What does E.D.T.A. stand for?
What (ro(ert+ did Dunsk+ sa+ $akes #u(ivicaine @ Etidocaine lon" actin" anesthetics?
Pekruhn in 1986 showed what % of successful one visit !Ts? Accordin" to #au$"artner 198&' what % of sinus tracts have e(itheliu$ fro$ the oral $ucosa to the PA)?
Accordin" to :adison @ Wilco 1988'3 u(on evaluation of coronal $icroleaka"e on avera"e3 how far did all "rou(s leak after 1 week e(osure to saliva? !vek 1983 C
*n the earl+ 19,,-s "olf alls contained what dental $aterial in their cores?
*n 19683 who descried the ter$s elow and /i( in canal (re(aration3 and who later coined these ter$s?
What theor+ sa+s that (ain is a sensation resultin" fro$ activation of s(eciali/ed sensor+ neurons nocice(tors'?
What is the ter$ used to descrie laorator+ ani$als with $icroflora that are s(ecificall+ known?
0elin" 1999' discredited the use of what as a direct (ul(
Who was the 1 st to de$onstrate & different t+(es of a(ical
ca((in" a"ent?
closures durin" a(eification (rocedures?
Who introduced the (erforated irri"atin" needle in 1981?
Who clai$s 1,,% success at "ainin" (ul(al anesthesia when an *A># is followed + taident?
Accordin" to )i(ton-s 199 surve+ of &23411 5 households3 77% re(orted at least one t+(e of what in the last 6 $onths?
Accordin" to Torainead 199,'3 over 2,% of the teeth were entirel+ conta$inated with . e(ider$idis after how lon" of a coronal e(osure? Who rena$ed i$on-s B#a+ !+st- a BPocket !+st-?
Accordin" to Torainead 1988' intera((oint$ent e$er"encies are associated $ost co$$onl+ with what teeth? The classic stud+ + who$3 showed that actere$ias onl+ develo( if instru$entation etends e+ond the a(e and even then onl+ lasts for ten $inutes? :atusow still elieves that what $icroor"anis$s are (redo$inant in endodontic flare;u(s 19883 <<<'?
*s the rake an"le of uantec files (ositive3 neutral3 or ne"ative accordin" to +ron-s clai$s'? hovelton showed that $ost $icroor"anis$s live in what (art of the root canal coronal or a(ical halves?
The statistical $easure of central tendenc+ which is descried + the $ost fre=uent sa$(le value is called what?
>a$e two classic authors who have shown that (eriodontal d/ can have detri$ental effects on the (ul(.
>aidorf su""ests the use of what $edication to treat so$e flare;u(s?
What is the $aor disadvanta"e of a PD) inection accordin" to Walton?
Accordin" to eldow @ *n"le 196'3 what % of nonvital teeth with cultures efore oturation were re(orted successful?
What classification did Weine "ive a root canal s+ste$ that has two se(arate canals fro$ cha$er to a(e?
Who coined the ter$ B#a+ !+st-?
#au$"artner su""ests doin" what to a sinus tract that does not heal?
:a"ura rec the re;t of oturated root canals e(osed to the oral cavit+ for at least how lon"?
Who 1968' rec the :AF si/e to e si/es "reater than the first file to ind?
tashenko 1993 C
Who (ro(osed the "ate control theor+ of (ain?
*n the 196,-s who (o(ulari/ed the techni=ue usin" !a<0 in a(eification (rocedures?
Who was credited with the introduction of for$ocresol in 19,6?
*n his 1941 stud+3 who showed the li$itations of >a
(an"er" su""ests tr+in" what test to evaluate (ul(al anesthesia after si"ns of li( anesthesia are a((arent fro$ an *A>#? Pitts @ >atkin descrie the Bhalo;like- radiolucenc+ around the root ti( in re"ards to what likel+ dia"nosis?
Accordin" to wanson @ :adison-s 1984 article3 after how $an+ da+s did teeth show coronal $icroleaka"e over 49; 82% of the root? elt/er @ #ender sa+ that overinstru$entation can do what to a c+st?
0arrin"ton @ >atkin 19973 D!>A' su""est that the etiolo"+ of a flare;u( in vital cases is $ost likel+ what?
Who re(eated elt/er @ #ender-s classic stud+3 and confir$ed that actere$ias are onl+ (roduced in overinstru$entation 19443 C
Who said 1946' that white dentin shavin"s is not an indication of a clean canal (re(aration?
Accordin" to 0au"en 19423 C
0ow do acterial cells re(licate?
>a$e two classic authors who showed that (eriodontal d/ does not affect the status of the (ul(.
Whose 1941 classic article su""ests a((ro(riate se=uential t for endo;(erio lesions?
Who said3 in 19943 that it is the volu$e of anesthetic (resent and not the concentration of e(i that increases the anesthesia in *A locks? The atner one cavit+ is fre=uentl+ associated with what two non;odonto"enic facial (ain s+ndro$es?
What is added to A$oicillin to for$ Au"$entin?
Accordin" to i$on 198,'3 what is the incidence of #a+ !+sts?
Who is est known for (ulishin" one of the first articles that differentiated etween internal @ eternal resor(tion?
0euer-s 196 article descries what t+(e of instru$entation?
The first article re"ardin" >iTi instru$ents for root canal instru$entation was written + who$ and in what +ear?
>a$e 7 authors that have re(orted on a correlation of (ain @ s$ell to the (resence of #. $elano"enicus in root canals.
*n 196&3 who su""ested that culturin" is unnecessar+ ecause re(air occurs even when fillin" with $icroor"anis$s (resent? )e$on rec 1 $onth staili/ation for ever+ JJJ $$ $oved.
*n the 197,-s who showed that !a<0 could sti$ulate a
Accordin" to lowe+3 what is the $ost i$(ortant ;ra+ for deter$inin" $issed canals?
dentin rid"e followin" a direct (ul( ca((in" (rocedure?
*n 199 C
Accordin" to a stud+ + Walker 1996'3 which antiiotic shows the least acterial resistance?
Accordin" to Tro(e *EC 1992'3 what $a+ e even $ore i$(ortant than a "ood !T to achieve a successful (ro"nosis? An acute eaceration of chronic (eria(ical (athosis is ter$ed what?
Who introduced the ter$ Kstressed (ul(L?
What classic author invented ! Pre(?
*n 19443 who introduced the conce(t of inectin" IP?
Who were the coauthors of Hakehashi-s classic "er$ free rat stud+?
Whose classic stud+ on "er$ free rats showed that $icroor"anis$s are the $aor deter$inant in da$a"e to the
*n what +ear was the first endodontic oard ea$ ad$inistered?
(ul(? Who clai$ed that endodonticall+ treated teeth could e $oved orthodonticall+ without increased risk of resor(tion?
What antioiotic is reco$$ended in conunction with (enicillin to increase the anaeroic s(ectru$?
What (ro(ert+ of !linda$+cin $akes it a "ood antiiotic choice for endodontic infections?
Hvist C
Accordin" to Hulild3 what (ercenta"e of $esio;uccal roots of $aillar+ $olars (ossess a $esio;(alatal canal $icrosco(icall+? #haskar-s 1966 stud+ showed what % of PA)s are "ranulo$as?
Acute osteo$+elitis of the aws results $ost fre=uentl+ fro$ what?
eferred (ain was etensivel+ studied + who$ in the 196,-s?
childer in 194& said what canal (re(aration sha(e is ideal?
*n a 198, article CADA' Aou;ass3 Ilick @ Frank descried what t+(e of filin" $ethod?
Whose stud+ in 1941 su""ested that acterial conta$ination (la+s $ore of a role than an intracanal $aterial at for$in" a arrier in a(eification (rocedures? What +ear was the AAE for$ed?
*n 194&3 who used a strict anaeroic nitro"en s(ra+ MP* techni=ue' to find that anaeroes are the $ost (ro$inent t+(e of $icroor"anis$s in the root canal? 0u su""ests the use of what $aterial as a direct (ul( ca((in" a"ent?
*s (enicillin reco$$ended to e taken with o r without food?
What is the $ai$u$ dail+ adult d ose of *u(rofen?
*n re"ards to (ul(alG(eriodontal interactions3 who showed that co$(lete (ul(al necrosis onl+ develo(s if the a(ical lood su((l+ is co$(ro$ised? )alonde @ )euke elieve that what % of PA lesions are c+sts?
Ilick su""ested that location @ (revious histor+ of acute s+$(to$s is hel(ful in dia"nosin" cases of what t+(e?
Ther$afil uses what for$ of "utta (ercha?
Accordin" to 0arve+ C
What t+(e of d+e was the u sed in Iold$an @ Pearson-s classic stud+ that discredited hollow tue theor+?
What is elieved to e the $ost often =uoted stud+ in endodontic literature? ander su""ests that !a<0 releases what in direct (ul( ca((in"?
Who first descried a root etrusion?
What is the ter$ used to descrie canal oliteration caused + trau$a?
What is the intestinal concern of (atients takin" etended doses of clinda$+cin or so$eti$es other antiiotics'?
What is the $ai$u$ dail+ adult d ose of aceta$ino(hen?
What is the ter$ used to descrie (ul(s suected to re(eated da$a"e with a di$inished res(onse to (ul(al tests? Accordin" to Trowrid"e3 what are the four /ones of a carious lesion?
What follow;u( (eriod do #ender @ elt/er reco$$end on teeth without PA)s to e valuate success?
What is the sha(e of the lank used to $ake H;fle files?
Pisano C
oinson @ #olin" CADA 19&1 Fe' su""ested what as a (ossile wa+ for acteria to enter the (ul( Iier @ :itchell a"ree'? True or False. :or @ !o showed that a necrotic tissue
Who rena$ed the #acteroides "rou( Prevotella @ Por(h+$onas C
la+er for$s under !a<0 as a direct (ul( ca((in" a"ent.
$edication for (ul(oto$ies?
Which of the isofor$s of c+cloo+"enase is induced + infla$$ator+ $ediators?
Na$ada showed that a final rinse with what two irri"ants (roduced the cleanest canal walls?
*n 194&3 whose classic stud+ su""ested that radio"ra(hs are valuale in deter$inin" etra roots or stran"e canal confi"urations? What is a lesion adacent to a tooth with (ul(al (athosis that is characteri/ed + infla$$ator+ cells?
Which nerve fiers in the (ul( are $ost likel+ to res(ond to the EPT test?
Who introduced alanced;force techni=ue3 and in what +ear?
What s(ecific t+(e of acteria did und=vist sa+ were associated with acute infla$$ation 1946'?
What is the difference etween a (ocket c+st @ a true c+st?
Ta""er3 Ta""er3 @ We$es su((ort the use of what
What is a $ied3 eni"n reactive firo;osseous lesion of unknown etiolo"+ which a((ears as three different (hases radio"ra(hicall+? H+tridou @ Iut$ann *EC >ov 1999' showed that oth Ther$afil @ +ste$ # de$onstrated acce(tale root canal fills ut have a tendenc+ to do what? 0unter3 osenow3 @ #illin"s are all known for (o(ulari/in" what theor+?
Accordin" to tanle+3 at what rate does dentin for$ after a direct (ul( ca(?
Who was the first to descrie a !a<0 (ul(oto$+ in 1966?
What rioso$al suunit do clinda$+cin and er+thro$+cin ind to3 to cause their acteriostatic (ro(erties?
What is the duration of (ul(al anesthesia fro$ an infiltration of 7% lidocaine without e(ine(hrine?
Accordin" to elt/er @ #ender3 (ercussion is an i$(ortant dia"nostic test for what (ul(al condition?
)i$ @ Hirk su""est that what % of direct (ul( ca(s are successful?
What is an odonto"enic c+st assd. with a tooth wG necrotic (ul( that develo(s wGin a (eriradicular infla$$ator+ lesion @ derives its e(itheliu$ fro$ the cell rests of :alasse/? *n what for$ is $ost co$$ercial IP?
What is an infla$$ator+ reaction to (ul( infection @ necrosis characteri/ed + "radual onset3 little or no disco$fort3 @ inter$ittent dischar"e of (us? *n what for$ is IP found in nature?
Whose classic article CADA 196&' de$onstrated the factors that influence the s(read of infection includin" virulence of or"anis$3 host resistance3 $usc @ fascial arran"e$ents? chroeder su""ests that what initiall+ for$s eneath !a<0 after a direct (ul( ca(?
What are Fish-s four /ones3 startin" wG the one that contains acteria?
What is the $ai$u$ adult dail+ d ose of as(irin?
What antiiotic does 0utter C
Accordin" to Torainead 199'3 on avera"e3 how lon" did co$(lete canal conta$ination take in oturated canals e(osed to saliva? What is another na$e for a #a+ !+st?
Huttler-s 1922 stud+ first descried what two anato$ic land$arks?
The rake an"le of 5;ha(ed files is what?
Wolcott C
Whocanals showed that teethan wGinc lr"rinPA tend of to acteria e assd.vs. wG root containin" thelesions dif s(ecies those wG s$aller lesions fewer s(ecies (resent'? Accordin" to tanle+3 what are the 7 $ain (ul(al concerns re"ardin" direct (ul( ca((in"?
*nh+(oder$ic 19213 who cultured a needle?PA lesions + (assin" a wire throu"h
*n 19473 who used !a<0 to induce a(eo"enesis in inco$(letel+ for$ed a(ices?
!linicall+3 what is the difference twn chronic @ acute (eriradicular (eriodontitis?
What is the ter$ used to descrie (er$ incisors which $a+ e characteristic of con"enital s+(hilis?
What antiiotic do 0arrin"ton and >atkin reco$$end for the (enicillin aller"ic (atient? *n Pineda @ Huttler-s 1947 stud+ of root canal anato$+3 what % of the canals were strai"ht?
Walton @ Fouad3 or !hia(inelli showed that what (re; o(erative treat$ent does not reduce (ost;o( (ain or flare; u(s followin" treat$ent of necrotic (ul(s? True or False. Hi$ showed that a PD) inection is effective at anestheti/in" onl+ one tooth for dia"nostic (ur(oses.
Who stated that necrotic teeth would e $ore likel+ to have flare;u(s 1997'?
:oos 1996' stated that tre(hination was not ustified. Wh+?
Accordin" to )ee @ Man !ura C
Cohnson C
What is the $aor IAI (resent in hu$an dentin?
What is the first ste( in he$ostasis?
Which clottin" factor is activated eventuall+ in the etrinsic3 intrinsic3 @ co$$on (athwa+s?
What two authors are credited for showin" that (ressure (roduces anesthesia in intra(ul(al inections? Who concluded that all t+(es of crown $ar"ins leak he also dis(roved the B0ollow tue theor+-'?
Accordin" to a 199, surve+ + Iatewood3 what % of Di(lo$ates of the A#E (rescrie A-s to (ts with swellin" where draina"e is not otained? What did Herekes @ Tronstad 1949' sa+ the effects of a flare;u( would e on the overall (ro"nosis for success?
*n 19883 Torainead listed 6 (redictors for a hi"her incidence of flare;u(s. >a$e of the$.
>a$e 7 authors who clai$ed that the a$ount of (ost;o( (ain is directl+ related to (re;o( (ain.
Who invented Ther$afil in 1948?
Who introduced war$ vertical oturation in 192?
Accordin" to Aver+3 what are the first ele$ents to develo( in the hu$an (ul(?
Accordin" to
Where do er+throc+tes (ri$aril+ develo( in adults?
What test can e used instead of the PT @ PTT tests to evaluate anticoa"ulated (atients?
What $edicine should not e used in children ecause of the risk of e+e-s disease? What is the t+(ical (atient (rofile for (eria(ical ce$ental d+s(lasia?
Accordin" to a 199, surve+ + Iatewood3 what % of Di(lo$ates of the A#E (rescrie A-s to (atients with vital (ul(s and AAP? *n his 196, stud+3 D. Ireen found which teeth had the hi"hest % of accessor+ fora$ina?
>a$e authors who stated that it was etter to close a tooth after treat$ent versus leavin" it o(en'.
What % of flare;u(s did Walton @ Fouad find in their 1997 stud+?
What is the te$(erature ran"e and for what duration' for heatin" one3 that can cause inur+ @ decrease re"eneration ailit+? Who first develo(ed the h+drod+na$ic theor+ of (ain that was later (o(ulari/ed + #rannstro$?
What t+(e of sealer is said to e acce(tale wG a sin"le cone "utta (ercha techni=ue?
Which clottin" factor is deficient in he$o(hilia A @ Mon Willerand-s disease?
!lot staili/ation is $ediated + which activated clottin" factor?
Who is est known for su""estin" the use of (ro(h+lactic antiiotics in teeth with necrotic (ul(s to (revent flare;u(s and (ain? What is another na$e for a KPul( Pol+(L?
What is the co$$on na$e for is;de=ualiniu$ acetate?
Who stated that leavin" a tooth o(en after treat$ent was etter than closin" it?
What is an Kacute eaceration of a (eriradicular (athosis after the initiation or continuation of an !TL?
Who (o(ulari/ed the war$ vertical oturation techni=ue in 1964?
Who is credited for develo(in" cold lateral condensation for the oturation of the root canal s(ace in 191&?
What are the & $ain t+(es of IAIs in the hu$an dental (ul(?
Accordin" to Man A$eron"en3 what % of (ul(al colla"en is t+(e ?
What is the last event i n he$ostasis?
0ow $an+ AD e=uals one "re+?
What cells s+nthesi/e IAIs in the hu$an dental (ul(?
Who first used d+e;(enetration to evaluate leaka"e in 199?
Whitten CADA 1996' showed that what % of dentists As to (atients wG drainin" sinus tracts?
An+ dru" indin" to JJJJJ can dis(lace cou$adin @ should e avoided.
Who conducted and in what +ear' the first stud+ aout the incidence of :P canals in $aillar+ $olars?
tein @ !orcoran 199,' found the a(ical fora$en to e how far short of the a(e?
*n 19823 >aidorf listed 1, thin"s that are likel+ to cause flare; u(s. >a$e & of the$.
