Report on Griha and Hama

Abstract Abuilding can be said to be ‘green’ or sustainable when conscious steps are takenduring its

construction and operation to keep natural resource depletion minimal. The aim of the green building design is to minimize demand on non-renewable resources; maximize utilization efficiency; and maximize reuse, recycling, and use of renewable resources. A green building is evolved through a design process that requires all the concerned professionals – the architect; the landscape designer; and the air conditioning, electrical, plumbing, and energy consultants – to work as a team that carefully considers all aspects of the building and associated systems. Sustainable building construction practices, popularly known as green building practices are widely gaining acceptance due to the tangible and intangible benefits to the environment and industry. The rating systems act as evaluation tools and bench marking systems to assess the greenness of the projects claimed to have undertaken following sustainable practices. The qualitative comparison of such systems by analyzing the various features is attempted in the study. This report contains three major projects as research on green building rating systemGRIHA, case study of green buildings in Nepal- Hama Iron and Steel Building, Kamaladi and lastly case study, analysis and conversion of grey building into green buildings.

i

Acknowledgements We would like to thank our teacher Sr. Ar. Sushil Bajracharya for giving us the opportunity to conduct research on this topic and providing invaluable guidance, encouragement, friendly attitude and support. We thank him for helping helping to shape our research skills. In this project, we got the chance to study about Green Building and its design. The comparative study gave us wider concept about green featured buildings and their design criteria. This research project also helped us a lot to widen our horizon of knowledge which would help us implement our design as we move ahead in our project. Lastly, we are very grateful to the department of architecture, other teachers and also the office and staffs of our selected case studies for their help and invaluable assistance. We are also very grateful to Ar. Bhibuti Man Singh, Ar. SaritaMaharjan, Ar. Pushpa Shrestha, Technical Interface and Er. NarendraYadav, CEA, who have provided us with much information and support so far in the case study. Thank you.

ii

Acknowledgements We would like to thank our teacher Sr. Ar. Sushil Bajracharya for giving us the opportunity to conduct research on this topic and providing invaluable guidance, encouragement, friendly attitude and support. We thank him for helping helping to shape our research skills. In this project, we got the chance to study about Green Building and its design. The comparative study gave us wider concept about green featured buildings and their design criteria. This research project also helped us a lot to widen our horizon of knowledge which would help us implement our design as we move ahead in our project. Lastly, we are very grateful to the department of architecture, other teachers and also the office and staffs of our selected case studies for their help and invaluable assistance. We are also very grateful to Ar. Bhibuti Man Singh, Ar. SaritaMaharjan, Ar. Pushpa Shrestha, Technical Interface and Er. NarendraYadav, CEA, who have provided us with much information and support so far in the case study. Thank you.

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Table of contents Abstract ..................... ............ ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ............... ..... i Acknowledgements .................. ......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... .................. ......... ii List of Figures ...................................... ....................................................... ................................. ................................. .................................. ............................... .............. vi List of Tables ............................... ................................................ ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ....................... ...... ix 1.

2.

Green Building Building ................................. ................................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .............................. ............. 1 1.1.

Introduction Introduction ............................... ............................................... ................................. ................................. ................................. .............................. ............. 1

1.2.

Objectives of Green Building .................................................................................... 1

1.3.

Concept of Green Building Building .............................. ............................................... ................................. ................................. ........................ ....... 1

1.4.

Energy Efficient Techniques .................................................................................... 1

1.4.1.

Solar Chimney Chimney ................................. ................................................. ................................. ................................. ................................ ................ 1

1.4.2.

Wind Catcher Catcher ................................ ................................................. ................................. ................................ ................................. ................... .. 2

1.4.3.

Trombe Wall ................................. .................................................. ................................. ................................ ................................. ................... .. 3

Green Building Rating System – GRIHA ............................. .............................................. ................................. ........................... ........... 4 2.1.

Introduction Introduction ............................... ............................................... ................................. ................................. ................................. .............................. ............. 4

2.2.

Genesis Genesis ................................. .................................................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ................................ ............... 5

2.3.

Conditions of Site Before Griha ................................................................................ 6

2.4.

Condition of Site After GRIHA .................................................................................. 6

2.5.

Reasons for Building Rating System ........................................................................ 7

2.6.

Criteria of Rating System - GRIHA ........................................................................... 8

2.7.

Benefits......... Benefits.......................... .................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ...................... ..... 10

2.8.

Case Study ............................... ............................................... ................................. ................................. ................................. ............................ ........... 11

2.8.1. Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering Building (CESE) At IIT, Kanpur 11 2.8.2. 2.9. 3.

4.

Suzlon Suzlon One Earth .............................. ............................................... ................................. ................................. ............................ ........... 18

Comparison Between Leed India And Griha .......................................................... 32

Case Study of Green Buildings in Nepal ....................................................................... 34 3.1.

LEED: Practical Example Applied In Nepal - Hama Iron & Steel Building, Kamaladi 34

3.2.

Green Building Building Features .................................... .................................................... ................................. ................................. ................... ... 34

Hama iron & steel building, Kamaladi ........................................................................... 36 4.1.

Sustainable Sustainable Sites ................................. .................................................. ................................. ................................ ................................. ................. 40

4.1.1.

SS Credit 1: Site Selection .............................................................................. 40 iii

4.1.2.

SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation—Public Transportation Tra nsportation Access ....... 41

4.1.3.

SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation—Public Transportation Tra nsportation Access ....... 42

4.1.4. SS Credit 4.2: Alternative Transportation—Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms 43 4.1.5. SS Credit 4.3: Alternative Transportation—Low-Emitting & Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 43 4.1.6.

SS Credit 6.1: Storm water Design—Quantity Control .................................... 44

4.1.7.

SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect—Non roof ................................ ................................................ ................... ... 44

4.1.8.

SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect—Roof ................................. ................................................. ........................ ........ 45

4.2.

WATER EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY........................................ ........................................................ ................................. ................................. ................... ... 46

4.3.

LEED Criteria Criteria ............................... ............................................... ................................ ................................. .................................. ......................... ........ 46

4.3.1.

Energy & Atmosphere Atmosphere ........................ ......................................... ................................. ................................. ............................ ........... 46

4.3.2.

Materials Materials and Resources Resources ................................. .................................................. .................................. .............................. ............. 49

4.4.

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY .................. ......... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................ ....... 54

4.4.1.

IE Q Credit 2: Increased Ventilation ................................................................ 54

4.5.

IE Q Credit 8.1:DAYLIGHT AND VIEWS - DAYLIGHT ........................................... 55

4.6.

ID Credit 1: Innovation in Design ........................................................................... 55

4.6.1.

HYDROPONICS: HYDROPONICS: ............................... ................................................ ................................. ................................. ............................ ........... 56

4.7.

ID Credit 2: LEED LEED Accredited Professional Professional ................... ......... ................... ................... ................... ................... ............ .. 58

4.8.

REGIONAL PRIORITY CREDITS .......................................................................... 58

4.9.

................................................. .................................. .............................. ............. 58 CHALLENGES CHALLENGES TILL NOW….. ................................

5. An approach to green building ........................ .............. ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... .................. ............... ...... 59 5.1.

Calculation of criterias of GRIHA ........................................................................... 59

5.1.1.

An introduction to grey building .................. ......... ................... ................... ................... ................... .................. ............... ...... 59

5.1.2.

Existing Existing Features............................................. .............................................................. ................................. .............................. .............. 60

5.1.3.

