revised-final research paper - 3d printing in the medical field

Runn Runnin ing g head head:: 3D PRIN PRINTI TING NG IN THE MEDI MEDICA CAL L FIEL FIELD D

3D Printing in the Medical Field Jacinda Anthn! "#P $1%&'1: ()ing Technlg! Technlg! in the Cla))r* Minne)ta #tate (ni+er)it!, Man-at

1

3D PRINTING IN THE MEDICAL FIELD

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Thi) 0a0er e0lre) 2i+e 0u/li)hed article) that re0rt n re)ult) 2r* re)earch cnducted n three&di*en)inal 3D4 0rinter) in the *edical 2ield5 The 0ur0)e 2 thi) 0a0er i) t ea*ine the di22erent u)e) 2 3D 0rinter) 6ithin in)tructinal )etting) r 0r2e))inal de+el0*ent learning en+irn*ent)5 Re)earch )ugge)t) that 3D 0rinter) )er+e nu*eru) 0ur0)e) in di22erent di)ci0line) including *edical and educatin5 Ea*0le) included in thi) 0a0er relate t g!neclg! and cardilg! and h6 )tent) can /e de+el0ed 2r di22erent *edical need)5 The)e )tent) are 0r2e))inal de+el0*ent 00rtunitie) 2r g!neclgi)t) and cardilgi)t) 2r *re e22ecti+e 0rcedure) in the 2uture5 Thi) 0a0er 6ill di)cu)) 6hat 3D 0rinter) are, 6hat re)earch )a!) a/ut h6 3D 0rinter) are u)ed in learning70r2e))inal de+el0*ent en+irn*ent), 6hat ad+antage), /arrier), and cntr+er)ie) ei)t in regard t learning70r2e))inal de+el0*ent, 6hat technlg! integratin *ean) in the cla))r*, and 6hat a))e))*ent), /th )u**ati+e and 2r*ati+e, can /e dne t di)cu)) learning gain)5


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3D Printing in the Medical Field Introduction

Three&di*en)inal 3D4 0rinting 8i) a *anu2acturing *ethd in 6hich /9ec t) are *ade /! 2u)ing r de0)iting *aterial))uch a) 0la)tic, 0la)tic, *etal, cera*ic), 06der), li;uid), r e+en li+ing cell)in la!er) t 0rduce a 3D /9ect5 #*e 3D 0rinter) are )i*ilar t traditinal in-9et 0rinter)< h6e+er, the the end 0rduct di22er) in that a 3D /9ect i) 0rduced= >entl >entla, a, .'1?, 05@'?45 There are *an! di22erent 0rinting 0rce))e) that +ar! /! / ! 0rinter technlg!5 >entla >entla .'1?4 tal-) a/ut h6 i*0rtant it i) t -n6 that t6&di*en)inal radigra0hic i*age) can /e cn+erted t digital 3D 0rint 2ile)5 Thi) all6) 2r the creatin 2 c*0le, cu)t*ied anat*ical and *edical )tructure)5 The 0ur0)e 2 thi) 0a0er i) t ea*ine the di22erent u)e) 2 3D 0rinter) 6ithin in)tructinal )etting) r 0r2e))inal de+el0*ent learning en+irn*ent)5 The Nine Categories of Technology

The 3D 0rinter i) a technlg! that can /e *ani0ulated /! the learner and i) interacti+e5 Becau)e 2 the di+er)e utc*e) 2 the 3D 0rinter, it 6uld 2all int the 8In)tructinal Interacti+e)= and 8"ine)thetic Technlg!= categrie)5 Peter)n .'14 /e)t e0lain) that *ti+ating )tudent) i) ne 2 the /igge)t 9/) in teaching5 The 0artici0atin 2 the )tudent) create) engage*ent 6ith the 3D technlg!5 #chl) are 2inding that the 83D 0rinter) hel0 )tudent) thin- creati+el!= Peter)n, .'14 and that create) an endle)) range 2 0))i/ilitie)5 Ipadagogy-Bloom’s Taxonomy Taxonomy

ith the 3D 0rinter, there there are a *ultitude 2 di22erent thing) !u can create5 Becau)e 2 it) ca0a/ilitie), it 6uld 2all under the 8create= and 8a00l!= )ectin) 2 the i0adagg! 6heel5 There are )e+eral a00) that !u can d6nlad< ne in )0eci2ic i) called AutCAD 3$'5 Thi) a00 0r+ide) !u 6ith dra6ing and dra2ting tl) that all6 !u t +ie6, create, edit, and )hare


