2.8 QUICK TUTORIAL
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2.8 QUICK TUTORIAL This tutorial is designed to acquaint new users with the basic functions of OneLiner . We assume you have installed OneLiner (Section OneLiner (Section 2.1 or 2.3) and started the program (Section 2.2 or 2.4). If not, do so now. This tutorial will take about an hour to complete.
More: OPENING A BINARY DATA FILE MOVING SYMBOLS ON THE ONE-LINE DIAGRAM REVIEWING AND EDITING EQUIPMENT PARAMETERS REVIEWING AND EDITING RELAY PARAMETERS DELETING AND RESTORING EQUIPMENT ADDING EQUIPMENT GETTING AROUND SIMULATING AND DISPLAYING FAULTS DISPLAYING RELAY OPERATING TIME ON THE 1-LINE DIAGRAM DISPLAYING POST-FAULT SOLUTIONS ON OVERCURRENT RELAY CURVES VIEWING DIFFERENT FAULTS TRIAL ADJUSTMENT OF OVERCURRENT RELAYS ADJUSTING OVERCURRENT RELAY SETTINGS GETTING RELAY TEST VALUES DISPLAYING POST-FAULT SOLUTION ON DISTANCE RELAY CURVES CHECKING RELAY COORDINATION IMPORTING A NETWORK DATA FILE IN TEXT FORMAT IMPORTING A RELAY DATA FILE IN TEXT FORMAT CREATING A BUS FAULT SUMMARY PERFORMING A VOLTAGE SAG ANALYSIS SIMULATING FAULTS IN BATCH MODE PERFORMING A STEPPED EVENT ANALYSIS GETTING ONLINE HELP ABOUT OneLiner EXITING OneLiner TO EXPLORE FURTHER
OPENING A BINARY DATA FILE A 30-bus system is used in most of this tutorial. You will now open its binary data file. 1.
Select the File | Open Binary Data File command. N o t e : To select this command you first click the left mouse button on 'File' to open its pull down menu. Then click the left mouse
button on 'Open Binary Data File'. A dialog box will appear asking you for the name of the binary data file that you want to open. 2.
Open the file SAMPLE30.OLR as follows. Click once on the file name 'SAMPLE30.OLR' in the list box. The name will appear in the File Name edit box. Click on the "Open" button. The dialog box will disappear. After a short time the one-line diagram of the 30-bus system will appear in the Main Window.
N o t e : See Section 2.7 ONE-LINE SYMBOLS if you are unsure of the meanings of the various symbols.
MOVING SYMBOLS ON THE ONE-LINE DIAGRAM You can manipulate the symbols on the one-line diagram by dragging dragging them with the mouse. You never have to type in x-y coordinates. Try it now! D N o t e : “ Dragging” ragging” means to first click the left mouse button on the symbol you want to move and then move the mouse while you continue to hold down the mouse button. When you release the mouse button, the move will be completed. completed. 1.
Move a transmission line, transformer, or phase shifter by dragging the symbol. The horizontal segments can be moved vertically and vertical segments can be moved horizontally. Segments attached to a bus are constrained by the extent of the bus symbol.
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Move a bus by dragging the bus symbol. The bus symbol can be moved anywhere. The bus name and all the equipment attached to the bus will automatically move with the bus symbol.
3.
Move a bus name by dragging the name. The bus name will be replaced by a rectangle while it is being moved. The bus name can only be moved within a certain distance of the bus symbol.
4.
Move a generator, load, or shunt by dragging dragging the symbol. The symbol can be moved to either side of the bus symbol.
REVIEWING AND EDITING EQUIPMENT PARAMETERS You can review and edit the parameters of any piece of equipment equipment by pointing and clicking with the mouse. The procedure below is for a transmission line. The same procedure can be used to review and edit other types of equipment, except for relays (which will be covered next). 1.
Double click the L E F T mouse button on the transmission line between VERMONT 33 kV and OREGON 33 kV as indicated by the arrow cursor.
The line symbol will turn dotted red. A dialog box for this line will appear. appear.
2.
Edit the transmission line parameters. The text cursor (a blinking vertical bar) will initially be in a box labeled Name. Move the text cursor to the edit box labeled “X=” with the key. Type “0.03” to change the positive-sequence reactance to 0.03.
3.
Click on the "Help" button at the lower right corner. The on-line help window will appear. The help topic is set automatically for this dialog box.
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Select the File | Exit command to close the on-line help window. The on-line help window will disappear.
5.
Press OK to close the line dialog box. The dialog box will disappear.
REVIEWING AND EDITING RELAY PARAMETERS You can model both distance and overcurrent relays in OneLiner. The relays are stored in an object called the relay group. The symbol for a relay group is a small rectangle that looks like the traditional circuit breaker symbol. Relay groups are placed on terminal of branches that are protected by relays. You can review and edit the parameters of any relay by pointing and clicking with the mouse. 1.