Sustainable Sustainable site planning planning ............................................ ............................................................. ................................. ................... ... 62

5.1.4.

Energy efficiency and renewable energy......................................................... 63

5.1.5.

Water Efficiency Efficiency....................................... ........................................................ ................................. ................................ ...................... ...... 68

1.1.1.

Materials and Resources - 15% ...................................................................... 69

1.1.2.

Health and Well Being - 15% .............................. .............................................. ................................. ............................ ........... 71 iv

1.1.3.

Solid Waste Management - 6% ....................................................................... 72

1.1.4.

Innovations - 4% ............................................................................................. 72

1.1.5.

Overall Green Building Features ..................................................................... 73

6.

Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 74

7.

Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 75

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List of Figures Figure 1: Solar Chimney ...........................................................................................................................2 Figure 2: Wind Catcher.............................................................................................................................2 Figure 3: Trombe W all ..............................................................................................................................3 Figure 4: Green Building Features ...........................................................................................................4 Figure 5: Genesis of GRIHA .....................................................................................................................5 Figure 6: Pollution around site, unmanaged sanitation, Lack of safety measures ...................................6 Figure 7: Condition of Site after GRIHA ...................................................................................................6 Figure 8: Control of Pollution around site, using barriers, resource and waste management .................7 Figure 9: Project scoring...........................................................................................................................8 Figure 10: IIT Kanpur............................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 11: Floor Plan ............................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 12: Section ................................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 13: Top soils was excavated, stored and preserved .................................................................. 13 Figure 14: Tree preservation ................................................................................................................. 13 Figure 15: Sustainable Site Planning .................................................................................................... 14 Figure 16: Low flow plumbing fixtures

Figure 17: Maximum green areas ........................................ 14

Figure 18: Glare Free light..................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 19:Roof shaded by bamboo trellis .............................................................................................. 15 Figure 20: Low energy strategies .......................................................................................................... 16 Figure 21 : Skylight and ventilation ....................................................................................................... 16 Figure 22:Tree preservation .................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 23: Suzlon One Earth ................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 24: Suzlon One Earth- Site ........................................................................................................ 19 Figure 25: Systematic organization from part to whole ......................................................................... 20 Figure 26: The Whole on Site ................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 27: Conceptual Sketch ............................................................................................................... 21 Figure 28: Driving Factors ..................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 29: Orientation and Shading Devices Used ............................................................................... 22 vi

Figure 30:Controlled Solar Access Shading with Mass articulationfor maximum solar energy generation .............................................................................................................................................. 23 Figure 31: Envelope Detailing with Section and 3d View ...................................................................... 24 Figure 32: High Performance Glazing- Envelope .................................................................................. 24 Figure 33: Sustainability at the Site ....................................................................................................... 25 Figure 34: W ater Efficiency ................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 35: Efficient water use during construction- Use of Ready Mix Concrete, Efficient Curing System, and Chemical Curing ............................................................................................................... 27 Figure 36: Renewable Energy ............................................................................................................... 28 Figure 37: Renewable Energy ............................................................................................................... 28 Figure 38: Use low-energy material in the interiors- Recycled Content, Local / Regional Materials, Rapidly Renewable Materials, Low-Emitting Materials ......................................................................... 29 Figure 39: Indoor Environmental Quality ............................................................................................... 30 Figure 40: Innovation in Design ............................................................................................................. 31 Figure 41: Section showing Green Features in Hama Iron and Steel Building, Kamaladi .................... 35 Figure 42 Ramp ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 43 Fire staircase ......................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 44 Metal ramp constructions for disable people ........................................................................ 37 Figure 45 Metal staircase constructions at t he entrance of building ..................................................... 37 Figure 46 Space left for surface parking ............................................................................................... 37 Figure 47 Car hoist ................................................................................................................................ 38 Figure 48 Generator house ................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 49 Sewerage Treatment Plant ................................................................................................... 38 Figure 50 Void for car hoist ................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 51 Metal staircases from basement to ground floor ................................................................... 39 Figure 52 DTW access port above ........................................................................................................ 39 Figure 53: Renewable Energy Use (Left-Proposed), Slope roof for housing solar panels (Construction on site) ................................................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 54: Scheme of a common grid-connected roof integrated PV installation. ................................ 48 Figure 55: Grid tied battery-less system................................................................................................ 48 Figure 56: Grid tied battery-less system................................................................................................ 49 Figure 57: Construction Waste- Aggregate ........................................................................................... 50 vii

Figure 58: Construction Waste- Aggregate ........................................................................................... 50 Figure 59: Construction Material ........................................................................................................... 51 Figure 60: Construction of Cement Fiber Board Partition W all ............................................................. 52 Figure 61: Allocation of W aste & Resource Management on Basem ent .............................................. 53 Figure 62: Waste & Resource Management ......................................................................................... 53 Figure 63: ventilation ............................................................................................................................. 54 Figure 64: ventilation at top ................................................................................................................... 54 Figure 65: vertical greenary ................................................................................................................... 56 Figure 66: hydroponics .......................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 67: lighting in basement ............................................................................................................. 57 Figure 5-1: Grey building ....................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 5-2: Ground floor Plan ................................................................................................................ 60 Figure 5-3: Open stair case at South .................................................................................................... 61 Figure 5-4: Shops at North facade ........................................................................................................ 61 Figure 5-5: Vegetable garden at south .................................................................................................. 61 Figure 5-6 Well ...................................................................................................................................... 61 Figure 5-7: Open slab of roof ................................................................................................................ 62 Figure 5-8: Permeable pavings ............................................................................................................. 62 Figure 5-9: community services ............................................................................................................ 63 Figure 77: DOUBLE FLUSH TOILET .................................................................................................... 69 Figure 78: PUMP ................................................................................................................................... 69 Figure 79: RAINWATER HARVESTING ............................................................................................... 69

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List of Tables Table 1: Criteria of Rating System ........................................................................................................ 10 Table 2: General Information ................................................................................................................. 11 Table 3: Space Distribution ................................................................................................................... 19 Table 4: Comparative Chart .................................................................................................................. 32 Table 5: Comparative Pie-Chart ............................................................................................................ 33 Table 6: Comparative chart of electrical calculations of different LEED projects .................................. 46 Table 5-1: Weightage of Criterias .......................................................................................................... 59 Table 2: Comparative chart ................................................................................................................... 68

ix

REPORT ON GREEN BUILDING DESIGN

1.

Green Building

1.1. 

Introduction A practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource efficient.



Throughout a building’s life -cycle from sitting to design, construction, operation,

maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. 

Provide comfortable living and working conditions to its occupants while minimizing its detrimental impact on the environment.

1.2. 

Objectives of Green Building Helps to reduce building-related environmental impacts while creating places that are healthier and more satisfying for people.



Green Building is designed to save energy and resources, recycle materials and minimize the emission of toxic substances throughout its life cycle.



Green Building harmonizes with the local climate, traditions, culture and the surrounding environment.



Green Building are able to sustain and improve the quality of human life whilst maintaining the capacity of the ecosystem at local and global levels

1.3.

Concept of Green Building

There are three basic concepts of green building. They are: 

To retain the external environment at the location of the building.



To improve the internal environment of the occupants.



To preserve the environment at places far away from the building.

1.4.

