in'ol'ed in cri$inal roceedings. 9n &ac, bail has been allo"ed in his urisdicton o ersons in deenton during he endency o& ad$inisrat'e roceedings, a#ing ino cogni7ance he obligaton o& he Philiines under inernatonal con'entons o uhold hu$an righs. 3 3 3 6hile our e3raditon la" does no ro'ide &or he gran o& bail o an e3radiee, ho"e'er, here is no ro'ision rohibitng hi$ or her &ro$ fling a $oton &or bail, a righ o due rocess under he +onstuton. %he alicable sandard o& due rocess, ho"e'er, should no be he sa$e as ha in cri$inal roceedings. 9n he laFer, he sandard o& due rocess is re$ised on he resu$ton o& innocence o& he accused. As Purganan correcly oins ou, i is &ro$ his $aor re$ise ha he ancillary resu$ton in &a'or o& ad$i\ng o bail arises. Bearing in $ind he urose o& e3raditon roceedings, he re$ise behind he issuance o& he arres "arran and he Je$orary deentonK is he ossibiliy o&
W: 6ha is he sandard o& roo& re5uired in grantng or denying bail? A: An e3raditon roceeding being s%( +ener(s, i can neiher be he roo& beyond reasonable doub in cri$inal cases nor he sandard o& roo& o& reonderance o& e'idence in ci'il cases. 6hile ad$inisrat'e in characer, he sandard o& subsantal e'idence used in ad$inisrat'e cases canno li#e"ise aly gi'en he obec o& e3raditon la" "hich is o re'en he rosect'e e3radiee &ro$

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@inion in "%r+'n'n, hen Associae 2ustce, no" +hie& 2ustce *eynao S. Puno, roosed ha a ne" sandard "hich he er$ed Jclear and convincing evidence should !e us ed in gran$ng !ail in e+ . No bail a?er fnal 4udgmen; excepton. – No !ail shall !e allowed a%er a ?udg"ent of convic$on has !eco"e &nal. If !efore such &nality the accused applies for pro!a$on he "ay !e allowed te"porary li!erty under his !ail. :hen no !ail was &led or the accused is incapa!le of &ling one the court "ay allow his release on recogni'ance to the custody of a responsi!le "e"!er of the co""unity. In no case shall !ail !e

SEC. 0#. Cour super5ision o deainees. – The court shall e. Bail no a bar o ob4ectons on illegal arres, lac> o or irregular preliminar in5estgaton. – ,n applica$on for or ad"ission to !ail shall not !ar the accused fro" challenging the validity of his arrest or the legality of the warrant issued therefore or fro" assailing the regularity or #ues$oning the a!sence of a preli"inary inves$ga$on of the charge against hi" provided that he raises the" !efore entering his plea. The court shall resolve the "a7er as early as prac$ca!le !ut not later than the start of the trial of the case. W: 9& you os bail, are you under esoel o 5ueston he 'alidiy o& he arres or he regulariy or absence o& a reli$inary in'estgaton? A: Under Secton (, 4@. %he i'oal oin is &or as long as you ha'e no ye enered your lea. @nce you enered your lea, all he de&ecs are considered "ai'ed. Bu he ostng o& bail alone is no considered as "ai'er o raise hose issues. BO*-ON0,N . EN, Hay >, (=1= LA+%S: Accused i$$ediaely osed bail "hen a "arran &or heir arres "as issued. @n he scheduled dae &or heir arraign$en hey re&used o ener a lea, hus he cour enered a lea o& J4o RuilyK. %he accused are 5uestoning he 'alidiy o& he "arran bu he rial cour belie'es ha hey could no longer 5ueston is 'alidiy since hey already osed bail. 9SSUM:

6@4 he ettoners can stll 5ueston he 'alidiy o& he "arran e'en "hen hey ha'e already osed bail? LAKAS ATENISTA College Of La! Ateneo De Da"ao Uni"e#$it%

Rule 114 Bail

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