What is the Pasteur Effect?
)ares @ El Dee C
*arola @ !ha($an C
*n what +ear was endodontics declared a s(ecialt+?
Dra"oo3 #ruce @ udall rec the use of what root end fillin"
What are dentinal tuules called that are no lon"er filled with livin" odontolastic (rocesses?
$aterial?
Na"iela showed that what vasoconstrictor esides e(ine(hrine also increases #P?
Accordin" to the A0A does the (lace$ent of the ruer da$ re=uire (ro(h+lactic As?
Ta+lor3 Ceansonne3 @ )e$on C
Who clai$ed that KThe cha$er is in the center of the crownL?
childer <<< 194&' showed that IP "oes throu"h what three (hases u(on heatin" in order'? What nerve fiers found in the (ul( are $ost likel+ to res(ond to li"ht touch?
What condition of dentin for$ation is characteri/ed + nor$al ena$el3 at+(ical dentin3 (ul(al oliteration3 defective root for$ation3 and $ulti(le PA)s? Which endodontic techni=ue includes the use of a (arafor$aldeh+de (aste3 no ruer da$3 @ no workin" radio"ra(hs? *n 19423 who authored the C
#rand+wine shell teeth are characteristic of which t+(e of dentino"enesis i$(erfecta?
What t+(e of colla"en is (resent in the asal la$ina?
Wh+ did Hi$ 1986' state that PD) inections should onl+ e used for endo thera(+ @ etractions3 and not on vital teeth?
Accordin" to en"3 what sustances used as (reservatives in )A are $ost likel+ to cause aller"ic reactions?
Who su""ested in their C
Who ea$ined the a(ices of teeth @ concluded that the av" distance of !DC to a(e was .2$$ in +oun"er (eo(le and . 62$$ in older (eo(le? 0ow lon" is it rec to soak an avulsed (er$ tooth in fluoride if the etraoral dr+ ti$e is "reater than one hour?
!o$$ercial IP is (redo$inantl+ what $aterial?
What is the s+$ol used for ar"enti (aste?
What is the earliest res(onse of dentin to caries accordin" to tanle+?
:ader @ #au$"artner showed that the s$ear la+er is h ow thick and can e (acked into the dentinal tuules how far?
The cranial co$(onent which is analo"ous to the sustancia "elatinosa of the (eri(heral "ate control $echanis$ is what?
What is the acce(tale tolerance dose for those who work with radiation?
Accordin" to *n"le 1928'3 what (ro(ert+ is $ost i$(ortant in irri"atin" solutions?
What t+(e of anesthetic inection can cause actere$ia?
Who develo(ed the li=uid (ressure techni=ue for testin" dentinal (er$eailit+ @ oturation leaka"e assess$ent?
Which teeth have the hi"hest nu$er of lateral canals?
*n which aw is osteoradionecrosis $ore co$$on3 the $andile or the $ailla?
e(lantation in an atte$(t to revitali/e the (ul( is su""ested under what s(ecific conditions in the treat$ent of an avulsed tooth? Who first discredited the ar"enti techni=ue in 194?
childer <<< 194& Cun' dis(utes )uks ori"inal clai$ that IP is what? Durin" conditions of anoia3 (ul( tissue will $etaoli/e via what (rocess?
0ar"reaves showed that (las$a levels of what enkal(hin are inversel+ (ro(ortional to acute (ost;o(erative (ain?
What are the & asic tissue t+(es in the hu$an od+?
What is the $ost co$$on unctional co$(le found twn cells in the stratified s=ua$os e(itheliu$?
After what ti$e (eriod does heated >a
Who showed that diluted solutions of >a
#ur"er @ 0utter C
What is the $ost ovious roent"eno"ra(hic findin" in (atients with scleroder$a?
0ow does the new "eneration of a(e locators work?
Who develo(ed the first a(e locator?
*n 19623 what two authors discredited the hollow tue theor+?
What two authors introduced the hollow tue theor+?
The neural s+ndro$e which is characteri/ed + (aro+s$al unilateral (ain in the soft (alate @ is (reci(itated + difficult swallowin" is what?
What t+(e of lood vessels are found in the lacunae of woven one?
What is the na$e of the he$ostatic a"ent introduced + 0orsle+ in 1987?
)e$on @ Ceansonne evaluated what non;colla"en he$ostatic a"ent?
What did Iartner rec takin" to deter$ine the difference twn eternal @ internal resor(tion?
Accordin" to Frank3 will a tooth under"oin" eternal;internal (ro"ressive resor(tion res(ond vital or non;vital to EPT?
Accordin" to the AAE "uidelines3 avulsed (er$ teeth re=uire a F5 evaluation for a $in of how $an+ +ears to deter$ine the outco$e of thera(+? What is the constant electrical resistance of the PD) @ oral $ucosa re(orted + u/uki in 19&7?
As rec + the AAE "uidelines3 what four adunctive dru" thera(+ considerations are there in the treat$ent of the avulsed (er$ tooth? Who (erfor$ed the classic $onke+ stud+ that concluded that overfillin" e=ualed (ersistent infla$$ation?
What t+(es of cells are (resent i n acute infla$$ation?
What t+(e of tissue covers a h+(er(lastic (ul(itis?
What t+(e of colla"en $akes u( h+aline cartila"e?
What is the avera"e si/e of a red lood cell?
What is s+ner"is$?
Who showed that (enicillins can decrease oral contrace(tive effectiveness?
What was the % ran"e that Mertucci 198&' found in teeth with lateral canals?
*n (erfor$in" evaluations of $esio;uccal canals in u((er $olars3 whose % of second $esio;uccals s(lit the difference twn the conclusions of Weine @ Hulild? What t+(e of resor(tion did ainowitch e(lain the ori"in of?
Accordin" to Tro(e3 what two entities eist in t+(e three eternal root resor(tion? Which classic stud+ concluded it was est to full+ instru$ent the teeth3 ut to oturate the$ sli"htl+ short? Fro$ which (art of the tooth ud does the PD) arise?
What is the su""ested s(lintin" ti$e in the treat$ent of the avulsed (er$anent tooth if there is an alveolar fracture?
o"ren 199,' concluded the est (ercenta"e 9&%' success when the oturation ended where WT the radio"ra(hic a(e? 0ar"reaves showed nerve fiers etendin" how far into the dentinal tuules?
What two hor$ones re"ulate lood calciu$ levels?
*n nor$al adult $ale3 what is the nu$er of (latelets (er $$ of lood?
(an"er"3 Ellerach3 @ :ur(h+ rec the use of what intracanal $edica$ent?
Who su""ested that s$all a$ounts of eu"enol $a+ e eneficial to vital tissue3 ut lar"e a$ounts toic?
Who clai$ed that +ou should alwa+s assu$e a curve on the (alatal root?
Whose stud+ 1949' found K!;sha(edL canals in lower 7 nd @ rd $olars 8% of the ti$e? What % of trau$ati/ed teeth under"o calcific $eta$or(hosis Andreasen 1966 @ 194,'3 and what % suse=uentl+ under"o necrosis?
Who was the 1 st to alert (eo(le of eternal cervical resor(tion after leachin" with su(erool3 sodiu$ (erorate3 @ heat? Whose classic d+e leaka"e stud+ 196,-s' showed that sealer is necessar+ with IP?
Whose classic do" stud+ in 1941 showed that the ce$ento; dentinal n is where instru$entation @ oturation should ter$inate?
#;delta fiers found in the (ul( are what t+(es of nerves?
!oncentric la+ers of calcified $ass found in the (ul( are called what?
What s(ecific cells lie ust elow the e(itheliu$ in skin which are co$(onents of the i$$une s+ste$?
#aso(hils contain "ranules that are rich in what?
What co$ination of dru"s $akes u( Micodin E?
What has lon" een the dru" of choice in the treat$ent of tri"e$inal neural"ia?
Accordin" to kid$ore @ #orndal 1941' what % of lower 1st $olar $esial roots will e Weine t+(e 7?
Accordin" to kid$ore @ #orndal 1941' when the distal root of a lower 1 st $olar contains two canals3 what % will e Weine t+(e 7? Accordin" to :attison3 orthodontic $ove$ent al$ost alwa+s causes what?
What 7 characteristics of an avulsed tooth "ive the worst (ro"nosis accordin" to the AAE 7,, treat$ent "uidelines? Whose classic radioisoto(e leaka"e stud+ showed that sealer is necessar+ when IP is used as the oturation $aterial? #isho( de$onstrated fiers that Bstick- ena$el @ dentin to"ether. What are the+ called?
!hoha+e C
Hi$3 Huttler3 @ Ireen rec a $$ root end resection Gc of the canal ra$ifications nor$all+ (resent. What % is nor$all+ there?
Who said that the de(th of a root end (re(aration should e $$ for stailit+ of $aterial?
Wh+ does 0ar"reaves rec Bon the clock- dosin" re"i$ens instead of BP>- for anal"esic dosa"es?
Who found laeled for$ocresol travelin" throu"hout the od+ after its use as a $edica$ent?
Which techni=ue did Waha clai$ to e the $ost accurate $ethod for usin" EPT?
Accordin" to Tronstad 199&' how accurate is laser Do((ler su((osed to e?
Who coined the ter$ Btransient a(ical reakdown-?
Who first warned of cervical root resor(tion?
*n Davis- classic stud+ 1941' which "rou( showed the worst (ro"nosis?
tro(ko C
Who clai$ed that althou"h there $a+ e no visile canal3
0istioc+tes can transfor$ into what t+(e of infla$$ator+
there is alwa+s one histolo"icall+?
cells?
Who warned aout the (otentiall+ detri$ental effect of !a<0 on the PD) in recentl+ re(lanted teeth less then 1 week'?
Who su""ests cuttin" a (er(endicular root end resection to decrease the nu$er of o(en tuules?
Who su""ested that the cresol content of for$ocresol $a+ e $ore toic than the for$aldeh+de?
Pashle+ sa+s that a PD) inection is what t+(e of inection?
Hrasnow @ ankow 7,,&' develo(ed 6 laws that B"overnwhere canals will e lo cated. >a$e of the$.
What did #ender sa+ is the $ini$u$ % $ineral one loss for a lesion to e seen radio"ra(hicall+?
After how $an+ $inutes etraorall+ is it usuall+ a"reed u(on that the PD) cells are dead? What is the e"innin" of (lastic defor$ation called in endodontic instru$ents?
Whose 1994 (a(er Endo @ Dent Trau$a' showed that sockets (la+ an i$(ortant role in the healin" of re(lanted teeth? Accordin" to :achian3 what is the $ost efficient t+(e of instru$ent to use in a filin" $otion?
What is the ter$ used for (ro"ra$$ed cell death?
Who first dis(roved the (ul(al stran"ulation theor+?
What is the turnover rate for nonkeratini/ed e(itheliu$?
Which has a $ore ra(id turnover rate3 keratini/ed or nonkeratini/ed e(itheliu$?
Walton was a (art of three different studies done in the 9,-s which showed what? #oth Mertucci 198&' @ kid$ore 1941' found what % of distal roots in lower 1 st $olars to have 7 canals?
Whose candinavian stud+ 1988' showed that neither short ter$ nor lon" ter$ treat$ent with PenMk had an+ effect on healin" of (eria(ical lesions? What is the % of T+(e lower incisors3 accordin" to #elli//i 198' @ Mertucci 198&'?
Accordin" to e$eikis3 which is the etter stora"e $edia for avulsed teeth oo$ te$( or cold $ilk?
What t+(e of odonto"enic c+st is alwa+s associated with the crown of an unerru(ted tooth?
Who was the 1 st to (ulish an article descriin" the crown down techni=ue?
Who was the 1 st to rec standardi/in" instru$ents in the CADA Fe 1929'?
What t+(e of IAI is incor(orated into dentin3 and $a+ e involved in the for$ation @ re(air of dentin?
What structures in the (ul(-s "round sustance are res(onsile for its resilience @ for the flow of $olecules?
What are the & t+(es of (a(illa (resent on the ton"ue?
What is the $ost co$$on e(ithelial odonto"enic tu$or?
Accordin" to Man A$eron"en3 the content of what in the hu$an (ul( is inde(endent of a"e?
What three thin"s in 199&3 did Torainead show were e=ual in their effects on (ost oturation (ain?
What is the dru" o f choice for treatin" her(etic lesions?
Pineda @ Hutler found that 82% of JJJJJ are located in the a(ical rd of the root.
Accordin" to Mertucci 198&' @ #elli//i 1982' what is the avera"e % of two canals in u((er 1 st (re$olars?
What is the na$e of the condition that involves infection of the su$andiular3 su$ental3 @ sulin"ual s(aces?
What is the $ost co$$on fissural develo($ental' c+st?
Accordin" to :i+ashita 1994' @ :au"er3 chindler3 @ Walker 1998' what si/e should lower i ncisors e enlar"ed to? Accordin" to Hi$3 what structures (la+ an i$(ortant role at $aintainin" the vitalit+ of the a(ical (ul( tissue while the coronal (ul( is under acterial a ttack? What is the develo($ental union of two or $ore teeth in
Who do $ost feel develo(ed the crown down techni=ue?
which the dentin and one other dental tissue are united?
triad of s+$(to$s?
What is the dru" o f choice for treatin" !andidiasis?
What s+ste$ic antiiotic is thou"ht to have antiresor(tive (ro(erties @ should e considered after an avulsion inur+?
Who clai$ed nearl+ 6,% of u((er 7nd (re$olars have 7 canals?
*n 199& @ 1992 two authors concluded that +ou could have a vital case with a(ical (eriodontitis. >a$e the$.
Whose $onke+ stud+ 1982' concluded that a se$i;ri"id s(lint should e used for re(lanted teeth?
Who was the first to re(ort a case of healed hori/ontal root fracture in 1948?
*n his 1946 stud+3 who su""ested usin" oth rotar+ and filin" $otions in the root canals to etter clean the walls?
*n the earl+ 199,-s who showed the variailit+ of the si/e of instru$ents files' used in endodontics?
What is the na$e of the (ul(al cell t+(e that can convert to a $acro(ha"e3 firolast3 odontolast3 or dentinoclast?
)an"eland showed that the width of irritation dentin is not necessaril+ directl+ related to what?
What is the condition in which onl+ the ce$entu$ of two or $ore teeth eco$es united?
ialadenitis3 o"ren-s s+ndro$e3 anticholiner"ic dru"s3 and anti(s+chotic dru"s $a+ all cause what intraoral condition?
Who su""ested the ad$inistration of s+ste$ic tetrac+cline after re(lantation of an avulsed tooth with "reater than one hour of dr+ ti$e? Piekoff showed that while 41% of $aillar+ 1 st $olar :# roots had :P canals3 onl+ what % were Weine T+(e ?
What is the % of /inc oide in sE#A?
What t+(e of s+ste$ic infection did olo$on su""est could cause internal resor(tion?
0ow would +ou descrie an Ellis Trau$a classification t+(e ?
Accordin" to :or"an @ :ont"o$er+ C
The filin" techni=ue that was rec + Weine to (revent B/i((in"- in curved canals is referred to as what?
What is the $ore co$$on na$e used to descrie eni"n $i"rator+ "lossitis?
Patients with A*D are (rone to what t+(e of cancer?
Hi$-s first choice of he$ostatic a"ent is what?
What irri"ant did Ceansonne su""est was ust as antiacterial as 2.72% >a
Accordin" to Weine3 what % of $esio;uccal roots of $a $olars have two canals that can e instru$ented to the a(e? What Elllis Trau$a classification would a luated tooth e?
#r+nholf3 in 194,3 concluded that JJJJJJJ increases with added fil$s.
Who rec alwa+s (re;curvin" files @ re$ovin" the flutes on the outer cuttin" ed"e durin" instru$entation?
What two co$(onents @ in what %-s' $ake u( the $aorit+ of oth-s 811 elite sealer (owder?
*n what two wa+s can fluid e trans(orted fro$ the infla$ed (ul(?
Accordin" toetend? Cohnson3 how far into the dentinal tuules do nerve fiers
What dental radio"ra(hic findin" is characteristic of scleroder$a?
What fatal one disease is characteri/ed + elevated #ence; Cones (rotein levels?
Which causes $ore (ul(al tissue da$a"e3 acteria the$selves or the infla$$ator+ res(onse to acteria? o"ren-s s+ndro$e is a disease state consistin" of what
Who found a 92% incidence of :P canals $icrosco(icall+ in $a $olars?
T+(e colla"en $akes u( what % of colla"en found in dentin?
Who stated that >!T should not e done efore re(lantation?
Who showed EDTA-s effects are self;li$itin" which conflicts with Patterson-s findin"s'? Which techni=ue did Foser" 1984' conclude was the est for takin" radio"ra(hs? True or False. )uated teeth can develo( PA)s @ still recover re$ain vital' over ti$e.
Who showed that all concentrations of >a
Whose in vivo e(eri$ent found the oot O to e accurate at locatin" the constriction "reater than 9,% of the ti$e to within G; .2$$'? Are arterio;venous shunts $ore (revalent in the a(ical or coronal re"ions of the (ul(?
*f a tooth is left out of the $outh "reater than 6, $in3 @ receives >!T within weeks3 what t+(e of resor(tion is likel+ to occur? Who-s classic do" stud+ 1941' showed that oturatin" short of the !DC is etter than overetension of the $aterial3 as lon" as instru$entation etends to the !DC? Fro$ which "an"lion are autono$ic nerve fiers sent to the (ul(?
What is the autoi$$une disease characteri/ed + the
What do ud @ Andreasen sa+ is the $ain cause of sur"ical
continuous de(osition of colla"en onto lood vessels @ connective tissue of $aor or"ans?
failures?
All concentrations of >a
Accordin" to the A0A what is the rec $ini$u$ of da+s twn a((ts for (atients re=uirin" (ro(h+lactic A covera"e?
