"i1QiJD
MILITARY
TRAAN
9LP
nite nite ingd ingdom om Email:
[email protected]
1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998, 1999 1999 2000 2000
os
at
by an op
arch arch
ie
eans eans elec electr tron onic ic elec electr tric ical al chem chemic ical al ot py ec he gh er ed
be ad
Br
ud
Li
Ca al
ng
Pu
echa echani nica cal, l, he
Da
Simk Simkin ins, s, Mich Michae ae Re I.
d.
Rome--Army-History
ISBN ISBN 0-85 0-8504 0455-52 5288Email:
[email protected] Film Filmse se in Great Great Brit Britai ai
it r'
ot
Unit United ed King Kingdo dom. m. Email:
[email protected]
www.ospreypublishing.com
m a n Army
Ca
9LP
nite nite ingd ingdom om Email:
[email protected]
1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998, 1999 1999 2000 2000
os
at
by an op
arch arch
ie
eans eans elec electr tron onic ic elec electr tric ical al chem chemic ical al ot py ec he gh er ed
be ad
Br
ud
Li
Ca al
ng
Pu
echa echani nica cal, l, he
Da
Simk Simkin ins, s, Mich Michae ae Re I.
d.
Rome--Army-History
ISBN ISBN 0-85 0-8504 0455-52 5288Email:
[email protected] Film Filmse se in Great Great Brit Britai ai
it r'
ot
Unit United ed King Kingdo dom. m. Email:
[email protected]
www.ospreypublishing.com
m a n Army
Ca
m a n Army
Ca
thians. 33
BC
32
BC
irreconcilable.
JA
44
BC
Gaius Julius
Caesar.
gain gainst st th cons cons irat irator ors, s, fo cing cing Br tu Italy.
43
BC
Na
Triumvirate':
42
BC
suicide. 40
BC
Th gr ve tele tele fC ius Vale Valeri rius us Cris Cris us
le io
fL
io rs
'A
of icia iciall ll
e:
onst onstit itut uted ed
dict dict tori torial al
ommi ommitt ttee ee
Stadtisc Stadtische he
AD
54:
te Museum., Museum., Wiesb Wiesbad aden en
ne
e:
AD
ne
54:
Nero
e:
AD AD
59.
60:
or
e:
and 'Augustus', Be
provmce. 16-15
Boudica.
Be
AD AD
61: 64:
Pannonia. House. 9:
AD
66:
AD
Galba, Governor
cessor, Tiberius
69:
AD
vius Otho
AD
Aulus Vitellius 'Caligula'.
AD
Ti
Claudius
Drusus.
De
Fa
We
Th
R om om a
pasianus
.closes.
th triump li Tr 's Fo um late te into th Ar Co ta ti Th ul tu valr in mail le fe le ionary infantry rin cuirass ith lamin tio on th re in te re t- late (T ja 's Column Rome
70:
in
AD
ti
89:
3:
Romans. Ve
Germany. Titus.
8r:
AD
96:
42,
Nerva. AD
98:
AD
Trajanus,
Titu
Flaviu Dorrririanus. (Rumours
Introductioll
ment.
(Polybius)
ornament.
logica finds.
century rs
DISPOSITION LEGIONS circa
Ke to th (I Le io (2) Le io Le io Le io
Le io Le Le (II) Le (12) Le (13) Le (IO)
th
io io io io io
Ge in in ut in VI Au usta St ur Cl udia Wi is Ap llin is Ca untum II Gernin Po tovio VI Cl udia Vimi ia ulll
ig ts
to
is iti
ip
to th tate th
in
in
tr in
im
tr
urin
id th
me
io
Skill
th
lm
rofe io
th ill
(14) Le io Ma ic Oe us (15) Le io ta ic Nova Le io Al ud th Da ub (17) Le io Fl vi Fi ma Bu um (18) Le io VI Fl vi Fi ma Sata Le io Fulmin ta Melite (20) Le io VI Fe ta Samo ta (21) Le io Sythic Cy us (22) Le io II Gallic Da Dama us (2 Legi Fr tensis Je us lem. (2 Legi II Deiota iana Al ri Le io II Cy ic Co to Lu Le io II Au usta Amma Te Le io VI Gemi Le
AD 80 is itio th Le io ir Hi Yo Va ia Adiutrix Ch te Au usta Ca le Prir ig ia Gemi Ni me ix us
ie
ic
ul
th ir
vi
ld quir
ti ti
ll
ie th
cu
th
trin
fr
uc
ub this
uf icie
th re unit,
fortific tio
th
inscriptio
th
th ir
qu
ti mplis
in
in
ilit
te
th th
ry ut irk me ta
ut
ithin th ra fo ts
immunis.