Click the r i g h t mouse button on the third relay group on the right hand side of the bus labeled NEVADA as indicated by the arrow cursor. The relay group symbol will turn dotted red, and a floating menu will appear. Repeat this step if the bus or the entire line turns dotted red.
2.
Click on the Properties command. The following relay-group dialog box will appear. The list box near the top lists all the relays and fuses that are in this relay group.
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Click on the overcurrent relay labeled 'OC ground relay NV-G1' in the list box and click on the "Get Info" button. N o t e : OC stands for overcurrent and DS stands for distance.
A dialog box with the parameters of this overcurrent ground relay will appear.
The relay parameters are explained in Section 5.2, 'Overcurrent Ground Relays' in the On-Line Help. 4.
Press Cancel to close the dialog box. The relay parameters dialog box will disappear.
5. 6.
Have a look at the dialog box for a distance relay by repeating steps 3 and 4 for the distance relay labeled 'DS ground relay NV_Reusen G1'. Press Done to close the Relay Group dialog box.
DELETING AND RESTORING EQUIPMENT You can delete any piece of equipment by pointing and clicking with the mouse. The equipment you deleted is kept in a buffer until the end of the session. You may restore any deleted equipment later if you choose to do so. The procedure below is for a transmission line. Similar procedure works for other types of equipment. DELETING A TRANSMISSION LINE: 1.
Click the r i g h t mouse button on the transmission line between Vermont 33.0 kV and Oregon 33.0 kV. The line symbol will become dotted red, and a floating menu will appear. Repeat this step if the line does not turn dotted red.
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Click on the Delete command. A message box will appear asking you to confirm the deletion.
3.
Click on the "OK" button in the message box. The selected transmission line will disappear from the one-line diagram. OneLiner will automatically update the system model.
RESTORING A DELETED TRANSMISSION LINE: 1.
Execute the Tools | Undo Delete Line command. The line you deleted will reappear on the one-line diagram. OneLiner will update the system model automatically. N o t e : You can also use the Tools | Undo command works only for the last eight commands you executed. Alternatively, you
can restore a deleted line with the Network | Restore | Branch command.
ADDING EQUIPMENT You can add new equipment to the system by selecting the equipment type from the device palette and dropping a new device on the diagram. You will learn in the following how to create new buses and lines. Similar procedures apply to other types of equipment. ADDING A NEW BUS: 1.
Select command View | Device Palette to show the Device Palette if it is not already visible Click the New bus button
on the Device Palette.
The cursor will change into a cross with a bus symbol attached to it. 2.
Click on an empty space in the diagram to place the new bus.
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A dialog box will appear. The parameters in the bus dialog box are those of the last bus. 3.
Modify the bus data. Enter “New Bus” in the edit box labeled 'Name'. Enter “33” in the edit box labeled 'Nom. kV'. Change the area number to 1, and the zone number to 1. Change location to “NEW”. The Bus dialog box should look like this.
N o t e : The second page of the bus dialog box (not visible), labeled 'Breaker Data', is for circuit breaker information. The
breaker data are used by the ASPEN Breaker Rating Module (an optional module of ASPEN OneLiner) to evaluate the adequacy of the breaker interrupting rating. 4.
Press OK. The dialog box will disappear and a new bus will appear at the location you selected in step 2.
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ADDING A TRANSMISSION LINE: You will now add a new transmission line between the new 33 kV bus and the Vermont 33 kV bus. 1.
Click the New line button
on the Device Palette.
The cursor will change into a cross with a line symbol attached to it. 2.
Click the left mouse button on the Vermont 33 kV bus. Without releasing the left button, move the mouse toward the “New Bus”. A line symbol will appear with one end attached to Vermont 33 kV bus. The other end of the line will move with the cursor. When the cursor is near the “New Bus 33kV” bus, the bus symbol will turn dotted red. Release the mouse button.
A dialog box will appear.
By default, the line data is set equal to that of the previous line object. That is why the line impedances are already set to a nonzero value. (You can change this behavior in the Network | Options dialog box.) 3.
Give this line a reactance of 0.1 per-unit in the positive sequence and 0.3 per-unit in the zero sequence. Type “0.1” in the edit box labeled 'X'. Type “0.3” in the edit box labeled 'X0'.
4.
Press OK. A new line will appear between the selected buses.
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Press the key on your keyboard to exit from the Add-Equipment mode. The mouse cursor will change back to the normal arrow cursor.
GETTING AROUND Your computer monitor usually can display only a portion of your system's one-line diagram. OneLiner has several features that let you to navigate from one part of the system to another: • • • •
Find Bus: Move the viewport to the location of a given bus. This can be accomplished by using either the bus name or number. Scroll: Move the viewport horizontally or vertically. Zoom: Show the one-line diagram in the viewport with different magnifications. Split Screen: View the one-line diagram in two different panes at the same time.