*n $an+ of the di"ital vs. conventional co$(arison studies3 no si"nificant differences were found3 ut one stud+ found an 8,;9,% reduction in radiation. Which one? 0ow lon" should !a<0 e left in the tooth in order to o(ti$all+ reduce infla$$ator+ resor(tion @ ank+losis Tro(e @ :oshonov 1992'? >a$e 7 authors who showed that ter$inatin" the a(ical (re(aration .2;1$$ fro$ the radio"ra(hic a(e is est.
*n 19483 !vek concluded that vital (ul( thera(+ was 92% successfulQ this was co$(ared to Tronstad-s results. What % did he find? What $edica$ent used as in intracanal a((lication did )indsko" @ #lo$lof 1998 EDT' show to si"nificantl+ decrease infla$$ator+ resor(tion? H;t+(e files are $anufactures usin" lank wires of what two cross sectional desi"ns?
What is the function of a dendritic cell?
Which nerve fiers enter the (ul( first A delta3 A al(ha3 or ! fiers?
What $aterial does Hi$ rec as a he$ostatic a"ent for lar"e cr+(ts?
Who showed curettin" the cr+(t after usin" ferric sulfate for he$ostasis (roduces an e=uivalent infla$$ator+ res(onse to usin" no ferric sulfate?
>a$e an author that rec war$in" >a
:c)ean @ eader C
Whose recent 7,,,' stud+ concluded that over 2,% of teeth receivin" a carious (ul( ca(3 failed? What was the si"nificance of the >ishioka stud+ in 1998?
What $ediu$ did Tro(e su""est for trans(ortin" avulsed teeth 19913 1999'?
What instru$entation techni=ue did Fava introduce C
What is an alternative IP solvent?
What are the $ain anti"en (resentin" cells in the (ul(?
What t+(e of hista$ine releasin" cell did :iller not find in the uninfla$ed (ul(?
A (latelet count elow what is considered a disorder?
What is #arodontal"ia?
Who showed that (retreatin" canals with !a<0 increases the solvent effect of >a
What co$(onents $ake u( For$ocresol?
0ow accurate did Peterson conclude cold tests are?
What fiers does the EPT activate?
Du$sha 1987' clai$ed etrusive inuries had (ul(al necrosis in 98% of cases3 co$(ared to 76% found + who$? Who de$onstrated that chlorofor$ softened dentin + 79% after 12 $inutes?
Accordin" to Andreasen 1982' what % of intruded teeth eco$e necrotic?
What histolo"ic incre$ental lines re(resent the dail+ (attern of dentin for$ation?
Who concluded that +ou need to re$ove the lood clot for vital (ul( thera(+ to work?
*n oane @ aala-s K#alanced Force T echni=ueL to what si/e do the+ rec enlar"in" curved canals the $ai$u$'?
What deleterious effect of PD) inections on do"s3 did oahen @ :arshall find?
What dru"3 when "iven as an intra$uscular inection3 si"nificantl+ reduced (ost;o( (ain :arshall @ Walton'?
Who stated that i$$ature develo(in" teeth have an unreliale res(onse to EPT3 and therefore3 +ou should use cold test instead? Accordin" to Andreasen3 which has a etter (ro"nosis for (ul( vitalit+ after luation3 o(en or closed a(e teeth?
Who clai$ed that trau$a cases are unreliale to EPT3 cold @ heat test3 due to nerve da$a"e?
What two (roducts for the sealin" of a leak+ ruer da$ did #ra$well @ 0icks descrie in 1986?
*n 1946 Walton concluded that ta(erin" the canal is i$(ortant for three $aor reasons. )ist the$.
Fo @ enia su""ested that the odontolastic (rocess etends how far into the tuules?
Does irritation dentin contain $ore or less or"anic $aterial then (ri$ar+ dentin?
Whose classic stud+ 196&' concluded that there was ><
Who concluded that when all the $ain a(ical fora$ina are
relationshi( etween (ul(al @ (eriodontal disease?
covered with acterial (la=ue3 a connection twn (ul(al @ (erio disease occurs?
Who showed that irri"ation should e (erfor$ed with the s$allest needle (ossile to allow "reater (enetration due to lack of flow e+ond the ti(? What did ko"lund sa+ the sur"ical success rate was on teeth showin" total uccal one loss?
Who showed that vital tissue can dela+ irri"ation fro$ $ovin" laterall+ or a(icall+?
Who clai$ed that the (ul( is not necessar+ for root re(air?
What four wa+s did Andreasen show that hori/ontal root fractures could heal <<< 1964 e('?
Who showed that retreat$ent (rior to sur"er+ "ave a 4,% success rate3 whereas sur"er+ alone "ave onl+ a 2% success rate? Accordin" to Andreasen which t+(e of luation inur+ is $ost likel+ to cause necrosis of the (ul(?
Which instru$ents cut $ore efficientl+3 those $ade fro$ trian"ular or s=uare lanks?
Who concluded that si$(le deride$ent with saline is insufficient to re$ove all acteria?
What % of teeth did Hu+k @ Walton de$onstrate had no evidence of a canal radio"ra(hicall+3 ut still showed a canal
i"al @ Tencate su""ested that the odontolastic (rocess etends how far into the dentinal tuules?
histolo"icall+ 199, duo >ov'? Which fa$ousC
Who develo(ed the s+ste$ for classif+in" (erio;endo lesions?
*n a classic stud+ + Hlot/3 Ierstein @ #ahn3 the use of what dru" was discoura"ed in treatin" necrotic cases due to a reduction in the ca(acit+ to locali/e $icroor"anis$s? #ender states that EPT can e unreliale after a trau$atic incident for u( to what (eriod of ti$e?
Iordon showed that what t+(e of tissue dissolves faster in >a
What (rocedure did Elliot @ 0olco$ su""est 1988' to relieve (ain in teeth with (eria(ical (eriodontitis?
What cells do lavkin3 #lo$lof3 @ 0a$$erstro$ elieve can (revent re(lace$ent resor(tion?
What are the two (hases of >ickel Titaniu$?
Who stated 199' that a(e locators are oka+ to use in (atients with (ace$akers?
The s$ear la+er not includin" tuule (enetration' is how thick?
Weer @ aki su""ested that the odontolastic (rocess etends how far into the dentinal tuules?
>a$e the 2 classifications of (erio;endo lesions.
Who defined iolo"ic width?
When "ivin" PD) inections as a su((le$ental techni=ue3 what % success of (ul(al anesthesia did Walton @ Aott find? Who su""ested that cracked tooth could e an etiolo"+ of Bidio(athic- internal root resor(tion?
What t+(e of tissue dissolves faster in >aecrotic or vital?
A hori/ontal root fracture in which third of the root has the est (ro"nosis?
>a$e two of the four t+(es of healin" that can occur with hori/ontal root fractures.
Accordin" to oane @ aala 198&' rotatin" a file in which direction !W or !!W' has a "reater chance of se(aration?
Who first descried >ickel Titaniu$ files?
#ulk fluid $ove$ent a dentinal (ower of the radius ofinthe tuule? tuule varies to what
An increaseofinthe which t+(e tuules? of dentin3 due to a"in"3 causes oliteration dentinal
0ow do +ou define iolo"ic width?
What four t+(es of radio"ra(hic healin" did ud @ Andreasen descrie?
Who showed that !T @ retrofillin" via root end sur"er+ has a "reater chance of success then root end fillin" alone?
Which t+(e of resor(tion re$ains centered in the root even durin" shifts of radio"ra(hs?
What (ro(ert+ does clavulinic acid add to Au"$entin to $ake it $ore desirale than a$oicillin alone?
What (role$ did #rannstro$ @ Fuks sa+ could occur if a PD) inection is "iven in (atients with (erio disease?
Iross$an showed a 9,% success rate in teeth with vital (ul(s where an instru$ent was se(arated3 ut what was the success rate in teeth with PA lesions C #rit Endo 1968'? *n which third of the tooth do the $ost hori/ontal fractures occur?
Fo @ :oodnik >N tate Dent C 1947' showed what kind of success rate when se(arated instru$ents were unale to e re$oved in ,& cases? Does the location of the fracture deter$ine the success?
0ow $uch lar"er should the a(ical (re(aration e fro$ its ori"inal si/e?
What is the avera"e width at the !DC?
What is the (reci(itation of $ineral salts within the dentinal tuules called?
What acteria $ost often causes osteo$+elitis?
Who showed that colla"en fiers actuall+ "rew into
Accordin" to Ericson *nt C
u(erE#A when used as a root end fillin" $aterial?
tooth $ost often co$$unicates with the $aillar+ sinus durin" endodontic sur"er+?
What is the % of eu"enol in su(er E#A li=uid?
What (arts of the rain do o(ioids act on?
What was the success rate shown + !ru$( @ >atkin CADA 194, Cun' in cases where se(arated instru$ents were unale to e re$oved? What is the i""est factor in the ailit+ of a tooth to re(air itself after a hori/ontal fracture?
>a$e 7 non;endodontic causes of (aresthesia.
Who descried the use of a(e locators to locate (erforations?
0ow do the old st+le a(e locators work?
Accordin" to >a"aoka3 dentinal tuules are $ore (er$eale in which t+(e of teeth necrotic or vital?
Accordin" to Tho$as3 nerve fiers (enetrate aout how far into the dentinal tuules?
Who su""ested usin" $eth+lene lue d+e to outline roots @ isth$uses durin" endodontic sur"er+ C
What infection is considered to e the $ost o((ortunistic in the world?
Accordin" to 0ar"reaves3 what is the $ini$u$ effective dosa"e of codeine for anal"esia?
Patterson rec the use of a short ter$3 hi"h dose of what antiiotic for endodontic infections #r Dent C 199'?
Who de$onstrated successful silver (oint cases with corrosion (roducts (resent?
What is the corrosion (roduct of silver (oints?
>a$e three factors of infla$$ator+ resor(tion.
#urke 1946' su""ested treatin" avulsed teeth with what to $ini$i/e infla$$ator+ resor(tion?
Iive two reasons for usin" sealer.
What are the two $ain (arts @ the $ain in"redient in each' of eala(e?
Accordin" to Man A$eron"en3 which (art of the (ul(3 coronal or radicular3 contains the $ost colla"en?
Which t+(e of nerve fiers in the (ul( res(ond to (ressure3 heat @ che$icals?
tevens;Cohnson s+ndro$e is a severe ullous for$ of what disease?
What is the co$$on $ali"nant (ri$ar+' tu$or of the one?
Pseudo$e$raneous colitis is an over"rowth of what acterial s(ecies?
Whose classic stud+ showed that (lacin" intracanal antiacterial $edication can cause s+ste$ic sensiti/ation?
Who concluded 1947' that corrosion on silver (oints is increased with endin"3 crackin"3 or defor$in" the cones at oturation? Who clai$ed in 1987 that trau$a to (ri$ar+ teeth $a+ alter the develo($ent of (er$ teeth?
Accordin" to Fullin" @ Andreasen 1946' which dia"nostic test is the least reliale for i$$ature teeth? The $ost reliale? Which classic author 1962' clai$ed that i$$ature teeth can have (ul( survival @ re"eneration of nerve function after re(lantation3 es( with wide a(ical fora$en? *n 1992 o"ren clai$ed that s$all (ieces of what are ver+ infla$$ator+?
*n 1969 who clai$ed that IP has a low tissue toicit+?
What is ter$ that descries the accu$ulation u"s after *Mthe inection' eneath a !a<0 (ul( ca( in anofinfla$ed (ul( or after trau$a'? chroder 1941' clai$ed that +ou needed to d o what efore closin" a tooth after a (artial (ul(oto$+?
)oe-s classic 1961 stud+ showed that JJJJJJ was the $ost i$(ortant factor in the (revention of ank+losis.
Whose classic discover+ found acteria in trau$ati/ed teeth with intact crowns @ necrotic (ul(s? *n !vek-s (artial (ul(oto$+ 1948'3 how $uch of the (ul( was rec to e re$oved?
Who (erfor$ed a $onke+ stud+ that concluded do+c+cline hel(ed lower the rate of infla$$ator+ resor(tion @ ank+losis in avulsed teeth? #haskar @ a((a(ort defined vitalit+ + what?
DeMries @ Francis are stron" (ro(onents of what antiiotic due to its hi"h one affinit+?
>a$e two of four different t+(es of root resor(tions after luation inuries.
What is another na$e for re(lace$ent resor(tion?
>a$e the $inor co$(onents in IP.
<+nick3 Dorn @ Iartner su""ested the use of what root end
>a$e the author of the classic 1948 stud+ that used dentin chi(s to (revent overfillsQ de$onstratin" ce$entu$ de(osition @ ver+ little a(ical infla$$ation. :or showed that de$inerali/ation of dentin caused + caries affects which t+(e of dentin $ore (erituular or intertuular? What was the success rate that Dorn @ Iartner showed
fillin" $aterial?
when sE#A was used as a root end fillin" $aterial?
Ii"lio3 et al. CADA 1997 Au"' su""ested (ro(h+lactic antiiotic covera"e for what see$in"l+ non;invasive (rocedure due to a (otential for actere$ia? What was the sur"ical success rate shown + Fried$an?
>a$e one or $ore author esides :orse who rec (ro(h+lactic antiiotic covera"e to dec flare;u(s3 (ain3 @ swellin". What was the sur"ical success rate shown + Altonen?
What is the na$e of the owl sha(ed defects (resent in infla$$ator+ resor(tion?
5nder what conditions is re(lantation >
What is the (ur(ose of #ora in Iross$an-s sealer?
What is the $ain in"redient i n Iross$an-s sealer?
What are the $ain or"anelles in non;secretor+ odontolasts?
What are the two $ain t+(es of sensor+ nerve fiers found in the hu$an (ul(?
Hra$(er3
What is the wearin" awa+ of tooth structure + $echanical $eans called?
What is the rec re"i$en for >a
Who discovered @ in what +ear' that Articaine @ Prilocaine can cause (aresthesia when used in locks es( $andiular'? What was the sur"ical success rate shown + :ikkonen?
*n 1963 who showed that intact teeth in (eriodontall+ involved $ouths showed atro(hic chan"es histolo"icall+?
What was the sur"ical success rate shown + Irun" @ :olven?
0ow lon" do ud @ Andreasen sa+ is necessar+ to evaluate inco$(lete or uncertain healin" radio"ra(hicall+?
>a$e s+$(to$s of vertical root fracture.
Cacosen su""ested that what % of teeth showin" calcific $eta$or(hosis due to trau$a eco$e necrotic?
What is the $ain advanta"e stated + Iross$an 1946' for usin" oth-s 8,1 sealer?
Wh+ do we down (ack @ verticall+ co$(act the IP in war$ vertical techni=ues?
0ow wide did
Who was the first to de$onstrate l+$(hatics in the (ul(?
What is the $ost severe for$ of (ol+ostotic firous d+s(lasia called?
*n 19893 what did eeh @ :esser discover that could cause (er$anent (aresthesia?
What is the active in"redient in Peride?
Who in 1999 (ulished a n article su""estin" that sur"ical endodontics has a 94% success rate usin" $icrosur"ical techni=ues @ sE#A? 0uan" @ e$eikis showed that a((roi$atel+ what % of PD) cells re$ained vital after 47 hours of stora"e in 0ank-s #alanced alt olution? What is the colorin" a"ent in co$$ercial IP?
Who showed that the sur"ical success rate of a 7 nd s (erfor$ed on the sa$e tooth is 2,%?
What ;' is the $ost da$a"in" endotoin that is released fro$ "ra$ acteria?
Iriffee showed a si"nificant relationshi( @ s+$(to$s3 and what s(ecific acteria?etween a foul odor
What condition is alwa+s (resent in ( atients with t+(e 1 dentino"enesis i$(erfecta?
Warthin-s tu$or is eclusivel+ seen in what "land?
0uan" @ e$eikis discoura"e the use of what co$$on household ite$ as a stora"e $ediu$ for avulsed teeth? Ta$se in 1986 concluded that which solvent worked est as a IP solvent?
What is the $ai$u$ dosa"e of e(i as su""ested + the >N heart association for a health+ (atient? *n 7,,&3 Pashle+ descried what 7 $ethods for identif+in" cracks?
Iear+3 Culsrud3 @ *arrola all showed one s(ecific he$ostatic a"ent to cause dela+ed healin" @ a forei"n od+ res(onse. Which one was it? >a$e 2 differential dia"nosis for non;odonto"enic (ain.
#orvant su""ests the a((lication of what after fluoride to an avulsed tooth with "reater than &2 $in dr+ ti$e?
Who said that As do not have a si"nificant effect on the healin" of avulsed teeth that are i$$ediatel+ re(lanted?
*n the earl+ 8,-s3 which sealer was found to cause (aresthesia after overfills?
*n the late 8,-s3 which sealer was found to cause (aresthesia after overfills?
Who was the 1 st to de$onstrate $ast cells in the infla$ed hu$an (ul(?
What is the conduction s(eed of A;delta fiers?
What disease state3 $ost co$$onl+ found on the hard
An inc seru$ alkaline (hos(hate level aids in the dia"nosis
(alate3 (resents with a K"round "lassL radio"ra(hic a((earance?
of what disease?
What is the (heno$enon called where lood flow increases in a (reviousl+ anestheti/ed area?
A co$ination of :etranida/ole @ )ithiu$ will cause what?
>a$e 2 differential dia"noses for a (eria(ical radiolucenc+.
>a$e 2 differential dia"nosis for a (eria(ical radioo(acit+.
:attison @ >e 1981' descried a on+3 hard swellin" of the $andile adacent to a non;vital (str tooth3 usuall+ in +oun" adultsGchildren. What does this descrie? What is the (ur(ose of the staelite resin in Iross$an-s ealer?
Who coined the ter$ K!racked Tooth +ndro$eL?
What is the na$e of the (art of the tooth ud fro$ which the dental (ul( arises?
Fro$ which (art of the tooth ud does the dentin arise?
