Hail Caesar - Army List BiblicalOCR

Horrifying liairy liairy Hu nnic horsemen!

An Egyptian division division runs into trouble in the deep of the desert

Camel-sharing Midianite Arabs Charge! Assyrian charioteers charioteers rum ble towards their quaking enemy

Up close close and personal - just how the G ree k like it! it!

I III

..1.1.1

Horrifying liairy liairy Hu nnic horsemen!

An Egyptian division division runs into trouble in the deep of the desert

Camel-sharing Midianite Arabs Charge! Assyrian charioteers charioteers rum ble towards their quaking enemy

Up close close and personal - just how the G ree k like it! it!

I III

..1.1.1

W itten By By Rick Priestley

Cover Artwork  Peter Dennis

Photography Alan Perry, Michael Perry, Kevin Dallimore, Duncan Macfarlane, Eric Hagen and Wargames Illustrated 

Design and Layout Paul Sawyer and Tim Vincent

Editing Duncan Macfarlane and Mark Owen

W ith it h Speci Special al Thanks Than ks To Bennett BlalockDoane, Dr Phil Hendry, The Phoenix Wargames Club, Paul Tysoe, Carl King, The Worcester Wargames Club, Andy Bartlett, Pete Brown, James Manto, Neil Smith, Craig Woodfield and Scott K. ISBN 978' 0' 9563581' 3' 4 © Copyright Warlord Games Ltd. 2011 Warlord Games, the Warlord Games logo. Hail Caesar and the Hail Caesar logo are trademarks of Warlord Games Ltd. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, reproduced, stored in a rettieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means without the pri or written permission of the publisher, publisher, nor  be otherw otherwise ise circu circulate lated d in any any form ofbfoding or cover cover other than than that in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed upon the subsequent purchaser.

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Opposing hoplites engaged in battle

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\ C am on Caesar

4

' ecrive of the Lists ..................................... .......4 References a nd Notes ............................................4 Riming Values ...................................................4 Composition Guidelines Rrints Values

.....................................  6

.........................................................6

of Ar m ies ..........................................................7 Risking Use of These Lists ................................... 7 A Vote o f Useful Rules ........................................7 -  Final note on Chro nolo^

...............................7

Army Lists

8

Cld and Middle Kingdom Egypt ......................8  Nub ians

..................................................................9

Akkad and Sumer

................................................

 9

i S

Assyrian Empire ............... ..............................23

 Nu mi dia ns

.........................................................„57

 N eE ab y lo n ia n ..................................... ..............24

Meroitic Kushite

Ur artu ..................................................................25

Sp an ish ..................................................................59

S y t h i a n .......................................... ...................... 26

la te Maced onian .............................................60

Saite E ^p tian

Seleucid

................................................28

................................................58

.

61

............................

Lydian ............................................................ ....29

Pt ol em aic ..............................................................62

Kyrenean G ree k ..................................................  30

Han C hin a ........................................................... 64

Early Achaemenid Persian.................................31

C elt ibe ria n............................................................65

Early Carth agin ian ............................................32

 p

Ho plit e Gre ek ..................................................... .34

Early G er m an .......................................................67

Th ra ci an ................................................................35

Maccabean Jewish

h ic

..................................................................66

..............................................68

Sa mn ite..................................................................36

Sarmatians

Later Ho plite Gree k ..........................................37

Artax iad Arm enia n ............................................70

Pauravan and Mauryan Ind ians ......................38

An cien t B ritons ...................................................71

S ac u sa n ..............................................................39

Mithridatic Pontic

Camillan Rome

Dacian

..................................................

 41

 69 ...........................................................

..............................................72

..................................................................73

Am orite Ba bylo nia...............................................10

Gauls

Early Ara b Ra id er s...............................................12

Illyr ian ......................................... ......................... 43

Imperial Rom an ..............................................76

Can aanite s ............................................................ 13

Later Achaemenid P ersian .................................44

Jewish Revolt .......................................................78

M ita nn i..................... .............................................. 14

Alexandrian Macedonian

K u s h a n ..................................................................79

 42 ....................................................................

.................................45

Ma rian R om an .....................................................74

H itti te s...................................................................15

Qin China

Mycenaean ............................................................16

Alexan der's Succ essor s........................................48

 New K ingd om E ^ p ti a n ..................................... .17

Hellenistic G ree k ................................................ 50

Points Values

Early Assyrian........................................................18

Bactria n G re ek .....................................................51

Troop Types

 No rth Eu rop ean Bron ze Ag e ..... ...... .... .... .... ...19

 47 ...........................................................

Appendix

80 .......................................................80 .........................................................80

Car thag inian .......................................................52

Weapons .........................................................80

Libyan.....................................................................20

Republican Rome

Special Rules .........................................................81

Sea

Galatians

Peoples............................................................21

Israel a nd Ju d ea h .................................................22

..............................................53

.............................................................55

.

Parthians ........................................................56

Com mon Useftil Rules

.....................................

83

Infantry o f the Bibliral and Classical Eras ......83

The purpose of these lists is therefore to provide examples of the kind of stats and special rules that we would typically use to represent the armies described. In addition the lists contain army composition guidelines that define the proportions of different troops available to a typical force. Lastly the lists give points values for different units, so that players who feel the need can arrange to play games with armies selected to a predetermined points total.

This supplement to W arlord Games' Hail Caesar rulebook 'contains army lists and gaming stats for no fewer than sixty three armies of the ancient world. The armies included in this book take US from the dawn of civilisation up to the mid-third cenurry AD. A second supplement will cover the armies of late antiquity up to th e early middle ages. Our army lists include stats for all of the best-known and widely collected forces for which 2 8mm sized models are currently available. O f course it is impossible to provide stats for every nation or culnrre th at bore arms over the several tho us an d years C-Overed. Tho se seeking fi rrthe r examples, or details for more obscure or exotic armies are therefore referred to: www.warlordgames.com.

REFERENCES AND NOTES The header for each army list gives its title and the era covered by the list, for example, Sassanid Persian 3rd  - 6 th Century   AD. The lists are presented broadly in chronological order, although with some armies covering longer time periods than others there is inevitably a fair amount of overlap. Immediately below the title I have listed a series of key search  words th at describe leaders,  bat tles or camp aigns asso ciated wi th th at pa rti cu lar army. If you enter any of these into your internet search engine you will find information about the history and  bac kg rou nd of th e cho sen army. I hav e t rie d to select words and phrases that are most readily recognised by search engines, which is why some of the spellings or names may be variants of the army's title or other words used in the lists.

Of the many people who have helped pu t these lists together I. would particularly like to thank Dr Phil Hendry and Paul Tysoe for their very timely and informed contributions. I'd also like to thank all those who have commented and  prov ided ideas via the v arious on-lin e forums .

OBJECTIVE OF THE LISTS The Hail Caesar rulebook provides standard ised or typical stat values for different kinds of troops, and these can be used to represe nt any ancient or early medieval army. The rulebook also includes a selection of special rules that we have found useful for tailoring armies to our own requirements. We imagine other players will wish to devise their own special nrles and create armies in the same fashion as ourselves  based on the ir own reading of history, fiction, film, TV or upo n the ir imagination. In this respect a book of army lists such as this is not strictly required to play Hail Caesar.

I have included a short historical gloss, but on the whole I have avoided writing a potted history of each army as that would have taken up a great deal of space th at could otherwise be used to present mo re armies. For historical  bac kg rou nd I refe r rea ders to th e key search w ords as explained above. The intro duc tion to each army also includes any addition al special rules or variants o f rules,  bu t I have only add ed thes e wh ere I th ou gh t th ey were  pret ty muc h essen tial to th e cha racte r o f the army. Th e main p urpose o f these notes is to explain the choices I made when it came to representing the different ttoop types, and in some cases to provide alternatives or to point out where a specific historical context m ight inform an army’s composition.

During the early development of the rules it was assumed that  players wo uld n't be mu ch inte reste d in army lists. However, as the game developed more players became involved in our  battles, and they began to ask abo ut stats and special rules for armies they already owned. I therefore decided to pu t this volume together to demonstrate how the most popular armies can be represented using t he Hail Caesar rule system.

GAMING VALUES

      -

Stats for the d ifferent types o f troops are given in the fo rmat shown below. As you can see this is the same form at as used in Hail Caesar with the addition ofa column for the points value. By-and-large these conform to the values given in the Troop Types section of Hail Caesar and should therefore come as no surprise.

TROOP VALUES Combat

Unit

Heavy infa ntr y elite h .p lite s arnred with long spears

Clash

Sustained

Short Range

fong Range

7

7

3 /0

0

Morale Stamina Save 4+

6

Special

Phalanx, Elite

Points Value 35 per unit

I

n

ü

Hittites and allies pouring from b ehind the walls ofKad esh.

Unit: The name of the unit (hoplites, legionaries, spearmen, etc), the basic type (heavy infantry, medium infantry, etc) and weapons carried (spears, javelins and swords, long spears, etc). Combat: The four combat values each indicate the num ber of attack dice rolled in hand-to-hand or ranged fighting: Clash, Sustained, Short Range, and Long Range. Clash: The nu mber of attacks in the first round of each and every hand-to-hand combat. Sustained: The num ber o f attacks in all subsequent rounds of hand-to-hand combat. Short Range: This is both the num ber of attacks used when supporting in hand-to-hand combat, and the number of attacks for ranged shooting and skirmishing up to 6" distance. If a single value is shown it is used for b oth. If two values are shown the first is used for supporting and the second is used for ranged attacks. Split values such as these are commonly used for troops that carry no missile weapons and which are unable to make short ranged attacks although they can still support, e.g. pikemen.

and u p to the m aximum range of the weapon carried. Typically such troops carry bows, slings or crossbows. Morale Save: The minimum dice score required to negate a successftil enemy attack - i.e. the unit’s ‘save'. The save is related to the amou nt o f armour worn an d th e size of shields carried, because these things offer both physical and  psychological pr otec tion. Troop s usually wear ar mo ur  because they ex pect to get stu ck in an d fig ht at close quarters, but some troops are quite happy to plunge into combat while practically - or even literally - naked. Stamina: The number of casualties a unit can take before it is 'shaken' with all that entails. The stamina value is the maximum num ber of casualties that can be recorded onto a unit from turn-to-turn, and it is usually 6 for standard sized units, 4 for small units, 8 for large units and 3 for artillery. Special: This column indicates any 'usefrjl rules' that are applied as well as referencing any rules specific to that list. See the appendix for more about these. Points Value: The points value of the unit or, in some cases, the extra points paid for a un it upgrade or a reduction applied either to reduce the unit's size or to give it a disadvantageous special rule.

COMPOSITION GUIDELINES Divisions 4 units+

The composition guidelines are inten ded to reflect the historical strengths and weaknesses of the armies concerned. There is no need to stick rigidly to these if players prefer not to. A scenario may call for a specific mix of ttoops, in which case the guidelines may not be appropriate.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

The guidelines define the pro portion of infantty to cavalry and other types as indicated at the start of each list. This is given in the format shown below. This example is from the Imperial Roman list. Infantry 50%+

At least half the units in the army must  be infa ntry oth er th an skirmisher s.

legions 25%+ of infantry

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infantry units in the army must be legionaries of one type or another.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the unite in the army can be cavalry.

Artillery

There must be at least three legionary unite for every artillery uni t fielded, and no more heavy or medium artillery than light artillery units in total.

Divisions must cont ain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led  by a co mma nder . Divisions can contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

The number of divisions in the army is not fixed, although in most cases a division must contain at least four units not counting skirmishers. Aside from this obligation, the player is free to organise his army into as many divisions as he wishes. Division commanders are generally free but occasionally incur a cost as noted in the list itself. One division commander must be nomina ted as the general in the usual way. As a general principle I have separated ou t skirmishers and limited the irumber that can be included in mixed divisions. I have done this to place some limits on their ability to act independently, and hence their overall effectiveness compared to battle line ttoops. For example, in the example given above a division could con tain four units of Roman legionaries plus up to two units o f skirmishers (i.e. half the num ber of nonskirmisher infantty).

In addition some units can only be fielded in limited numbers, often Just one, whilst others can be upgraded within certain limits as in the examples below. These examples also come from the Imperial Roman list.

TROOP VALUES Combat

Unit Clash

Heavy infantry legionaries armed  with püa and swords

S us ta in ed

S h or t R ange

Long R ange

3

0

3

0 0

7

Extra to upgrcule legionaries to elite - up to half 

7

Extra to upgrade legionaries to veteran - up to 1 unit

7

1

3

Morale Stamina Save

4 4+ 4+

6 6 6

Special

Points v a lu e

Drilled, Testudo

32 per unit

Drilled, Elite, Testudo

+3 per  unit

 Drilled,  Elite, Tough fighters, Stubborn, Testuclo

+7 per unit 

The limitations on the propo rtions o f different ttoop types, and the restrictions on the numbers o f some specific units, mean that armies chosen using these guidelines will present a mix of troops that is historically credible and tolerably  playable with in t he con tex t of o ur game .

POINTS VATUES

My intent ion here is simply to allow players to arrange games  between compa rably sized forces w here they wish to do so, for example at a club meeting where each of four players might agree to bring along 300 pointe to contribute towards a combined force.

I have worked out points values for each unit to reflect its broad capabilities within the game. The greater the  po int s value , t he be tte r the un it is in mo st s itu atio ns. O f course, circumstances may sometimes dictate th at troops perform better or worse than one might expect, either because of unfavourable terrain or some combination of opposing troops. We must learn to be sanguine about such things.

The calculation for working out points values is given separately and at length in the appendix, should players wish to work out values for further ttoop types or new armies.

6

HAtt CAESAR ARMY LiSTS Π Ζ Ε OF ARMIES

to fall within the parameters given. These proportions are intended to give players an ‘at a glance’ idea ofwhat a typical army looks like. For example, is it mostly infantry with a few cavalry, a good mix of both , o r an army that is  predomi nant ly made up of horsemen? Altho ugh this will undoubtedly be useful for players new to the world of ‘ancients', there can be very few old hands w ith expert knowledge of all the armies represented. I therefore hope tha t th e guidelines will prove useful to all players whether they choose to make hill use of them or not.

The lists are primarily designed for choosing armies of retween three and six divisions, with something like four to ' Xunits in each division. A small force would therefore comprise twelve units in three divisions. Restrictions placed on the availability of some units assume armies within these .imits. If players wish to field especially large armies they might wish to adjust these minimums proportionately, and we leave this up to players to decide for themselves... A satisfactory game can be played in a few hours with 300 ints per side. This is sufficient to field three divisions in most armies. Double this value, 600 points, gives a game that can still be concluded in an evening quite easily. Obviously, with larger armies it is advantageous to have several players on each side as described in the Hail Caesar rulebook.

Finally we come to the points values. These have been included so that players can choose armies to a  predete rmined value, as many readers who already own ancient armies, and fight ancient battles, will be used to that kind of format. Hail Caesar is different from most sets of rules in that it is not designed for frghting matched armies in strict competition . It is primarily aimed a t playing umpired scenarios in the fashion depicted in the rtilebook. However, there is no denying it is often convenient to be able to talk in terms of a 300, 400 or whatever points army, especially when arranging to play games at clubs, get-togethers or against new opponents. The formula used to calculate the points value is given separately in the appendix, together with some further discussion of how it is applied.

MAKING 'USE OF THESE LISTS The Hail Caesar rules have been developed to play the kind of games its autho r and contrib utors enjoy: namely, multi player scenario-based bat tles w ith an umpire who n ot only moderates play, b ut usually determines victory conditio ns and concocts any special rules that are needed. We found it soon became necessary to write down the stats for the various troops, if only to save the effort o f re-inventing them for every game! As we played more games we experimented with different ways of representin g different troops, sometimes entirely successfully and sometimes less so. Eventually, we hone d o ur sense of judgement, and after a while we came to accept th at some types of troops were best fielded as small units, or with standard useful rules, or with specific combinations of fighting values. Th e lists in this supplement demonstrate these principles. For example, light cavalry and horse archers are almost always fielded as small units because this puts them into a skirmishing and supporting role as seems generally most appropriate.

A NOTE ON USEFUL RULES I have included more about the various useful rules and how they are applied in the appendix (see page 80). At this stage it is worth saying that I have selected from all the useful rules only those I felt were applicable in a general context without either slowing down play or introducing too much unpredictability. I have adopted a ‘light touch', as my feeling is that this keeps the basic framework of the game solid, and is sufficient to characterise the units concerned. Those who favour a more generous approach (and whose memories are up to the task!) can easily apply or devise more useful rules as they wish and they are welcome to do so.

The stats given, and the application of useful rules, demonstrate otir approach. They are not meant to be definitive or bindin g. They are examples. If players int end to  portray p articula r armies as they appeared a t specific battles then they will no doubt wish to use their specialist knowledge to determine the opposing forces. One obvious example of such variation is to make units elite, or raw, or levy as seems mos t credible - because troops could begin a campaign as one and easily end it as another! Th e interpretatio ns provided by the lists are inevitably generalised to some extent. In our own battles we would quite happily adjust a stat slightly, or add or even invent a useful rule for a game if that suited our purpose. We would suggest that umpires creating scenarios and running games look upon our lists as a helpful starting point and nothing more.

A FINAL NOTE ON CHRONOLOGY The armies are listed roughly in ord er of earliest first, thoug h as some armies cover longer time spans tha n othe rs there is necessarily some overlap. I have given only approximate dates for the armies described, an d where a specific date may be relevant I have usually mentioned this in the notes. Bear in mind I have used the ttaditional chronology when fixing dates for the Late Bronze Age, as opposed to the  New C hronology championed by David Rohl amongst others. This is because the mass of current research uses the traditional dating, and to try and reconcile the two is simply too great a task to at tempt for a set of army lists. However, where the  New C hronology suggests  potential synchronicity I have tended to p oint this out as a matter of general interest.

The composition guidelines are intended to reflect the character and general appearance of the actual armies described, as far as this is possible to gauge when dealing with battles fought so many hundr eds of years ago. We wottld not think to apply these proportions strictly in our own scenario-based games, leaving the composition of the armies up to whoever has devised the scenario instead. However, it is worth pointing out that our collections have  been buil t to represent the ir historic prototypes and so te nd 

7

s

oth-jyth centuries BC

O L D A N D M ID D L E K IN G D O M E G Y P T IA N

This is the Egyptian army of the Old and Middle Kingdom prior to the introduction of the chariot. As such it is often neglected in favour of the army of the New Kingdom with its chariots and more exotic troop types. None the less it is an interesting combination of native and allied troops and a good match for ite historic opponents. Search The Pyramid Age, The First Intermediate Period, Tire Hyksos and the Second Intermediary Period. At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher units in the army must be m edium infantry archers including any Ahauty archers.

Archers 25%+

Ahauty up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the non-skirmisher units in the army can be Ahauty (hereditary warriors).

Divisions 4 + units

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to a half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Old &. Middle Kingdom Egyptian Troop Values Combat

Unit

Claslr  Sustained Short Range

l^ng Ratige

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Henu Nefru Egyptian medium infantry witlr stabbing spears and shields

6

6

3/ 0

0

5+

>

Extra to make He m Nefru mercenary  Nubians - up to half such waits

6

6

3 /0

0

5+

6 

+3 per wnit

Ahauty Egyptian med ium infantry with stabbing spears an d shields

b

b

3/ 0

0

5+

6

23 per unit

Ahauty Egyptian medium infantry with eye-axes and shields

7

6

2/0

5+

6

23 per unit

Shemsu Egyptian medium infantry with double-handed axes - up to 1  u nit per division

7


2/0

0

5+

6

Tough fighters

25 per unit

Egyptian medium infantry militia archers

5

5

3

3

5+

6

Levy

21  per unit

5

-5

3

3

Extra to make  archers mercenary  Nubians - wp to halfsuch wnits Ahauty Egyptian medium infantry archers

5

Libyan or Kushite light infantry archers fielded as small uirits

3

3 3

2

2

Levy

20 per unit

b

+ 3 per wnit

5+

6

24 per unit

0

4

14 per unit

+

3

2

2

0

0

9 per unit

 Extra to give skirmishers slings as Semite nomads  - up to I wnit

2

2

2

0

4 4

Levy

2

 Levy

+1   per wnit

Extra to give skirmishers bows as Semite or Nwbians - wp to I wnit

2

2

2

2

0

4

 Levy

+Ι per unit

Skirmishers with Javelins fielded as small units

Commanders

l com mander m ust be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Free

;

5

 centuries BC

: : : the south 0  Egypt and is known as Nubia in latet times. Its people are primitive, barbarous and exceptionally fierce - so much > - - .:e y are often recr uited as mercenaries by the Egyptian pharoahs. . :; :: Medjav, The Kingdom of Kerma, The Kingdom of Kush.

Skirmishing archers 25% .--.:ions 4 + units

Skimrishers per division 100 %  infantry or all

At least a quarter o f units in th e army mus t be skirmishers with bows. Divisions must contain at least 4 units and must be led by a commander. Guard must form par t of the general's division. Divisions may contaiir as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infentry, or alternatively they may conta in all skirmishers.

 N ub ia n Tr oo p Val ues U nit

Com bat Clash Sustained  Short Range

long Rairge

Morale Stamina Save

special

Pointe Value

 Nu bia n Gu ard - ligh t in fan try with bows and javelins

5

5

3

3

6.

b

Eager, Marksmen, Valiant

27 per unit

 Nu bia n ligh t i nfa ntr y wi th mixe d  javelins and bows

5

5

3

1

6.

6

Eilger 

21  per unit

5

2

1

6.

6

Eager 

22  per unit

1

6 6

 Eager, Wild fighters

.3 per )mit

Frenzied charge,  Eilger, Wild  fighters

+6 per unit 

 Nu bia n ligh t i nfa ntr y w arb and wit h mixed javelins and bows  Make warband wild fighters

7

5

 Make warband frenzied - up to 1 unit 

7

5

2

1

6 6

Skirmishers w ith javelins

5

4

3

0

0

6

Eager

18 per un it

Skirnrishers with bows

4

4

3

3

0

6

Eager 

20  per unit

Commanders

1 commander must be provided per division. Tire general has leadership 8. All otlrer commanders lrave leadership 7

AKKAD A N D SUMEF

Free

25th-2 th centuries BC

These are the armies of the world's earliest empires. In these distairt times Mesopotamia was divided into small city states tlrat were constantly at war with each other. Th e very first chariots appear during this period and are draw n by wild asses - called onagers. Proper horse-drawn chariote make an appearance about 200. BC. Onager chariots are drawn by four wild asses - we slrall treat them as ligltt chariots with a span o f four and suggest basing them as heavy chariots. Because of their ferocious ill temper an d th e legendary intractability of the wild ass, any order given to an onager chariot tin it or division of which it is a part will blunder o n a roll of 11 or 12. Search Eanna tum of bagash. Stele of the Vultures, Ur-Nammu, Akkadian Empire, Sargon the Great.

Chariots up to 25%

Up to a quarter of h e units in the army can comprise chariots.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the units in the arnry must comprise infantry other than skirmishers.

Sumerian or Akkadian spearmen or Royal Guard 2 5% . o f infantry

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infantry units must be either Sumerian/Akkadian medium infantry with long spears, or Royal Guard.

Divisions 4+ unite

Divisions must contain a: least 4 units excluding skirmishers aird mus t be led by a command er.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to lralf as many skirmisher unite as they coirtain non-skirmisher infantry.

/ '

Akkad & Sumer Troop Values C om bat

Unit Clash

6

Sumerian cr Akkadian medium infantry with long spears

Sustained  Sliort Range

M orale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Range

3/0

0

2

0

5+

6

4

3

3

0

6

Royal Guard med ium infantr y with double-handed weapons and throw-sticks 1 u nit maximum Sumeriair or Akkadian liglit infantry archers

hong

23

 unit

25

 unit

6

20'

 unit

11

 unit

10

 unit

5+ Tough fighters

Skirmishers witlr javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small uttits

2

2

2

2

0

4

Amorite skirmishers with bows fielded as small units - up to 1 per Amorite warliand 

2

2

2

2

0

4

6

2

0

6+

6

Wild fighters

25 per unit

AmoriK medium infantry tribal warband with spears, javelins and bows

7

Levy

12  per

unit

Gutian liglit infantry with double-lianded weapons and throw sticks fielded as small units

5

4

1

0

6+

4

Marauders

18 per u nit

Elamite liglit infantry arcliers fielded as small units

4

4

2

2

0

4

Marauders

18 per unit

6

6

3

0

4+

6

See notes

27 per unit

Onager-drawn light chariots with  javelin-a rmed crews

1   comm ander must be provided per division. All c.mmanders Including general have leadership

Commanders

Free 8.

AMORITE BABYLONIA

2

th-"jdrth centuries BC

This is the army of Babylon unde r Hamm urabi which drove the Elamites back from Mesopotamia and established an empire that stretched from Mari to Ur. C hariots are now a firmly established part of armies of the Near East. The option to field Salium Kabitum as spearmen reflects earlier Akkadian tactical practice and allows US to field an army from before the rise of the Amorite dynasty of Babylon (C.1894 BC). Sabum Kabitum nreans 'heavily armed' and describes the regular, trained troops who had something by way of armour. Sabum Quallatum means ‘lightly armed'. By Hammurabi's day Babylonian troops fought with shorter spears and javelins in the Amorite Style. This list can also be used for the succeeding Kassite period that emerged after the sack of Babylon by the Hittites (C.1585 BC). It will also serve to represent any of the Amorite Kingdoms of which Babylon was the largest and most powerful: for example, Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna, Ashur, Mari and Yamklrad. Search: Hammurabi, Old Babylonian Period 

Chariote up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units iir the army can comprise chariots.

Cavalry up to 1 unit

The army can include a single unit o f cavalry representing scouts.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the uirits iir the army must comprise infanwy other th an skirmishers.

Light infantry archers 25%+ of infantry

At least one in four non-skirmisher infantry units must be light infantry archers. lig ht infantry archers include Bai'Irum, Elamite archers and chariot runners.

Divisions 4 + units

Divisions m ust conta in at least 4 units excluding skirmishers, except for cavalry where present, w ho always form a separate division with their own integral commander. This cavalry division does no t coun t for purposes of breaking the army. All divisions must lrave a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain u p to half as many skirmislaer units as they con tain non-skirmisher infantry.

:.Cl;

1

T

f 

Am orite Babylonian Troop Values Tnit

Combat

Morale Stamina Save

Clash Sustained Short Range

Long Range

6

2

0

5+

6

: 3  Guard medium in fa n t with double-handed . arvms and throw-sticks - up to 1 unit

Special

Points Value

Tough fighters

2.5 per unit

Sabum Kabitum - medium infantry armed with spears and Javelins

6

6

3

0

.5+

6

23 per unit

Replace Sahwm Kahitnm spears/javelins uith  long speare (all units or none)

6

6

3 /0

0

5+

6

+3 per l i t

Sabum Quallatum light infantry armed with spears/javelins or throw-sticks

5

5

3

0

6

6

20 per unit

Ö

5

3

2

6-\ 

6

Light infantry archers

4

4

,3

3

0

6

20 per unit

Light infantty archers as small units

3

3

2

2

0

4

14 per un it

6

2

0

6

0

6+

Extra to upgrade one nnit ofSabum Qwallatum to  Bai’Irum with double-handed  axes, j avelins and hows - ap to I wnit

Amorite medium infentry tribal warband with spears, javelins, bows  Reduction to make Amorite warbands levy

1

6

2

Amorite warbands may be eager no more titan half nwmher of warbands

1

6

2

Elamite light infantry archers fielded as small units- 1 unit only

4

4

2

Gutian light infantry with double-handed weapons and throw-sticks fielded as small units -1 unit only

5

4

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small unite

3

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small units

+6 per l i t

 Maraude-fs

6

Wild fighters

25 per unit

Wild fighters, Levy

-3 per l i t Free

6+

6

Wild fighters,  Eger 

2

0

4

levy. Marauders

16 per un it

1

0

6

4

levy. Marauders

16 per unit

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Skirmishers with short bows (rairge 12") fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Light chariots with botvarm ed crews

6

6

.3

3

4

6

30 per unit

Chariot runners, light infantry bowmen fielded as a small un it - up to 1 per chariot

3

3

2

2

0

4

Cavalry Scouts, bow'-armed light cavalry fielded as a small unit - 1 unit only

4

2

1

1

6+

4

Commanders

1 commander m ust be  prov ided per div isio n , All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Sub-unit with chariot

14 per unit

15 per unit

Free

THE TOIU M PH OF THE SPARTANS Herodotus has earned everlasting fame as the father of history and his accotmt of the wars  benveen the Greeks and Persians has coloured many of our views about warfare of the time. Here he describes the Spartan attack upon the Persians at Plataea. ‘When some time had elapsed they (the Spartans) advanced against  the Persians and  the Persians withstood them, krying side their hows. First of all a battle took  place flhowt the fence of hwcklers; and when that was thrown down, an obstinate fight  ensned nenr the temple of Ceres, an d for a long time, till at last the? came a t a close conflict: for the harharians laying hold  of the enemy’s spears, hroke them. And indeed, in cowrage and strengtli, the Persians were not inferior: hwt heing lightl? armed, the? were moreover ignorant  ofmilitar? disciple, and not equal to their adversaries

Socketless  New Kingdom  Egyptian c. 1400 BC (Perry Collection)

in skill; but at rushing forward singl?, or in, tens, or more or W e r in a hod?, the?  fell Mpon the Spartans and  perished.’

Herodotus, The Histories (after Cary)

.... « --

"

-----

.

.-..

11

l

l

l

i

l

i

.

.

         :

             /

...

             '

EARLY ARAS RAIDERS

J9th 8th centuries BC

Arabia was a constant source of raiders, mercenaries and settlers from the earliest times onward. This list is good for practically any early desert nomads, not all of whom would have possessed camels or fought from those they had. I've included the stats for those that do. Search Shasu, Midianites, Habiru, Apiru.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quarter o f the unite in the arm y can be camel-mounted cavalry.

Divisions 4+ tjnits

Divisions must contain at least 4 unite excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmislrers per division 50% of infanny

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Early Arab Raiders Troop Values C om bat

Unit

M orale Staiuina Save

Special

Points Value

Clitsh

S us ta in ed

S h or t Range

Long Range

Light infanny archers

4

4

3

-3

0

6

20  per

Light infantry archers as small units

.

.3

2

2

0

4

14 per un it

light infantry warband witlr spears and/or javelins

b

5

2

0

6+

b

20  per

Extra to make mrbands eager 

b

5

2

0

6+

6

Extra to make warband bodyguard   - Mp to 1 uni t

7 

5

2

0

6+

6

Light infantry with javelins

5

5

3

0

6+

6

20  per

unit

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small unite

3

2

2

0

0

4

11   per

unit

Skirmishers witlt slings fielded as small un its

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per

unit

Skirmislrers with short bows (range 12") fielded as a small unit

2

2

2

2

4

12  per

unit

Camel-mounted light caval.ty with javelins

6

5

3

0

6+

6

Feigned flight

27 per unit

Cam el-mounted light cavalry with javelins and bows - range 12 "

6

.5

3

,3

6+

6

Feigned flight

30 per unit

Com mander s

1 comm ander mus t be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership

Eager  Eager, Tough fighte

unit

unit

Free +2  pe rm

it 

Free 8.

Hittite chariots aird runircrs

CA NA AN ITE S

Itfth-Iith centuries BC

Canaanites were a broad group of Semitic peoples who inhabited the region o f Syria, Lebanon and Israel otherwise known as the  J - 2  TX . For our purpose it also covers the cities of northern Syria, such as Ugarit, which were also broadly Semitic, although with some -sanctions of language and culture. Ca naan was fought over by the Egyptians and Hittites with the cities of Canaan of ten divided r e ie e n them. Many of the cities were drawn into the empires of the Mitan ni and Hittites. :

Search: Phoenicians, Retenu, Amorites, Ugarit, Kadesh, Hazor, Aram.

Chariots 20%+

At least one in five of the uniß in the army m ust be charioK.

Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be infanny units other than skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 1 unit

The army can include up to one unit of cavalry.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions m ust conta in at least 4 un its excluding skirmishers, except for cavalry where pres ent, who always form a separate division with tlreir own integral comm ander. This cavalry division does n ot coun t for purposes of breaking the arnay. All divisions m ust have a commaiader.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantty

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain nonskirmisher infantry.