These features are described in the following sections. FINDING A BUS BY NAME: 1.
Click the r i g h t mouse button in a vacant section of the screen. A floating menu will appear.
2.
Click on the Find Bus By Name command. A dialog box will appear showing an alphabetical listing of all the buses in the network.
N o t e : You can also press the F key on the keyboard to bring up this dialog box.
3.
Click on the name “California 33. kV 26” in the list box. The number 26 is the bus number.
4.
Press OK. A big green arrow will appear next to the bus. N o t e : You can locate a bus by its number by selecting the Find Bus By Number command in step 2.
SCROLLING TO VIEW DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE NETWORK: 1.
Scroll the one-line diagram vertically and horizontally by clicking the mouse on the scroll bars of the window or by dragging the scroll bar button. If you have a mouse with a wheel, rotating the wheel will scroll the one-line diagram vertically. Also, moving the mouse with the wheel pressed down will cause the viewport to move with the mouse. N o t e : If the network disappears, use the Find Bus command mentioned above.
ZOOMING TO VIEW DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE NETWORK: 1.
Change the zoom setting by dragging the zoom slider control on the tool bar.
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Zoom into a specific area on the one-line diagram. Click the r i g h t mouse button at a location. While still holding the r i g h t mouse button, drag the mouse to delineate a rectangular area that you wish to magnify. Release the mouse button. A floating menu will appear. Your screen will look like this.
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Click on the "Zoom In" command. The screen will show a detailed view of the network that was enclosed in the dotted rectangle.
USING THE SPLIT SCREEN OPTION: You can split the main one-line window into two panes. The two panes have independent zoom and scroll controls, and may display different quantities. You can edit the one-line in either pane. The other pane is updated automatically. The split window view greatly improves the ease of use: When you are coordinating the relays at two ends of a branch, you can position the split window to see what is happening at both ends at the same time. You can also view in the two panes the fault currents and relay operating times at the same time. The possibilities are endless. 1.
2.
Move the arrow cursor over to the left side of the viewport until it turns into two double bars with arrows pointing inward, as shown below.
Now while holding the l e f t mouse button down, drag the double bars to the center of the screen. The viewport will now be split into two panes.
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The active pane will have a yellow tint at the bottom of the screen. You can now scroll the two sections and modify each independently. CLOSE AND RE-OPEN THE BINARY DATA FILE: 1.
Close the file. Select the File | Close command. If you are running the working model, the file will close now. Proceed to step 2. If you are running the production version, a dialog box will appear asking you whether you want to save the changes.
Click on the "No" button. The current example file will be closed. The Main Window of OneLiner will show the word “ASPEN” on a gray background. 2.
Re-Open the file SAMPLE30.OLR. Click on the File menu to display the menu items. At the bottom of the menu, just above the Exit command, you will see the file name of the last four files you opened. The name SAMPLE30.OLR should be among the files listed. Click on the menu item “SAMPLE30.OLR” to open the file. After a short time, the Main Window will again show the one-line diagram of the 30-bus system. Drag the splitter bar back to the left edge so that only one pane is visible.
SIMULATING AND DISPLAYING FAULTS The following instructions show you how to simulate faults in the vicinity of a relay group. 1.
Click the r i g h t mouse button on the third relay group on the right hand side of the bus NEVADA 132kV. The relay group symbol will turn dotted red, and a floating menu will appear. Repeat this step if the bus or the entire line turns dotted red.
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Click on the Specify Fault command. A dialog box will appear asking you to specify the faults to be simulated.
Note there are four fault types within the Phase Connection group box: 3LG: Three-phase fault. 1LG: Single phase to ground fault. 2LG: Two phase to ground fault. L-L: Line to line fault. The “1LG” check box should already been marked. 3.
Click on each of the 12 check boxes labeled 'No outage' and 'With outage' to select all the available fault types. • Close-in fault: A fault immediately in front of the selected relay group. • Close-in fault with end opened: A fault immediately in front of the Selected relay group with the far end of the branch disconnected. • Remote bus fault: A bus fault at the far end of the branch. • Line-end fault: A fault at the far end of the branch with the branch disconnected from the remote bus. • Intermediate fault (also called a sliding fault): A fault in the middle of a transmission line. This option is not available to relay groups on transformers or phase shifters. • Intermediate fault with end opened: A fault in the middle of a transmission line with the far end of the branch disconnected.
4.
Move the text cursor to the edit box labeled '%' and type in the value 44. This specifies that the intermediate faults are at 44% of the distance between NEVADA 132 kV and REUSENS 132 kV. We will leave the phase connection to 1LG, which stands for single line to ground, and the fault impedance to zero ohms. The fault-specification dialog box should look like this.
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Press Simulate. A dialog box will appear asking you to specify branch outages.
6.
In the list box, mark the checkbox for the entry “6 NEVADA 132. kV – 28 ARIZONA 132. kV 1L ” to outage that line. This outage will be taken for all the fault types for which the "With outage" check boxes were marked.