*n which t+(e of leuke$ia are +ou $ost likel+ to oserve oral lesions? A. :+elo"enous #. )+$(hoc+tic !. :onoc+tic D. Aleuke$ic
>a$e the life;threatenin" condition caused + (artial or co$(lete failure of the adrenocortical function.
Er+thro$+cin @ T etrac+clines $ied with Di"oin cause what reaction?
Er+thro$+cin3 !larithro$+cin3 or :etranida/ole with Warfarin cause what reaction?
What %-s did a+GTro(e find in their coronal seal vs. =ualit+ of !T?
#er"enholt/ @ icucci found that teeth with coronal leaka"e resisted a(ical leaka"e for how lon"?
ivera classified lon"itudinal tooth fractures into 2 cate"ories. >a$e the$.
Pitts identified a root fracture as havin" what t+(e of lesion?
Wh+ would oth-s sealer have etter anti$icroial activit+ than eala(e or !!?
Which sealer has een shown halhav 1994' to ehiit 4 da+s of anti$icroial activit+ a"ainst E. faecalis?
What do +ou call Kdiffuse foci of calcification fre=uentl+ found in the a"in" (ul(L usuall+ descried as (erivascular or (erineural? What is the na$e for the unusual (heno$enon that arises as a result of da$a"e to the auriculote$(oral nerve?
Fro$ which (art of the tooth ud does ce$entu$ arise?
Masconstrictors are contraindicated in (atients usin" what t+(es of $eds?
:iin" anti(s+chotics chlor(ro$a/ine'3 adrener"ic neuronal locker "uanadrel'3 th+roid hor$one3 or :A<*-s (henel/ine' with JJJJJJJJJ can have $inor reactions. *n 1996 #asten found what % of resected $olars had survived an avera"e of 17 +ears?
What did :adison 1984' conclude should e used for evaluation in leaka"e studies?
!urson @ Hirk <<< 1968' found which sealer was well tolerated + the PA tissues?
What t+(ical lesions are seen on (atients with er+the$a $ultifor$e?
>a$e the & theories of c+st for$ation.
What %-s did >air find in his 1998 histolo"ic sa$(les !+sts3 Iranulo$as3 Ascesses3 etc.'?
Who showed 198&' that if +ou cut IP with scissors it leaves a flan"e3 and that +ou should use a ra/or lade instead?
When usin" cold lateral3 Allison @ Walton 1981' showed that the s(reader $ust reach within how far of the a(e to effectivel+ seal the tooth?
Who-s fa$ous $onke+ 1981' confir$ed the findin"s of Hakehashi-s rat stud+stud+ 1962'?
Who-s hu$an stud+ 1946' confir$ed Hakehashi-s findin"s 1962'?
What is the lifes(an of a (latelet?
The ter$ dens in dente is s+non+$ous with what dental anor$alit+?
What is the co$$on cause of colitis?
0ow do +ou treat colitis?
Descrie the $ost co$$on location of the $ental fora$en.
Accordin" to Torainead <<< 1997'3 what % of a(ices (rotrude into the sinus?
Who develo(ed the i$$unolo"ical theor+ of c+st for$ation?
What is the #reakdown Theor+ of !+st For$ation?
Who stated that Ktu" ackL is n ot a "ood (redictor of the ailit+ of a cone to seal off a canal?
*n 19993 haahan" @ Torainead infected i$$ature do" teeth @ used $aterials to (roduce a(ical arriers. What were the three $aterials3 and which one worked est? >a$e 2 acteria involved in initial necrotic cases.
Which & host i$$unolo"ical $echanis$s $ediate tissue destruction @ one resor(tion in res(onse to acterial infection? >a$e t+(es of hu$an one.
What disease state is often dia"nosed + the (atient havin" lue sclera?
What t+(e of acteria is !linda$+cin $ost effective in treatin"?
Er+thro$+cin is least effective a"ainst what t+(es of acteria?
Which root is closest 1.94$$ avera"e' to the sinus?
Which root is furthest fro$ the sinus 4.,2$$ avera"e'?
E(lain the !avitational #reakdown Theor+ of !+st For$ation.
Who develo(ed the E(ithelial Proliferation Theor+ of !+st For$ation?
#roth$an 1981' de$onstrated which st+le of oturation showed twice the nu$er of lateral @ accessor+ canals @ a denser fill? Who used odds ratios to show that acterial co$$ensialis$
Iive two authors who de$onstrated IP seals etter than silver (oints.
wasn-t rando$3 ut worked so acteria continued to re(roduceGsurvive? What is the ter$ used to descrie (aral+sis of the facial nerve?
treated cases?
A$(icillin is $ost effective a"ainst what t+(e of acteria?
!linda$+cin @ PenMH are least effective a"ainst what t+(e of acteria?
Who discussed anato$ic considerations of odonto"enic infections3 like Koundaries of s(acesL3 K(aths of least resistanceL @ Kfascial (lanesL? Are there $ast cells (resent in PA "ranulo$as?
Are root canal treated teeth $ore rittle than vital teeth?
What $akes u( 42% of the li=uid in Wach-s (aste?
Who showed that 5 instru$entation re$oves deris etter than hand instru$entation at 13 3 @ 2$$ fro$ the a(e?
What co$$on infectious a"ents are (resent in a retreat cases? What is the $ost fre=uentl+ encountered eni"n neo(las$ of !T ori"in found in the $outh?
0aa(asolo concluded that unsealed cases durin" treat$ent or $ulti(le a((ts revealed hi"her fre=uencies of what acteria? A"ranuloc+tosis is an acute condition with a "reat reduction in the of what cells?
)ael each of the followin" as #acteriostatic or #acteriocidal Tetrac+cline3 Er+thro$+cin3 !linda$+cin
What is the $ode of action for Tetrac+cline3 Er+thro$+cin3 and !linda$+cin?
Who did a $eta;anal+sis on successGfailure rates3 which concluded that with a PA) success rates were aout 1,;72% lower? *n c+sts3 which *" is increased dra$aticall+3 accordin" to Pulver?
Accordin" to trinder" 1926' how lon" does healin" take @ therefore how lon" should we e doin" follow;u(s for'?
Who was the first to (ulish an article on true crown;down instru$entation?
What classic author su""ests overinstru$entation with s$all files on all teeth with PA)s?
>a$e 7 authors that clai$ed anachoresis occurs.
Which fa$ous stud+ on $onke+s led to the conclusion that anachoresis doesn-t occur? What is the na$e of the develo($ental anor$alit+ characteri/ed + the total asence of teeth?
What is the nor$al W#! count in a health+ adult $ale?
What t+(e of acteria is (ri$aril+ involved in (reviousl+
Which dental ano$al+ has teeth with a characteristic translucent or o(alescent hue3 usuall+ "re+ to luish rown?
What % of c+sts to "ranulo$as did #haskar find?
What is the $ost aundant cell in PA "ranulo$as?
What $ode of action does (enicillin have?
*s (enicillin toic to $a$$alian cells?
#er"enholt/ stated aut$ent teeth under"o necrosis JJJJ% of the ti$eQ $ore than crowned non;aut$ent teeth JJJJ%'
Who (erfor$ed the first >!T3 with what oturation $aterial @ when?
*nfla$$ator+ cells $ake u( what % of all cells in a (eria(ical "ranulo$a tern 1987'?
Are oth T cells @ # cells (resent in oth c+sts @ "ranulo$as? Which is in "reater =uantit+?
>ewton rec retreat$ent after e(osure to the oral cavit+ of how lon"?
Weer3 et al <<< 1 948' showed the $ini$u$ thickness of !avit re=uired for an a de=uate te$(orar+ seal to e what?
0ow do the levels of )P in non;vital teeth co$(are to the levels of )P in vital teeth childer'?
Who stated that 1,,% of sinus tracts are lined wG e(itheliu$ to the level of the rete rid"e @ % the entire wa+?
Who coined the ter$ Bfocal infection-?
E(lain the Kfocal infectionL theor+.
What effect do >A*Ds have on (atients takin" lithiu$ dru"s?
Which A has een shown to have an effect on oral contrace(tives 0ersch 1999'?
Who o(ened the 1 st endodontic (ractice?
Who first discussed the use of radio"ra(hs in >!T @ in evaluatin" success;failure?
>a$e & t+(es of cells (resent in a PA "ranulo$as.
i$on3 in 19873 descried a forei"n od+ reaction3 known as an Koral (ulse "ranulo$asL due to what?
!lark @ El Dee C
*n 194,3 who rec cuttin" 1 $$ fro$ the ti(s of files to $ake Kin etweenL si/es?
True or False.
tate the & $ain (oints of #rannstro$-s 1947' 0+drod+na$ic Theor+ of dentinal sensitivit+.
Who attriuted a $ultitude of diseases to Kfocal infectionL?
:etastases of tu$ors to the aws $ost co$$onl+ ori"inate fro$ where?
Accordin" to eader 1999'3 what is the avera"e inc in heart rate in 64% of (atients wG 7% lido wG 11,,k e(i "iven intraosseous? What is K0all-s to((in"L?
)ist the a((roi$ate %-s of A effectiveness accordin" to #au$"artner 7,,'.
*n 1994 !aliskan showed si"nificantl+ different success rates %-s' for (erforatin" @ non;(erforatin" internal resor(tion. What were the+ @ how did he rec treat$ent? Who first advocated the confine$ent of instru$entation to the inside of the canal3 insistin" that re(air histolo"ical' was (ossile at the root a(e? )ist & actions of he$ostasis with colla"en Iut$ann *EC 1996'.
Who found 1989' 0*M D>A in a dental (ul( firolasts?
What t+(e of radio"ra(hic a((earance does osteosarco$a (roduce?
Who first discussed the use of A" (oints?
What are the co$(onents of :TA :ineral Trioide A""re"ate'? Who did several e(eri$ents 1994' with ani$als to show that ena$el $atri (roteins are involved in for$ation of acellular ce$entu$? What is the $ost co$$on $ali"nanc+ affectin" skeletal ones?
Wh+ shouldn-t !a<0 e left lon"er than , da+s?
*n 1998 0eine concluded that which intracanal irri"ant was effective in dentin infected with E. faecalis?
*s there an+ si"nificance in short ter$ h ealin" in 0*M (atients vs. non;0*M (atients in >!T cases?
A((roi$atel+ what % of oral health care workers have a late aller"+?
Who clai$ed >< difference in root resor(tion twn endo treated teeth @ vital teeth when suected to orthodontic forces? 0ow i" does the a(ical (re( have to e to have efficient deliver+ of irri"ants?
*s it oka+ to do ortho on teeth that have een avulsed @ re(lanted?
*n 7,,2 Hauf$an3 et al.!Ts did a with P!@stud+ to deter$ine which acteria were in failin" without lesions. What si"nificant thin" did he find? What is the loss of tooth structure + che$ical $eans?
tashenko didwhat? an e(eri$ent with PGE electin knockout $ice @ found
*n 7,,23 0u"h3 et al. evaluated intracanal sealer distriution with 2 different oturation techni=ues. What did he find?
Where does a $ucocele $ost fre=uentl+ occur?
Which co$ination of irri"ants led to the "reatest ond stren"th etween E(i(han+ @ dentin Water alone3 7% !0O alone3 6% >aaa
*n a recent stud+ (ulished in Fe 7,,4 + Ihoddusi3 et al. what routine clinical (rocedure si"nificantl+ dela+ed acterial re;(enetration of the canals? *n 19843 !o ea$ined the effects of $aterials (laced a"ainst the (ul( in direct (ul( ca(s. What one thin" did he find to e $ore i$(ortant than which $aterial was used? 0ow could a+naud-s (heno$enon affect the (ul(s of an affected individual?
What is the (0 of :TA when it is $ied @ set?
0ow lon" does a(eification take?
0ow lon" does it take for outer dentin (0 to (eak at R9;1,(0' after !a<0 dressin" is added?
Which outer dentin (eaks first cervical or a(ical?
)ist reasons wh+ +ou would use a(ical deco$(ression.
Deco$(ression is an alternative to what?
0ow do vasoconstrictors affect vessels @ skeletal $uscle @ how does this effect #P?
0ow do vasoconstrictors affect heart rate?
*n !ru$(-s 1949 (ulication3 he uses the ter$ KP<< PATL to descrie what 8 reasons for (ossile failures?
When is the est ti$e of da+ to see late aller"+ (atients?
Accordin" to Andreasen3 does the location of the fracture deter$ine success?
Who clai$ed that routine tre(hination wasn-t necessar+?
Who first descried a(eification of non;vital teeth?
Descrie & different t+(es of arriers for$ed fro$ t of non; vital i$$ature teeth with !a<0.
Does the fora$en width increase with a"e?
Which cells are likel+ res(onsile for (reventin" the s(read of PA ascess?
What are the & ste(s in $uco(eriosteu$ healin"?
What t+(e of techni=ue should e used to reflect the fla( in a sur"er+?
>a$e 2 dru" co$inations with >A*Ds that should e avoided. Who uilt the first dental a((aratus ;ra+ $achine?
)in @ )an"eland C)N if acute sinusitis develo(s. *n (lace of A wG sinus (erforation' the+ rec what? When were ;ra+s discovered @ + who$?
*n order to (revent eternal cervical root resor(tion wG internal leachin"3 what needs to e done?
Accordin" to Del/an"les 1988'3 what (attern does intra; canal resor(tion usuall+ take?
What is the for$al na$e for Kussian edL?
To avoid air e$(h+se$a Elea/er @ Elea/er 1998' rec usin" what in (lace of the standard air s+rin"e?
True or False. >either # nor T cells are critical for the develo($ent of PA)s.
Who is known for the 0+drod+na$ic Fluid Flow Theor+?
Accordin" to )an"eland 1996'3 do +ou need to co$(letel+ curette out all of the infla$ed (eriradicular tissues durin" s?
Does the (eriosteu$ survive fla( reflection in a dissectional wound?
:cDonald 1997' concluded that levels of what3 $ade chlorofor$ safe for dentists @ staff3 due to the a $ount detected ein" elow <0A $andated levels? Who concluded that endo treated teeth wGo crowns were lost at 6 "reater rate than crowned endo treated teeth after oturation? >a$e 7 thin"s found in c+sts that aren-t found in "ranulo$as.
What are the two toic co$(onents in esorcinol; For$aldeh+de esin?
Who stated that Bre"ardless of how $uch (urulence has drained a tooth can e dried @ safel+ closed if etiolo"ic factors have een eli$inated-?
*n 199,3 Ha(lowit/ tested 2 solvents on the re$oval of IP. Which one did he find to e $ost effective the onl+ one which co$(letel+ dissolved IP'?
0owsite3 soon after wound occurs do $acro(ha"es arrive at the what is a their (ur(ose?
0ow soon after a wound occurs do P:>-s arrive at the site?
Who is known for the K(a(illa ased incisionL?
hould +ou use resorale colla"en $e$ranes to re(air sinus (erforations?
True or False. There is little difference in teeth with cus(al covera"e for survival rates of !T teeth vs. v ital teeth. What tissue is (ri$aril+ involved in the healin" of a hori/ontal root fracture?
o"ers @ Cohnson 1999' rec a((lication of what intracanal $edica$ent as a etter anal"esic than oral *u(rofen or a (laceo? Ioeri" 198' stated that (osts should e RJJJJ the len"th of the root S RJJJJJ$$'3 leavin" at least JJJJJ$$ of IP.
What one (roduct did 0artwell find to e su(erior in the softenin" of ussian ed after a 2 $in ti$e (eriod'?
*s adustin" the occlusion (roven to hel( in flare;u(s?
Accordin" to elt/er @ #ender 196' a (revious h of (ain indicates what 8,% of the ti$e?
*n 19843 Hrell tested oth-s @ A076 for their ease of re$ovailit+. Which one did he find easiest to re$ove?
Who stated that re;treatin" one-s own failures was unlikel+ to deride new areas Gc instru$entation would onl+ enlar"e in the sa$e directions as the first (re(aration? Descrie the t+(e @ densit+ of fiers in the PD) as +ou "o a(icall+.
Who concluded that a PA (la=ue was (resent on the eternal surface of the a(e3 @ thus PA tissues weren-t sterile? What ran"e of %-s did #ernhart 1994' @ ud 1998' find
Who first stated that at least & $$ of a(ical IP should re$ain followin" (ost s(ace (re(?
Descrie ste(s to $ini$i/e the risks of da$a"e to the
WT the a$ount of sinus (erforations in $olar sur"eries?
neurovascular undle eitin" the $ental fora$en.
Wh+ should +ou avoid AA in h+(o"l+ce$ics?
Accordin" to Ehrich3 Dionne @ 0utter 1994' which anti; aniet+ dru" works etter in endo (atients Tria/ola$ ,.72$" or Dia/e(a$ 72$"? Accordin" to Ioeri" 198' what t+(e of (osts should e used?
hould a (ost e (laced i$$ediatel+ followin" !T?
>a$e & t+(es of eternal infla$$ator+ cervicalGsulcular resor(tion. *n 1989 :et/ler @ :ont"o$er+ showed which $ethod 53 !a<03 0and' of !@ (roduced the cleanest canal at 1$$ fro$ the a(e'? What did Tho$as sa+ lined the dentinal tuules3 which was co$$onl+ $istaken for odontolastic (rocesses @ the elief
Accordin" to #attru$ @ Iut$ann 1996' what % of the (o(ulation under"oin" etir(ation is reall+ e(eriencin" (hanto$ tooth (ain? 0oshino3 in 19983 showed that usin" what with 2.72% >a
that the wa+ the DEC?as havin" an effect Whothe+ wasetended the first toallnotate roottoanato$+ dentin thickness @ iconcave $or(holo"+' on the retro"rade cavit+ (re(?
(ul(al;vascular Which stud+ on network'? ultrasonics was the first to not find cracks in the root end3 when root end resection was done?
*n what +ear was novocaine introduced3 and + who$?
Who introduced cocaine?
What techni=ue is est for $akin" (ost s(ace?
*s there a (ost on the $arket 7,,' which doesn-t leak?
Torainead 1988' stated thin"s that had no effect on inter;a((t e$er"encies. )ist the$.