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dra6ing) acr)) 6e/ and */ile de+ice)5 A2ter !u ha+e 2ini)hed, !u 6ill /e a/le t u)e 6hat !u created and /ring it t li2e 6ith the 3D 0rinter5 Research History of 3D rinting

In 1%., Charle) ca*e u0 6ith the idea 2 the 3D 0rinter5 The 2ir)t ite* Charle) created 6a) a cu05 8That 0rinted cu0 cu 0 6a) the **ent 6hen 3D 0rinting 2ir)t ha00ened= Hull, .'1, 05.45 Charle) idea 6a) t ;uic-l! 2ind a 6a! t *a-e 0rtt!0e 0la)tic 0art) Hull, .'145 Charle) 6a) t d hi) re)earch n hi) 6n ti*e, /ut he 6a) a/le t u)e the c*0an! la/5 The rea)n 2r thi) i) /ecau)e /ac- in th)e da!) 8it t- )i t eight 6ee-) 2r* 6hen !u had 2ini)hed a de)ign t 6hen !u had the 2ir)t 0h!)ical article= Hull, .'1, 05.&.$45 In 1%$, the 2ir)t 0atent 6a) i))ued 2r the 3 D 0rinter5 H6e+er, H6e+er, Charle) 6a) una/le t cn+ince the 0re)ident 2 hi) c*0an! c*0an ! t hel0 c**ercialie the technlg!5 technlg !5 Charle) Charle) ended u0 creating a ne6 c*0an!, called 3D #!)te*)5 In 1%, 3D #!)te*) intrduced the 2ir)t c**erciall! a+aila/le 3D 0rinter, the #LA&.'5 Hull) 6r-, 6r-, a) 6ell a) ad+ance) *ade /! ther re)earcher), ha+e re+lutinied *anu2acturing, and are 0i)ed t d the )a*e in *an! ther 2ield)including *edicine >entla, >entla, .'1?45 !xample of 3D rinting in "ynecology

An article 0u/li)hed in .'1 arund g!neclg! and 3D 0rinting 80r0)ed t )tud! the a/ilit! t u)e 3D 0rinting a) it relate) t the crea tin 2 +aginal )tent) and dilatr) t 2it a 0ediatric 00ulatin= Ha-i*, lu!e*i)i, Bu)-*iller, Bu)-*iller, "ri)hna*urth!, "ri)hna*urth!, Chn,  Dietrich, .'145 Currentl!, thi) i) nt ha00ening5 H6e+er, the article cncluded that re)earcher) 8ha+e )ucce))2ull! )h6n that 3D 0rinting can /e u)ed t re)ie +aginal )tent) and dilatr) 2r the 0ediatric and adle)cent 00ulatin n the /a)i) 2 c*0uter *del) and u)e 2 CT i*aging=


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Ha-i*, et al, .'145 .'1 45 ithin ithin the 2ield 2 Pediatric and Adle)cent G!neclg!, 3D 0rinting i) an area that /ear) 2uture e0lratin and 6ill 0r+ide *re e22ecti+e 0rcedure) ging 2r6ard5 !xample of 3D rinting in Cardiology