Canaanites Troop Values Combat

Unit Clasli

Sustained

Short

Long

Range

Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Tough figlrters

Points Value

6

6

3

0

5+

6

Canaanite medium infantry with mix of javelins and bows

6

6

3

.3

5+

6

26 per unit

Sea Peoples - medium infantry warband with spears and/or javelins

8

6

2

0

5+

6

24 per u n it

Canaanite light infantry archers

4

4

3

3

0

6

20 per un it

Habin i light infantry with a mix of javelins and bows fielded as small units

4

4

2

2

0

4

16 per unit

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small unite

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Skirmishers with bows fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Light chariots with javelin and bow-armed crews

6

6

3

3

4+

6

30 per unit

Maryannu light chariot with spear and javelinarmed crew - up to 1 unit

8

6

2

0

4+

6

Tough figlrters

29 per un it

Chariot runners, light infantry javelinmen fielded as small unite - up to 1 unit per chariot

3

3

2

0

6+

4

Sub-unit witlr chariot

13 per u nit

Cavalry scoute, bow-armed light cavalry fielded as small units - up to 1 unit

4

2

1

1

6

4

Com mand ers

1 comm ander must be provided per division. All comma nders including general have leadership 8.

Canaanite infantry guard with spears aird/or  javelins - up to 1 un it

24 per unit

15 per unit

Free

"The god o f war is impartial: he hands out death to the The Iliad  man who hands out death."

MITANMI

 juSthlth centuries BC

The Hurrian state of Mitanni ruled over an empire that extended into Syria and northern Mesopotamia from its homeland in what is today southeast Titrkey. The Hurrians were famed for their horses and chariots- They may well have introduced both into the warfare of the Near East. Many ancient terms used by Hittites, Egyptians and Canaanite s for chario t gear and th eir aristocratic warrior crews are claimed to be derived from the Hurrians. Mitanni grew to become the most powerful Hurrian kingdom after the fall of Babylon to the Hittites and Kassites. The Mitannian empire covered much of northern Mesopotamia and Syria and at that time Mitanni fought with Egypt for conttol of the Levant. Eor a while the empire of the Mitanni was the most powerhil of the various northern kiirgdoms in Mesopotamia. It eventually began to disintegrate under increasing pressure from its neighbours and from civil war within its own borders. The land ruled over by the Mitanni eventually fell to the Assyrians and was divided into a num ber o f successor states including Hanigalbat and Naharin which were drawn into the rival orbits o f the Assyrians and Hittites. Search Hurrian, Washukanni, Maryannu, Hanigalbat, Naharin.

Chariots 20%+

At least one in five of tire units in the army must be chariots.

Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter o f the un ie in the army must be infantry units other tlrat skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 1 unit

Tire army can include up to one unit of cavalry.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers, except for cavalry wlrere preseirt, who always form a separate division with their own integral commander. This cavalry division does not count for purposes of breaking tire arnry. All divisions must have a conrirrairder.

Skirmislrers pe r division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contaiir non-skirmisher infantry.

M itanni Troo p Values Combat

Unit

Claslr  Sustained Short Range

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Hurriair or Syrian nrediunr infontry Shukitukhlu witlr long spears a nd slrields

6

6

3/ 0

0

5

6

26 per tinit

H urrian o r Syrian liglrt infantry archers

4

4

3

-3

0

6

20  per unit

Plroenician light infantry witlr a mix of Javelins aird bows fielded as sirrall units

4

4

2

2

0

4

16 per unit

Habiru liglrt infantry with a mix of javelins and bows fielded as small units

4

4

2

2

0

4

16 per uirit

Hupshti light infontry with a mix of javelins and bows fielded as small units

4

4

2

2

0

4

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

Skirmishers with slings and /or bows (range as slings) fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

Hurrian light clrariots witlr spear and bowarmetl crews

7

6

.3

2

Dprate  Hu man  chariot units to Maryannu - up to half 

7

6

3

2

Syrian light chariots with bow and javelinarmed crew

6

6

.3

Chariot runners, light infantry javelinmen fielded as smah units - up to 1  unit per chariot

3

3

2

Cavalry SCOUK, bow-a rmed light cavalry fiel ded as a small unit - up to 1  unit

4

2 

1

Com manders

1  com mander m ust be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8 .

1

Levy

14 per unit

1 1  per unit 12  per unit

6

Tough fighters

31 per u nit

4+

6

Tough fighters. Stubborn

+3 per unit

.3

4

6

c

6+

4

6

+

4

30 per unit

Sub-unit with chariot

13 per un it

15 per unit

Free

*

STTITES h:

centuries BC

lived in central Anatolia. At its height their empire extended from the oast to parts of Syria. They strove to suppo rt a str ing of client states as buffers rveen the powerful Mitanni to the east and the Egyptians to the south. The Hittites Ξ-^prians fought to extend their influence over these vassal states. Tire most femous  batde benveen these two Bilrlical superpowers was at Kadesh in 1274 BC. The mixed : : : r e of the Hittite forces reflects this system of client kingdoms whose lords were r : ed to provide contingents towards the H ittite army. Amongst the vassal states of the :-;: tes was Wilusa in the for Nor th West - identified with Ilium and th e city of Troy, ; : :

~ir.

Small bronze Hittite horseman  Late 2nd millennium BC

(Perry Collection)

^arch: The Hittite New Kingdom, Musili II, Muwatalli II, The Battle of Kadesh. ;I

;

; .

Chariote 20%+

At least one in five unite in the army mu st be chariots.

Infentry 25%+

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 1 unit

The army can include up to one u nit o f cavalry.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions m ust con tain a t least 4 units excluding skirmishers, except for cavalry where present, who always form a separate division with their own integral comma nder. This cavalry division does no t coirnt for purposes ofbreak ing the army. All divisions must have a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain u p to half as many skirmisher units as they contain n onsk irmish er infentry.

H ittite Troop Values Unit

Combat C la sh

S us ta it re d   Short Range

Long R ange

Morale Stam ina Save

Special

Points Value

Hittite, Hurrian, Syrian or Arzawan medium infantry with long spears and shields

6

6

3/ 0

0

5+

Hittite medium infontry guard with doublehanded axes - up to 1   unit

7

6

2/0

0

5+

6

6 

3/ 0

0

5+

6

Phoenician or C anaanite medium infantry with mix of javelins and bows

6

6

3

3

5+

6

26 per unit

Lukka medium infantry warband 

8

6

2

0

5+

6

24 per unit

Hurrian or Syrian light infontry archers

4

4

-3

-3

0

6

20  per unit

Habiru light infontry with a mix of javelins and bows fielded as small units

4

4

2

2

0

4

16 per un it

Hupsh u light infantry with a mix of javelins and bows fielded as small units

4

4

2

2

0

4

G iv e ß r d longspears instead ofdouble-handed axes

Skirtnishers w ith javelins fielded as small un its

26 per unit

6

Touglr figlrters

25 per unit

Tough fighters

+2 perm it 

Levy

14 per unit

3

2

2

0

0

4

11   per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

+ 1 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

+ 1 per unit

8

6

2

0

4+

8

6

2

0

4+

6

Tough fighters

Hittite chariot ronners, light infantty javelinmen fielded as a small unit - up to 1  p er clrariot

3

3

2

0

6

4

Sub uni t with chariot

Cavalry Scouts, bow arme d light cavalry fielded  as a small unit - up to 1   unit

4

2

1

1

6(

4

15 per uni t

3

2

0

6+

4

+2 per unit

Extra to give skirmishers slings instead  ofjavelins - up to a hal f the skirmisher  units

Extra to give skirmishers bows instead  ofjavelins - up to quarter the skirmisher units Light chariots with spear and javeliir-armed crews uprate  Chariot unit to  Maryannu  - up to 1   unit

Uprate Scouts to spear-armed  light cavalry

Comm anders

> -

.

28 per unit

1 com mande r must be provided per division. All comman ders including general have leadership 8 .

+ 1 pt per unit 13 per unit

Free

MYC ENAE AN

centuries EC

Tliis list represents the final phases of Minoan civilisation once Crete had fallen to Gre ek speaking invaders - it might therefore equally well  be described as an Helladic or Achaean list covering the early Greek city states of the Aegean region- Some scholars identify the Cretans and surroun ding Aegean islands with the Sea Peoples who invaded Egypt and th e Levant in the time ofRameses III. The Hyksos pharoahs of Avaris built palaces decorated in Minoan style and the last (Great Hyksos) arguably have Greek names. Note that the Lukka were notorious  pirates and raiders from what was to become the region of Lycia in Anatolia. Search Mycenae, Tiryns, Knossos, The Achaeans, The Late Helladic Period.

Chariots up to 25%

Up to a quarter o f the units in the army can be chariots.

Infantry 75%

At least three quarters of the unite in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Mycenaean or Minoan medium infantry 25% of infanwy

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infantty units in the army must be Mycenaean or Minoan medium infontry units of one kind or other.

Divisions

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and be led by a commander.

+

units

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to h alf as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Mycenaean Troo p Values Un it

Combat

Morale Stamina

Special

Points Value

Clasli

S us ta in ed

S h or t Range

Long Rairge

Save

Mycenaean or Minoan medium infantry with long spears

6

6

3/ 0

0

5.

Mycenaean or Minoan medium infenny with mixed long spears and bows

6

6

3

1

5

Mycenaean or Minoan medium infantry with javelins and shields

6

6

3

0

5+

Royal Guard medium infantry with double-handed axes - up to 1   unit

7

6

0/2

0

Mycenaean or M inoan light infantry archers fielded as small units

3

3

2

2

6+

4

15 per unit

Mycenaean or Minoan light infantry javelinmen fielded as small units

3

.3

2

0

6+

4

13 per un it

Chariot runners light infantry javelinmen fielded as small units - up to 1  unit per chariot

3

3

2

0

6+

4

Sub-unit with chariot

Skirmishers armed with javelins or hand-hu rled stones, fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

Levy

9 per unit

Skirmishers armed w ith slings or w ith mixed slings and bows (range as slings) fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

Levy

10  per

Lukka medium infontry m ercenary warband armed with swords and javelins

8

6

2

0

5+

6

24 per unit

Light chariots with spear and javelin-armed crews

8

6

2

0

4.

6

28 per unit

Comm anders

1 com mander must be provided per division. All commander s including general have leadership

26 per unit

6

27 per uirit

>

6

23 per unit

Tough fighters

5+

25 pe r u nit

13 per un it

Free 8.

“Heaven cannot brook two suns, nor earth two masters." Alexander the Great

16

unit

s< ih -n th centuries s c

' KINGD OM EG YPTIAN -represents the armies of ancient Egypt at its heiglrt during the 18th, 19th and 20th dynasties ; : : E:. pt battled for conttol of the Levant with the Canaanites, Mitanni and Hittites. This is the : : associated with Ramesses, Tutankhamun and the heretic pharoah Akhenaten. The Libyan Kushite archer units can have a mix of weapons and not Just bows. Use the archer stat given for : :  Skirmishers can be Egyptians or any subject race, including Nubians, who were likely to be bow- d . Slingers were often Arabs. The cavalry scouts have been given a deliberately reduced stat line to : : the general lack of capability of these early horsemen. The Ne'A rin was an elite uni t of chariots - - Ought at the battle ofKadesh. Search: The 18th, 19th and 20th Dynasties, The Anr arna period, the Ramesside period, Ine Battle of Megiddo, the Battle of Kadesh.

Chariots up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the unite in the army can be chariote.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters o f the units in the army lirust be infantry o ther tlran skirmishers.

Egyptian medium infentry 50%+ of infantry

At least ha lfof dr e n on kir m ish infantry in the arnry must be specifically Egyptian medium infantry of one kind or other.

Cavalry up to 1 unit

The army can include a single un it of cavalry representing scoute.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st conta in a t least 4 units excluding skirmishers, except for cavalry where present, who always form a s eparate division with their own integral comm ander. Th is cavalry division does not count for purposes of breaking the army. All divisions must have a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may. contain up to h alf as many skirmisher units as they co ntain non -skirmisher infentry.

 New K ing do m Egyp tian T roo p V alues Combat

Unit Clash

Sustained

Morale Stamina Save

Long

3

0

5

6

23 per uirit

6

24 per unit

6

Egyptian medium infantry with double-handed mace-axes

7

6

2/0

0

5+

Egyptian medium infantry archers

5

5

3

3

5+

.3

0 3

5+

7

7 7

Slrerden guard, med ium infan ny - up to 1 unit.

7

7

3

0

Sea Peoples - medium infentry warband 

8

6

2

5

Extra to field Egyptian marines as mixed  units of bows and Javelins

Libyan, Syrian or K ushite light infantry

Points Value

Range

Egyptian medium infentry with spears and shields

Egyptian marines - medium infantry

Special

Short Range

24 per unit

6 6

Tough fighters

26 per unit

Tough fighters

+3 per unit 

5+

6

Elite, Stubborn

30 per unit

0

5+

6

24 per unit

3

0

6+

6

20  per

unit

20  per

unit uirit

+

Libyan, Syrian or K ushite light infantry archers

4

4

3

.3

0

6

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3 2

2 2

2 2

0

0 0

4

11  per

2

4

+ 1 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

+1 per unit 

6

6

3

3

4+

6

30 per uirit

6

2

0

4+

6

Tough fighters

29 per unit

3

2

0

6+

4

Sub-unit with chariot

13 per un it

Extra to give skirmishers slings instead of javelins - up to a quarter the skirmisher  unite Extra to give skirmishers bows instead of javelins - up to Jialf tfie skirmisher  units Light chariots with bow-armed crews  Ne 'Ar in ligh t ch ario ts w ith spea r-ar med crews - up to 1  unit

8

Egyptian chariot runners, light infantry  jave linm en field ed as sm all u ni ts - up to 1  u nit per chariot

3

Cavalry scouts, bow-armed light cavalry fielded a s a sm al l u n i t - u p t o l u n i t Commanders

4

2

1

1

6

+

must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership

4

Free

1  commander

17

15 per unit

8

4

E A R LY A S S Y R IA N

  c e n t u r ie s B C

This army represents the re-emergent kings of what historians call the Middle Assyrian period. Assyrian chariots started to become more robust and were often pulled by three or even four horses during the 9th century BC. Prior to that chariots were drawn by nvo horses in the same fashion as in Hittite, Hurrian, and other contemporary armies. I have made these new types of chariot 'stubborn', making them half-way bepveen light and heavy chariots. At the same time, the Assyrians started to develop a cavalry arm, represented here by the light and medium cavalry entries. Earlier cavalry would have been restticted to a scouting role. Initially these cavalry operated in pairs, one man to hold the horses whilst tire other shot his bow. The liglrt infantty levy are intended to represent troops from subjugated territories enrolled to serve as auxiliaries. These could be from any of the regions under Assyrian rule. From tire 9th century BC they would include Aramaeairs and Neo-Hittites. Search Ashur-uballit I, Shalmaneser I, Tiglath-Peleser I, Battle of Qartjar, Battle of Nihriya.

Chariots 20%+

At least one in five of tire units in the arnry must be chariots.

Iirfantry 25%+

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be infantry other tlran skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 10%

Up to one in ten uirits can be cavalry. Cavalry other tlran scouts did not appear until tire 9th centtrry.

Divisions 4+ uirits

Divisions irrust conmin at least 4 unite excluding skirmishers, except for cavalry scoute where present, who alrvays form a separate division with th eir own integral command er. Thte cavalry scout division does not couirt for purposes of breaking the arnry. AU divisions must have a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infontry

Divisions may contai n up to half as many skirmisher units as they conta in non-skirmisher infantry.

Early Assyrian Troop Values Unit

Combat Clash Sustained Sho rt Range

Asharruti medium infantry with mixed sjrears and bows, atrd /or slings

Ding Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value 26 per unit

5+

6

3

5'

Ö

Elite

+  per unit

5

3

4+

6

Elite

+4 per unit

2

2

0

4

3

0

6+

2

2

0

0

4

11   per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per unit

Skirmishers with bows fielded as small unite

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per unit

Assyrian two-horse light chariots with bow and javelin-armed crews

6

6

3

3

4+

6

30 per unit

Assyrian three o r four-horse light chariots with bow and javelin-armed crews

6

3

3

4+

6

Chariot runners, light infontry javelinmen fielded as stnall units - up to one per chariot

5

5

2

0

6+

4

Sufrun it with chariot 13 per unit

Cavalry Scouts, bow-armed light cavalry fielded as a small unit - up to 1  unit

4

2

1

1

6+

4

15 per unit

Assyrian light cavalry with mix o f spears and bows

5

5

2

2

6+

6

24 per unit

Assyrian medi um cavalry with S{^ars and /o r javelins 6 

5

5

0

5+

6

25 per unit

6

6

Extra CO upgrade Asharru ti  to elite

6

6 

5

Extra to upgrade Asftunuti to armoured medium infantry - up to 1  unit

6

6

Hupsh u light infantry with a mix o f javelins and bows fielded as small units

4

4

Light infantry levy with javelins

5

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small un its

5

Skirmislrers with slings fielded as small unite

Commanders

16 per unit

Levy

1  commander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8 .

Stuliborn

17 per u nit

33 per unit

Free

: -■:

EURO PEA N BRONZE AGE

- 8  centuries BC

-

speculative list by nature, since the people of the time have left no record beyond the cold and mute remains exposed by . what we have here is a reconstruction based on later armies to produce what I intend to be a credible model of earlier :: ::pht infantry warbands forming the chief componente of armies focussed on raiding and feuding. The weapons chosen reflect : : : finds whilst the use of chariots is inferred from finds of carte and wagons as well as later practice. Plainly this is a list that : rr ir. ed differently and expanded almost indefinitely with any number of colourful and ente rtaining warriors. :

V - : :■ l i e Atlantic Bronze Age, Nordic Bronze Age, Central Europea n Bronze Age, The Urnfi eld Culture.

Warriors of he N ortli E uropean Bronze Age assault a fortified village.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the units in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Chariots up to 10%

Up to one in ten units in the army can be chariote.

Divisions 4+ units

.!,visions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmislrers, urrless they comprise chariots, or chariots and run ner sub-unite only, in which case they can be any size. Each division m ust be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infentry

Divisions may conta in up to ha lf as many skirmisher units as they contaijr non-skirmisher infantry.

 N o rt h E ur op ea n Br on ze Age T ro op Va lues

Combat

Unit Clash

.Sustained Sliort R an ge

Long R atrge

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

5 3

2

6

1

0 0

6+ 6+

6 4

7

4

1

0

5+

4

To ug lr fi ght ers . Stubborn

21 p e r u n it

8 

4

1/0

0

5+

4

Tough fight ers. Stubborn

+2 pe r u ni t

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Skirmishers with bows fielded as a small unit tip to 1 unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Light chariots with mix-armed crews

6

5

3

0

4+

6

26 per Ultit

Cha riot ruirners, liglrt infantry with javelins fielded as small units - up to 1 per chariot unit

3

3

2

0

0

4

Com mande rs

1 comm ander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Light infantry warband with mixed arms Reduction to field light infantry warbands as small units M edium infentry chieftain’s warband fielded as a small unit - up to 1 unit Extra to field the chieftain's warband  with double-handed axes

8

22 per unit -7 per  unit

Sub-unit with chariot

12 per unit

Free

J^tknd centuries BC

LIBYAN

The barbarian tribes of Libya formed the chief western threat to Egypt throughout much of its early history. The Libyans allied with the Sea Peoples to attack Egypt in the time ofRameses III. The Libyans themselves were not hugely dissimilar to the Egyptians in terms of their skin tones - they were probably the autochthonous Berbers of north Africa. This list covers a long time period and overlaps with some of the Classical liste. For this reason 1have included two-horse and four-horse light chariots as well as heavy chariots. Two-horse chariots fell otit of use and were replaced by fourhorse chariots at about the same time this happened elsewhere - so armies should really include one or the other and n ot both. I’ve treated fourh orse chariots as light rather than heavy, as I can't see them as lumbering wagons given the general nature of the army. A later army - up until the Roman annexation - can be made by replacing chariots with light cavalry armed with javelins along tire tines ofNumidians. See tire Numidian list for suitable examples of these. Search Libu, Meshwesh, Berbers, Sea Peoples Alliance.

Infantry tip to 7 5% +

At least three quarters of the uniB in the army must be infantry other thair skirmishers.

Light infantry javelins 50%+ of infontry

At least half of the ηοη-skirmish infantry- units must be light infanrty with javelins of one kind or other.

Chariots up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units in the artny can be chariots.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander. Guard must form part of the general's division.

Skirnrishers pe r division 50% of infentry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmislrer units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Libyan Troo p Values

Combat

Unit

Claslr  S us ti ii ir ed

5

Libyan light infantry warband with javelitrs 7

 Extra to give warband. mixed javelins and bows

5

S h o rt Range

Long Range

2

0

6

6

1

6

6

2

-

Extra to make either of the above

Morale Stamina Save

 As  above — 

Tough fighters,

Points Value 21  per

unit

+1  per

unit

+2 per

unit

Stubborn

chieftains  guard - up to 1  unit

-

As above

Extra to make any of tfie above wild fighters Light infantry with javelins

5

5

3

0

Liglrt iitfantrywith bows

4 5

4

3 2

3 2

3 2

2 2

2 2

Two-horse light chariote with javelin-armed crews

6

6

Four-horse light clrariots with javelin-armed crews

8

6

Reduction tofielel light infantry witli bows as small units Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units  Extra to give skirmishers bows instead  ofjavelins  - up to half 

Comm anders

Special

0

As above +Wild fighters +3 per uni t 

6

19 per un it

 fe

20  per

0

4

6 per

0

0

11

2

0

4 4

+ lp t per unit

3

0

4+

L

27 per unit

3

0

4+

6

29 per unit

1 comm ander must be provided per division. The general has leadership 8 . All other commanders have leadership 7.

unit

unit

 per unit

Free

'

:OFLES

:

:

V■:

12th century B e

known to the Egyptians as The Sea Peoples wrought havoc throughout the eastern Mediterranean and settled int o the - ; .ant. The Sherden allied with the Libyans and attacked Egypt from the west. After their defeat the Sherden were incorporated into :the pharaoh. The Lukka probably came from Lycia in theSouth West of Anatolia - they were notorious and skilled pirates into - ^ j e Philistines are probably to be identified with the Peleset who settled into the sou thern Levant after their defeat by Rameses III. -_  - is recorded in several E ^p tia n sources, most notably at the mortuary temple of Rameses at Medinet Habu. Exactly where the Sea · Γ - m e from is a bit of a mystery. Favourites are eastern Anatolia, the Islands of the Aegean, and mainland Greece. Bronze Age Collapse, Lukka, Sherden, Ekwesh, Skekelesh, Teresh, Peleset, Tfeker, Denyen, Pharaoh Merneptah's Battle Against  People, The Battle of the Delta, T he Battle of Djahy.

harlots up to 25%

'~~3nrry 75%+ -

wagons 1-3

Up to a quarter o f the units in the army can be chariots. At least tlrree quarters o f units in the army m ust be infantry oth er than skirmishers. The army must include at least 1 un it of baggage wagons and may have up to 3. A un it is one wagon.

: : . - . ions 4+ units.

Divisions must contain at least 4 units and be led by a commander. Baggage wagons must all be included in the same division - the loss of the baggage wagons must surely result in immediate defeat! Libyans must be fielded in the ir own divisions - Libyans can include ch ariot runners and skirmishers as noted below.

Skirmishers per division 50% o f infontry

Divisions may conta in tip to half as many skirmisher units as they conta in non-skirmisher infentry.

Sea Peoples Troop Values Combat

Unit

Sea Peoples - medium infantry warbaird with swords and Javelins  Extra to make Sea Peoples Warband   Lukka   Pirates - up to 1in 4  wnits

Extra to make Sea Peoples Warband  Sherden Swordsmen - up to 1 in 4 wnits Extra to include a proportion of bowmen  into rear ranks ofwarbands  not upgraded to Lukka or Sherden

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Clash

S us ta in ed

S li or t Range

Long Range

8

6

2

0

5+

(

5

6 

2

0

5+

6

Wild fighters

+3 per unit

s

6 

2

0

5+

6

Tough fighters Stubborn

3 per unit

8

6

2

1

5+

6

24 per unit

+ As above t eager

Extra to make any of the above warhands eager  Libyan light infantry warban d with mixed   javelins an d bo ws

5

2

6+

6

 per unit

Free 22  per

unit

Extra to make Libyan warband touglt fighters - up to 1  unit

1

5

2

1

Sea Peoples or Idbyan light infantry with bows

4

4

3

,3

0

6

20  per

Sea Peoples or Libyan light infantry with bows fielded as small units

3

3

2

2

0

4

1,4per u nit

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11  per

unit

Skirmishers with bows fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per

unit

8

6

2

0

4

6

28 per unit

s

6

2

0

4+

6 

Libyan two-horse light chariots with  javelin -arme d crews

6

5

3

0

4+

6

26 per unit

Cha riot runtrers, liglrt infantry javelinmen fielded as small uniK - up to 1 per clrariot

3

3

2

0

6+

4

Sub-unit with chariot 13 per unit

Baggage wagon with womenfolk  and armed guards

3

3

1

0

4

6

Commanders

1  co mmand er must be provided per division. All command ers includin.g general have leadership

Sea People two-horse liglrt chariots with spear  and javelin-armed crews Extra to upgrade Sea People ligltt chariots to tough fighters - up to L unit

.

6 

Tough fighters

Tough fighters

Stubborn

+ 1 per unit

+1  per

Free Free

8.

unit

unit

This list represents the armies of the emergent united land of Israel under the House of David. The new kingdom flourished under Solomon, who built up the ne v natio n’s armies and especially its chariotry. Un der his successor Rehoboam th e land was divided into the two kingdoms of Israel and )udeah, and its influence much diminished. In the north the Assyrians eventually conquered Israel in 720 BC. In the south )udeah endured until conquered by the Neo-Babylonians in 586 BC. The different tribes of Israel have been given different weapons and qualities based upon what we know of their preferred tactics and upon their reputation amongst the other tribes. Obviously to some extent these are speculative and perhaps should not be taken too literally but do add colour and interest to the army. Search Saul. David, Solomon, The Capture of Jerusalem from thejebusites.

Cliariots 25%+

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be chariots.

Infantry 50%+

At least a half of the units in the army must be infantry oth er than skirmishers..

Cavalry

Cavalry outriders can be included as subunits ofcharioB as noted. Camel riders are restricted to a single unit.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions m ust contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infentry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-sk irmisher infantry.

Israel and Judea n Troop Values Un it

Combat

Morale Stamina

special

Points Value

Save

Claslr

S us ta in ed

S ho rt Range

Long Range

Gibborim guard medium infantry armed with spears and javelins - up to 1  unit

6

6

3

0

+

6

Judean spearmen medium iirfantry with spears and shields

6

6

3

0

5+

5

23 per unit

Gadite light infantry with javelins

5

3

0

0

6

19 per un it 22  per

unit

21  per

unit

Stubborn, Tough fighters

Zebulunite light infantry with mix of spears and bows 5

.

3

3

0

6

5

5

./.3

0

6+

6

Tough figlrters

Benjamite liglit infan try with slings or mixed 3 slings and bows (range: slings) fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

4

Marksmen

Danite light inf antry sword-and-buckler men

26 per unit

15 per unit

Issachar skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

.3

2

2

0

0

4

1 1  per

unit

Issachar skirmishers with bows fielded as small unite

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per

unit

Philistiire m edium infantry with swords and javelins - up to 1   unit

6

6

3

0

5+

b

Pltoenician medium infantry with javelins and bows - up to 1  unit

6

6

3

3

5+

(

26 per unit

Edomite, Moabite, or Ammonite skirmishers witlr javelins fielded as small units

-

2

2

0

0

4

11  per

unit

Arab camel-riding light cavalry armed with  bows field ed a s a s mall un it - up to 1   unit

5

3

2

2

6

4

21  per

unit

Light chariots with bow and spear-armed crews

7

6

.3

2

4

6

 Ne 'ari m ligh t ch ario ts w ith bow a nd speararmed crews - up to 1   unit

7

6

-3

2

4+

6

T ou gh f ighter s

31 p er u n it

Chariot runners, light infantry javelinmen fielded as small units - up to 1   unit per chariot

3

3

2

0

6+

4

S u h u n i t w it h ch ar io t

13 p er u n i t

Cavalry outriders, light cavalry spearmen fielded as small units - up to 1  unit per clrariot

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Sub-unit with chariot

17 per unit

Com manders

1 com mand er must be provided per division. All comma nders including general have leadership

Extra to upgrade general with Ark of the Covenant.

T ough fighters

Feigned flight

24 pe r u ni t

30 per unit

Free 8.

The Ark of the Covenan t can be borne by the general's entourage as an army standa rd, in which case his leadership is increased, to 9 and any unit he has  joined   becomes valiant  whilst he remains with it.

+25

8th

...?th centuries BO

the armies of Assyria during the iron Age after the reforms of King Tiglath-Pileser III. At this time Assyria controlled : included Egypt as well as most of the Near East. During this period the Assyrians replaced the light chariots with effective rted by larger and heavier clrariots. Four-horse chariots were in use by the reign ofAshurnasirpal (685-627 BC). Kallipani :r u n te d on carts. They are represented by light infantry and a ntimber o f cart models; we suggest three. So long as the unit ::2: .: . from the enemy and is moving over terrain that would otherwise be accessible to chariots/carts the unit moves at 9" -- - - in 6Τ If enemy are within 12" or the un it is moving over terrain unsuitable for vehicles its movement is reduced to 6" and if the : . into terrain through which carts cannot pass they must be abandoned. It is not necessary to actually mount the infantry into  —:. A in . - it is enough tha t the carts are prese nt - but players wlro wish to do so can provide cart-m ounted models to substitute "*e:: innmtxy. 5

:

-

:-

:

I T

s ^ r : : Tiglath'Pileser III, the Sargonid dynasty, Ashurbanipal, Syrian-Ephramite War, Urartu-Assyrian War.

; . : ' r v a n d C h ar io ts u p t o 25 %

Up to a quarte r of the units in the army can be cavalry or chariots. Note t hat Kallipani cou nt as infantry.

) - a i r y 5 0% + o f m o u nt ed

At least half of the cavalry and chariot units mtist be cavalry'.

Irian try 75%+

At least three quarters of the units in tlie army must be infan tty other tha n skirmishers.

Kisir Shamtti 25%+

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infantry units in the army must be Kisir Sharruti, and tmits equipped with slings and bows must not outnumber those equipped with spears and bows.

fa r Sharri/Kallipani 25%+

At least a qua rter of the non-skirmisher infantry units in the army? must be Sab Sharri or Kallipani.

elis ion s 4+ units

Divisions must c ontain at least 4 units excluding skirmisliers and must be led by a commander.

rkirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain u p to half as many' skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Assyrian Empire Troop Values

Combat

Unit Clasli

Sustained Short Range

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

6

6

3

.3

5+

6

Stubborn, Tough, fighters

 I 

7

3

0

5+

6

Stubborn, Tough .fighters. Steady

Kisir Sharruti medium infantry with mixed  bows and slings (range as bows)

5

5

.3

3

5

6

Marksmen

Sab Sharri light infantry with mixed spears and bows

5

.5

3

3

6

6

Kallipani bow-armed light infantry on carts - up to 1  unit

4

4

3

3

0

6

Phrygian or Mannaean medium infantry witlr long spears

6

6

3/0

0

5

6

Elamite light infantty with bows - up to 1 unit

4

4

3

3

0

6

Aramaean or Chaldean skirmishers with  javelins fielde d as sm all uni ts

3

2

2

0

0

4

11  per

unit

Aramaean, Arab or Chaldean skirmishers with slings or bows (range as sling) fielded as small unite

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per

unit

Arab camel-riding hght cavalry armed with  bows field ed as a smal l u ni t - 1 unit only?

5

.3

2

2

6+

4

21  per

unit

Medium cavalry with mixed spears and bows

8

.3

2

Royal Guard heavy cavalry with spears and  bows ridi ng ba rde d h orse s - 1 u nit only

9

6

.3

2

4+

6

Four-lrorse lreavy chariots with crews armed with bows, spears and javelins

9

5

3

3

3+

6

Commanders

1 commander must be provided per division. All command ers including general have leadership

Kisir Slrarrtiti m edium infantry with mixed spears and bows Extra to upgrade  Kisir Sharruti to Qurubuti  Royal Guard with spears and shields - 1 unit   only

23 v

< ■

i

29 per unit +2 per

25 per unit 23 per unit

Marksmen (see notes above)

24 per uirit 26 per unit

Levy

Feigned flight

6

17 per unit

29 per unit Steady

35 per unit 33 per unit Free

8

unit

t i n .

