1 What Chapter Is Organizational Behavior? 1) Managers are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible for attaining goals in organizations. 2) Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decide what tasks related to creating awareness about the issue need to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking? B) organizing 3) Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under? E) leading 4) Lesley Torres is a project manager for the campaign Action against Deforestation in Indonesia. She recently faced a glitch when the campaign could not be launched publicly according to schedule. Torres monitored the schedule to find the cause of the delay, before speeding up the implementation process by allocating more numbers for the implementation phase. By doing this, which of the following functions is she performing? A) controlling 5) Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions? A) defining an organizations goals 6) According to Henry Mintzberg, a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a figurehead. 7) Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets, and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing? A) leader 8) Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzbers classification of managerial roles? C) liaison 9) Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the companys upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand
the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles? D) monitor 10) According to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles, that roles of a(n) disseminator is to transmit information received from outsiders or form employees to members of the organization. 11) The role of a(n) spokesperson, according to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organizations plans, policies, actions, and results and one which serves as an expert in the organizations industry. 12) According to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles, a(n) entrepreneur searches the organization and its environment for opportunities project to bring about change. 13) According to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) resource allocator is to make or approve significant organization decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets. 14) According to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role? E) liaison 15) According to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles, which of the following is kind of decisional role? A) negotiator 16) The role of a disseminator is a type of informational role according to Mintzbergs classification of managerial roles. 17) Which of the following is true of technical skills? B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge 18) The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as human skills. 19) Melissa Woods was recently hired as the campaign manager at an environmental organization. She has a degree in environmental sustainability and possesses substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming. She has the knowledge to lead the public relations team of the organization. However, a few months later, the board of directors of the organization expressed dissatisfaction with Melissas performance and asked her to resign. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? B) Mellisa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project. 20) Joann Hayes is currently working on a project to tackle climate change. During the project, she needs to find different options to replace the use of nonrenewable energy and check the feasibility of different renewable energy options before choosing the most practical one. Which of the following skills does Hayes primarily need to use for these tasks? C) conceptual skills 21) 360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relation officer. However, the interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other
hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong networking and interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Lauras argument? A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job. 22) .org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relation officer. However, the interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Lauras argument? C) Jessica was unable to communication clearly why she was right for the job. 23) According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks? C) decision making 24) According to Fred Luthans and his associates study of 450 managers, networking made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. 25) According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers which are involved in networking activities are most likely to undertake which of the following? D) politicking 26) Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how if affects the companys output. 27) Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study? D) individuals 28) Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute cause and effects? C) scientific data 29) Which of the following is true of systematic study? D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data 30) In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from systematic Analyzing study. 31) relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of systematic study. 32) Evidence-based management refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof. 33) Intuition refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. 34) Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. 35) Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on peoples influence on one another? A) social psychology 36) Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology? B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual. 37) Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their
activities. 38) Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure? A) sociology 39) Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of psychology. 40) You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines tp author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning and motivation? B) psychology 41) Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriams study exemplifies how anthropology contributes to OB. 42) Which of the following is true of contingency variables? A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. 43) Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote that use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited the same villages, received an antagonistic response from them. However, Mayer started that his findings only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a contingency variable. 44) Contingency variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. 45) Which of the following is a result of globalization? E) Jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor 46) Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to face opposition from labor groups. 47) Josh Wallace, a sales executive, has recently been promoted to the position of sales manager at Synergy Corporation Bank. He has in the past gained a strong track record of making the highest number of sales in his branch. During his first few months as a manager, he regularly appreciated and acknowledged the teams efforts because he knew that it was the driving force behind high performance. However, the company has recently expressed its dissatisfaction with Joshs team as it has consistently failed to meet the sales targets of the branch. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this situation? E) The team was motivated by extrinsic factors instead of intrinsic factors. 48) Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in
Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and hence is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Taiwan. However, local community leaders across the country are opposing this decision strongly. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders opinion? C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country. 49) Workforce diversity refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse group. 50) Eighty percent of the employees in the United States work today in service jobs. 51) A common characteristic of service jobs is that they need substantial interaction with an organizations customers. 52) Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job? C) Flight attendant 53) One of the key challenges for managers in todays organization is to stimulate tolerance for change. 54) Which of the following should employees undertake to deal with temporariness in the modern work climate? A) continually update their knowledge and skills to perform new job requirements 55) Which of the following terms best describes organization that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart? A) networked organizations 56) Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization? E) Managing people who work together but are geographically separated 57) Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with colleagues working in Germany. In additions, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues? E) networked organization 58) Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts? A) global organizations 59) Which of the following is true of positive organizational scholarship? C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential. 60) Engagement is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research. 61) The concept of reflected best-self involves asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths. 62) Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? E) Should I play politics to advance my career? 63) A (n) model is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. 64) Which of the following is true of models? E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future. 65) With reference to a basic OB model, inputs are
determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables like personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processed. 66) Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level? C) Values 67) An example of an input at an organizational level is structure. 68) Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of input? A) processes 69) Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level? C) decision making 70) An example of a process at a group level is communication. 71) Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level? D) Change of practices 72) Productivity is an example of an outcome at the organizational level. 73) Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level? E) attitude 74) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employees formal job requirements, and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace, is called citizenship behavior. 75) Group cohesion is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work.
) Which of the following is most likely to be an initialselection device? Background Check 1) Between the late 1960s and the mid-1980s, the use of written tests declined because they were characterized as ________. Discriminatory A work-sample test is most likely to be used for hiringa ________. Carpenter 1) Most training is directed at upgrading and improving an employee's ________ skills. Technical 1) By training employees on how to be better listeners, organizations attempt to improve their ________ skills.
Interpersonal 1) Lewis is a sales representative for his company. He isattending a company training program about the types of expenses that are considered legal deductions for tax purposes, and how to distinguish between personal expenses and business expenses. Lewis is attending training to improvehis ________ skills. Ethical 1) Which of the following is an off-the-job trainingmethod? Internet courses 1) ________ refers to actions that contribute to the psychological environment of the organization, such as helping others when notrequired. a) Citizenship 1) Performance evaluations are used to ________. Help management make HR decisions (i.e. promotions and transfers) 1) Formal performance appraisals are used more frequently in countries that ________. Are low in in-groupcollectivism 1) Work-life conflicts became noticeable in the 1980s when________. Women, with dependentchildren, started entering the workforce Which of the following statements is true with regardto communication? Communicationinvolves the transfer and understanding of meaning. 3) The emotional expression function of communication involves ________. Members of the organization showing their satisfaction and frustrations 4) Which of the following statements is true regarding an informal communication channel?
It is generally usedfor communicating personal or social messages. 5) Which of thefollowing is an example of upward communication? The assembly lineworkers have conducted a signature campaign asking for the revision of the oldpay scales. 6) Which of thefollowing statements is true regarding oral communication? The sender canquickly obtain feedback from the receiver. 7) Written communication is characterized by ________. The availability of nonverbal cues 8) Which of thefollowing is a desirable strategy for managers aiming to reduce the negative consequences of rumors? Encouraging employees to communicate their concerns and suggestions 9) Which of thefollowing communication channels provides the highest information richness? e-mail Using wrong "I'm good" instead of "i'm well" in a different country...example of? Semantics and connotations 1) Which of the following is true with regard to groups? A group influences our emotional reactions 2)Which of the following is true regarding formal groups? They are natural formations that arise in response to the need for social contact. 3) An informal group is characterized by the ________. Fulfillment of the need for social contact 4) Which of the following differentiates between formal and informal groups?
Formal groups involveclearly defined tasks and roles, while informal groups are neither formallystructured nor organizationally determined. 5) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding the performing stage? For permanent workgroups, performing is the last stage in development. 6)Which of the following statements is true with regard to the punctuated-equilibrium model of group development? It characterizes groups as exhibiting long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary changes. Sunhee Kim has recently joined a hospital as a part ofthe internship program prescribed by the nursing school she attends. Sunhee,who was inspired to take up this profession by the story of FlorenceNightingale, had very strong ideals about how she should behave as a nurse. Shefelt that as a nurse, she must be gentle, pleasant, and caring at all times soshe could serve her patients well, and she often went to great lengths as anintern by putting in extra hours at the hospital and so on. The scenarioreflects Janice's ________. Role perception 8) Most people assumethat a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, refrain from demonstratingfavoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. Whichof the following terms best represents these beliefs? role expectation 9) Osman is a Muslim employee in Indonesia and attends weekly prayers on Friday. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role willrequire him to work Fridays during the prayer time. Osman would like thepromotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss Friday prayers. In this situation, Osman is most likely to experience ________. role conflict 10) The ________norms dictate behavior such as with which group members eat lunch andfriendships on and off the job. Social arrangement
11) Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing? Ensuring that individual contributions to the group's outcome are identified 12) Which of the following is an advantage of group decision-making when compared to individual decision-making? Increased diversity of views 13) Individual decisions are more time consuming than group decisions. FALSE 14) Group decision-making has a disadvantage in the area of ________, when compared to individual decision-making. SPEED 15) Sonia Soans iscorporate trainer. One of her favorite ways to start a training program is to present a case study and encourage members to think of the case in depth anddiscuss it amongst each other. Using the results of the activity sheunderstands the baseline measures of the group's functioning. During one of herrecent sessions, she observed that the group came to a consensus very quickly.However, when asked to present their views, the team members were not tooconfident and appeared to be under an illusion of unanimity. From the scenario,we can say that this group experienced ________. Group-think 16)Which of thefollowing steps can be taken by a manager so as to minimize groupthink? Encouraging group leaders to develop a stronger sense of group identity ABL is one of thelargest consumer goods companies in the country and it recently held its annualconference where members of all regional divisions were invited. Since thecompany is vast and rarely finds all its employees together in such a manner,it used this opportunity to present to them certain new ideas they hadregarding various aspects of their functioning. Large meetings w each regionalteam were held to provide them with info about the proposed changes & toobtain their anonymous votes through computers. This helped the company speedup the decision-making process and consolidate the results immediately.
Electronic meetingapproach The current popularity of teams can be attributed to the fact that ________. They represent a better way to use employee talents Which of the following statements best defines a work group? A work group interacts primarily to share information, rather than to engage in work that requires joint effort. Work groups are characterized by ________. The goal of sharing information among members Which of the following accurately differentiates between work groups and work teams? Work teams generate a potential for an organization to generate greater outputs with no increase in inputs, while work groups cannot perform this function. Which of the following types of teams allows for collaboration between team members who are physically dispersed? Virtual teams Which of the following is desirable when a crucial project is delegated to a virtualteam? Engaging in close monitoring of the work being done by the team throughout the project Which of the following is not one of the key components of effective teams? Company reputation NaLette is a team member in a large corporation. She never speaks in team meetingsbecause she has seen members talk behind each others' backs after the meetings.Members are constantly monitoring the other members' work and looking formistakes to point out in a meeting. According to the information provided,which contextual factor is lacking in NaLette's team? Climate of trust
Which of the following reward systems is likely to reinforce team effort and commitment? Gainsharing Diversity is an asset for teams where tasks ________. Require a variety ofviewpoints Which of the following statements is true regarding size of teams? When teams have excess members, cohesiveness declines. The belief that effective teams have in their ability to succeed is called________. Team efficacy Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy? Helping the team achieve small successes 1) Witha deadline approaching, all six members of Mehmet's V366 class, one team wereworking round-the-clock and still the work was not completed in time. After the project was completed, XXX spoke individually with the members to determine thecause for this delay. Many members complained saying the work given to them was not in accordance with their roles, some were unclear about which team memberto approach when faced with a problem, and many underestimated the time andeffort the project demanded. This team is characterized by ________. Dissimilar mental models For creating good team players, an organization's reward system must be reworked to encourage competitive efforts rather than cooperative ones. FALSE Work should be performed by an individual if ________. The work is simple and does not require diverse input The work of your group would be better done in teams if the members of the team are________.