>a$e 2 causes for (ersistent etraradicular infection.
What & thin"s do +ou need to do to (rotect the PD) cells in an intentional e(lantation case?
What is the avera"e success rate for intentional re(lantation?
Who concluded that self;stran"ulation didn-t occur in the (ul(? Wh+?
What is the difference twn (ul( stones @ dentricles?
Cavelet @ Torainead 1982' concluded that JJJJJJ was an effective alternative to suturin"Q Kit doesn-t cause that $uch $ore infla$$ationL.
:artin @ >ind 1984' used what irri"atin" $aterial in a(icoecto$+ sites to reduce flora 9&% i$$ediatel+?
Who introduced >a
Who introduced EDTA to endodontics?
Do clinicians need to alter their e(ectations healin" of PA)s ased solel+ on the 0*M status of their (atients?
Accordin" to olano C
>a$e 2 thin"s that are associated with intera((t e$er"encies with necrotic (ul(s. Who clai$ed that Kever+thin"L out the a(e causes infla$$ation 1999'?
Who stated 1997' that it didn-t $atter if +ou underfilled or overfilled3 the onl+ thin" that $attered to the o verall success rates' was the ( re;eistin" condition?
Aout ahow lon"direct does (ul( it take for coa"ulation necrosis to occur under !a<0 ca(?
Aout under how lon" doesdirect it take(ul( for hard occur a !a<0 ca(?tissue for$ation to
What sur"ical success rate did :addalone @ Ia"liani find in 7,, usin" $icrosco(es3 53 @ sE#A3 with a +r F5?
*f +ou have to do a (ul(ecto$+ on a (ri$ar+ tooth3 what is the est $aterial to oturate with @ wh+?
>a$e 7 reasons wh+ :TA is elieved to e ioco$(atile.
Which A has the stron"est distriution to one R,%'?
#ender 198' rec takin" how $an+ radio"ra(hs with dif vertical an"ulations to view hori/ontal root fractures.
What was the overall incidence of (ost;oturation (ain in #au$"artner-s 198 sealer etrusion stud+?
Accordin" to 0olco$ C
Which direction to vertical root fractures usuall+ occur?
*n 1998 a $odel of (ost;oturation (aresthesia was (erfor$ed with rats @ their sciatic nerves3 + who$? Accordin" to ach <<< 1962' at what te$(erature will &,% of the (ul(s recover?
:orse 1994' re(orted two cases of (aresthesia due to oturatin"G$edica$ent $aterials. What were the $aterials used in these 7 cases? 0ow $an+ de"rees inc in te$(erature will da$a"e PD) cells?
What retrofillin" $aterials did Dorn @ Iartner co$(are in
Wh+ did Fried$an 1991' find such low success rates with
their retros(ective 7 office stud+?
his sur"eries?
*f +ou wanted to (re;$edicate a (atient who was severel+ aller"ic to late3 what would +ou ?
0ow does intra(ul(al )A cause its effect?
!an +ou differentiate a c+st fro$ a "ranulo$a via ;ra+s? !T scans?
Does eu"enol in sealers affect the retention of (osts?
What t+(e of leachin" causes the $ost resor(tion?
Wh+ is ,% 07<7 likel+ to cause resor(tion?
hould e$do"ain re(lace !a<0 in (ul( ca(s? Wh+ or wh+ not? Which (ain fiers would e nu$ed if +ou had (ul(al anesthesia?
*n a 1998 $odel of (ost oturation (aresthesia3 which oturatin" $aterial was found to cause (aresthesia the fastest3 and recover the slowest? Which (ain fiers would e nu$ed if +ou had li( anesthesia?
What is the a((ro(riate screenin" radio"ra(h for (atholo"+ of the aws?
What is the $ost co$$on site of head @ neck s=ua$os cell carcino$a?
What is another na$e for the Akinosi #lock?
>a$e three other )A techni=ues that could e used in (lace of the *A>#?
Accordin" to !han 1987' what t+(e of (ost is est for reducin" forces on the tooth efore fracture'?
Accordin" to Ceansonne 1998' which (ost $aterial is est at reducin" root fractures?
A((roi$atel+ what % of teeth have defects at the !EC as re(orted + :or or otstein'?
Which t+(e of !EC dentin;ena$el side + side3 overla((in"3 or "a((in"' showed the "reatest leaka"e of 07<7 fro$ the cha$er? Accordin" to Pearson *EC 7,,' which sealer A0 Plus3 Tuliseal EWT3 A(eit3 Endion3 or oth-s 8,1' showed the est stailit+ in solution? Which cells are res(onsile for sti$ulatin" the differentiation of odontolast;like cells?
Which s(reader is est for lateral co$(action?
What is the role of odontolast;like cells in the (ul(?
*n what disease do (atients lack "lucocererosides3 have lots of foa$ cells3 @ have slowl+ resorin" roots?
What t+(e of he(atitis is also known as Bseru$ he(atitis-?
When /inc @ eu"enol $i @ are h+drol+/ed + saliva @ other li=uids3 what for$s?
*s !linda$+cin s+ner"istic3 anta"onistic3 or indifferent to Er+thro$+cin?
Which (o(ulation is $ainl+ affected + dens inva"inatus?
0ow is a dens inva"inatus for$ed?
What two $ain thin"s deter$ine the (ro"nosis of incisors wG ena$el;dentin fractures avn 1981'?
Accordin" to avn 1981' when do $ost chan"es in vitalit+ occur in incisors with ena$el;dentin fractures?
>a$e 2 internal $atrices that can e used when re(airin" a (erforation.
*n 7,,13 0olland did a do" stud+ of lateral root (erforations3 what did he find when usin" :TA as the re(air $aterial?
:acro(ha"es contriuteone which c+tokine3 as an i$(ortant activator of osteoclastic resor(tion?
Which cells (roduce of PIE73 which $a+ contriute to the osteol+tic resor(tion PA lesions? Which $etaolic d/ is associated with inc seru$ !a3 osteo(orosis3 stones3 va"ue aw (ain3 1,% lackin" la$ina duras3 @ a "round "lass a((earance?
Which area of the $outh has the hi"hest (redilection for $etastases?
What are 7 indications for usin" the Akinosi lock instead of the *A>#?
Who first clai$ed !linda$+cin was effective a"ainst or"anis$s isolated fro$ root canal s+ste$s?
#esides occlusal interferences3 wh+ would a talon cus( e dan"erous to the health of a tooth?
There are 7 cate"ories for case selection of dens inva"inatus teeth. What are the+?
What success %-s did Andreasen 1982' find for the necrosis of trau$ati/ed teeth?
Who stated that K(rolon"ed @ ri"id i$$oili/ation inc the risks of eternal root resor(tionL?
0ow far should s(readers e (laced when laterall+ co$(actin"?
Who stated that sealer was necessar+ to seal the a(e3 re"ardless of what oturation techni=ue was used?
Define a c+tokine.
*n 19973 Torainead found hi"h concentrations of which $ediator in s+$(to$atic hu$an PA lesions?
0ow does vita$in D resistant icket-s (resent
*s >!T healin" affected + Pa"et-s disease?
radio"ra(hicall+ WT the teeth?
>a$e 2 e$er"enc+ dru"s for t of )A overdose.
>a$e 2 vasoconstrictor reactions that occur wG )A overdose.
*f an aerration or ano$al+ is (resent3 how often will +ou find it on the contralateral tooth as well? aala3 et al. 199&'
What is the incidence of Dens *nva"inatus?
Which $etaolic d/ a((ears diffuse on an ;ra+ like "round "lass'3 feels like +ou are cuttin" t+rofoa$ when it-s io(sied3 and causes a slow e(ansion of one in all wa+s? What did Au"sur"er C
Wh+ did Du$sha have 98% necrosis in etruded teeth3 when Andreasen onl+ found 76% necrosis in his cases?
>a$e roles of c+tokines.
What is the $aor c+tokine involved in dentin resor(tion activit+?
Wh+ would a hori/ontal incision durin" or *>D' leed $ore than a vertical releasin" incision?
!an $etastases cause necrosis of (ul(al tissues?
>a$e 2 aller"+ s+$(to$s to sulfite;antioidants.
!an walkin" leach 07<7' inhiit co$(osite (ol+$eri/ation @ dentin ondin"?
What is a dens eva"inatus3 @ on what teeth does it usuall+ occur?
>a$e authors who found acterial leaka"e or endotoin leaka"e' likel+ to occur within weeks @ therefore rec re;t leakin" >!T cases if o(en weeks. What is one wa+ to treat l" c+sts which (revents ;induced devitali/ation of adacent teeth?
Which (roduces $ore resor(tion "ranulo$as or c+sts?
0ow can +ou reuvenate old IP?
>a$e 2 dif $ethods of re$ovin" a se(arated instru$ent or silver (oint.
Where should IP e stored?
0ow does the % o f s(irochetes var+ twn endo @ (erio lesions?
What is the % of the total surface area $ade u( + tuules at the DEC?
>a$e 7 authors who clai$ for$ocresol is dan"erous.
*n 7,,23 Harlovic co$(ared the Eriu$ NAI laser @ 5 for use in root end (re(s. What did he find?
Accordin" to Do+on3 Du$sha3 @ von Fraunhofer C
Accordin" to Tro(e 7,,2'3 hi"her (0 values at root surface @ 1$$ into the dentin were est otained + (a(er (oints3 lentulos(irals3 or s+rin"eale !a<0? Who clai$ed 7,,&' that increased PD) width does no necessaril+ indicate failure of the !T?
Which of the followin" would e est for an avulsed tooth wG 1 hr dr+ ti$e? A. e$ove PD) @ re(lant #. E$do"ainQ leavin" PD) @ re(lant !. ) eave PD) @ re(lant Which direction would +ou need to turn the 0edstro$ in the needle sleeve techni=ue' to en"a"e a se(arated instru$ent?
True or False. PA)s with sinus tracts can e c+sts3 "ranulo$as3 or ascesses.
T>F;β co$es fro$ what cells?
Who 7,,&' resected rootshowed dentin?that firolasts attach to freshl+
Who 7,,&' showed >D in hard tissue rid"in" or infla$$ation when usin" Prooot3 An"elus3 re"ular or white Portland ce$ents to (ul( ca( direct e(osures on do"s?
Which has less recession Pa(illa #ased *ncision P#*' or full (a(illa elevation?
#au$"artner 1994' tested 5 @ the Ionan s+ste$ on (ost re$ovals. Which did he find $ore effective?
Accordin" to cel/a 7,,&3 which would leave $ore o(en tuules 3 1, or 12 $in EDTA?
Who 1st descried the walkin" leach techni=ue?
What effect does a s(ace of 7$$ twn (ost @ IP have on (ost treat$ent d/? *n 1998 Torainead @ Frank descried a resor(tion in which the ;ra+ a((earance is si$ilar to et resor(tion3 the tooth is vital3 @ (ercussion is W>). The dia"nostic findin" is an irre"ular resor(tion area se(arate fro$ the canal. What is it? Torainead 1996' co$(ared :TA @ !a<0 as (ul( ca((in" a"ents. This was also done + Withers(oon 7,,' @ Aeinahehi3et al. Wh+ do the+ all clai$ :TA is etter? What is the $echanis$ of action of :TA in for$in" a hard tissueGdentin rid"e for$ation with a (ul( ca(?
*n 1999 #radford defined success as & thin"s. )ist the$.
Wh+ do vertical releasin" incisions leed less?
*n 7,,&3 0oshino descried a $ethod for Klesion sterili/ation
What classic article Ca$e & factors affectin" successful healin" of a (erforation.
E(lain the $echanis$ of E;electin su((ression Darveau 1992'.
@ tissue re(airL in (ri$ar+ teeth. What did he use to clean the teeth3 what did he use to oturate the$?
Masoncontriction fro$ E(i works via which rece(tor?
Accordin" to a recent stud+ + Fouad @ (an"er"-s "rou( in :a+ 7,,2 C
Did Mickers3 et al. 7,,7' find an+ chan"e in #PGP while evaluatin" acellets or 7,% ferric sulfate for their efficac+ @ cardiovascular effects? *n 1996 Fuss stated that one thin" was $ore accurate than radio"ra(hs for locatin" root (erforations. What was it? 0ow is internal resor(tion $aintained?
Does to(ical thro$in i$(ede healin"?
*n 7,,&3 Nared did a cou(le of studies on tor=ue control @ found the sa$e thin" oth ti$es. W hat was his si"nificant clinical findin"? What is the :
What is Avitene?
What is the est wa+ to a((l+ Avitene?
Accordin" to Withers(oon @ Iut$ann 1996 *EC'3 what are the (hases of he$ostasis?
Who found 1994' that in the soft tissue anesthesia occurred with either .6$l or 1.8$l of 7% lido wG 11,,k3 12,k3 or 18,k e(i3 ut in the (ul( the volu$e $attered? Whose "rou( showed "eristore to e n on;c+totoic to "in"ival firolasts?
Iolder" 7,,2' did a co$(arison stud+ in teeth wG (osts that had either no s(ace3 ,;7$$3 or 7$$ twn the IP @ the (osts. What success rates were found? >a$e authors who don-t think (ro(h+lactic As decrease flare;u(s.
Accordin" to >aidorf 1982' how do flare;u(s occur?
What is the $eltin" (oint of (lastic Ther$afil carriers?
Who (ro(osed 1997' the internal $atri conce(ts for internal re(air of (erforations?
Which $atri $etallo(roteinase is u(re"ulated in infla$ed hu$an dental (ul(s?
What effect does cavit+ (re(aration have on sustance P levels in the (ul(?
Are (atients on cou$adin safe for oral sur"er+?
Wh+ is one wa >
*n a stud+ + #oessler3 Peters @ ehnder 7,,4' a=ueous @ "el t+(e canal luricants were used @ the tor=ue3 torsional loads @ $a force values of rotar+ instru$ents were co$(ared. Which t+(e of luricant was $ore efficient? What is the % of isth$uses in : roots of $d $olars von Ar 7,,2'? What are 7 other na$es for a B(ulse "ranulo$a-?
Which is etter li=uid or (aste luricants Peters 7,,2'?
Whose 1998 stud+ concluded that it didn-t $atter if +ou used a wet or dr+ cotton (ellet in (erforation re(airs wG :TA?
Malois3 ilva @ A/evedo C
What are the ke+ in"redients for tissue en"ineerin"?
0ow does sustance P (la+ a role in nitric oide (roduction?
>a$e 7 authors who concluded that IT was not needed @ caused infla$$ation or >D in rates of healin"'.
0ow do IT arriers work?
What is the % of isth$uses in :# roots of $ $olars von Ar 7,,2'? What t+(es of $aterials are the cul(rits in cellulose "ranulo$as?
>a$e 7 authors who are (ro(onents of the use of s+ste$ic steroids to aid in (ost;o( (ain relief. *n 7,,& Elea/er did a success rate co$(arison stud+ twn IP-s and Endodontists3 what did he find? PA c+sts co$(ro$ise what % of all c+sts affectin" the hu$an aws?
Accordin" to */u 7,,&' do we need to worr+ aout conta$ination of the PA tissues fro$ (atenc+ files if we have >a
Whose 7,,2 article co$(ared esilon with IP @ found esilon to e ust as (oor if not worse than IP' for resistin" leaka"e? 0ow does "eo"ra(h+ (la+ a role in endo ascesses?
Ta+ @ Pashle+ C
uda 7,,7' @ Pecora 1994' oth did studies on do"s @ rats res(ectivel+' on what t+(e of IT arrier? The+
*n 1994 Pecora listed several indications for IT in .
concluded it was Beffective- @ it Becluded the !T3 allowin" one to re"enerate-'
>a$e of the$.
*n 7,,&3 who soaked teeth in 7% !0O for 1, $in @ then stored the$ for var+in" (eriods u( to 17 wks to deter$ine the sustantivit+ of !0O? Who 7,,2' discovered that firolasts attach to Ieristore3 ut not Hetac Fil or *:?
*n 7,,& Io$es showed that var+in" concentrations of what intracanal irri"ant were effective a"ainst E. faecalis3 !. alicans3 @ Por(h+ro$onas3 within , secs? Which roots of $G$d $olars have een shown >
>a$e 7 authors who elieve (ro(h+lactic As dec flare;u(s?
What is a Bchronic infla$$ator+ lesion at the (eria(e that contains an e(itheliu$;lined3 closed (atholo"ical cavit+-?
Willia$son C
Whose stud+ showed a neofor$ation of ce$ental covera"e over :TA as a root;end fillin" $aterial?
What is e$do"ain?
*n 7,,13 who (ulished a do" stud+ statin" that Iuidor a IT ioresorale $e$rane' was eneficial?
Accordin" to Iulaivala 7,,&' how does the effectiveness of electroche$icall+ activated water as an irri"ant co$(are to >a
Who 7,,2' used iolu$inescent acteria to show that the de(th of the (enetration was a si"nificant factor in the reduction of acterial counts? *n the Delta Dental tud+3 (ulish in 7,,&3 what % of the teeth were $aintained at 8+rs?
>a$e 2 in"redients of cavit.
0ow $i"ht E. faecalis affect P:>-s recruitin" activit+ in a(ical (eriodontitis?
Who showed that cotton fiers tra((ed twn the wall of the tooth @ the cavit can dra$aticall+ affect the sealin" ailit+ of the te$(orar+ restoration? Durin" which (hase of cell "rowth is E. faecalis $ost susce(tile to intracanal $edica$ents?
What factors in the lood clottin" cascade' does cou$adin attack?
What do +ou need to worr+ aout in (atients with von Willerand-s d/?
Which oral (ain $ed has een shown to dec resor(tion in ortho cases Milla 7,,2'?
*n 7,,&3 Erde$ir showed which intracanal irri"ants to have a ne" effect on ond stren"ths of restorative $aterials?
*n 7,,& :c!lanahan did a co$(arative stud+ of white @ "re+ :TA3 7 @ 2 $$3 @ one ste( vs. two ste(. Which did he find was est? What kind of e(itheliu$ nor$all+ lines c+sts?