? v h l h centuries BC

Ε Ο ...Β Α Β Υ .ΙΟ Μ ΙΑ Ν

vm .

This is the army of the resurgent Babylonians who, allied with Medes and Scythians, overthrew the Assyrians and sacked Nineveh in 612 BC. The rulers of this period are known as the Chaldean dynasty - Chaldea being the region around Babylon as well as the nanre of its principal tribe. Babylonia had always been an unru ly province under t he Assyrian empire. When Assyria started to disintegrate after the dea th of Ashurbanipal the Babylonians rose up against them and in the new order that emerged, the Babylonians became the major power in the Near East, battling against Egypt for control of the old Assyrian provinces that lay between them. The Babylonian hold upon power was relatively shortl ived however, with Babylon falling to the Persians under Cyrus the G reat in 539 BC. The Neo-Babylonian army has much in common with the late Assyrian army. Elamites riding carts are represented by light infantty and a number of cart models - we suggest three. So long as the tinit is more than 12" from the enemy and is moving over terrain that would otherwise  be accessible to chariots/carts tire unit moves at 9" rather tlran 6". If enemy are within 12", or the unit is moving over terrain unsuitable for vehicles, ite movement is reduced to 6" and if the unit moves into terrain through which carte cannot pass they have to be abandoned. It is not necessary to acmally mou nt tire infantry into carts for moving - it is enough that the carts are present - but players who wish to do so can  provide cart-mounted models to substitute for tlreir infantry. Search: Chaldean, Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar.

Cavalry and Chariots up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units in the army can be cavalry or chariots.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the units in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Kisir 1+units

The army must include at least one unit of Babylonian Kisir.

Divisions 4+ unite

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as mairy skirmislrer units as they contain non-sk irmisher infantry.

 Neo -Babylo nian Tro op Values Combat

Unit Clash

Babylonian Kisir medium infantry with mixed spears and bows Mede medium infantry armed with spears and bows - u p to 1   unit.

6

Morale Stamina Save

Short Range

Long Range

6

3

3

,5+

6

26 per unit

6

3

3

5+

6

26 per unit

3

3

6..

6

23 per unit 20  per

unit

21  per

unit

5

Chaldeair light infanny w ith spears and shields

5

5

3

0

6+

6

Clraldean or Elamite light infantry with bows

4

4 4

3

3

6+

6

3

6

0 /3

0

4

Points Value

Sustained

Sab ShaTri or Clrald ean liglrt infantry with mixed spears and bows

Extea to provide Etamites with carts

Special

Greek or Lydian heavy infantry lroplites with long spears - up to 1   unit

6

(See notes above)

+3 per wnit

4+

(

P h a la n x

32 per unit

Aramaean or Chaldean skirmishers with javelins fielded as small unite

3

2

2

0

0

4

11

Aramaean, Arab o r Chaldean skirmishers with slings or bows (range as slings) fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per

unit

Arab camel-riding light cavalry armed with bows fielded as small units

5

3

2

2

6+

4

21  pet

unit

Babylonian medi um cavalry with mixed spears and bows

8

5

3

2

5+

6 

Scythian horse archers fielded as small units

4

2

2

2

6

4

5

3

3

6+

6

28 per unit

5

3

3

3+

6

33 per unit

Elamite light cavalry with spears an d bows Babylonian or Urartian fourhorse heavy chariots with crew armed with bows, spears and javelins

9

Commanders

1  co mmand er must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8 .

Feignetl flight

  per unit

29 per unit Parthian sliot

19 per unit

Free

24 :· . : « ' .

-- ü k _ _ f _ L :

l

i

l

.

1

: \

τ ; *;. \

::

8th~carly

7

.:

 centuries BC

 _: : :  brartu in the Armenian highlands was the northern neighbour of the Assyrians. Urartu was the successor to the Mitanni - : the lat e Bronze Age. It flourished from the mid-nin th century and was conquered by the Medes (590 BC). Ura rtu fought armies were similar to Assyria and are represented along the same mixed model. Stats for :.. :_  A'^-.rians and the Cimmerians. I units are given as an option. Kallipani. are represented by light infantry and cart m odels (3). So long as the unit is more - I I ’ - m the enemy and is moving over terrain that would otherwise be accessible to chariots/ca rts the un it moves at 9" rather tlran 6". : within 12" or the uni t is moving over terrain unsuitab le for vehicles its movement is reduced to 6" and if the unit moves into ; t : : ; : ugh which carts can not pass they must be abando ned. I t is not necessary to actually mo unt the infantry into cart s for moving : rhat the carts are present. Players who wish can provide cart-mounted models to substitute for infantry. I have included stats for  horse archers as they allied with the Urartia ns, tho ugh they are commonly found as foes ofU ra rm or even allies of Assyria. : 2 rartu, Ararat, Kingdom of Van, Tushpa, Urartu-Assyrian War, Tire Two Battles of Arpad 754 and 743 BC, Sarduri son of ArgiSti.

Cavalry and Chariots up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units in tire army can be cavalry or chariots. Note that Kallipani cotint as infantry.

Cavalry 50%+ of mounted

At least half of the cavalry and clrariot units must be cavalry othe r than allied Cim merians.

Infentry 75%+

At least tliree quarters of the uirits in the army must be infantry' other tha n skirmishers.

Urartian medium infairtry 25%+

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infantry units in th e army must be Ura rtian m ediunr infantry. This includes any units upgraded to Qurubuti.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mtist contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% o f infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many' skirmisher units as tlrey contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Urartu Troop Values Un it

Combat C la slr S us ta in ed

Urartian medium infantry? with mixed spears an d bows  Extra to upgrade  Urartian medium infan  try to Qurubuti  - up  to half 

Urartian medium infantry with spears Extra to make Urartian medium  infantry guards with double-handed   axes - up to 1 «nit

S li ort Range

Long Range

Morale Staiuina Save

6

6

3

3

5+

6

6

6

3

3

5+

6

special

26 per unit Stubborn, Tough fighters.

6 s

6 7

3 2./0

0 0

5+ .5.

6 6

Points Value

+3 per  wnit 23 per unit

Stubborn, Tough fighters, Steady

+9 per «nit

Urartian light infantry with mixed spears and bows

5

5

3

.3

6+

6

23 per unit

Urartian light infantry with spears

5

5

3

0

6+

6

20  per

unit

Urartian light infontry with bows

4

4

.3

3

0

6

20  per

unit

Kallipani bow-armed light infantry on carts up to 1   unit

4

4

3

3

0

6

Phrygian or Mann aean medium infantry with long spears

6

6

3/0

0

+

6

26 per unit

Aramaean or HigWand skirmishers with  javelins field ed as sm all u nit s

.3

2

2

0

0

4

11

Aramaean or Highland skirmishers with slings or bows (range as slings) fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per

Med ium cavalry with mixed spears and bows

8

5

.3

2

5+

6

29 per unit

Royal G uard heavy cavalry with spears and bows riding barded horses - up to 1  unit

9

6

3

2

4+

6

Fourh orse heavy chariots with crews armed with bows, spears and javelins

9,_ 

5

.3

3

3+

b

Allied Cim merian lrorse arclrers as small units

4

2

2

2

6+

4

Com mande rs

1 comm ander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership

25

Marksmen (see notes above)

Steady

24 per unit

 per unit

35 per unit

33 per unit

Parthian shot

19 per u nit Free

8.

unit

SCYTHIAN

7 th . . . S S t centuries BC

The Scythians were nomadic people who lived upon the Pontic-Caspian steppe. In ancient times this region was known as Scythia or Sarmatia. The Scythians spoke an Indo-European language and were closely related to the Persians and Parthians - all noted horsemen and archers. Scythian tribes lived around the mouth of the Danube in the west and as far as Bactria and the Indus valley in the east. They were possibly amongst the first people to domesticate the horse and develop wheeled wagons. Later writers continue to use the term Scythians for all kinds of steppe peoples. Of these tire Sarmatians, Alani, Iazyges, Aorsi, Siraces, and Roxalani are almost certainly the same people previously referred to as Scythians. The strength of the Scythians is in their cavalry and specifically in the horse archers that nrake up the bulk of the army. I have described the horse archers as small units as I fiird this best represents tlris troop type overall and looks attractive on dre tabletop. A small cadre of heavy armoured cavalry represent members of the ruling warrior caste and is limited in number as you see. The majority of the infentry represent troops provided by settled subjects from areas conquered by the Scythians, although some Scythians may also have fought on foot as archers or skirmishers. In Europe such infentry may have included troops from the Greek colonies of the Crimea as well as Thracian tribes west of the Black Sea, some of whom fought as mercenaries during Atheios' war against Philip ofMacedon. For this reason I have included the option to field a reasonable number of infantry, including tribal levy, but note that it is entirely possible to field an entirely mounted army as may be more representative of Scythians on the Pontic Steppe. Searclr: Scythia, Cimmerians, King Atlreios, Battle o fjaxarte s, Saka, Dahae. MassagCtae, Issyk Kurgan.

Cavalry 75%+

At least three quarters of the units in the army must be cavalry.

Horse Archers 75%+of cavalry

At least three quarters of the cavalry units in the army mus t be lrorse archers.

Infantry up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units in the army can be infentry other than skirmishers.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st contain at least 4 units excluding skirmislrers and must be led by a comma nder.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infentry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher uniß as tliey contain non-skirmisher infantty.

Scythian Troop Values Combat

Unit Clash

S us ta in ed

Morale Stamina Save

S ho rt Range

Long Ratrge

3

2

4+

6

Special

Points Value 35 per unit

Heavy cavalry armed with kontos a nd bows - up to 3 units

9

Horse archers fielded as small units

4

2

2

2

6+

4

Parthian shot

19 per un it

Light cavalry armed with spears/javelins and bows fielded as small units

5

3

2

2

6+

4

Feigned fliglit

21 per unit

Subject or ttibal medium infantry with  javelins an d/ or spears

6

6

3

0

5+

6

Levy

20 per unit

4

4

3

3

c

3

2

2

6 4

0 0

19 per u nit

4

0 0

6

4

.3 2

4

-5  per  wnit

Skirmishers witlr javelins fielded as small units

.3

2

2

0

0

4

11   per unit

Skirmishers with bows fielded as small units

2

1

2

2

0

4

12  per unit

Light infentry archers  Reduction to field light infantry archers as small units

Light infantry armed with javelins and/or spears Refection to field  light infantry with spear/javelins as S il l nnits

Commanders

5

1 commander must be provided  per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

20 per unit - 6 pCTwn.it

Free

’O fthat^ioleanny :hfou^tandfledj notasin^e freeto m c i t a n ^ t ^ e n prisoner aU ^e as careless of&eiro TOasof die Sallust, enemiesiives." 26

________________________________

THE ROMANS JN IRELAN D For many years it was assumed that the Romans never made it as far as Ireland. Tacitus describes how Agricola planned to lead an expedition there in the company of an Irish chieftain. Juvenal also claims tlrat Roman ttoops had gone 'beyond the shores of Ireland'. Even native tradition speaks of an exiled Irish prince called Tuathal Techtmar, who returns to claim his kingdom with the help of ttoops from Britain. Though Roman finds are rare, where they do occur it is in places in the south east of Ireland associated with the Tuathal myth. Whilst the historians were bickering over such matters, archaeologists further complicated things by discovering what has been claimed to  be a forty acre Roman f ort Just fifteen miles no rth of Dub lin at Drumanagh. Coins from the first and second centttries suggest that, if not a conventional Roman fort with a Roman garrison, Drumanagh was at least a substantial native settlement with Sttong connections to Britain and th e distan t world of Rome.

Celtic Longsword  1st Century AD (Peny Collection)

 N itr ite an d Eg yp tk n arm ies clash at Ka des h.

27     '

S A IT E E G Y P T I A N

7

' 4

centuries B C

After the collapse of the Assyrian empire the Egyptians rose up to assert thei r independence. The 26th or Saite dynasty took control of the no rth of Egypt from its capital at Sais in the western delta. The Saite Egyptians expanded easnvards but were defeated and thrown back by the Babylonians. Egypt was finally defeated and added to the growing Persian empire in 525 BC. The army list reflects the anarchy that prevailed after the fell of Assyria with numerous foreign and mercenary contingents available to fill out the native Egyptian forces. Otherwise, the army resembles its contemporaries to some extent - namely the Neo-Assyrians and Babylonians. 1have given the option to field the chariots as light or heavy, based on either the Assyrian or Libyan model. This is a difference of interpre tation so players should really choose one or t he othe r but not both. The reduct ion in clash value of the chariot is deliberate and reflecte a long-standing Egyptian preference for ranged fighting. The Greeks could represent Kyrenean mercenaries, in which case some chariots might also be Kyrenean. This list can also be used to represent the succeeding fat e Dynastic period (28th, 29th and 30th Dynasties) by making all hoplites phalara and giving all Egyptian spearmen long spears. They might also be given the phalanx rule but it is suggested this is reduced to a level of 'l 'f or+ 1 point per unit. In a later army tlie chariots might also be Libyan. Search: The 26th Dynasty, Psamtik I, Battle of Pelusium

Chariots up to 10% and 1+

Up to one in ten o f the units in the army can be cha rio t and the army must include at least1  uirit of chariots regardless o f its size.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Infantry 50%+

At least a lralfo fthe units in the army must be infantry other th an skirmishers.

Greek mercenaries may not outnumber Egyptian spearmen

There must be at least as marry units of Egyptian spearmen as units o f Greek mercenary hoplites.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and be led by a commander, unless it comprises Greek mercenaries. Greek mercenary hoplites must form their own division regardless of size. A Greek mercenary division may also include Greek javelin-armed skirmishers as noted below. Egyptian Guard spearmen and bowmen must form part of the general's division when present.

Skirmishers per division 50% o finfen ny

Divisions may contai n up t o ha lf as many skirmisher units as they co ntain non-skirmisher infetrtry.

Saite Egyptian Troop Values Unit

Combat C la sh

Egyptian medium infantry spearmen Extra to give Egyptian spearmen long spears

M or al e S ta mi na Save

6

b

.3

0

5+

6

6

6

3 /0

0

5+

6

 

Extra to make Egyptian spearmen or long spears gnard - Mp to I nnit 5

-3

3

5+

Levy

-3 per unit 

Elite, Tough .fighters

+4 per unit

-3 per unit +4 per unit

24 per unit

6

Reduction to make Egyptian bowmen levy

5

-

3

3

5+

6

Let.'

Extra to tnake Egyptian bowmen gttard  - Mp to I u n i t

5

5

3

3

5+

6

Elite, Marksmen

Greek mercenary hoplite heavy infantry with long spears

7

3/ 0

0

4+

6

Extra to make Greek hoplites phalanx

1

3/ 0

0

4

6

Extra to make Greek hoplite phalanx elite

7 

7

3 /0

0

4+

6

Points Value

+3 per unit

above

.5

Special

23 per unit

 

Reduction to make Egyptian spearmen or long spears levy

Egyptian medium infantry bowmen

Long Range

S us ta in ed   Short Range

29 per unit

 

Phalanx

+3 per unit

Phalanx, Elite

+3 per unit

 Nubi an light infan try wi th bows

4

4

3

-3

0

b

20  per unit

Egyptian, Libyan or Greek skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11  per unit

Egyptian or Nubia n skirmishers witlt slings or bows fielded as smaU units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per unit

Scythian horse archers fielded as small units

4

2

2

2

6+

4

Parth ian shot

19 per u nit

Egyptian or Arab liglrt cavalry witlr spears and /or javelins

7

5

3

0

6

b

Feigned flight

28 p er u ni t

-

Combat

ni t

long Range

S us ta in ed

Etyptian or Arab light cavalry with spears an d/o r javelins fielded as small units

5

3

0

6+

4

Arab canrel-riding light cavalry armed  with javelins aird bows fielded as small units

5

3

2

6+

4

Egyptian four-horse treaty' clrariot with crews armed with bows and javelins Conritrairders

8

Feigned flight

17 per uni t

.:.

21 per unit

I

6

3

.3

4+

6

31 per unit

5

,3

.3

3+

6

32 per unit

Free

1  c omman der must be provided per division. All commanders induding general have leadership i

LYDIAN

/

m id

’

0 t h centuries BC :

The period covered by this army straddles both the Biblical and Classical ages as we have arbitarily defined them. The Lydians allied with the Assyrians to fight the fearsome Cimmerian ho rsemen wlro descended upo n Anatolia from th e Pontic Steppes. Th e powerful Lydian kingdom later went on to defy the might of the Persians under Cyrus the Great, if only briefly. Spear-armed infentry have been treated as pre-hoplite types in the list below. Spearmen could arguably be upgraded to Greek-style heavy infanwy in the last decades of Lydian independence in the 6th Century. Chariots fell out of use as the Lydian nobles transformed into an elite mounted arm. I have given state for both in the lists, treating the Lydian chariots as four-horse light chariots, but an army should really have chariote or Lydian cavalry and not both. Having said that Xenophon, the Greek historian, claims there were Egyptian chariote fighting for the Lydians at the Battle ofThymbra in 547 BC, so there is a precedent! Lydian armies would include lighter troops from tire mountainous areas of western Anatolia such as Paphlagonia and Phrygia, as well as levies from the Greek cities of Ionia. Search Croesus, Sardis, The Battle of Halys, The Battle of Thymbra.

Infontry 25%

At least a quarter of the army must be infentry other than skirmishers.

Spearmen 5 0% . o f infantry

At least half of the nonskirmishing infantry units in the army must be Lydian or mercenary Greek spearmen.

Cavalry 25% .

At least a qua rter o f the army mus t be cavalry unless chariote are included in w hich case there is no ob ligation.

Chariots up to 10%

Up to one in ten of the units in the army can be chariote so long as no elite cavalry are included.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander .

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain u p to ha lf as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantty.

Lydian Troop Values Combat

Unit

Claslr  Sustained

Sliort Range

Long Rairge

Morale Stamina Save

Lydian spearmen medium infantry armed  with spears and /or javelins

6

6

3

0

5.

6

Reduction to field  Lydian spearmen as levy

6

6

3

0

5+

6

6

fe

3/0

0

5+

6

6 7

6

3/0 3/0

0 0

5+

6 6

Greek mercenary spearmen armed  with long spears Extra to make Greek spearmen phalanx  Extra to make Greek spearmen

;\

Points Value

Special

Morale Stamina Save

C la sh

Egyptian four-horse light chariot with crews artned with bows and javelins

S h o rt Range

1

Special

Points value 23 per unit

Levy

-3 per unit 

26 per unit Phalanx

+3 per unit

Phalanx, Elite

.5 per unit

Lydian Troop Values Combat

Unit

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Clash

Sustained

Slaort Range

bang Range

Phrygian or Paphlagonian light infentry with spears a nd /or javelins fielded as small units

3

3

2

0

6+

4

13 per uirit

Skirmishers armed with jiivelins and fielded as small unite

3

2

2

0

0

4

11  per

2

2

0

4

+1 pe rm it

5

0

5+

6 

Tough fighters Tough fighters,  Elite

Extra to give skirmishers bows instead  ofjavelins  - up to half the skirmisher units

2

Lydian mediunr cavalry armed with spears

8

5

9

6

3

0

4+

6

Phrygian or Paphlagonian light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units

5

3

2

0

6+

4

C im m er ia n h or se arc her s f ie ld ed as a sm all unit - up to 1   unit

4

2

2

6+

4

Four-horse liglrt chariots with crews armed  with spears and J'avelins

8

6

3

4+

6

Comm anders

1 comm ander must be provided per division. All comm anders including general have leaderslrip

Extra to field Lydian cavalry as heavy cavalry elite - up to 1 unit 

0

KYRENEAN GREEK

unit

28 per unit +6 per

unit

17 per unit

Parthian shot

19 per unit

29 per unit

Free 8.

7 '4

centuries s c

Kyrene on the coast of Africa was colonised by Greeks who founded five cities and promptly fell to fighting amongst themselves as well as with the native Libyans. They were eventually absorbed into Alexander the Great's empire and later that of the Ptolemies. I have based the chariots on the Libyan model as the Kyreneans appear to have adopted these from their neighbours. During a civil war one branch of the Kyrenean leadership allied with the Libyans whom they otherwise mostly fought against - in wlrich case chariots and skirmishers can be Libyan. The Kyreneans were always short of manpower, even when they banded together. Search Cyrenaica, The Pentapolis, Cyrene, Apollonia, Arsinoe, Berenice, Barca.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of units in the army m ust be infantry other th an skirmislrers.

Hoplites 25-50% of infantry

At least a quarter and no mo re than half of the non-skirmisher infantry units in the army must be hoplites of one type or another.

Cavalry up to 20%

Up to one in five units in the army can be cavalry.

Chariots up to 10%

Up to o ne in ten u nits in the army can be chariots.

Divisions 4+ units unless cavalry an d/o r charioK 

Divisions must c ontain a t least 4 units excluding skirmislrers and be led by a com man der unless they comprise cavalry aird/o r chariots only. A division consisting entirely of cavalry and /or chariots can be any size so long as it includes all the cavalry and all the chariots in the army.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infentry.

30

Kyrenean Greek Troop Values Unit

Combat Clash

Heavy infantry hoplites armed w ith long spears Extra to make Creek hoplites phalanx Extra to make Greek lioplite phalanx elite light infantry peltasts with spears/iavelins

S u st ai ne d S lr or t Range

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

7

7

3 /0

0

4+

6

7

7

3 /0

0

4+

6

Phalanx

+3 per  wnit

7

7

3 /0

0

4+

6

Phalanx,  Elite

+3  per unit 

5

5

0

6+

2

0

6+

4

-7i>eranit

Redaction to field light infant^, peitost. as . ma l units

29 per unit

20  per

unit

Skirmishers armed with Javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11  per

* Ext ra to give skirmishers slings or bows instead of javelins  - up to half the skirmisher   anits

2

2

2

2

0

4

+1permit 

Medium cavalry fielded as a small units

6

3

2

0

5*

4

19 per unit

Light cavalry armed with Javelins and fielded as a small units

5

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

6

3

0

4+

6

29 per unit

Kyrenean four-horse light clrariots with Javelin-armed crews

8

Commanders

1ίcommander must  be prov ided per divis ion. All comma nders including general have leaderslrip 8 .

EARLY ACHAEMENID PERSIAN

unit

free

-

centuries BC

This is the classic Persian army of the time of the wars against Greece and as such will be familiar to many with an interest in ancient history and warfare. It is a multi-ethnic army - as described at some length by the ancient historian Herodotus - with a core ofMed es and Persians. The Achaemenid Empire stretched from Greece to India and included Egypt in the sou th and th e coast oftl ie Black Sea in the Nor th, making it one o f the largest empires of the ancient Near East. The army affords a good mix of cavalry and infantry: the infantry combine ranged shooting and hand-to-hand combat in the usual fashion for many Near Eastern armies. The Persian sparabara refers to the 'spara' shield - a tall, oblong shield carried by the front ranks of mixed formations and often used to form an improvised barrier. This is represented by allowing the - 1 to Ilit by raiiged fire from the fr ont in the same way as for formations of heavy infantty. No po int cost has been allocated for this. Although I've only included the note as part of the sparabara, the rule can be extended to othe r unite where they have tlte same large spara shield, if players wish. Search: Cyrus the Great, The Battle of Pteria, Cambyses II, The Battle of Pelusium, Darius the Great, Xerxes, The G re cT ers ian Wars.

Cavalry up to 50%

Up to ha lf the units in the army can be cavalry.

Infantry 25%+

'At least a quarter of the u nits in tire arnry must be in fantry other than skirmishers.

Sparabara 25%+ of infantry

At least a quarter of the nonskirmisher infantry units in the army must be sparabara.

Levy 25%+ of infantry

At least a qua rter o f non-skirmislrer infantry units in the army must be levy.

Mercenary hoplites up to 25% of infantry

Up to a quarter o f the non-skirmisher infentry units in the army can be hoplites.

Heavy scythed chariots up to 3 units

Up to three un its in th e army can be heavy scythed chariote.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mus t contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and be led by a commander. Hoplites mu st be orgairized into hoplite divisions consisting entirely of hoplites, o r Iroplites and Javelin-armed skirmislrer units as noted below.

Skirmishers per division 50% o f infantry

Divisions may contaiir up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Early Achaemen id Persian Tro op Values Combat

Unit Clash

Immortal medium infantry with spears and bows

6

Sustained Sho rt Range 6 

3

6

Iranian/Mede sparabara medium infantry with mixed spears and bows.

Special

Points Value

3

5+

6

Stubborn, Marksmen

29 per unit

-3

5+

6

Sparabara (See notes)

26 per unit

Medium infantry levy with spears

6

6

3

0

5+

6

Levy

20  per

unit

Medium infantry levy armed w ith bows

5

5

3

3

5+

6

Levy

21   per

unit

Heavy infantry mercenary hoplites arm ed with long spears

7

7

3/0

0

4-

6

Elite, Phalanx

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11   per

2

2

2

0

4

1

2

2

2

0

4

+1  per

Extra to give skirmishers  slings insta d of javelins - up to half the skirmisher units 2

Extra to give skirmishers hows instead of javelins - up to half the skirmisher units

Lei0.

 As above

Reduction to field any skirmisher wnits as levy Light cavalry armed with javelins fielded as small units Extra to replace light cavalry javelins with bows - tip to half 

35 per unit

unit

 per unit

-2 per

unit

unit 

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight

5

3

2

2

6+

4

Feigned fl ight

+2 per

unit

Feigned flight. Levy

-2  per

unit

 As above

Reduction to  field   any light cavalry units as levy

19 per u nit

Horse archers fielded as small uirits

4

2

2

2

6+

4.

Parthian shot

19 per un it

Heavy cavalry guard witlr spears and bows - up to 1  unit

9

6

3

2

4+

6

Stubborn, Marksmen

36 per unit

Mediu m cavalry' armed w ith spears a ltd bows

8

5

3

2

5+

6

29 per unit

6

-2  per

6

+3 per unit

 Reduction to field medium cavalry without  bows - up to 1  unit

8 

5

3

Extra to upgrade medium cavalry with spears and bows to heavy cavalry - up to hal f 

9

6

5

Heavy scythed chariot fielded as a unit of 1  model Arab cam el-mounted light cavalry with bows and  javelins field ed as a sma ll u ni t - up to 1  unit Commanders upgrade hoplite commanders

EARLY CARTHAGINIAN

5+ 2

4+

Levy

As abeve

Redttction to make heary or medium cavalry lety - ttp to hal f 

I f 

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

4

0

0

0

.3

2

2

3*

6+

1   commander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership

unit

-3 per unit

4

Scythed clrariot

10  per

unit

4

Feigned flight

20  per

unit

Free 8.

25 each

Ar  commanders ofhoplii te divisions can be upgraded to leadership 9.

6 th ir d

centuries BC

This army represents the forces of Carthage during the expansion of her domains in Africa and the first conflicts with Greek colonies in the western Mediterranean. This is a period during the history of Carthage that is less well-documented or understood than the later period of wars against Rome. However, it is during these years that the power of Carthage was at its greatest extent. It is therefore an interesting subject for a wargames army even if it must be, to some extent, a speculative one. It is a multiethnic army that contains various mercenaries as well as local No rth African troops. Greek mercenary hoplites were also enrployed, specifically after tire Carthaginians ' p oor showing at th e Battle of the Krimisos in 341 BC, and could be included in an army of this period (see the Hoplite Greek list for stats). Cartlraginian cavalry are given reduced attacks on tire basis tlrey were poorer even than Greeks. I have chosen to represen t chariots as light charioK, making them mobile fighting platforms rather than lunrlrering wagons, albeit pulled by four horses. This is, of course, arguable, and those wishing ro employ heavy chariots are welcome to make the change. Skirmishers can Ire any of the nations represented an d would typically be Numidians or Libyans. Search Tyre, Queen Dido, Tire Magonids, Hanno, Himilco, the Greek-Punic Wars, The Battle of Himera.

-

Infantry 50%+

At least half of units in tire army mus t be infantry othe r tlran skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quar ter of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Light Cavalry 50%+ of cavalry

At least half of the cavalry unite in the army must be light cavalry.

Chariots up to 25%

Up to 'a quar ter of the units in the army can be chariote.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must contain at least 4 unite other than skirmishers and be led by a comma nder. Libyan warbands and clrariote can only be included as part of allied divisions consisting entirely of Libyans. Libyan divisions can include Libyan skirmishers as noted below.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may Contain up to half as many skirmisher units as tlrey contain n onsk irmis her infantry.

Early Carthaginian Troop Values Un it

Com bat C la sh

African medium infantry with long spears Extra to make African mediwm infantry phalanx

S u st ai ne d   Slrort Range 3 /0

0

5

b

6

6

3 /0

0

5

6

3/ 0

0

4+

6

1

3 /0

0

4+

6

7

3/ 0

0

4+

3 /0

0

1

7

special

Points value

6

Sacred Band heavy infantry with long spears - up to 1   unit Extra to make Sacred Band phalanx

Save

6

Carth aginian heavy infontry witlr long spears Extra to make heat^ infantry phalanx

Morale Stamina Long Range

20 per unit

+3  per   unit

 

Phalanx

 

Phalanx

+3 per unit 

6

Elite, To ugh figlvters

33 per unit

4+

t.

Elite, Tough figlrters. Phalanx

+3perwn t

W ild fighters

28 per u nit

29 per unit

Gallic medium infantry warband armed with swords an d javelins

9

6

2

0

5+

b

Spanish scutarii light infentry arnred with pila

5

5

3

0

6+

6

23 per unit

Ligurian liglrt infantry arm ed with double-handed axes

6

.5

2/0

0

6

6

21   per unit

Ligurian. Sardiirian or Corsican liglrt infentry arm ed with javelins

5

.5

-3

0

6+

6

20  per unit

Libyan liglrt infantry warband with javelins

7

5

2

0

6+

6

21  per unit

Skirmislrers armed with javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

1,1  per unit

Spanish Balearic skirmishers w ith slings

2

2

2

2

0

4

Ligurian skirmishers with slitrgs up to 1   unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per unit

Sarditrian skirmishers with bowsup to 1   unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

12  per unit

Carthaginian medium cavalry fielded as a small unit - up to 1  unit

5

3

2

0

5+

4

18 per unit

Greek, Etruscan or Campanian m edium cavalry fielded as small units

6

3

1

5

4

19 per unit

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Medium artillery bolt throwers

1

1

0

.3

0

.3

20  per unit

Cartha ginian o r Libyan four-horse light chariote with javelinar med crews

8

b

3

0

6

29 per unit

Commanders

1  commander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8 .

 Nu m idi an ligh t cavalr y ar me d w ith ja velins and fielded as small units

Upgrade hoplite commanders

4

Arry commanders of hoplite divisions  can te Mpgraded to leadership 9.

Marksmen

F eigtr ed fliglr t

13 per unit

19 pe r u ni t

Free

I

l

l

HO P 3Ij A

A I

dth-early 5th centuries BC

;GREEK 

This list represents the Greek armies from the tinre of the wars against Persia. This army has a heavy empltasis on hoplites and very little room for skirmishers arrd cavalry as seems appropriate for these early Greeks..More light troops and cavalry were included in later years, and it is left to  players to reliut the restrictions accordingly where they feel it appropriate to do so. Hoplites of the immediately preceding period often carried a second spear to throw, and 1’ve taken it as read that this practice had been discontinued by the time of the Persian wars. Should  players wish, this dual-arming can be represented by restoring a full (short range' value of 3 to hoplite units ra ther tha n the split value of 3/0. One unit of light cavalry and on e small unit o f light infantry peltaste can form a combined hamippoi u nit with bo th treated as sub-units of the other. Hamippoi were ttained to fight alongside horsemen and keep up with them: So long as hamippoi infantry remain within 6" of their cavalry whilst both move their move rate is increased to 9". Hamippoi count as cavalry for the purposes of forming a (cavalry only' division. Search Tire Ionian Revolt, The Battle of Marathon, T he Battle of Thermopylae, Tire Battle of Plataea.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the units in the army must be infantry oth er tha n skirmishers.

Hoplites 75%+ of infantry

At least three quarters of the non-skirmisher infantry units in the arnry must comprise hoplites of one kind or anothei-.

Spartans up to 50% of hoplites

Up to half of hoplite units can be Spartans.