In an article 0u/li)hed in Dece*/er 2 .'1, re)earch 6a) cnducted regarding an 8autlgu) heart +al+e&)ha0ed ti))ue 6ith a )tent )tent&/i+al+e4 2r tran)catheter 0ul*nar! +al+e i*0lantatin u)ing in&/d! ti))ue architecture technlg!= #u*i-ura et al, .'1, 053'45 The )tud! cncluded that the 8h!drd!na*ic 0er2r*ance characteri)tic) 2 )tent&/i+al+e) 2r u)e a) a 0ul*nar! +al+e 6ere e+aluated in +itr u)ing a 0ul)atile 0u l)atile *c- circulatin5 The de+el0ed c*0letel! autlgu) )tent&/i+al+e 6ith a00r0riate lea2let 2r* *a! /e u)e2ul 2r 0ul*nar! +al+e re0lace*ent= #u*i-ura, et al, .'1, 0531?45 Thi) re)earch )h6) that the 3D 0rinter can *a-e )tent) that 6ill hel0 6ith the 0ul*nar! +al+e re0lace*ent) and *a-e 2uture 0rcedure) *re e22ecti+e 2r the )urgen) and the 0atient)5 0atient)5 Internet of the 3D rinted roducts

It i) n du/t that 3D 0rinting 0 rinting i) ha00ening n6 and 6ill cntinue t change li+e) in the 2uture5 H6 de) thi) relate t the internet "aur tal-) a/ut the internet and h6 6e are a/le t c**unicate 2r* an!6here in the 6rld5 Thi) 6ill enhance ur learning 00rtunitie) /! /eing a/le t c**unicate ur de)ign) and ha+e the* 0rinted 6here+er there i) a 3D 0rinter5 ur 2uture cn)i)t) 2 80rinting the 0h!)ical 6rld arund u)= "aur, .'1., 053$'45 Is this the #uture of $edical Technology%

An actual ccurrence ha00ened 6hen a 0atient had @ 2 hi) )-ull re0laced /! an i*0lant that 6a) created n a 3D 0rinter Ha!hur)t, .'1?45 Thi) i) a re*ar-a/le technlg! ad+ance*ent and )h6) thi) i) the 2uture 2 *edical technlg!5 Anther 0art 2 the article tal-ed a/ut h6 the Ma! Ma ! Clinic in Rche)ter u)e) their three 3D 0rinter)5 8The 0ri*ar! 6a !


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6eK+e /een u)ing the* i) t create 0re&)urgical 0lanning *del) 2r ur rth0edic )urgen)5 eK+e e K+e dne arund 1'' 1 '' 2 th)e= Ha!hur)t, .'1?, 05$45 Thi) all6) the )urgen) t 0ractice, r t -n6 6hat the! are getting int, /e2re the! actuall! tuch the 0atient5 &d'antages(Barriers and Contro'ersies

#*e ad+antage) 2r 3D 0rinting include cu)t*iatin and 0er)naliatin5 8The greate)t ad+antage that 3D 0rinter) 0r+ide in *edical a00licatin) i) the 2reed* t 0rduce cu)t*&*ade *edical 0rduct) and e;ui0*ent= >entla, >entla, .'1?, 05@'45 05 @'45 ther /ene2it) include increa)ed c)t e22icienc!, enhanced 0rducti+it!, and de*cratiatin and clla/ratin5 The ad+antage 2 a 3D 0rinter i) that it i) c)t&e22ecti+e enugh t /e a/le t d trial and errr5 Thi) gi+e) !u the 00rtunit! t checchec - the 0rduct, *a-e ad9u)t*ent), and re0rint5 Barrier) that are 2und 6ith 3D 0rinting include unreali)tic e0ectatin) and h!0e, )a2et! and )ecurit!, 0atent and c0!right cncern), and regulatr! cncern)5 >entla entla tal-) a/ut the *an! ad+antage) that the 3D 0rinter) 0r+ide, /ut 8e0ectatin) 2 the technlg! are 2ten eaggerated /! the *edia, g+ern*ent), and e+en re)earcher)5 Thi) 0r*te) unreali)tic 0r9ectin), e)0eciall! regarding h6 )n )*e 2 the *re eciting 0))i/ilitie))uch 0))i/ilitie))uch a) rgan 0rinting6ill /ec*e a realit!= >entla, >entla, .'1?, 05@1145 Technology Te chnology Integration In tegration

