UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL SANTA ESCUELA ACADÉMICA PROFESIONAL INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
“RECTIFICADORA UNIVERSAL” -CASTAÑEDA CHÁVEZ, Gabriel Omár -FERNANDEZ LOYOLA, Owhe El!a" -H#A$AN LO%EZ, A&'i ()i'r -SOLANO $OSCOSO, *r+a
NVO. CHIMBOTE CHIMBOTE - JULIO 201
ÍNDICE 1
P!"#"$%&'()$*******************************.0+ I$%!,''()$******************************.*.0/ O"%(,********************************..*0 J#%(3('&'()$*******************************.0 C&45%6, I7 N,'(,$"# B8#('&#***********************...09 I: II: II: III: III:
D"3($('()$************************.0; C&!&' &!&'%" %"!5 !5#% #%(' ('& &#* #*** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ***. *.0; 0; P&!%" P&!%"## " " $& $& !"'% !"'%(3(3(' ('& &,! ,!& & $( $(" "!# !#&6 &6** **** **** **** **** **** **.0 .0< < +.1 +.1. B&$' B&$'& &&*** &***** **** **** *** ***** ****** **** **** ***. *.0< 0< +.2. M"#&**********************...0< +.+. +.+. C&" C&"=& =&66 P,!% P,!%&> &>" "6& 6&#* #*** **** **** **** **** **** **.. .... .... .... ...0 .0< < +./ +./. M,%, M,%,!! " " R, R,%&' %&'()$ ()$ " " 6& 6& M" M"6& 6&** **** **** **** **** ***1 *10 0 +. +.. M" M"6&** 6&**** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **.. ..1 10 +.9 +.9. C&" C&"=& =&66 P,!%& ,!%&4 4("=& ("=&#* #*** **** **** **** **** **** **** *** *1/ +.;. +.;. M,%, M,%,!! " R,%& R,%&'( '()$ )$ " 6& P("= P("=&* &*** **** **** **** **** **.1 .1/ / +.? +.?. P("= P("=& &**** ****** **** **** **** **** **** *** ****. ***.** **.. ..1 1
C&4(%6, II7 F$'(,$&>("$%, @ R"',>"$&'(,$"#*************..*.19 R"',>"$&'(,$"#*************..*.19 I: II: II: III: III:
F$' F$'(, (,$& $&>( >("$ "$%, %,.. ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ....1 .1; ; A# A#%" %"## 4&!& 4&!& ,% ,%"$ "$"! "! $ $ "$ "$ !"' !"'%(%(3(3('& '&, ,** **** **** **** **** **.1 .1; ; S" S"!( !(& & "$ ,4"! ,4"!&' &'(, (,$" $"## " " !"'% !"'%(3( (3('& '&, ,** **** **** **** ***. *.... ...1< 1<
C,$'6#(,$"#******************************..20 R"3"!"$'(&# B(6(,!83('&# *************************.21 A$",#********************************..*22
PRESENTACIN
2
L& 4!"#"$%" >,$,!&35& #" 66") & '&, ',$ "6 >,%(, " &! & ',$,'"! "6 ',$'"4%, '&!&'%"!5#%('&# "#%!'%!& 3$'(,$&>("$%, @ &46('&'(,$"# " 6& R"'%(3('&,!& U$("!#&6. E#%" %(4, " >8($& "!!&>("$%& "# " #>& (>4,!%&$'(& 4"# & 6, 6&!, " $"#%!& (& $("!#(%&!(& @ 6&,!&6 &!">,# #, @ ',$,'(>("$%, &'"!'& " 6& !"'%(3('&'()$ @ " "#%& >8($&. E6 "#%(, " "#%& "#%!'%!& "# %&>($ $"'"#&!(, "$ $"#%!, "#&!!,66, &'&>(', 4!,3"#(,$&6 @& " ',>, 3%!,# ($"$("!,# >"'8$(',# "">,# ',$,'"! "6 3$'(,$&>("$%, @ 6& "#%!'%!& ($%"!$& " "#%" %(4, " >8($&# ',>, >'&# ,%!,# 4,!" #"!8$ " %(6(& 4&!& &'&&,# " 4("=&#.
