Question Bank Meteorology for ATPL

COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – METEOROLOGY (Typical Questions)

METEOROLOGY TYPICAL QUESTIONS

JANUARY 2004

TYPICAL QUESTIONS - METEOROLOGY

PAGE 1 of of 102

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1.

Minute traces of the atmosphere have been found up to: a) b) c)

2.

The atmosphere consists of the following gasses and their percentages by volume are as follows: a) b) c)

3.

+ 56° A – 24° F – 70° F

In the lower layers of the troposphere, atmospheric pressure decreases with an increase in altitude, at a rate of 1 HPa every: a) b) c)

7.

Troposphere Stratosphere Ionosphere

In the troposphere temperature decreases with an increase in altitude up to a height of 36 090 ft. Thereafter the temperature remains constant at: a) b) c)

6.

52 000 ft above the polar regions 35 000 ft above the tropical regions. 26 000 ft above the polar regions.

Large scale horizontal and vertical movement of air masses is a characteristic of the: a) b) c)

5.

Nitrogen 79% Oxygen 20% and Argon 1% Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% and Argon 1% Nitrogen 80% Oxygen 19% and Argon 1%

The troposphere extends to about: a) b) c)

4.

800 km above the earths surface 500 km above the earths surface 200 km above the earths surface

1.98 ft. 27.20 ft. 47.06 ft.

The stratosphere is found: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Between the stratopause and mesosphere Above the tropopause to an average height of 98 000 ft Above the troposphere with an upper limit in the ozone layer


PAGE 2 of of 102



1.

Minute traces of the atmosphere have been found up to: a) b) c)

2.

The atmosphere consists of the following gasses and their percentages by volume are as follows: a) b) c)

3.

+ 56° A – 24° F – 70° F

In the lower layers of the troposphere, atmospheric pressure decreases with an increase in altitude, at a rate of 1 HPa every: a) b) c)

7.

Troposphere Stratosphere Ionosphere

In the troposphere temperature decreases with an increase in altitude up to a height of 36 090 ft. Thereafter the temperature remains constant at: a) b) c)

6.

52 000 ft above the polar regions 35 000 ft above the tropical regions. 26 000 ft above the polar regions.

Large scale horizontal and vertical movement of air masses is a characteristic of the: a) b) c)

5.

Nitrogen 79% Oxygen 20% and Argon 1% Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% and Argon 1% Nitrogen 80% Oxygen 19% and Argon 1%

The troposphere extends to about: a) b) c)

4.

800 km above the earths surface 500 km above the earths surface 200 km above the earths surface

1.98 ft. 27.20 ft. 47.06 ft.

The stratosphere is found: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Between the stratopause and mesosphere Above the tropopause to an average height of 98 000 ft Above the troposphere with an upper limit in the ozone layer


PAGE 2 of of 102



8.

Which of the following statements regarding the stratosphere is false? a) b) c)

9.

Ozone is formed by the absorption of: a) b) c)

10.

Pressure Temperature Humidity

QNE relates to: a) b) c)

15.

9.8 m/s 9.8 m/s² 9.8 m/s³

The atmosphere is divided into layers according to: a) b) c)

14.

1.225 g/m³ 122.5 g/m³ 1225 g/m³

I.S.A. states that at sea level the gravity is: a) b) c)

13.

98 000 ft 162 000 ft 262 000 ft

I.S.A. states that at sea level the air density is: a) b) c)

12.

Intense solar radiation Long wave terrestrial radiation Short wave terrestrial radiation

The mesosphere extends up to a height of about: a) b) c)

11.

The stratosphere is free of clear air turbulence Air in the stratosphere is very dry Horizontal movement of air is a common phenomenon

Pressure altitude Density altitude True altitude

An atmospheric pressure of 1024 HPa is equal to: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

30.23 inches 34.67 inches 40.67 inches


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16.

An atmospheric pressure of 29.88 inches is equal to: a) b) c)

17.

Under standard conditions a layer of 1 HPa equals approximately 14 meters at: a) b) c)

18.

1870 ft 2290 ft 2080 ft

You are flying at flight level 85, the QNH is 1023 hPa. The radio altimeter reads 1850 feet. What is the elevation of the land over over which you are flying? a) b) c)

22.

QFE QNH QNE

An aircraft is flying at flight level 70. What actual terrain clearance would the aircraft have when passing over high ground 4920 ft above mean sea level when the QNH is 1006.25 hPa? a) b) c)

21.

Psycrometer Barometer Hygrometer

What setting must be applied for the altimeter to indicate pressure altitude and the aircraft to fly at flight levels? a) b) c)

20.

40 000 ft 30 000 ft 20 000 ft

Pressure is measured with a: a) b) c)

19.

882 HPa 1012 HPa 988 HPa

6350 ft 2150 ft 6945 ft

An aircraft departs from FACT (elevation 150 feet) with QNH 1016 HPa set. What is the true height above the airfield when the aircraft arrives at FAPE (elevation 225 feet) at 1000 ft indicated altitude? altitude? QFE FAPE 1005.5 hPa. a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

460 ft 685 ft 865 ft


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23.