Cavalry up to 10%

Up to one in ten o f the units in the arnry can be cavalry.

Divisions 4+ units unless cavalry

Divisions must contain at least 4 units unless they comprise cavalry only. A division consisting entirely of cavalry can be any sire so long as it incltides all the cavalry in the army. Each division nrust be led by a commander.

Skirnrishers per division 25% o f infentry

Divisions may contain up to a quarter as many skirmisher units as they conrain non-skirmisher infantry.

Hop lite Greek Troop Values C om bat

Tnit Clash

Spartan heavy infantry hoplites armed witlr long spears

Points Value

S li or t Range

L on g Range

7

3/ 0

0

4+

6

D ri ll ed , S m b bo r n, Elite, Plralanx

41 pe r u n i t

3/ 0

0

4+

6

Elite, Phalanx

35 per unit

Hoplite hear^ infantry arm ed with long spears

7

7

3/ 0

0

4+

6

Phalanx

32 per unit

Levy hoplite heavy infantry armed with long spears

6

6

3/ 0

0

4+

6

Levy, Phalanx

27 per unit

Light infantry peltasts with spears/javelins

5

5

3

0

6+

6

20  per unit

3

2

0

6+

4

- 7  per unit

3

2

2

0

0

4

11  per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

+1  per unit

Extra to upgrade skirmisher slingers to  Rh odi an s - up to 1 unit

2

2

2

2

Extra to give skirmishers bows instead  of javelins - up to unit

2

2

2

2

 Extra to upgrade skirmisher bowme n to Cretans

2

2

2

2

Medium cavalry fielded as small units

6

2

0

5+

4

19 per unit

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded  as small units

5

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

.5

3

2

0

6+

4

Reduction to fie ld  light infantry  peltasts as small units Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small units to give skirmishers slings instead of javelins - up to half the skirmisher units

 Ex tra

/

speeial

S us ta in ed

Elite hoplite heavy infanny armed w ith long speare

;1

M orale Stam ina Save

E t r a to upgrade ligfrt cavalry Thessalians unit

4 0

Mai'ksnten

4

4

+1  per unit +1 per u n it

Marksmen

Feigned Flight

+1 per unit 

+2 per unit

-uptol

Commanders Extra to upgrade general to leadership 9

1  comm ander must be provi ded per division . All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Free

If the army includes its maximum quota of spa rtan fwplites a Spartan general can lead it. A spartan general has leadersilip 9 and can add up to a m a x i m u m of 6 attacks in hand-todiand  comhat ratfier titan the usual 3.

+25

34

 

>'■

.:-:r

a

c

i

a

'

n

,

 c e n t u r ie s

B

C

was the name given  b s was given by the Greeks to the lands to their north inhabited by barbarians that they called Thracians. In Greek usage usage the term therefore somewhat imprecise, but by Thrace we generally refer to the eastern Balkans. The Thracians were closely related to the Bithynians : f the Hellespont Hellespont and the Dacians to the North (modern Romania). Part ofThrace ofThr ace was absorbed absorbed into the Empire of Alexander the Great Great  his successors and Thracians fought as mercenaries in Hellenistic armies. The classic Thracian troop type is the peltast armed with a mix of ' and light spears and often carrying the characteristic character istic rlromphaia, a heavy heavy scyth scythe-lik e-likee weapon that th at is probably comparable to the Dacian falx. falx. - ur list ^ ra c ia n peltasts peltasts with mixed mixed long spears spears and Jave Javelin linss count the long spear spear rule but retain a sh ort ranged attack. Pelta Peltaste ste cannot carry carry long spears and rho'mphaia. The Thracians hired out to suttounding Greek and Hellenistic states, and likewise Thracian armies could :h u d e Greek hoplites as as mercenaries mercenaries - see the Greek Hoplite and T iter Hoplite Greek liste liste for suitable suitable stats. stats.

Search The Getae, T he O drysian Kingdom, King Cotys, Cotys, Seuthopolis, Seuthopolis, Paeonians.

Cavalry Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a qu arter of tlie units in th e army can be cavalry. cavalry.

Infantry 75%+

At least tlrree tlrree quarters of the units in tlie army must be infantry other tha n skirmishers. skirmishers.

Peltasts Peltasts 50%+ of infantry

At least half the non-skirmisher infantry in the army must be peltasts.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must contain at least 4 units and be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions Divisions may contain up to half as as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantty. infantty.

Thracian Troop Values Unit

Combat Clash Sustained Short Range

Medium cavalry cavalry with javelins javelins - up to 1 unit

8

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units

5

Peltast light light infantry arm ed with javelins and shields

5

Morale Stamina Save

0

5+

6

27 per unit

.3

2

0

6+

4

17 per un it

5

3

6+

<

20 per unit +3 per anit

3

0

6+

6

6+ 6+

6 6

.5 5

3

3

0 0

6 

5

3

0

6+

6

4

4 3

3 2

,3 2

0

6 4

20 per unit

3

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per un it

Skirmishers with slings fielded as a small unit - up to 1 unit

2

2

2.

2

0

4

12 per unit

Extra to make rhomphaia  peltasts tough fighters Light infantry archers - up to 1 unit  Reduction to field light infantry archers

as small anits

Commanders

1 comm ander must be provided per divisi division. on. All comnranders including general have Leadership 8.

Greek hoplites arrayed for battle. 35

r

i !

P o in t s Value

5 6

Extra to make long spear peltasts tough fighters Extrtt to give peltasts doable-handed rhomphaia an d javelins javelins

L

Special

3

5

Extra to field peltasK as mixed javelins and long spear 

Long Range

§

Ä

l

l

i

'

Toagh fighters

+ 1p ermit +2 per anit

Tough ii.keT 

+ 1 per anit

-6 per anit

Free

S Ä Ü IT E

f t h f d c en tu ries B C

The term Samnite was was used by the Romans to describe the inhab itants o fSamn ium, a region region of central and southe rn Italy. Italy. Tlrey Tlrey fought a series series of wars wars against against the Romans in the 4 th and early early 3rd centuries BC, and allied with Hannibal against against the Romans d uring the Second Punic War. They often fought in concert with other Italians against Rome and the list reflects the support ofOscan, Campanian and other allies allies.. In later times the Samnites revolted revolted against the Romans in the Social Social War of 918 8 BC. Search The Samnite Wars, Tire Cau dine Forks, Tire Battle of Aquilonia, Tire Linen Legion. Legion.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a qua rter of the uirits iir the arnry can be cavalry. cavalry.

Samnite/Lu canian light cavalry cavalry 50%+ of cavalry cavalry

At least half the cavalry cavalry units in the army must be Samnite or Lucanian light cavalr cavalry. y.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the u nits in tire army army must be infantry othe r than skirmishers. skirmishers.

Samnite light infantry 25%+ o f infantry

At least a qu arter of the iron-skirmis iron-skirmisher her infantry tmits in the army must be Samnite liglrt liglrt infantry. infantry.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions Divisions must con tain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers skirmishers and be led by a commander.

Skirmishers Skirmishers per division 25% of infantry

Divisions may may contain u p to a quarter as many skirmisher unite as they contain non-skirmisher infantry. infantry.

Samnite Troop Values Combat

Unit

Clash Sustained Short Range

Long Range

(

6

3

0

6

6

3

0

Samnite Linen Legion medium infantry

6

6

3

Extra to give medinm Linen Legion pila

6

6

Samnite medium infentry armed rvitlr spears Extra to give Samnite infantry  pila - up  to half 

Samnite Linen Legion heavy' infantry

1

Extra to give heavy Linen Legion pila Oscan m edium infontry witli witli pila

6

Oscan or Ca mpanian heavy heavy infontry infontry hoplites with long spears - up to 1 unit

7

Morale Stamina Save

special

Points Value

5+

6

23 per unit +3 per uni t 

0

5+ 5+

6

3

0

3

6

Stubborn

25 per unit

5+

6 

Stnbhorn

+3 per unit

0 0

4+

6 

Stubborn

29 per unit

4

6 

Stubborn

+3 per unit

3)

6

3/ 0

0 0

4+

6

Phalanx

32 per unit

2/0

0

4+

4

Phalanx

23 per unit

3

7

3

6

3

 

26 per uirit

5

.5

5 5 5 5

0

6

6

5 5

3

0

6+

6 

3

6

3

0 0

6+

5

6+

3

2

2

0

0

4

2

2

2

2

0

4

Levy

10 per un it

2

2

2

2

0

4

Levy'

10 per un it

Samnite or Lucanian light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight

19 per unit

Tarentine or A pulian light cavalry cavalry armed witlr javelins javelins and fieldetl as small unite

5

3

2

0

6.

4

Elite

19 per unit

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Elite, Stubborn

+ 1 per unit unit

Campanian light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as a small unit - up to 1 unit

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Elite, Feigned flight

21 per unit

Apulian nredium cavalry witlr spears fielded as a small unit - up to 1 unit

6

3

2

0

.5+

4

Commanders

1, comma nder m ust be provided per division, All All commanders including general general have leadership 8.

Lucanian heavy infentry with long spears fielded fielded as as a small unit - up to 1 unit Samnite liglit infantry armed witla Javelins Extra to make Samnite light infantry drilled Extra to make Samnite light infantry elite Extra to make any of the above towgli towgli fighters Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small units Peasant skirmishers armed with  bows a nd fielded as a s mall un it - up to 1 un it Peasant skirmishers armed with slings slings and fielded as a small unit - up to 1 unit

Extra to make Tarentine cavalry stuhhorn

36

20 per unit  

Drilled 

+3 per unit

Drilled, Elite

+6 per unit

'A s abov abovee + Tough fighters + 1per unit

11 per unit

19 per unit Free

. ; ' . : ! H O P L I T E G R EE EE K

t h c a ri riy jd c in ta rie s B C

m y list represents the Greek forces forces of the Peloponnesian War which broke out in 460 BC, although alt hough the term ter m is usually usually reserved for for the war Γ '· :: η Athens and Sparta lasting from 431-40 431-404 4 BC. It also covers covers the Greek armies down to the Macedonian conquest and immediately afterwa afterwards, rds, army has obvious parallels parallels with the early Greeks Greeks and has a similar, though slightly reduced, emphasis on the t he hoplite. I have allowed allowed for more A li s h e r s and a greater propo rtion of o f light troops overall. overall. I have have drawn up a broad'based list and leave it to players players to include Spartans only in fighting for Sparta - though Theban Sacred Band might be accorded the same stanis. One unit of light cavalry and one small unit of light r i - t r y peltasts peltasts can form a combined hamippoi unit with both treated as suLunits of the other. Hamippoi were trained to fight fight alongside alongside horsemen : _ keep up with them. So long as hamippoi infantry remain within 6" (if their cavalry whilst both move their move rate is increased to 9".

^arch: The Delian league. The Peloponnesian War, The Battle (if Mantinea, The Sicilian Expedition, The Corinthian War, The Battle War. : leuctra. The Thir d Sacred War.

I n fa n tr y 75 75% +

A t l ea s t th re e qu qu a rte rs of of u n its in in th th e ar arnry m us us t be in in fa n tr y o t lie r th th a n sk sk irm is h ers .

Hoplites 50%+ of infantry

At least lralf ofth e non-skirmisher infantry units in tire arnry arnry must be hoplites of one kiirtl kiirtl or anotlier. anotlier.

S pa pa rt rta ns ns u p to to 5 0% 0% o f h op op li lite s

U p to to h al al f o f h op op li lite u ni ni ts ts c an an Ir Ire S pa parta ir ir s. s.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a q uarter o f the units in the army can Ire Ire cavalr cavalry. y.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must .coirtain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must Ire led by a commander.

Skirmislrer Skirmislrerss pe r division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to h alf as many skirmisher skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry. infantry.

Later Ho plite Greek Troop Values Values Combat

Unit

Claslr  Sustained Short Range Spartan heavy infantry hoplites armed witlr long spears

7

Elite hoplite heavy infentry armed with long spears spears

Long Range

3/ 0

Special

Morale Stamina Save

Points Value

4+

6

Drilled, Stubborn, Elite, Elite, Phalanx

41 per unit

.3/0

0

4

6

E l it e , P h a l a n x

35 per unit

Hoplite heavy infantry armed with long spears

7

3 /0

0

4+

6

Plialanx

32 per unit

Levy Levy hoplites hoplites heavy infantr infantry y armed with long spear spearss 6

6

3 /0

0

4+

6

levy. Phalanx

27 per unit

3

0

4+

(

26 per unit

Thorak itai heavy infantry with spears a nd Javelins Javelins medium medium infant infantry ry with spears an d javelins javelins

6

6

3

0

5+

6

23 per unit

L ig ig ht ht i nf nf an an tr tr y p el elt as as ts ts w itit lr lr s pe pe ar ar s/ s/ ja ja ve ve li li ns ns

5

5

3

0

6+

6

20 per unit

Reduction to field tight infantry  peltasts as small units 3

3

2

0

6+

4

- 7 per unit 

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Extra to give skirmishers slings instead of javelin javelinss - up to half the skirmisher skirmisher units

2

2

2

2

0

4

+1 per unit

 Extra to up^ade skirmisher slingers slingers to Rhodians Rhodians - up to 1 unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

Extra to give skirmishers hows instead of javelin javelinss - up to 1 unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

 Extra to upgrade skirmisher  howmen   howmen to Cretans

2

2

2

2

0

4

Mediunr cavalry fielded as small uirits

6

3

2

0

5+

4

19 per un it

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units

,5

3

2

6+

4

17 per unit

Extra to upgrade light cavalry to Ttessalians - up to unit

5

3

2

6+

4

Skirirrishers armed with javelins and fielded as small units

Commanders Extra to upgrade general to leadersilip 9

0

Marksmen

+ 1 pe per un it + 1 pe rm it 

Marksmen

Feigned Feigned flig ht 

+ 1 pe per unit

+2 per unit

1 comm ander must be provided per division. division. All commanders including general have have leadership 8.

Free

If the army includes its maximum quota of spartan hoplites a spartan spartan general can lead it. A spartan general has leadersilip 9 and can add up to d attacks in hand-to-hand comhat instead oftlie usual 3.

+25

F A U R I N A ND N D MA MAURYAN I N D U S

5th

ir d centuries ies s c

This list describes describes the armies tha t confronted confront ed Alexander the Gre at as well well as his successo successors rs in the t he East. In the wake of Alexander's Alexander's death deat h Chandragupta Maurya rose to become the first ruler of a unified India. The dynasty he founded lasted until the early 2nd century BC. According to the ancient historian Arrian, Indian society was divided into castes that included hereditary warriors, and he goes on to describe types of chariots and much about the fighting methods of the Indians. I have chosen to arrange the Indian archer and spear-armed troops into mixed units as this seems seems inherently i nherently likely and seems to fit the general character and fighting method me thod of o f the army. army. Indian I ndian cavalry cavalry performed performed  poorly  poorly again against st the Mace Macedon donian ianss and seem seem to hav havee been of low lowly stanr stanrss comp compare ared d to the chario chariots ts and eleph elephant ants. s. I hav havee desc describ ribed ed the the fighti fighting ng cavalry as medium but reduced their clash value to that of light troops - without the advantage of being able to fight in open order. Chariots could be very very large large with numerous draught animals that could include teams t eams of oxen! oxen! The largest would would have four wheels wheels akin to t o wagons wagons - it seems uirlikely suclr lumbering hulks would have much impact in combat. Indian states with few elephants would use large, heavy wagon-like chariots to try and compensate for their t heir lack, lack, and a nd these t hese would be stuffed with archers. I have represented t hese with the οχ-draw οχ-drawn n heavy heavy chariote, chariote, reducing their clash vaue appropriately. appropriately. Ο χ-drawn χ-drawn chariots/wagons are limited to a single single move each each tur n regardless regardless of how successftilly an order is issued. It is certainly a colourful army and one that features both elephants and chariots in considerable amounts! Cavalry were not considered especially prestigious amongst the Indians, who reserved chariots and elephants for the true elites - commanders would be likely to ride one or the other. Search: Search: King Poros, Battle of the Hydaspes, Hydaspes, Chandragup C handragupta ta Maurya. Maurya Empire. Ashoka the Great, the Seleucid-Mauryan Seleucid-Mauryan War, War, Megasthenes, Arrian's lndica

Infantry 50%+

At least a half of the unite in tire army army must be infantry o ther th an skirmishers.

Warrior caste 50%+ of infantry

At least half the non-skirmisher infantry units in the -army -army must he wa rrior caste caste troops of one kind or another.

Cavalry Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a qu arter o f the units in tire army cair cair be cavalr cavalry. y.

Chariots up to 25%,

Up to a quarter o f the the unite in the army can be chariots. chariots.

Elephants up to 20%

Up to one in five of tire unite in the army can Ire elephairts.

Artillery Artillery up to 2

Up to one unit of each type can be included and no more than one in ten of tire numlrer of units in the army' in total.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions Divisions mu st conta in at least 4 units excluding skirmishers, skirmishers, unless consisting of mercenaries in which case they can be smaller as noted below. below. Chariots, cavalry cavalry and elephants cann ot Ire mixed mixed in tire same division. Mercenaries must form a single divisioir of 1 or more units unless tlrere are more than 5 units in tota l excluding skirmishers, skirmishers, in whiclr case they they can be organised into w o separate divisions divisions for ease of comman d. All divisions divisions mu st have a commander.

Skirmishers Skirmishers p er division 50% of infantry or 1 per elephant

Divisions Divisions may contain up to half as many many skirmisher units as they conta in no nskirm isher infantry. infantry. Elephants can have skirmishers as sub-unite as noted.-

Pauravan and Maury an Indians Troop Values Values Combat

Unit

Clash Sustained Short Range Heavy infantry guards armed with spears and javelins- up to 1 unit

1

L ng Range

Morale Stamina Save

S p e c ia l

P o in t s Value

3

0

4+

0

Tough fighters

27 per unit

Tough fighters

+Ι pe rm it 

δ

7 

1 /0

0

4

6

Warrior caste medium infentry with mixed ranks of spears/javelins and bows

6

6

.3

3

5+

b

26 per unit

Warrior caste caste medium infantry armed with bows

5

5

,3

3

5+

6

24 per unit

Guildsmen levy levy medium infantry with bows

.5

5

3

3

5-

6

Levy

21 per unit

Mercenary medium infantry with spears andjawlins

6

b

3

-3

5

6

Stubborir 

28 per unit

Mercenary medium infantry with bows

5

5

.3

.3

.5+

6

Marksmeir 

25 peru.nit

 Extra to give guards guards doubledouble-hand handed  ed 

swor swords ds - up to 1 unit

-

i

Unit

Combat

Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small units Extra t. give skirmishers slings instead 

Clash

S u st ai ne d

S lr or t Range

Long Range

3

2

2

0

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

5

M orale S tam ina Save

Special

Points Value

4

11 per unit

0

4

+1 per unit 

2

0

4

+1 p e r m i t  

3

0

5+

6

26 per unit

ofjavelins -u p to l unit 

Extra to give skimishers hows instead  ofjavelins

-

up to 1 unit 

Medium cavalry armed witlr spears/javelins Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded  as small unite

5

3

2

0

6

4

17 per un it

Light chariote with spear/javelin-armed crews

6

6 6

3 3

0 3

4 4+

6 6

27 per unit

3

6 6

30 per unit

3

0 3

Extra to equip light chariots with  how armed crews

6

Heavy chariots with spear/javelin-armed crews

9

Extra to equip heat, chariots witft how armed crew

9

5 -

Extra to make any chariot unit  elite regartlless of armament

3+

+3 per unit 

+3 per unit 

As ahove — 

Elite

+3 per wait

Ο χ-drawn heavy chariot 'anti-elephant wagon' with bow-armed crews

5

5

3

3

3+

6

See notes

29 per unit

Elepha nt with crew artned with spears.  javelins and bows

4

3

1

1

4+

6

Elephant

24 per unit

Sub-unit of skirmishers fielded as small units - up to 1 per elephant

3

2

2

0

1

1

2

2

1

0

3

Light artillery

-

up to 1 unit

Medium artillery - up to 1 unit

4

11 per unit

0

.3

15 per unit

0

.3

20 per unit

11commander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8

Commanders

SYRACUSAN

Eree

4

h early rd centuries BC

Syracuse was a Greek colony in Sicily and one of tire most powerful and influential cities of the western Mediterranean. Although isolated from the principal cities of Greece it played a major part during the Peloponnesian War where its large and powerful navy proved decisive. The Syracusans made the mistake of allying themselves with Carthage against Rome, an error of judgement tlrat led to their annexation by the Romans in 21,2 BC. This is a varied army with many colourful troop types and I lrave somewhat emphasised the  potential differences to reflect this. Etruscans carrying both long spear and pila can count as either during any turn but never both. As the rules for both weapons only apply during the initial turn of combat this has been costed at 3 points ratlrer than 6. Search Dionysius 1 of Syracuse, Hiero II of Syracuse, Tyrants of Syracuse.

Cavalry up to 33%

Up to a thir d of the unite in the army can be cavalry.

Infentty 50%+

At least half of the. unite in the army must be infantry oth er tha n skirmishers.

Hoplites 25%+ of infantry

At least a quarter of the nonskirmisher infantry unite in the army must be hoplites.

Mercenary Hoplites up to 50% ofHoplites

Up to half the hop lite units in the army can be mercenary hoplites including bodyguard.

Artillery up to 3

The armycan include up to 3 units of artillery, of which no more than 1 unit can be medium artillery.

Divisions 4+ unite

Divisions mu st contain at least 4 unite excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to ha lf as many skirmisher unite as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

39

-

Syracusan Troop Values Unit

C om bat Clash Sustained

M orale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Short Range

Long Range

Mercenary hoplite guard heavy infantry armed with long spears - tip to 1 unit

3/0

0

4+

6

Elite, Phalanx

35 per unit

Mercenary lroplite lieavy infantry armed witlr long spears

3 /0

0

4+

6

Phalanx

32 per unit

3/ 0

0

4+

6

Levy, Phalanx

27 per unit

3

0

4+

6

See note

29 per ttnit

3

0

6+

6

20 per utrit

2

0

6+

4

-7 per unit

.5..

6

Syracusan and allietl hoplite heavy infantry armetl with long spears

6

6

Etruscan heavy infantry armed with mix of long spears aitd pila - up to 1 unit Campan ian or Samnite liglit infantry with spears and Javeliirs

5

5

Reduction to field light infantry as small units Gallic medium infantry warband witlt swords and javelins - up to 1 unit

9

6

2

0

Spanish scutarii medium infantry with heavy  javelins c ou ntin g as pila - up to 1 un it

6

6

3

0

Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

Extra to give skirmishers slings instead of jdvelins - up to lialftlte skirmisher  units

2

2

2

Extra to give skirmishers hows instead ofj'avelins - up to unit

2

2

8

Greek medium cavalry armed with spears and/or javelins Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units Gastraphetes-armed troops counting as light artillery

1

Bolt-thowing ballista, medium artillery up to 1 unit

1

Commanders

Wild fighters

28 per unit

(

26 per unit

0

4

11 per unit

2

0

4

+ Ϊper unit

2

2

0

4

+1 per nit

5

3

0

5+

6

27 per unit

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

2

2

0

3

15 per unit

0

3

0

3

20 per unit

1

5

1 commander must be  provided  per divisio n. All c.mm ande rs including general have leadership 8.

Free

THE DO G OF MARATHON Following the Greek victory against the Persians at Marathon in 490BC, the Athenians created a painted mural to commemorate the battle. This stood in the northern porch of the market-square - the Agora - alongside murals depicting, amongst other !::: the A ^a ^n s and the sack ofTroy.Recording to the writer Claudius Aelianug- better  : : : : ct°;y : : known as Aelian - the painted scene included a depiction of one of the femous legends surrounding the battle: the tale of tlte dog of Marathon. This faithful dog is supposed to have followed its master to the Greek camp and to have fought at his side against the Persians. The story is referred to in Aelian's On the  Nature of Animals, a work full of all kinds of bizarre stories about animals, some of which later found their way into medieval bestiaries. The murals survived for Itundreds of years until removed during the late fourth cen tury by the R oman governor, after which they disappeared. Bronze .Luristan' sword  Iran  c. 900 ÖC (Perry Collection)

4 t! w arly

C A M IL L A N R O M E

 centuries BC

This is the army of Marcus Furius Camillus and his successors. Camillus was a Roman dictator who fought against the Ettuscans and defeated an invading army of Gauls. The classic division of the army into hastati, principes and triarii and their method of fighting is ascribed to Camülus by Livy and has been used as the basis for this list. Note tl iat has tati/p rinc ipes/ triar ii can be Romans or Latin allies. The classic Roman three-line fighting formation with hastati at the front) principes behind, and triarii at the rear is difficult to impose upon players who often want to lead with their ‘best’ troops - namely the triarii. To encourage players to use tactics comparable to our forebears we rule that the loss of hastati units doesn't count for purposes of the division becoming broken. It therefore makes sense to use them for the initial fighting. Triarii, on the other hand, have a close range attack value of 3 for supporting - a bonused value for a small unit - and are therefore ideally placed behind a fighting unit. Representing the smaller Roman tactical formations as small units is visually appealing and seems to feel right. If players prefer to field units at standard size they can certainly do so and suitable state for foil-size unite can be extracted from the Marian list. During the Latin War the Romans allied with the Samnites. Stats for Samnite ttoops can be found in the Samnite list. Search: The Latin War, The Battle of Vesuvius, The Samnite War, The Battle of Trifa num, The Battle of Allia, Marcus Furius Camillus.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of units in the army must be infantry oth er than skirmishers. O f these at least half must be Irastati, principes and/or triarii as noted below.

Hastati, principes and triarii 50 % of infantry

Together hastati, principes and triarii must m ake up a t least half the unite o f non-skirmisher infanny in the army. Hastati and principes units must be bought in pairs - 1 lrastati and 1 principes. Triarii can  be inclu ded in the rati o o f up to 1 un it of t ria rii for every tw o p airs of h as tat i/p rin cip es , ie, 2 hast ati: 2 principes: 1 triarii.

Cavalry up to 20%

Up to one in five of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Divisions 4 units

Divisions nrust contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander. Allied infantry m ust be fielded in divisions wholly composed of native troops - this nray incltide leves skirmishers as noted below.

Skirmislrers per division 25% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to a quarter as many skirmisher units as they conrain non-skirmisher infantry.

Cam illan Rom an Troop Values Unit

Combat Clash

Sustained Slrcrt Range

long Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

5+

4

Drilled 

20 per unit

4+

4

Drilled 

+3 per wnit

Drilled 

Free

4

Drilled 

20 per unit

4+

4

Drilled 

+3 per wnit

0

4+

4

Drilled, Elite, Stubborn

28 per unit

3 /3

0

4

Drilled, Elite, Stubborn,  Valiant

+2 per wnit

6

3

0

5+

6

6

6

3

0

5+

6

leves skirmishers armed w ith Javelins and fielded as small tmits

.3

2

2

0

0

4

llperuirit

Roman or Italian medium cavalry fielded as small units

b

3

2

0

5+

4

19 per unit

E tr a to upgrade Roman medium  cavalry to elite .Knights of the City ' - Mp to 1 wnit

6

3

2

0

Light cavalry armed with Javelins and fielded  as small units

5

3

2

0

Commanders

1 comm ander mu st be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Hastati medium infantry armed with long spears and fielded as small units  Extra to make hastati heavy infantry

Extra to give  hastati heavy infantry  pilci instead of long spears Principes medium infantry armed with long spears and fielded as small units E tr a to make principes heavy infantry Triarii heavy infantry arm ed w ith long spears and fielded as small units E t r a t o make  triarii valiant

Allied Italian medium infantry armed witlr spears or Javelins Redaction to make aiied Italians rorarii  levy

4

4

2/ 0

0

5

5

2 /3

0

5

5

2

4

4

2/ 0

0

5+

5

5

2 /3

0

5

5

3 /0

.5

5

6

41

4

4

4

+ 6+

4

4

23 per un it Levy

Elite

-3 per wnit

+2 per unit

17 per un it

Free

1

GAULS

4 llH st centuries BC

The Gauls lived in what is today France and northern Italy. They were skilled metal-workers, and are said to have invented mail armour which was subsequently copied by the Romans and other nations. This is a very broad list covering a long time period and diverse area. For this reason I have included Gallic chariots, althouglr they passed out o f use during this period. Caesar encountered chariots for the first time in Britain. I have used the term Gaesatae to describe fanatical wan-iors inclined to fight naked or 'sky-clad' possibly believing to derive magical  protection as a result. Ancient historian Polybius maintains that this is not the name of a tribe but means 'mercenaries'. As with all barbarian lists this one is  based on accounte given by their enemies, which like-asnot overemphasise the wild and dangerous nature of these warriors in favour of a good story. We approve, an d do n ot hesitate to fashion our army in the same mould, with warbands of wild fighters, frenzied fanatics, and do-or-die bodyguards. Search: Brennus, The Battle of Allia, Bituitus King of the Arverai, The Gallic Wars, The Battle of Arar, Ambiorix of the Eburones, Vercingetorix, The Battle of Alesia. A Gallic warband clashes with Roman legionaries.

Infantry 75%+

A t least three quarters of the units in the arnty m ust be infantry other than skirmishers.

Warbands 50%+ of infantry

At least half the non-skirmisher infantry units in the army must be medium infantry warbands of one kind or other.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Chariots up to 10% if no med ium cavalry

Up to one in ten of the army can be chariots so long as the army contains no medium cavalry.

Divis ions 4+ un its .

Divisions m us t c on ta in at le ast 4 units excluding skirm ishers an d be led by a com mander . If general's guard is fielded these m ust form part o f the general's division. I f Germ an allies are included they must form a division togetheT with any skirmishers as noted below.

Skirmishers per division 50% ofin fentty

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmislrer infantry.

Gallic Troop Values Combat

Unit

Claslr  Sustained

Medium infantry warband armed with swords and javelins

9

Morale Stamina Save

S hort R atrge

Long R an ge

2

0

5+

3 2 2

0 0 0

5+ 5+ 5+

s 6 6 6

Extra to field warbands as large units

11

Extra to field standard-sized warbands as Belgae

9 9

s 6 6

9

6

2

0

5

General's guard medium infantry warband  - up to 1unit

9

6

2

0

5+

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0 2

0 0

4 4

Extrtt to field standard-sized warbantls as German allies - up to 4 wnits Extra to field a standard-sized  warband as Gaesatae - up to 1 wnit

Special

Points Value

Wild figlrters

28 per unit

Wild fighters

+7 per unit

Wild fighters. Eager 

Free

Wild fighters. Brave

+3 per unit

Wild fighters. Fanatic, Frenzied charge

+4 per unit

Tough figlrters. Stubborn, Valiant

31 per unit

Extra to equip up to half the skimiisher nnits with either slings or bows

2

2 2

Medium cavalry armed with spears/javelins

8

5

3

0

5+

6

Light cavalry armed with javelins fielded as small units

5

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

Gallic light chariots

6

5

4

0

4

6

27 per unit

Commanders

]1commander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

4 2

. H

i

11 per unit + 1 per unit

Tough fighters

28 per unit

Free

'.!f

:

t

;

f  : ;.-:

4th- ist centuries BC

ILLYRIAN

The Illyrians lived in the western Balkans but they left no significant account of themselves. This list has therefore been put together on the evidence of the Illyrians' Roman and Greek adversaries. It covers the period from tire near tmification of Illyria under King Bardyllis and his wars against the Macedonians, to the final conquest by the Romans and incorpora tion into the Empire as the province of Illyicum. In the 4th century BC the Illyrians fought against and were defeated by Sparta when they fielded two thousand Greek hoplites as well as a number of their own troops with Greek arms and armour. I have no t included these as tlrey were confined to tha t specific conflict - see the Hoplite list for suitable stats. Illyrians had few cavalry and were masters of raids, ambuscades and skirtnishing. Their infentry fought as dense bodies anned with spears, although it’s impossible to determine with what degree of discipline. I have chosen to porn-ay them as warbands, but with a modest clash value compared to thei r nor the rn neighbours. You may prefer to treat them as medium infantry with stan dard stats, tha t being an equally valid interpretation. Of special note is the presence of armed slaves amongst the Illyrian forces. I have treated these as levies. Search Illyrian Wars, King Bardyllis, Dardanians, Queen Teuta, Battle of Sellasia, King Gentius, Illyrian Warfare.

Cavalry up to 10%

Up to o ne in ten of the units in th e army can be cavalry.