INTRODUCCIN
3
H,@ "$ 5& "6 >"!'&, ">&$& !"'%(3('&,!&# " !&$ 4!"'(#()$ 4&!& 4,"! !"&6(=&! (3"!"$%"# ,4"!&'(,$"# " &'&&, ',$ "%!">& '&6(& @ &,# $("6"# " !,#(& "$ $& $('& 4&#&& @ ',$ &6%, !&, " &%,>&%(=&'()$. E$ 6,# 6%(>,# &,# "#%&# >8($&# &$ ",6'(,$&, ',$#%&$%">"$%" &'5& "6 &>"$%, " 6& "6,'(& " !,%&'()$ "6 #(66, 6, " & >",!&, ,#%"$#(6">"$%" 6& '&4&'(& " 6& >8($& " ,%"$"! $ "'"6"$%" &'&&, #4"!3('(&6 " 6& 4("=&. E#%" 4!,'"#, " "6(>($& 4,! &!&#()$ 4"",# "#4"#,!"# " >&%"!(&6 4&!& ,%"$"! &6%,# $("6"# " %,6"!&$'(&# >"(,# "$ '"$%#(>&# @ >(6#(>&# 6,# '&6"# $, #"!5& 4,#(6" ,%"$"! ',$ ,%!&# >8($&# 4,! &!!&$" " (!%& #" &46('& & #4"!3('("# 46&$&# ',>, %&>($ & '(65$!('&# ')$('&# , '!&# 6&# ("!#&# &!("&"# " !"'%(3('&, "4"$"$ " 6& ',>($&'()$ &!>)$('& " 6,# >,(>("$%,# " 6& "!!&>("$%& " 6& $&%!&6"=& ",>%!('& " 6&# #4"!3('("# & %!&&&! @ " 6& &&4%&'()$ , #, " '&"=&6"# ($#%&6&,# "$ 6& >8($&. E6 4!,'"#, " RECTIFICADO %(6(=& $& "!!&>("$%& &!&#(& MUELA: @ #" 66"& & '&, "$ $& >8($& 66&>&& RECTIFICADORA. S"6" %(6(=&!#" "$ 6& "%&4& 3($&6 " 3&!('&'()$ %!&# "6 %,!$"&, , 3!"#&, 4&!& >",!&! 6& %,6"!&$'(& (>"$#(,$&6 @ "6 &'&&, #4"!3('(&6 "6 4!,'%,. L& !"'%(3('&,!& "# $& >8($& "!!&>("$%& %(6(=&& 4&!& ',$#"(! >"'&$(=&,# " 4!"'(#()$ %&$%, "$ (>"$#(,$"# ',>, &'&&,# #4"!3('(&6"# & "'"# & $& ,4"!&'()$ " !"'%(3('&, 6" #("$ ,%!&# " 46(, @ 6&4"&,. L&# 4("=&# " #" !"'%(3('&$ #,$ 4!($'(4&6>"$%" " &'"!, "$!"'(, >"(&$%" %!&%&>("$%, %!>(', %(6(=&$, 4&!& "66,# (#',# &!&#(,# !,#%,# 66&>&&# >"6&#. L&# !"'%(3('&,!&# $("!#&6"# #,$ 6&# >8# "!#8%(6"# " "(#%"$ 4"" !"'%(3('&! %,, %(4, " !"'%(3('&,# "$ (8>"%!,# "%"!(,!"# " "" ',>, "$ &"!,# #( #" %(6(=& "6 '&"=&6 &"'&,. S '&"=&6 4,!%&->"6&# %("$" $ &!(&,! " "6,'(& 4&!& &"'&!6, & 6&# '&!&'%"!5#%('&# " 6& >"6& " #" ($',!4,!&!8 @ &6 %(4, " 4("=& " !"'%(3('&.