Interdependent Which of them is not a determinant of psychological contracts? Rumors ______________ encourage(s) high levels of employeemotivation and performance. It (They) also provide(s) accurate information tobe used in managerial decision making. Performance Appraisal 5)Performance appraisals give employees feedback that contributes to __________motivation! Intrinsic 6)Which of the following is not an example of subjective factors or performance appraisal systems? number of sales ________________ explains that when pay is contingent on performance, employeesare motivated to perform because doing so will help satisfy their desires. Need Theory 8)________________ explains that pay is an outcome with highly desirable for mostemployees; the association between performance and outcomes must be high formotivation to be high. Expectancy Theory 9)_________________ explains that outcomes (i.e. pay) should be distributed inproportion to inputs (i.e. performance) Equity Theory 10)______________ explains that the methods used to evaluate performance anddistribute pay need to Justice Theory
1) Which of the following statements is true regarding power? A has the capacity to influence the behaviorof B, and then A is said to have power over B. 2) Which of thefollowing is a differentiating factor between power and leadership? Goal compatibility 3) Which of the following is a feature of power? a) Lack of goal compatibility between leaders and followers 4)In the last one week,Reyes Jiang and Kohei Suzuki have been putting in extra hours at work so thatthe project assigned to them by their manager is completed well within time.Though the manager was due to assign two more people for this project, he hadnot done so. As a result, Reyes and Kohei, who had to do double their routineworkload, went and complained to the division manager. Reyes was promptlysuspended from work for complaining about her immediate supervisor. Thisrepresents the operation of ________ power. Coercive 4)In the last one week,Reyes Jiang and Kohei Suzuki have been putting in extra hours at work so thatthe project assigned to them by their manager is completed well within time.Though the manager was due to assign two more people for this project, he hadnot done so. As a result, Reyes and Kohei, who had to do double their routineworkload, went and complained to the division manager. Reyes was promptlysuspended from work for complaining about her immediate supervisor. Thisrepresents the operation of ________ power. Coercive 5) As a regionalsales officer, one of Brandon's job responsibilities is to process the yearly appraisalforms of his subordinates and provide them with increments, bonuses, orbenefits based on their performance that year. This job responsibility directlyreflects his ________. Reward power
6) At the PR firmwhere Gerald works, everyone considers him to be very good with his work anddepends heavily on his knowledge to help the organization to solve itsproblems. Gerald is often seen teaching interns a simpler way to present anarticle, helping project managers with scheduling, and even the CEO often askshim for his opinion on important matter because of his experience and skill.Gerald's specialized knowledge depicts his ________. Expert Power 7) Ahmed Ali was themanager of a team of twelve people in the marketing division of Palmer Inc. Ahmed,who was working in the company for eleven years, was held in high regard andliked by all his colleagues and subordinates. However, Murat and Sanchayan, twoof his subordinates, were noted for flouting his rules and directivesfrequently. They continued behaving in this manner even after Ahmed hadcategorically requested them to refrain from upsetting the momentum of theteam. Which of the following, if true, would best explain Murat and Sanchayan’scontinued noncompliance with Ahmed's requests? Ahmed was uncomfortable exercising coercive measures to control employees. 8) Which of the following types of power is most likely to be negatively related to employee satisfaction and commitment? Coercive power 9) Levin and Co. is agroup of oil refineries that has been in the news recently. The company had tostop production for over two weeks because their key supplier refused to sellthem crude oil at the old prices. Even after rounds of negotiations, thesupplier refused to give in to the demands of Levin and Co. and finally, thecompany had to acquire the raw material from the same supplier becausealternative suppliers, though abundant, could not provide the quantities thecompany demanded at such short notice. This shows the role of ________ inincreasing the power one enjoys. Dependence 10) Carl believesthat he is lucky to be working under a manager like Mr. Parkerconscientious, flexible and easy to work with. It was Mr. Parker whohelped Carl learn the demands of the job, gave him opportunities to learn fromthe mistakes he made, and always provided sound advice. Mr. Parker, who is inthe field for over eighteen years, never made Carl feel like a novice and thisonly increased Carl's personal confidence in his work and his loyalty towardhis manager. Carl, who is now doing
very well on the job, aims to be a managerlike Mr. Parker. From the scenario, which of the following conclusions can bedrawn? Mr. Parker has a high degree of referent power. 11) Rational persuasion is a power tactic that involves the use of ________. Logical arguments and factual evidence 12) Which of thefollowing statements is true with regard to the effectiveness of tactics? The combination of a soft tactic with reasonable persuasion is more effective than a combination of two hard tactics. 14)Political behaviors usually ________. Lie outside of an individual's specified job requirements 15) Which of the following factors contributes to political behavior in the organization? Presence of limited resources in the organization 8: CHAPTER WORK PLACE MOTIVATION 1) is an extrinsic means of motivation E) Salary 2) Job design is defined as the . B) way the elements in a job are organized 3) With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines skill variety? E) the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities tapping different abilities. 4) With reference to the job characteristic model, which of the following defines task identity? A) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work 5) Adam Sears is an assembly line employee with Swenson Motors. Though Adam is popular among his supervisors and colleagues. Adam experiences low morale and lack of motivation. He feels frustrated that his job is restricted to fixing nuts and bolts on the car parts. He fears that he has no chances of advancing in his career as he cannot completely assemble a car. Which of the following is true with regard to Adam? D) Adams job has low task identity 6) According to the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which . D) a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people. 7) Samantha Barnes is an emergency medical technician. Recently, during an emergency call, she was able to resuscitate a man who had a cardiac arrest. Subsequently, she spend some time
calming the 12-years-old daughter of the patient and looked after her till the rest of the patients family arrived at the hospital. Based on this description, it can be concluded that Samanthas job is high in . D) task significance 8) According to the job characteristics model, autonomy is defined as the degree to which . C) a job provides the worker freedom, independence and discretion 9) According to the job characteristics model, indicates the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance. C) feedback 10) Which of the following series of dimensions of the job characteristics model (JCM) combine to create meaningful work? E) skill variety, task identity, and task significance 11) The core dimensions of the job characteristics model can be combined into a single predictive index called . D) motivating potential score 12) Which of the following statements is true of job characteristics model? A) The operation of the model is universal and unaffected by cultural factors. B) The operation of the model is relatively individualistic in nature. c) The operation of the model requires employees to have similar skill sets. D) The operation of the model cannot be quantitatively measured. E) The operation of the model fulfils only extrinsic motivational needs. 13) Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation? A) It decreases the flexibility with which an organization can adapt to a change B) It decreases employee motivation. C) It decreases productivity in the short-run D) It decreases supervisory workload E) It decreases the flexibility in scheduling work. 14) The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level is defined as . C) Job rotation 15) A prerequisite condition for job rotation is the . C) presence of employees with similar skill sets and requirements. 16) Managers at Flavors, a restaurant chain, train their employees such that in the absence of employees, someone trained in the same skills can step in and do the job equally well. Thus, many modules in training are extensive as they provide employees with details of the skill sets required for different jobs. In practice, the lengthy training program does help the company as a well-trained and flexible workforce is at their disposal at all times. The managers at Flavors use . A) Job rotation 17) Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument of adopting job rotation? E) The company is now entering its busiest business season with multiple project deadlines. 18) Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument in favor of adopting job rotation? B) The company can enhance productivity of existing employees in various areas for different projects. 19) One of the methods of job enrichment is to expand jobs vertically. The method involves modifying the dimension of the job. B) autonomy 20)
Job enrichment is the process of . B) expansion of jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work. 21) The job characteristics model describes five dimensions of a job. A job can be enriched by modifying one or more of these five dimensions. Which of the following methods of job enrichment involves modifying skill variety and task identity dimension of a job? A) combining tasks 22) Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements to meet employee needs. Which of the following is designed to give an employee greater control of their schedule? A) flextime 23) Employees who use the flextime option have to . D) work from the office during the common core period and put in the extra hours as per their convenience. 24) An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-aweek job is called . B) Job sharing 25) Janice and Shane are both senior software analysts. They have worked together on projects for six years and get along very well. Janice is anticipating the arrival of her first child and will not be able to work on a full time basis in the future. Shane is also contemplating opening his own business as a home media installation consultant and does not want to continue to work full time. They both need some income. Which of the following alternative job structures would be the best for Janice and Shane? D) Job sharing 26) Which of the following statements is true regarding job sharing? C) It allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job. 27) Which of the following alternative work arrangements enables the organization to draw on the talents of more than one individual in a given job? E) Job sharing 28) Which of the following is the major drawback of job sharing from managements perspective? C) difficulty in finding compatible partners 29) After the training and development manager at Add Worth, Nicole Hayers, resigned, the CEO has made the priority that the position be filled soon by someone of equal expertise and experience as Nicole. Allocate the right candidate, Jennifer Ray, the HR manager, has been contacting recruitment firms, checking job sites, and pushing for referrals from the employees. However, she has only found candidates with little or no experience in the field who were willing to work full time for the position. At the next meeting with the CEO, Jennifer proposes an alternative strategy; she suggests hiring two experienced candidates who are open to the idea of handling the training needs on a part time basis as a team. The CEO listens to her proposal but is not too convinced by it. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Jennifers proposal to use work sharing for the work vacant position? C) A good proportion of the companys prized workforce comprises
employees from the baby boomer generation who are set to retire in the impending future 30) The option of working at home at least 2 days a week on a computer linked to the employers office is termed as . D) telecommuting 31) Amanda McPherson is a working mother with one child and an ailing parent to look after in addition to her duties as a wife and job responsibilities as a legal consultant. Since Amanda always felt pressed for time, the news that the consultancy she worked for would allow her to work from home two days a week came as a great relief to her. She now feels more motivated to work for the company as the company has taken into account her personal and professional needs. The company has allowed Amanda to use the option of . C) telecommuting 32) An MNC in a developing country is operating amidst severe space constraints, and the infrastructural conditions in the city are bad, causing a lot of lost man-hours. Anticipating rapid growth in the months to come, the company has created a recruitment plan based on its revenue expectations. However, it wants to manage this expansion without undertaking an expensive physical expansion. Which of the following could be a solution for the company? C) telecommuting 33) For management, the major downside of telecommuting is E) less direct supervision of employees . 34) Telecommuting is an option that suits professionals like . C) analysts 35) Which of the following factors represents the influence of social aspects of the work environment on motivation? D) Interdependence 36) The job characteristics model fails to consider the role employee motivation. plays in C) social support 37) is a participative process that uses employees input to increase their commitment to the organizations success. B) Employee involvement 38) To be effective, an employee involvement program must . B) incorporate unique the demands of different cultures. 39. Which of the following is the distinct characteristic of participative management programs? A. joint decision making 40. Participative management is a method of management where C. subordinates share a significant degree of decision making power with their immediate superiors 41. The two major forms of employee involvement are participative management and C. representative participation 42. Representative participation is characterized by E. compliance with the legal need to redistribute power within organizations 43. The two most common forms of representative participation are B. work councils 44. The main drawback of representative participation as an employee involvement measures is that C. it is primarily symbolic in its impact 45. Woodworth & Balnes is retail chain that taken up numerous measures to improve employee attitude, motivation, and organizational performance. New training programs, employee engagement initiatives, and an
employee welfare council were the three main strategies implemented as part of the employee empowerment program. Norman Kilner was one of twenty employees nominated to the employee welfare council where they were required to interact with the management to promote the interests of the employees. Additionally, the job roles of these twenty employees were vertically enhanced to give them more autonomy in the organization. However, six months into the employee empowerment program, a survey by HR revealed that work productivity had not increased by any substantial measure either. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this outcome? B. Management retained the degree of control they had in the organizational affairs 46. Which of the following is Theory X consistent with? A. the autocratic style of managing people 47. Internal equity refers to the C. worth of the job to the organization 48. The external competitiveness of an organizations pay relative to elsewhere in the industry is measured by its D. external equity 49. Bases a portion of an employees pay on some individual and/or organizational measure of performance. B. variable-pay program 50. The pay plan has long been popular as a means of compensating production workers by paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed. C. piece-rate 51. Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan? B. $ for each unit produced 52. Which of the following statements is true regarding a merit-based pay plan? C. unions typically resist merit-based pay plan 53. A pay plan pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal ratings B. merit-based 54. Daichi Inc. is a Japanese software development firm known for its high quality products. Recently, the company held its annual conference and awarded all those employees who were in the top five percent with substantial monetary rewards. Their performance was evaluated on the basis of target achievement, client feedback, and quality ratings. Employees whose performance had not changed drastically were given a minor raise and those who aired badly received no incentives. Many employees blamed the company of creating differences among employees because they felt that it would harm the company in the long run, but Daichi Inc. truly believes that to retain and motivate its best performers, a large incentive is a good step. Daichi Inc is using a(n) here D. merit-based plan 55. Which of the following represents a pay plan that rewards employees for recent performance rather than historical performance? A. bonus 56. What is an advantage of bonuses over merit-based pay plan? E. employees are rewarded for recent performance 57. In which of the following variable-pay programs is the pay level based on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do? C. skilled-based pay 58. A plan distributes compensation based on
some established formula designed around revenue of the company. D. profitsharing 59. Is a formula-based group incentive plan that uses improvements in group productivity from one period to another to determine the total amount of money allotted B gainsharing 60. Which of the following statements is true regarding gainsharing? A. gainsharing focuses on productivity gains rather than profits 61. At Dortix, a manufacturing company at the end of every quarter, the total productions of each department is calculated, compared with the predetermined targets, and the rewards for each set of divisional employees is determined this way, Dortix uses a Plan to incentivize its employees. B gainsharing 62. Which of the following variable pay programs is free from dependence on company profits? E. gainsharing 63. An advantage of the plan is that benefits accrue to groups of workers, high performing workers pressure weaker performers to work harder, improving performance for the group as a whole B.gainshairng 64. Exsell is a popular consumer goods company known for hiring the best resources and using the best technology to produce an extensive range of goods. The manufacturing units consider productivity to be the only criterion; targets are upgraded, supervised and rewarded amply. The groups with the highest productivity in each manufacturing unit owned by Exsell are incentivized using a substantial monthly monetary reward program. Of late, there have been some rumors about the company not doing very well in the market. Many claims of defective quality, declining market share, and employee unrest have been doing the rounds. However, the CEO of Exsell recently held a conference with discussion of how profit margin of a company had grown substantially but many employees were left in doubt. Which of the following, if true, would indicate the need for Exsell to replace gainsharing with profit-sharing as variable pay program for its employees? C. executives who receive and evaluate client feedback have found a lot of quality concerns with the products dispatched in recent times 65. At Esco Retail, all employees are constantly driven to work hard. The company places maximum emphasis on stoking high quality goods ad providing high quality services to retain the edge they have in the retail industry. To promote organizational commitment further, employees are incentivized by enabling them to purchase company shares at below-market prices as a part of their benefits. This mode of providing incentives represents the use of; D. employee stock ownership plans 66. Which of the following staements is tru regarding an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)? A. under this plan, employeed acquire company shares often at belowmarket prices B. there exist a strong correlation between ESOPs and employee performance C. the financial stake in the company is adequate to use ESOPs as and