Infantry 75 %

At least three quarters of the units in th e army must be infantry other th an skirmishers.

Warbands 75%+

At least three quarters of the nomskirmisher infantry must be warbands of one kind or another.

Bow armed skirmishers up to 25% of skirmishers

Up to a quarter of the skirmisher units can be bow armed - the remainder must be armed with  javelins or slings.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander. One division can consist entirely of skirmishers, but mtist still contain at least 4 units.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Mixed divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infentty. If general's guard is fielded these must form part oftlte general's division. A division that consists entirely of skirmishers cannot include more that h alf the total num ber of skirmish units in th e army.

Illyrian Troop Values Combat

Unit Clash

Sustaiired

Medium cavalry with javelins - u p to 1 unit

8

 big ht c avalry a rme d w ith ja velins an d fielde d  as small units

5

8

Extra to make medium  infant^ warband  tough fighters and frenzied  - up to half 

8

Points Value

bong R ange

5

3

0

5+

6

27 per unit

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

2

0

5+

6

23 per unit

6

2

6

2

6

Tough fighters, Eager 

+2  per  unit

Tough fighters.

+5 pe r u n it

+

0

5+

6

Frenzied charge

6

5

2

0

5*

6

 Levy

-5 per unit

Medium infantry warband general's guard - up to 1 unit

8

>

2

0

5+

>

Tough fighters. Smbborn

27 per unit

 big ht inf ant ry a rme d w ith j avelin s an d shiel ds

5

5

3

0

6+

b

20 per unit

light infentry archers

4

4 3

3 2

.3 2

0

20 per unit

0

6 4

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small unite

3 2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Skirmishers with bows fielded as small unite

2 ..

2 2

2 2

2 2

0

4 4

 Reduction to field medium infan  try warband as armed slaves - up  to half 

Redaction to field light infantry archers as small anits Skirmishers witlr javelins fielded as snrall units

Extra to make  sling or bow-armedskirmishers marlcsmen - ap to half of each Commanders

..

Special

Short Range

Medium infentry warband armed  with javelins or spears Extra to make medium  infantry warband tough fighters - up to half 

Morale Stamina Save

5

2

0

1 commander must be provided per division. All commanders includi'ng general have leaderslrip 8.

-6 per unit

12 per unit Marksmen

+Ι per unit

Free

43 '

  r

   \

4

L A T E A C H A E M E N I D P E R S IA N S

 century BC

This is the army that oppos ed Alexander the Great an d his Macedonians d uring his conq uest of the Persian Empire. It has obvious similarities to th e earlier armies ofXerxes an d Darius I, although it draws upo n the accounts of Alexander's victories for its sources. Tire Persians have good cavalry and mercenary Greeks, bu t the Persian infantry are poo r quality and not likely to witlrstand the advance of tire Macedonians for very long. As already explained in the list for Early Achaemenid Persians, tire spara is tire tall, oblong slrield carried Iry spear-armed and mixed Persian infantry unite. It was often used to form an improvised barrier. Tlris is represented by allowing tire -1 to hit by ranged fire from the front in the same way as for formations o f heavy infantry. No po int cost has been allocated for this and the rule can be ignored for units that do not carry it should players wish. Search Artaxerxes III, Da rius III, The B attle of Grairicus, The B attle of Issus, The B attle of Gaugamela.

Cavalry up to 50%

Dp to half tire units in the army can be cavalry.

Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter of tire units in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Heavy scythed chariots up to 3

The arnry can include up to 3 heavy scythed clrariots.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must c ontain a t least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander. If mercenary Greeks are included these must form the ir own exclusively Greek divisio n!) led by a Greek commander. These may include skirnrishers as noted below.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may coirtain up to half as many skirmishei- units as tlrey contain nons kirm isher infantry.

Later Achaemenid Persian T roop Values M o r al e S t a m i n a

Combat

Unit Clasli

Sustaiired  Sliort Range

Long Range

S av e

5+

25 per unit

6

St ubbor n, Ma rks me n, Sparabara  (see notes)

+4 per unit

5+

6

Levy, Sparabara (see notes)

20 per unit

3

5+

6

Levy, Sparabara (see notes)

+3 per nit

.3

5+

6

Levy

3

3

5+

6 

Levy, Militia

.3/0

0

4

6

E lite, P lr alan x

3

0

6

6

3

3

Levy medium iirf anttywith spears - up to 1 unit

b

6

.3

0

Extra to give medium infantry bows in  addition

6

6

3

.3

Levy medium infantry armed with bows Reduction to make bow-armed  levy militia - up  to half 

5 5

5

Value

Snrbborn, Sparabara (see notes)

6

 Extra to give guard spears and   bows

Points

6

6

Guard medium infantry with spears up to 1 unit

special

5+

21 per unit -3 per unit

35 pe r u ni t

Greek m ercenary lroplite heavy infantry armed w ith long spears

7

Greek mercenary light infantry jreltasts with spears/javelins

5

5

.3

0

6+

6

20 per unit

3

3

2

0

6+

4

-7 per unit

.

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

2

0

4

+1 per unit

2

0

4

+2 per unit

Reduction to  field peltasts  as small units Skirtnishers rvitlr javelins fielded as small units Extra to give skirmishers slings  instead of javelins - up to httlf the skirmisher  units

2

2

2

Extra to give skirmishers bows itrstead ofjavelins  - up to half the skirmisher  ttnits

2

2

2

Reduction to field any skirmisher units as levy regardless of armament Light cavalry armed witlr javelins fielded  as small units Extra to replace light cavalry javelins with bows - up to half 

5

3

2

5

3

2

2

Levy

-2 per unit

6

4

Feigned flight

19 per unit

6+

4

Feigned flight

+2 per unit

Levy

- 4 per unit

Reduction to field any light cavalry units as levy regardless of armament Horse archers fielded as small units

4

2

2

2

6+

4

Parthian slrot

19 per un it

Guard heavy cavalry with spears - up to 1 unit

9

6

3

0

4

6

Stubborn

33 per unit

44

Unit

Combat Claslr  Sustained  Short Rairge

Medium cavalry armed with spears

8

5

Extra to upgrade medium  cavalry to heavy cavalry - up  to half 

9 9

Extra to give wait of heavy cavalry spears and boms - lip to wait

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

0

5+

6

27 per unit

6

0

4+

6

+3 per wait

6

2

4

6 

+2 per wait

Retlwctioa to make above lieavy or mediwm cavalry levy - up  to half 

3

——— As     afcovc — 

0

0

0

Heavy’scythed chariots fielded as units of 1 model

7

3+

4

Commanders

1 commairder m ust be provided per division. All comm anders including general have leadersilip 7.

 Levy

-3 per wait

Scythed chariot

10 per unit

Tree

Extra to upgrade  commanders other than the general to leadership 8 - up to ha (

+ 10 each

Late 4 th century BC

A L E X A N D R I A N M A C E D O N IA N This list represents the army of Alexander the Great, his father Philip, and his immediate successors during the years after his death. It features the pike phalanx - a development of the long-spear phalanx adopted from the Thehans by Philip who had probably witnessed the Thebatrs fighting whilst held hostage there. Tire army is built around its core of Macedonian phalangites and elite Companicm cavalry led by Alexander himself. Tire option to replace cavalry spears/javelins with lances represents the Macedonian xyston in cases where players feel they want to make the distinction between this longer and heavier weapon and the lighter spears carried by opposing horsemen. Where any cavalry are equipped rvith lances, all Agenra/Companion cavalry should be so equipped as this was their fevoured weapon. Note that the rules designation of'medium cavalry' is usual for heavy cavalry types of the classical era - no slight is intended upon the prowess of the Companions! Hypaspists are represented as pike-armed; however, views do vary on this and players wishing to field them with long spears can do so with the same stats and points values. Search Alexander the Great, the Battle of Granicus, The Battle of Issus, The Siege of Tyre, The Battle of Gaugamela, The Battle of the Hydaspes.

Phalangites ready ior action.

Infantry 50%+

At least half the units in tire arnry must be made up of infantry otlrer thair skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 50%

Up to half of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Pike 25%+ of infantry

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infentty units in the army must conrprise pikearm ed phalanx of one type or another.

Artillery' 1 of each type up to 10%

Up to one unit ofeaclr type and no more than one in ten of the number ofuniK in the army in total.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st contain at least 4 units excluding skirmislrers and be led by a com mander. If the Hetairoi Com panion guar d is fielded tlrese must form par t of the general's division.

Skirmislrers per divisiotr 50% ofinfentry

Divisions may, contaiir up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry'.

'.

Alexandrian M acedonian Troop Values Combat

Unit Clash Phalangite heavy infantry armed with pikes

Sustaitred  Short Ratrge 7

Extra to upgrade phalanx  to veteran - up to half 

7

 Extra to upgcaAe pWWnx to Ry > as >v ts -

{ wait on

7

Mercenary hoplite heavy infentry armed with long spears

1

Light infantry peltasts with spears/javelins

5

5

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points value

3/0

0

4

6

Phalanx

32 per unit.

3 /0

0

4+

6

 Drilled,  Phalanx

+3 per wnit

3 /0

0

4+

6

Drilled, Phalanx, Stwbborn, Elite

+9 per wnit

3/ 0

0

4+

6

Elite, Phalanx

35 per unit

-3

0

6+

6

2 /0

0

6+

6

6+

4

-7 per wnit

20 per unit

Extra to field light infantry peltasts as Thracians with double-handed rhomphaia -   1 anitonly

6 

Redaction to field light infantry  peltasts with spears/javelin as smallwnits

3

3

2

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

+1 per wnit

2

2

2

2

0

4

Extra to give skirmishers bows instead  of javelins - 1 wnit only

2

2

2

2

0

4

Extra to wpgrade skirmisher   bowmen to Cretans

2

2

2

2

0

4

Marksmen

+1 per wnit

Companion medium cavalry armed with spears

9

6

3

0

5

6

Drilled, Elite

35 per tmit

 Extra to give Companions lances instead of sp^ rs

9

6 

3 /0

0

5+

6 

Drilled, Elite

+3 per wnit

 Drilled,  Elite, Towgh  fighters, Stubborn

+3 per wnit

Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small uirits Extra to give skirmishers  slings instead  of javelins - Mp to half the skirmisher  anits Extra to upgrade skirmisher  slingers to Rhodians - 1 wnit only

Extrtt to wpgrade Companions to Hetairoi regardless of amament- Mp to 1 wnit

Tough fighters

 Marksmen

+2 per wnit

+1 per wnit

+Ι per wnit

5

3

0

5+

6

Drilled 

30 per unit

δ

5

3 /0

0

5

6

 Drilled 

+3 per wnit

5

.3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

Extra to give Tiessalian light cavalry lances instead  of javelins - wp to 1 wnit

3

2 /0

0

6+

4

+2 per wnit

Extra to give non lanc eamted Tltracian or  Thessalian light cavalry feigned flight

3

2

0

6

4

Thessalian mediu m cavalry armed with spears Extra to give Thessalian mediwm cavalry lances instead of spears Thracian or Thessalian light cavalry armed  with javelins and fielded as small units

8

Feigned fight

+2 per wnit

Light artillery bolt throwers

1

1

2

2

0

3

15 per unit

Medium artillery onagers

1

1

0

.3

0

3

20 per unit

Heavy artillery ballistas

1

1

0

3

0

.3

23 per unit

Commanders  Extra to upgrade general

o Alexander 

1 commander must be provi ded pe r divis ion. All commanders including geireral have leadership 8.

Free

 If the army inclwtles Hetairoi Companion guard  it can be led by Alexander the Great.  Alexander   the Great has leadership 9 and can add wp to a maximnm of 6 attacks in hand-to-hand  combat instead of the wswal 3.

+25

THE WAR OF FIRE The war between the Romans and the Celtiberians was called the ‘War of Fire’, so remarkable was the uninterrupted character of the engagements... Winter alone put a check on the progress of the war and on the continuous character of the battles, so that on the whole if we can conceive a war to be fiery it  p l hi . would be this and no other. Polyhilts E^ptian Middle Kingdom 'Eye Axe' c. 19th Century BC (Perry Collection!

46

-

-

Q I N C H IN A

Late 4

century BC

This is the army with which the iirst emperor Qin Shi Huang united all of China for the first time. It is also the army represented by the famous Terracotta Army found just outside Xi'an in Shaanxi Province. This provides US with a detailed 1:1 model of the actual army to use as the basis for our recon struction - if only other rulers of ancient times had been so considerate! The option to field troops as fonatics is based on an account of Qin infantty as so keen to get to grips that they threw away their armou r and spears. This is more tha n a tad unlikely, btit rather colourful! Wu Hu refers to the five horse-riding barbarian tribes o f the no rth (it means Five Barbarians). The te rm is strictly speaking anachronistic but it's a useful generic description. The Chinese were poor horsemen and the Qin, whose borders lay next to these tribes, were the first to adopt a cavalry arm in response. The ji is a rather unu sual looking spear witli a second hea d set at right angles to the first; it seems unnecessary to burd en tire army with special rules on ac count o f this, so treat it the same as a regular spear or javelin. Crossbowmen are common amongst tire figures in the Terracotta Army and I have descrilred both bowmen and crossbowmen as archers. 1would suggest these relatively light crossbows be treated as bows, but players can apply the crossbow rule if they prefer with no points adjustment. Clrariots are classed as liglrt chariots making them q uite manoeuvrable, lrut comb ine the fighting stats of heavier chariots because of the fourh orse team and larger crew. - this is deliberate! Search Shang Yang, Tire Warring States Period, K ing Zheng, Qitr Shi Huang, The First E mperor of China, Tire Terraco tta Army.

Infantry 50%+

At least half the units in the army mus t be infantry otlrer than skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quar ter of the un its in th e army can be cavalry.

Chariots up to 10%

Up to one in ten units in the army can be chariots.

Divisioirs 4+ units

Divisions must co ntain a t least 4 uirits excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to lralfas nrairy skirmisher units as they coirtain nonsk irmis her infairtry.

Qin China Troop Values Unit

C o m bat Clash

Hea

 infantry arm ed with ji spears and swords

Extra to upgrade heavy infantry  to veteran wp to half in tota l

1

Extra to incorporate archers into rear ranks of heavy infantry  a nd/o r veterans

7

Medium infantry arm ed with ji spears and sword s 6 Extra to incorporate archers into rear ranks

6

Sustained  Short

Points Value

7

3

0

4+

b

Drilled 

29 per unit

7

3

0

4+

6 

Drilled, Elite

+3 per wnit

3

2

4+

6 

As above

+2 per wnit

.3

0

5+

b

Drilletl

26 per unit

3

2

5+

6 

Drilled 

+2 per wnit

6

6 -

As a b o v e

 Reduction to make  impressed troops convicts

-

As abote — 

6

6 

Light infantry with spears air d/or javelins

5

5

Light infantry archers w ith bows or crossbows

4

 Reduction to field light infantry archers as small wnit

Special

Range

Redaction to field either of the above as wndrilled impressed troops

Extra to field mediwm infant} Ulithji  spears and swords only as fanaric - wp to half 

M orale Stam ina Save

Long Range

-3 per wnit

—

3 /0

0

5+

6

3

0

6+

6

 Levy

-3 per wnit

Wild  fighters. Fanatic, Frentied charge

+4 per wnit

20 per unit

4

3

3

6+

6

21 per un it

3

2

2

6+

4

-6 per wnit

Skirmishers arm ed w ith javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers armed with bows or  crossbows and fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per un it

Medium cavalry with spear and /or javelins

8

5

3

c

5+

6

27 per unit

Wu Hu light cavalry armed witlr javelins and bows and fielded as small units

5'

.3

2

2

6

4

Feigned flight

21 per uirit

W u H u h or se arc lrers fie ld ed as sm al l u nits

4

2

2

2

6

4

Parthian shot

19 pertinit

 — 

Qin China T roop Values C om bat

Unit

M orale Stam ina Save

Special

Points Value

Clash

Sustained

Short Range

Long Range

Qin horse archers with bows or crossbows - fielded as small units

4

2

2

2

6+

4

1,7per u nit

Four-horse light chariots with crews armed with crossbows and spears

9

5

3

.3

4-.

6

32 per unit

Commanders

1 commander m ust be provided  per division, All commanders including general h ave leadership 8. The genera can have leadership 9 at the

  Extra to upgrade genera to leadership 9

0

Free +25

owing extra cost.

Late 4th ir d centuries BC

A L E X A N D E R ' S S U CC E SS O RS

This list represents the armies of the Successor States as they developed in the generation following Alexander's death. A t heart they remain similar to the earlier army of conquest. Indeed, th e same warriors continued to fight on u nder new masters, often into old age. Alexander's Successors were quick to make use of native ttoops where they were available, especially in the form of elephants and cavalry. The option to replace cavalry spears/javelins with lances represente the Macedonian xyston in cases where players feel they want to make the distinction  benveen this longer and heavier weapon and lighter spears carried by opposing horsemen. Where any cavalry are equipped with lances, all Agema/Co mpanion cavalry should be so equipped as this was their favoured weapon. Search Perdiccas, Craterus, Antipater, Ptolemy, Lysimachus, Antigonus, Seleucus.

Infentry 50%+

At least half the units in the army must be infentry other than skirmislters.

Cavalry up to 50%

Up to half of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Pike 25%+ of infantry

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infentry units in the army must comprise pike-armed phalanx of one type or another.

Artillery 1 of each type up to 10%

The army can include up to one un it of each type and no more than one in ten of the nu mber o f units in the army in total.

Elephants up to 10%

Up to one in ten units in the army can be elephants.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must con tain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a command«-.

Skirmishers per division 50% o f infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmislrer uniK as they conta in non-skirmisher infentry.

Alexand er’s Successors Tro op Values

Unit

Combat Cltish

Phalangite heavy infantry armed with pikes

Sustained

7

Morale Stamina Save

Short Range

Long Ritnge

3 /0

0

4

6

Extra to upgrade phalan x  to veteran - up to half 

7

7

3 /0

0

4+

Extra to upgrade phalanx to guard   - 1 wnit only

7 

7 

3/ 0

0

4+

6 6

Mercenary hoplite heavy infenwy armed with long spears

7

7

3/ 0

0

4+

6

Light infentry with spears/javelins

5

5

3

0

6

6

Extra to field light  infantry as Thracians with double-handed rhomphai a   - 1 unit only

6

5

2 /0

0

6

6 

Redaction to field   light infantry as small  units

3

3

2

0

6+

4

48

Special

Points Value

Phalanx

32 per unit

Drilled, Phalanx

+3 per wnit

Drilled. Pltalanx, Elite, Stnhhom

+9 per unit 

Elite, Phalanx

35 per unit

20 per unit Towgh f ighter s

+2 per an it -7 per wnit

Unit

Combat Cliislr  Sustained

Skirmishers arm ed with javelins aird fielded as small units

Slrort Range

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

special

Points Value 11 per unit

3

2

2

0

0

2

2

2

2

0

Extra to upgrade skirmisher  slingers to  Rhodians unit only

2

2

2

2

0

4

Extra to give skirmishers bows  instead ofjavelins - up to half 

2

2

2

2

0

4

Extra to upgrade skirmisher bowmen to Cretans

2

2

2

2

0

4

Marksmen

Companion or Agema medium cavalry armed with spears

9

6

.3

0

5+

*

Drilled, Elite

Extra to upgrade  Companion or Agema medium cavalry to heat cavalry.

9

6

3

0

4

6

Drilled, Elite

Extra to give Comjranions or Agema medium or he at, cavalry lances instead of spears

9

6

3 /0

0

As above

6

Drilled, Elite

8

5

3

0

6

Drilled  

8

5

3 /0

0

5+

6

Drilled 

5

.3

2

0

6

4

17 per unit

5

3

2/ 0

0

6+

4

+2 per unit

5

.3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned fligftt

+2 per unit

Elephant with javelin-armed crew

4

.3

1

0

4+

6

Elephant

23 per unit

Light infantry elephant guaTd as small units - up to 1 per elephant

3

.3

2

0

6+

4

Sub-unit of elephant

13 per unit

Light artillery bo lt throwers

1

1

2

2

0

3

15 per unit

Medium artillery oiragers

1

1

0

3

0

3

20 pet- unit

Heavy artillery Irallistas

1

1

3

0

3

23 per unit

Extra to give skirmishers slings instead of javelins - up to half the skirmisher  units

Line medium cavalry armed with spears Extra to give line cavalry lances instead of spears Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units Extra to give light cavalry lances instead ofjavelins   - up to f unit Extra to give non lance-armed light cavalry  feigned  fligltt

Conrmanders Extra to upgrade general to leadership 9 Extra to upgrade other commanders to leadership 9 - up to half 

0

4 + 1 per unit 4

1 commander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Marksmefl

+1 per unit t l per unit + 1per unit

35 per unit + 1 per unit +3 per unit 

30 per unit +3 per unit

Free

The general can have leadership 9 at the following extra cost.

+25

Other commanders  can have leadership  9 at the following extra cost.

+15

r

Lightly equipped peltasts skirmish ahead of the Greek phalanx.

49

l ;

r d/m i d 2nd centuries EC

HE LLE NISTIC GREEK

T h i s l i s t r e p r e s e n ts G r e e k a r m i e s o f th e p e r i o d f o l lo w i n g th e M a c e d o n i a n c o n q u e s t a n d u p u n t i l t h e R o m a n o c c u p a t i o n . T h i s i s a n a r m y o f t r a n s i t i o n t h a t s a w th e h o p l i t e g r a d u a ll y r e p la c e d b y t h u r e o p h o r o i / t h o r a k i t a i a n d e v e n t u al l y b y t h e p i k e -a r m e d p h a l a n x . S o m e G r e e k s t a te s w e r e s lo w e r t o m a k e t h i s t r a n s i t i o n t h a n o t h e r s , b u t t h e h i g h d a y s o f t h e h o p l i t e w e re w e l l a n d t r u l y o v er , a n d s o o n e v e n t h e m o s t h i d e b o u n d w ere to a b a n d o n w h a t h a d b e e n o n e o f t h e m o s t s uc ce ss fu l fi gh ti ng m et h o ds o f a n c ie n t tim es .

Key words.. The Achaean League, The Aetolian League, The Battle of Corinth 146 BC.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of units in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quarter o f the units in the army can be cavalry.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must co ntain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to lralfas many skirmisher units as they contain nonsk irmishe r infairtry.

Hellenistic Greek Tro op Values U nit

Combat

Morale Stamina

Value

Save

,3/0

0

4

6

Phalanx, Drilled 

35 per unit

7

3

0

4+

b

Drilled 

29 per uirit

7

Thorakitai heavy infantry with spears and javelins

Points

Long Rairge

C la sh S u st ai ne d   Short Range Hoplite heavy infantry armed with long spears

special

Thureophoroi medium infantry with spears and javelins

(

6

3

0

5+

b

Drilled 

26 per unit

Phalangite heavy infantry with pikes

 I 

7

3 /0

0

4+

6

Plralanx, Drilled  

35 per unit

Aetolian, Illyrian or similar peltast-type light infantry armed with spears and javelins

5

5

3

0

6+

6

20 per unit

3

2

0

6

4

-7 per nnit

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Extra to give skirmishers slings instead of javelins - up to half the skirmisher wnits

2

2

2

2

0

4

+Ι per nnit

Extra to give skirmishers bows  instead of javelins - up to 1 nnit

2

2

2

2

0

-

2

2

2

0

4

3

0

6 6

Elite

+3 per unit 

 Reduction to field light infantry as small nnits

Skirmislrers armed with javelins and fielded as small units

Extra to upgrade bow men  to Cretans Medium cavalry armed w ith spears and /o r javelins Upgrade medium cavalry to gnard - up to 1 wnit Thracian or Aetolian light cavalry armed with  javelins an d fielded as sm all u nits Upgrade light cavalry to Tarentines - n p to 1 nnit

Light artillery bolt throwers Comma nders

+1permit 

4 Marksmen

+ 1per nnit

8 8

5

3

0

5+ 5+

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight

19 per unit

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight, Elite

+2 per nnit

1

1

2

2

0

3

1 comm ander must be provided per division. All commanders including general lrave leadership 8.

27 per unit

15 per unit Free

"They were the first Greeks, as far as I know, to charge at a run, and the first to dare to look without flinching at Persian dress and the men who wore itj for until that day came, no Greek could hear even the word Herodotus on the Battle of Marathon Persian without terror."

-

’!

r  : 1

 / . \ 

.

«

rd kst centuries BC

;'. C T R I A N G R E E K  

Tnis list covers the easternmost of the Sactrian and Graeco-Indian Sttccessor states in what is today Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Korth West India. Here a Greek aristocracy ruled over a native populatio n for many generations, creating a synthesis of Greek and Indian --jlture s that was to profoundly influeirce art styles and philosophical thinking in the sub-continent. These states fought amongst themselves as well as against their neighbours, and were eventually conquered by invading Scythians and absorbed into the succeeding Indo-Scythian empire. U ght cavalry could be Bactrians, Arachosians or similar native horse. Skirmishers could be G reek colonists or native types. Keywords Diodotus I, Ariana, Greco-Bactrian Kingdoms, Indo-Greek Kingdoms. Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter of units in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Cavalry 25%+

A t least a quarter o f units in the army must be cavalry.

Chariots up to 10%

Up to on e in ten o f the units in the army can be chariots.

Elephants up to 20%

Up to one in five of the units in the army can be eleplrants.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must co ntain a t least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander. If tire guard cavalry unit is fielded it mu st form pa rt of the general's division.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Bactrian G reek Troop Values Combat

Unit

Clash Sustained Short Rairge Phalangite heavy infantry with pikes

7

Peltast or native light infantry armed with spears a nd javelins

Long Rairge

Morale Stamina Save

Special

P ha la nx , D ri ll ed

Points Value

7

3 /0

0

4+

3 5 p er u n it

5

3

0

6

6

20 per uirit

Reduction to field light infantry as small wnits

3

3

2

0

6+

4

- 7 p er l i t

Iirdian medium infairtry with mixed ranks of spears/javelins and bows

6

6

3

3

5+

6

26 per unit

In dia n m ed iu m infantry arm ed w ith bows

5

,5

-3

3

5+

6

24 per unit

Skirmislrers armed with javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per uirit

Skirmishers armed with slings and fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per un it

Skirmislrers armed witlr bows and fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per un it

Greek m edium cavalry armed widr spears and/or javelins

8

5

.3

0

5+

6

27 per unit

Greek /Bactrian heavy cavalry armed with spears and/or javelins

9

(

3

0

4+

6

30 per unit

Upgrade heavy cavalry to guard  cavalry up  to 1 wnit

9

6

3

0

4+

6

Saka heavy cavalry with bows aird koirtos up to 1, un it

9

6

.3

2

4+

6

Saka horse archers fielded as small units

4

2

2

2

6+

4

Indian medium cavalry armed with spears and /or javelins

8

5

3

0

5+

6

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigired fliglrt

19 per unit

Light cavalry armed with javelins and bows fielded as small units

5

3

2

2

6+

4

Feigired flig ht

21 pe r u ni t

4'

3

1

1

4+

6

Elephant

24 per unit

9

5

3

3

3+

6

Elephant w ith crew armed w ith spears,  javelins an d b ows Heavy chariots carrying crews with mixed arms

1 commande r must be provided pe r division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Commanders

51 -

>

 Elite

+3 per unit  35 per unit

Parthian shot

19 p er u nit 27 per unit

33 per unit Free

|

]  century BG

CARTHAGINIAN

This is the army that gave the Romans such a terrible fright and forever established the name of Hannibal as one of the greatest generals of all time. It is a force that combines many different types of troops including allies and mercenaries and, of course, elephants. Hannibal's army terrorised Italy, and it was only the threat of fresh Roman armies back home in Africa that finally forced the wily commander to return to defend Carthage itself. 1have not placed any restriction on which troops can be formed together into divisions, although historically Gauls, Spaniards and Italians fought in their own native contingents. Players will no doubt wish to organise their forces along these lines where practical, but to impose a restriction would make it very difficult to put together average-sized armies. Note that light cavalry can be Liby-phoenician, Gallic, Spanish, Numidians or Italians. Skirmishers are likely to be any of these. Search The Pu nic Wars, Hann ibal, the Battles of Trebia, Trasimene, C annae and Zama, The Mercenary War, Battle of the Saw.

Infantry 66%+

At least two thirds of units in the army must be infantry excluding skirmishers.

Libyan spearmen up to 25% of infontry

Up to one in four of the non-skirmishing infantry units cair be Libyan spearmeir.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quar ter of the un its in th e army can be cavalry.

Light cavalry 50%+ o f cavalry

At least half of the cavalry units in the arnry must be light cavalry.

Elephants up to 10%

Up to one in ten units in the army can be elephants.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st contaiir at least 4 unite excluditrg skirmishers and must be led by a com mander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to ha lf as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

I

Carthag inian Troop Values Combat

Unit

Libyan heavy infontry with long spears

Clijsh

Sustained

Short Range

Long Range

7

7

.3/0

0

7

3 /0

0

Extra to upgrade Libyan heavy infantry with long spears to veterans

I

5+

s

Wild fighters

+7  per  wnit

5+

6

2-3 per unit

0

5+

6

28 per unit

.3

0

5+

6

23 per unit

3

2

0

0

4

12 per u nit

5

5

.3

0

6+

3

2

2

0

0

6 4

2

2

2

2

0

4

2

2

2

2

0

4

2

2

2

2

0

4

+ 1per wnit

6

3

2

0

5+

4

19 per un it

6

3

2

0

5+

0

Etra to field medium infantry warbands as large wnits

11

8 

3

0

6

6

3

0

9

s

2

6

6

Spanish caetrati light infontry with javelins and fielded as small units

Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small units Etra to give skirmishers slings instead  of javelins - up to half the skirmisher wnits Extrtt to upgrade skirmisher slingers to Spanish Balearic - up to 1 wnit E t r a to give skirmishers bows instead  of javelins as Nwmidians - up to 1 wnit Liby-Phoenician medium cavalry fielded  as small units E tr a to make cavalry gward - wp to I wnit

+7  per  wnit

28 per u nit

2

Ligurian light infantry arme d witlr javelins

Elite. Plralanx, Towghfighters W ild fighters

6

Spanish scutarii medium infantry armed with pila

29 per unit

(

6

Points Value

6

9

Celtiberian medium infontry warband  armed with pila

4+ 4+

Special

5+

Gallic medium infantry warband  armed with swords and javelins

Italian allied medium infantry armed with spears or javelins

Morale Stamina Save

52

4

20 per unit 11 per unit + 1per wnit Marksmen

Elite

+ 1 per wnit

+2 per wnit

Unit

Combat Clash Sustained Slrort Range

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units Extra to upgrade  light cavalry to  Numidians Gallic/Spa nish medium cavalry allies

Commanders Extra to upgrade  general to leadership 9

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value 17 per unit

5

3

2

0

6+

4

5

3

2

0

6+

4

8

5

3

0

5

6

5

3

0

5+

6

Tough fighters

+1 per unit 

1

0

4+

6

Elephant

23 per unit

Extra to upgrade  cavalp, allies to tough fighters - up to 1 unit  Elephant witlr javelin-armed crew

Long Range

4

.3

Feigned flight

+2  per  wnit 27 per unit

1 command er must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Free

The general can have leadership 9 at the following extra cost.

+25

The strength ofRome is founded on her ancient customs as much as on the strength o fher sons Quintus Ennius

D T? !

Ö1 - IC Ä N R O M E

?rd kii d centuries BC

This is the classic army of Rome's wars against Carthage, the Macedonians and Seleucids. It is not dissimilar to the earlier Camillan army,  but is replete with allies and mercenaries a nd overall more varied and interesting. It features the thr ee types of Roman infantry: principes, hastati and triariiwlro would fight in three lines one behind the other. These troops can be Romans or Latin allies. During the earliest part of the Punic Wars hastati could still be fielded with long spears instead of pila, but I leave it to players to make tlris adjustmen t if they feel so inclined. Similarly, the transition of the principes armament from long spears to pila can be accommodated within this list if players wish - it was part of a gradual evolution of Roman arms and difficult to pin down to any exact time. Light cavalry can be Italian, Gallic, Spanish, Illlyrian, Greek or Numidians. Skirmishers can be any of these. The classic Roman threeJine fighting formation with hastati at the front, principes behind, and triarii at tire rear is difficult to impose upoir players who often want to lead with their 'best' troops namely the triarii. To encourage players to use Iristorical tactics we rule that hastati units don't count for purposes of the division becoming  broken. It tlrerefore makes sense to use them for the initial fighting. Triarii, on the other hand, have a support value of 3, being a bonus ed value for a small unit. As mentioned in the Camillan list W'e would not quibble with players who prefer to deploy their units as standard sized rather than small if that is their preference, the Marian list has suitable stats for such units. Velites can be represented as skirmishers or liglrt infantry depending upon their experience and effectiveness - suitable stats are included for both as well as other skirmishing infantry. The Greeks, Ligurians, Illyrians and elephants feature in Rome's subsequent wars against Hellenistic armies and are included to represent those forces. Search: The Punic Wars, Scipio Africanus, The Battle of Zama, The Macedonian War, Tire Battle of Pydna, Tire Battle of Magiresia, Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC).