3D 0rinting ha) /een / een integrated int *an! )chl) alread!5 Peter)n) re)earch re)earch di)cu))e) h6 8educatr) )a! 3D 0rinter) hel0 )tudent) )ee the +alue 2 their educatin in the 2r* 2 real& 6rld 0r/le*&)l+ing= Peter)n, .'1, 05345 ne ea*0le gi+en in the article i) a/ut a teacher that 6anted the cla)) t *a-e a c*0licated )teel 0art 6ith the 3D 0rinter5 The cla)) 8dra2ted a *del 2 the 0art, created a 2ile and 0rinted a 0la)tic 0rtt!0e= Peter)n, .'1, 05345 hen it


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6a) 2ini)hed, the! 2und that the 0art did d id nt 6r- 0r0erl!5 The )tudent) chec-ed the 2it, *ade ad9u)t*ent), and then re0rinted the 0art5 nce a 3D 0rinter i) 0urcha)ed, there are endle)) 00rtunitie) t integrate int !ur cla))r*5 #cience )tudent) at Maht*edi High #chl in Minnea0li), MN, 6ith their 3D 0rinter, 8created a *ind&cntrlled *ind&cntrlled 3D hand that can gra)0 a /all and then dr0 it5 Anther )tudent de+el0ed a c*0le trac- )!)te* 2r )n6*/ile)) i2 ne 2 the trac- 0iece) /rea-), it can /e re0laced ea)il! 6ith a ne6, 3D&0rinted 3D&0rinted 0art= Peter)n, .'1, 05345 &ssessment

hile )tudent) are learning h6 t u)e 3D 0rinter), a 2r*ati+e n&ging a))e))*ent and a )u**ati+e a))e))*ent can ta-e 0lace5 The gal 2 a 2r*ati+e a))e))*ent 8i) t *nitr )tudent learning t 0r+ide nging 2eed/ac2eed/ ac- that can /e u)ed u )ed /! in)tructr) t i*0r+e their teaching and /! )tudent) t i*0r+e their learning= 8Fr*ati+e +) #u**ati+e=, n5d5, 05145 Thi) all6) 2r teacher) t hel0 )tudent) recgnie their )trength) and 6ea- ne))e)5 ith ith the 3D 0rinter, the the teacher can 0r+ide 2eed/ac- a) the )tudent i) 6r-ing thrugh the 0rce))e)5 The teacher) can al) identi2! the )te0) that did n t g 6ell and re+i)e their in)tructin 2r 2uture cla))e)5 The gal 2 )u**ati+e a))e))*ent i) t 8e+aluate )tudent learning again)t )*e )tandard r /ench*ar-= Fr*ati+e +) #u**ati+e=, n5d5, 05145 Thi) t!0e 2 a))e))*ent hel0) the )tudent) learn a2ter the! ha+e c*0leted a high )ta-e) a))ign*ent5 Thi) 6ill gi+e the* in2r*atin n h6 6ell the! 2ll6ed the in)tructin) r ru/ric gi+en t the* at the /eginning 2 the a))ign*ent5 Re)earch al) indicate) that 8in2r*atin 2r* )u**ati+e a))e))*ent) can /e u)ed 2r*ati+el! 6hen )tudent) r 2acult! u)e it t guide their e22rt) and acti+itie) in )u/)e;uent cur)e)= 8Fr*ati+e +) #u**ati+e=, n5d545 Ba)ed n that in2r*atin, teacher) are a/le t re+i)e 2uture cur)e) and le))n 0lan) t )*ething the! -n6 6r-) 6ell5