effective means to motivate employees D. ESOPS are effective because, like bonuses the reward recent performance E. ESOPS are also called competency-based pay plans 67. For employee stock ownership to be effective in improving performance, they must B. be implemented such that employees physiological experience ownership 68. Individualized rewards by allowing each employee to choose the compensation package that best satisfies his or her current need and situations are called E. flexible benefits plans 69. Which of the following statement is true regarding flexible benefits D. flexible benefits can be altered to meet employee needs based on age, marital status, and number age of dependents 70. Are pedesined packages or modules of benefits, each of which meets the need of a specific group of employees A. modular plans 71. Core-plus plans consist of E. essential benefits and a menu like selection of other benefits that an employee sets apart to pay for particular benefits 72. Sally Peterson who works as na entry-level editor, wants to go dental reconstruction surgery sent a query to her HR department asking for a list preferred hospitals the HR looked through the healthcare plan which provided only minimum coverage for routine drug and vision care. Consequently, the HR manager has recently informed her that is she wishes to carry on with the dentistry procedure she will have to pay it for her own. Which of the following healthcare plans should she avail to meets her needs? C. a core plus plan 73. Flexible spending plans consist of D. pretax dollars up to the amount offered in the plan that an employee set apart to pay for particular benefits 74. Which of the following is an example of and intrinsic reward? D. employee recognition 75. Jack Holmes is a middle aged, lower level employee at an automobile service center. Though he is not paid very well, he loves his job. His supervisor speaks to him respect and he is the favored candidate for mentoring new employees because on the vast experience he holds in the job. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely being the reason Jack like his job? A. recognition 76. Which of the following statements is true regarding employee recognition? B. critics argue that employee recognition programs are highly susceptible to political manipulation by management 7 Chapter Motivation Concept (syllabus chapter 5 ( part 1) 1. Motivation is defined as the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort forward attaining a goal. E) Motivation 2. The persistence dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort. B) persistence 3. The intensity element of motivation describes how hard a person tries. D) Intensity 4. Which level of Maslows hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying ones hunger, think, and other bodily needs? B) physiological The church you go to every Sunday is made
up of people who have very different lifestyles and are a different stage in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old, singer parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45year-old woman who earns decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslows hierarchy of needs to determine what motivations each of these individuals. 5. Which of following needs would most likely motivate Joanna? C) physiological 6. Which of following needs would most likely motivate Josephine? A) social 7. Which of the following needs would motivate Jonathan the most? D) selfactualization 8. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need? B) safety 9. If we consider Maslows hierarchy of needs in the content of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong then security needs would be on top of the hierarchy. B) security 10. Which of the following needs in Maslows hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming? B) self-actualization 11.Why is Maslows theory criticized? B) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes. 12. According to Douglas McGregors Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees learn to accept responsibility. C) learn to accept responsibility 13. If Alberta is categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit? C) She will strictly control all the details of any project she is managing. 14. The two-factor theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory. E) two factor 15. Which of the following theories proposes the idea of a dual continuum? C) two factor theory 16. According to the two-factor theory, ----D) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction 17. Which of the following is a motivational factor, according to Herzbergs twofactory theory? B) recognition 18. According to the two factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor? B) quality of supervision 19. According to Herzberg, when hygiene factor are adequate, people wont be dissatisfied, but they will also bot be satisfied. E) hygiene factors 20. McClellands theory is based on which of the following needs? B) achievement, power and affiliation You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe has a high need for achievement, Mary has a high need for power, and Tim has a high need for affiliation. Sarah scored high on the need for power and low on the need for affiliation. Doug scored low on both need for power and need for affiliation. 21. Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback? A) Joe 22. Which
of these five employees is most suitable for handling your responsibilities when you are on a vacation? D) Sarah 23. Erika wants to become the head of the HR department. Although the role comes with a generous salary hike and will put her in charge of several subordinates, she is mainly pursuing this position because she believes she can do the job better than anyone else and want people to know this. According to McClellands theory of needs, which of the following needs is Erika primarily driven by in this case? B) the need for achievement 24. Which of the following statements is true according to McClellands theory of needs? A) People with a high achievement need prefer tasks that have a high level of risk. B) People with a high achievement need are interested in motivating others to do well. C) People with a high need for power and affiliation often make good managers in large firm. D) People with a high achievement need experience great satisfaction from success that come by luck. E) People with a high need for power and a low need for affiliation often make the best managers. 25. Which of the following needs, as detailed by Maslows hierarchy of needs, best corresponds to McClellands need for affiliation? B) social 26. Which of the following theories proposed that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation? D) self-determination theory 27. Which of the following statement is true regarding the cognitive evaluation theory? A) People need extrinsic rewards in order to be motivated. B) Extrinsic rewards tend to reduce intrinsic interest in a task. C) Intrinsic rewards are almost as effective as extrinsic rewards D) Externally imposed standards of work largely improved intrinsic motivation. E) Extrinsic rewards, including verbal praise, significantly decrease intrinsic motivation. 28. Selfdetermination theory proposed that in additional to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve competence and positive connections.. A) competence and positive connections 29. Rachels parents used to pay her an allowance every week to feed the cats and to do few other chores around the house. However, once her mother lost her job, her parents stopped giving her an allowance. Although Rachel quit making her bed every morning, she still continued to feed the cats. Which of the following best explain why Rachel continues to feed the cats? D) Without the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation. 30. The concept of self-concordance considers how strongly peoples reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values. C) selfconcordance 31. The investment of an employees physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance is called job engagement. C) job engagement 32.
Which of the following statement is true regarding goal-setting theory? A) Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control. B) Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback. C) Generalized goals produce a higher level of output as compared to specific goals. D) People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals. E) Assigned goals generate greater goal commitment in low rather high power-distance cultures. 33. According to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to have a stronger impact on performance when tasks are independent rather than interdependent. E) tasks are independent rather than interdependent 34. MBO emphasizes goals that are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. A) tangible, verifiable, and measurable 35. MBO provides individual employees with personal performance objectives. A) personal performance objectives 36. Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory. MBO strongly advocates participatively set goals. C) participatively set goals 37. The self-efficacy theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory. D) self-efficacy 38. Self-efficacy refers to an individuals belief that he or she capable of performing a task. C) Self-efficacy 39. According to Albert Bandura, the most important source of increasing selfefficacy is enactive mastery. D) enactive mastery 40. Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining relevant experience with a particular task or job? A) verbal persuasion B) enactive mastery C) vicarious modeling D) arousal E) cognitive learning 41. One of sources of self-efficacy is vicarious modelling, become more confident become you see someone else doing the task. D) vicarious modelling 42. With reference to the four sources of self-efficacy as proposed by Albert Bandura, verbal persuasion involves becoming more confident because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful. C) because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful 43. Which of the following ways of increasing self-efficacy is generally used by motivational speakers? E) verbal persuasion 44. The Pygmalion effect is also called the Galatea effect. C) Galatea 45. The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the Pygmalion effect, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true. B) Pygmalion effect 46. A(n) reinforcer is any consequence, immediately following a response, that increases the probability that the behaviour will be repeated. B) reinforcer 47. The proponents of reinforcement theory view behaviour as environmentally caused. B) environmentally caused 48. Operant conditioning theory argues that people learn to behave to get something they want or to avoid something they dont want. D) Operant conditioning theory 49. To get the
best results while using reinforcement theory, rewards should be given immediately following the desired behaviour. D) immediately given following the desired behaviour 50. Helen, a high school teacher, wants her student to actively participate more in class. She has decided to use reinforcement theory to get the required results. Which of the following methods is she most likely to use? A) She is going to call on students who never participate. B) She is going to yell at students, telling them they are not making good grades. C) She is going to ask the students that always participate to allow the others to have a chance. D) She is going to model what active participation should look like, at the beginning of the class. E) She is going to give students an extra mark each time that they contribute. 51. The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of behaviourism, which argues that behaviour follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner. D) behaviourism 52. What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behaviour? E) It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables. 53. According to social learning theory, which of the following process demonstrates whether an individual is capable of performing the modelled activities? C) motor reproduction process 54. George is trying to teach his two-year old son to gently caress their cat. George softly strokes the animal and every time his son does the same, he rewards him with kind words like good job! The child is very attentive during the process and claps his hands when his father praises him. However, as soon as George leaves, the boy lunges for the cat and grabs it by the tail. Which process of social learning theory is falling? C) retention processes 55. In equity theory, individuals asses the outcome-input ratio. D) outcome-input ratio 56. Karen graduated from college four years ago and has been working at Betaphy Inc. ever since. She has consistently received good performance evaluations for the quality of her work. She recently found out that her company hired a fresh college graduate with no experience at a salary higher than hers. Which of the following theories will Karen most likely use to evaluation the situation? C) equity 57. According to the equity theory, there are four referent comparisons. The referent comparison known as other-inside refers to another individual or group of individuals inside the employees organisation. C) another individual or group of individuals inside the employees organisation 58. Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to an employees experiences in a different position inside the employees current organization. A) an employees experiences in a different position inside the employees current organization 59. Other-outside is a referent comparison that refers to another individual or group of individual outside the
employees organization. D) another individual or group of individual outside the employees organization 60. Jim is a salaried employee whose job is to develop content for online web sites. He discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and levels of performance are very similar. According the equity theory, what impact is this discovery most likely to have on his behaviour and performance? A) He will reduce the amount of work that he does on a daily basis. B) He will compare his earnings to those of another group of employees. C) He will increase his productivity and/or the overall quality of his work. D) He will seek a position with the company commensurate with his pay. E) He will begin to look for a position outside of the company. Magan graduated from college three years ago and has been working at Sterba Inc. ever since. A conscientious employee, she has consistently received good performance evaluations. She recently found out that a younger colleague, who was just recruited to her team, is drawing a higher salary than she is for doing the same type of work. 61. Following this discovery, Magan starts coming to work late and her productivity begin to suffer. Which of the following is most similar to the scenario mentioned above? A) Dawn starts coming to works early and stays late once she learns that the mid-term reviews is around the corner. B) Greg believes he works harder than any of the other members in his department as they often leave the office before him. C) Lisa starts working longer hours after learning that her co-workers earn less than she does for the same work. D) Myrtle produces a higher number of units to compensate for the lower quality of her output. E) Beth submits her resignation after she was passed over for promotion for the second time. 62. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by distorting her perception of herself? A) She thinks that her colleague is paid more because she is an Ivy League graduate. B) She believes that she is less-capable than her colleague. C) She assumes that her colleague received a higher package due to change in industry standards. D) She believes that her salary is not commensurate with her skills and experience. E) She believes that she is doing a lot better career-wise compared to the people with whom she graduated. 63. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by changing her inputs? A) She asks her boss for a raise, citing her years of experience with the company. B) She claims that extrinsic rewards make work seem like a chore and less enjoyable. C) She accepts additional responsibilities but fails to carry them out effectively. D) She takes long breaks from work and shirks her responsibilities. E) She constantly interrupts her colleague, refusing to let her get any work done. 64. Jackie thinks that she is paid
a lot less than other employees in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wastes time. Her actions resulted from a perceived lack of distributive justice. D) distributive 65. Edith believes that the methods for determining the salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of procedural justice. D) procedural 66. Which of the following types of justice relates most strongly to job satisfaction, employees trust, withdrawal from the organization, job performance, and citizenship behaviours? A) associative justice B) interactional justice C) distributive justice D) procedural justice E) integrative justice 67. Why do people who perceive themselves as victims of interactional injustice often blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large? A) interactional justice or injustice is intimately tied to the conveyer of the information. 68. Which of the following theories discuss three relationships: effortperformance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship? D) expectancy theory 69. Logan is an employee who processes health insurance forms. Initially he was criticized by his supervisor for sloppy work, but thereafter he improved considerably. Now he consistently processes his forms without errors and even does more than his fair share of work. However, Logans supervisor has not responded to the extra effort he has put in, giving him no praise or monetary benefits. This leads Logan to believe that his supervisor is biased against him. According to the expectancy theory, in this situation, there is a problems in the performance-reward relationship. C) performance-reward 70. Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the companys top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional managers friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory, Oscars dissatisfaction with his current job stems from a breakdown in the performance-reward relationship. A) performance-reward 71. According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes. A) the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes 72. Mark is an excellent technical writer. He has never missed a deadline and all his project are of superior quality. He now wants to telecommute two days a week, so that he can spend more time with his family. He feels that he has proven his reliability. However, his boss is unable to comply with his request and gives him a substantial raise instead. According to the expectancy theory, Marks disappointment demonstrates a breakdown in the rewards-personal goals relationship. C) rewards-personal goals 73. With reference to the expectancy theory,
which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship? A) An employee lacks the skills required to reach the desired performance level. B) An organizations appraisal system assesses non-performance factors such as creativity and initiative C) An organization rewards its employees based on factors such as seniority and skill level. D) An employee believes that his manager does not like him and hence expects a poor appraisal. E) An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing 74. If a manager incorrectly assumes that all employees want the same thing, then according to the expectancy theory. It is most likely to result in a week rewardspersonal goals relationship. D) rewards-personal goals Rachel's parents used to pay her an allowance every week to feed the cats and to do a few other chores around the house. However,
Which of the following statements is true regarding power? a) The greater A's dependence on B, the greater A's power in the relationship. b) A can have power over B only if A is B's leader. E c) A is said to have power over B if B controls something that A desires. d) A can have power over B only when A and B have similar goals. e) If A has the capacity to influence the behavior of B, then A is said to have power over B. Which of the following is a differentiating factor between power and leadership? a) ability b) goal compatibility B c) influence d) control e) negative affect Which of the following is a feature of power? a) lack of goal compatibility between leaders and followers b) lack of dependence of followers A c) lack of control on behavior of followers d) use of positive styles over negative tactics e) downward influence of leader on followers In the last one week, Reyes Jiang and Kohei Suzuki have been putting in extra hours at work so that the project assigned to them by their manager is completed well within time. Though the manager was due to assign two more people for this project, he had not done so. As a result, Reyes and Kohei, who were having to do double their routine workload, went and complained to the division manager. Reyes was promptly suspended from work for complaining about her immediate supervisor. This represents the operation of ________ power. B a) referent b) coercive c) expert d) legitimate e) reward As a regional sales officer, one of Brandon's job responsibilities is to process the yearly appraisal forms of his subordinates and provide them with increments, bonuses, or benefits A based on their performance that year. This job responsibility directly reflects his ________.