Energy Efficient Techniques

1.4.1. Solar Chimney A solar chimney often referred to as thermal chimney is a way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy. Uses of solar chimney 

Improved ventilation rates on still, hot days



Improved control of air flow through

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Figure 1: Solar Chimney

1.4.2. Wind Catcher A wind catcher is a traditional Persian architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. The wind catcher functions on several principles: First, a wind catcher is capped and has several directional ports at the top (Traditionally four). By closing all but the one facing the direction of the incoming wind, air is drawn inwards, by the application of principle of continuity. The wind would push air down the shaft. This generates significant cooling ventilation within the structure below .In a windless environment or waterless house, a wind catcher functions as a stack effect aggregator of hot air. It creates a pressure gradient which allows less dense hot air to travel upwards and escape out the top. This is also compounded significantly by the day-night cycle mentioned above, trapping cool air below:

Figure 2: Wind Catcher

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1.4.3. Trombe Wall

Figure 3: Trombe Wall

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Figure 4: Green Building Features

Green Building Rating System – GRIHA

2. 2.1.

Introduction

GRIHA(Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) conceived by TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) and developed jointly by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India. It is a Green Building “Design Evaluation System”. It is based

on nationally accepted energy and environmentalprinciples, and seeks to strike a balance between established practices and emerging concepts, both national and international. GRIHA attempts to minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste generation, and

overall ecological/ environmental impact by comparing them to certain nationally acceptable limits / benchmarks. Some silent features of GRIHA are: 

GRIHA has been developed for the different agro-climatic Zones of India.



Developed particularly for non-ac spaces or partially AC building.



Evaluators are experts from different fields connected to the buildings and are from specific region where the building is situated.



Stresses on optimization of visual and thermal indoor comfort.



Integrates all relevant Indian Codes and Standards to act as tools for implementation.

It does so, adopting the five ‘R’ philosophy of sustainable development, namely

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1. Refuse – to blindly adopt international trends, materials,technologies, products, etc. Especially in areas wherelocal substitutes/equivalents are available 2. Reduce – the dependence on high energy products,systems, processes, etc. 3. Reuse – materials, products, traditional technologies, soas to reduce the costs incurred in designing buildings aswell as in operating them 4. Recycle – all possible wastes generated from thebuilding site, during construction, operation anddemolition 5. Reinvent – engineering systems, designs, and practicessuch that India creates global

examples 6. Energy / power consumption (in terms of electricityconsumed in kWh per square

meter per year) 7. Water consumption (in terms of litres per person perday) 8. Waste generation (in terms of kilograms per day, orlitres per day) 9. Renewable energy integration (in terms of kW ofconnected load)

2.2.

Genesis

Figure 5: Genesis of GRIHA

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2.3.

Conditions of Site Before Griha

Figure 6: Pollution around site, unmanaged sanitation, Lack of safety measures

2.4.

Condition of Site After GRIHA

Figure 7: Condition of Site after GRIHA

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Figure 8: Control of Pollution around site, using barriers, resource and waste management

2.5. 

Reasons for Building Rating System Reduced energy consumption without sacrificing the comfort levels (lower operational costs)



Reduced water consumption



Reduced system sizes (HVAC, transformers, cabling, etc.) for optimal performance at local conditions.



Reduced investment (Lifecycle costs)



Reduced destruction of natural areas, habitats, and biodiversity, and reduced soil loss from erosion etc.



Reduced air and water pollution (with direct health benefits)



Limited waste generation due to recycling and reuse



Reduced pollution loads



Increased user productivity

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2.6.

Criteria of Rating System - GRIHA

GRIHA assesses a building out of 34 criteria and awards points on a scale of 100. In order to qualify for GRIHA certification, a project must achieve at least 50 points. Certain criteria / sub-criteria are mandatory and have to be complied for the project to be at all eligible for rating. Following are four main categories: a) Selection and site planning b) Conservation and efficient utilization of resources c) Building operation and maintenance d) Innovation Project scoring

1. 50-60 points is certified as a 1 star GRIHA rated building, 2. 61-70 is a 2 star GRIHA rated building, 3. 71-80 is a 3 star GRIHA rating building, 4. 81-90 is a 4 star GRIHA rated building and 5. 91-100 is a 5 star GRIHA rated building

Figure 9: Project

scoring

. NO

CRITERIA

POINTS

1.

Site selection

1

Partly Mandatory

2.

Preserve and protect the landscape during 5 construction/compensatory depository forestation

Partly Mandatory

3.

Soil conservation (till post-construction)

4

4.

Design to include existing site features

2

Mandatory

5.

Reduce hard paving

2

Partly Mandatory

6.

Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency

3

7.

Plan utilizes efficiently circulation efficiency

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optimize

on-site 3

8


8.

Provide ,at least, minimum level of 2 sanitation/safety facilities for construction workers

Mandatory

9.

Reduce air pollution during construction

2

Mandatory

10.

Reduce landscape water requirement

3

11.

Reduce building water use

2

12.

Efficient water use during construction

1

13.

Optimize building design to reduce conventional 6 energy demand

14.

Optimize energy performance of building within 12 specified comfort

15.

Utilization of fly ash in building structure

16.

Reduce volume, weight and time of construction by 4 adopting efficient technology (e.g pre-cast systems, ready-mix concrete, etc.)

17.

Use low-energy material in interiors

4

18.

Renewable energy utilization

5

19.

Renewable energy based hot water system

3

20.

Waste water treatment

2

21.

Water re-cycle and re-use (including rainwater)

5

22.

Reduction in waste during construction

2

23.

Efficient waste segregation

2

24.

Storage and disposal of waste

2

25.

Resource recovery from waste

2

26.

Use of low VOC paints/ adhesives/ sealants.

4

27.

Minimize Ozone depleting substances

3

Mandatory

28.

Ensure water quality

2

Mandatory

29.

Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels

2

30.

Tobacco and smoke control

1

31.

Universal Accessibility

1

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Mandatory

6

Partly Mandatory

9


32.

Energy audit and validation Mandatory

0

Mandatory

33.

Operations and Maintenance protocol for electrical 2 and mechanical equipment

Mandatory

34

Total score

100

Innovation points (over the above 100 points)

4

Total points

104

Table 1: Criteria of Rating System

2.7.

Benefits

Green Buildings are beneficial to the building owners, users and the community as a whole. The operational cost is reduced because renewable energy is used without compromising the household’s level of comfort. Water dema nds are met through rain water harvesting

process. Heating, Ventilation and Air condition systems are reduced in size to provide optimal performance at local conditions. As a result, the capital cost also is reduced. Keeping in mind of biodiversity and ecological balance, GRIHA supports minimization of deforestation and land erosion on site. Pollution and waste are controlled through recycling and reuse of energy mechanisms. The above mentioned processes ensure health benefits with reduced water and air pollution. Moreover, green building owners get the image of being conscious and sensitive to environmental degradation. By getting their buildings rated under GRIHA, they are contributing in maintaining biodiversity and protecting the earth from further damage. In effort to promote green designs, MNRE provides incentives to developers and users with a minimum project size of 2500 square meters. It reimburses of up to 90% of the registration fee for buildings under 5000 square metres area with minimum three star rating and for those getting four star rating over 5000 square metres area. For architects and design team complying with GRIHA benchmarks, they receive Rs 2, 50,000 for projects between 2500 to 5000 square metres area; and Rs 5 lakhs for projects over 5000 square metres area. MNRE also provides a subsidy on solar photo voltaic (solar energy used for generating electricity) and solar thermal (hot water systems).

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2.8.

Case Study

2.8.1. Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering Building (CESE) At IIT, Kanpur 2.8.1.1.