to th
in
ly ur ri in
ll-letter
ie te
th ilita
ill rs it is counters
th
in
re
le io ic
ul th
ille fa vi
tructur
cifically fo such urp ses. ible
it
Th
le io
auxilia,
ic
up in
te
th
-citiz
's ti
uc
urvivin
iploma refers to th
ur
le
urvivin
iploma refers to th
is
ir tio
ur
le
vi
tir ic
is
in
itain
ia
istin ui
un
ve
uxilia
th
th
li
itiz
in uc me to
th
list,
th ir is
ieve
vi
ut th
soldier
citize
uld
th
(o
ssibly ca
br
ze lo
isquie
te
tr itio th ir quipme th st century AD when this relie as carved. (Th Cancelleria Relief, the collectio th Vatic Mu um
to ta
ug tu
unit tr
uxilia
unit
inte
te
ve lo
fi ld
th
ic
le io
the auxilia
uxilia ie
in
ll
ir
ic
Britain
th
ir
th Roma
into th
ic tie
fa
ug
-citize
th
te io
utinie
foug fo
tr
ur un in
uc
re
irly lo
th
ilia
tu ll
s,
in th
tin th units
ictate
tw
un
ilia ie
fr
units
rivile
to
in ity
uxilia
th
th Em ir
ut
th
te
th ir
in
jo
ithin th th
ith le
ti
th
ts
in
th
tu
io
javelin
fo it
ip
to
ly
carr in
its lfin th
ie
th
io
ut it
th
th
ti
th
vi
it
th fi
ttl
tributio
to th
th
th inva io
ld ma
ta li ve
rath
th le io Roma
ma
in th
tr
ts
in trib
ti
ty
unit (s edia te
igin
m)
ith
va
it
th ir
th
th
re ter str tu
in
ic
in th
th
titl
's th ug
th
.g Ala
Petriana Romanorum-after
it
it
tu in
tr
ia 's
tain
tic
Cohors Equitata,
in
this id th
tl
te this in th
io ie
tatu
io to th
th
in th ir
quip
id
tr
in
tw
ir
tr
',
ut
th Q,uingenaria ',
in
th titl
ug
in
itiz units
ith
th rigid istinctio auxilia
in
t, th
uxili ie lo ll
ig tl
ts
tio
rv t,
reign
t.
'th us
it th
valr
Cohors Equitata. Thes ne
tr
is
te i-
ith ig
re calle Milliaria
is
co sisted
tr
tu
la
units
Th
ts
te
ilia
te
re raise
tr
me ts
in iu
to
th
in
tr lo
it
tim
tatus join ic tw
th ir
th th
th le io
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klltry, Tillillill{!,fllid Cfllllpflif,ll ROlltilles
of course
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Mail le io ri fr DJ.t AeDJ.iliusPaulus victo ume Delp i, ct to CODJ.DJ. DJ. the te RODJ.anvictory BC The shield ve Ki Pe us Ma ia Py in irtu id ti to urvivi im t, ic ve in th iz ta ip
L EG I
or
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en each
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10
4tro ps
decorate va
ov hi ld El bo tely clipeus or fl ith ngraving an punching it mos prob bl ie us th I z ip p i k g ym n a si a or cavalr ports Th
intric tely deco te scutum ic io Ju iu Du it tu ve us um te D7 tatio th up Rhin Sinceth legi vi tati in Brit in this in Ty th th Britis ti coll ctio
of th
Britis
to Le io vm io is no co th Rive in ic te th it
Mus um)
marching in
the
(contubernium)
section.