7.
Press OK to begin fault simulation. A dialog box will appear to inform you of the program's progress. At the end of the simulation t he dialog box will disappear and the last fault simulated will be displayed on the one-line diagram. You will see a line that reads "1LG Interm. Fault on: 6 NEVADA 132.kV6 REUSENS 132.kV 1L 1LG Type=A… " in the status area at the bottom of the Main Window. This is a description of the fault that is being displayed.
The bus voltages are shown directly beneath the bus names and nominal kV. The branch currents are shown on the branch symbols. Both the voltage and the current will be displayed as complex numbers in polar coordinates. The zero-sequence quantities are displayed by default for a single-line-to-ground fault. The '@' symbol separates the magnitude on the left from the phase angle (in degrees) on the right. 8.
View other quantities on the one-line diagram.
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Select the Faults | Show Fault Solution on 1-line command. A dialog box will appear asking you to select the display options. The list box at the top of the dialog box shows the twelve faults that you just simulated. The fault being displayed is selected by default.
Notice the '3' in the 'No. of tiers' edit box. This tells OneLiner that you want to see the solution for all the equipment within three buses back from the fault. 9.
Click on the "Phase a" radio button to display the phase 'a' voltages and currents. The radio button labeled "Physical" at the lower-left corner is highlighted (by default) to indicate that the voltages will be in units of kV line-to-ground, and the currents in amperes.
10. Click on the “Display” button. The dialog box will disappear. The one-line diagram will be refreshed to show the phase 'a' currents and voltages. Note the letter 'A' between the magnitude and angle of the branch currents.
11. View other quantities using the toolbar buttons. You can display other quantities by clicking on one of the toolbar shortcut buttons.
The '0', '+', and '-' buttons are for displaying the zero-, positive- and negative- sequence quantities, respectively. The 'A', 'B' and 'C' buttons are for displaying the phase 'A', phase 'B' and phase 'C' quantities. The button that resembles a 'clock' is used for displaying the relay operating times. Click on the 'B' shortcut button to display the phase 'B' quantities. The one-line diagram will be re-drawn showing the phase 'B' quantities. 12. View the fault summary in text. OneLiner always prepares a summary for the fault being displayed. The summary includes the fault MVA, the fault current, the relay current, the Thevenin impedance, the x/r ratio, and the voltage at both ends of the relay branch. You can see this summary by opening the TTY Window. Click on the ‘TTY’ button on the toolbar. The TTY Window will appear. You will see the last part of the summary when the window opens. You can click on the scroll bars of this window to bring the other parts of the summary into view.
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13. Select the TTY | Close Window command to close the TTY Window. The TTY Window will disappear. 14. Use the Phasor Probe. Click the r i g h t mouse button on the transmission line between NEVADA 132 kV and OHIO 132 kV. The line will become highlighted and a floating menu will appear. Click on the View Phasors command. A pop-up window will show you the voltage and current phasors at one end of the NEVADA-OHIO line. The words “Solution at NEVADA 132. kV” at the upper left corner tells you that the phasors shown are for the NEVADA end of this line.
Click on Sequence within the “Current from this bus” box to see the current phasors for each of three sequences. Click on "Done". The phase-probe dialog box will disappear.
DISPLAYING RELAY OPERATING TIME ON THE 1-LINE DIAGRAM You can display the relay operating time directly on the one-line diagram. 1.
Click on the relay operating time shortcut button The screen will look something like this.
on the toolbar.
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The fastest relay time in each relay group is displayed above the relay-group symbol. The operating time is preceded by the symbol: • 'FU'
if it is from a fuse.
• 'OG' if it is from an overcurrent ground relay. • 'OP'
if it is from an overcurrent phase relay.
• 'RG' if it is from a ground recloser. • 'RP' if it is from a phase recloser. • 'ZG1', 'ZG2', 'ZG3' or 'ZG4' if it is from a ground distance relay. The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are the zone numbers. • 'ZP1', 'ZP2', 'ZP3' or 'ZP4' if it is from a phase distance relay. The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are the zone numbers. The words 'No active relay' are shown if there are no relays of the type being displayed within the relay group. The quantity '9999s' is shown if none of the relays of the type being displayed has operated.
DISPLAYING POST-FAULT SOLUTIONS ON OVERCURRENT RELAY CURVES OneLiner lets you plot overcurrent relay curves on the Curves Window. 1.
The relay group on the line between NEVADA 132 kV and REUSENS 132 kV should still be highlighted. Click on it with the r i g h t mouse button. A floating menu will appear.
2.
Click on the View Relay Curves command in the floating menu. A dialog box will appear asking you which of the relays in the relay group you want to display.
3.
Click on the entry 'OC ground relay NV-G1' in the list box. Click on the "OK" button. The Curves Window will appear showing the characteristics of the overcurrent relay NV-G1. The relay parameters will be shown inside a box to the right of the plot.