Introduction

Project:

Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering

Location

IIT Kanpur

Climate

Composite

Built-up Area

4240 m2

Air-conditioned area

1912 m2

Energy consumption reduction

41% per year

Water consumption reduction

70% below GRIHA’s benchmarks

GRIHA RATING

***** (5 stars)

Operational schedule

Day time, 6 working days in a week Table 2: General Information

.

IIT

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Figure 10: Kanpur

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2.8.1.2. 

Green Features of the Building

The width of the floor plate is reduced for the same amount of floor plate area thereby allowing natural light to penetrate deep into the interior spaces.



It ensures that part of the façade is always shaded.

Figure 11: Floor Plan

Figure 12: Section

2.8.1.3.

Sustainable Site Planning

In order to minimize impact of site development on the environment and surroundings, several practice guidelines were adopted like demarcation of site for construction, installation dust screen around the disturbed area to prevent air pollution and spillage to undisturbed site area. Top soil was excavated, stored and preserved outside the disturbed construction site. Erosion control systems were adopted and several trees on site were protected. To increase the preciousness of site and to reduce heat island effect caused due to hard paving

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around the building, total paving around the building was restricted to 17%, and more than 50% of the paving is either pervious or shaded by trees. Irrigation water demand has been reduced by more than 50% in comparison to GRIHA benchmark. Adequate health and safety measures related to construction were taken.

Figure 13: Top soils was excavated, stored and preserved

Figure 14: Tree preservation

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Figure 15: Sustainable Site Planning

2.8.1.4.

Water Conservation

There are two ways of conserving water during post construction and after the building is occupied. One is landscape water demand and second is building water demand. In this building, reduction in landscape water demand by more than 50% was achieved by use of minimum grass/lawn area, maximum green area under native vegetation and native trees. Low flow plumbing fixtures are used in the building resulting in reduced water consumption from GRIHA’s benchmark in this building by 62%.Waste water is treated and reused for

irrigation. Rain water harvesting has been designed.

Figure 16: Low flow plumbing fixtures Figure 17: Maximum green areas

2.8.1.5.

Conservation and Efficient Utilization of Resource: Energy

Maximum point’s weight age in GRIHA is given for energy conservation. The criteria and

commitment for energy conservation could be divided into three parts. 

Energy: end use



Energy: embodied and construction



Energy: Renewable energy utilization

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2.8.1.6.

Energy: End Use

The objective and the aim is to reduce annual energy consumption of the building. This has been achieved in CESE building at IIT, Kanpur through following ways. 

Architectural design optimized as per the climate of Kanpur, sun path analysis, predominant wind direction, and existing vegetation.



Optimized building envelope to comply to the Energy Conservation Building. Code, to reduce cooling load in the air conditioned spaces and to achieve thermal comfort in the non-air conditioned areas.



Efficient window design by selecting efficient glazing, external shading to reduce solar heat gain but at the same time achieve glare free natural daylight inside all the laboratory spaces of the building.



Roof shaded by bamboo trellis and green cover to reduce external solar heat gains from the roof.



Common circulation areas are natural day lit and naturally ventilated through integration of skylights and ventilators.



Water cooled chiller selected that complies with the efficiency recommended by the Energy Conservation Building code.



Variable Frequency Drive installed in the Air Handling Units (AHUs).



Low energy strategies such as replacement of water cooler by water body to cool the condenser water loop, integration of thermal energy storage and earth air tunnels enabled reduction in chiller capacity.



Integration of energy efficient lighting design that complies to the recommendations of ECBC.

Figure 18: Glare Free light

Figure 19:Roof shaded by bamboo trellis

‘

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Figure 20: Low energy strategies

2.8.1.7.

Figure 21 : Skylight and ventilation

Energy: Embodied and Construction

GRIHA encourages replacement of high energy intensive materials with low energy intensive materials, to utilize regionally available materials, materials which use low energy in their manufacturing process. Following are the measures incorporated at CESE building, IIT, Kanpur: 

Portland Pozzolona Cement (PPC) with fly-ash content is used in plaster and masonry mortar.



Wood for doors is procured from commercially managed forests. Modular furniture made from particle board is used for interiors.

2.8.1.8.

Energy: Renewable Energy Utilization

Following are the measures incorporated at CESE building, IIT, Kanpur to integrate renewable sources of energy with the building: 

Renewable energy from photovoltaic panels provide annual energy requirements equivalent to 30% of internal lighting connected load.



Hot water demand is met by solar hot water system.

Figure 22:Tree preservation

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2.8.1.9.

Special Features



The building is fully compliant with the ECBC (Energy Conservation Building Code).



Sustainable site planning has been integrated to maintain favorable micro climate.



The architectural design has been optimized as per climate and sun path analysis.



Energy efficient artificial lighting design and daylight integration.



Energy efficient air conditioning design with controls integrated to reduce annual energy consumption.



Passive strategies such as an earth air tunnel incorporated in the HVAC design to reduce the cooling load.

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2.8.2. Suzlon One Earth 2.8.2.1.

Introduction

Owner:Suzlon Energy Ltd. Architect: Christopher Charles Benninger Type: Office Block with Corporate Learning Center Site area: 45,392 sq.m. Built up area: 70,865 sq.m. Capacity –3000 employees Objectives: To showcase as building project with minimal impact on the environment Climate: hot semi-arid and tropical wet and dry climate Only Building in India with both LEED Platinum and GRIHA Five Star certified campus. India’s first campus 100% on r enewable energy

Figure 23: Suzlon One Earth

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2.8.2.2.

The Site

The site for Suzlon campus is located behind Kumat IT Park, Pune, Maharastra, India. Thislocation is surrounded by large townships and IT parks, the site rests amidst a fast growing suburban context.

Figure 24: Suzlon One Earth- Site Highlights

Land

443,473 sqft (10.18 acres)

Office space

598,256 sqft

Terminus (basement)

223,270 sqft

Open space (landscape)

185,578 sqft

Capacity

2300

Table 3: Space Distribution

2.8.2.3. 

About Design

Campus built on a concept of Global Village o

Global standing for adoption of best practices across the world and integration of best practices

o

Village being for integration taking into account the local aspect of architecture, culture and climate



Purpose is to provide protection from climate hence is climate responsive



Building envelope been designed taking into account the climate of Pune, Maharashtra and India



Buildings are low rise, direction oriented, have double glazed glass to provide sufficient light into building but not heat

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Figure 25: Systematic organization from part to whole

Figure 26: The Whole on Site

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Figure 27: Conceptual Sketch

2.8.2.4. 

Driving Factors of the Project

Sustainability:Principles of sustainability as site selection, design, construction,

material and operations o

Energy- focus on renewable resources from construction to operations and

optimization of the needs at source o

Water - attempt to conserve it by adopting methods from design to operations

o

Waste- focus on waste minimization from source and responsible disposal

methods o

Material- focus on use of environment friendly and certified material through

efficient sourcing 

Inspiring place to work- it’s a place which inspires and motivate providing healthy and productive environment for occupants in terms of indoor air quality and daylight usage.

Figure 28: Driving Factors

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2.8.2.5. 

Green Building Design Features

Passive design strategies for visual and thermal comfort with minimum interventions of technologies



Orientation of the blocks face N, S, N-W, S-E for adequate day lighting and glare control



Use of louvers for shading

Figure 29: Orientation and Shading Devices Used



Office Block partly self-shaded to create interesting office atmosphere, break-out spaces as small terraces are scattered all over the office block



To minimize disturbance on site, to ensure easy maintenance, various utility corridors have been provided coupled with the roads and pathways on site.