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters o f units in the army must be infairtry other th an skirmishers.

Hastati, priircipes and ttiarii 50% infantry

Together lrastati, principes and triarii must make up at least half the u nits o f ηοη-skirmish infantry. Hastati and principes un its mus t be bough t in pairs - 1 hastati + 1 principes. Triarii can be incltrded in tire ratio of 1 tinit of triarii for every 2 pairs of hastat i/prin cipe s ie 2 hastati: 2 principes: 1 triarii.

Cavalry up to 25 %

Up to a quarter o f the units in the army can be cavalry.

Light Cavalry' at least 50% of cavalry

At least half of the cavalry units in tire army must be liglrt cavalry.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions-.must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commairder. Allied infantry must be fielded in divisions wholly composed ,f native troops i.e all Gauls, all Spanish, all Italians, all Numidiairs, all Illyrians, etc. These native divisions can include skirmishers as noted below.

Skirmislrers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

53 '

....... - .

-

-

P

f ?

,

.

Republican Roman Troop Values

Clasli

H as tati or principes heavy Infantry arm ed with pila and fielded as small units

I f 

5

Lxmg Range

Special

Points Value

2

0

4-

4

Drilled 

23 per unit

5

2

0

4+

4

Drilled, Tough fighters

.1 per anit

5

5

2 /0

0

4+

4

Drilled 

23 peruirit

Extra to make principes with  long spears stwiljom

5

5

2 /0

0

4

4

Drilled, Stubborn

+2 per anit

Redaction to make  a pair of hastati/principes in the same division let.

.5

5

2 /0

0

4

4

Levy

-8 per pair 

Triarii heavy infantry arm ed with long spears and fielded as small units

5

5

3/ 0

0

4+

4

Drilled, Elite, Stubborn

28 per unit

5

5

3 /0

0

4+

4

 Drilled,  Elite, Stubborn, Valiant 

+2 per anit

Extra to maice triarii valiant

Italian allied medium infantry armed  with spears an d/o r Javelins

6

>

3

0

5

(

Redaction to make  allied Italians lei.

6

6

3

0

5+

6

Levy

-3 per anit

2

0

5+

6

W ild fighters

28 per un it

Wild fighters

+7 per anit

Gallic or Celtiberian medium infontry warband armed witlr swords and javelins

9

6

2.3 per unit

11

8

3

0

5+

8

(

6

.3

0

5+

6

26 per unit

Illyrian, Greek or Ligurian liglrt infantry with javelins 5

5

3

0

6+

6

20 per unit

3

3

2

0

6+

4

13 per un it

3

2

0

6+

4

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

+ 1 per anit

2

2

2

2

0

4

2

2

2

2

0

4

2

2

2

2

0

4

-3

2

0

5+

4

19 per unit

17 per unit

Extra to field mediam infantry warbands as large anits Spanish scutarii medium infentry armed with pila

Velites or S panish caetrati liglrt infantry armed  with javelins and fielded as small unite Extra to Mp^ade velites to tough fighters Skirmishers armed with javelins and  fielded as small units Extra to give skirmishers slings instead of javelins - ap to half the skirmisher  anits Extra to upgrade slingers to Spanish  Balearic - ap to 1 anit Extrtt to give skirmishers  boivs instead ofjavelins as Numidians or Cretan Greeks - up to 1 anit

..

Sustained Slrort Range 5

Extra to make hastati tough fighters Principes heavy infantry armed with long spears and fielded as small units

Morale Stamina Save

Combat

Unit

Extra to upgrade  Cretan bowarmed skirmishers to marksmen - ap to 1 anit Romans, Latins or allied Italian medium cavalry fielded as small units

Tough fighters

Marksmen

Marksmen

5

3

2

0

6+

4

» Extra to upgrade light cavalry to  Numidians

5

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight

Extra to upgrade light cavalry to Tarentines

5

3 3

2

0

0+

4

Elite, Stubborn

8

5

5+

5

3 3

0

8

0

5+

6 6

Tough fighters

Extra to upgrade allied mediam caval. ao tough fighters - ap to 1 anit Commanders Extra to upgrade general to leadership 9

+1 per anit

*1 per unit

Light cavalry armed with javelins and  fielded as small units

Allied Gallic/Spanislr m edium cavalry

+1 point per unit

+ lpCTunit

2 per anit +3 per anit 27 per unit + 1 per anit

1 commander must be prov ided per divisio n. All comm anders including general have leaderslrip 8.

Free

The general can have leadership  9 at tile following extra cost.

+25

O derlnt dum metuant (L et them hate - so long as they fe a r." The poet Lucius Accius wrote these words which, accordingto Suetonius, were muchquoted by the Emperor Cahguia

; ;

;

:

:

:

:

;

;

:

;

;

:

'

;;

;

;

; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;

;

:

:

;

; ;

-

\ ;. /

.

.

>; ]: ;

Jrd -ist centuries BC

:.A L A T ii

: e Gallic hordes that invaded Greece and Anatolia in the 3rd century BC are generally known as Galatians. They invaded through the 3 Jkans via Pannonia and ravaged Greece, defeating an opposing army at Thermopylae in 279 BC after a hard fought battle during which Galatians came upon the rear of their enemy by means of a mountain pass. Following this the barbarians, under their mighty chieftain Erennus, sacked Delphi - an otitrage that caused forces from all over Greece to mass against them. Brennus and his armies were eventually criven out. The barbarians fell to drunken feasting and soon fell out amongst themselves especially after the death of Brennus wlro took -- own life either by an excess of drink, poison or by stabbing himself. ^ e Galatians were par t of a long-term movement of tribes easovard along the soutlr bank of tire Danube through Pannonia and Illyria and into the Balkans. Thessalians and Paeonians also took part in the Galatian invasion of Greece, whilst Cappadocians participated in later wars in Asia Minor. The Galatians were defeated by the Seleucids and settled in the Anatolian highlands. Galatia itself was eventually absorbed into tire Roman Empire at which time the Galatians fielded imitation Roman-Style legionaries. See the Pontic list for stats for diese. By this late date the Galatians had settled dowir a bit though, so no fenatics or chariots can be included alongside imitation legions.  Note that small units of light cavalry can also include Galatians and Paeonians. Search Leonnorius, B rennus, Tire Gallic Invasion of The Balkans, The Battle of Thermopylae 279 BC, The Galatian War, Deiotarus.

Cavalry and light chariots up to 25%

Up to a qu arter of the units in the army can be cavalry or liglrt clrariote.

Infantry 75%+

At least three qua rters of the units in th e army must be infentry other than skirmishers.

Warbands 50%+ ofinfentry

At least half the non-skirmisher infantry units in th e army must be m edium infenwy warbands of one kind or other.

H ea ^ scythed chariot - up to 1

The army can include up to one heavy scythed clrariot.

Divisioirs 4+ units

Divisions mus t contain at least 4 unite excluding skirmishers an d must be led by a comm ander. If general's guard is fielded these m ust form p art o f the general's division.

Skirmishers per division 50% o f infentry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they con tain non-skirmisher infantry.

Galatian Troop Values C om bat

Unit

C la sl r S us ta ir re d S lr or t Rairge

long Rairge

M orale Stam ina Save

Special

Points Value

9

6

2

11

8 

3

0

9

6 

2

0

General’s guard medium infantry warband - up to 1 unit

9

6

2

0

5+

Cappadocian or Paeonian light infantry with javelins

5

.

.

0

6+

3

3

2

0

6

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

.3

2

2

0

 Nob le Ga lat ian me diu m cavalry a rme d w ith spears/javelins - up to 1 unit

8

5

3

0

+

Thessalian or Cappa docian liglrt cavalry

7

5

-3

0

5

3

2

0

6+ 6+

4

-8 per unit

Galatian liglrt clrariots - up to 1 uirit

6

5

4

0

4+

6

27 per unit

Galatiatr heavy scythed chariot fielded as a unit o f 1 nrodel

6..

0

0

4+

4

10 per unit

Commanders

1 comm ander mus t be provided per division. All command ers including geireral have leadership 8.

Medium infantry warband arnred with swords and Javelins  Extra to field warbands  as large units

Extra to field a standard-sised

0

warband   as naked fanatics - up to 1 unit

Reduction to field Cappadocian or Paeonian light infa nt^ as smallunits

Reduction to field light cavalry as small unite

5 5

5+

6

Wild fighters

28 per unit

8

Wild fighters

+7 per unit

Ö

Wild figfiters. Fanatic, Frenzied   charge

+4 per unit

Touglr figlrters, Stulrborn, Valiairt

31 per uirit

6

20 per unit -7 per unit

4 4 6

11 per unit Touglr fighters

28 per unit 25 per unit

Free

3rd ce ntu ry B C f l c en tury A D

PARTHIANS

The Parthians were a nomadic Scythian tribe who took over the eastern Satrapies of the old Achaemenid empire once the Greek hold on the region started to weaken. Over the years their power grew until they came to supplant the Seleucids in all but their western enclave of Syria. They came into conflict with Rome many times, and dealt the Romans one of their most infamous defeats at Carrhae in 53 BC. Roman armies were to invade Parthia many times over the following nvo hundred years, and each time they were beaten back, often most  bloodily. The ch ief bone o f cont enti on between the rival empires was the kin gdom o f Armenia - sometimes pa rt of the Roman sphere o f influence and sometimes under Parthian control. Parthian armies are fomously based upon horse archers backed-up by very heavily armoured cataphract cavalry. Tire Parthians did have infantry - althotigh they were not present at the famous victory of Carrhae leading many people to imagine this was typical. Parthian infantry were levies from tire cities of Mesopotamia and the Greek colonies left behind  by Alexander and were of generally rather poo r quality. The camel baggage has been in cluded to repr esent the animals used to carry extra arrows for the horse archers as at the lrattle of Carrlrae. If the camel baggage is included all horse arclrer units couirt as Marksmen at an extra cost of + 1 point per unit. Search Arsacids, Surena. Ctesipho n, Tire Battle of Carrhae 53 BC, B attle of Hormizdegan 224 AD.

Cavalry 75 / +

At least three quarters of the u nits in the army m ust be cavalry.

Horse archers 75%+ of cavalry

At least three quarters of the cavalry units in tire army m tist be lrorse archers.

Infentry up to 25%

Up to a qu arter of the units in tire arnry can be infantry other tha n skirmishers.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must co ntain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander. If the general's houselrold is fielded these must form part of tire general's division.

Skirmishers per division 50% o f infontry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmislrer infanwy.

Parth ian Troo p Values Morale Stamina Save

Combat

Unit Clash

Sustained

Slrort Range

Long Range

9

h

3 /0

0

Upgrade cataphract cavalry to general's household  - up  to I wnit

9

6

3 /0

Horse archers fielded as small units

1

2

Light cavalry armed with javelins fielded as small units

5

Levy medium infantry armed with spears

Special

Points Value

4+

6

0

4+

6

Stubborn

+3 per unit 

2

2

6+

4

Parthian shot

19 per uni t

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight

19 per un it

6

6

.3

0

5+

6

Levy

20 per unit

Levy medium infentry archers

5

5

3

.3

5

6

Le '-y

21 per unit

Light infantry archers

4

4 3

3 2

,3

0

6

20 per unit

2

0

4

-6 per unit 

2

0

0

4

11 per uni t

Cataphr act cavalry armed rvith kontos

Redaction to  field   light infantry archers as small wnits Skirmishers witlr javelins fielded as small units

3

2

Camel baggage fielded as tiny unit - up to 1 unit

1

1

Commanders

1 comm ander mu st be pros'i ded per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8

1

1

0

1

34 per unit

See notes

10 per unit and+1 point per horse arclrer uirit Free

.Give me a safe commander - not a rash one " Augustus Caesar according to Suetonius

56

-

..

f 

 NUM DIA NS

 century B O ist century A Ö

The ancient historian Sallust describes the battles of the Romans and  Numidians in great detail. He paints a picture of a mixed rabble with litt le in the way of formal order or organisation. There is little reason to believe matters were much different during any of Rome's campaigns against the rebellious  Numidians. 1have therefore chosen to represent the majority of troops as light infantry warbands. These can be represented with a mix of weapons that might include a few bowmen amongst the general mass. Skirmishers are also likely to  be mixed, and we'd suggest counting range as for slingers for these mixed units. Arguably, the Nunaidians were tlae best light cavalry of the classical world, and we have included tipgrades to emphasis this, if desired. The Numidians were Berbers. In skin colour and general appearance they would be the same as their descendants in m odern day Morocco, Algeria and Libya. Search Syphax, Jugurthine War, Juba of Numidia, Tacfarinas, Berbers, Mauretania.

Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter of units i,n the army must be infantry other tlran skirmishers.

Medium/heavy infantry up to 25% of iirfantry

Up to a quarter of the non-skirmishing infantry units in tire army carr lie medium or heavy infantry.

Cavalry up to 50%

Up to ha lf of the units in tire army can be cavalry.

Elephants up to 20%

Up 'to one in five units in the army can lie elephants.

Divisiotrs 4+ units

Divisions must c ontain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander. Guard cavalry must fight as part of the general’s division.

Skirmishers per division 100% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

 Num idian T roo p Values Unit

Comb at

Morale Stamina Save

Points Value

Special

Clash Sustained Short Range

l^n g Range

6 7

6 7

0

5+

3

0

4+

5

5

2

2

6+

6

Wild fighters

24 per unit

7

7

3

3

6+

8 

Wild fighters

+8 per unit

Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small unite

3

2

1

0

0

4

Skimrishers with slings or bows and fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small unite

5

-3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned fliglrt

19 per unit

.5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight,  Elite, Tough fighters

+3 per unit

Gallic/Spanish guard medium cavalry - up to 1 unit

8

5

3

0

5+

Tough figlrters

28 per unit

Elephants with javelin-armed crews

4

3

1

Elephant

21 per uni t

Commanders

1 commande r must be p rovided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8

Medium infantry with spears and shields Extra to upgrade all medium infantry  to Roman trained heavy infantry  - note this must be either all or none Uglrt infantry warband witlr mixed arms Extra to field   fight infantry warbands as Jarge units

Extra to field light cavalry as elite and tough fighters

'3

0

23 per unit

6

+3  per  unit

11 per unit

12 per unit

4

+

6

Free

'I

57 '

.

i

 jrd century SC-mid

MEROITIC KUSHITE

4

century AD

The land ofMeroe lay to the south of Egypt in the region formerly known as Kush or Nubia. A remnant of Egyptian civilisation endured in this remote spot for many years once Egypt had follen to the Greeks. The Romans describe the Meroitic armies that invaded southern Egypt as having the character of armed mobs rather than trained troops. These are represented by light infantry warbands. Light infantry could be native Kushites or nomad raiders such as Blemmye or Nobades subsumed into a Meroitic force. Blemmye were probably the ancestors of the Sudanese Beja or Hadendowa that so troubled the British two millennia later. A large proportion of Meroitic warriors would carry a bow. The Kushites probably supplied elephants to the Ptolemies, but whether they used them in war themselves is a matter of conjecture. I have taken the cheerful option of including them in the list and leave it to players to decide. Searclr: Queen Candice Amanirenas, Meroe, Gaius Petronius.

Infantry 50%+

At least half the units in tlte army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a q uarter o f the units in the army can be cavalry.

Elephants up to 10%

Up ro one in ten units in tire arnry can be elephants.

Divisions 4+. units

Divisions must c ontain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers aird mus t be led by a commander. Guar d m ust beloirg to the general’s division.

Skirmishers per division 50% o f infaittry

Divisioirs may conrain up to half as m any skirmisher units as they coir tain nonskirm islrer infentry..

Meroitic Kushite T roop Values

Combat

Unit

Claslr  Sustaiired

Slrort Range

1-ong Range

Special

Points Value

6

T ou glr fig lrters

2 4 p er u n it

6

Marksmen

+3 pe rm it 

6

Wild fighters. Levy

21 per unit

3

6 6+

8 

Wild fighters.  Levy

+7 per unit

5

Medium infantry bodyguard with spears aird/or javelins - up to 1 unit

6

6

3

0

Extra to replace spear-armed guar d  with medium infantry bow-armed guard 

6

6

3

3

Light infantry warband witlr mixed arnrs

5

5

2 3

2

Extra to field warbands as large units

Morale Stamina Save

+

Liglrt infantry archers

4

4

3

3

0

6

20 per unit

Light infantry with spears a nd /or javelins

5

5

3

0

6+

6

20 pCr unit

Skirmishers arm ed with javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers witlr bows and fielded as snrall unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Kushite or N obadian liglrt cavalry armed witlr spears and /or javelins

7

5

.3

.

6

6

Feigned flight

28 pe r u nit

Kushite or No badian light ctrvalry armed with  javelins an d field ed as sm all unit s

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight

19 per unit

 No ba dia n cam el-m oun ted light c avalry w ith  javeliirs - field ed as sm all un its

4

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigired flight

18 per un it

Elepha nt with javelin aird bow-armed crew

4

3

1

4-

6

Elephairt

24 per unit

Commanders

1 comman der mu st be provided per division. The general has leadership o f 8. Oth er com irranders have leaderslrip 7.

"I had rather excel in the knoMedge of what is excellent, than in the extent of my power and dominion." Alexander the Great

Free

H

-

f 

?rd  ist centuries s c

SPANISH

Rome's wars in Spain lasted throughout the period of the Punic Wars and beyond. The eastern part of Spain became the chief region of conflict between the growing powers of Carthage and the Roman Republic. The Carthaginians began to expand their influence from their coastal colonies northwards during the later 3rd Century BC. The Carthaginians and Romans eventually settled upon areas of mutual influence divided by the Ebro river, each supporting its allied cities and tribes within its own client territories. However, due to tire ambitions o f the C arthaginian Barca family this situation was bound not to last for long. In 219 BC a dispute broke otit between the city of Saguntum and its neighbours who were part of the Punic protectorate. The Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca came to tire rescue of Carthage's allies and attacked Saguntum which was itself allied to Rome. Tire Romans reacted with predictable outrage and demanded Hannibal Ire handed over to Rome for breaking their treaty. Und erstandably the Carthaginian oligarchy refused to surrender their general and the two great nations were drawn into the Second Punic War. Spain was n ot entirely subdued u ntil the defeat of the C antabrians lry Augustus. As with so many of Rome's enemies, we have tire Romans themselves to thank for descriptions ofttoops and fighting methods to provide the basis for a list. The names given, scutarii and caewati, will tlrerefore be femiliar to airyone wlro has read their Livy. Admittedly, they would not have meant much to the native Spaniards though. The Ronrans obviously thought reasonably highly of Spanish skill at arms. The Ronran pilum has its parallel in heavy javelins used by tire Spanish, including a version supposedly made entirely of iron. The Roirran military sword of the imperial era is known as the 'Spanish' sword - tire gladius hispaniensis. Tire north and centre of Spain was occupied by Celtic tribes called Celtiberians. These are represented in tire list as warbands along the same lines as Gauls and other Celts, and note tlrat there is a separate list covering the Celtilrerians. Search Tire Punic Wars, The Num antine War, Lusitania, the Cantabrian War.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the units in the arnry must be infantry otlrer than skirmishers.

Scutarii at least 25% o f infantry units

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infantry units iir the army must be setitarii.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units iir the arnry can be cavalry.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must conta in at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and irrust be led by a command er. If the general's guard is fielded it m ust form p art o f the geireral's division.

Skirmislrers per division 50% of infeirtry

Divisions may contain up to lralf as many skirmisher units as tlrey conta in non-skirmislrer infantry.

Spanish Troop Values Combat

Uirit C la sh

Scutarii medium infantry armed with throwing spears Extra to give scutarii heavy javelins counting as pila

6

S ust ain ed

6

Range

3

0

3

6 

Extra to upgrade sewtarii to general’s guard - up to 1 unit

Long

S ho rt Range

Morale Stamina 'Save

Special

Points Value

5+

6

23 per unit

5+

6

+3 per unit 

7 

3

0

5*

6

Caetrati light infan try with Javelins and fielded as small units

3

-3

2

0

0

4

Celtiberian meditim infantry warbands armed with sword and javelins

8

6

2

0

.5.

6

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

Fanatic, Tough fighters

+4 per  unit

12 per unit

W ild fighters

27 pe r u nit

11 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

2

2

2

2

0

4

 Marksmen

+1 per unit 

Medium cavalry armed with spears/javelins

8

5

3

0

5+

6

T oug h fighters

28 pe r u ni t

Caetrati light infentry fielded as small units - up to 1 per medium cavalry unit

3

3

2

0

0

4

Sub-unit o f cavalry

12 per unit

..5

3

2

0

6+

4

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small units Etra to make singers marksmen

Light cavalry arnred with javelins and fielded as small units Commanders

1 comm ander mu st be provided  pe r d ivisi on. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

59

12 per un it

17 per unit

Free

Mid ir c k n d centuries BC

L A T E  MAC ED ONIAN.

This list represents the Macedonian successors to Alexander the Great. They were known as the Antigonids, being the descendants of Antigonus Monoptltalmus (the One-Eyed). The Macedonians fought a series of wars against the Romans which th e Romans eventually won  by dint o f their greater numb ers an d limitless resources rath er tha n the ir military superiority. The Battle of Pydna in 167 BC resulted in the defeat of tire Macedonians and paved the way for Roman expansion into the Hellenistic world. Search: The Antigonids, B attle of Pydna, Battle of Cynoscephalae.

Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter o f tire units in tire army must be infantry other tlratr skirmishers.

Pike 25%+ of infantry

At least a quarter o f the non skirm isher irrfairtry units in the army must be pike-armed phalanx of one type or another.

Cavalry 25%

At least a quarter o f the units in the army must Ire cavalry.

Artillery up to 1

Up to one unit of artillery can Ire iircluded iir tire army.

Divisions 4  units

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led Iry a conrnrander.

Skirmishers per division 50%. of infantry

Divisions may contain ujr to ltitlf as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Tate Macedonian Tro op Values U nit

Combat Clash

Phalarrgite heavy infantry armed with pikes

Sustained

7

Sho rt Rarrge

Long Range

3/ 0

0

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Phalanx

32 per unit

Phalanx, Drilled 

+3 per unit

Phalanx, Drilled, Elite

+6 per nnit

4

Extra to upgrade phalangites to veteran - lip to half 

7

3 /0

0

4+

E tta to upgrade phalangites to guar  - Mp to 1 nnit 7

7

3 /0

0

4.

6 

5

.3

0

6+

6

20 per unit

3

2

0

6+

4

- 7 per Mnit

6+

6

Thureo phoroi, Illyrian or Thracian liglrt infantry with spears an d/ or javelins

5

Reduction to field Thracians or  Illyrians with javelins as small wnits

Tottgh fighter 

+2 per nnit

Extra to field standard size Thracians with double-handed  rhompfiaia - Mp to I u nit

6

5

2/ 0

0

Extra to upgrade Thureophoroi  to Thorakitai medium infantry

6

6 

3

0

Galatian medium infantry warband with swords and javelins - up to 1 unit

9

>

2

0

Extra to field Galatians as nahed  fanatics

9

6

2

0

Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

Cretan skirmishers with bows fielded as a small unit - up to 1 un it

2

2

2

2

0

4

Marksmen

13 per unit

Macedonian, Thracian or Thessalian medium cavillry armed with spears an d/o r javelins

8

5

-3

0

6

Drilled  

30 per unit

Extrtt to upgrade Macedonian  cavalry to guard - Mp to 1 Mnit

9

6

3

0

6

Drilled, Elite

Greek m edium cavalry armed with spears and/or javelins

8

5

3

0

Galatian m edium cavalry armed with spears an d/o r javelins - up to 1 unit

8

3

0

5+

Greek liglrt cavillry armed with javelins and fielded as small units

5

.3

2

0

6.

4

Extra to field Greek light cavalry as  Illyrians

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Medium artillery bolt thrower - up to 1 unit

1

1

0

3

0

3

Commanders

1 commairder mu st be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8

60

+ 5.

5+

+

Wild fighters

28 per unit

Wild fighters,  Fanatic, Frenzied charge

+4 per Mnit

6

+

+

+3 per unit 

6

11 per unit

+5 p er Mnit

27 per unit

6

Touglr fighters

28 per unit

17 per unit  

Feigned  flight

.2 per Mnit 20 per unit Free

Mid  rd k n d centuries

SELEUCID

Seleucus emerged from rhe civil wars tha t followed Alexander the Gre at's death as the master o f much of the old Persian empire. The dynasty that he founded is known as the Seleucid dynasty, and the Seleucid empire lasted in some form or other until the annexation of Syria by the Romans. This list represents the armies of the empire before the rot set in, when the Seleucids could still give the Romans a good run for their money and contend for the hegemony of the Hellenistic East. Although originally based upon Babylonia, the centre of the Seleucid empire gradually shifted to Syria and its capital of Antioch - just one of many cities so-named by Seleucus to honour his father Antiochus, who was a general of Alexander’s father Philip. At its height the Seleucid Empire stretched as far east as India, to Sogdia in tire nortlr east, to the borders of Egypt in the south and westward as far as the Aegean. Search Antiochus 111, The Battle of Ispus (301 BC), The Syrian Wars, Tire Battle of Raphia, The Roman-Syrian War, The Battle of Magnesia.

Infantry 25 %

At least a quarter of the un its in the army must be infantry otlrer than skirmislrers.

Pike 25%+ of infantry

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infantry units in the army must be pike-armed phalanx of one type or another.

Cavalry 25%+

At least a quarte r of the units in tire army must be cavalry.

Artillery'up to 3

Up to one un it of each type can be included and no more than one iir ten of the num ber of tinite in the arnry in total.

H ea vy s cy th ed clr ar io ts u p to 3

T ire ar my c a n i nc lu de up to 3 heavy, s cy th ed ch ar io ts .

Elephants up to 10%

Up to oire in ten units in the army? can be elephants.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions m ust coirtaiir at least 4 units excluding skirmislrers an d m ust be led by a comm ander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of hrfantry

Divisions may con tain up to half as many skirmisher units as they, contain non-skirmislrer infentry.

Seleucid Troop Values U nit

Combat Clash

Plralangite heavy' infantry armed with pikes Extra to upgrade phalangite  to veteran - up to half 

7 7

Extra to upgrade phalangite  to guard - up to 1 unit  1

Sustained  Short Rairge 7

7 7

3/0 3 /0 3 /0

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

0 0 0

6 6 6

4

4+ 4+

Points Value

special

Phalanx

32 per unit

Phalanx, Drilled 

+3 per-unit

Phalanx,  Drilled,

+9 per- unit

Elite, Stubborn

5 6

5 5

3

0

2 /0

3

3

Thorakitai medium infantry with spears and javelins

<>

Cappoda cian liglrt infantry with javelins fielded as small units Galatian m edium infantry warband with swords and javelins - ujr to 1 unit

0

6+ 6+

6 6

2

0

6+

4

-7 per unit

6

3

0

5+

0

23 per unit

3

3

2

0

6+

4

13 per unit

9

6

2

0

5+

6

W ild fighters

28 per u nit

Extra to field Galatian warband  as naked fanatics

9

6

2

0

5+

6

Wild fighters. Fanatic, Frengied charge

+4 per unit

Skirmishers armed witlr javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per un it

Extra to give skirmishers slings instead  of javelins - up  to half 

2

2

2

2

0

4

+Ι per unit

Extra to give skirmishers bows instead of javelins - up   to Iralf 

2"

2

2

2

0

4

+1 per unit 

2

2

2

2

0

4

Light infantry peltasts w ith spears/javelins Extra to field light infantry as Thracians with double-handed rhomphaia - up to 1 wnit  Reduction to field javelin-armed 

20 per uirit Tough fighter

+2 per-unit

 peltasts as small Mnit

Extra to upgrade skirmisher bowmen to Cretans  Reduction to make any above skirmishers

Mariesmen

+1 per unit 

Levy

-2 per unit

other than Cretans levy - up to half 

61 ϋ

ϋ

!1

1

1

-

' 

Seleucid Troop Values Combat

Unit C la sli Agema heavy cavalry armed with spears

Line medium cavalry armed with spears Extra to upgrade Line cavalry  to heavy cavalry Extra to upgrade line  cavalry to cataphracts

Long R an ge

Morale Stamina Save

>

3

0

6 

3

0

4+ 4+

3/0

0

4+

9

 Extra to upgrade Agema to cataphracts  Extra to give any of  the above Agema Iwntos

S u st ai ne d   Short Ratrge

9

(

8 9 9

5

3

0

5+

6 

3

0

4+

b

5

0

4+

-

Extra to give any of the above kontos

special

Points Value

6 6 6

D rilled, Elite

36 per u nit

Drilled, Elite

+ Ι per unit

 Drilled,  Elite

+3 perm it

6 6 6

Drilled 

30 per unit

 bil led 

+3 per wnit +4 per wnit

 Drilled 

As above —

Drilled

 

+3 per wnit

3

0

5+

6 

Levy'

24 per unit

3

0

5+

6

Touglr fighters

28 per unit

.3

2

0

6+

4

5

3

2

0

6 

.i

Feigned  flight

2 per wnit

Horse archers f .elded as a small unit - u p to l tinit

4

2

2

2

6+

4

Parthian shot

19 per unit

Elephants with mixed armed crews

4

3

1

1

4

6

Elephant

24 per unit

Light infe ntry e le ph an t g uard w ith slings and bows (range as slings) fielded as small units - up to 1. per elephant

3

3

2

2

0

.

S u b u n i t o f e l ep h an t

14 pe r un i t

3

3

2

0

0

4

SwWnit of elephant

-2 per wnit

0

0

3

4

Scytlred clrariot

10 per unit

2

2

0

3

15 per unit

.3

0

3

20 per unit

3

0

3

23 per unit

Civic militia medium cavalry with javelins and /or spears - up to 1 unit

8

Galatian m edium cavalry armed with spears/javelins - up to 1 unit

8

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded  as small units

5

Extra to give light cavalry feigned  .flight

Redaction to field light infant^ elephant guard with  javelins Heavy scythed chariot fielded as 1 model

5

Light artillery bolt tlrrowers

1

1

Medium artillery bolt or stone throwers

1

1

Heavy artillery stone throwers Commanders

1

0

17 per unit

Free

1 comm ander must be provided per division. 411 commanders including geireral have leadership 8

'W ar is the mother o f everything." Heraclitus

Mid ?rc h st centuries B e

PTOLEMAIC

Following the break up of Alexander the Great’s empire Ptolemy 1emerged as the ruler of Egypt. The dynasty he founded was to last the longest of all of the Successors, ending only with the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC. The chief rival of the Ptolemies was the Seleucid empire to the north. The two Hellenistic kingdoms fought incessantly for control of the territory that lay between Egypt and Syria. Elephants were an important part of these opposing armies. The Ptolemies began with a herd of Indian elephants but, being unable to obtain replacements, attempted to train African elephants instead. These proved unsatisfactory, being the smaller elephants native to  Nor th Africa. In a c onfr ontat ion bettveen the two kinds of eleph ant t he India n beasts of the Seleucids had th e advantage. To repr esent this, in any straightforward fight between tile two kinds, the African elephants lose 1 hand'tO'ha nd combat attack. 1 have not included contemporary Roman legionaries fighting on behalf of Cleopatra as we felt it was rather untypical of Ptolemaic armies tjp to that time see the Marian Roman list for stats. Search: Ptolemy I Soter, The Battle of Gaza (312 BC), Syrian Wars, The Battle of Raplria.

62

Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Pike 25 %+ o f in fa ntr y

A t le ast a q ua rt er of t he no n- sk irm is he r in fa ntr y u nits in th e a rm y m us t be pik e- ar me d p ha la nx of one type or another.

Cavalry 25%

At least a quarter o f the units in the army m ust be cavalry.