AD
sagum,
th
insurrection
Wa
osep us refers
patera;
II
Orders of Se iority an
Promotio
Orders of Se iority an
LEGATU
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LEGIONIS
YIAS(NMOAIAL MACiISTAArt£S
Tribunus laticlaviu Primus Pilu
Praefectus Alae
Iteru
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Praefectus= Castro rum
Tribunus Cohorti
Tribun AngusticJavi Primus Pilu
la
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Centurione
co .1
Cent uriones
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Immunes
Immunes
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Milites
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Centurione
coho11-X
to
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er
iz
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AUXILIA
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formula:
port praetori
pioneers (antecursores), prob bly carrying dolabrae for
po
and
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p o r t p r in ci p al i
s in is tr a and p o r t p r in c ip a li s d e xt ra -l ef t porta
praetoria.
cross, th via praetori v i p r in c ip a li s
gates. pikemen (hastati).
c at ap u lt ae , b a ll is ta e ,
Pila aquila,
muralia
being
being
ar
ide,
culptura
esenta io
es
ha
la ro id st ed
caliga it it
sole ap ro ed nail
atel ir
li
ly
A r J J IS(lilt! ArJllOtlr
Body Defences
in
mail
in
mail
pteruges, pteruges
thigh. hamata
Be;
ho ev
ee
st
pteruges Th uxiliary hield fron Donc ter, thought to have belong to th is Da um in th th st century AD. An xample of uxilia troo continuin to ca tive qui me t, Re ta ul ie tm to uxilia ie ut ta cc io ll in culptur
elti peoples)
earing
ho
leev es hauberk, Be.
centuries Be
century Be;
Be,
century Be.
th hauberks
th thes
culpture
st depict egiona es
St
withou
century
AD).
Th valr 's ts lm fr Ribch te in Lancashire. Th ma in th to tie ith tr un is silvere face It fitte ith cr st, mos prob bl ofhorsetr me ma ti to in th id th ul This ve in mp th in th Briti mour 's ma Mu um.
iv ting nb SIbs
pteruges
mail. (loricae
stitching-thread.
squamatae),
office clas
in lu in
th principales. Th
(lorica seg entata AD
plate segmentata,
CUIrasses. It
AD
Th ie ve ilve pattern swor sc bb rd Th tw figure ofthe -god Ma Th pi ceprob bl
'P tn ii re representation palr tte th
lo er corners.
co re
co ai
am
ther it
es st
la
te
ra
er
er
zlbs dependin
upon
rs
-,
as ro
er ec ly
ct
al
is
tt rn
Helrners
lo rati th is st le of decoration suggests
leathe
tent-papilio -m
contubernium,
ll
li thin ro cavalr unit of
t, hracia
th origin
lu
centur Four vi th iv
mp
ia
ta tis th Fl via Mus Stibbe t, Florenc
ta ic ty 'C urin th ivil ty (I th
hefrrret feorri AD 68-69,
ll
tio
th
AD
ua
ul
us
ul
it
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ig t,
id ut th
me tim
tte
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in ta
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th
te
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ty
mid-r in
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into th Roma
te
th
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ve
st ce tury
usuall
th
te
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ta
th
th
ty
Im
ti
ir
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id
ri
Gallic ty
up io fi is to th
to ie
ith
tur
rp rate
ur
th
ic ts
ve
re fa te in
io
tain
to th ir
ut
Gaul
th iv
ts
ic
tw
in
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th tu
ic
th 's
ia Ita ic ty
this
lm
uc
t, silvere inlaid ith er nortnally suspend belo tn th ie ug th te
th
+p
th te
to th
tali
armourers. Th ir
lm ts
re fr que tly
mall tamp
metim
rate ith fin
ith ib in
tr fe tur
Th
fi
re cc io
trip
ut
re
lo
isinclin
to fe th
ve urvive fo mo ts
lly rovid
ith
th forw rd
uc intric th
matte
ic
ie
ul
mi ute
tt ib te
it
It is la
ie
th
ic
ic
tio
lo
th ug
ver, th ma ul
th fo
inte
th
intr
in
tim
to
th
in que tio
ults la
ic
uc
th
li
tely
mo
ly
th tr
ti
th
il ustr te urin
in in
io
lour
th mid-s
ub th tl
tinue us
te lf
ma uf th
th
ich st century
tur
t, ma AD
ie tric
ir
Th dolabra-tnilitary ic Th ngle tn ta gu rd to cove th thongs.
tie
vi
rr
it nso
1('1
. " ~ . ? : . : ' .~~: ~: ../.:;-,: :.~ <• ;.