OBJETIVO
4
L& 4!"#"$%" >,$,!&35& %("$" ',>, 3($&6(& 4!(>,!(&6 "6 ($',!4,!&! & $"#%!,# ',>4&"!,# 6,# ',$,'(>("$%,# 8#(',# " 6& >8($& "!!&>("$%& “R"'%(3('&,!& U$("!#&6”
JUSTIFICACIN G!&'(&# & 6& ($"#%(&'()$ !"&6(=&& "6 #(("$%" %!&&, #" #%(3('& 4,!"7 -
T("$" $ 3($ 4,#(%(, "6 '&6 "# ($3,!>&!. T("$" $& #)6(& (>4,!%&$'(& "$ !"6&'()$ & $"#%!& 4!,3"#()$. S"!8 " &4,@, "$ 6&# '6&#"# " 4!8'%('& @ "$ 6&# &#"# " M"'8$('& "$ "6 "$%,!$, " %&66"!"#.
5
CAPÍTULO I7 NOCIONES BÁSICAS
I)
DEFINICIÓN -
E# $& >8($&-"!!&>("$%& ,$" "6 >,(>("$%, " ',!%" " "# '(!'6&! ',!!"#4,$" & 6& "!!&>("$%& >"6& &!&#(&:. L& 4("=& " %&>($ "#%8 &$(>&& " $ >,(>("$%, " !,%&'()$ 4,#"" "6 6
>,(>("$%, " &&$'" @ #" "#46&=& #(("$, $& %!&@"'%,!(& " 6" 4"!>(%" &'&&! 4("=&# " !",6'()$. E# $& >8($&-"!!&>("$%& ($('&& 4&!& "6(>($&! 4,! &!&#()$ 4"",# "#4"#,!"# " >&%"!(&6 "$ &"66&# 4("=&# 4!"(&>"$%" >"'&$(=&&# "$ ,%!&# >8($&#"!!&>("$%&# @ " %("$"$ $&# '&!&'%"!5#%('&# " !"=& (>"$#(,$"# , "#%&, #4"!3('(&6 " $, "# 4,#(6" %"!>($&! 4,! &!!&$" " (!%& ',$ "!!&>("$%&# " ',!%". -
L& R"'%(3('&,!& U$("!#&6 "# $& >8($& " >6%(46"# &46('&'(,$"# '&4&= " &3(6&! $& &>& >@ &>46(& " "!!&>("$%&# "$ &'"!, !84(, "!!&>("$%&# ',$ 4$%& " '&!!, ',!%&,! !,%&%,!(, " >"%&6"# 3!"#& "#4(!&6 #("!!& 4&!& !&$!&! >"%&6"# ',!%&,!&# '(65$!('&# 3!"#& " (#', @ " !"3!"$%&! ',!%&,!& ($,6%& " "$!&$&"# ',!%&,!& " ("!!,# &$6&!"# ',!%&,!& ',$", @ ')$'&, 3!"#& " "#4(& ',!%&,!& " !&$!&# "%'.
II)
CARACTERÍSTICAS E$%!" ## 4!($'(4&6"# '&!&'%"!5#%('&# 4,">,# >"$'(,$&!7 -
A4!,4(&, %&>($ 4&!& !"'%(3('&! 8$6,# " "#'&!(&,!"# @ ',!%&! "6 3!"$%" 4,! 6&# "#%!5&# " >&',#.
-
C,$ &''"#,!(,# ,4'(,$&6"# "#4"'(&6"# #" 4"" !"'%(3('&! !,'& " &!!"$& >&',# @ !"'%(3('&! "$ !&(,.
-
V"6,'(& "6 #(66,7 2?00 !4> @ "#%8 ',$%!,6&, 4,! $ ',$>%&,!
-
($"!#,!. C&"=&6 #,!" $& 46&'& " &#" !&&, " (!& 4,! +90, @ 4"" "#%&! "$!&4&, "$ '&6("! 4,#('()$.
-
L& ',6>$& " ("!!, 3$(, 4"" "#%&! &#%&, "!%('&6>"$%" @ "$!&4&, "$ '&6("! 4,#('()$. E6 >,(>("$%, "#%8 ',$%!,6&, 4!"'(#&>"$%" 4,! >"(, " $ >('!)>"%!,.