a) reward power b) coercive power c) active power d) expert power e) referent power At the PR firm where Gerald works, everyone considers him to be very good with his work and depends heavily on his knowledge to help the organization to solve its problems. Gerald is often seen teaching interns a simpler way to present an article, helping project managers with scheduling, and even the CEO often asks him for his opinion on important matter because of his experience and skill. Gerald's specialized knowledge depicts his ________. E a) coercive power b) legitimate power c) reward power d) referent power e) expert power Ahmed Ali was the manager of a team of twelve people in the marketing division of Palmer Inc. Ahmed, who was working in the company for eleven years, was held in high regard and liked by all his colleagues and subordinates. However, Murat and Sanchayan, two of his subordinates, were noted for flouting his rules and directives frequently. They continued behaving in this manner even after Ahmed had categorically requested them to refrain from upsetting the momentum of the team. Which of the following, if true, would best explain Murat and Sanchayan's continued noncompliance with Ahmed's requests? 1 pts a) Ahmed was uncomfortable exercising coercive measures to control employees. A b) The promotions and bonuses of the team members depended heavily on Ahmed's performance ratings. c) Ahmed was considered an expert at analyzing market trends and making accurate projections about demand and revenue. d) The company had provided Ahmed with additional duties and he was left with little time to ensure that his team members performed well. e) Ahmed believed that since the job demands in marketing were ambiguous and everchanging, a supportive approach to leadership would suffice. Which of the following types of power is most likely to be negatively related to employee satisfaction and commitment? a) expert power b) referent power C c) coercive power d) reward power e) legitimate power Levin and Co. is a group of oil refineries that has been in the news recently. The company had to stop production for over two weeks because their key supplier refused to sell them crude oil at the old prices. Even after rounds of negotiations, the supplier refused to give in to the demands of Levin and Co. and finally, the company had to acquire the raw material from the A same supplier because alternative suppliers, though abundant, could not provide the quantities the company demanded at such short notice. This shows the role of ________ in increasing the power one enjoys.
a) dependence b) exchange c) substitutability d) abundance e) alternatives Carl believes that he is lucky to be working under a manager like Mr. Parker - conscientious, flexible and easy to work with. It was Mr. Parker who helped Carl learn the demands of the job, gave him opportunities to learn from the mistakes he made, and always provided sound advice. Mr. Parker, who is in the field for over eighteen years, never made Carl feel like a novice and this only increased Carl's personal confidence in his work and his loyalty toward his manager. Carl, who is now doing very well on the job, aims to be a manager like Mr. Parker. D From the scenario, which of the following conclusions can be drawn? a) Carl has a low degree of trust propensity. b) Mr. Parker exercises a high degree of coercive power. c) Mr. Parker engages in a lot of ingratiation. d) Mr. Parker has a high degree of referent power. e) Mr. Parker is an authoritarian manager. Rational persuasion is a power tactic that involves the use of ________. a) logical arguments and factual evidence b) warnings, repeated demands, and threats A c) emotions to target the values, needs, and hopes of the other party d) benefits or favors in exchange for following a request e) formal authority Which of the following statements is true with regard to the effectiveness of tactics? a) The combination of a soft tactic with reasonable persuasion is more effective than a combination of two hard tactics. b) All tactics are equally effective with regard to upward influence. c) Individuals from individualistic cultures are typically more likely to use coalition and other A hard power tactics. d) Soft tactics are less effective than hard tactics when used individually. e) Individuals from collectivist cultures are typically more likely to use soft tactics that reflect personal power. Connie Reingold works as a junior market analyst at SPS Services. Her previous manager retired a couple of months back and she now has a younger male manager who repeatedly insists that she accompany him for a coffee or dinner after work. Initially, Connie was unsuspecting and refused because she did not have the time for such engagements during weekdays. Later, when her manager's requests became frequent, she grew uncomfortable and told him firmly that she was not interested in him and his attempts were not welcome. She realized that this step may backfire because as her superior, he had complete control over her C appraisals, bonuses, and promotions and her manager even told her that if she does not agree, he will "find other ways." Connie's experiences is best described as ________. a) ambient abuse b) domestic abuse c) sexual harassment d) scapegoating e) whistle-blowing
Political behaviors usually ________. a) are seen only in large organizations b) are counterproductive to individual goals E c) are expected as part of each job requirement d) are sanctioned by organizational leaders e) lie outside of an individual's specified job requirements Which of the following factors contributes to political behavior in the organization? a) perception that gains of one group are not at the expense of the loss incurred by another group b) existence of uniform goals and interests among all employees C c) presence of limited resources in the organization d) presence of pure and objective facts e) provision of clear and objective performance outcomes The Machiavellian personality is characterized by the will to manipulate and the desire for power. A a) True b) False Under the zero-sum approach, any gain one person or group achieves has to come at the expense of another person or group. A a) True b) False Which of the following is an organizational factor that increases illegitimate political behavior? a) low expectations of success b) high trust c) low organizational investment d) zero-sum reward practice e) internal locus of control
1) Which of the following is best defined as a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, which functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals? A.Party B.Unit C.Community D.Organization 2) Over the past 2 decades, business schools have added required courses on organizational design to many of their curricula. Why have they done this? A. Managers no longer need technical skills in subjects such as economics and accounting to succeed. B. Managers need to understand human behavior if they are to be effective. C. These skills enable managers to effectively lead human resources departments. D. A manager with good interpersonal skills can help create a pleasant workplace. 3) Robert Katz identified three essential skills that managers must have to reach their goals. What are these skills? A. Technical, decisional, and interpersonal B. Technical, human, and conceptual C. Interpersonal, informational, and decisional D. Human, informational, and communication 4) __________ is a field of study that investigates the effect that individuals, groups, and
structures have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. A. Corporate tactics B. Human resources management C. Organizational behavior D. Corporate strategy 5) What do the fundamental consistencies underlying the behavior of all individuals enable researchers to do? A. Observe human behavior. B. Research human behavior. C. Predict human behavior. D. Detect human behavior. 6) Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience? A. Affect B. Emotions C. Moods D. Emotional labor 7) What term is used for intense feelings that are directed at someone or something? A. Affect B. Cognition C. Thoughts D. Emotions 8) If personality characteristics were completely dictated by __________, they would be fixed at birth and no amount of experience could alter them. A. job satisfaction B. heredity C. environment D. situational factors 9) Which of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? A. Extroverted, intuitive, judging, independent B. Extroverted, sensing, judging, thinking C. Extroverted, judging, independent, feeling D. Sensing, perceiving, dependent, feeling 10) Maria is dissatisfied with the way that her manager treats her. She has quit her job and found a new position with another firm. How has she expressed her dissatisfaction? A. Exit B. Voice C. Neglect D. Loyalty 11) You quietly continue to do your work when you know things will not improve. This is what type of response to dissatisfaction? A. Exit B. Voice C. Loyalty D. Neglect 12) A group A. generates positive synergy through coordinated effort B. generates greater outputs with no increase in inputs C. is two or more individuals interacting and interdependent D. engages in collective work that requires joint effort 13) __________ results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual input. A. Synergy B. Enthusiasm C. Energy D. Initiative 14) What happens in the second stage of Tuckman's five stage model of group development? A. Close relationships are developed. B. The group demonstrates cohesiveness. C. Intragroup conflict often occurs. D. Groups disband. 15) Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion, but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Zach would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. It is likely that Zach is experiencing which of the following: A. Role conflict B. Role expectation C. Role perception D. Role identity 16) Which role focuses on bringing about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans?