4.
We will add the curves of several neighboring relays to this plot. Select the Add | Relay Curves command. A dialog box will appear asking you to select the relay curves to be added to the plot. The list box labeled "Relays in Vicinity" contains the relays that are in the vicinity of the relay being displayed.
5.
6.
Increase the ‘No of tiers’ to 1. Select the entries for NV Fuse, NV-G2 and RE-G1 in the list box by marking the check box in front of each name.
Click on the “OK” button.
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The dialog box will disappear. The characteristics of the three relays you selected will be displayed on the same plot as the first relay. The parameters of the added relays will also be shown in boxes to the right of the plot. Note the relay curves and the parameter boxes are numbered from 1 through 4. We are now ready to display the relay operations on the plot.
7.
Select the Show | Relay Operations for 1 Fault command. A dialog box will appear asking you to select one of the fault solutions.
The fault being displayed on the one-line diagram is selected by default. 8.
Scroll the list to the first fault, '1LG Close-in fault on: 6 Nevada 132 kV-8 Reusens 132 kV 1L 1LG Type=A', and select it. Select ‘Manual’ in the Horizontal Shift option. Click on the "Display" button. The dialog box will disappear. The Curves Window will be refreshed to show the time-current points on each of the curves. The relay current and operating time will be added to the respective parameter boxes and the fault description will be shown below the relay-parameter boxes. You can specify different options that will dictate how the curves are displayed using the Misc. | Options command.
9.
Select the Misc. | Options command. A dialog box will appear allowing you to set certain parameters within the Curves Window.
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Click on 'Hatch' within the Fuse Curves box to fill in the area between the total clear and minimum melt curves. Click on 'Decades only' within the Grid Style box to display only the decade lines on the Curves Window. Click on "OK" to close the Misc. | Options dialog box. The Curves Window should appear as shown below.
VIEWING DIFFERENT FAULTS You can view relay operation for another fault that has been simulated. 1.
Select Show | Fault Browser to display the Fault Browser VCR buttons bar if it’s not already visible.
Press the VCR-like buttons to view the relays’ response to different faults.
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TRIAL ADJUSTMENT OF OVERCURRENT RELAYS Prior to adjusting a relay, OneLiner lets you experiment with the time-dial and pickup setting to see its effects on the relay's time delay. This feature allows you to find the time dial and pickup setting needed to reach a desired time delay for coordination. In this example, we will experiment with the settings of the fourth relay. 1.
Click the r i g h t mouse button on the parameter caption of the fourth relay. A pop-up menu will appear.
2.
Click on the 'Relay trial adjustment' command. A dialog box will appear. The relay type and the relay current are shown at the top of the dialog box. The relay operating time in seconds is shown inside the box labeled "Operating Time".
3.
Click on the up arrow of the vertical scroll bar to increase the time dial setting. The time dial value is shown below the scroll bar. As you click on the scroll bar, the time dial value, as well as the relay's time delay, will change.
4.
Click on the right arrow of the horizontal scroll bar to increase the pickup setting. The pickup setting is shown below the scroll bar. As you click on the scroll bar, the pickup setting, as well as the relay's time delay, will change.
5.
Click on "Cancel" to abandon the changes. The dialog box will disappear. N o t e : If you had clicked on the "Apply It" button the program would have implemented the new time-dial and pickup setting.
ADJUSTING OVERCURRENT RELAY SETTINGS You can adjust the relay settings while the overcurrent relay curves are being displayed. After each adjustment, the program will automatically re-compute the relay operating time and display the new curves. In this example, we will adjust the setting of the fourth relay to increase the delay. Please make a mental note of the position of this relay curve. 1.
Double click the l e f t mouse button within the parameter caption of the fourth relay. A dialog box with the parameters of this relay will appear, as shown below.
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Use the key to move the text cursor to the 'Time Dial' edit box and change the time dial setting from 0.5 to 1.4. Press OK. The dialog box will disappear and the relay curves will be redrawn to reflect the new setting. The new relay operating time will be shown in the parameter box. Note that the fourth relay curve is shifted upward as a result of increasing the time dial setting. Similar procedures can be used to adjust the pickup setting, the instantaneous setting, and other relay parameters. You can also change the relay curve if needed.
GETTING RELAY TEST VALUES After changing the settings of a relay in OneLiner, the program gives you the test values that are necessary to set the relay in the field. We will use the fourth relay again in the following. 1.
Click the r i g h t mouse button on the parameter caption of the fourth relay. A pop-up menu will appear.
2.
Click on the 'Show relay test values' command. A table with the test current (in primary and secondary amps) and the associated time delay will be displayed in the TTY window. These values will enable the technicians to set the relay in the field.
4.
Press Done to close the dialog box.
5.
We will close the Curves Window. Select the Misc | Close Window command. The Curves Window will close and you will be back to the Main Window within OneLiner.