-
M"#& #4"!(,! " %!&&&! %("$" $& !&$!& 4&!& 3(&! 4,!%&-"!!&>("$%& "%'. @ %&>($ 4&!& 6,'&6(=&'()$ 4!"'(#& " '"$%!,# #"6%,#. E#%8 !&&, "$ &>,# (!"''(,$"# "6 C"!, @ (!& 4,! 1?0K.
7
T!&"#"!, %!&$#"!#, ',$%!,6&, 4!"'(#&>"$%" 4,! !"& " >&$, 3(&,
-
',$ >('!)>"%!,. 2.1.
C6&#" " !"'%(3('&,!&7 U$("!#&6. N&%!&6"=& "6 '&"=&6 4,!%&>"6&7 G(!&%,!(, @ "#46&=&6". N&%!&6"=& "6 '&"=&6 4,!%&4("= O!("$%&6".
-
2.2.
C&!&'%"!5#%('&# " C&4&'(&
L,$(% >8(>& " 4("=& &6 !"'%(3('&! "$ 6& >8($&. D(8>"%!, >8(>, " 4("=& &6 !"'%(3('&! "$ 6& >8($&. D(>"$#(,$"# >8(>&# " 6& >"6&.
-
2.+. -
-
III)
C&!&'%"!5#%('&# "$"!&6"#
C&!&'%"!5#%('&# " %!&&,
P,%"$'(& " 6,# (#%($%,# >,%,!"#. G&>& " "6,'(&"# "6 "" 4,!%&4("=&#. G&>& " "6,'(&"# "6 "" 4,!%&>"6&. G&>& " "6,'(&"# " &&$'"# &%,>8%(',# "6 '&"=&6. 4,!%&>"6& 4,! '&& ($"!#()$ " 6& 4("=&. G(!, >8(>, " 6& >"#& "$ 6,# ,# #"$%(,#. G(!, >8(>, "6 '&"=&6 4,!%&>"6& "$ 6,# ,# #"$%(,#.
PARTES DE UNA RECTIFICADORA UNIVERSAL L& !"'%(3('&,!& $("!#&6 ',>, >8($&-"!!&>("$%& #" ',>4,$" " 6&# #(("$%"# 4&!%"#7 +.1.
B&$'&& E# " 3$('()$ @ !,#%& 4&!& 4!,4,!'(,$&!6" !(("= ',$#%& " ,# 5&# $& ,!(=,$%&6 4,! 6& " #" "#6(=& "6 '&!!, @ 6& >"#& (!&%,!(& @ & 6& " &$ &',46&,# "6 '&"=&6 4,!%& 4("=&# @ "6 '&"=&6 ',$%!&4$%,. O%!& "# $& 5& %!&$#"!#&6 @ 4"!4"$('6&! & 6& ,!(=,$%&6 #,!" 6& " #" "#6(=& "6 '&"=&6 4,!%&>"6&#. L& &$'&& "# "6 )!&$, " ',$#%(%@" 6& 4&!%" ($3"!(,! "6 >,%,! #(!" " #,4,!%" 4&!& 6&# 4("=&# !,%&$%"# @ ',>, 4&!" " ',$%"$'()$ 4&!& "6 &'"(%" 6!('&$%". D"" %"$"! 6& !"#(#%"$'(& 4&!& #,4,!%&! 6,# "#3"!=,# ($%"!$,# 4!,"$("$%"# "6 #(#%">& ("6&->&$("6& 6& '46& " !"&''()$ @ "$ "6 '&#, " 6,# >,%,!"# $&&6"# "6 ">4" " 6& 6('". 8
+.2.
M"#& V& ',6,'&& #,!" "6 '&!!, @ 4"" (!&! , -: 10 #,!" $ "" "!%('&6 4", #"! ,#'(6&$%" , (!&%,!(&
+.+.
C&"=&6 P,!%&>"6&# P"" "#6(=&!#" #,!" 6& 5& %!&$#"!#&6 " 6& &$'&& " "#%8 "%!8# " 6& >"#& # "" 4!($'(4&6 "# 4&!&6"6, & 6&# 5&# "6 '&!!, @ & >,$%&, #,!" ,# ',($"%"# " 3!(''()$.
+./.