A. Leadership B. Management C. Task structure D. Initiating structure 17) Which statement regarding leadership is true? A. Formal rights enable managers to lead effectively. B. All managers are leaders. C. All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers. D. Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as or more important than formal influence. 18) What are three situational criteria identified in the Fiedler model? A. Charisma, influence, and leader-member relations B. Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power C. Task structure, leadership ability, and group conflict D. Emotional intelligence, group orientation, and employee status 7 Chapter Motivation Concept (syllabus chapter 5 ( part 1) 1. Motivation is defined as the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort forward attaining a goal. E) Motivation 2. The persistence dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort. B) persistence 3. The intensity element of motivation describes how hard a person tries. D) Intensity 4. Which level of Maslows hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying ones hunger, think, and other bodily needs? B) physiological The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are a different stage in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old, singer parent who works for minimum wage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45year-old woman who earns decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslows hierarchy of needs to determine what motivations each of these individuals. 5. Which of following needs would most likely motivate Joanna? C) physiological 6. Which of following needs would most likely motivate Josephine? A) social 7. Which of the following needs would motivate Jonathan the most? D) selfactualization 8. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need? B) safety 9. If we consider Maslows hierarchy of needs in the content of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong then security needs would be on top of the hierarchy. B) security 10. Which of the following needs in Maslows hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming? B) self-actualization 11.Why is Maslows theory criticized? B) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes. 12. According to Douglas McGregors Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees learn to accept responsibility. C) learn to accept responsibility 13. If Alberta is categorized as a Theory X manager, which of the following behaviors is she most likely to exhibit? C) She will strictly control all the details of any project she is
managing. 14. The two-factor theory is also called motivation-hygiene theory. E) two factor 15. Which of the following theories proposes the idea of a dual continuum? C) two factor theory 16. According to the two-factor theory, ----D) the aspects that lead to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction 17. Which of the following is a motivational factor, according to Herzbergs twofactory theory? B) recognition 18. According to the two factor theory proposed by Herzberg, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor? B) quality of supervision 19. According to Herzberg, when hygiene factor are adequate, people wont be dissatisfied, but they will also bot be satisfied. E) hygiene factors 20. McClellands theory is based on which of the following needs? B) achievement, power and affiliation You manage a department of five employees. You have identified that Joe has a high need for achievement, Mary has a high need for power, and Tim has a high need for affiliation. Sarah scored high on the need for power and low on the need for affiliation. Doug scored low on both need for power and need for affiliation. 21. Which of these five employees is most likely to be suitable for a new assignment that involves a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback? A) Joe 22. Which of these five employees is most suitable for handling your responsibilities when you are on a vacation? D) Sarah 23. Erika wants to become the head of the HR department. Although the role comes with a generous salary hike and will put her in charge of several subordinates, she is mainly pursuing this position because she believes she can do the job better than anyone else and want people to know this. According to McClellands theory of needs, which of the following needs is Erika primarily driven by in this case? B) the need for achievement 24. Which of the following statements is true according to McClellands theory of needs? A) People with a high achievement need prefer tasks that have a high level of risk. B) People with a high achievement need are interested in motivating others to do well. C) People with a high need for power and affiliation often make good managers in large firm. D) People with a high achievement need experience great satisfaction from success that come by luck. E) People with a high need for power and a low need for affiliation often make the best managers. 25. Which of the following needs, as detailed by Maslows hierarchy of needs, best corresponds to McClellands need for affiliation? B) social 26. Which of the following theories proposed that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation? D) self-determination theory 27. Which of the following statement is true regarding the cognitive evaluation theory? A) People need extrinsic rewards in
order to be motivated. B) Extrinsic rewards tend to reduce intrinsic interest in a task. C) Intrinsic rewards are almost as effective as extrinsic rewards D) Externally imposed standards of work largely improved intrinsic motivation. E) Extrinsic rewards, including verbal praise, significantly decrease intrinsic motivation. 28. Selfdetermination theory proposed that in additional to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve competence and positive connections.. A) competence and positive connections 29. Rachels parents used to pay her an allowance every week to feed the cats and to do few other chores around the house. However, once her mother lost her job, her parents stopped giving her an allowance. Although Rachel quit making her bed every morning, she still continued to feed the cats. Which of the following best explain why Rachel continues to feed the cats? D) Without the extrinsic reward, the execution of the task relies on internal motivation. 30. The concept of self-concordance considers how strongly peoples reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values. C) selfconcordance 31. The investment of an employees physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance is called job engagement. C) job engagement 32. Which of the following statement is true regarding goal-setting theory? A) Goal commitment is more likely when individuals have an external locus of control. B) Externally generated feedback is more powerful than self-generated feedback. C) Generalized goals produce a higher level of output as compared to specific goals. D) People do better when they get feedback on how well they are progressing toward their goals. E) Assigned goals generate greater goal commitment in low rather high power-distance cultures. 33. According to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to have a stronger impact on performance when tasks are independent rather than interdependent. E) tasks are independent rather than interdependent 34. MBO emphasizes goals that are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. A) tangible, verifiable, and measurable 35. MBO provides individual employees with personal performance objectives. A) personal performance objectives 36. Unlike in the case of goal-setting theory. MBO strongly advocates participatively set goals. C) participatively set goals 37. The self-efficacy theory is also known as the social cognitive theory or the social learning theory. D) self-efficacy 38. Self-efficacy refers to an individuals belief that he or she capable of performing a task. C) Self-efficacy 39. According to Albert Bandura, the most important source of increasing selfefficacy is enactive mastery. D) enactive mastery 40. Which of the following sources of increasing self-efficacy involves gaining relevant experience with a particular task or job? A) verbal persuasion B) enactive mastery C) vicarious modeling D) arousal E)
cognitive learning 41. One of sources of self-efficacy is vicarious modelling, become more confident become you see someone else doing the task. D) vicarious modelling 42. With reference to the four sources of self-efficacy as proposed by Albert Bandura, verbal persuasion involves becoming more confident because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful. C) because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to be successful 43. Which of the following ways of increasing self-efficacy is generally used by motivational speakers? E) verbal persuasion 44. The Pygmalion effect is also called the Galatea effect. C) Galatea 45. The best way for a manager to use verbal persuasion is through the Pygmalion effect, a form of self-fulfilling prophecy in which believing something can make it true. B) Pygmalion effect 46. A(n) reinforcer is any consequence, immediately following a response, that increases the probability that the behaviour will be repeated. B) reinforcer 47. The proponents of reinforcement theory view behaviour as environmentally caused. B) environmentally caused 48. Operant conditioning theory argues that people learn to behave to get something they want or to avoid something they dont want. D) Operant conditioning theory 49. To get the best results while using reinforcement theory, rewards should be given immediately following the desired behaviour. D) immediately given following the desired behaviour 50. Helen, a high school teacher, wants her student to actively participate more in class. She has decided to use reinforcement theory to get the required results. Which of the following methods is she most likely to use? A) She is going to call on students who never participate. B) She is going to yell at students, telling them they are not making good grades. C) She is going to ask the students that always participate to allow the others to have a chance. D) She is going to model what active participation should look like, at the beginning of the class. E) She is going to give students an extra mark each time that they contribute. 51. The concept of operant conditioning is a part of the broader concept of behaviourism, which argues that behaviour follows stimuli in a relatively unthinking manner. D) behaviourism 52. What is the limitation of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behaviour? E) It does not recognize the effect of cognitive variables. 53. According to social learning theory, which of the following process demonstrates whether an individual is capable of performing the modelled activities? C) motor reproduction process 54. George is trying to teach his two-year old son to gently caress their cat. George softly strokes the animal and every time his son does the same, he rewards him with kind words like good job! The child is very attentive during the process and claps his hands when his father praises him. However, as
soon as George leaves, the boy lunges for the cat and grabs it by the tail. Which process of social learning theory is falling? C) retention processes 55. In equity theory, individuals asses the outcome-input ratio. D) outcome-input ratio 56. Karen graduated from college four years ago and has been working at Betaphy Inc. ever since. She has consistently received good performance evaluations for the quality of her work. She recently found out that her company hired a fresh college graduate with no experience at a salary higher than hers. Which of the following theories will Karen most likely use to evaluation the situation? C) equity 57. According to the equity theory, there are four referent comparisons. The referent comparison known as other-inside refers to another individual or group of individuals inside the employees organisation. C) another individual or group of individuals inside the employees organisation 58. Self-inside, one of the four referent comparisons in the equity theory, refers to an employees experiences in a different position inside the employees current organization. A) an employees experiences in a different position inside the employees current organization 59. Other-outside is a referent comparison that refers to another individual or group of individual outside the employees organization. D) another individual or group of individual outside the employees organization 60. Jim is a salaried employee whose job is to develop content for online web sites. He discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and levels of performance are very similar. According the equity theory, what impact is this discovery most likely to have on his behaviour and performance? A) He will reduce the amount of work that he does on a daily basis. B) He will compare his earnings to those of another group of employees. C) He will increase his productivity and/or the overall quality of his work. D) He will seek a position with the company commensurate with his pay. E) He will begin to look for a position outside of the company. Magan graduated from college three years ago and has been working at Sterba Inc. ever since. A conscientious employee, she has consistently received good performance evaluations. She recently found out that a younger colleague, who was just recruited to her team, is drawing a higher salary than she is for doing the same type of work. 61. Following this discovery, Magan starts coming to work late and her productivity begin to suffer. Which of the following is most similar to the scenario mentioned above? A) Dawn starts coming to works early and stays late once she learns that the mid-term reviews is around the corner. B) Greg believes he works harder than any of the other members in his department as they often leave the office before him. C) Lisa starts working longer hours after learning that her co-workers earn less than she does for the same work.
D) Myrtle produces a higher number of units to compensate for the lower quality of her output. E) Beth submits her resignation after she was passed over for promotion for the second time. 62. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by distorting her perception of herself? A) She thinks that her colleague is paid more because she is an Ivy League graduate. B) She believes that she is less-capable than her colleague. C) She assumes that her colleague received a higher package due to change in industry standards. D) She believes that her salary is not commensurate with her skills and experience. E) She believes that she is doing a lot better career-wise compared to the people with whom she graduated. 63. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen the argument that Megan is trying to gain a sense of equity by changing her inputs? A) She asks her boss for a raise, citing her years of experience with the company. B) She claims that extrinsic rewards make work seem like a chore and less enjoyable. C) She accepts additional responsibilities but fails to carry them out effectively. D) She takes long breaks from work and shirks her responsibilities. E) She constantly interrupts her colleague, refusing to let her get any work done. 64. Jackie thinks that she is paid a lot less than other employees in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wastes time. Her actions resulted from a perceived lack of distributive justice. D) distributive 65. Edith believes that the methods for determining the salary hikes and bonuses in her company are extremely unfair. In this case, Edith perceives a lack of procedural justice. D) procedural 66. Which of the following types of justice relates most strongly to job satisfaction, employees trust, withdrawal from the organization, job performance, and citizenship behaviours? A) associative justice B) interactional justice C) distributive justice D) procedural justice E) integrative justice 67. Why do people who perceive themselves as victims of interactional injustice often blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large? A) interactional justice or injustice is intimately tied to the conveyer of the information. 68. Which of the following theories discuss three relationships: effortperformance relationship, performance-reward relationship, and rewards-personal goals relationship? D) expectancy theory 69. Logan is an employee who processes health insurance forms. Initially he was criticized by his supervisor for sloppy work, but thereafter he improved considerably. Now he consistently processes his forms without errors and even does more than his fair share of work. However, Logans supervisor has not responded to the extra effort he has put in, giving him no praise or monetary benefits. This leads Logan to believe that his supervisor is biased against him. According to the expectancy theory, in this
situation, there is a problems in the performance-reward relationship. C) performance-reward 70. Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the companys top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional managers friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory, Oscars dissatisfaction with his current job stems from a breakdown in the performance-reward relationship. A) performance-reward 71. According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes. A) the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes 72. Mark is an excellent technical writer. He has never missed a deadline and all his project are of superior quality. He now wants to telecommute two days a week, so that he can spend more time with his family. He feels that he has proven his reliability. However, his boss is unable to comply with his request and gives him a substantial raise instead. According to the expectancy theory, Marks disappointment demonstrates a breakdown in the rewards-personal goals relationship. C) rewards-personal goals 73. With reference to the expectancy theory, which of the following examples indicates a weak rewards-personal goals relationship? A) An employee lacks the skills required to reach the desired performance level. B) An organizations appraisal system assesses non-performance factors such as creativity and initiative C) An organization rewards its employees based on factors such as seniority and skill level. D) An employee believes that his manager does not like him and hence expects a poor appraisal. E) An employee works hard in order to be relocated to the Paris office but instead is transferred to Beijing 74. If a manager incorrectly assumes that all employees want the same thing, then according to the expectancy theory. It is most likely to result in a week rewardspersonal goals relationship. D) rewards-personal goals Organizational Behavior, 15e (Robbins/Judge) Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 1) ________ are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible for attaining goals in organizations. A) Assistants B) Managers C) Secretaries D) Interns E) Apprentices Answer: B
Explanation: B) Managers are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible for attaining goals in organizations. They make decisions, allocate resources, and get work done by other people. Page Ref: 5, 6 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations 2) Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decides what tasks related to creating awareness about the issue need to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking? A) planning B) organizing C) scrutinizing D) controlling E) envisioning Answer: B Explanation: B) Managers are responsible for designing an organization's structure. This function is called organizing. It includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. Page Ref: 6 LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Application
3) Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under? A) planning B) organizing C) scrutinizing D) evaluating E) leading Answer: E Explanation: E) The leading function of managers involves motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, or resolving conflicts among members. Page Ref: 6 LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations 4) Lesley Torres is a project manager for the campaign "Action against Deforestation in Indonesia". She recently faced a glitch when the campaign could not be launched publicly according to schedule. Torres monitored the schedule to find the cause of the delay, before speeding up the implementation process by allocating more members for the implementation phase. By doing this, which of the following functions is she performing? A) controlling B) planning C) formulating D) leading E) organizing Answer: A Explanation: A) To ensure things are going as they should, management must monitor the organization's performance and compare it with previously set goals. If there are any significant deviations, it is management's job to get the organization back on track. Tasks which involve monitoring, comparing, and potential correcting are part of the controlling function. Page Ref: 6 LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Application
5) Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions? A) defining an organization's goals B) implementing strategies for achieving goals C) executing plans to integrate activities D) accomplishing goals of a project E) employing strategies to coordinate tasks Answer: A Explanation: A) The planning function encompasses defining an organization's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Page Ref: 6 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 6) According to Henry Mintzberg, a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________. A) leader B) figurehead C) resource allocator D) negotiator E) disturbance handler Answer: B Explanation: B) According to Henry Mintzberg, a figurehead is a symbolic head who is required to perform a number of routine duties of a legal or social nature. Page Ref: 6, 7 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 7) Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets, and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing? A) leader B) liaison C) disseminator D) spokesperson E) negotiator Answer: A Explanation: A) A leadership role comprises hiring, training, motivating, and disciplining employees. Page Ref: 6, 7 LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate
Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Summarize the major theories of and approaches to leadership
8) Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles? A) figurehead B) leader C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) resource allocator Answer: C Explanation: C) The liaison role involves maintaining a network of contacts who provide favors and information. Page Ref: 6, 7 LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application 9) Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles? A) figurehead B) leader C) symbol head D) monitor E) spokesperson Answer: D Explanation: D) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the monitor role comprises collecting information from external organizations and institutions, typically by scanning the news media, talking with other people to learn about changes in the public's tastes, what competitors may be planning, and so forth. Page Ref: 7 LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations
10) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. A) entrepreneur B) resource allocator C) spokesperson D) leader E) disseminator Answer: E Explanation: E) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a disseminator is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. Page Ref: 6,7 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 11) The role of a(n) ________, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and one which serves as an expert in the organization's industry. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) leader E) liaison Answer: A Explanation: A) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a spokesperson is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and one which serves as an expert in the organization's industry. Page Ref: 7 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 12) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change. A) spokesperson B) disturbance handler C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) negotiator Answer: C Explanation: C) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, an entrepreneur searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change. Page Ref: 7 LO: 2
Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept
13) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets. A) disseminator B) liaison C) entrepreneur D) resource allocator E) entrepreneur Answer: D Explanation: D) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a resource allocator is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets. Page Ref: 7 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations 14) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role? A) monitor B) disseminator C) spokesperson D) entrepreneur E) liaison Answer: E Explanation: E) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a liaison is a kind of interpersonal role which involves maintaining a network of outside contacts who provide favors and information. Page Ref: 6, 7 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 15) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of decisional role? A) negotiator B) disseminator C) liaison D) spokesperson E) monitor Answer: A Explanation: A) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a negotiator is a kind of decisional role which involves representing the organization at major negotiations. Page Ref: 7, 8 LO: 2
Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations
16) The role of a ________ is a type of informational role according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles. A) figurehead B) disseminator C) liaison D) entrepreneur E) negotiator Answer: B Explanation: B) According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a disseminator is a type of informational role which involves transmitting information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. Page Ref: 7 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 17) Which of the following is true of technical skills? A) They can be learned only through formal education. B) They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge. C) They are not required at all kinds of jobs. D) They are monopolized by professionals. E) They comprise the ability to understand and motivate people. Answer: B Explanation: B) Technical skills encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. All jobs require some specialized expertise, and many people develop their technical skills on the job. Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 18) The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________ . A) human skills B) technical skills C) conceptual skills D) cognitive skills E) analytical skills Answer: A Explanation: A) The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as human skills. Managers get things done through other people, and it is crucial for them to have good human skills. Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept
19) Melissa Woods was recently hired as the campaign manager at an environmental organization. She has a degree in environmental sustainability and possesses substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming. She has the knowledge to lead the public relations team of the organization. However, a few months later, the board of directors of the organization expressed dissatisfaction with Melissa's performance and asked her to resign. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) Melissa had no prior experience in research and development. B) Melissa had weak interpersonal and networking skills to run the project. C) Melissa focused on the results her team achieved rather than how they achieved those results. D) Melissa is not up-to-date about the feasibility of using different modes of renewable energy. E) Melissa had a diverse network of contacts established from her previous job. Answer: B Explanation: B) The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, defines human skills. Many people are technically proficient but poor listeners, unable to understand the needs of others, or weak at managing conflicts. Since managers get things done through other people, they must have good human skills. Though Melissa had substantial knowledge about the issue of global warming, her weak interpersonal and networking skills explain why she was unable to lead the public relations team efficiently. Melissa having no prior experience in research and development plays no role in explaining why she was unable to lead the public relations team. Melissa focusing on the results her team achieved rather than how they achieved them does not indicate her underperformance in any way. In addition, Melissa not being up-to-date about the feasibility of using different modes of renewable energy indicates a lack of theoretical knowledge and not the inability to lead a public relations team. Melissa having a diverse network of contacts established from her previous job works against the situation because it would actually help Melissa in her job. Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 AACSB: Reflective Thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 20) Joann Hayes is currently working on a project to tackle climate change. During the project, she needs to find different options to replace the use of non-renewable energy and check the feasibility of different renewable energy options before choosing the most practical one. Which of the following skills does Hayes primarily need to use for these tasks? A) human skills B) interpersonal skills C) conceptual skills D) communication skills E) interactive skills Answer: C Explanation: C) Managers must have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. These tasks require conceptual skills. The ability to integrate new ideas with existing processes and innovate on the job are also crucial conceptual skills for today's managers. Page Ref: 8
LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Application
21) 360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, the interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong networking and interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Laura's argument? A) Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job. B) Jessica will need to prepare extensive reports about the issue of climate change. C) The role will require Jessica to give presentations to environmental experts on renewable modes of energy. D) Jessica had negligible experience in research and development. E) Jessica has weak analytical skills to solve problems associated with implementing options of renewable energy. Answer: A Explanation: A) The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, defines human skills. Many people are technically proficient but poor listeners, unable to understand the needs of others, or weak at managing conflicts. Gaining the support of corporate giants being a large part of the public relations job would require strong networking and interpersonal skills, which according to Laura, Jessica has. This would strengthen Laura's argument. The task of preparing extensive reports does not involve any networking skills and thus would not in any way strengthen Laura's argument. Giving presentations to environmental experts would require Laura to have in-depth knowledge of global warming and does not involve networking skills. Jessica having negligible experience in research and development and weak analytical skills to solve problems associated with implementing options of renewable energy does not require networking skills, and thus, does not strengthen Laura's argument. Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 AACSB: Reflective Thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
22) 360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, the interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Laura's argument? A) Jessica was unable to fare well in the written test which analyzed her conceptual skills. B) Jessica listened intently to the interviewers' questions before answering them. C) Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job. D) Jessica was very friendly and courteous with the receptionist while greeting her. E) Jessica was high on confidence about getting the job because of her strong networking skills. Answer: C Explanation: C) The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, defines human skills. Many people are technically proficient but poor listeners, unable to understand the needs of others, or weak at managing conflicts. If Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job, it weakens Laura's argument that Jessica has strong interpersonal skills. Jessica being unable to fare well in the written test which analyzed her conceptual skills does not indicate Jessica's networking skills, and thus does not weaken Laura's argument. Jessica listening intently to the interviewers' questions before answering them and greeting the receptionist indicates that she had good interpersonal skills. This strengthens Laura's argument. Jessica being high on confidence about getting the job because of her strong networking skills is irrelevant to the argument. Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 AACSB: Reflective Thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 23) According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks? A) motivating B) socializing C) decision making D) training E) politicking Answer: C Explanation: C) Fred Luthans and his associates studied more than 450 managers who were all engaged in four managerial activities of traditional management, communication, human resource management, and networking. Activities in traditional management involved decision making, planning, and controlling. Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept
24) According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. A) networking B) decision making C) planning D) controlling E) staffing Answer: A Explanation: A) According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, networking made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. Human resource management activities made the least relative contribution Page Ref: 8, 9 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 25) According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers which are involved in networking activities are most likely to undertake which of the following? A) planning B) decision making C) controlling D) politicking E) staffing Answer: D Explanation: D) Fred Luthans and his associates studied more than 450 managers who were all engaged in four managerial activities of traditional management, communication,human resource management, and networking. Networking activities are comprised of socializing, politicking, and interacting with outsiders. Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 26) Which of the following best defines organizational behavior? A) It involves the study of groups of people coming together for collective bargaining. B) It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output. C) It involves analyzing different people in an industry with independent profit-centered motives. D) It involves developing exclusively the knowledge of managers and senior -level employees. E) It is a field which is not influenced by factors in the external world. Answer: B Explanation: B) Organizational behavior refers to the study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization's performance. Page Ref: 10 LO: 3
Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
27) Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study? A) profits B) job satisfaction C) perks D) individuals E) collective bargaining Answer: D Explanation: D) Organizational behavior studies the three determinants of behavior in organizations. These are comprised of individuals, groups, and structure. In addition, OB applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively. Page Ref: 10 LO: 3 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 28) Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects? A) intuitive data B) feelings C) scientific data D) instinct E) premonition Answer: C Explanation: C) Systematic study looks at relationships to attribute causes and effects, and bases the conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner. Page Ref: 11 LO: 4 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 29) Which of the following is true of systematic study? A) It attributes causes and effects based on intuition. B) It involves supporting decisions based on gut feelings. C) It analyzes relationships based on previous experiences. D) It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data. E) It involves taking action based on instinct. Answer: D Explanation: D) Systematic study looks at relationships to attribute causes and effects, and bases the conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner. Page Ref: 11
LO: 4 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 30) In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________. A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory Answer: C Explanation: C) To make good OB decisions it is important to use evidence to supplement intuition and experience. Evidence should come through systematic study, which involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner. Page Ref: 11 LO: 4 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 31) Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based Answer: D Explanation: D) Systematic study means looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing the conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner. Page Ref: 11 LO: 4 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 32) ________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof. A) Emergency management B) Personal knowledge management
C) Property management D) Evidence-based management E) Knowledge management Answer: D Explanation: D) The basing of managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence can be termed as evidence-based management. Page Ref: 11 LO: 4 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 33) ________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. A) Intuition B) Reasoning C) Rationality D) Logic E) Inference Answer: A Explanation: A) A gut feeling not necessarily supported by research is known as intuition. Page Ref: 11 LO: 4 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 34) ________ seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. A) Meteorology B) Theology C) Epistemology D) Lexicology E) Psychology Answer: E Explanation: E) Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Those who have contributed and continue to add to the knowledge of OB are learning theorists, personality theorists, counseling psychologists, and, most important, industrial and organizational psychologists. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 35) Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another?
A) social psychology B) cosmology C) parapsychology D) lexicology E) eschatology Answer: A Explanation: A) Social psychology, generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on peoples' influence on one another. One major study area is change which involves how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
36) Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology? A) Sociology studies humans and animals whereas psychology focuses exclusively on humans. B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual. C) Sociology incorporates research from social sciences, philosophy, and natural sciences; psychology does not. D) Sociology uses various methods of empirical investigation whereas psychology uses limited critical analyses. E) Sociology uses only qualitative techniques whereas psychology uses both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Answer: B Explanation: B) While psychology focuses on the individual, sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 37) ________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. A) Anthropology B) Deontology C) Epistemology D) Agnotology E) Dysteleology Answer: A Explanation: A) Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 38) Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure? A) sociology B) deontology C) epistemology D) agnotology E) dysteleology Answer: A Explanation: A) Sociologists study organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict. Page Ref: 14
LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
39) Austin Reed is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on the job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________. A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) entomology E) archaeology Answer: A Explanation: A) Because Austin's study focuses on the causes of individual job satisfaction, he is most likely conducting the study through the department of psychology. Psychology is defined as a the science which seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and it focuses on the individual. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Describe the components of human resource practices 40) You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering.Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation? A) sociology B) psychology C) anthropology D) political science E) industrial engineering Answer: B Explanation: B) Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Psychology's focus on the individual has led to contributions in the areas of learning, personality, emotions, motivational forces, and more. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
41) Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB. A) anthropology B) psychology C) archaeology D) political science E) corporate strategy Answer: A Explanation: A) Myriam is an anthropologist. Much of our current understanding of organizational culture, organizational environments, and differences among national cultures is a result of the work of anthropologists or those using their methods. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 42) Which of the following is true of contingency variables? A) They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. B) They make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations about concepts in organizational behavior. C) They indicate that everyone is motivated by money and financial perks. D) They refer to scientific factors which are based on universal truths. E) They remain constant irrespective of any change in the environment. Answer: A Explanation: A) Contingency variables refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. Page Ref: 15 LO: 6 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 43) Raymond Mayer is conducting a study on discrimination against campaign activists based on gender. In his study, he noted that male executives who visited Indonesian villages to promote the use of renewable energy received a highly positive response. In contrast, women who visited the same villages, received an antagonistic response from them. However, Mayer stated that his findings only applied to villages. In this study, the presence of a village is considered a ________ variable. A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency
Answer: E Explanation: E) Contingency variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. For example, an OB study can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z. Humans are unpredictable in nature and thus, all organizational behavior studies must have contingency variables.