Artillery up to 1

Up to one unit.

Elephants up to 1.0%

Up to one in ten units in the army can be elephants.

Divisions 4  units

Divisions m ust contain at least 4 units excluding skirmislaers and be led by a comm ander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may coirtain up to half as many skirmisher units as tlrey contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Ptolemaic T roop Values Combat

Unit

Phala ngitehe ar^ infantry armed with pikes  Reduction to field phalangites as Egyptian levy

special

Points Value

Sliort Range

Long Range

7

V .

0

4

6

Plralanx

32 per unit

6

3 /0

0

4*

(

Phalanx, levy

-4 per unit

Clash

Sustaiired

Morale Stamina Save

Extra to upgrade  phalangites to veteran - up  to half  1

7

3 /0

0

4

6

Phalanx,  Drilled 

+3 per unit

Extra to upgrade phalangites  to guard  - up  to 1unit 7

7

3 /0

0

4

6

Phalanx,  Drilled, Elite, Stubborn

+9 per unit

5

5

3

0

6+

6

Light infantry peltasts with s pears/javelins

20 per unit Tough fighters

+2 per unit 

Extra to field  peltasts as Thracians with doable-handed rhomphaia - wp to 1 wnit

6

5

2 /0

0

6+

6

 Reduction to field light javelin-armed   peltasts as small units

3

3

2

0

6-1

4

9

2

0

5

<>

Wild fighters

28 per unit

)

2

5,

6

Wild fighters, Fanatic, Frenzied charge

+4 per unit

Galatian medium infentry warband  with swords and javelins - up to 1 unit Extra to field Galatians as naked fanatics

-7 per unit

11 per unit

3

2

2

0

0

4

2

2

2

0

0

4

 Marlssmen

+ 1 per unit 

Egyptian, Arab or Jewislr skirmishers armed with slings fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

Levy

10 per unit

Egyptian or S yrian or Arab skirmishers armed with bow's and fieltled as small units

2

2

2

2

0

Levy

10 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

 Marksmen

+3 per unit

9

6

3

0

4+

6

Drilled, Elite

36 per unit

5

3

0

5+

6

Drilled 

30 per unit

3

2

0

6

4

2

0

6+

4

Feigned fligh t 

.2 per unit

Skirmislrers arm ed W'ith javelins and fielded as small units Extra to field skirmishers  as Aetolian - up to 1 wnit

Extra to upgrade bowmen to Cretans - Mp to 1 wnit Agema heavy cavalry armed with spears an d/o r javelins Cleruch medium cavalry armed with spears and /or javelins Light cavalry arme d w ith javelins and fielded  as small units Extra to give light cavalry feigned light

8

5

5

4

17 per unit

4

3

2

2

6+

4

Feigned flight

20 per unit

Eleplrants witlr mixed arm ed crews

4

.3

1

1

4

6

Elephant

24 per unit

Ubyan four-horse liglrt chariote witlt  javelin -arm ed c rews

8

:>

3

0

4+

6

Medium artdle ry bolt thrower - up to 1 unit

1

1

0

.3

Commanders

1 commande r must be provided per division. All conrmanders including general have leadership 8

Arab cam el-mounted light cavalry with bows and   javelins field ed as a sma ll u ni t - up to 1 un it

3

29 per unit

20 per unit Free

1

L a te 5  century B C.ea rly^rd century A D

CH IMA

The Han dynasty corresponds in time to the rise and height of Roman power in the west beginning in 206 BC and ending in 220 AD. This was a period of great progress for China. Contacts were made with the other great empires of the ancient world in Parthia and even Rome. This list owes something to its immediate predecessor the Qin army, with a new emphasis on the mounted arm. Light cavalry with crossbows can be treated as bow-armed, this type of Chin ese crossbow being very light and suitable for use on horseback. C hinese archers can be armed with bows or crossbows; a weapon that the Chinese perfected and produced in many variants of size and weight. Troops armed with repeating type crossbows - a uniquely Chinese weapon - are treated as bow armed in all respects, whilst heavier crossbows can  be treated as bows or as crossbows as preferred. Char iots went o ut o f use as weapons of war during th e Hair dynasty, ceasing to form part of Chinese armies during the Western Han (ie, by 9 AD). Chinese chariots are classed as liglit chariots and appear to have been relatively lightly built and mobile. Tire option to field troops as rebel militia allows the army to represent insurrectionist forces. Some of these  became established as the personal forces of Han generals towards the end of the dynasty. Search Lui Bang, The Battle of Baideng, Rebellion of the Seven States, Tlie Yellow Turban Rebellion, Battle of Red Cliffs.

Infantry 25%

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be infentry other th an skirmishers.

Cavalry 25%+

At least a quarter of the units in die army must be cavalry.

Chariots up to 10%

Up to o ne in te n uniK in the army can lie chariots.

Artillery up to 3 units

Tlie army can include up to 3 units of artillery.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must co ntain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander. Soutliern tribal troops - where present - must form their own division/divisions, which may include skirmishers as noted below.

Skirmishers per division 50% ofinfentry

Divisions may contain u p to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infentry.

Han China Troop Values C om bat

Unit Clash

H ea vy in fa nt ry ar m ed w i th sp ea rs a nd s wo rd s

7

Extra to upgrade heavy  infantry to veteran up  to half 

Sustained  Short R ange

Long Range

Special

Morale Stamina Save

Points Value

-

3

0

4

6

Drilled 

29 per unit

7

3

0

4+

6

Drilled. Elite

+3 per unit

Extra to incorporate archers into the rear ranks of any of the above

1

7

3

2

4+

6

As above

+2 per Mnit

Extra to give any of tlie above henry infantr y and/or veterans long spears

7

7

3/0

As above

4+

6

As above

+3 per unit

6

6

3

0

5

Drilled

26 per unit

6

6

6 6

Drilled 

+2 per Mnit

Levy

-6 peritnit

Levy, Fttnatic

+ 1 per Mnit

Medium infantry armed witli spears and swords Extrtt to incorporate archers into rear ranks

3

-

Extra to make rebel militia fantttic

Extra to mttke swordsmen elite with sword  in  both hands - Mp to I nnit

5+

As above — 

Redaction to field any of tfte above as impressed  convicts or rebel militia

Light infantry swordsmen

2

5 6

5

6

As above —  

3 3

0 0

2/0

20 per unit

6+

6 6

Elite, Towghfighters

+6 per Mnit

0

6+

6 

Tough figlrters

+2 per Mnit

3

6+

6

21 per unit

2

6+

4

- 6 per Mnit

6+

Extra to give swordmen doitblehanded swords  Mp to 1 Mnit

6

Light infantry archers with bows or crossbows

4

4

3

3

3 2

Southern tribal medium infantry warbands with spears and /or javelins

8

6

2

0

5+

6

24 per unit

Souther n tribal light infantty archers fielded  as small units

3

3

2

2

0

4

14 per unit

Skirmishers armed with javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Redaction to field light infantry archers as small units

: ;;

; :

; :

64

;^:

; :

\

C E IT IR IA N

ist~2n
The Celtiberi ans were Celtic tribes settled in Spain. They t k part in the wars between Carthage and Rome and continued to resist the Romans on their own afterwards. During the Second Punic War numerous Celtiberians cross Italy as part of Hannibal's army. The Lusitanians, who lived in what is roughly speaking modern Portugal, were femous for their hit-and-run style of warfare. They were masters of the stealthy ambush, and are here represented by light infantry with the marauder rule. Note that I have separated out the Celtiberians from the Spanish armies to more easily represent the wars in Spain that followed the end of the Punic Wars. For example, the Numantine Wars of 154 BC-13 BC. Players who wish to combine both lists can certainly do so where history suggests it. Search: The Punic Wars, The Celtiberian Wars, Numantia, The Sertorian War.

Infantry 75%+

A t least three quarters of the units in the army m ust be infantry other th an skirmishers.

Warbands or Lusitanians 50%+ of infantry

Either warbands or Lusitanians must make up at least a half of the no nk irm ishe r infantry units in the army - representing either a Celtiberian or specifically Lusitanian army.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must contain at least 4 units other tlran skirmishers and be led by a- commander. If general’s guard is fielded these mu st form p art o f the general's division.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Celtiberian Tro op Values Combat

Unit

Points Value

Sustained

Short Rnge

Long Rairge

8

6

2

0

5+

6

6

2

0

5+

6

Wild fighters

+3 per unit 

Celtiberian m edium infantry warband armed w ith sword and javelins  Extra to make warbands 'wild fighters' 

f 

Special

Morale Stamina Save

Clash

24 per unit

Celiberian medium infantry bodyguard warband - up to 1 unit

8

6

2

0

5+

6

Tough fighters. Fanatic, Valiant

29 per unit

Lusitanian light infantry armed with javelins and/or spears

5

5

-3

0

6

6

M arauders

23 per un it

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

Extra to field, skirmishers with slings - up to half 

2

2

2

2

0 0

4 4

+1 per unit 

Medium cavalry armed with spears and/or javelins

8

5

3

0

5+

6

27 per unit

Light infantry arm ed witlr spears a nd /or javelitrs fielded as small units - up to 1 per cavalry

.3

3

2

0

0

4

Liglrt cavalry armed with javelins and fielded  as small units

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Commanders

1 comm ander m ust be provided per division All commanders including general have leadership 8

% % · ?

I f 

»! ... f   

» T

11 per unit

Sub-unit of cavalry

12 per uni t

17 per uirit

Free

r f 

CAESAR'S GALL IC WARS Caesar tells US that G aul is divided into three parts: inhab ited by the Belgae, the Aquitani and the Gauls. He also says these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. Of all these he says, the Belgae are the bravest,  being the f urthes t from civilization, and being the nearest to the G ermans with whom they are continually waging war. O f'the Gauls, Caesar considers the Helvetii greatest in valor, as they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontiers.

(Duck-bill' axe head   Middle Kingdom C.19th Century

(Perry Collection) tjltl

  -

. ni .

65

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sc

PYRRHIC

Late  3rd century  €

Pyrrhus of Epirus was one of the greatest generals of his age - it was in his blood - after all he was second cousin to Alexander the Great. He became King of Epirus and Macedonia and led armies against the Romans in support of the Greek cities of southern Italy (known as Magna Graecia). The victories he won during that campaign were achieved at such cost to his own army the term 'pyrrhic victory' passed into common usage to describe a victory almost as crippling to the winners as the losers. The Epirote army is typical of the western Successors in that it is based upon the pike-armed phalanx supported by lighter infanwy and cavalry. We have represented the Macedonian and Epirote cavalry as armed with light spears, which seems more in keeping with the general effectiveness of Greek cavalry following the days of Alexander. Tire proportion of pikes in Pyrrhus's armies fell in succeeding battles. The proportions described already allow for this and players wishing to mtrdel the earliest battles will no doubt wish to field more than the minimum indicated. Search Pyrrhus of Epirus, Tire B atde of Heraclea (280 BC), The Battle of Asculum (279 BC). The Battle of Benevent um (275 BC).

Infantry 5 %+

At least half the unite in tire army must be infantry oth er tlran skirmishers.

Pike 25%+ of infantry

At least a quarter o f the nonsk irmis her infa ntry unite in the army must be pike-armed plralanx of one type or another.

Cavalry up to 50%

Up to ha lf of the unite in tire arnry can be cavalry.

Artillery ujr to 1

The army can include up to one unit of artillery.

Elephants up to 10%

Up to oire in ten unite in tire army can be elephants.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must Ire led Iry a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher un its as tlrey contain non-skirnrislrer infantry.

Pyrrhic T roop Values

Short Range

long Rairge

Save

-

3/ 0

0

4+

7 

3 /0

0

Claslr  Sustained

Plralangite heavy infatrtry armed with pikes Extra to upgrade phalangi te  to veteran - up to half 

M o r a le

Combat

U nit

1

Stamina

Special

Points Value

32 per unit

6 

Phalanx

4*

6

Phalanx, Drilled 

+3 per unit

4+

6

Phalanx,  Levy

-3 per unit

Phalanx

32 per unit

 Reduction  to field phalangite as raw Tarentines

7

7 

3 /0

Greek, Italian or O scan hop lite heavy infentry armed w ith long spears

7

7

.3/0

0

4+

6 

O scan light in fa ntr y w ith spears /javelins

5

5

3

0

(

6

Galatian medium infantry warbands armed with swords and javelins

9

6

2

0

Oscan light infantry with spears/javelins

5

5

5

6+

6

20 per unit

Skirmishers arme d with javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

4

11 per un it

Skirmishers arme d w ith slings and fielded as small unite

2

2

2

2

0

Skirmislrers armed witlr bows and fieltled as small unite

2

2

2

2

0

4

2

2

2

2

0

4

M arhmen

+ 1 per unit

8

,5

3

0

5+

6

Drilled, Elite

33 per unit

Extra to upgrade Epirote OTMacedonians to heavy cavalry 9

6

3

0

4*

6 

Dilled, Elite

+3  per unit 

3

0

5+

Drilled 

30 per unit

Extra to upgrade bowmen  to Cretans Epirote or Macedonian medium cavalry with spears and/or javelins

5+

6

20 per unit Wild fighters

28 per unit

12 per unit 4 12 per unit

Allied Thessalian or Greek m edium cavalry armed with spears and/or javelins

8

Oscan mediunr cavalry armed with spears and /or javelins

8

5

3

0

5+

6

Elite

30 per unit

9

(

3

0

4+

6

Elite

+3 per unit 

Extra to upgrade Oscan cavaliy to heavy cavalry

5

66

?:■
... . ·■■>.

."

7

.

· •1 :

Combat

Unit

Morale Stamina Save

,

 ; ■ - f f :

;. f

special

Γ

Points Value

Clash Sustained Short Range

Drug Range

5

3

2

0

6+

4

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight

+2 per un it

Elephants with javelin-armed crews

4

3

1

0

4+

6

Elephant

23 per unit

Mediunr artillery bolt thrower - up to 1 unit

1

1

0

3

0

3

Commanders

1 commander m ust be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadetslrip 8

Free

The general can have leadership 9 at tire following extra cost

+25

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small uniK  Extra to make light cavalry Tarcntines

Extra to upgrade general to leadership 9

EARLY GERMA N

m

17 per unit

20 per unit

century B € early jrd century A D

 2

Germans fought in a style comparable to th e Gauls, represented her e as warbands armed witlr a mix of spears, javelins and swords. The Chatti are sometimes assumed to carry longer spears. I take the view that these were used in a general way and not in the fashion of Greek hoplites. Those who think otherwise may field warbands with long spears at +3 pts per u nit and 0 /2 short-range attacks. I have suggested upgrades for eager and brave units. This allows for some'character isation of tribes and distinguishes the Ger mans from their Dacian, British and Gallic cousins. Cavalry and infantry sometimes fouglrt intermixed. To represent this any unit of light cavalry can be combined with one small unit of skirnrishers with bo th treated as sub-units of the other. So long as infantry remain witlrin 6" of their cavalry whilst both move their move rate is increased to 9". If a general's guard un it is fielded it must be pa rt of the general's division. Search: Cimbri, Teutones, Cherusci, C hatti, Suevi, Chauci, Battle of the Teutoberg Forest, Arminius, Marcomannic Wars, Quadi, Buri.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters of the units in the army must be infantry other th an skirmishers.

Warbairds 50%+ of infantry

At least half the non-skirmisher infantry units in th e army must he medium infantry warbands.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions m ust conta in at least 4 un its excluding skirmishers and must be letl by a conrmander. If a general's guard unit is fielded it mus t be pa rt of the geireral's division.

Skirmislrers per division 50% o f infantry

Divisions may con tain up to half as many skirmislrer units as tlrey contaiir non-Skirmisher infantry.

Early Germ an Troo p Values Combat

Unit

C lash S usta in ed

Slio rt Range

Long Rarrge

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

9

6

2

0

5+

6

9 9

6 6

2

0

5+

2

0

5

9

6

2

0

5+

4 3

4 3

3 2

3

0

h

20 per unit

2

0

4

-6 per unit

3 2

2 2

2

0

0

2

0

4 4

11 per unit

2

+1 per unit

L ig ht c av al ry a rm e d w i th ja ve li ns a nd fie ld ed as small units

5

.3

2

0

6+

4

17 per uirit

Medium cavalry armed with spears and javelins

8

5

3

0

5+

6

Eager, Tough fighters 28 per unit

Commanders

1 commander nrust be provi ded per divis ion. All command ers including general lrave leadership 8.

Medium infantry warbands armed with  javelitrs o r spe ars Extra to fieW warbands as b ra e Extra to field a warbnnd as general's gnard - Mp to 1 nnit Extra to field

warba nd as eager - Mp to 1 wnit

Light infantry archers Reduction to field archers as sraall units Skirmishers witlr javelins fielded as small units Extra to give skirmishers bows - up to 1 unit

W ild fighters

28 per unit

6

Wild fighters. Brave

+3 per unit

6

Brave, Wild fighters. Stubborn

+5 per unit

6

Eager, Wild fighters,

Free

Free

GI 

-

'

'

;

i i i

2nd century BC

MACCABEAN JEWISH

The Maccabeans started o ut as a rag'tag alliance of bandits and rebels fighting a guerrilla war from the hills, raiding and ambushing the Seleucid controlled garrisons and towns. As they used captured equipme nt their appearance would have been comparable that o f other Hellenistic warriors of the day. The spearmen, different types of skirmishers and cavalry are drawn from th e Dead Sea Scrolls description of the Jewish army. The option to ditclt the spearmen and field an army based on zealots allows for the earliest phases of the revolt. Zealots would have been variously armed with whatever came to hand , so potentially the same figures can be used to make up both troop types. Search Juda h Maccahee, Books 1 & 2 Maccabees of the Apocrypha, War of tire Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness.

Cavalry up to 25%

Dp to a quarter of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Light cavalry 50%+ of cavalry

At least half the cavalry units in the army mus t be light cavalry.

Medium infantry OR zealots 50% +of infantry

At least half the non-skirmisher infantry units must be either medium infantry OR if the army has no m edium infan try at all, at least half the inf antty mus t be zealots instead. A mediunr infantry  base d a rmy c an incl ude zealote - bu t in sm aller num ber s.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% ofinfentry

Divisions may contain u p to h alf as many skirjnisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Maccabean Jewish Troop Values Combat

Unit Clash

Sustained

Slrort Range

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value 23 per unit

6

6

3

0

0

6

3

0

5+

6

6

6

3

0

5+

6

ft

6 

3 /0

5+

6

Phalanx

+3 per unit 

Zealot light Infantry witlr javelins

5

5

3

0

6+

6

Wild fighters. Frenzied charge

26 per unit

Light infantry with bows

4

4

3

3

0

6

20 per unit

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small units

2

1

2

2

4

12 per unit

Skirmishers with bows fielded as a small unit - up to 1 uni t

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

5

3

0

5+

6

27 per unit

Medium infantry with spears and/or javelins Reduction to make medium infantry freshly raised  Medium infantry with lon g spears aird javelins Extra to make medium infantry with long shears phalanx

Medium cavalry armed with spears and /or javelins

5 Freshly raised 

-1 permit 

26 per unit

M ediunt cavalry arm ed w ith kontos

8

5

3 /0

0

5-

6

30 per un it

Heavy cavalry armed with spears a nd/or javelins

9

6

3

0

4

(

30 per unit

Heavy cavalry armed with kontos

9

b

3 /0

0

4+

6

33 per unit

Cataphract cavalry armed with kontos up to 1 unit

9

b

3 /0

0

4+

6

34 per unit

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

 L

1

+

4

19 per unit

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units Light cavalry arnred with javelins and bows and fielded as small units Commanders

5

1 comm ander must  be prov ided per divis ion. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Free

"A tomb now suffices him for whom the world was not enough." Epitaphupon Alexander the Great 68

-

i

SARMATIANS

century B C ir d century A D

The Sarmatians were a group f western Scythians who settled north of the Danube where they appear to have rubbed shoulders with the Dacians. They fought as heavy cavalry and are famously depicted on Trajan's Column covered from head to toe in scale armour, and riding horses similarly protected. All Sarmatian cavalry carried bows  but were noto rious for ignoring the m a nd charging hell for le ather at the first opportunity. For this reason tlreir long range shooting has  been downgraded. Medium cavalry represent less well-equipped riders) but could also be Alans. The Alans were a neighbouring or subject tribe who preferred to fight in this way. Similarly, light cavalry could represe nt younger, low-status individuals serving as scouts and flank guards or similarly equipped Alans in looser formation. An Alanic army, as opposed to lazyges or Roxolani for example, could conceivably forego heavy cavalry and infantry altogether, leaving an army entirely composed of medi um a nd light cavalry. Searclr: lazyges, Roxolani, Alani, Siraces, Dacian Wars.

Cavalry 75%+

At least tlrree quarters of the units in tire army must b e cavalry.

Heavy cavalry/cataphracts 50% +of cavalry

At least half the cavalry units in the army must be heavy cavalry or cataphracts.

Infantry up to 25%

Up to a quarter of the un it in the army can be infantry other than skirmishers.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and mtist be led by a comman der.

Skirmishers per division 50% ofinfairtry

Divisions may contain u p to half as many skirmisher units as they coirtairr non kir m ish er infantry.

Sarmatian T roop Values Unit

Com bat Clash

Sustained

Short Ratrge

Um g Range

Morale Stamina Save

Points Value

Special

Heavy cavalry with kontos and bows

9

6

3

1

4

6

34 per unit

Upgrade heavy cavalry to cataphracts

9

6

3

1

4

6

+1 per anit

Make heavy or cataphract  cavalry eager 

9

6

3

1

4

6

Lager 

Give any of the above penzied charge

9

6

3

1

4

(

 As above + Frenzied charge

8

5

3

2

5+

6

Make medium  cavalry eager

8

5

2

1

5+

6

Eager 

Give any of the above frenzied charge

8

5

3

1

5

6

As above *■ Frenzied charge

Light cavalry armed with bows and javelins and fielded as small uirits

5

3

1

1

6+

4

Subject levy spearmen - medium infantry with spears an d/ or javeliirs

6

6 

3

0

Subject levy medium infantry archers up to 1 per subject spearman unit

5

5

3

3

4

4

3

Redaction to field   light infantry archers as small units

3

3

Skirmishers witlr javelins fielded as a small unit - up to 1 unit

3

2

Commanders

1 commander must be provided per division All commanders including general have leadership 8

Medium cavalry with spear and/or javelins and bows

Redaction to field levy archers as light infantry - up to half 

' 

29 per unit Free +3 per unit 

19 per un it

6

Levy

20 per unit

5+

6 

Levy

21 per unit

3

0

6

 Levy

-4 per anit

2

2

0

4

 Levy

-5 per anit

2

0

0

4

5+

11 per unit

Free

69

'

1

11§

4 .

 ,

+3 per anit

'

s

.

2nd  ist centuries BC

ARTAXIAD ARMEN IAN

This army hails from the br ief Armenian Empire that spread over much of the disintegrating Seleucid domains and can therefore include a numbe r of subject peoples from the adjoining regions. C ataphrac t and heavy cavalry can be from Armenia, Gordyene, Adiabene, Media Atropatene and adjoining regions of the Parthian empire as well as Syria. Lighter cavalry come from the same areas plus Cappadocia, Cilicia and Commagene to the west and Iberia a nd Albania to the north. The same areas would provide the infantry, who might therefore lrave the same general appearance as Parthian or Hellenised troops. The phalangites are former Seleucid troops and th e im itation legionaries a deliberate, and largely unsuccessful, attempt to train troops to face the Romans. Search Tigranes the Great, Battle of Tigranocerta. Cavalry 25 %

At least a quarter o f the units in the army m ust be cavalry.

Infantry 25%.

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be infentry other than skirmishers.

Divisions 4

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a comnrander.

units

Skirmishers per division 50% of infontry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain n onskir mish er infantry.

Artaxiad Armenian Troop Values Combat

Unit Clijsh

Sustained  Slrort Range

M or al e S ta m in a Save

Special

Points Value

Cataphract cavalry armed with kontos

9

6

3 /0

0

4+

6

34 per unit

Heavy cavalry armed with kontos

9

6

.3/0

0

4

6

33 per unit

Horse archers fielded as small units

4

2

2

2

6+

4

Parthian shot

1.9 per unit

Light cavalry armed with javelins fielded as small units

5

.3

2

0

6+

4

Fcigiaed flight

19 per unit

2

2

6+

4

Feigned flight

20 per unit

3

0

4.

6

3 /0

0

4.

0

Phalanx

32 per unit

4

2

0

6.

6

le vy . W ave ring

7 p er u ni t

6

3

0

5

6

23 per unit

5

5

3

3

5.

6

24 per unit

Armenian ligltt infantry with spears and /or javelins 5

5

3

0

6+

6

20 per unit

6

20 per unit.

Arab cam el-mounted light cavalry with bows and  javelins field ed as a s mal l u ni t - up to 1 un it Imitation Roman legionary heavy infantry armed witlr spears and/or javelins

4

6

>

Phalangite heavy infantry arm ed with pikes Light infantry levy of armed servants witlr mixed weapons - up to 1 unit

4

Armenian or subject medium infantry armed w ith spears Armenian or subject medium infantry archers

24 per unit

4

4

3

3

0

5

3

2

2

0

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

llperutrit

Skirmishers with bows or slings fielded as small units

2

2

:

2

0

4

12 per u nit

Comntanders

1 comm ander must be provided per division All commander s including general have leadersltip 8

Arme nian liglrt infantry archers  Reduction to field archers as small units

           I

long Range

-6 permit

Free

            ?

      f       i             '

'The victor is not victorious if the vanquished does not consider himself so.”

Quintus Ennius

7 0

ist century B O is t century A D

ANCIENT BRITONS This army represents the native forces that opposed Julius Caesar and whose descendants went on to resist the Claudian invasion and subsequent conquest of Britain. As such it is the army ofCaratacus and Boudicca of the Iceni. The Britons fought much in the same feshion as their neighbours t he Gauls, except that British cavalry seem to have been in short supply, witlt the role of the mounted arm fulfilled to some extent by light pony-drawn chariots. The mass of British warriors are represented as warbands with the usual mixture of Javelins, spears and swords. I have made allowance for fielding cavalry as medium cavalry which may  be a little generous b ut makes the army more varied and interesting as does the inclusion of bowmen. The British made great use o f slings and piles o f slingshot were found ready to use during the excavations of tire hill fort at Maiden Castle which fell to the Romans during the initial  phase of the ir invasion.

V

.

Search Caratacus, Boadicea, Boudicca, The Battle of Watling Street, Tire Battle of the Medway.

Cavalry and/or chariots up to 50%

Up to half of the units in the army cair be cavalry an d/o r chariots.

Iirfantry 50%+

At least half the uirits iir the army must be made up of infantry other than skirmishers.

Warbands 50%+ of infantry

At least half the non skirm isher iirfantry units in the army must comprise medium iirfantry warbands.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions mu st conta in at least 4 un its excluding skirmislrers and m ust be led by a commairder.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Ancient British Troop Values Combat

Unit

Claslr  Sustained  Short R ange

Long Range

Morale Stamina Save

special

Points Value

9

6

2

0

5

6

W ild fighters

28 p er u nit

11

s

3

0

5+

8

Wild fighters

+7 per wnit

9

6

2

0

5+

6

Wild   fighters. Fanatic, Frenzied charge

+4 perm it

Skirmishers rvith javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small uirits

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per un it

Skirmishers with bows fielded as a small un it - up to 1 unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

Medium cavalry arnred with spears an d/ or javelins - u p to 1 unit

8

5

.3

0

5

6

27 per unit

5

,3

0

6+

6

25 per unit

Medium infantry warband armed  with swords and Javelins Extra to field warbands as large units Extra to field one standardised warband  as naked fanatics - up to 1 wnit

Light cavalry armed witlr javelins Liglrt cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small unite

5

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

British light chariots with crews armed with spears and javelins

6

5

4

0

4+

b

27 per unit

Commanders

1 conrnrander must be provided per division All commanders including general have leadership 8

Free

71

-

M I T H RI D AT IC P O N T I C

ist century BC

Pontus was a minor Successor kingdom th at lay on the southern coast of the Black Sea in what is today Turkey. It reached its greatest height under Mithridates VI, also known as Mithridates the Great, in the first half of the first century BC. This is an arnry that shows the transition  between the old Hellenistic phalanx and the Roman legionary - I have included both types in the list - over this period the phalangites were replaced by imitation legionaries an d mercenary troops. Light cavalry and skirmishers could be from any of the territori es occupied by the Pontic empire such as Cappadocia, Galatea, lesser Armenia, Bithynia and Colchis. This makes quite an exotic army.

Search: Mithridates, Tire Asiatic Vespers, Battle of Chaeronea (86 BC), Battle of Zela (47 BC). Cavalry 25%+

At least a quarter o f the units in the army must be cavalry.

Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be infantry other tha n skirmishers.

Heavy Scythed Chariots up to 3

The army can include up to 3 heavy scythed chariots.

Divisions 4+ uirits

Divisions must contain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers aird must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% ofinfentry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain ironskirm isher infantry.

Mithridatic P ontic Troop Values Unit

Combat C la sl r S u st ai ne d   Short Range

Pontic heavy cavalry armed with spears and/or javelins

9

6

3

9

6

3

9

6

9

6

Armen ian cataph ract cavalry armed with kontos

9

6

Scythian horse archers fielded as small units

4

Light cavalry armed with javelins fielded as small units

Long Range

M orale S tamina Save

Special

Points Value

4+

6

0

4

6

3

1

4

6

34 per unit

3

1

4+

6

+1  per unit

3/ 0

0

4

6

34 per unit

2

2

2

6+

4

Partliian shot

19 per unit

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned fliglrt

19 per unit

Imitation Roman legionary heavy infantry armed with spears an d/o r javelins

S 

6

3

0

4+

6

Phalangite heavy infantry armed w ith pikes

7

Upgrade Pontic heavy cavalry to guard -u p to 1 nnit

Sarmatian heavy cavalry with kontos and bows Upgrade Sarmatian cavalry to cataphracts

Rednction to field  phalangites as former slaves Galatian medium infantry warband with swords and javelins - up to 1 unit Extra to field Galatian warband   as Bastarnae Subject medium infantry archers

30 per unit Valiant

+3 per unit

24 per unit

3 /0

0

4+

<>

Phalanx

32 per unit

6 

5

1/ 0

0

6+

6 

Phalanx, Levy, Militia

-13 per unit

9

6

2

0

5+

6

Wild fighters

28 per unit

9

6

2

0

6

Wild fighters, Fanatic,

+4 per unit

5+

Frenzied charge

5

5

3

3

5+

b

5

5

3

3

5+

6

+3 per unit

5

5

3

0

6+

6

20 per unit

Extra to field peltasts as Thracians  with double-handed, rhomphaia  - up to 1unit

6

5

2 /0

0

6+

6

Thorakitai me dium infantty with spears and javelins

6

6

.3

0

Light infantry archers

4

4

3

3

0

6

20 per unit

3

3

2

2

0

4

-6 per unit

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

.3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers with bows or slings fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

0

0

0

3+

4

Extra to field subject archers as ηοη-lety - up to half  Light infantry mercenary peltasts with spears and/or javelins

Reduction to field archers as small units

Heavy scythed cltariots fielded as units of 1 model Commanders

5+

Levy

Tough fighters

6

1 commander must be provided per division All commanders including general have leadership 8

21 per unit

+2 pe r u nit 23 per unit

Scythed chariot

10 per un it Free

DACIAN

ist century B O ist century AD

The Dacians were barbarians who lived in what is today Romania. They appear to have been close kin of the Tltracians with whom they shared a fascination for heavy scythelike weaponry - known to the Romans as the falx (ie, scythe). No t conte nt with minding their own  business, th e Dacians raided into Roman territory a nd were subject to Roman reprisals and eventually conquest by the Emperor Trajan. Tlte Dacians were allied with the Sarmatians who provided heavy bow-armed cavalry. During the Dacians' war against the Romans in the 1st century AD, the Dacian king Decebalus led an army that ambushed and wiped out a Roman legion. The Dacians captured the legion's eagle standard and carried away its artillery which they then used against their former owners with great effect. Search Burebista, Domitian’s Dacian War, Trajan’s Dacian War, Decebalus, Sarmizegetusa, The First Battle of Tapae (87 AD), tire Second Battle of Tapae (101 AD).

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters o f the units in the army must be infantry otlrer tlran skirmishers.