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Conclusion

>entla .'1?4 cncluded that 3D 0rinting ha) /ec*e a u)e2ul and 0tentiall! tran)2r*ati+e tl in a nu*/er nu */er 2 di22erent 2ield), including *edicine5 A) 0rinter 0er2r*ance, re)lutin, and a+aila/le *aterial) ha+e increa)ed, ) ha+e the a00licatin)5 Re)earcher) cntinue t i*0r+e ei)ting *edical a00licatin) that u)e 3D 0rinting techn lg! and t e0lre ne6 ne)5 The *edical ad+ance) that ha+e /een *ade u)ing 3D 0rinting are alread! )igni2icant and eciting, /ut )*e 2 the *re re+lutinar! a00licatin), )uch a) rgan 0rinting, 6ill need ti*e t e+l+e5 The 3D 0rinter ha) changed the 6a! 6e thin-5 hen 6e thin- a/ut h6 thing) are *ade, 6e n6 thin- in a di22erent 6a!, a 3D 6a!5 6a!5 Thi) ne6 6a! 2 thin-ing all6) u) t 0h!)icall! create )*ething 6e de)igned in 9u)t a *atter 2 hur)5 #tudent) are n6 learning h6 ite*) are *ade, and i2 )*ething de)nt 6r-, the! *di2! and tr! again5 B! re)earching 6hat 3D 0rinter) are, 6hat re)earch )a !) a/ut h6 3D 0rinter) are u)ed in learning70r2e))inal de+el0*ent en+irn*ent), 6hat ad+antage), /arrier), and c ntr+er)ie) ei)t in regard t learning70r2e))inal de+el0*ent, 6hat technlg! integratin *ean) in the cla))r*, and 6hat a))e))*ent), /th )u**ati+e and 2r*ati+e, can /e dne t di)cu)) learning gain), 6e ha+e a 6ell&runded idea 2 h6 i*0rtant 3D 0rinting i) n6 and h6 i*0rtant it 6ill /e in the 2uture5


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Re2erence) Carnegie Melln (ni+er)it!5 (ni+er)it!5 .'145 Whys & hows of assessment. Retrie+ed March .', .'1$, 2r* htt0):77666 htt0):776665c*u5edu7teaching7a))e))* 5c*u5edu7teaching7a))e))*ent7/a)ic)72r*ati+e&)u**ati+e5ht*l ent7/a)ic)72r*ati+e&)u**ati+e5ht*l Ha-i*, J5, lu!e*i)i, A5, Bu)-*iller, Bu)-*iller, C5, "ri)hna*urth!, "ri)hna*urth!, R5, Chn, 5, 5,  Dietrich, J5 E5 .'145 Inn+ati+e u)e 2 3D 0rinter) in g!neclg!5 Journal g!neclg!5 Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 28.4, 28.4, E$@5 Ha!hur)t, C5 .'1?45 I) thi) the 2uture 2 *edical technlg ! Biomedical ! Biomedical Instrumentation & echnology, !814, !814, 1?&.35 Hull, C5 5 .'1, N+e*/er&Dece*/er45 The /irth 2 3D 0rinting: IRI achie+e *ent a6ard addre)): ith ith the in+entin 2 the 3D 0rinter, 0 rinter, Charle) Hull laid the 2undatin 2r tda!K) digital *anu2acturing re+lutin5 "esearch# re+lutin5 "esearch#echnology echnology $anagement, %8$4, %8$4, .&.%5 "aur, #5 .'1.45 H6 i) Internet 2 the 3D 0rinted 0rduct) ging t a22ect ur li+e)5 I li+e)5 I echnical "e'iew, 2(4, 2(4, 3$'5 Peter)n, T5 .'1, Januar! 1345 3D Printer) Add a Ne6 Di*en)in t Cla))r*)5 de Cla))r*)5 dech ch )ocus on *#+25 *#+25 Retrie+ed 2r* htt0:776665edtech*againe5c*7-1.7article7.'17'17ne6&di*en)in #u*i-ura, H5, Na-a!a*a, 5, hnu*a, "5, "i)hi*t, #5, Ta-e6a, 5,  Tat)u*i, E5 .'145 In +itr h!drd!na*ic e+aluatin 2 a /i+al+e /i+a l+e 6ith )tent tu/ular lea2let t!0e4 2r tran)catheter 0ul*nar! +al+e i*0lantatin5 Journal i*0lantatin5 Journal of Artificial rgans, rgans, +8?4, +8?4, 3'@&31?5 >entla, >entla, C5 L5 .'1?45 Medical a00licatin) 2r 3D 0rinting: Current and 0r9ected u)e)5 Pharmacy and hera-eutics, hera-eutics, (1'4, (1'4, @'?@115

revised-final research paper - 3d printing in the medical field

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