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Fittin
il
lorica segmentaia,
it
ud
ti
(b
hinge loop (d)Type ofbreas hook from rna.i]shirts. (e)Belt firtin usuall tin ilve
co
er
Jabricia
rs
century
AD
and
Th
swor
The gladius the
st centur
AD
isre
to
te
Le t) Pi rnafl ub rk unrivete link rrra by th uthor ho in th roba le positio th join iscovere in th Ca li Lo fr lIle (a ). (Rig t) An tir unle th ul ubli Gr ty laid ut to io to ieve it This ie lIlail ul ve in to th in th ub it in in in th th
it
ic
throug
th
th
la
ta
's ta
Th
tio
io
in ur
ve
ie
usuall
ll
l,
ip
ucin
ve th
ip
th in id
Th face-plate
metime
th
le
ic
ir
le
mb
th
th
th
th
ivo
ratio
ic
th
it
it
in ut
im it
this
ilve
circle
ith
's th ('S
rd fTib ri us', Britis
Museum). li me
ts
tl
late
Fulh
tte
is
ty
te
ut
fte th
this
cime re
's
te
tt
igin is
to into
ile
ith
full-l
ta into thin
th
-plate
id te in
in itio
t. This
th
li
Sw
ic ir
th
to th
th
th in is
rd
th
th th
in th
ca
us um
thin
utte th
th Riv
~o
mplete Th ve
coverin
th
in
Fulh
tructio
vere fr
in
th le th
id
ie
is
in th Briti to
in th
ith te
th
fo th
lin r,
te
ucin
us
iv
th
th
ti tl
lip
in
th
ith
into
it
th lo
in fo
itio
ck
ur
idth in vi
th ut in tr ti Au ustu Ca mo ll th main Main it ie ti imil tt to th ly igin foun Ch Str ite Chic ter. Th ri in la ma in th Chic te Distric Mus um.
fr
th
la th
tructi ig
tructi th
ti
Mu um ve chap ar
th
tu
Antiquitie lo in to hypothetical.
uth
mo tl Sc tl
hypothetical. in
ll
AD
th
in lo this ty
valr la
foun io un Th lt
th
th
ir
th
tu
ttern
AD
ite th
ictio
ca
rd
ith
te tt
gladius
this
to
th
ly
ve
ve te
to ll
id ti th Po
ii th
tructio
igin
ic
tt
te th th in
th
Pomp ii-
in
it
ttern
ty
completel
in vi
t,
th ir
inve tin
im
us in
th 's
vi usly
th to
ve
th
to
ul
ve
th
il
Th fr
to
it this
ic
ints
ig
ti
mm
ls th
tr
th
th
in it
is tr us to its
ralle ield intr
this ti
tl
shield-scutum-is th ug
iste
th
ma
th
ut th
th
te lo
ie fo th main
intro uctio
isto ia
Poly ius
Celtic in ri in
in
ive
in ield
intr
uctio
ts
in
th
ve
id -gutters tim
la
to
te
ly
is
id
th
th
rl form
th
le io
ly
ie
crib
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th
isto ia
icit
Poly ius
iptio
zn centur
urin
ly ty to
it
id
in
un
ly
th
Th
BC
te ma
th
id
fr
tw
th
vious
th
ic
ield
lik th
is
Ca
im
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th it
fo us
ith
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ve in
th
um
ie
Ho
io
this
Lik mo
ime
tu
ic
ib
ield
's in
Ph
lus
msto in ic te th it is th
th
the
to
te tio up
to
th
lo
urve
its ir li
ittl
te
th
th
ti
th (s
uth r's
ie
to
in 'L
th
id
in th
th ve tele
th Is
tur
AD
C.