*n 7,,&3 Cohnson tested ice3 !<7 snow @ Endo*ce TFE' on etracted (re$olars. 0e tested un(re((ed teeth3 FI!3 PF:3 @ all cera$ic crowns @ found what? Will trau$a or PA (atholo"+ in (ri$ar+ teeth cause da$a"e to underl+in" develo(in" (er$ teeth?
osins do thin"s as active in"redients in IP. )ist these thin"s. Who e(osed $ouse (eritoneal $acro(ha"es to IP
What is it that causes IP to e toic?
(articles @ found that the $acro(ha"es factors which have a one resorin" activit+ duereleased to enhanced (roduction of *);1 α? What is the U life of cou$adin?
>a$e studies dis(rovin" the 0ollow T ue Theor+.
0ow does endotoin (la+ a role in PA disease?
What is PTT?
Does citric acid dec $icrohardness $ore than 14% EDTA Erde$ir 7,,2'?
What did :ar"elos 1994' clai$ to e the est a"ent to re$ove !a<0 fro$ the root canal?
*n 7,,4 *=al (ulished a re(ort on 199 =uestionnaires filled out + (ts under"oin" (eriradicular $icrsco(ic . Which se @ a"e e(erienced the $ost (ain @ swellin"? What $aor factor is likel+ to e indicative of a flare;u(?
*n 7,,4 *=al (ulished a re(ort on 199 =uestionnaires filled out + (ts under"oin" (eriradicular $icrsco(ic . At what ti$e was the $a (ain @ swellin" re(orted? Accordin" to Tronstad 1949' what effect does a flare;u( have on the success rates of !T?
0ow do 5 hel( clean the canal etter !unnin"ha$ 1987'?
Does !avi;Endo work via acoustic strea$in" or via cavitation?
What thin"s are necessar+ for anachoresis to occur?
Accordin" to Al(tekin3 et al. C
What do +ou want the PTT to e at?
infection.
What is in the new for$ulation of ! Pre(?
What was in the old for$ulations of ! (re( that caused it to re$ain in the canals after instru$entation?
*n 7,,4 *=al (ulished a re(ort on 199 =uestionnaires filled out + (ts under"oin" (eriradicular $icrsco(ic . Which area of the $outh was related to $ore (ain @ swellin"? What % of (atients usuall+ have flare;u(s?
What % of $a 1st $olars have innervation fro$ oth the PA @ :A?
*n 7,,23 a "rou( fro$ 5 of :ichi"an concluded that :TA did >
>a$e 7 authors who clai$ 5 clean canals etter then without 5?
what on the endotheliu$? Whateffect is an avera"e (latelet count @ what is the $in +ou would want for sur"er+?
*f a (atient has liver disease3 what would +ou e(ect to see in the PTT values?
Who introduced ! Pre(?
What is EDTA?
Accordin" to Fro$$er 1947'3 what % of the (o(ulation has se(arate canals for the $+loh+oid nerve?
Accordin" to Anderson 1998'3 is the taident $ore effective in the $andile or the $ailla?
Accordin" to 0eithersa+ 199&'3 there is a stron" association twn invasive cervical resor(tion @ ortho t3 trau$a3 @Gor intracoronal leachin". What does he rec for treat$ent? *n 7,,23 who showed 5 i rri"ation (roduced si"nificantl+ cleaner canals then re"ular irri"ation?
What do +ou usuall+ find when +ou enter a (ul( with invasive cervical resor(tion?
*n invasive cervical resor(tion3 what t+(es of infla$$ator+ cells are (resent?
0ow does ! of the co$(le$ent cascade' (la+ a role in infla$$ation?
0ow does !6 of the co$(le$ent cascade' (la+ a role in infla$$ation?
Accordin" to Do$ici3 et al. Elea/er C
Which factors in the clottin" cascade are vit H de(endant?
What does #T leedin" ti$e' $easure?
*n :arch of 7,,23 Ari @ Erde$ir did a stud+ on the $ineral content of root dentin @ found that of the irri"atin" solutions tested3 onl+ one didn-t cause a dec in !a @ P. Which one? Who did the ori"inal research for the technolo"+ we now use in a(e locators?
*n A(ril 7,,4'3 osener"3 et al. (ulished a stud+ statin" which 7 t+(es of anesthetic were S in (ain relief when used as a su((le$ental anesthesia infiltrations'? What is the electrical resistance twn the (eriodontiu$ @ $ucous $e$rane?
Wh+ shouldn-t +ou use citric acid to clean off avulsed teeth?
Andersson @ #odin 199,' clai$ed that teeth re(lanted within what ti$e have a favorale (ro"nosis?
:TA can induce one for$ation + sti$ulatin" hu$an "in"ival firolasts to (roduce what 7 "rowth factors?
What thin"s are in "re+ :TA that are >
0ow does !9 of the co$(le$ent cascade' (la+ a role in infla$$ation?
What is er+si(elas?
Which test should e used in (ts takin" cou$adin?
PT $easures what?
>a$e 7 authors su((ortin" the use of intracanal steroids for (ain relief.
Do intracanal $edica$ents decrease (ain?
Accordin" to Wei"er 7,,1'3 if +ou are ,;7$$ short of the radio"ra(hic a(e3 how often are +ou actuall+ overinstru$entin" in (re$olars @ $olars? After how lon" of dr+ stora"e does Andreasen clai$ that resor(tion will occur Gc PD) cells start d +in"?
Who develo(ed the ratio $ethod of electronicall+ deter$inin" W)?
Which "rou( 7,,4' showed sin"le cone techni=ue resin ased' did not seal as ade=uatel+ as war$ vertical co$(action? What is the $ost co$$on #P# isolated?
*n 199& a cadaver stud+ was done that concluded that 5
*n 199, !vek did a $onke+ stud+ which "ave us the rational ehind soakin" avulsedGo(en teeth in Do+c+cline for 2 $inutes. What did he find? Whose stud+ in 7,,4 A(r' showed that co$(lete deris re$oval fro$ files is near i$(ossile @ advocated sin"le use of files? >a$e & wa+s a rain ascess could e caused + odonto"enic infections. Who was the first to re(ort 5 @ cracks?
(roduced dee(er (re(s with s$aller evels @ were etter centered'. Who did this stud+?
What is the (ur(ose of Tween 8, in :TAD?
What does EDTA work on?
An etra root located lin"uall+ on a $andiular $olar is called what?
0ow accurate is the root O?
Accordin" to a recent 7,,4' stud+ done in #ra/ilEsteves3 et al.' is there a difference in orthodontic root resor(tion of vital vs. non;vital teeth? Accordin" to a recent stud+ Hitchens3 et al. C
0ow does the si/e of the a(e relate to the ailit+ of a tooth to revasculari/e?
(rion (roteins? 0ow does vita$in D resistant rickets affect the (ul(?
*n 19923 Torainead @ Aedi stated that crack for$ation + 5 was a function of & thin"s. >a$e the$.
*n teeth internall+ leached with cara$ide (eroide 12%' the $aorit+ of color chan"e co$es fro$ chan"es in which dentin or ena$el? An etra root located uccall+ on a $andiular $olar is called what? *n a stud+ + #akland-s "rou( fro$ 5 of P3 de$onstratin" vertical root fractures3 which se @ a"e "rou( a((eared to e(erience the $ost MF-s? 0ow does the short ter$ c+totoicit+ of e(i(han+Gresilon co$(are with A0GIP?
Accordin" to Elea/er-s "rou( C#s for teeth with irreversile (ul(itis? Accordin" to a recent 7,,4' $eta;anal+sis on s$ear la+er re$oval hahraven3 et al.' fro$ *ran3 what role does s$ear la+er (la+ on the a(ical seal of the canal? *n a stud+ + #akland-s "rou( fro$ 5 of P3 de$onstratin" vertical root fractures3 which two teeth had the $ost of MFs? What can e used to safel+ disinfect resilon (ellets @ cones o+al3 et al. C
What does MEIF do?
Are !o;7 @ MEIF (resent in nor$al (ul( tissues?
What causes secondar+ h+(er(arath+roidis$?
0ow do +ou treat (ri$ar+ or secondar+ h+(er(arath+roidis$?
0ow does the cleanin" efficienc+ of AEW stron" acid electrol+te water' @ >aa
Does addin" :e(erdine to a lidocaine solution increase the efficienc+ of the *A>#?
!an +ou have lesion on a vital tooth tashenko 1992'?
Which is $ore accurate )aser Do((ler or EPT?
*n a stud+ + #akland-s "rou( fro$ 5 of P3 de$onstratin" vertical root fractures3 MFs see$ to e associated with what (re;o( si"ns @ s+$(to$s? Which showed the least a$ount of leaka"e Ilass *ono$er !e$ent3 Pol+caro+late !e$ent3 esin :odified I* !e$ent3 or Flowale co$(osite !elik Cov'?
*n a stud+ + #akland-s "rou( fro$ 5 of P3 de$onstratin" vertical root fractures3 MFs see$ed >ov'?
What is the dosa"e of $eth+lene when used in (hotod+na$ic thera(+' needed tolue kill $ost acteria?
0ow are MEIF @ !o;7 connected?
0ow does esilonGE(i(han+ co$(are to :TA @ sE#A for leaka"e' as a root end fillin" $aterial?
Which t+(e of 5 ti( shows the "reatest cuttin" efficienc+ 3 /irconiu$ nitride coated3 or dia$ond coated ti(s?
What t+(e of fillin" $aterial is KIutta;FlowL?
Which laser has een $arketed as Kale to re$ove the s$ear la+erL?
*n Canuar+ 7,,43 #au$"artner3 et al. did a co$(arison stud+ of 2.72% >aa
Wh+ don-t +ou want to use !a<0 as a fillin" $aterial in (ri$ar+ teeth?
Wh+ would Tro(e rec usin" E$do"ain in avulsion cases?
What does B>.*.!.<.- stand for?
What t+(e of sealer is IuttaFlow?
0ow does addin" 1,% !alciu$ !hloride to :TA affect its (h+sicoche$ical (ro(erties?
#acteroides acteria were reclassified into what 7 "rou(s?
What was the reclassification of #acteroides ased on?
What are the classic si"ns of h+(er(arath+roidis$?
What causes (ri$ar+ h+(er(arath+roidis$?
What was the avera"e heart rate increase in (atients receivin" an intraosseous inection eader-s "rou( Cov'? Accordin" to #aldissara3 et al. C
What % anesthetic success did eader-s "rou( find Cov' with &% art as an intraosseous?
What is another na$e for atner-s one c+st?
Descrie the avera"e (o(ulation that would e(erience a ce$ental tears.
*n a recentl+ (ulished stud+ on the new B>avi;Ti(-3 which (ortion of the canals was the cleanest?
*n a stud+ + Ed"ar3 :arshall @ #au$"artner Cs3 T !ells3 :acro(ha"es.
IP activates which co$(le$ent when overetended?
What is the $ost co$$onl+ cracked tooth?
Which was found to e weaker #aldissara3 et al. C
Wh+ is sickle cells ane$ia likel+ to cause (ul( necrosis without identifiale etiolo"+?
What s+ste$ic disease3 that is >
Accordin" to a recent stud+ + >andini3 et al Cov' which was $ore easil+ re$oved + 14% EDTA (owdered !a<0 in distilled water' or :eta(e? Which $edia showed the hi"hest volta"e conductance :ickel3 et al. C
0ow does surface tension of 2.72% >a
What is the histor+ on a >.*.!.<. lesion?
What are the co$$on s+$(to$s in a >.*.!.<. lesion?
*s "reater or less wettailit+ etter for a root canal sealer?
Which has een shown to have "reater wettailit+ characteristics !onventional oot !anal ealers or ilicone #ased ealers? Do acteria have to e vital to (roduce (ul(al or PA infla$$ation?
0ow does the of acteria in an infected tooth (la+ a role in (ain?
Who is $ore likel+ to e(erience facial (ain wo$en or $en?
Who found >D in (ushout resistance if :TA was covered + a wetGdr+ (ellet in furcal re(airs?
Who clai$ed that +ou shouldn-t do sur"er+ a(ical curetta"e' wGo resection @ retrofill3 Gc +ou aren-t re$ovin" the infected root or sealin" off (otential root canal $icroor"anis$s?
What difference is there twn 11,,k e(i @ 12,k e(i in lood loss in (erio fla(s?
What difference is there twn 11,,k e(i @ 12,k e(i in anesthesia in (erio fla(s?
0as EA) een shown to have an effect on (ace$aker function?
What is the % of isth$uses in D roots of $andiular $olars von Ar 7,,2'?
0ow do +ou treat a >.*.!.<. lesion?
Do >.*.!.<. lesions recur?
What wavelen"th does the diode laser work est at?
trafill3 oekoeal3 E(i(han+3 Endoe/?
Who was the first to descrie the s$ear la+er?
Accordin" to #au$"artner 198&' the s$ear la+er consists of 7 (arts. Descrie these 7 (arts.
Dorn @ Iartner199,' co$(ared the success rates of sE#A3 *: @ a$al"a$ WT a(ical s alone3 or re;t @ a(ical s. What %-s did the+ find?
Who was the first author to s(ell out the contraindications @ indications of sur"er+?
What is the $ost co$$on side effect of a $aillar+ nerve lock? Does h+ridi/ation of intraradicular dentin reall+ i$(rove fier (ost retention in endo treated teeth? >a$e 2 differential dia"nosis for (artial loss of la$ina dura.
When )A enters the (ter+"o$andiular s(ace @ then the lateral retro(har+n"eal s(aces @ then into the dan"er /ones3 causin" a s+$(athetic cervical lock3 what is it called? *n Dec 7,,2 C.*.!.<. lesions?
0ow soon after :TA (lace$ent can "lass iono$er e (laced directl+ over :TA @ not affect the seal accordin" to a 7,,4 stud+ + >andini3 et al.'? What is the s$ear la+er co$(osed of?
*n a recent stud+ + l+3 et al. C
What is another na$e for the li$ited $uco(eriosteal
Accordin" to Hi$ D!>A 1994'3 how lon" does it take for
su$ar"inal rectan"ular fla( desi"n?
!alciu$ ulfate to resor?
hould antihista$ines e (rescried to reduce (ain?
Which aniol+tic thera(+ is $ost reco$$ended?
*n what decade @ in what se is the (revalence of PA c+sts hi"hest?
Accordin" to #ernick 1929'3 how accurate are EPTGcold tests with (ri$ar+ teeth?
0ow do +ou treat a lateral luation or etrusion?
0ow do +ou treat an intruded o(enGclosed a(e tooth?
0ow lon" did Wesselink 7,,&' 5 canals for in his co$(arison stud+ of irri"ated s+rin"ed 2, $l >aaa$e authors who are (ro(onents for re$oval of the s$ear la+er.
Accordin" to Wesselink 7,,&' how i$(ortant is the dia$eter @ ta(er of the instru$ented canal on the effectiveness of 5 irri"ation? 0ow is the flow of infla$$ator+ cells into the (ul( affected + denervation of the (ul(?
0ow lon" does it take (lain "ut sutures to resor?
0arrison @ Iut$ann rec suture re$oval after which ti$e (eriod?
0ow useful is !:!P as an intracanal $edica$ent?
What is the active a"ent in !:!P?
o"ren in 1991 stated that the est results for canal disinfection occur when JJJJ is done 1 visit endo3 7 visit wG !a<0 for at least one week3 7 visit wGo !a<0 intra;a((t. Which authors found R12% c+sts @ 82% "ranulo$as or PA ascesses?
Who first stated that we should consider healin" + scar when reviewin" (ost endo t @ s work;u(s?
*n 7,,& who found ce$entu$ for$ation adacent to :TA?
*n 7,,& who found h ard tissue for$ation adacent to :TA?
What is the $ode of action of tranee$ic acid a (otent antifirinol+tic a"ent'?
What is the (0 of ferric sulfate?
What t+(e of diaetes is insulin de(endant diaetes $ellitus?
When is onset of insulin de(endant diaetes $ellitus @ how does it affect the od+?
0ow does !a<0 inhiit resor(tion?
Who showed that inter;a((t >a
What are the est radio"ra(hic (redictors of (ul(al disease Haffe @ Iratt 1988'?
Accordin" to !T should +ou see radio"ra(hic si"ns of healin" in teeth with !AP? >a$e 2 differential dia"noses of PA)s in the $a incisorG(re;$olar areas.
*n 19473 :orse stated that the location of the ascess de(ends on the location of the root a(e relative to what?
0ol/3 Ta+lor @ Ceansonne 1994' stated that the re$oval of the s$ear la+er does what to the a(ical seal?
Which authors found &2;2,% "ranulo$as @ &2;2,% c+sts?
*n 7,,& Dorn showed Endocal1, to e detri$ental in what wa+?
*n 7,,&3 who found firolasts ti"htl+ attached to :TA?
Which interleukin *)' is ca(ale of inducin" one resor(tion?
>a$e interleukins *)' contained in a hu$an radicular c+st.
What % of all diaetes is t+(e 1 insulin de(endant' diaetes $ellitus?
What t+(e of diaetes is non;insulin de(endant diaetes $ellitus?
What effect does !a<0 have on )P in vitro' afavi @ >ichols 199'?
*s the <0; $oiet+ of !a<0 acteriocidal or acteriostatic?
Which root of which tooth is likel+ to e covered + the /+"o$atic arch in radio"ra(hs &8% of the ti$e Ta$se @ Hafne 198,'? >a$e 2 differential dia"noses of PA)s in the $andiular incisorsG(re;$olar areas.
What is a Ktransient radiolucenc+L
What is the $ode of action of ioactive "lass #AI'?
aunders 7,,&' used . san"uis in solution to de$onstrate what?
What do +ou call a $etaolic PA) in which the lesion is infiltrated with eosino(hils @ the roots a((ear to e floatin" in air?
Which i$$unolo"ical $ediators cause a(ical (eriodontitis?