Use of high efficiency mechanical systems significantly reduce energy consumption of the building



Equipped with LED lights governed by motion sensors i.e. turn on only when people are seated on their seats reduces lighting load to 0.8 W/sq.ft.



HVAC system like pre-cooling of fresh air heat recovery/exchanger mechanisms to minimize energy consumption in HVAC

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

Managed to reduce energy consumption by 47% below the GRIHA criterion 14 benchmark figures

Figure 30:Controlled Solar Access Shading with Mass articulationfor maximum solar energy generation



Adopt standards for energy and water management which is reflected in their projected energy and water savings



Use of renewable energy systems as solar PV, windmills



Reduce water consumption by use of low flow fixtures (65% less water than conventional buildings for sanitary purposes)



Reduce landscape water requirement by 50%



Over 55% of water is recycled and reused within the complex



Use of low-energy materials, recycled content



Minimize environmental impact with contemporary feel to the buildings and spaces, thereby proving the point that green buildings can be as aesthetically pleasing as any conventional building and yet are able to have minimal negative impact on environment.



System flexibility of variable refrigerant volume system (hvac)



The indoor unit's cooling operation can be controlled to maintain desired temperature in any location in the premises according to end user's needs and preferences.



Optimize building design to reduce the conventional energy demand



Optimize the energy performance of the building within specified comfort limits



Utilization of fly ash in the building structure

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

Reduce volume, weight, and time of construction by adopting an efficient technology



Use low-energy material in the interiors

Project Performance Targets –Energy Carbon Neutral (through on site + off site energy) 

Zero Net Energy for Lighting (through On-Site generation)



PV systems integrated in design



Micro Wind (to be evaluated)



Biomass (Kitchen waste + STP output + landscape Waste)

Envelope Performance –Minimal Heat Gain (40% better than ASHRAE 90.1 2007 and ECBC envelope standards) –100% shaded Glazing during summer (April-October) –Natural Ventilation Potential in transition spaces –Day lighting (>90% Day lit spaces)

Figure 31: Envelope Detailing with Section and 3d View

Figure 32: High Performance Glazing- Envelope

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2.8.2.6. 1)

Criteria Applied on Suzlon One Earth Based on GRIHA and LEED

Sustainability at the Site

The Suzlon project has a Transportation Policy inplace to cater to about 20% of the building occupants and employees can avail the company bus services in addition to the 200 executives participate in the carpooling program and 30 preferred parking spaces have been reserved for carpools. Alternative Transportation has been encouraged in this project by providing 96 e-charging points to promote the use of low emitting and alternative fuel stations like electric cars and bikes. Various Water Treatment Techniques have been used in Suzlon One Earth project to ensure general water quality. The Rain water harvesting system helps to capture and treat and reuse the rain water on site.This reduces the need for potable water. The project has mitigated the heat island effect by providing 90.99% roof with SRI compliant materials. The steep slope roof is provided with high reflectance Indiana copper coatedKalzip Aluminum Profile sheet whereas the flat roof uses white ceramic tiles; a concept quite often seen in traditional architecture. The Solar Reflectance Index of these materials is more than 78, combining envelope performance with cost effectiveness.

Figure 33: Sustainability at the Site

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2)

Water Efficiency

The Suzlon project is an excellent example of a buildingthat is water efficient. The water use is reduced; generatedsewage is treated and reused on site.To maximize the water efficiency within the buildingsto reduce the burden on municipal water supply andwaste water systems, following water saving fixturesare installed at site: Low flow faucets (pressure compensated 1.6 GPMeconomic aerators) Touchless urinals with hytronic sensor (0.22l/sec;default flush time of 4 secs.) Geberit concealed Dual Flush - half/full (0.8/1.6 GPF) The on site waste water treatment is being done througha Sewage Treatment plant located at basement to treatthe wastewater to tertiary standards. This treated wateris used for Irrigation completely by eliminating the potablewater demand by 100%. The treated water is also used forAC make up for the water cooled chillers.

Figure 34: Water Efficiency

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Figure 35: Efficient water use during construction- Use of Ready Mix Concrete, Efficient Curing System, and Chemical Curing

3)

Energy Efficiency 

Optimize building design to reduce the conventional energy demand



Optimize the energy performance of the building within specified comfort limits



100% renewable energy campus: 155KW on site wind solar hybrid system



o

Solar PV: 0.23KWX243 panels

o

Wind: 4.75KWX18 no. turbines

o

BIPV: 0.105KWX128 modules

100% external and common area lighting, indoor AC units and communication serveron renewable energy resources



Efficient envelope design with high performance glazing, over deck insulation, reduced interior light density, day light density, day light optimization



LED for outdoor and street lighting, occupancy sensors



1 year, renewable energy generated: o

On site: 0.122 million units

o

Off site: 4.26 million units

Efficient Lighting Design

Dimmable ballasts in conjunction with daylight sensors are used throughout the Open Office space. 

General lighting at 350 Lux.



The Artificial Lights -dimmed up & dimmed down from 0% to 100% depending on the adequacy of available daylight to meet the 350lux requirement.



The Task Lights have an Intelligent Built-in Occupancy sensor in conjunction with a Continuous dimmer.

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

Lighting of individual offices is controlled by combined daylight and occupancy sensors.



90 % of the Luminaries in the Office space are with dimmable ballasts & are either connected to Occulux sensors, daylight sensors.



The installed lighting of office spaces has been designed at 0.8 W/sq. ft., 0.75W/Sq.ft. for cores, 0.23W/ sq. ft. for basement parking. Overall L.P.D. by whole building area method is 0.8 W/ sq. ft.

Figure 36: Renewable Energy

Figure 37: Renewable Energy

4)

Materials

To reduce impacts resulting from extraction and processing of new virgin materials, products with high recycle content are used, which measure to about 13.26% of the total value of the materials in the project. The use of PPC cement for non-structural areas with fly ash, use of

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Rerolled reinforcement steel, Fly Ash Bricks, High recycled content carpets and modular ceilings are also a part of the Green design features.

Figure 38: Use low-energy material in the interiors- Recycled Content, Local / Regional Materials, Rapidly Renewable Materials, Low-Emitting Materials

5)

Indoor Environmental Quality

The Suzlon One Earthteam has taken measures to ensure a very high level of indoor environment in this project. Some of the Green features pertaining to IEQ are listed below 

Campus is non smoking.



CO2 Sensors have been provided in densely occupied spaces and workstation areas to monitor and control CO2 levels inside the building.



HVAC system is designed for 30% additional ventilation rates required by ASHRAEStandard.



Low emitting materials - To reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants Low Emitting Adhesives, Sealants, Paints and Carpets and composite wood products have been used.



3M Mats are being used at the entrances to prevent dust entering into the building. Separate exhausts for the photocopier rooms, separate plumbing at selected service rooms.

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

Task lights are provided for individual control for all the workstations and occupancy sensors are provided for all the areas such as cabins, meeting rooms and workstation areas.



For Thermal Control openable panels are provided in the glazing for more than 50% of building occupants.





Also there are remote controls for each Indoor VRV unit for thermal control. Multi occupant spaces provided with multi-functional light module, DSI Smart Sensor occulux, CEFL PIR Occus switches.

Figure 39: Indoor Environmental Quality

6)

Innovation in design 

Green Design Education – Suzlon has in place a ‘GreenDesign Education’ policy through which green design education in given to the new recruits, green awareness program to employees as per training calendar & continuous GreenEducation Programs, distribution, display and dissemination of green education information.