the fin
cylindrical scutum in ie
ic
ti it
larg cir ula ty
in th An
to
th
io
te
ir
mple
is ro
th
ld Th
te ur
th
tr tiv
us
fairly lo me
th Pr
toria
ic it ismo
tu ly
inte
Th Ca
ith imil
rovid
it
ly th
th
ll ia Relie Guard
ve
unli
to ra ing
le motifs this
ul
ve
ield veli
ibl tha the Pr toria ith ro ze lo
in te
ima
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pila were
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le
je
us un
th in Ho Hi
uld
Th mm Roma milita va it ur Reconstruction by the uthor
tr Do
ly
scutum iv
in
mi-
this th
tte
ty
ta
ic
th
Su
id le
vi
us
ie
ve in it
ractic
Valerius Crispus). Byth
lic th
Th latte
viously to in
th
ield (A
th
uc
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th lo
th lo intr
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ud in
vy
te
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th
ta
ic
re remove
uc
it
ir th
i-
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th
th scutum un
th
ia
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tu
th
te
th
ls
th fa
ti ue in
th
ve
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th
ve
Pomp
tte ub que tly remove
la ig te
th
type pilum va
ith
ig t,
pilum
ly
lt
in
lo
ti ve
's tim
in
tw
scutum
trip
ie vy ty
ipti
ve
th
le io
tur ---o
te ty
Th
th
to in
Gr is
th
restill carr ing tw pila
th
th
ith ir ly mu
is
th
Eu
te
quipme
id
to
fo ma
ie ve
scutum ts th urth Celtic ield in th id-g it me lete
th
is
ve
th
tur
tl
fo
Th javelin Th
ll
in
tw ty
th hasta
in th
le thru ting
th pilum
it javelin. Be us th javelin
foun
vi
main th
tw ite
in
iffe th
tte ie eofAl ia it
il
if
th
to
te
th
t,
in
t:
vi in
in
ig
il
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le
th
ma
it
le th
le io
veli
this
iff
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th
it
te
le io
ie
in
ile uxilia ie le
(M in
th
ie in
it
me tio th
mi
e,
its lif
ig
mail
ia
to th
's
tic
ttin
it it th ti
th
io
calle ie
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th
ma th into
th
th
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lt
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ie
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th
ut th
in
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is
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tio
is ue to
uxilia
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lts is
tur
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tw
ig
rm
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th
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ti fl
ta
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th
id
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urin
ugustus th id
ip
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il
Th milita
to
istributi
th
fo
vi us
te
ie
fittin
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la
ti ie
utiful in id
th
tu in
ith Pr torium)
th
ts ve
th
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id
te th
iety us
th
in
th
-a ttin
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t,
in
to
th
th
in
tt
me th me
th
te
te
th
it
th
to
it tu
th
tu
thre
th
tr
is iffi ul to tell ie
if
gladius,
igin
ti
in ua its
ra ce
ti
ration
silve
ld 'withre
me inla
ti trip
in
lc tr
Aut 's tructio th Im ia Gallic ty 'I lm fr th Rive Rhin Main Only th ul th igin lm urvive th ua to temp tt Pa mplete qui me ma th ut th Ri mu um m, ijme Netherlands)
te
us um
ti
il ie
tructio th
to
th
id
in in ie
to th
il
th ith
tt
it
ilt, thin
tsid
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COIl{lusiOIl
(Left) curve-side scutum (hypoth tica reconstruction by the ut Au usta te Th ib th urviva fr muc li ield this ty (Rig t) Th th same shield showing br cing, though to have be introduce urin th ig Au ustus to tiffe li te ield-b qu Riveredg Foundation Calg ry Canada
Th limitation un -plate Th
th
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in
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An in in ls te
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tr
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R om e
ta itin
hic is
latio mit fo tr te up
th
urvivin
uc
Ta itu
nerally vailabl uth
mu
-at-A ms th
ic
le ve it uth tail
is
availabl
pace
om astounding crue ties
ax
es ab ishmen Auth
's
'Ful m' tt me te in mp te im ve th Rive Th me Th mp mb te -o Ge ma th origin Fulh bl de-form, lock t, fr me nd ter-min l.This tt ve in th Roma Rhin rs century AD, ro uctio iving to th 'Pomp ii' type urin th reig ofTiberi us. (In th coll ction ofMr. T. W.Rath, Vermont, USA) Th
shou
be re embe ed
om na
of hese bene it an th
aintenance
ucti
re pons ble; an
hough, or many differen
ea on
board. A2
ma
Au
period AI
g io n
man
R ep ub l
pe od
2I
pteruges, 'C', which
pteruges
do
ck
ed
crown. scutum,
measuring
Auth 's tructi Corb id ty l o ii c a s e gm e n t a t 'A', foun th ite th Roma up ly Corst piturn ne to Corbridge in Northumberland of th (In th coll cti Lanc hire School Mus um Service
ic
th
tt
te
th
in
tendency. is le
'C',
ty
Sc
ie
te tein
is ty
ie
it
vy fr fr
ta
info
trikin
th
'p
imply
l.