When is the t+(ical onset of t+(e 7 >*DD:3 @ how does it affect the od+?
What % of all diaetes is t+(e 7 >*DD:'?
What is the $ost effective $ethod of carr+in" !a<0 to len"th?
Which should e the final irri"ant when usin" a self;etchin" adhesive to ond to the (ul( cha$er >a
*n a$e 2 differential dia"noses for a PA) in the $andiular (re;$olarG$olar areas.
Does a roken instru$ent $atter to the success of a tooth? (ili3 Parashos3 @ :esser 7,,2'
Accordin" to a 7,,6 (ulished stud+ on (ost;re$oval 0uttula3 et al. Cov'3 what i s needed to si"nificantl+ reduce the te$( on the eterior root surface? What was the si"nificance of KFish-s onesL?
0i"her concentrations of which t+(e of :TA "re+ or white' are needed to kill off E. faecalis or . san"uis?
>a$e 2 differential dia"noses of PA)s in the $aillar+ $olarG(re;$olar areas.
*f +ou have a co$(licated crown fracture @ a necrotic (ul( or uncontrolled he$orrha"in"3 what is the treat$ent of choice?
Who clai$ed #. $elano"enicus is associated wG (ain3 sinus tracts3 @ odor?
*n 1994 Fuks co$(ared for$ocresol @ ferric sulfate for use in (ul(oto$ies of (ri$ar+ teeth. What did h e find?
Who first descried a for$ocresol (ul(oto$+ 19,6'?
*n 1999 Estrella de$onstrated that !a<0 had >< anti$icroial effect at 733 @ 4 da+s a "ainst E. faecalis or . san"uis in infected dentin tuules. What did he conclude? Who was the lead i nvesti"ator in the Toronto stud+?
Accordin" to 0ar"reaves Endo To(ics Mol 7' there are 4 reasons wh+ anesthetic fails. >a$e 2 of the$.
Which of the followin" can (resent as tooth (ain :i"raine3 !luster 0eadache3 Paro+s$al 0e$icrania3 0e$icrania !ontinua Cov'? Does the incidence of instru$ent se(aration inc with non; tor=ue controlled $otors?
Accordin" to Andreasen 194,' @ Hahner"Gidell 1949' what factor (la+s the i""est role in whether teeth recover fro$ alveolar fractureG$and fracture? Does the incidence of instru$ent se(aration inc with 1 st +ear vs. 7nd +ear residents?
>a$e authors who clai$ that acteria are associated with s+$(to$s.
0ahn 199' clai$ed what 7 t+(es of acteria increase cold sensitivit+?
*n 19923 Waterhouse reviewed the success rates of $edica$ents as use in (ul(oto$ies of (ri$ar+ teeth. What were the @ what were the results?
0ow would sickle cell ane$ia ( resent radio"ra(hicall+?
*n 7,,6 stud+ Ca
Wh+ does irri"atin" with >a
*n 7,,, #arthel @ oulet (ulished a retros(ective stud+ which reviewed success rates of !a<0 (ul( ca(s on carious e(osures. What sur(risin" result did the+ find? *n 7,,63 Ta+-s "rou( studied the c+totoicit+ of sealers unset in Teflon tues'. The+ found $ost (osed =uite a risk
What t+(e of $ilk is est for stora"e of avulsed teeth?
@ that risk inc with ti$e. Which sealers did the+ test? *n PDTthat what wavelen"th of red li"ht&in co$o with $eth+lene lue d+e' is needed to kill 94% of E. faecalis accordin" to oukos3 et al. C
7,,6 !analetealer3 A0 3concluded Endoe/3that eala(e? *n
*n (hase 1 of the Toronto stud+ what were the two $ain conclusions aout >!T?
*n (hase 1 of the Toronto stud+3 for ortho"rade retreat$ent3 what was the overall healed rate?
What (ro(ert+ of !0O $akes it a useful adunct in necrotic cases?
*n
#+ how $uch did the success rate "o down3 in (hase 1 of the Toronto stud+3 for ortho"rade retreat$ent in teeth with APs3 ut with or without (erforations? Aout how lon" can saliva kee( PD) cells vital?
*f a tooth was initiall+ filled short @ retreated3 was it likel+ to e $ore or less successful then those initiall+ filled to len"th Toronto tud+ 7,,'? Aout how lon" can $ilk kee( PD) cells vital?
0as ioreactive "lass #AI' een shown to e effective without dentin?
*n usin" ProTa(ers which hel(s the files to have a lon"er use (eriod low tor=ue or hi"h tor=ue?
Accordin" to 0aa(onen 1986' PA actino$+cosis is rare3 ut if found3 should e treated how?
Who clai$ed >< likel+ relationshi( twn acteria s(ecificall+ #P#' @ s+$(to$s?
>a$e 2 of the 8 inherent factors of diaetics #ender 7,,'.
Who stated that diaetics have a lower rate of healin"?
*n 1998 )indsko" @ #lo$lof scra(ed ce$entu$ off etracted teeth @ then re(lanted the$ in $onke+s. The+ used an intracanal !0O 1,%' for & weeks. W hat did the+ find? What was the overall healin" rate for (hase 1 sur"3 retreat' in the Toronto stud+?
Does s$ear la+er $ake a difference in leaka"e?
Put the followin" in order fro$ the est stora"e $ediu$ for an avulsed tooth' to the worst :ilk3 aline3 Water3 Mias(an3 aliva3 0#
Accordin" to the results of the Toronto stud+ Phase 1'3 what are the 7 si"nificant (redictors of outco$es of a (ical sur"er+? Wh+ is water not a "ood stora"e $ediu$ for an avulsed tooth? What t+(e of sealer is eal eal? 0ow fast does reattach$ent of e(itheliu$ @ !T occur in an incisional wound? Eldeni/3 et al. C
#+ what $ode of action does a acellet work?
tests' the followin" roota$al"a$3 end fillin"Prooot $aterial:TA3 for their antiacterial activities *:3 u(er#ond !@#3 Ieristore3 D+ract3 !learFil APO co$( wG E #ond3 @ Protect #ond. Which were $ost antiacterial?
*n 199 what che$ical did !rai" @ 0arrison (ro(ose for the treat$ent of resected root ends to re$ove the s$ear la+er3 e(ose colla"en3 @ enhance ce$ento"enesis? *n (hase 1of the Toronto stud+3 it was found that & $ain thin"s affect the treat$ent outco$es on ortho"rade ret cases. >a$e all & @ which was least detri$ental. #arnett @ Tronstad ori"inall+ rec s(lintin" a hori/ root fracture for 7;& $o3 wh+ are the "uidelines now 7;& weeks i.e. which stud+ chan"ed this reco$$endation'? What for$s when :TA @ s+nthetic tissue fluids co$ine?
What is the $ode of action for a PD) inection?
0ow does outward (rotective flow of dentinal fluid occur when the (ul( res(onds to trau$a?
What is the % of the total surface $ade u( + tuules at the PDC?
Accordin" to Iut$ann @ 0arrison3 what is the ti$e for e(ithelial arrier for$ation in oral $uco(eriosteal tissues under ideal conditions?
What is the advanta"e of addin" chro$iu$ trioide to (lain "ut suturin" $aterial?
What is the avera"e (ul(al anesthesia with PD) inections?
Which )A is rec for use with PD) inection?
Elea/er @ Elea/er 1998' co$(ared 1 ste( vs. $ulti ste( WT flare;u(s. Which led to less flare;u(s?
Did the+ find a statistical difference in ret wG s or s alone in the Toronto outco$es stud+ (hase 1?
Accordin" to Tro(e 1998'3 wh+ is Tetrac+cline rec in avulsion cases?
Do +ou want to ad$inister As after re(lace$ent of an avulsed tooth?
What is the difference twn white @ "re+ :TA Parirokh 7,,2'?
Accordin" to hostad 7,,2' what is the $ini$u$ thickness of :TA to (revent leaka"e?
What is the nor$al tissue h+drostatic (ressure of the (ul(?
Who first (ointed out that the (ul( has l+$(h vessels?
What does tea contain that $akes it an effective he$ostatic a"ent for $inor leedin" after sur"er+?
What t+(e of colla"en is first for$ed in healin" tissues?
What was the (re;o(erative si/e of the lesion + which the Toronto stud+ deter$ined etter or worse healin" rates? 0ow does soakin" the root in fluoride efore re(lantation hel(? *s :TA inert or ioactive?
:ene/es 7,,&' tested the effectiveness of intracanal irri"ants @ $edica$ents on E. faecalis @ !. alicans. W hich did he find was the $ost effective? *n 1981 Pekruhn co$(ared (ost;o( (ain in 1 visit vs 7 visits3 what did he find?
Who stated that re$oval of all !a<0 was i$(ossile3 even with files @ irri"ants 7,,&'?
Whose classic article discussed usin" the uccal oect rule to identif+ eternal fro$ internal resor(tion?
>a$e reasons wh+ roots aren-t usuall+ resored.
Accordin" to Peters 7,,2' which see$s to e safer constant ta(erGvar+in" ti(s3 or var+in" ta(ersGvar+in" ti(s? 0ow do !A:s !ell Adhesion :olecules' (la+ a (art in (ul( tissue infla$$ation?
Accordin" to 0arrison @ Iut$ann3 how soon after PA
Dionne3 !oo(er @ )okken all rec (resur"ical thera(+ with
sur"er+ does one for$ation e"in?
what to dela+ onset @ su((ress the intensit+ of (ost sur"ical (ain?
*s Articaine3 $ore3 less or e=uall+ effective in causin" anesthesia when used as a lock eader 7,,&'? There were & $aor studies d one on the success rates of >!T in teeth wG @ wGo lesions :olven @ 0alse 1998 91% vs 68% >S7,4Q Akerlo$ @ 0assel"ren 1988 98% vs 67% >S6&Q o"ren 199, 96% vs 86% >S&41Q Fried$an 1992 9% vs 69% >S1&7. What did the+ all find? What are Tro(e-s 7 re=uire$ents for root resor(tion?
When :ene/es 7,,&' tested intracanal irri"ants @ $edica$ents a"ainst E. faecalis @ !. alicans3 what did he find was $ost i$(ortant? Accordin" to Philli(s @ Weller 1997'3 how far is on avera"e' the $ental fora$en in $$-s' fro$ the a(e of the 7nd (re;$olar? Descrie Tronstad-s classification for root resor(tion.
What effect do 7% !0O @ 2.72% >a
What are two (ri$ar+ co$(onents that $ake u( 0a(set?
what effect $i"ht the+ on ondin"Ga(ical :or"an @ :arshall rechave the use of which ur to seal? create the s$oothest surface of resected root end?
*n 7,,& Hvist did a !T on one visit vs two W T cultivale acteria still (resent after $edication wG *H* soak 1 visit' or !a<0 7 visit'. What did he find WT % of acteria? Which of the followin" is a non;dentin ondin" ce$ent !@# $etaond3 Panavia 713 Fui I*?
Which (roduces etter anesthetic3 fast inected *A>#3 or slow?
Aout how lon" can 0# or Mias(an kee( PD) cells on an avulsed tooth3 vital?
Who confir$ed the correlation of acteria @ infla$ resor(tion3 ut deter$ined that ank+losis can occur wGo acterial reaction? What is Kthe ratio of the dislod"in" force to the :TA;dentine contact surfaceL?
0ow does hu$idit+ affect the (ushout stren"th of :TA?
*n 1986 Pekruhn evaluated failure with 1 ste(s vs. $ultiste( retreat$ents. What did he find?
Accordin" to a recent stud+ + Ta+ @ Pashle+ C
Who 1st rec that (osts are no lon"er $andator+ for restorin" endo treated teeth 1998'?
0ow lon" does it take for "ranulation tissue to re(lace the firin clot in a dissectional wound?
0ow do u$ar"inal @ intrasulcular fla(s co$(are for healin"?
0ow lon" does calciu$ sulfate take to resor?
>a$e asorale he$ostatic a"ents.
Tro(e 1994' clai$ed that not onl+ did !a<0 hel( to eli$inate acteria3 ut it also did what?
*s sodiu$ h+(oro$ite $ore or less toic to hu$an osteolast cells than >a
As far as interfacial stren"ths are concerned3 is it etter to (lace a fier (ost i$$ediatel+ after oturation or to wait a week or so? *f a root shows resor(tion occurrin"3 how lon" should the !a<0 e left in for?
Which have hi"her risks for failure Te eth with (osts used as a PD aut$ents or teeth with (osts as FPD aut$ents?
Accordin" to #au$"artner @ Walton how $uch of a chan"e in W) is found when usin" rotar+ files when (re;flarin" is done first?
Nared3 7,,&3 found what factor was $ost si"nificant in file reaka"e?
*s there osteoclastic activit+ in the healin" of an osseous wound?
0ow do c+tokines T>F; α3 *);1 β3 *);63 TIF; β1' affect (ul( destruction?
0ow does colla"en cause he$ostasis durin" a(ical sur"er+?
0ow does Ielfoa$ work?
>a$e the 6 levels of Ellis !lassification of Trau$as.
Accordin" to i=uiera3 in what 7 wa+s does !a<0 work to destro+ acteria?
What effect does doin" a final rinse wG 92% eth+l alcohol have on a(ical leaka"e?
Accordin" to eeh 1989' + what %-s do a >!T3 a class 1 (re(3 and an :
0ow $uch tooth structure su(racrestal is needed for ade=uate iolo"ic width? Who showed 1987' that 4 da+s of s(lintin" didn-t cause an+ da$a"e on teeth3 ut that etended (eriods , da+s' induced root resor(tion @ ank+losis? Which of the followin" if an+' ne"ativel+ affected the ond stren"ths of :TA;dentin in vitro Nan3 et al. Ca
*n a 7,,6 E//ie3 et al. C
*s ur"icel safe for a(ical sur"er+?
Which is $ore effective as an antiacterial intracanal $edica$ent a thin or thick $i of !a<0?
For$ocresol is #uckle+-s for$ula in what dilution?
Who found 82% co$(lete healin" wGsE#A @ 5 at 2 +r F5 on 181 sur"er+ treated teeth?
Which candinavian stud+ on retreat success rates showed a 6% failure rate des(ite (ure (rostho indications; i.e. no PA)s' to e"in with? Does orthodontic $ove$ent (revent the (eria(ical healin" (rocess deou/a3 et al. C
What relativel+ rare infection in non;i$$unoco$(ri$ised individuals' can occur on the sinuses fro$ an overetension of sealer or other root canal fillin" $aterials? *n 7,,23 Peters concluded what kind of ta(er was the safest?
Peters 7,,' concluded that doin" what first3 (revented instru$ent fractures?
0ow lon" does it take to oserve osteolastic activit+ in an ecisional wound site?
What is the connection etween dentinal h+(ersensitivit+ @ the @ densit+ of tuules?
>a$e t+(es of (ossile wounds in sur"er+ as descried + 0arrison @ Curosk+ 1991 C
Who stated K#evelin" o(ens u( tuules @ therefore should e $ini$alL?
>a$e 7 authors who sa+ for$ocresol is safe.
Accordin" to Willerhausen3 et al C
Do rotar+ instru$ents re$ove $ore acteria?
0ow do onded co$(osites affect dentin h+(ersensitivit+?
At the a(ical ;2$$ what % of isth$uses did Hi$ 1992' @ Io$es 7,,' find?
P&M Who was the first to advocate the use of >a
SAD Allen 1989' showed sur"er+ with retreat to e etter than sur"er+ alone. What %-s did he find?
Who showed >a
*n 19993 Tro(e did a 1 vs 7 visit wG 1 week !a<0 intera((t' do" stud+3 what did he conclude?
What $ode of action does >a
*n 1999
Who stated a tissue reaction caused + >aa
!T 198'3 what did the+ find?
Who concluded that heat increased the tissue dissolvin" ca(ailities of >a
What rates have een seen wG intentional 199,3 success Iross$an 19873 #ender @ oss$an 199'?re(lantation Hoeni"
S&M
SAD
Iilhean+ 199&' studied the relationshi( twn evel an"le of root resection @ the re=uired de(th of the retro(re( to $ini$i/e leaka"e. At ,V3 ,V3 @ &2V evels3 what would the re=uired $ini$al retro(re( de(ths e? >a$e t+(es of resorale $e$ranes for IT.
Accordin" to )avstedt 1948'3 which teeth have the "reatest (revalence for AP?
>a$e 7 t+(es of non;resorale $e$ranes for IT.
Who (ro(osed the use of the PA* (eria(ical inde' scale for evaluatin" radio"ra(hic success?
Who did work in hesus $onke+s to deter$ine how the healin" of incisional fla(s3 dissectional wounds @ osseous ecisional wound occurs?
0ow $an+ different -s are there on the PA* scale? Which is the worst?
Descrie the healin" (rocess of dissectional wounds at da+s 13733&31&3 @ 78.
>a$e the 2 oectives of a >!T accordin" to the AAE =ualit+ assurance "uidelines.
Descrie the healin" (rocess of osseous ecisional wounds at da+s 1;3 &3 1&3 @ 78.
True or False. Prevalence of AP increases with a"e.
S&M What (ur(ose does citric acid serve in root end (re(s?
Who reco$$ended the use of the $ulti;(ur(ose ur to reduce shatterin" @ crackin" in root end (re(s? >a$e 2 advanta"es of :TA over sE#A or other root end fillin" $aterials'. Torainead 199 What is the reduction (ercenta"e in lood loss + usin" 12,k e(i vs 11,,k e(i? What is the i""est factor influencin" lood loss durin" sur"er+?
Accordin" to :esser 1984'3 what is the avera"e lood loss durin" sur"er+ @ what is it co$(arale to?
S&M For what reason did :orse 199,' su""est io(s+in" ever+thin" +ou take out durin" sur"er+?
*n 19983 Wei"er3 et al. did a $eta;anal+sis @ showed healin" rates in 1 vs 7 ste( wG !a<0. What did the+ find?