M,%,! " !,%&'()$ " 6& >"6& E#%" >,%,! #"!8 "6 "$'&!&, " &'"! (!&! 6& >"6& " 6& >8($&.
+..
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
9
L,# 4$%,# " ',!%" " 6& >"6& "#%8$ #(%&,# " 3,!>& &6"&%,!(&
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
+.9.
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
12
(!((! 6& 4("=& " %!&&,. E6 '"$%!, (, %("$" $& 4$%& " 90 " 4!,4,!'(,$& "6 &4,@, 4&!& " "6 %!&&, (!" "$%!" '"$%!,#. L,# #(66,# "6 '&"=&6 4""$ #"! 4!,46#&,# @& #"& 4,! $& &$& ',$ 4,6"& "#'&6,$&& , 4,! "$!&$"# " %!&$#>(#()$ "$ "6 '&"=&6. L,# %,!$,# ',$ 4!,46#()$ 4,! 4,6"& "#'&6,$&& #" ',$,'"$ ',>, %,!$, " &$& "6 %,!$, 4!,46#&, 4,! "$!&$"# #" ',$,'" "$"!&6>"$%" ',>, %,!$, " '&"=&6 " "$!&$"#. A6$,# %,!$,# 4&!& #"!('(, 6("!, @ >"(, "#%8$ "(4&,# ',$ 4!,46#()$ " "6,'(& &!(&6". E$ "#%" %(4, " 4!,46#()$ 6& "6,'(& 4"" '&>(&!#" >("$%!&# "6 "#(66, "6 '&"=&6 "#%8 (!&$,. S($ ">&!, '&$, "6 %,!$, '&>(& "$ "6 ($%"!&6, " &6%& & && "6,'(& , ('""!#& "6 "#(66, "6 %,!$, "" "%"$"!#" &$%"# " #" && "6 '&>(, 3" "6,'(&. L& 4&6&$'& " &&$'" "$ !""!#& >,$%&& #,!" "6 '&"=&6 ($("!%" 6& !,%&'()$ " 6& &!(66& " &&$'" @ %,!$(66, +.;.
M,%,! " !,%&'()$ " 6& 4("=&
E$ ($%"!# " 6& 4!"'(#()$ "6 %!&&, #" "" 4!,&! #( 6& 4("=& !,%& "&'%&>"$%". P&!& "66, #" ',$"'%& "6 >,(>("$%, " &&$'" !,%&%,!(,. U$ !"6, " >"('()$ >"#%!& "6 "!!,! " !,%&'()$
+.?.
P("=& E# 6& >&%"!(&6 & !"'%(3('&! # !"'%(3('&, "# 4,! &!&#()$ 6, '&6 &'" " #" "6(>($" "#4"#,!"# " >&%"!(&6 4&!& ,%"$"! &6%,# $("6"# " %,6"!&$'(&.
13
CAPÍTULO II7
14
FUNCIONAMIENTO W RECOMENDACIONES DE USO
I)
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
15
II)
AJUSTES PARA OBTENER UN BUEN RECTIFICADO L& ,4"!&'()$ " !"'%(3('&, "(" 4&!& ,%"$"! $& !&$ 4!"'(#()$ ",>%!('& @ (>"$#(,$&6 4!"'&'(,$"# 4&!%('6&!"# 4,! 4&!%" "6 ,4"!&!(, ',>, !"6&! "6 &'"!'&>("$%, " 6& >"6& "6 !"6&" " 6,# !"',!!(,# "6 (&>&$%&, @ "6 >,, " ">46", " 6&# >"6&#. D" &'"!, ',$ "6 ($"$("!, " 4!,''()$ O#'&! A$!# M&$!(" P&!, &#"#,! %'$(', @ ',>"!'(&6 " 6& ',>4&5& H"!!&%"' S.A. (>4,!