th
tud
id
th
th
tyin
th th
ie
th
to
th
mi-
id in
te
usin te ti
scutum oflater
fo ig
to
urve
th in
th
ts
this
ta
thic
is
ta
in
th
ur in
utsid
lm t, in te
lin ic
in th ta
th
te urin
tr
ic
It is ifficul to un
fa meth
lo
fa te in
je tin
-gua
ve
to th
ve
th
to
lm it
ti
ls
ie
in
this in
ir
each sid rm. Th
A3
ma
ield is
Au
ith its te
id
th
period Th lo
il
th
th
li
ub
this fi ur is ls to
ield
ie
ld ic
im
th
to th
le
to
ti
to to
this
ig
to tail
th ir
ul
this
ve
te
in th
tu
imil
is fi ur
in
doublet. th
ly te ito
is
th
us ty
'E
in th th Sc
ts this
id
lu
Th
tr
ve
more re
it ma
imil t-
r.
ti
th
te
il id
Th
T ib e a n
fe
te
th
to th
us
fr
this th
ia to th
ul
if
tu
te
imil
th
te itt
tu io
isve us
th
to
liefso th
tifia le
th
un tio
is
tte
in
in
th
in
te
it
th
ve
I)
us
to th
te
to
th
to tu io
id tu
ul ir
in
itis
ik
tail ut
to tr
11A u gu s a , a t A u gu s a n
is
th t,
's
ls
llio
it
it is
period
pteruges
ty
th
BI: C e n tu r ia , L e g i
is
ik
th
il
to ve is th
ie
ll
pteruges unnecessary; however
th 'kilt' th
ic
Colchester.
ub ic ir in
tr th
ve lm
t,
mig
its lf is
th
ve to
tyli
te fo th
is
Reco tructio th uth Co lu ty 'E' th late Augusta period Helmets ofthis type pp to have be mour is ue Calgary Canada)
to th
le io
Rive
Foun
ti
H ip p ik a G ym n a a . pteruges,
The scutum
th corselet
centur ev op
man ufacture. G em i
B2:
is
century
AD
om
AD
ul
AD
42
for
ev loricaplumata pteruges
es centuries
principales AD
pteruges.
aquilifer.
parma,
CI
L eg io n nf nt man century AD
L eg i
VIII Augusta, mid-ist
groin -guard
issu type of'Potnpeii' pattern infantry sword, etnplo in th scab ar ts said to av ee fo nd at in sor, t, in th tn le ford (P rt corrrplereequipmen fo th ertfordshire Schools
defenc Aq century
available Fi AD
mi
st century
AD
Tw vie
of th
uth
's reconstructio
of
ro ze cavalr
Melros
Scotland Hehn ts ofthis type re show onthe gr ve ta ur ut 's collection)
st centur
AD
mi century
AD
al
e,
nc no
or mi century
pteruges donae,
ur
AD
etorques
ar
phalerae.
d, pr
bl armilla or ed of pteruges
female adornment.