Green Housekeeping Policy –Suzlon with help of CBRE has in place a ‘Green Housekeeping’ policy through which a green housekeeping products and process

has been implemented.

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

Exemplary Performance In Regional Material – The project has achieved

exemplary performance by using regional materials which measure to about 50% of the total value of the materials in the project 

Construction On Renewable Energy- The project offsets more than 50% annual

energy consumption used during construction with renewable energy. This is the most unique approach taken by any project to ensure dedicated concern towards environment. 

Zero Waste Policy- In addition a Zero Waste Policy has been formulated that is

slated to become a very ambitious, committe d and synchronous part of Suzlon’s already established list of Green Corporate Social Measures. The Zero Waste Policy will guide people to redesign their resource use system with the aim of reducing waste to zero. It will also help to make people understand that resources such as paper, cardboard, food, etc. should be used responsibly in order to achieve a green office environment. The policy will project the fundamental understanding that waste management starts at an individual level and that the person generating waste should be aware of its importance.

Figure 40: Innovation in Design

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2.9.

Comparison Between Leed India And Griha LEED

GRIHA

It is led by the Indian Green Building Council It is conceived by TERI and developed jointly (IGBC) with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India. It is meant for rating new and existing Buildings include offices, retail spaces, Commercial, institutional and high-rise institutional buildings, hotels, hospital buildings, healthcare facilities, Residential buildings. residences,and multi-family high-rise buildings. Its initial cost is higher than GRIHA.

Its initial cost is less than LEED.

Rating is primarily based on per capita It is an easy, yet comprehensive rating energy consumption. system designed for India. “Too American" as the united states green

building council (USGBC) LEED offers conservation.

fewer

points

for

GRIHA on the other hand is made in India, for India

water Water is critical in India .GRIHA has given a major point for water efficiency.

Building commissioning is a mandatory Material and resource sustainability criteria requirement ,not a common practice in India are poorly Classification

1. Site Planning 2. Health and well being during construction 3. Conservation and efficient utilization of resources 4. Recycle, reuse, and recharge of water 5. Health and well-being 6. Operation and maintenance 7. Innovation points

1. Sustainable sites 2. Water Efficiency 3. Energy and Atmosphere 4. Materials and Resources 5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Innovation& Design process Certification is provided as per the scores obtained as follows

Score rating 26 - 32 certified 33 – 38 silver 38 – 51 gold 51 – 69 platinum

Score Rating 50-60 one star 61-70 two star 71-80 three star 81-90 four star 91-100 five star

Table 4: Comparative Chart

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Table 5: Comparative Pie-Chart

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3.

Case Study of Green Buildings in Nepal

3.1.

LEED: Practical Example Applied In Nepal - Hama Iron & Steel Building, Kamaladi

3.2.

Green Building Features



Parking Ventilation Based Co/Co2 Levels



Photovoltaic System



Wind Turbine



Solar Water Heating System



Cristopia HVAC System



VRV HVAC System



Waste Heat Recovery System



Building Integrated Energy Mgnt.



Energy Efficient Lighting Techniques



Rain Water Harvesting & Aquifer Recharge



Water Efficient Fixtures



Pedal Powered Generator For Electrification



Waterless Urinal



Sewage Treatment Plan



Insulated walls and openings



Thermal Displacement and Ventilation



Green roof



Eco-friendly Refrigerant / HVAC



Efficient Garbage Disposal



Hydroponics & Vertical Farming



Maximum Day Lighting and Views



High Speed Regenerative Elevators



Provision of Electric Vehicles.

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Figure 41: Section showing Green Features in Hama Iron and Steel Building, Kamaladi

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4.

Hama iron & steel building, Kamaladi

INTRODUCTION       

Location Building Type No. of stories Site Area Footprint Area Total Built-up Area LEED Attempt

Kamaladi, KTM Mix Use B+12 633 sq. m. 353 sq. m. 6405 s. m. Platinum Certification

Hama iron and steel building is more likely to be commercial building, then apartment and pent house. According to Wikipedia A commercial building is a building that is used for commercial use like office buildings, warehouses, or retail similarly apartment is defined as flat in a self-contained housing unit that occupies only part of a building and pent house is defined as an apartment that is on the highest floor of an apartment building containing luxurious features. SITE Site is located at Kamladi Kathmandu having irregular shape. The site is located at the commercial zone so it is supposed to be suitable according to its purpose Site selection   

Commercial zone Publicly accessible Good transportation for both vehicular and pedestrian

DESIGN CONCEPT The building is designed for commercial purpose since it is commercial zone, likely apartment is designed since it is easily accessible and the view of Kathmandu can be seen. On the other hand the pent house is built for personal use by owner.. the building consist of the terrace garden, then hydroponics plants plantation in elevation (Hydroponics is a subset of hydro culture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.) likely sewerage treatment plan STP(Sewagetreatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents), domestic, commercial and institutional.)

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Figure 43 Fire staircase

Figure 42 Ramp

Figure 45 Metal staircase constructions at the entrance of building

Figure 44 Metal ramp constructions for disable people

Figure 46 Space left for surface parking B. ARCH. – V/I

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Figure 48 Generator house

Figure 49 Sewerage Treatment Plant

Figure 47 Car hoist

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Figure 52 DTW access port above

Figure 50 Void for car hoist Figure 51 Metal staircases from basement to ground floor

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LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design)  

Most popular and widely known certification. Evaluates the environmental performance from a whole-building perspective.

LEED Credits Six Categories:       

Sustainable Sites (26), Water Efficiency (10), Energy & Atmosphere (35), Materials & Resources (14), Indoor Environmental Quality (15), Innovation and Design (6) and Regional priority credits (4)

LEED Certified (40-49), Silver (50-59), Gold (60-79), and Platinum (80 above)

4.1.

Sustainable Sites

SS Prerequisite 1: Construction Activity Pollution Prevention

4.1.1. SS Credit 1: Site Selection 1

Point

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4.1.2. SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation—Public Transportation Access 6 Point

5

Community Connectivity Tabulation Service Identification Business Name (Corresponds to Uploaded Vicinity Plan)

1 2

Service Type

6 7 8 9

3 4

10

Site Surrounding

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4.1.3. SS Credit 4.1: Alternative Transportation—Public Transportation Access 6 Point

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4.1.4. SS Credit 4.2: Alternative Transportation—Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms 1 Point

4.1.5. SS Credit 4.3: Alternative Transportation—Low-Emitting & Fuel-Efficient Vehicles 3 Point

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Basement parking

4.1.6. SS Credit 6.1: Storm water Design—Quantity Control 1 Point Site Run-off:

Pre-Development quantity (cft/storm) =

265.84 cft/storm

Post-Development quantity (cft/storm)

=

Percent reduction

=

171.08 cft/storm

35.65 %

TECHNICS TO MINIMIZE SITE RUN-OFF

4.1.7. SS Credit 7.1: Heat Island Effect—Non roof 1 Point

Option 2: Place a minimum of 50% of parking spaces under cover

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4.1.8. SS Credit 7.2: Heat Island Effect—Roof 1 Point

OPTION 2 Install a vegetated roof that covers at least 50% of the roof area.

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4.2.

WATER EFFICIENCY

Attempting Features for Water Efficiency 

Rain Water Harvesting and Aquifer Recharge



Sewerage Treatment Plant



Water Efficient Fixtures



Hydroponics & water efficient landscaping



Water Saving by 50% 

4.3.