DISPLAYING POST-FAULT SOLUTION ON DISTANCE RELAY CURVES OneLiner lets you plot the characteristics of distance relays in much the same way as overcurrent relays. and operating times. 1.
OneLiner will also show the relay currents
The relay group on the line between NEVADA 132 kV and REUSENS 132 kV should still be highlighted. Click on the relay group with the r i g h t mouse button. A floating menu will appear.
2.
Click on the View Relay Curves command in the floating menu. A dialog box will appear asking you, which of the relays in the relay group you want to display.
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Click on the 'DS phase relay NVPhase1' relay in the list box. Then, click on the "OK" button. The Distance Relay Window will appear showing the characteristics of the distance relay NVPhase1. The relay parameters will be shown inside a box to the right of the plot.
4.
Select the Misc. | Options command. A dialog box will appear.
These parameters include which units of time to display, which color to use for the circular grid and the desired font size. Click on "Cancel" to accept the default settings. The dialog box will close. We are now ready to show the relay operations for one of the faults. 5.
Select the Show | Relay Operations for 1 Fault command. A dialog box will appear asking you to select one of the fault solutions.
The close-in fault is already selected by default. 6.
Click on the "Display" button. The dialog box will disappear and the window will be refreshed to look like the figure below. The fault description will be shown below the relay-parameter box.
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The apparent impedances plotted on the complex plane are for informational purposes only. OneLiner determines the operation of this KD relay from the XYZ-triangle principle. In general, each relay type is modeled using phase and magnitude comparators that are appropriate for that relay type. The tripping information (in text, within the parameter box) is the output of this detailed model. Details on distance relay modeling can be found in Section 2 of the Distance Relay User’s Manual (In the Main Window, click on Help | DS Relay Editor Help to see the on-line version). In some cases – such as this one – the relay may trip even though none of the apparent impedances are within the relay characteristics. 7.
Select the Misc | Close Window command. The Distance Relay Window will close and we will be back to the Main Window of OneLiner .
CHECKING RELAY COORDINATION OneLiner has an automatic relay coordination checking feature that checks the coordination of a selected relay group against either its backup relays or the relays that it backs up. The coordination check can be done with line-to-line faults, 3-phase faults or single-line-to-ground faults. You may also instruct the program to consider single and/or double contingencies. The results will warn you of cases where the coordinating time interval is outside the range of acceptable limits you specified. The primary-backup relay pairs have to be specified before this feature can be used. 1.
Select a primary relay group. Click the l e f t mouse button once on the relay group at the left end of the line between NEVADA 132 kV and REUSENS 132 kV.
2.
Select the backup relay group. With the key held down, click the r i g h t mouse button once on the relay group at the right end of the line between NEVADA 132 kV and OHIO 132 kV as shown. A pop-up menu will appear.
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Click on the Form Coordination Pair menu item. A message box will appear asking you to confirm the formation of the coordination pair.
Click on "OK" to form the coordination pair. The coordination pairs are stored within the binary data file once they are specified. We will now begin to check the relay coordination. 4.
Select the relay group of interest. Click the l e f t mouse button once on the relay group at the left end of the line between NEVADA 132 kV and REUSENS 132 kV as you did in step 1.
5.
Select the Check | Primary/Backup Coordination command to check the coordination of the primary-backup relays. A dialog box will appear allowing you to enter the relay checking parameters. Enter all of the settings as shown in the picture below.
Click on the "OK" button to begin checking coordination of the relay groups. The dialog box will disappear. The TTY window will appear displaying the program's progress and the coordination report.
At the beginning of the coordination report is the name of selected relay group, the CTI (Coordinating Time Interval) criteria and the fault type. Following this summary, the report shows the names of primary and backup relays and a list of branches that will be taken out of service. The branches are numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. The program will check the coordination of these two relay groups by simulating faults on the protected line and comparing operating time of relays in coordination pair. The program will show the results in a tabular form. For each fault, the table will show: • The names of the primary and backup relays that operate fastest in the overcurrent relay groups. • Line outages, if any. • The current and operating time of the primary and backup relays. • The difference in the two operating times.
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• Fault description. • A warning flag; "W1", if the operating time exceeds Max CTI value or is below the Min CTI value. 6.
Select the Menu | Close Window command to close the TTY Window. The TTY Window will disappear.
7.
Close the example file. Select the File | Close command. If you are running the Working Model, the file will close now. Proceed to next page. A message box will appear asking if you would like to save the changes to the file.
Click on the "No" button. The dialog box will disappear and the main screen will turn gray.
IMPORTING A NETWORK DATA FILE IN TEXT FORMAT The import network-data feature is used most frequently by new users to create the one-line diagram for the first time. New users of OneLiner usually start by converting their existing short circuit data to an ASPEN text data file. ASPEN has a number of data conversion programs for data in the PTI PSS/E, GE PSLF, ANAFAS, ANARADE and other popular formats. (These and other data conversion programs are available free of charge to OneLiner users.) After converting the data to the ASPEN format, the users can then use the import feature to create the one-line diagram, which is described below. This procedure needs to be done only once. The network data and the graphical information are stored in a binary data file. We will demonstrate the import feature with a small 7-bus system. 1.