Page Ref: 15 LO: 6 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 44) ________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. A) Global B) General C) Dependent D) Non-reactive E) Contingency Answer: E Explanation: E) Contingency variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. For example, an OB study can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z. Humans are unpredictable in nature and thus, all organizational behavior studies must have contingency variables. Page Ref: 15 LO: 6 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 45) Which of the following is a result of globalization? A) organizations being bound by national borders B) lower production of goods in developing nations C) highly homogeneous workforce D) shared social value among all cultures E) jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor Answer: E Explanation: E) In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesses a comparative advantage, though labor groups, politicians, and local community leaders see the exporting of jobs as undermining the job market at home. Page Ref: 17 LO: 7 AACSB: Dynamics of the Global Economy Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept
46) Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to ________. A) provide poor customer service B) face opposition from labor groups C) manage a culturally homogeneous workforce D) operate in niche markets E) lose competitive advantage by exporting jobs Answer: B Explanation: B) In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesses a comparative advantage, though labor groups, politicians, and local community leaders see the exporting of jobs as undermining the job market at home. Managers face the difficult task of balancing the interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the communities in which they operate. Page Ref: 17 LO: 7 AACSB: Dynamics of the Global Economy Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Explain the effects of power and political behavior on organizations 47) Josh Wallace, a sales executive, has recently been promoted to the position of sales manager at Synergy Corporation Bank. He has in the past gained a strong track record of making the highest number of sales in his branch. During his first few months as a manager, he regularly appreciated and acknowledged the team's efforts because he knew that it was the driving force behind high performance. However, the company has recently expressed its dissatisfaction with Josh's team as it has consistently failed to meet the sales targets of the branch. Which of the following, if true, would best explain this situation? A) The bank had an existing list of contacts which was shared with the team. B) The team was allotted areas with families from high income groups. C) There has been a sharp rise in the country's citizens' purchasing power. D) Josh had prior experience in leading large sales teams. E) The team was motivated by extrinsic factors instead of intrinsic factors. Answer: E Explanation: E) While working with people from different cultures, it is important to understand that what motivates one may not motivate another. In addition, one's communication style may be straightforward and open, which others may find uncomfortable and threatening. To work effectively with people from different cultures, one needs to understand how their culture, geography, and religion have shaped them and how to adapt one's management style to their differences. The team being motivated by extrinsic factors instead of intrinsic factors which Josh used explains why Josh's team was not motivated enough to perform well. If the bank had an existing list of contacts which was shared with the team would work against the argument because it would, to an extent, help the team perform well. In addition, the team being allotted areas with families from high income groups, a sharp rise in the country's citizens' purchasing power, and Josh having had prior experience in leading large sales teams are all likely to help the team perform well and do not explain why they failed consistently to meet the sales targets of the branch. Page Ref: 17
LO: 7 AACSB: Reflective Thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Discuss the influence of culture on organizational behavior 48) Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and hence is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Taiwan. However, local community leaders across the country are opposing this decision strongly. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders' opinion? A) The country has one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia. B) Over 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue comes from agriculture. C) The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country. D) The government of Indonesia provides substantial subsidies to start-up companies. E) Gould Furniture has alliances with local furniture companies in Taiwan. Answer: C Explanation: C) In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesses a comparative advantage, though labor groups, politicians, and local community leaders see the exporting of jobs as undermining the job market at home. Managers face the difficult task of balancing the interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the communities in which they operate. In this scenario, the furniture market contributing to 20 percent of deforestation in the country is a flaw in the local community leaders' opinion because exporting jobs to other countries would prevent deforestation in their country. The country having one of the lowest rates of employment in Asia strengthens the local community leaders' opinion. 85 percent of Indonesia's revenue coming from agriculture and the government of Indonesia providing substantial subsidies to start-up companies is irrelevant to the argument about exporting jobs being detrimental to the development of the country. Gould Furniture having alliances with local furniture companies in Taiwan weakens the local community leaders' opinion. Page Ref: 17 LO: 7 AACSB: Reflective Thinking Difficulty: Hard Quest. Category: Critical Thinking Learning Outcome: Describe the nature of conflict and the negotiation process 49) ________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. A) Workforce associability B) Workforce diversity C) Cultural similarity D) Organizational congruity E) Operational homogeneity Answer: B
Explanation: B) Workforce diversity refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups. Page Ref: 18 LO: 7 AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define diversity and describe the effects of diversity in the workforce
50) Eighty percent of the employees in the United States work today in ________ jobs. A) textile B) military C) mining D) research E) service Answer: E Explanation: E) Today, the majority of employees in developed countries work in service jobs, including 80 percent in the United States. Page Ref: 18 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 51) A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________. A) need substantial interaction with an organization's customers B) offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs C) have fewer working hours than other jobs D) require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs E) provide more perks and benefits to employees Answer: A Explanation: A) The common characteristic of service jobs is substantial interaction with an organization's customers. Page Ref: 18 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 52) Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job? A) human resource executive B) administrative executive C) flight attendant D) environmental campaigner E) production line worker Answer: C Explanation: C) Service jobs include technical support representatives, fast-food counter workers, sales clerks, waiters and waitresses, nurses, automobile repair technicians, and flight attendants. The common characteristic of these jobs is substantial interaction with an organization's customers. Page Ref: 18 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept
53) One of the key challenges for managers in today's organizations is to ________. A) be static in nature B) conform to norms and practices C) be resistant to change D) follow age-old rules rigidly E) stimulate tolerance for change Answer: E Explanation: E) The challenge for managers is to stimulate their employees' creativity and tolerance for change. Globalization, expanded capacity, and advances in technology have required organizations to be fast and flexible if they are to survive. The result is that most managers and employees today work in a climate best characterized as "temporary." Page Ref: 20 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Explain how to manage resistance to change 54) Which of the following should employees undertake to deal with "temporariness" in the modern work climate? A) continually update their knowledge and skills to perform new job requirements B) be prepared to work in the same position for longer periods of time C) have closer connections with peers and subordinates D) avoid unpredictable situations to avert taking risks E) engage in organizational politicking Answer: A Explanation: A) Today's managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability.Workers must continually update their knowledge and skills to perform new job requirements. Page Ref: 20 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Explain how to manage resistance to change 55) Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart? A) networked organizations B) hierarchical organizations C) matrix organizations D) stable organizations E) flat organizations Answer: A Explanation: A) Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Page Ref: 20 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy
Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the factors influencing effective communication in organizations 56) Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization? A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and the like B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their services changes C) managing contract and temporary workers D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the Internet E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated Answer: E Explanation: E) Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Motivating and managing people online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location. Page Ref: 21 LO: 7 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept 57) Christopher Richardson works as a graphic designer in Sydney. He often coordinates with colleagues working in Germany. In addition, he interacts with clients across the globe. Which of the following is most likely to facilitate his communications with clients and colleagues? A) ergonomic cubicle B) lateral thinking C) sensemaking D) systems thinking E) networked organization Answer: E Explanation: E) Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Motivating and managing people online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location. Page Ref: 20, 21 LO: 7 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Describe the factors influencing effective communication in organizations 58) Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts? A) global organizations B) sensemaking C) privatization of essential industries D) downshifting E) use of self-managed teams Answer: A
Explanation: A) Creation of global organizations means that the world never sleeps. This affects employees' work-life balance. Page Ref: 21 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept
59) Which of the following is true of positive organizational scholarship? A) It involves monitoring negative practices in organizations and rectifying them. B) It deals with how employees should analyze weaknesses and convert them into strengths. C) It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential. D) It dwells on limitations that an organization faces and how it can turn them into opportunities. E) It involves scrutinizing loopholes in organizational practices and filling gaps in processes. Answer: C Explanation: C) Positive organizational scholarships study how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential. Some key independent variables in positive OB research are engagement, hope, optimism, and resilience in the face of strain. Page Ref: 22 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance 60) ________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research. A) Engagement B) Apathy C) Despair D) Constraint E) Pessimism Answer: A Explanation: A) Positive organizational scholarships study how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality and resilience, and unlock potential. Some key independent variables in positive OB research are engagement, hope, optimism, and resilience in the face of strain. Page Ref: 22 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 61) The concept of "reflected best-self" involves ________. A) focusing on eliminating shortcomings to bring out the best in oneself B) making employees aware of their weaknesses and rectifying them C) observing and monitoring drawbacks of a team and then increasing their efficiency with the help of adequate training D) asking employees to think about when they were at their personal best in order to exploit their strengths. E) studying industry-wide best practices and then implementing it Answer: D Explanation: D) Positive organizational scholars have studied a concept called "reflected bestself" asking employees to think about when they were at their "personal best" in order to understand how to exploit their strengths. Page Ref: 22
LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the components of human resource practices 62) Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? A) Should I work extra hours to complete my assignment? B) Should I e-mail my manager about queries on the project? C) Should I discuss with the management about perks being offered? D) Should I ask my manager for leave during Christmas? E) Should I play politics to advance my career? Answer: E Explanation: E) Employees are increasingly facing ethical dilemmas and ethical choices in which they are required to identify right and wrong conduct. Page Ref: 22 LO: 7 AACSB: Ethical Understanding and Reasoning Abilities Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 63) A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. A) model B) input C) process D) outcome E) objective Answer: A Explanation: A) A model is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some realworld phenomenon. Page Ref: 23 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 64) Which of the following is true of models? A) Models propose five types of variables. B) Models proceed from outcomes to processes. C) Models are used only in manufacturing organizations. D) Models proceed from processes to inputs. E) Models show that outcomes can influence inputs in the future. Answer: E Explanation: E) Models propose three types of variables i.e., inputs, processes, and outcomes at three levels of analysis, which are, individual, group, and organizational. Page Ref: 24
LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
65) With reference to a basic OB model, ________ are determined in advance of the employment relationship and refer to variables like personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. A) actions B) inputs C) outcome D) processes E) goals Answer: B Explanation: B) Inputs are variables like personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. These variables set the stage for what will occur in an organization later. Many are determined in advance of the employment relationship. Page Ref: 24 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 66) Which of the following is an example of an input at an individual level? A) motivation B) moods C) values D) perception E) emotions Answer: C Explanation: C) Inputs are the variables like personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. Inputs at an individual level comprise diversity, personality, and values. Page Ref: 25 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 67) An example of an input at an organizational level is ________. A) motivation B) conflict C) power D) communication E) structure Answer: E Explanation: E) Inputs are the variables like personality, group structure, and organizational culture that lead to processes. Inputs at an organizational level consist of structure and culture. Page Ref: 25 LO: 8
Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
68) Which of the following is one of the three variables proposed by a basic OB model which refers to actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs? A) processes B) scrutinization C) planning D) association E) evaluation Answer: A Explanation: A) Processes are actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes. At the individual level, processes include emotions and moods, motivation, perception, and decision making. Page Ref: 25 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 69) Which of the following is an example of a process at an individual level? A) group cohesion B) values C) decision making D) withdrawal behavior E) power and politics Answer: C Explanation: C) Processes are actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes. At the individual level, processes include emotions and moods, motivation, perception, and decision making. Page Ref: 25 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations 70) An example of a process at a group level is ________. A) diversity B) communication C) values D) culture E) emotions Answer: B Explanation: B) Processes are actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes. At the group level, processes include communication, leadership, power and politics, and conflict and negotiation. Page Ref: 25 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy
Quest. Category: Concept
71) Which of the following is an example of a process at the organizational level? A) attitudes and stress B) withdrawal behavior C) emotions and moods D) change of practices E) team responsibilities Answer: D Explanation: D) Processes are actions that individuals, groups, and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes. At the organizational level, human resource management and change of practices are examples of processes. Page Ref: 25 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 72) ________ is an example of an outcome at the organizational level. A) Productivity B) Diversity C) Personality D) Mood E) Culture Answer: A Explanation: A) Outcomes are the key variables that one wants to explain or predict, and that are affected by some other variables. At the organizational level overall productivity and survival are examples of outcomes. Page Ref: 25 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 73) Which of the following is an example of an outcome at an individual level? A) structure B) culture C) politics D) power E) attitude Answer: E Explanation: E) Outcomes are the key variables that one wants to explain or predict, and that are affected by some other variables. At the individual level, examples of outcomes are attitudes, stress, citizenship behavior, and withdrawal behavior. Page Ref: 25 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its
study
74) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements, and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace, is called ________ behavior. A) withdrawal B) associative C) networked D) citizenship E) cohesive Answer: D Explanation: D) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements, and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace, is called citizenship behavior. Page Ref: 27 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 75) Group ________ is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. A) affect B) associability C) think D) cohesion E) maturity Answer: D Explanation: D) Group cohesion is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. In other words, a cohesive group is one that sticks together. Page Ref: 28 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 76) In the current competitive workplace, technical skills are the only skills that managers require to be successful. Answer: FALSE Explanation: In today's competitive and demanding workplace, managers cannot succeed on their technical skills alone. They also need to have good people skills. Page Ref: 5 LO: 1 AACSB: Dynamics of the Global Economy Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept
77) An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people. Answer: TRUE Explanation: An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Page Ref: 5 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 78) The planning function involves defining an organization's goals and establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals. Answer: TRUE Explanation: The planning function encompasses defining an organization's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. Page Ref: 6 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations 79) A degree in architecture will provide a student with human skills required for a job. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Technical skills encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise. The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, defines human skills . Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 80) Organizational behavior applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness. Page Ref: 10 LO: 3 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
81) Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Evidence-based management complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence. Systematic study and EBM add to intuition, or those gut feelings which help understand people better. Page Ref: 11 LO: 4 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 82) Psychology contributes to the study of organizational behavior at the macro level whereas anthropology contributes at the micro level. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science built on contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines, mainly psychology and social psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Psychology's contributions have been mainly at the individual or micro level of analysis, while the other disciplines have contributed to our understanding of macro concepts such as group processes and organization. Page Ref: 13, 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 83) One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Social psychology, generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on peoples' influence on one another. One major study area of social psychology is change, how to implement it, and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 84) While sociology focuses on the individual, psychology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Answer: FALSE Explanation: While psychology focuses on the individual, sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture.
Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
85) Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 86) Entomology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 87) Human beings are simple in nature and thus, simple, universal principles explain all kinds of organizational behavior. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. Since human beings are not alike, the ability to make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations is limited. Page Ref: 14 LO: 6 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 88) Organizational behavior cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. Since human beings are not alike, the ability to make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations is limited. However, it does not mean that one cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions. Page Ref: 15 LO: 6 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept
Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
89) During globalization, managers find it increasingly easy to balance the interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the communities in which they operate. Answer: FALSE Explanation: During globalization, managers face the difficult task of balancing the interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the communities in which they operate. Page Ref: 17 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Discuss the effects of stress in the workplace and methods of stress management 90) Workforce diversity refers to how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Workforce diversity acknowledges a workforce of women and men; many racial and ethnic groups; individuals with a variety of physical or psychological abilities; and people who differ in age and sexual orientation. Page Ref: 18 LO: 7 AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define diversity and describe the effects of diversity in the workforce 91) The job of a guest relations executive at a hotel is a kind of service job. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Today, the majority of employees in developed countries work in service jobs, including 80 percent in the United States. Service jobs include technical support representatives, fast-food counter workers, sales clerks, waiters and waitresses, and nurses among others. Page Ref: 18 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 92) Organizations which continually improve the quality of their products and maintain their flexibility tend to be more successful than others in the market. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Today's successful organizations must foster innovation and master the art of change, or they will become candidates for extinction. Organizations tend to succeed if they maintain their flexibility, continually improve their quality, and beat their competition to the marketplace with a constant stream of innovative products and services. Page Ref: 20 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Explain how to manage resistance to change
93) A way for managers to respond to the problem of unethical behavior is to provide in-house advisors who can be contacted anonymously. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Managers and their organizations are responding to the problem of unethical behavior in a number of ways. They are writing and distributing codes of ethics to guide employees through ethical dilemmas. They are offering seminars, workshops, and other training programs to try to improve ethical behaviors. They are also providing in-house advisors who can be contacted, in many cases anonymously, for assistance in dealing with ethical issues. Page Ref: 23 LO: 7 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 94) The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements, and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace, is called cohesive behavior. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements, and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace, is called citizenship behavior. Page Ref: 27 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept 95) Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group's work output. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Group functioning refers to the quantity and quality of a group's work output. In the same way that the performance of a sports team is more than the sum of individual players' performances, group functioning in work organizations is more than the sum of individual task performances. Page Ref: 28 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Describe the factors influencing effective communication in organizations 96) Discuss the growing importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace. Answer: Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the technical aspects of management, focusing on economics, accounting, finance, and quantitative techniques. Course work in human behavior and people skills received relatively less attention. Over the past three decades, however, business faculty have come to realize the role that understanding human behavior plays in determining a manager's effectiveness, and required courses on people skills have been added to many curricula. Developing managers' interpersonal skills also helps organizations attract and keep high-performing employees. Regardless of labor market conditions, outstanding employees are always in short supply. Having managers with good interpersonal skills is likely to make the workplace more pleasant, which in turn makes it easier
to hire and keep qualified people. Creating a pleasant workplace also appears to make good economic sense. Page Ref: 4 LO: 1 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept 97) How are the management functions of planning, organizing, and leading different from one another? Explain. Answer: The planning function encompasses defining an organization's goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate activities. On the other hand, the organizing function includes determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made. The leading function is comprised of managers motivating employees, directing their activities, selecting the most effective communication channels, or resolving conflicts among members. Page Ref: 6 LO: 2 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations 98) Samantha Reeves works as a sales manager at Synergy Bank. Explain the nature of tasks she would be performing according to Mintzberg's concept of leadership role. Answer: The leadership role comprise hiring, training, motivating, and disciplining employees. If Reeves undertakes the leadership role, she would be hiring sales executives and other team members. She would also be training them on product knowledge and motivating them to reach their sales targets. In addition she would be disciplining employees to follow rules and regulations and the code of conduct of the organization. Page Ref: 6 LO: 2 AACSB: Analytic Skills Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Application Learning Outcome: Discuss the factors influencing individual decision making in organizations 99) According to Mintzberg, how does the monitor role differ from the disseminator role? Answer: The monitor role involves collecting information from external organizations and institutions, typically by scanning the news media including the Internet, and talking with other people to learn of changes in the public's tastes, what competitors may be planning, and so forth. On the other hand, the disseminator role comprises transmitting information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. Page Ref: 7 LO: 2 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its
study
100) How do Mintzberg's roles of a liaison, spokesperson, and entrepreneur differ from one another? Explain. Answer: According to Mintzberg's managerial roles, a person with the role of a liaison refers to an interpersonal role. The role involves maintaining a network of outside contacts who provide favors and information. The role of a spokesperson on the other hand is an informational role. It involves transmitting information to outsiders on organization plans, policies, actions, and results. This person serves as an expert on the organization's industry. In contrast, the role of an entrepreneur is a decisional role. It deals with searching organizations and its environment for opportunities and initiating projects to bring about change. Page Ref: 7 LO: 2 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 101) What are conceptual skills? How are they different from human skills? Answer: Conceptual skills comprise the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. The ability to integrate new ideas with existing processes and innovate on the job are crucial conceptual skills for today's managers. On the other hand, the ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, defines human skills. For instance, many people are technically proficient but they are poor listeners. They are unable to understand the needs of others or are weak at managing conflicts. Managers should have good human skills because they need to get tasks done by people. Page Ref: 8 LO: 2 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 102) What is organizational behavior? Answer: Organizational behavior is the study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization's performance. It studies three determinants of behavior in organizations: individuals, groups, and structure. In addition, OB applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups, and the effect of structure on behavior in order to make organizations work more effectively. It is concerned specifically with employment-related situations and thus, emphasizes behavior as related to concerns such as jobs, work, absenteeism, employee turnover, productivity, human performance, and management. Page Ref: 10 LO: 3 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
103) Why is it important to complement intuition with systematic study in our attempts to understand behavior within organizations? Answer: It is important to complement intuition with systematic study to understand behavior within organizations in order to make accurate predictions of behavior. Underlying this systematic approach is the belief that behavior is not random. Rather, one can identify fundamental consistencies underlying the behavior of all individuals and modify them to reflect individual differences. The systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonably accurate predictions. Systematic study involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing our conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner. Page Ref: 11 LO: 4 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 104) What is evidence-based management (EBM)? Answer: Evidence-based management (EBM) complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence. For example, we want doctors to make decisions about patient care based on the latest available evidence, and EBM argues that managers should do the same, becoming more scientific in how they think about management problems. A manager might pose a managerial question, search for the best available evidence, and apply the relevant information to the question or case at hand. Page Ref: 11 LO: 4 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 105) How have the fields of psychology and sociology contributed to our understanding of organizational behavior? Answer: Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and change the behavior of humans. Early industrial/organizational psychologists studied the problems of fatigue, boredom, and other working conditions that could impede efficient work performance. More recently, their contributions have expanded to include learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, needs and motivational forces, job satisfaction, decision-making processes, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee-selection techniques, work design, and job stress. Sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. The greatest contributions by sociologists have been in the study of group behavior in organizations, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept
Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
106) Compare and contrast the fields of psychology, social psychology, and sociology. Answer: All three fields deal with human behavior. While psychology focuses on the individual, sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Social psychology blends concepts from both psychology and sociology, though it is generally considered a branch of psychology. It focuses on people's influence on one another. Thus, it could be said that social psychology falls between the extremes of the individual focus of psychology and the large group focus of sociology. Page Ref: 14 LO: 5 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Synthesis Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 107) Why do only a few absolutes apply to organizational behavior? Answer: Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. Since we are not alike, our ability to make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations is limited. For instance, two people often act very differently in the same situation, and the same person's behavior changes in different situations. Not everyone is motivated by money, and people may behave differently at a religious service than they do at a party. That does not mean, of course, that we cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions. It does mean that OB concepts must reflect situational, or contingency, conditions. Page Ref: 14, 15 LO: 6 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 108) Explain workforce diversity. What key managerial skill do you think is most important when dealing with workforce diversity? Answer: Workforce diversity is a term used to describe how organizations are becoming more heterogeneous with regard to gender, race, and ethnicity. It also includes disabilities, sexual orientation, and age. Human skills that consist of the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, are important to manage a diverse workforce because of the different individual variables that the manager would be working with. Page Ref: 18 LO: 7 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define diversity and describe the effects of diversity in the workforce
109) Most managers and employees today work in a climate best characterized as "temporary." Explain. Answer: Globalization, expanded capacity, and advances in technology have required organizations to be fast and flexible if they are to survive. The result is that most managers and employees today work in a climate best characterized as "temporary." Workers must continually update their knowledge and skills to perform new job requirements. In the past, employees were assigned to a specific work group, gaining a considerable amount of security working with the same people day in and day out. Predictability has been replaced by temporary work groups and the increased use of employee rotation to fill constantly changing work assignments. Finally, organizations themselves are in a state of flux. They continually reorganize their various divisions, sell off poorly performing businesses, downsize operations, subcontract noncritical services and operations to other organizations, and replace permanent employees with temporary workers. Today's managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability. Page Ref: 20 LO: 7 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Explain how to manage resistance to change 110) What conclusions can you draw about turnover if an employer strives to find balance in work-life conflicts? How can the employer find this balance and still have productive employees? Answer: Since work is constantly infringing on people's lives, some employers make efforts to find balance in the work-life conflict. For example, if a job requires a lot of travel time away from the family, when the travel assignment is done, the employer could allow the employee to work from home several days to be able to spend more time with the family. Allowing flexible schedules and complimentary time off for overtime worked gives an employee time to recuperate what was lost to work, thus increasing job satisfaction and most likely decreasing turnover. Turnover is the voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization. A high turnover rate results in increased recruiting, selection, and training costs, which are quite significant. Although it might appear that the employer is losing productivity by allowing flexible time and balance in work-life conflicts, he is actually increasing productivity because he isn't training new employees due to reduced turnover, and employees with high job satisfaction are more productive. Page Ref: 21, 22 LO: 7 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept 111) What is withdrawal behavior? Explain. Answer: Withdrawal behavior is the set of actions that employees take to separate themselves from the organization. There are many forms of withdrawal, ranging from showing up late or failing to attend meetings to absenteeism and turnover. Employee withdrawal can have a very negative effect on an organization. The cost of employee turnover alone has been estimated to run into the thousands of dollars, even for entry-level positions. Absenteeism also costs organizations significant amounts of money and time every year. Withdrawal behavior may
result in the work flow being disrupted, and important decisions being delayed. In today's changing world of work, reasonable levels of employee-initiated turnover improve organizational flexibility and employee independence, and they can lessen the need for management-initiated layoffs.
Page Ref: 27 LO: 8 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 112) What is citizenship behavior? Answer: The discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee's formal job requirements, and that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace, is called citizenship behavior. Successful organizations need employees who will do more than their usual job duties — who will provide performance beyond expectations. In today's dynamic workplace, where tasks are increasingly performed by teams and flexibility is critical, employees who engage in "good citizenship" behaviors help others on their team, volunteer for extra work, avoid unnecessary conflicts, respect the spirit as well as the letter of rules and regulations, and gracefully tolerate occasional work-related impositions and nuisances. Page Ref: 27 LO: 8 Difficulty: Moderate Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study 113) What is group cohesion? Answer: Group cohesion is the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another at work. In other words, a cohesive group is one that sticks together. When employees trust one another, seek common goals, and work together to achieve these common ends, the group is cohesive; when employees are divided among themselves in terms of what they want to achieve and have little loyalty to one another, the group is not cohesive. Page Ref: 28 LO: 8 Difficulty: Easy Quest. Category: Concept Learning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study