la ge elaboratel
embo ed phalerae
Co
D2: A u x i a r
tr hese sidear ld re te tury
th 's io usually engraved an inlaid ith silver l. to evidence st centur AD bu re-e erge in th rd larg rath re lity ie
er
c or on a c iv ic a (the
the c or on a a u re a )
charges. clipeus,
he er
ut
phalerae
m,
1 S t - century
n fa n r ym a n , mid-i s t c en tu r
torques,
el
As
AD
AD
D3: I m a n i
1S
AD
Genialis, imagnifer ea
ec
er
om
ea AD
43
th sidearms
altered.
signifer B2),
ar
on ci ze
(dona)
us
or
or
imagnifer Auxilia
mid-t si century
AD
's
lt
in-gua
Th uc le lt-plate Hill, Dors t, no in the Durde Coll ction. (P rt ofa complete quipment made th uth fo th Co iuium Mus um, Ci ce te
pteruges
33
E2: L eg io na r
n fa n
man
m id -
en ur
AD
L eg io na r
n fa n y m a n
e co n h a
th
s t c en tu r
AD
early
Reco in un
tructio t, th in th
th oexillum
te
mb
th
id to ve th lb
foun um
in in
AD
ve ts
Lo
it
name. ma
FI:
century
Ad
AD
centur
34
AD
st
er that of
as ic us
plate.
Auth
F2: A u x i a r
n fa n tr ym a n
C oh o
E q u a ta , T ra ja n
period
's
tructi
uxilia
La de mus um, Bo n, with ch (C rinium Mus um, Cir nc st r)
ty
-guard
Scotland. wearingperones
on F3
L eg i n a
an
man
representations. 'C', was
ar
Jeminalia,
Tr an
un
lm
of Biid rich ty
bracae, the
bracati.
'A
pe
Jeminalia, Jemen-the principales
T,
al
Ci
P ro v n c a l e ga te , e ar l I m p e r a l p e r o d
el
co
ur
G3
Co
n , T ra ja n
pe od
pteruges o r c a s qu am a t
coarse linen, simila to
recent
discovered po tion
cornu
ha
en
ad
cornu
Ne cornu
leathers. G2:
un
bu e,
mpe al pe od
( tr ib u nu s
a u gu s c la v iu s) .
it (tribunus laticlavius) Senate.
C av a century
There
Re
tructio
inva io
pe
Al
th
uth We
Brit in El
mp te quipme Nijmegen Netherlands)
No
te in th
m,
st
'Pomp ii' tte infa tr this ty urin tain io to th AD, ti this in Ri
mu
um G.M. Kam,
turma of
abiu
turma of
abiu
this spatha
es en iall
im la
th in an ry word
present. ge
ng
ea
pe
ar
al
alae cohors equitata.
H2: C av a
o op e
Al
No
u m , mid-t s t c en tu r turma of Claudius
lr
wearsJeminalia,
mail. It in
te
ti
tu
timb
mp
BoudicanRevolt of AD 60-61,and may have been fo cavalr mounts
tructe trainin
base
Tw
vi
rrrid-z st centur
fr
Nijltle ua collection)
th ut 's th ti tructi cavalry trooper's hebmet, base on fragments nd Leid Th lm ir ul in it mb Auth 's
Bibliography an
author's addres
n: T h A rm o ma mp Webs er Pete Connolly G r ma Pete Connolly Legions ma Or Ba A. Maxf eld: T h M i a r Arrrry (r98r) Polybius: T h e H i st or ie s- Lo e b eo og ca
an ev
pr vi
on
mpe R om e (r 975 A rm y (r969) me W a (r98r) A rm y of m p e R om e -A n 980) D e co ra t o n of h e R o m a n
(r967)
or reconstructed Roman lDilitary
equdprnent
ow
dr
9a
dg
39
Le io ,3
Le io
infa tr ma
late Re ubli
infa tr me ,l te
ugusta
io to Ti
ia
io
tu io Si
if
quilif
io Le io io
ug ta
te
in
Ti
udia
ia
ugusta ia id is
to io id
ib ia
io
ilia
in
tr
id
1: 2: 3:
io egio ar
in antryman
id-1st
io uxilia Le io
in in
tr
io
tr
infa tr ma
iutrix quit ta
Tr ja ic
io
te ic
io
Pr vin ia Ju io Co ic
le
te
tribun Tr
ly Im mp ia
ic
io
ia
io io