Warbands 50%+ of infanny

At least half the non-skirmisher infantry u nits in the army must be medium infantry warbands.

Artillery up to 1 unit

The arnry can have up to one unit of artillery.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must co ntain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Dacian Troop Values Combat

Unit

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Clash

S us ta in ed

S li or t Range

Long Range

9

6

2

0

5+

6

10

6

VO

0

5+

6

4

4

3

3

0

6

20 per unit

3

3

2

2

0

4

-6 per nit

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

L ig ht ca va lr y a rm e d w it h ja ve lin s an d f ie ld ed as small u n it

5

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

Sarma tian light cavalry armed w ith bows and fielded as small units

5

3

2

2

6+

4

19 per unit

Sarmatian heavy cavalry armed  with kontos and bows

9

6

3

1

4+

6

34 per unit

9

6

3

1

4

6

+ 1 per wnit

Light artillery bolt throwers

1

1

2

2

0

3

15 per unit

Medium artillery onagers

1

1

0

3

0

3

20 per unit

Meditim infantry warbands armed with swords aird javelins  Extra to field warbands as falxmen with  dowble banded weapons - up  to half 

Light infentry archers Redaction to field archers as small anits

Extra to field Sarmatian cavah as cataphracts

25 per unit Lowgb fighter s

+2 per anit

MARIAN ROMAN

ist century BC

Armies of the late republic are often described as ‘Marian’ following the reforms ofGa ius Marius in 1.7 BC. These changes to the rules governing recruitment of the legions standardised equipment and opened the ranks to all classes of citizen. Equipment was now provided  by the state rather tha n by the soldiers themselves. This enabled the Romans to field muc h larger armies and created a new class of  professional soldier. To improve mobility Marius famously did away with mu ch of the baggage train and h ad th e soldiers carry their own equipment - hence the legionaries became known as 'Marius' Mules' ie, carrying their own arms and supplies like mules! This list covers the armies of the brutal Civil Wars that engulfed the Roman world between Sulla's defeat of Marius and Octavian's victory over Mark Antony. As tire list iircludes troops recruited from all over the Roman empire it is necessarily quite long and varied. Like all Roman armies its core remains the heavily armed legionaries. The list also covers the pe riod o f Caesar's femous conques t of Gaul a nd invasion of Britain, as well as Pompey's wars against Pontus, and Crassus' disastrous foray into Parthia. I have speculatively included the carroballista into the list as these are recorded in later Roman armies. For appropriate rules see the Imperial Roman list. I lrave made allowance for legionaries fighting in a looser fashion as described for Spanislr legions under Sertorius and Pompey. These are treated as light infantry but rated as stubborn to reflect a relatively high level of equipment and discipline. Spanish legions could easily be represented as either medium infantry or regular heavy infantry. I have included the option to illustrate how such things can be arranged for those so inclined. Search: Marius, Sulla, Tire Cimbrian War, The Social War, Julius Caesar, The Conquest of Gaul, The Mithridatic Wars, The R oman Civil Wars.

Infantry 50%+

At least half the u nits in the army must be infantry other t han skirmishers.

Cavalry up to 25%

 No mor e tha n a q ua rte r o f the un its in the arm y ca n b e cavalry.

Legions 50%+ of infantry

At least half the non-skirmisher infantry units in the army must be legionaries of one type or another.

Elephant up to 1

The army can incltide 1 elephant

Artillery

There must be at least three legionary units for every artillery unit fielded, an d no more heavy or m edium artillery than light artillery units in total.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must c ontain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and m ust be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirmisher unite as they contain non-skirmisher infentry.

Marian Roman Troop Values Un it

Com bat Clash

Sustained

Legionary heavy infantry arm ed witli pila and swords

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Sho rt Range

Long Range

3

0

4

6

Drilled, Testudo

32 per unit

Drilled, Elite, Testudo

+3 per unit

Extra to upgrade legionaries to veteran up to half 

7

3

0

4+

6

 Reduction to downgrade legionaries to raw recntits or imitation legionaries  - up to half 

6

3

0

4+

6

Redwction to downgrade  raw recruits  to mediwm infantry kvies

6

3

0

5+

6

Levy

-4 per unit

3

0

6+

6

Drilled, Testudo, Stubborn

31 per unit

6+

6

20 per unit +3 per unit

6

Spanish-style light infantry legionaries armed with pila and swords Thracian or Illyrian light infentry armed with javelins and shields - up to 5 un its Extra to field Thracians or  Illyrians as mixed  javelins and long spears Extra to give Thr acians double-handed rhomphaia Spanish scutarii medium infantry armed w ith spears Extra to give scutarii heavy javelins counting as pila Gallic or G alatian medium infantry warband armed with swords and javelins - u p to l ttnit

-5 per unit

5

5

3

5

5

3

0

6+

6 

6

5

2 /0

0

6+

6

6 6

6

0 0

5 5+

6 6

23 per unit 23 per unit

6 

6

3 3 3

0

5

6

+3 per unit

9

6

2

0

5+

6

74

Tough fighters

W ild fighters

+2 per unit

28 per unit

.

V

m r

Combat

Unit Clasli

\ 

Morale Stamina Save

Points Value

Special

Sustained

Short Range

 bo ng Range

3

2

0

0

4

12 per un it

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

Skirmishers armed with bows fielded as small units - up to 3 units

2

2

2

2

0

4

Extra to field bow-armed  skirmishers as Cretans - lip to I wnit

2

2

2

2

0

4

German medium cavalry armed  with spears and/or javelins

8

5

3

0

5+

Gallic medium cavalry armed  with spears and/or javelins

8

5

3

0

Spanish m edium cavalry armed  with spears and/or javelins

8

5

3

0

5+

>

Caetrati light infaittry with javelins fielded  as small sub-units of Spanish cavalry - 1 per  Spanish medium cavalry unit

3

3

2

0

0

4

Spanish, Thracian or Cappadocian light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units

5

.3

2

0

6+

4

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight

19 per u nit

Spanish caetrati light infantry with javelins fielded as small units Infantry skirmishers armed w ith javelins and fielded as small units Skirmishers armed with slings fielded as small units - u p to 3 units  Extra to field   sling-armed skirmishers  as Balearic slingers - up to 1 ttnit

 Nu m idi an ligh t cavalry w itli javelin s fielded as small units

5

6

Marksmen

+ 1 point

12 per un it Marksmen

+ 1 per unit

T ou gh fighters. Stubborn

30 pe r u ni t

Touglr figlrters

28 per unit

27 per unit

Sub-unit of  Spanish cavalry

12 per un it

17 per unit

Syrian light cavalry with bows fielded  as a small unit - up to 1 unit

5

3

2

2

6+

4

Fe ig ned fli gh t

21 p er u ni t

Arab cam el-mounted light cavalry with bows and   javelins field ed as a s mall un it - up to 1 un it

4

.3

2

2

6+

4

Feigned flight

20 per unit

1

1

2

2

0

3

Drilled

18 per un it

I

1

2

2

0

3

Drilled  

+3 per unit

Medium artillery onagers

1

1

0

3

0

.3

20 per unit

Heavy artillery ballistae

1

1

0

3

0

3

23 per unit

Elephant with javelin-armed crew

4

.3

1

0

Contmanders

1 comm ander must be provided per division All commanders including general have leadership 8

Free

The general can have leadersliip 9 at the  following extra cost

+25

Liglit artillery scorpion bolt throwers Extra to mount scorpion on carts as camohallista

Extra to upgrade general to leadership 9

4

6

Elepliant

23 per unit

THE PERSIANS ACC ORD ING T O MAURICE .

;

'The Persian nation is wicked, dissembling, and servile, but at the same time patriotic and obedient ,' is the Byzantine Emperor Maurice's somewhat damning overview of his eastern neighbours in the Strategikon. He goes on to describe how their armies are particularly skilled at siegecraft, and he gives an account of their weapons and tactics. He says, 'In fighting against lancers they hasten to form their battle line in the roughest terrain, and to use their bows, so that tire charge of the lancers against tlrem will be dissipated and broken up by the rough ground.' He also describes them as 'marching step-by-step in even and dense formation’ and explains how they attack at the hottest h our o f the day once the heat has weakened their eiremy's ,spirits. He makes it clear that the Persians' strengtlr lay in their archery and stresses how important it was to close quickly, 'for any delay in closing with the enenry means that their Steady rate of fire will enable them to discharge more missiles against our soldiers and horses.'

Early stone Egyptian mace head Early dynastic period   c. 29002500 BC (Perry Collection)

75

 ______________ 

IMPERIAL ROMA^

!St^2nd centuries

AD

The basic legionary is a formidable warrior, and I have allowed both upgrades and downgrades to repre sent the varying quality of different legions over time. Further subtleties of differentiation could easily lie applied where the record merits them. In the case of auxiliary infentry cohort s I have given a foil range of stats as light, medium and heavy infantry and leave the player to suit the type to his own army. As a general principle it is assumed th at auxiliaries begin the period as light troops and evolve into more typical battle line formations over time. The usual Roman 'heavy' cavalry are represented as 'medium cavalry' as this is my standard interpretation for most heavily armed cavalry of the classical era - this is not a mistake - but players who take umbrage with my judgemen t are perfectly welcome to adjust things to their satisfection. Having said that, I have allowed for the one known unit of 'cataphracts' ala I Gallorum et Pannoniorum (stationed in Moesia), though I have slightly toned down the fighting state of these compared to dedicated horse-riding armies. Camel-mounted troops were known only in the East. Eastern legionaries were notoriously soft, so at least 1 un it of Legionaries must be fielded as raw recruits if camels are included. Carroballistae are scorpions mounted onto mule carts. They move at infantry rate and can make up to three moves and shoot in the same turn. They cannot traverse terrain unsuitable for wheeled vehicles, but the carts can be abandoned at any time and the scorpions deployed on foot.  Note t hat marines are acc ounted for within th e entr y for medium infantry auxiliaries wliilst Praetorians can be rated as legionaries or veterans as required. I can see no justification for auxiliaries carrying other than generalised spears and javelins and so have not allowed for it. I have also allowed for Roman legionaries equipped witli extra armour as 'Dacian-fighters' by the simple expedient of making them stubborn. Player who wish to inte rpret these things differently are, of course, entirely welcome to do so. Search: The Roman Conquest of Britain, The Pa rthian War, The Jewish Revolt, The Civil War of 69 AD, The Dacian Wars, the Marcomannic Wars.

Infantry 5 %+ Legions 25%

At least half the units in the army must be infen try other tha n skirmishers. of infentry

At least a quarter of the non-skirmisher infentry units in the army mtist be legionaries of one type or another.

Cavalry up to 25%

Up to a qu arter of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Artillery

There must be at least three legionary units for every artillery unit fielded, and no more heavy or me dium artillery than light artillery units in total.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must c ontain a t least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 50% of infentry

Divisions can contain up to h alf as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry.

Imperial Roman Troop Values Unit

Combat C la sl i

legion ary heavy infentry .armed  witlt pila and swords Etra to upgrade legionaries to elite - lip to half  Extra to make any of  the above stubborn as Dacian-fighters - up  to half 

S u st ai ne d   Sliort Range

Points Value

0

4+

6

Drilled, Testudo

4+ 4+

6 6

+3 per unit

7 

0 0

Drilled, Elite, Testudo

3

As above !Stubborn

+3 per unit

7

3

0

4

b

Drilled, Elite, Testudo 39 per unit Tough fighters. Stubborn

7

7 

7 

Veteran legionary heavy infantry armed with  pila and swords - up to 1 un it

Special

3

7

7

Morale Stamina Save

lo n g Range

32 per unit

Legionary raw recruit heavy infentry armed  with pila and swords

6

b

3

0

4+

6

27 per unit

Auxiliary medium infantry with spears

b

6

3

0

b

23 per unit

7

7 

3

5+ 4+

6

+3 per unit

Extra to upgrade auxilia^ medium infantry to heavy infantry Extra to upgrade auxiliary medium or  heavy infantp, to elite - up to fialf 

As above

Extra to upgrade  auxiliary medium or  heavy infantO  to veterans - up to I unit Auxiliary light infa ntty with spears and /or javelins

 —

5

5

As above

3

0

-

6+

b

Elite

+3 per unit

Elite, Tough fighters

+4 per unit

20 per unit

Unit

Combat Clash

Sustained  Short Range

Long R ange

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Auxiliary medium infantry archers

5

5

3

3

5+

b

24 per unit

Atixiliary light infantry archers

4

4

3

-3

6+

b

21 per un it

3

2

2

6

4

-6 per unit

Redwction to field archers as small waits Skirmishers arm ed with javelins and fielded as small units

3

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit

Skirmishers armed with slings or bows and fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

0

4

12 per un it

Auxiliary medium cavalry with spears and /or javelins

8

5

.3

0

5+

6

27 per unit

s

5

3 /0

0

5+

6

+3 per unit

8

5

3

0

4+

6

28 per unit

8 

5

3

0

4+

6

+1 per unit 

5

3

2

0

6+

4

17 per unit

Extra to upgrade auxiliary   light cavalry to Numidians  - up to 1 unit

5

3

2

0

6+

4

Feigned flight 

+2 per unit

Auxiliary light cavalry armed with bows and fielded as small units

5

3

2

2

6+

4

Feigned fliglit

21 per unit

Camel-m ounted light cavalry with bows and  javelins fiel ded as a s mall un it - up to 1 un it

4

3

2

2

6+

4

Feigned fliglit

20 per unit

1

1

2

2

0

18 per unit

1

2

2

0

3 3

Drilled 

1

Drilled 

+3 per unit

Medium artillery onagers

1

1

0

3

0

3

20 per tinit

Heavy artillery ballistae

1

1

0

3

0

3

23 per unit

Commanders

1 commander must be provided per division All comma nders including general have leadership 8

Free

The general can have  leadership 9 at the following extra cost

+25

Extra to give medium  cavalry kontos - up to 1wnit Atixiliary heavy cavalry witlr spears and/or   javelins - up to 1 un it  Extra to make auxiliary heavy cavalry cataphracts

A ux il ia ry l ig ht c ava lr y a rm ed w ith ja velin s and fielded as small unie

Light artillery scorpion bolt throwers Extra to mount scorpions on carts as carroballistae

Extra to upgrade general to leadership 9

Form testudo!

77

is1>2nd centuries AD

JEWISH REVOLT

This list represents the army of the People's Popular Front for Judea and can, with suitable modification, be used to represent the very similar forces of the Judean People's Popular Front (splitters!). In fact it represents th e troo ps comm anded and described by Josephus, who rose against the Romans and were eventually defeated by Vespasian and his son Titus. The list can also be pressed into service to describe the armies oftl ie numero us Jewish revolts, which seem to have been a feature of life in ancien t Judea. The terms zealots and sicarii are not strictly accurate for tire whole period covered, but I've used them as descriptions for various religiously motivated and fanatical fighters. T^e provision of a few cavalryis attested : ^re fir^t Jewish but sterns a reasonable assumption for al^ of these revolts.

Cavalry up to 10%

Up to one in ten of the units in the army can be cavalry.

Infantry 75%+

At least three quarters o f the units in the army m ust be infantry other tha n skirmishers.

Liglit Infantry javelins 50%+ of infantry

At least half the non-skirmish infentry in the army must be liglit infantry units armed with javelins, improvised weapons and daggers or similarly armed zealots, sicarii or levy.

Divisions 4+ units.

Divisions must co ntain at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must be led by a commander.

Skirmishers per division 100% of infantry/cavalry

Divisions may contain up to as many skirmisher units as they contain non-skirmisher infantry and/or cavalry units.

Jewish Revolt Troop Values Unit

Combat C la sh

S us ta in ed   Short R ange

5

Light infantry with javelins, improvised  weapons, and daggers

5

Redaction to make light infantry levy

5

Extra to make light infantry zealots

6 

5

 Extra to tnake zealots sicari i - Mp to half 

6

Long R ange

.3

0

3 3

5

4 4 4

Skirmishers with javelins fielded as small units

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

6+

<>

0

6+

6

 Levy

-3 per w it

0

6+

6

Wild fighters

+4  per unit 

3

0

6+

6

Wild fighters. Fanatics, Valiant

+4 permit 

4

-3

3

0

6

4

3

3

6+

6

Fanatics

+2 per unit 

4

3

3

6

 Levy

-3 permit

3

2

2

0

Skirmishers with slings fielded as small units

2

2

2

2

S ki rm is he rs wi th bos vs fie ld ed as s ma ll u n it s

2

2

2

2

Light cavalry armed with javelins and fielded as small units

5

,3

2

0

Com manders

1 comm ander must be provided per division. All commanders including general have leadership 8.

Light infantry with bows Extra to make liglit infantry bowmen zealots Redaction to make non-zealot bowmen let^

0

20 per unit

20 per unit

4

11 per unit

4

12 per unit

0

4

12 per unit

6+

4

17 per unit

Free

KUSHAN

5

[ centuries AD

The Kushan (nothing to do with soft furnishings) were a Scythian tribe who establislred themselves in the old Bactrian Greek and IndoGreek kingdoms and went on to occupy much of no rthe rn India an d eastern Partlria (tire Indo-Parthian Kingdom based at Taxila). The army is a fascinating mix of Scythian style cavalry and Indian infantry, Irut could also iirclude some of the Bactrian Greek elements in the early  part of the period covered - see the Bacttian Greek list for suitable stats. Search: Yuezlri, Indo-Scythians, Saka, Kujula Kadphises, Kanishka, Gandhara.

Cavalry 50% t

At least half of the units in the army m ust be cavalry.

Horse archers 50%+ o f cavalry

At least half of tire cavalry units in the army must be horse archers

Infantry 25%+

At least a quarter of the units in the army must be infantry other than skirmishers.

Elephants up to 10%

Up to one in te n of the units in tire army can Ire elephants.

Divisions 4+ units

Divisions must contaiir at least 4 units excluding skirmishers and must Ire led lry a conrmander.

Skirmishers per divisioir 50% of infantry

Divisions may contain up to half as many skirm isher units as tlrey contain iron-skirmisher infantry.

Kushan Troop Values Combat

Unit

C la sl r S u st ai ne d   Slrort Range

long Range

Morale Stamina Save

Special

Points Value

Kuslran heavy cavalry armed w ith kontos

9

6

3 /0

0

4

6

K us ha n h or se ar ch er s fi eld ed as s ma ll u ni ts

4

2

2

2

6+

4

Partlr iair slrot

19 pe r' un it

Light cavalry armed witlr spears a nd /or javelins and Irows fielded as small units

5

3

2

2

6+

4

Feigned flight

21 per unit

Indian medium cavalry with spears and/or javelins

8

5

3

0

5

6

27 per unit

5

3

0

6+

6

25 per unit

Indian light cavalry with spears and /or javelins

33 per unit

Iirdian or Kuslrair liglrt cavalry armed with spears an d/o r javelins and bows fielded as small units

5

3

2

2

6

4

Iirdian medium infantry armed with spears and /or javelins

6

b

-3

0

5+

6

23 per unit

Indian medium infantry archers

5

5

3

3

5+

b

24 per unit

4

4

3

.3

0

6

20 per uirit

5

3

2

2

0

4

-6 per unit

2

2

0

0

4

11 per unit 12 per up it

Indian, Kuslran or Partlrian light infairtry archers Reduction to field

archers as small

units

Skirmishers witlr javelins fielded as small units

Feigired flig ht

21 pe r u nit

Skirnrislrers witlr bows fielded as small unit

2

2

2

2

0

4

Elephants with crew armed with spears,  javelins an d bows

4

.

1

1

4

6

Eleplrant

24 per un it

S ki rn ri sh er s ar me d w it h j av elin s fi eld ed as a as small unit - up to 1 per elephairt

3

2

2

0

4

Sub-uirit of eleplrant

11 per unit

Com mand ers

1 comm ander must be provided per division All commander s including general have leadership 8

0

Free

"T he war o f the Jews against the R omans was the greate st o f our time greater too, perhaps than any recorded s tru d le between cities or nations."  Je iis b I r 

79

POINTS VALUES The points values given through out this book are based on a simple formula: adding up all the stats to get a base value. For example, here is the stat'line for Persian sparabara medium infantry.

Combat

Unit Clash

Sustained

Short Range

Long Range

6

6

3

3

Iranian/Mede sparabara medium infantry with mixed spears and b.ws

Morale Stamina Save 5+

6

Special

Points Value

Sparabara

26 per unit

The value is 6+6+3+3 +(2)+6 = 26 points. The value of the Morale Save (2) is the num ber of successfttl roll combi nations o n a single dice, so a save of 6 = 1 (1 in 6 chance), a save of 5+ = 2 (2 in 6 chance), a save of 4+ = 3 (3 in 6 chance) and a save of 3+ = 4 (4 in 6 chance). The sparabara special rule is free as noted on page 31. Although the real worth of the different game stats are not necessarily exactly equal, this simple formula works well enough  because all t he stats o f the different types are closely linked. T hus units with good Morale also have high fighting values, whilst small units with low Stamina also have lowered fighting values. Stamina is also fixed fairly rigidly within the lists, so although it is arguably worth the most per increment, its value is the same for all standard sized units.

TRO OP TYPES I realise that tlaere are some inherent abilities of different troop types that are not taken into account in the points values - they are freebies. For example, the ability of heavy infantry to close ranks, and the ‘to hit' modifier that applies when shooting at them. Similarly, the ability of light iiafantry to fight in loose order, and for loose order troops to evade, is not costed separately. These things are Judged to be either of a unit's role or else too minor to be worth consideration.

The stat lines take no account of movement rates, or of the rules applying to the different types of units. The following modifiers are therefore applied throug hout the lists.

Type of unit

Points added to cost Standard

Cavalry and chariots Catap hract cavalry

3 + l( ie .+4 in total)

Small

Large

+2

4

+1

+1

10 pts total

Ν /Α

Ν /Α

Light artillery

+6

+4

8

Medium artillery

+ 12

+8

+16

Fleavy artillery

+15

+ 10

+20

Elephant

+6

Ν /Α

Ν /Α

Cart-mounted infantry or artillery

+3

+2

+4

Scythed chariot

WEAPONS The following modifiers are applied to units carrying weapons that have their own 'useful' rules. Note that weapons are indicated under the unit column, they are not included u nde r the special rules column. No specific rules or  points modifiers apply to other weapons.

Weapons carried 

 Note that very few large units are inc luded in the lists and where given they are optional. Nonetheless, I have included the theoretical m odifiers in the chart above for anyone wanting to make use of them. The extra point for cataphracts may not seem much, but the loss of mobility compared to heavy cavalry is a big reduction in their effectiveness and is felt to balance out. The values for artillery reflect their extra range and the relative unimportance of the rest of their stat line.

80

Points added to cost Large S tandard Small

Kontos

3

2

4

Lance

3

2

4

Long spear 

3

2

4

Pike

3

2

4

Pilum/equivalent

3

2

4

Double-handed weapon

1

1

1

Crossbow

Free

Free

Free

Sling

Free

Free

Free

Wh ere troo ps are armed with a mix o f spears or javelins I usually use the phrase 'spears and/or javelins' and this is intended to cover all kinds of spears of various lengths, whether thrown or thrust, where no special rules apply and armam ent is represented wholly by the stats. No cost is applied to units carrying these weapons or to those armed with swords or similar arms that are represented entirely by means of the stat line. The term ‘long spear' is specifically used to describe troops with long spears fighting in a particular, regular, dense style. It is associated with a useful rule an d a split sh ort range stat. Bear in mind that troops fighting in a looser style, or lacking

 pro per train ing or f orma tion , could conceivably carry spears that are long, but which don’t qualify for the 'long spear' rule and which are therefore just described as 'spear' or (spear and/or javelin in the lists’.  No te th at the reason dou ble-h ande d weap ons have a lower  po int s cost th an ot he r han d-to -han d com bat weapo ns is that much of their value is reflected in the (neutral overall) stat adjustment. Pike always have the additional points add ed for 'phalanx ' (see below). Long spears sometimes have the 'phalanx' rule, but not always. Crossbows and slings have  bene fits and also disadvantag es co mpar ed to bows, and are therefore cost neutral.

SPECIAL RULES The special rules colu mn indicates which useful rules, if any, have been applied to tha t entry, apa rt from usefirl rules for weapons, which are included in the unit type description. Rule

Summary of Rule

Points added to cost Standard 

Small

Large

Brave

Shaken units rally on D6 roll of 4+ at end of command phase if more than 12” from enemy

3

2

4

Drilled 

Free move on failed order. Units may move through other drilled units withou t risk of disorder 

3

2

4

Eager

Free move on charge order given within maximum charge distance

Free

Free

Free

Elite

Recover from disorder on D6 roll of 4+ at start of turn

3

2

4

Fanatic

Morale Save +1 until shaken

1

1

1

Feigned flight

The unit is allowed to move out of a combat engagement

3

2

4

Frenzied charge

Must charge if within range, with 3 moves allowed on any successflil order/initiative

3

2

4

Freshly raised 

Check unit in first round of combat as per the Hail Caesar rulebook 

-1

-1

-1

Levy

Must roll 4+ on a D6 to recover disorder at end of turn

-3

-2

-4

Marauders

Ignore distance penalty for command 

3

2

4

Marksmen

Re-roll one missed ranged attack 

1

1

1

Militia

 No move on roll equal to comm ander 's leade rship wh en given orders

-3

-2

4

Parthian shot

Can evade and make closing shots as a reaction to an enemy charge

3

2

4

Phalanx

!,ost combate up to 2 count as draws until the unit is shaken

3

2

4

Pig’s head formation

Fighting unit can be supported by 2 friends to the rear 

Free

Free

Free

APPENDIX

Rule

Summary of Rule

Points added to cost Standa rd

Small

Large

Steady

Ignore the first '6' rolled for break tests from ranged attacks each turn

.3

2

4

S tu bb orn

Re-roll 1 f ailed m orale save if save is 6

1

1

1

Re-roll 1 failed m orale save if save is 5+

2

2

2

Re-roll 1 failed morale save if save is 4+

3

3

3

Re-roll 1 failed morale save if save is 3+

4

4

4

Free

Free

Free

Free

Free

Free

Sub-unit

U nit and sub-unit must remain within 1 move

Testudo formation Free move +2 morale saves from ranged attacks Counts 'front' all round to missiles Make no ranged attacks Ado pt battle line if engaged  Tough fighters

Re-roll one missed hand-to-hand combat attack 

1

1

1

Valiant

Break test re-roll once per battle

3

2

4

Wavering

Take a break test each time you take a casualty

Half  total

Half  total

Wedge formation

Free move

Half   total

Free (but n ot suitable for matched games)

Counts 'front' all round to missiles Cou nts ‘front’ all roun d for own ranged attacks + 1 morale save against all attacks Can not s upport or be supported except by enclosed friends Can make own attacks all round Enemy giving ground to front are burst through Wedge can make three moves throug h enemy it has  bur st thro ugh Wild fighters

Re-roll up to 3 missed hand-to-hand combat attacks in their first round of combat

On the whole the bonus for most special rules is fixed at 3  poin ts in t he case of a stan dard-sized u ni t as you ca n see from the chart above. Admittedly, this is no t a precise reflection of value in all caseS, but it is good enough to serve our purposes and to differentiate between the common and enhanced units. Where a special rule is equivalent to an extra increment of a stat, the value is considered to be the same as if this were a stat increase - ie, 1 po int per increment. Th e same applies to re-rolls, for example tough fighters and stubborn. Wild fighters is costed at the full 3 points even though it is only used once; this is .on the basis that it is up to the player to make use of the ability when it counts!

3

3

3

Some abilities are free. Eager, for example, is considered as mucb of a liability as an advantage and is therefore offered at no cost. Formation based abilities are also free, including sub-units. This is because it is rather difficult to fix a value on abilities that are likely to see little use on an open field, or which offer no significant advantage as in the case of the sub-unit and pig’s head. The wedge formatio n is considered s uitable only for scenarios and is  bes t a void ed in ma tch ed games; no un its have bee n giv en this ability in the lists. The adjustment for wavering units is to halve the unit's total  poin ts value. This is felt to be a fair refle ction of th e considerable risk of fielding them.

HAIL CAESAR AR'MYLISTS

A Greek phalanx prepares to advance.

COMMON USEFUL RULES When it came to creating broadly based liste we decided against using some o f the rules, these being judged suitable only in vety specific circumstances - for example the wedge formation as noted above. A few are only used occasionally to reflect unusual ttoop types. Others find comm on employment because they reflect general advantages or universal characteristics. This section explains why certain rules are commonly applied, and will hopefully prove useftil to anyone co ntemplatin g creating their own lists or tinkering with those provided. Drilled. W e kept this one for regular drilled ttoops such as Romans, Hellenistic armies and Byzantines. Although it might  be arguably extend ed to many more armies, ou r choice was to retain it as a distinguishing feature of these and comparable regular armies. Eager. Eager is usually applied to b arbarian troops know n for being keen to get to close-quarters. The troops are difficult to restrain in the face of the enemy. Elite. The elite rule is always applied as Elite 4+ in the lists. This means the unit will recover from disorder on the roll of a 4, 5 or 6 made at the start o f the turn. We apply this rule to very highly ttained and motivated regular noops and often to regular guards or the equivalent. It is not usually applied to  barbarian armies or armies generally lacking in nain ing or experience. Often it is applied only to a single unit in the army. Feigned flight. This rule is usually applied to small units of light cavalry equipped primarily for skirmishing. It is not normally applied to standard sized units. Uwy. The levy rule is preferred to represent poorly ttained, inexperienced, or unenthusiastic troops. The alternative militia rule tends to slow the game down and presents an obstacle to the player moving h is army; this works better in larger games and scenarios where these things can be compensated for. Marksmen. The marksmen ability is often given to specialist units of infairtry skirmishers such as Cre tan archers, Balearic slings, and so on. Parthian shot. This rule is usually applied to skilled horse archers, includin g all nom ad types as well as Parthians.

Stubborn. The stubborn rule is sometimes given to highly motivated ttoops to reflect their willingness to die fighting. It is also sometimes used to represent troops that are especially heavily armoured for their type, e.g. fron t rank Byzantine kontaratoi. Tough fighters. This ability is often given to barbarian guard or the personal retainers of a chieftain - it is the barbarian equivalent to the elite rule. It can also be given to other troops, whether regular or barbarian, to represent veterans or just 'tough fighters’. Wi ld fighters. Wild fighters is always applied with three re-rolls in the lists and a cost of +3 points. This is the stand ard ability for early barbarian warbands such as Gauls, Britons, and Germans.

INFANTRY OF THE BIBLICAL & CLASSICAL ERAS Broadly speaking, I treat all biblical era close fighting infantry as medium as this establishes a relationship benveen the infantry and chariots that feels about right. Because of this bowmen are relatively powerful in these armies - as was often the case historically - and the exchange of missiles  become s a n im po rtan t p art of th e b attle. Heavy infantry become a feature of classical armies, an d with their ability to close ranks and withstand missile fire they rise to prominence as the real battle winners. This downgrades arclrery to a supporting role in most armies. O n the whole cavalry are still relatively weak, a reflection on the size and breeding of horses, lack of stirrups, developed saddles and horseshoes. I therefore count battle line cavalry as medium in most cases rather than heavy, and this establishes the relationship benveen infantry and cavalry. Of course, there are some horse-riding cultures where the cavalry represent a heavily armed and armoured elite as represented by heavy cavalry and cataphracts - such as the Sarmatians and Parthians, and later the Sassanid Persians. It is significant that these are the very armies that gave Roman infantry such trouble! Effective battle line cavalry become a feature o f the armies of late antiquity and afterwards, as we shall describe in the next volume of army lists for H ail Caesar.

Take that, Marcus! A splendid conversion using Warlord Games plastic Celt and Imperial Roman legionary miniatures.

Pu t your back into it, you 'orrible little men! Imperial Rom att legionaries prepare a m arching fort.

. .- '

 I 

Forward sons of Sparta! Hoplite phalanx arrayed for battle.

]

'

v

Bennett Blalock'Doane Those of you signed up to the weekly Warlord Games email newsletter will be familiar with Bennett's work already. For those of you no t yet subscribed look no further than www.warlordgames.com Bennett is a master modeller and no slouch witlt the paintbrush either. He loves nothing more than converting plastic miniatures and creating liis own ltighly individualistic forces. Expect to see more of Bennett’s inpsiring work in our newsletter and future publications!

Roma n legionaries led by renowned centurion T itus Aduxas

Celtic cavalry let out blood-curdling screams as they close with their enemy

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