Water Efficiency 

Reduction in consumption



Explore on site w/s option

LEED Criteria

4.3.1. Energy & Atmosphere 4.3.1.1.

EA Credit 1: Optimize Energy Performance (1 -19 Point)

Intent:

To achieve increasing levels of energy performance beyond the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use. Green Design (Hama Iron and Steel Building) vs. Conventional Design El.Demand(Calculat

Time

ed)

El.

Energy

Energy

Consumption/Year

Energy Consumption/Yr/ Sft.

Area

Convention

Green

Convention

al Sq . Ft.

Green

al

KW

KW

Hours

KW h

KW h

Efficien

Convention

Gree

cy

al

n

%

KW

h/Yr/

Sq.ft.

KW h/Yr/ Sqft

61,235.0

17.10

0

436.41

295.15

2,400.0

1,047,384.

708,360.

0

00

00

32.37

11.5 7

Table 6: Comparative chart of electrical calculations of different LEED projects

4.3.1.2.

EA Credit 2: On-site Renewable Energy (1 -7 Point)

Intent

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To encourage and recognize increasing levels of on-site renewable energy self-supply to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use. Potential Technologies & Strategies 

Use of net metering with local utility



Energy Saving by 30%



Nonpolluting, renewable energy as o

Solar Energy: Solar Thermal Energy (Water Heating System and Space Heating System, Solar Photovoltaic System)

o

Wind Energy Wind Turbine

Human Energy (Bicycle)



Figure 53: Renewable Energy Use (Left-Proposed), Slope roof for housing solar panels (Construction on site)

Electricity Use 

HVAC



Lighting/ Power



Regenerative Lift



Solar energy reduce 20% cost of total construction



Efficiency of PV Panels = 21%

4.3.1.3.

EA Credit 6: Green Power (1-2 Point)

Intent To encourage thedevelopment and use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution basis.

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Grid tied battery-less system of solar photovoltaic used so that the power they generate can be fed directly into the utility grid. Whenever the systems are active, the electricity produced is not stored; instead it is delivered directly to the loads in building or to the local electric company. If PV system is producing more electricity, the electric company then uses power to meet the general demand and you receive a credit for the electricity that your system produces. When this occurs, your utility meter will spin backwards, a very rewarding experience! This process is called net metering, and in most states utilities are required to allow solar PV systems to net meter. The advantage of grid-tied systems is that they are the simplest and most economical systems available. They do not require batteries and are more efficient than battery systems. A disadvantage is that when the utility power is out, the solar array

will

not

provide

electricity to your home or business. This is required to protect the utility workers repairing the outage

Figure 54: Scheme of a common grid-connected roof integrated PV installation.

Figure 55: Grid tied battery-less system

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4.3.2. Materials and Resources 4.3.2.1.

MR Prerequisite 1: Storage and Collection of Recyclables

Intent To facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills.

Figure 56: Grid tied battery-less system

Provision of easily-accessible dedicated area or areas for the collection and storage of material for recycling for the entire building at each floor is given as trash chute. Materials must include, at a minimum: paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics and metals.

4.3.2.2.

MR Credit 2: Construction Waste Management (1-2 Point)

Intent To divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incineration facilities. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process and reusable materials to appropriate sites.

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Figure 57: Construction Waste- Aggregate

Recycle and/or salvage nonhazardous construction and demolition debris. Develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site or comingled. Excavated soil and land-clearing debris do not contribute to this credit. Calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout. Waste construction materials as formwork are documented (batch number, number of reused and sold materials)

4.3.2.3.

MR Credit 3: Materials Reuse (1-2 Point)

Intent To reuse building materials and products to reduce demand for virgin materials and reduce waste, thereby lessening impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.

Figure 58: Construction Waste- Aggregate

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Use of salvaged, refurbished or reused materials, the sum of which constitutes at least 5% or 10%, based on cost, of the total value of materials on the project. Reuse of iron and steel waste from reinforcement bars are done for making structure for hydroponics, truss, trough, decorative rain chain. Materials and Resources used in HamaIron and Steel Building 

Double Grid ACP panel with themocoal sheet at back for both sound and thermal insulation



Double Glazed Glass used



High reflective stainless steel used on exterior



Expansive Poly Styli (EPS) used for interior partition insulation(4 inch thickness)



Cement fiber board used for wall partition



Use of metal and steel in staircase, structural purpose



Use of Sustainable Material o

Recycled Content

o

Rapidly Renewable

o

Certified Wood (FSC)

o

Low VOC Content Material Figure 59: Construction Material

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Observation of Construction of Cement Fiber Board Partition Wall 

Firstly, support for cement fiber board are provided



Cement fiber board then nailed to supports



Horizontal support provided from outside but are removedlater



Small holes to fill void at top are provided on cement fiber board



Mixture of cement, sand and thermacoal made in ratio 1:2:4 plus a spoon of adhesive chemical



Mixture then injected to void through those holes with help of vibrator



Then finally the gaps are filled finally.

Figure 60: Construction of Cement Fiber Board Partition Wall

Waste & Resource Management 

Sewerage Treatment Plant for grey water treatment (cistern with grey water tank)



Deep well tube – 200m deep with bio-sand filter for waste water treatment



Rain water harvesting as collection of water and recharging ground water table (20,000-50,000 gallon water tank capacity)

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Figure 61: Allocation of Waste & Resource Management on Basement

Figure 62: Waste & Resource Management

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4.4.

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

4.4.1. IE Q Credit 2: Increased Ventilation 1 point

Figure 63: ventilation

Plenum ventilation is used for the cross ventilation and proper air flow throughout the building.

Figure 64: ventilation at top



Chimney Effect Concept



Wind Driven Ventilator at Roof top

This effect helps for the natural air flow and helps to throw out the inner unwanted air from the building and provides the fresh inside.

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4.5.

IE Q Credit 8.1:DAYLIGHT AND VIEWS - DAYLIGHT

1 point

1 point

4.6.

ID Credit 1: Innovation in Design

1-5 point

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Figure 65: vertical greenary

4.6.1. HYDROPONICS: Basic concept:  

4.6.1.1.

Instead of soil, use of water & nutrient solutiion to grow the plant System needs to find a balance between feeding & plants

ADVANTAGES: 

    

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Greater food security Free from chemical pesticides o Reduced pathogenic contaminants o Direct integration of food supply into built environment Reduced environmental footprint Reduced transportation cost Reduced turn around time (no soil preparation) Enhanced energy management of building envelop

56


Figure 66: hydroponics

Light in the basement through ventilation on beams

Figure 67: lighting in basement

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4.7.

ID Credit 2: LEED Accredited Professional 1 point LEED AP- SUJATA TULADHAR 

To support and encourage the design integration required by LEED to streamline the application and certification process.

4.8.

REGIONAL PRIORITY CREDITS Projects outside of the U.S. are not eligible for Regional Priority credits.

4.9.

CHALLENGES TILL NOW…..



Standard data/ labs/research



Governmental Rules & Regulations



Communication with USGBC



Specialized Personnel

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5.

An approach to green building

5.1.