%&,!& " >8($&#"!!&>("$%&7 “$ !&$ 4,!'"$%&" " 6,# &''("$%"# "$ 6& ($#%!(& >"%&6>"'8$('& #,$ ,'&#(,$&,# 4,! 6& ,4"!&'()$ ($&"'&& " 6&# !"'%(3('&,!&# @ "#4"'(&6>"$%" #" 4!,'"$ 4,! "#'(,” #("$, 6,# >8# 3!"'"$%"# 6&# 6&'"!&'(,$"# "$ 6,# ,,# 4,! "#(!6&# @ ',$%#(,$"# ,'&#(,$&&# 4,! >"6&# 3(#!&&# " &6 ($('(&! 6& !84(& !,%&'()$ #" 3!&'%!&$ @ #" "#4!"$"$ %!,=,# & !&$"# "6,'(&"# , &"66&# >"6&# >&6 #"%&# ',$ 6&# " ,'!!" 6, >(#>, @ 4""$ 66"&! & '&#&! 6& >"!%" "6 ,4"!&!(, , ($'6#, " ,%!&# 4"!#,$&# 4"# "6 ,"%, 4"" ,6&! "$ '&6("! (!"''()$ 4,! %&6 !&=)$ 6, " 4!(>"!, #" !"',>("$& "#7 •
M,$%&! 6& >"6& &"'&& "$ 6& >8($& 4&!& "66, "# $"'"#&!(, 4!,&! 4!"(&>"$%" #( 6& !"& "#%8 &!("%&& @ "#%, #" #&" ,64"8$,6& #&">"$%" ',$ "6 >&$, " $ "#%,!$(66&,! , $ >&!%(66, #( "6 #,$(, "# "', @ $, "# $(3,!>" "$ %,& 6& !"& #"!&>"$%" "#%8 &"!(&& @ $, "" %(6(=&!#". T&>($ 4"" "!(3('&!#" &6 %!&&&! 6& !"& &6 &'5, 4,! %!"# >($%,# 4&!& ("$%(3('&! #( "#%8 "#&6($"&& , (!&.
•
U$& "= " #" "!(3(" " 6& 4("!& $, "#%8 &&& "" 6(>4(&!#" "6 &&4%&,! " 6& !"& 4&!& !"&6(=&! "6 >,$%&" " 6& 4("!& @ &#"!&!6&.
•
P,#%"!(,!>"$%" "# $"'"#&!(, &6&$'"&! 6& >"6& 4&!& 6, '&6 ""$ &'"!#" 6,# #(("$%"# 4&#,#7 -
V"!(3('&! " 6& >8($& "#%8 "$'"$(&.
-
C,6,'&! $& 4$%& " (&>&$%" "$ 6& &#" &''(,$&! "6 >&$"%,2 >"#&
>&$%('& " #,#%("$" "6 ,"%,: @ 66"&!6, &6 '"$%!, 6&
>"6& %(!&, $ 4,', &'(& 6& "!"'& %,, "#%, #($ %,'&! 6& 4("!&.
16
-
A''(,$&! 6& >"6&. L6"&! "6 (&>&$%" & " %," 6& >"6& 4&!& " 6(>4(" %,, "6 &$', " 6& 4("!& #" 6,!& " 6& 4("!& #" 6(>4(" " 6,# !"#(,# " >&%"!(&6 @ #" &6&$'"".
-
F($&6>"$%" "#&'%(&! "6 3$'(,$&>("$%, " 6& >"6& @ "6 >&$"%, #"4&!&! "6 (&>&$%" " 6& >"6& @ !"%(!&!6, " 6& &#". E#%" 4!,'"(>("$%, "" !"&6(=&!#" ',>, >5$(>, $& "= & 6& #">&$&.
•
M&$&6>"$%" 6(>4(" 6& &#" , &'%(" "6 #(#%">& " 6(>4("=& " 6& >8($& 4&!& "6(>($&! '&6("! !"#(, "(#%"$%" @& " #%" 4"" "#%!,4"&! "6 %!&&, " !"'%(3('&, " '&6("! 4("=&.
III)
•
M,$%" 6& 4("=& & !"'%(3('&! @ 4!"$& "6 >&$"%,.
•
C,6," 6,# %,4"# " 6& '&!!"!& " 6& &$'&& & 6& >"(& " 6& 4("=&.