Select the File | Open Text Data File command. A dialog box will appear asking you for the name of the text data file to open.
2.
Click once on the file name EXAMPLE.DXT in the list box. Press Open. The dialog box will disappear. After a brief pause during which OneLiner reads and process the text data file, you will see a blank Main Window. A message box will appear informing you that 7 buses have been read in and none are visible now.
3. 4.
Press OK to close the message box. Place the bus WOODSIDE 115kV and its neighbors. Click the r i g h t mouse button once near the middle of the window. A floating menu will appear. Click on the “Place Buses” command in the floating menu. A dialog box will appear to let you select the buses to be placed. The left list box shows all the buses in the system. The buses that have been placed are designated by the letter ‘A’ at the end of the bus identifier. Click on the name “WOODSIDE 115kV 1” on the left list box. All the immediate neighbors of WOODSIDE 115kV are displayed in the right list box. The buses are listed in alphabetical order by bus name and nominal kV. Both of these buses are highlighted because the default option is to place all the neighbors along with the selected bus.
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Press OK. The bus WOODSIDE 115 kV will appear at the position of your last mouse click. The generator at this bus is automatically added by OneLiner. Its neighboring buses MTN. VIEW 115 kV and SANTA CLARA 115 kV are also automatically placed. OneLiner will add four lines, representing the four branches, between WOODSIDE 115kV and its neighboring buses. As a general rule, OneLiner will automatically add the generator, load and shunt at the new buses, as well as all the branches between them and the buses that are already on the screen. Note the bus symbol for WOODSIDE is solid, while the symbols for its neighbors are hollow. A solid bus symbol means all the neighbors of that bus are visible on the screen. A hollow symbol means one or more neighbors remain hidden. Tidy up the one-line diagram by dragging the symbols with the mouse. Use the picture below as a guide.
5.
Place the neighbors of MTN. VIEW 115kV. We know MTN. VIEW has one or more invisible neighbors because the bus symbol of MTN. VIEW is hollow. Click the r i g h t mouse button once on the bus MTN. VIEW 115kV. A floating menu will appear. Click on the “Place Buses” command. A similar place-bus dialog box will appear. The bus WOODSIDE 115kV is highlighted on the left. Its neighbors are shown on the right. The two invisible neighbors, PALO ALTO and MENLO PARK are highlighted.
Press OK. The buses PALO ALTO and MENLO PARK will appear on the screen. 6.
Place remaining buses by repeating step 5. Use the diagram on this page as a guide for the placement of the buses. After the last bus is placed on the screen, a message box will appear, informing you that the one-line diagram has been completed.
Press OK. The 7-bus system should look something like this.
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There is also an Export Network command, which creates a text data file based on the network data stored in the binary data file. The exported text data file can be in ASPEN format or one of the following foreign formats: PTI PSS/E format, GE PSLF and short-circuit format, ANAFAS format or ANAREDE format.
IMPORTING A RELAY DATA FILE IN TEXT FORMAT The relay import feature is designed to facilitate the transfer of a large amount of relay data from a text file into a OneLiner binary data file. The text file must be in the ASPEN Relay format described in Section 10. This command is used most commonly to transfer relay data from a foreign relay database into OneLiner . (Users of the ASPEN Relay Database can transfer relay data to and from OneLiner through a different mechanism.) We will demonstrate the relay import feature with a text data file called RELAY.RAT. 1.
Select the Relay | Import Relay command. N o t e : This feature is not enabled within the working model. next page.
I f y o u a r e r u n n i n g t h e w o r k i n g m o d e l , p le a s e sk i p t o t h e
A dialog box will appear asking you for the name of the relay data file to open.
Click once on file name RELAY.RAT in the list box. Click on the "Open" button. Once OneLiner accepts the file name, the dialog box will disappear and the TTY Window will appear. OneLiner will display in this window the program's progress as well as any data errors found within the text data file. Part of the data for each relay tells the program where it resides in the network. Relays that have valid location data are placed automatically by the OneLiner . There is also an Export Relay command, which produces a text data file that corresponds to the relay settings stored in the binary data file. The Relay | Export Relay command is the Import Relay command in reverse.
CREATING A BUS FAULT SUMMARY This command simulates 3-line-to-ground, 2-line-to-ground, single-line-to-ground and line-to-line faults at a number of buses and produces a tabular output of the fault currents and Thevenin impedances. 1.
Select the Faults | Bus-Fault Summary… command. A dialog box will appear asking you to specify the buses to be faulted.
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Leave everything else at the default settings. 2.