Calculation of criterias of GRIHA

The 34 criterias of GRIHA has been calculated as following:

CRITERIA

POINTS IN %

Sustainable site planning

15

Energy energy

efficiency

and

renewable 35

Water Efficiency

15

Materials and Resources

14

Health and well-being

15

Solid Waste Management

6

Total

100

Innovations

4

Grand Total

104 Table 5-1: Weightage of Criterias

5.1.1. An introduction to grey building Location:

Kirtipur, Kathmandu

Orientation:

North

Building Type: Commercial cum Residential Use No. of stories : Four

GF: Shops FF - TF: Rent ( individual room) ROOF: Open Slab

Figure 5-1: Grey building

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5.1.2. Existing Features

Figure 5-2: Ground floor Plan

SYMBOL

FEATURE

A

Main road

B

Shops

C

Neighbouring buildings

D

Open staircase at South

E

Hard Paving

F

Vegetable Garden

G

Well

H

Secondary Road at West

Table 5-2 Legend of the Plan

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Figure 5-4: Shops at North facade

Figure 5-6 Well

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Figure 5-3: Open stair case at South

Figure 5-5: Vegetable garden at south

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Figure 5-7: Open slab of roof

5.1.3. Sustainable site planning

S.N.

Existing

1

Hard paving

Proposed Reduce hard paving Introduce permeable paving Grass paving

 



Remarks Porous-permeable paving allows rainwater to pass through the cross section, and back to the ground water supply

Figure 5-8: Permeable pavings

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5.1.3.1.

Community Services

The community services such as schools, health posts, training centres, armed police force, temples are at a walking distance from the existing site.

LEGEND

Sym Services School Bus stop Armed police Center disabled

for

Training center Bihar Horticulture Figure 5-9: community services

Clinic Table 5-3 Legend of the

5.1.4. Energy efficiency and renewable energy

S.N 1. Remarks

Existing

Proposed

Bull’s Trench Kilns)BTK Brick

Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln (VSBK Brick

•

Uses 160 tones of coal per million bricks.

Figure 5-10: A VSBK kiln B. ARCH. – V/I

Figure 5-11: A VSBK brick 63


S.N

Existing

Proposed

2.

English Bond

Rat Trap Bond

S.N

Existing

Proposed

3.

Open staircase

Glass panel

Remarks Reduction in number of bricks by 20%-30%, cement 35%-45% • Thermal comfort • Economical •

Remarks  

Heat insulation Sound insulation

Proposed glass panel at Existing Open Staircase

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Staircase

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S.N

Existing

Proposed

4.

Open slab at Pergola roof shading

Remarks Heat insulation to the floor below

Pergola Shading at roof

5.

9”

thick

masonry

•

wall •

Cavity wall (north, south and west) Rat trap bond

• • • •

Damp prevention Heat insulation Sound insulation Economical

Cavity wall

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S.N 6.

Existing Open Wall

Proposed Punctured wall

Remarks Proper Ventilation

The existing open wall has been blocked and punctured for a proper ventilation The existing open wall at the south gives a cold temperature at Winter and hot at summer. To maintain the favourable temperature at both seasons, the open wall has been blocked with rat trap bond or cavity walls. Also the wall has been punctured to give the proper ventilation

S.N 7.

Existing Incandescent and Fluorescent lamps

Proposed LED Lights

Remarks • Reduction on energy consumption • Less carbon emission

Energy efficiency and Energy cost and environmental impacts

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

Incadescent bulbs

Life Span average

50,000 hours

1,200 hours

8.000 hours

Watts of electricity used

6-8 watts

60 watts

13-15 watts

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Light Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)

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( equivalent to 60 watt bulb ) Kilo-watts of Electricity Used

329 KWh/yr

3285 KWh/yr

767 KWh/yr

Energy Saving Cost

$ 32.85/yr

$ 328.59/yr

$ 76.65/yr

CO2 Emission

451 pounds/yr

4500 pounds/yr

1051 pounds/ yr

450

4-5

40

9-13

800

6-8

60

13-15

1,100

9-13

75

18-25

1,600

16-20

100

23-30

2,600

25-28

150

30-55

(30 Incandescent Bulbs /yr equivalent )

(30 Bulbs/yr )

S.N 7.

Existing Electric heaters

Proposed Solar water heater

Remarks Use of renewable energy

Use of renewable energy( sun) for the heating of water. B. ARCH. – V/I

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S.N 8.

Existing Lamps

Proposed Photovoltic cells

Remarks Use of renewable energy

Use of renewable energy( sun) for the generation of an electricity.

5.1.5. Water Efficiency Water is a very critical in Nepal mostly Kathmandu Valley. Most of the household are deprived of regular clean water. Thus, GRIHA has given major point to water efficiency. We had given water efficiency major 15% point. S NO

EXISTING

1.

Single flush toilet

2.

Collecting buckets

3.

PROPOSED

rainwater

in

REMARKS

Double flush toilet

Less water consumption

Rainwater harvesting

Utilization of rainwater

Water of well can be Use of well water at water used in water closets and closets, washing and irrigation. irrigation. Waste water from basin, sink and shower can be retreated and re-enter to the household water system

Re use of water Saving of water

Gray water from laundry can be subjected to basic treatment and reused to flush toilet and used for irrigation

Table 2: Comparative chart

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HALF FLUSH

FULL FLUSH

Figure 77: DOUBLE FLUSH TOILET

GUTTER PIPE RAINWATER CATCHMENT SAND FILTER WATER FILTER

WATER TANK

Figure 79: HARVESTING

RAINWATER WATER FILTER

Figure 78: PUMP

1.1.1.

Materials and Resources - 15%

S NO

EXISTING

PROPOSED

REMARKS

1.

Normal Brick

VSBK Brick

Low carbon emission

2.

Single Glazed

Double glazed

Thermal comfort

3.

Cement flooring

Parquet flooring

Durable

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Easy cleaning Non allergic 4. 5.

Half brick partition

wall

Concrete with cement punning at roof

Timber framed with glass wool Thermoplastic PVC roofing Pergola

Good insulation Flexibility Insulation Long lasting roof membrane

Green roof

DOUBLE GLAZED

PARQUET FLOORING

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1.1.2.

Health and Well Being - 15%

S NO

EXISTING

PROPOSED

REMARKS

1.

Toxic paints

Use low VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) paints, adhesives

Non toxic

2.

NO strict smoking

Prohibition of smoking within the building premises through sufficient warning and notice boards

Good Health

Proper lighting

Two rooms at west

A wall is removed to make a single room

English bond

RAT Trap bond

Open wall at roof

Punctured wall

provision

of

3. 4. 5.

EXISTING FLOOR PLAN

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Insulation Proper ventilation

PROPOSED FLOOR PLAN

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1.1.3.

Solid Waste Management - 6%

S NO

EXISTING

PROPOSED

REMARKS

1.

Disposal of wastes through municipality waste collector by truck

Use different colored bins for collecting different categories of waste from the building.

Proper disposal of wastes

1.1.4.

Cleanliness

Allocate separate space for collected waste before transferring it to the recycling/disposal stations.

Innovations - 4%

S NO

EXISTING

PROPOSED

REMARKS

1.

Open slab at roof

Roof garden

Temperature Control

Indoor plants

ROOF GARDEN

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1.1.5.

Overall Green Building Features

1

LEGEND

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

3

2

PARGOLA SHADING AT ROOF PHOTOVOLTIC PANEL SOLAR WATER HEATER GLASS PANEL DOUBLE GLAZED GLASS RAT BOND DUAL FLUSH W.C NON –TOXIC PAINTS GRASS PAVING

5 4 7 6

8

9

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6.

Conclusion

Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. Even though the initial cost for green building construction may be high but in long term it helps to save energy and reduces the operational cost. We can build a energy efficient building by using simple techniques such as rain water harvesting, using vernacular building materials etc.

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Report on Griha and Hama

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