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
4"" '&#&! "#&6&$'",:. L&# '"&# ""$ %"$"! "6 (#", @ (>"$#(,$"# &"'&&#. L&# 4("!&# ""$ "#%&! &6&$'"&&# 4,!" #( $, 6& #4"!3('(" 4!,'(& "&!8 ,$6&& @ 6& 4("!& '&#&!& (!&'(,$"# " 4,#(6">"$%" '&#"$ # 3!&'%!&. A6$,# #(66,# @ '"&# " >&($& 4"!>(%"$ &6&$'"&! 6&# 4("!&#. L&# 4("!&# &!&#(&# #" ""$ #&! " &'"!, ',$ ## "#4"'(3('&'(,$"# @ "6,'(&"# >8(>&# " ,4"!&'()$ @ $, #" ""$ "&! '&"! $( #,>"%"!6&# & ',$('(,$"# !8#%('&#. T&>($ #,$ >@ (>4,!%&$%"# 6&# "3"$#&# , &!&# " 6&# 4("!&# 6& 4!,%"''()$ "6 ,4"!&,! @ 6& #"!(& " 6&# 4"!#,$&# '"!'&$&#.
CONCLUSIONES L", " ($&&! @ 3$&>"$%&! '("!%,# "'%,# &'"!'& " 6& !"'%(3('&,!& $("!#&6 66"&>,# & 6&# #(("$%"# ',$'6#(,$"#7
L& !"'%(3('&,!& $("!#&6 "# $& >8($& "!!&>("$%& %(6 " (>4,!%&$%" 4,!" 3&,!"'" "6 ',!!"(>("$%, , &! >",! & 6&# 4("=&#.
P&!& $& ',!!"'%& !"'%(3('&'()$ &@ " #&"! @ (#%($(! 6,# 4&#,# 4&!& !"'%(3('&! $ >&%"!(&6 ($('&,# "$ 6& >,$,!&35&.
18
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS L&# 3"$%"# #&&# & $"#%!& (#4,#('()$ 3"!,$ ,%"$(&# (!%&6>"$%" 4,! &4$%"# !"',4(6&'(,$"# @ !"#>"$"# " ($3,!>&'()$7
R,&# G%(!!"= M ".: Maquinarias Rectificadoras. C,6,>(&7 M"%&6 A'%&6. %%47YYY.>"%&6&'%&6.',>!"(#%&1+>&($&!(&Z!"'%(3('&,!&#.43
6%(>,
&''"#, 20 #"4%(">!" 201:.
A$)$(>,.
Máquina
Herramienta.
%%47YYY.$%&"&$&6'(&."#&"!!,"#[0/;0010;"4&!%&>"$%,#"6"'%!('(&"6 "'%!,>"'&$('&4&($&Z%>>>,'>"$%,#MQ2C+Q2A1($&-H"!!&>("$%&.43 6%(>, &''"#, 20 #"4%(">!" 201:
G&!'5&
A!(%=>"$(
E
".:
Herramientas
( 2011:.
%%47"#.#6("#&!".$"%">$,1<<0>&($&#-"!!&>("$%&#-;+9;2;<
6%(>,
Máquinas
&''"#, 20 #"4%(">!" 201:.
A$)$(>,.
Maquinas
rectificadoras,
tipos
y
usos.
2012:.
%%47YYY.">&($&#@"!!&>("$%&#.',>>&($&#!"'%(3('&,!&#-%(4,#-@-#,# 6%(>, &''"#, 20 #"4%(">!" 201:.
T"66,
J
".:
Procesos
de
manufactura,
la
rectificadora.
201+:.
%%47"#.#6("#&!".$"%&$%"66,"64,%!,4!,'"#,#-"->&$3&'%!&-6&-!"'%(3('&,!& 6%(>, &''"#, 20 #"4%(">!" 201:.
A$)$(>,.
Rectificadora
universal.
(2012:.
%%4#74!"=(.',>-
/@!Z3$6"!"'%(3('&,!&-$("!#&6 6%(>, &''"#, 20 #"4%(">!" 201:.
ANEXOS Anexo 01 P&!%"# " $& R"'%(3('&,!& $("!#&6 19
Anexo 0! M"6&
Anexo 0" R"'%(3('&,!& M,"6,
M"66,
20
21