Click on "OK". The 'Save to File' dialog box will appear in which you must specify the output file name.
3.
Type in the output file name SAMPLE30 and click on "Save". Both the 'Save to File' and 'Bus Fault Summary' dialog box will disappear. When the simulation and file output are complete, the program will display a message box asking if you want to view the output file in a spreadsheet program.
Click on Yes to see the tabular results.
PERFORMING A VOLTAGE SAG ANALYSIS This command will automatically simulate bus faults and intermediate faults in the vicinity of a monitored bus (i.e., the location of a voltage sensitive customer) and tabulate the voltage at the monitored bus. Faults that cause the monitored voltage to dip below the threshold are flagged. 1.
Click right mouse button on ‘California 33.kV’ bus. The bus symbol will be highlighted in dotted red and a popup menu will appear.
2.
Select the Fault | Voltage Sag Analysis command. A dialog box will appear asking you to specify the input parameters. Mark the ‘1LG’ and ‘L-L’ checkboxes to simulate single-line-to-ground and line-to-line faults.
3.
Set 'Voltage threshold' to 0.6 per-unit. The voltage threshold is used as a stopping criterion for the fault simulations. The faults are applied first at the monitored bus, then at lines and buses one bus away, and two buses away, and so on, until the monitored-bus voltage for faults at a certain number of buses away is above the threshold of 0.6 per unit.
4.
Leave the 'No. of intermediate faults for each line' at its default setting 1. The program will place an intermediate fault at the midpoint of all transmission lines.
5.
Press OK. The program will ask you for an output file name.
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Use controls in the standard file-save dialog box to specify an ouput file name of “a.csv”
When the analysis is complete, OneLiner will display the voltage-sag results on the one-line diagram. Specifically, the monitored-bus voltage in per unit will be shown below each faulted bus name. The program will also paint a colored halo around each faulted bus to help you visualize its effect on the monitored bus. The more severe the voltage sag at the monitored bus caused by a fault, the darker halo will be painted around the faulted bus. 6.
View the CSV file. The program will ask you whether you want to view the .CSV file with your spreadsheet program. Answer ‘Yes’. You will see a window that looks like this.
SIMULATING FAULTS IN BATCH MODE You will simulate faults on two of the buses, bus 16 and bus 17. 1.
Select the Faults | Batch Faults Simulation command. A dialog box will appear asking you to specify the faults to be simulated.
2.
Select the fault type and phase connections. Mark the “Bus Fault” check box to simulate bus faults. Mark the “3LG” and “1LG” check boxes to simulate 3-phase and single-phase to ground faults.
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3.
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Select the bus number range. Change the 'Bus numbers from' and ‘to’ edit boxes to read 16 to 17. The dialog box should now look like this.
4.
Click on "Show bus list" to view the buses that will be faulted. A dialog box will appear listing the buses that will be faulted.
5. 6.
Click on "Done" to close the 'Selected Fault Buses' dialog box. Press OK in the 'Fault Specification' dialog box. Another dialog box will appear, asking you to specify the output parameters.
7.
Select “Output to text file" in the drop-down combo box. Press OK. The standard save-file dialog box will appear. Use controls in the standard file-save dialog box to specify the output file name SAMPLE30.txt, and click on "Save". When the simulation and file output are complete, the Progress dialog box will disappear and the Main Window will report that 4 faults were written successfully to the file C:\ASPEN\IEEE30.txt. You will see this message box.
Click on Yes to view the report file. The Text Report Viewer will appear, showing the first page of the output.
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Click on Next! on the menu bar to see the next page. The is result of the the 3-phase fault on OREGON 33 kV.
When done, click on File | Exit.
PERFORMING A STEPPED EVENT ANALYSIS We will simulate a sequence of events, starting with a single-line-to-ground fault at REUSENS 132kV. The program will simulate subsequent tripping and reclosing events until the fault is cleared or when no further tripping or reclosing events are forthcoming. Normally a bus fault is cleared by differential relays. In this case, we assume the differential relays failed to trip, and the faulted bus has to be isolated by relays in the vicinity. 1.
Click the right mouse button on the bus REUSENS 132kV. When the floating menu appears, select the Stepped Event Analysis | Single User-Defined Event command.
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A dialog box will appear asking you to specify the initiating fault at t=0.
Mark the ‘1LG’ radio button. Press OK. 2.
Viewing the events. A modeless dialog box displaying the events will appear. The relay operating time for the initiating event is shown on the oneline diagram.
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Press the forward button
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on the toolbar to view the next event.
When you reach the last event (event no. 5), the one-line diagram will look like this.
GETTING ONLINE HELP ABOUT O n e L i n e r We can use one of the three ways to get online help: 1.
Get help through the Table of Contents. Click on the Help | Contents command. The Help Window will appear. Its client area shows the contents of the on-line help topics that are shown underlined. line help contains the full text and graphics of this User’s Manual, from beginning to end.
The on-