SAD Accordin" to a recentl+ (ulished stud+ + #au$"artner-s "rou( in !Ts was done + Do+le3 et al. & cate"ories were co$(ared uccess3 urvival wG no intervention'3 urvival wG intervention'3 @ Failure. What were the overall results? Accordin" to an stud+ + Cin3 )ee @ oh in Can 7,,6 C
*n 19473 Andreasen io(sied (reviousl+ sur"eri/ed teeth. 0e found different $odes of healin". What were the+?
SAD *n a stud+ on "er$an she(herd do"s fro$ 5! C
What su((osed (ur(ose would citric acid (la+ in a root end (re( durin" sur"er+?
*n 1997 Torainead did !T scans of 8 (atients @ found JJJJJ% had roots into the sinus.
*n 19973 who showed that after several +ears of success3 a$al"a$ retrofills could fail?
Which $aillar+ tooth is closest to the sinus?
What advanta"e of sE#A over a$al"a$' did <+nick @ <+nick 1948' de$onstrate? )ist 2 reasons for the use of sE#A.
S&M )ist & indications for root end resection Iut$ann *EC 199'
I&O What is a Ks$all fleile file that (assivel+ $oves throu"h the a(ical constriction without widenin" itL?
>a$e & reasons wh+ 5 are etter than rotar+ root end (re(arations.
>a$e & enefits of the alanced force techni=ue.
What are the $aor re=uire$ents for an ideal retro(re(?
Which ti( desi"n leads to the least trans(ortation @ led"in"?
Who was the 1 st to do an in vivo stud+ wG PM i$(ression $aterial on ultrasonicated root end (re(s?
Which contriutes $ore to cuttin" @ efficienc+ ti( desi"n or flute desi"n?
What level of water s(ra+ should e used for root end (re(s to $ini$i/e infractions?
Whose fa$ous =uote 1942' reiterated the i$(ortance of closin" a tooth K*f +ou file don-t close3 if +ou close don-t fileL?
Accordin" to Peters 7,,1'3towhich t+(e of ur dia$ond coated or stainless steel3 is etter with res(ect $icrocracks?
>a$e reasons stated + Walton 1946' for ta(erin" a canal.
I&O
I&O
Wh+ has oth-s 8,1 sealer een shown to have etter anti$icroial activit+ over other sealers?
Who stated that serial (re(arations were $ore effective than nonserial (re(arations in re$oval of tissue all levels?
Whose 7,,1 stud+ showed that after 8 weeks no oth-s 8,1 sealer sa$(les were co$(letel+ set?
*s there a difference in EA) readin"s for @ >iTi?
Which $ethod of sealer (lace$ent is $ost efficient file3 lentulos(iral3 5 files3 or $aster cone Wilco 1991'?
Who concluded it was oka+ to EA)s with (ace$aker (atients?
*n 19973 Tro(e found that teeth which were $ore difficult to retreat showed etter adhesion of the sealer. Which sealer did he find easiest to re$ove?
Accordin" to chindler3 which irri"ant causes a difference in len"th deter$ination with the EA)?
What is the difference etween A0 @ A0;76?
Does a(ical resor(tion affect the oot O?
*s there an+ difference in wed"in" forces + WM @!) :achtou 1998'?
)udlow 1999' @ *arola 1999 C
I&O 0ow far down should +ou down(ack to "et ada(tation of the IP at the a(e Weller 7,,,'? Accordin" to 0oen 1993 eader 1993 @ #roth$an 198,3 which techni=ue !) or WM' filled $ore lateral canals? What is the $a te$(erature chan"e on the eternal root surface fro$ (lace$ent of IP with <tura Iut$ann 1984'? 0a$ad3 et al. C
I&O >a$e advanta"es of >iTi files. *n 7,,73 Iulaivala co$(ared lar"e ta(erGs$all :AF files3 with s$all ta(erGlar"e :AF files @ found what? Accordin" to Peters3 how $uch of the tooth do we effectivel+ clean no $atter what techni=ue is used'? >a$e the 7 (hases of >iTi. *n a acterial leaka"e stud+ :ontellano3 et al. Ca$e 7 (ro(erties of >iTi instru$ents.
I&O
I&O
A direct contact test was used to evaluate the antiacterial (ro(erties of & te$(orar+ fillin" $aterials evoltek )!3 Te$(it3 +ste$( *nla+3 @ *:. Which was the $ost effective a"ainst E. faecalis?
Accordin" to a :a+ 7,,6 C
Which is $ore c+totoic esilon or E(i(han+?
When are >iTi files the weakest?
*n 7,,6 C
*n the :a+ 7,,6 CdNAI laser was successfull+ used for what co$$on endodontic (rocedure $eanin" statisticall+ etter success rates were achieved'?
oth? Which is anti$icroial esilon or IP? *n a co$(arison stud+ *sla$3 et al. C
When does (hase transition occur in >iTi instru$ents? aiTi i nstru$ents?
I&O 0ow do the $eltin" (oints of IP @ esilon co$(are?
What is the K:odulus of Elasticit+L?
P&M Accordin" to Henee3 et al. Caa
Accordin" to Ta+ @ Pashle+-s "rou( C!T?
*s the oidi/in" (ro(ert+ of >a
Does !a<0 adversel+ affect the sealin" ailit+ of esilon Wan"3 et al. C
What dru" is an e(i sustitute 12;2,% as effective' @ found in 17,k concentrations?
Accordin" to a (enetration stud+ in Canof7,,6 Cielsen @ #au$"artner3 which allows "reater the s(reader or esilon?
What is the $ai$u$ dose of e(i that can e used in cardiac (atients?
What is K!ohesive tren"thL?
I&O Tro(e-s "rou( C
P&M Where are the a$ides $etaoli/ed?
When the (0 decreases3 the a$ount of > for$ of anesthetic does what? What s(eed should ProFiles @ ProTa(ers e used at? Accordin" to a recent stud+ *=al3 et al. C
When the (Ha is decreased the a$ount of > for$ availale decreases or increases?
Who concluded that there are $anufacturer defects in A)) instru$ents?
Which for$ > or >0' of anesthetic diffuses across the $e$rane @ which one inds to the rece(tor site'?
What is the $ost si"nificant factor in d eter$inin" fati"ue resistance in files?
0ow @ where do )A work?
Wh+ would there e less da$a"e when rotatin" a file counter clock;wise?
What effect do >A*Ds have on )A failures?
P&M
P&M
Do 2.72% or .2% >a
Wh+ should outdated tetrac+clines e thrown awa+?
Wh+ does (retreatin" with lon" actin" anesthetic u(ivicaine' hel( to decrease (ost;o( dental (ain?
What can ha((en with adverse reactions to tetrac+clines?
Who concluded 1$l of 14% EDTA for 1 $in followed + $l of 2.72% >a
0ow is do+c+cline taken in?
Accordin" to eader C#' was $ost successful on all teeth ece(t 1 st $olars?
>a$e $acrolide As.
What is the avera"e duration of anesthetic for u(ivicaine wG 17,,k e(i?
Wh+ would a/ithro$+cin @ dirithro$+cin e safe in (atients takin" theo(h+illine3 di"oin3 Warfarin3 Tria/ola$3 Terfenadine3 or c+clos(orine3 ut er+thro$+cin wouldn-t e?
What is the avera"e duration of anesthetic for lidocaine wG 17,,k e(i?
>a$e situations in which vasoconstrictors are contraindicated.
P&M What As does Tro(e rec for his Ktri(le antiiotic (asteL?
P&M >a$e dru"s which $a+ have $inor interactions with vasoconstrictors.
aa
*n Fe 7,,6 Ca
Which is $ore efficient at otainin" (ul(al anesthesia3 a $and uccal infiltration wG 7% lido or one with &% articaine Hanaa3 et al. C
Gc it-s (resence enhances the adherence of E. faecalis to the dentin. What intracanal irri"ant is effective in reducin" the adherence of $icroor"anis$s? a
P&M
P&M
i"urdsson @ Tro(e found which wa+ of !a<0 (lace$ent to e est )entulos(iral3 H;File3 or *nection?
What a$ount of chlorofor$ did Ha$inski C
When !a<0 $ies with sealer what for$s?
Who concluded in 1999 <<<' that chlorofor$ can cause si"nificant softenin" of oth dentin @ ena$el3 even after 2 $inutes?
#+ what $ethod does !a<0 assist >a
Ceansonne 199&' found no difference in anti$icroial activit+ twn 7% !0O @ 2.72% >aa
Does !a<0 diffuse throu"h the PD) @ ce$entu$?
Does .17% !0O as an irri"ant affect the a(ical seal of oth-s ce$ent?
What is the (eak of (0 in the outer root dentin after 7 weeks !a<0'?
Which )A should e u sed in (atients with heart conditions for *< inections?
Who found !a<0 (owder alone took &9 da+s for (eak (0 chan"e vs 1& for a=ueous solution'?
What is the $ean increase in heart rate with *< inections?
P&M
P&M
Pacios $ied !a<0 wG !0O3 (ro(+lene "l+col3 anesthetic3 !:!P3 @ !:!P;PI @ found what?
What As are known to cause :ethe$o"loine$ia?
>a$e 7 authors who conclude !a<0 can effectivel+ e re$oved fro$ the canal?
What t+(es of (atients are at increased risk for :ethe$o"loine$ia?
*f a (atient can-t o(en wide enou"h to "ive an intraoral *A>#3 can +ou safel+ "ive an etraorall+?
When do s+$(to$s of :ethe$o"loine$ia usuall+ occur?
Accordin" to )oetsher @ :elton 1988'3 PA locks are how effective on $aillar+ 1st $olars?
>a$e & s+$(to$s of :ethe$o"loine$ia.
Who 1949' discussed reound effect on lood flow after inection with vasocontrictors?
Where does iotransfor$ation of a$ide )A occur?
What is another na$e for reound effect?
What does reduced he(atic function $ean for (atients receivin" )A?
P&M
P&M
>a$e & reasons for "ivin" A wG a flare;u(.
With what t+(e of anesthetic does $ali"nant h+(erther$ia occur?
Descrie effects of "lucocorticoids on infla$$ation.
What is the $ai$u$ lidocaine dose?
0ow $uch @ for how lon" do "lucocorticoids need to e ad$inistered efore seein" wides(read effects on $an+ or"an s+ste$s?
Which 7 )A are (re"nanc+ cate"or+ #?
*f "ivin" steroids via *: inection or *<3 what doses are a((ro(riate?
Wh+ do need to re(lace EDTA after short (eriods of ti$e for it to e effective?
*f "ivin" steroids orall+3 what doses are a((ro(riate?
What one $aor concern should +ou have with >a
0ow lon" does !0O-s sustantivit+ last?
What treat$ent is reco$$ended for >a
P&M
P&M What is >a
0ow does !:!P work? Which $edica$ent is effective as a va(or?
Accordin" to Na$ada 1983 what is the $ost effective $ethod for re$ovin" the s$ear la+er3 tissue3 @ (redentin3 @ increasin" anti;$icroial activit+?
0ow lon" is the anti$icroial action of !:!P?
What ha((ens to oth-s sealer if !a<0 is left in the canals when oth-s is used?
eader reco$$ends 7,,,' what $ethod of steroid deliver+ De(o;:edrol'
What is the est (roduct + which to re$ove !a<0?
for te$(orar+ relief of irreversile (ul(itis? Hauf$an 199&' su""ested usin" a PD) inection of what3 for (ain relief?
Wh+ do we use 2.72% >a
What is the (er$issile dose of chlorofor$?
>a$e sta"es of )A co$(lications.
Which t+(e of sensitivit+ reaction involves *"I co$(lees with co$(le$ent? P&M eview (rocedures for treatin" )A toicit+.
M&P Which t+(e of sensitivit+ reaction is dela+ed @ often a((ears aout &8 hours after infection?
Which )A is >
An autoi$$une reaction is what t+(e of sensitivit+ reaction?
0ow do vasoconstrictors work?
What *"-s are involved in a c+totoic sensitivit+ reaction?
Wh+ do vasoconstrictors interact with T !As?
What is the rate of re(arative dentin for$ation?
What t+(e of a$ine is e(i?
0ow soon after a restorative (rocedure does tertiar+ dentin for$ation e"in?
*s e(i (otentiated + :A<*-s? Wh+ or wh+ not?
Accordin" to #rannstro$ (ul(al chan"es occur earl+ in caries; even in inci(ient lesions. >a$e 7 chan"es that occur.
M&P What kind of acterial flora is found in acute ascesses?
M&P Torneck3 in stud+in" (ul( e(osures3 concluded which (art of the (ul( was the last affected?
Accordin" to #au$"artner 1946' how often does actere$ia occur?
Whose (a(er descried caries (ro"ression to the (ul(?
Accordin" to Tronstad3 how often does actere$ia occur?
Are $ast cells (resent in the (ul(?
Are antiodies co$$onl+ (resent in the (ul(? *n the infla$ed (ul(? Which one is $ost co$$on?
*n Torainead-s 199, stud+ on coronal leaka"e with acteria3 which t+(e of acteria $otile or non$otile' reconta$inated the oturated root canal s+ste$ faster?
What roles $i"ht neuro(e(tides (la+ in the (ul(? Neast likeWalti$o !. alicans' are $ore 1994'? likel+ to e found in what kinds of infections @ 0aa(asalo Accordin" to Hi$3 what are the 7 co$(onents in (ul(al infla$$ation?
*n 1982 #+stro$ concluded that E. faecalis was resistant to what intracanal $edica$ent?
M&P Who is known as the (eria(ical (la=ue researcher?
>a$e 7 authors who elieve acteria eist in PA lesions.
>a$e 7 authors who elieve >< acteria are in PA lesions.
Who clai$ed E. faecalis could survive 1, da+s in the tuules without nutrients? 0ow far are acteria into the tuules?
Are acteria (resent in trau$ati/ed teeth with intact crowns?
M&P What cells (roduce β;endor(hins @ so$atostatins? 0ow do (ul(al levels of β;endor(hins @ so$atostatins in e(osed (ul(s co$(are with levels in une(osed (ul(s? The for$ation of "ranulation tissue @ the activation of e(ithelial cell rests in chronic a(ical lesions $i"ht e associated with a local rise in the tissue level of what "rowth factor?
M&P What is the $aor difference in the survival factor of E. faecalis co$(ared to other or"anis$s? Who used P! of 16 rioso$es to identif+ Actino$+ces3 F. nucleatu$3 @ for the first ti$e #acteroides fors+thes in the infected hu$an (ul(? Descrie $ain thin"s that will allow anaeroic infection to occur.
Which acterial t+(e are $ost often associated with (urulent dischar"e fro$ the root canal s+ste$ or sinus tract? *f +ou instru$ent (ast the a(e3 what is the likel+ chance %' of causin" a actere$ia? Prevotella $elano"enicus @ Pe(tostre(tococcus are s(ecificall+ associated with what s+$(to$?
M&P P. ni"rescens is site s(ecific to where? Whose stud+ concluded that there were indeed acteria in PA lesions3 ut used a cotton roll to culture acteria3 which $a+ have caused conta$ination? Accordin" to Pisanti 196&'3 what is the source of calciu$ in a newl+ for$ed secondar+ dentin rid"e under a !a<0 ase?
What is the ori"in of i$$uno"loulins in dentin eneath caries 0ahn3 et al. C
Accordin" to Iolder" 198&3 what is the (h+sical a((earance of the dentin rid"e under !a<0 (ul( ca(s?
What t+(e of sensitivit+ reaction is ana(h+lais?
What is the (ri$ar+ one resorin" c+tokine in hu$an PA lesions?
Which *"-s are found in the "reatest =uantit+ in hu$an PA lesions? M&P Accordin" to Takehashi 1994' are there (roliferatin" (las$a cells in a PA lesion? Whose fa$ous PGE electin knockout $ice stud+ showed that (ha"oc+tic leukoc+tes P:>s or $acro(ha"es' (rotect a"ainst acterial induced one destruction? Wh+ would a (a(er (oint cause !AP when (ieces are left in the a(ical re"ion?
After which (rocedure do )ucke+3 et al C
Accordin" to #au$"artner 1991' are there (roliferatin" (las$a cells in PA lesions?
Eikenella corrodens @ Meillonella (arvula are nor$al inhaitants of the oral cavit+3 ut the+ are the+ found in endodontic infections ocas3 et al. C
Who (laced anti"ens in root canal s+ste$s of (reviousl+ sensiti/ed cats3
causin" a PA) to for$? Do (atients wG (ul(al or (eriradicular disease have increased circulatin" *"I-s or *":-s?
enhanced alkaline (0S4.8' conditioned $edias. What thin"s did the+ find that ledinthe$ to this conclusion?
M&P )ove3 in 7,,13 (ro(osed what $echanis$ of (atholo"+ for E. faecalis?
0aa(asalo 199' concluded that which 7 acteria were $ost related to acute s+$(to$s? What are the & $ost co$$on "ra$ ;' acteria found in !T related infections? What are the 7 $ost co$$on "ra$ ' acteria found in !T related infections? 0ow lon" should !a<0 e left in the canal to e effective a"ainst E. faecalis
M&P ite 7 authors who clai$ 0*M can e found in PA lesions or in the canal.
True or False. The si/e of the lesion correlates to the levels of 0M3 E#M3 or hu$an c+to$e"alovirus found in the lesions. 0oria descried situations which (roduce hi"her )P levels. >a$e the$.
What is the $ost i$(ortant ste( in the co$(li$ent cascade?
0ow is the classical (athwa+ activated?
0ow is the alternative (athwa+ activated?
M&P >a$e roles of the co$(li$ent cascade. What is the $ost fre=uentl+ found *" in a PA "ranulo$a? What is the order of $ost *"-s to least in a !AP lesion? *s there difference in the hu$oral res(onse i.e. *"-s (resent' in the PA lesion efore or after >!T? *n a acterial co$(arison count on ea$ination "loves3 did it $atter if it was "loves tested fro$ the e"innin" or end of the o?