The QFE at FAJS is 844 HPa. The elevation is 5500 feet. What is the QNH? a) b) c)

24.

An aircraft on the ground has QNE set. The altimeter indicates 1800 feet. The local QNH is 1002 1002 HPa. What is the airfield elevation? a) b) c)

25.

The indication of a barometer The weight of a column of air over a given area W = mg and P1V1 = P2V2

An isobar is a line joining places of equal: a) b) c)

30.

150 feet higher 150 feet lower 50 feet lower

Air pressure is: a) b) c)

29.

Pressure altitude at airfield elevation True altitude at field elevation Density altitude at field elevation

When the QNH setting is changed from 1019 1019 HPa to 1014 HPa the approximate change in indication will be: a) b) c)

28.

863 HPa. 879 HPa. 1013 HPa.

When QNH is set on the subscale of the pressure altimeter, the altimeter indicates: a) b) c)

27.

1811 ft. 2300 ft. 1465 ft.

The elevation at FALA is 4517 feet. The QNH is 1030 HPa. What is the QFE? a) b) c)

26.

1027 HPa 830 HPa 661 HPa

Temperature Density Pressure

True altitude and pressure altitude will be the same when: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

The outside air temperature is standard for that altitude The atmospheric pressure is 1013.25 HPa. When the air is dry and stable


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31.

When an altimeter indicates a higher flight level than actually flown, the following condition is likely: a) b) c)

32.

When the subscale of an altimeter is set set from 29.35 inches to 30.06 inches the approximate change in indication will be: a) b) c)

33.

Chinook winds on mountain slopes A stable layer of air An unstable layer of air

A temperature inversion will form only: a) b) c)

37.

Secondary depression Saddleback Shallow anti-cyclone

What feature is associated with a temperature inversion? a) b) c)

36.

203 feet higher 6 feet higher 6 feet lower

An area of indeterminable weather with light and variable winds can be expected in a: a) b) c)

35.

721,3 feet higher 21 feet higher 6 feet higher

When the subscale subscale of the altimeter is set set from 29.92” to 30.12”, 30.12”, what what is the approximate change in indication? a) b) c)

34.

When flying from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure. When flying from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. When the air temperature is warmer than standard

In stable air In unstable air When a stratiform layer merges with cumuliform mass

The earth’s weather changes are primarily due to: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Movement of air masses Pressure variations over the earth’s surface Variations of solar energy received at the surface of the earth.


PAGE 6 of of 102



38.

If the actual temperature at 11 000 feet is -14°C, what is the ISA deviation (assume NALR 2°C/1000 feet). a) b) c)

39.

The most frequent type of surface temperature inversion is that produced by: a) b) c)

40.

+4°C -5°C -7°C

Land warms up faster than water because: a) b) c)

44.

Warm air being lifted rapidly aloft by mountainous area Ground radiation on clear, cold nights when the wind is light. Widespread sinking of air within a thick layer aloft resulting in heating by compression

If the actual temperature at 13 000 feet is -16°C, what is the I.S.A. deviation (assume 2°/1000 feet)? a) b) c)

43.

Directly from the sun via short wave radiation From the earth via long wave radiation From the sun via long wave radiation

A common type of ground inversion is produced by: a) b) c)

42.

Advection of colder air under warmer air Advection of warm air over cold air Terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night

The atmosphere receives its heat: a) b) c)

41.

+1°C -8°C -7°C

There is more insulation over land than over water The same amount of energy has to heat op a lot more The change of state from solid to liquid

An aircraft is flying at FL290 where the OAT is -34°C. The I.S.A. deviation is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

+16°F +49°F +9°F


PAGE 7 of 102

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45.

The process involving the transfer of heat from one body to another in contact with it is called: a) b) c)

46.

The surface temperature of oceans has a diurnal range of: a) b) c)

47.

80°F -16°F 9°F

86°F is equal to: a) b) c)

52.

15°A 288°A 258°A

300°A is equal to: a) b) c)

51.

Negative Shallow Steep

15°C is equal to: a) b) c)

50.

An isothermal layer An inversion layer A positive ELR

Temperature decreases at 1.5°C per 1000 feet of ascent. The ELR is said to be: a) b) c)

49.

2°C to 5°C 0.2°C to 0.5°C 10°C to 25°C

When the temperature remains constant with an increase in height it is called: a) b) c)

48.

Convection Conduction Convergence

30°C 187°C 359°C

The temperature at 40 000 feet should be: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

330°A -217°A -85°F


PAGE 8 of 102



53.

At the same pressure and temperature the density of moist air will be: a) b) c)

54.

An aircraft operating on a constant flight level flies towards an area of increasing pressure and decreasing temperature. The density altitude will: a) b) c)

55.

When 1013.25 HPa is set on the subscale When the temperature for the level under consideration is standard When the true altitude equals the density altitude

Pressure altitude is 12 000 feet. True temperature is 5°C. What is the density altitude? a) b) c)

59.

18 450 feet 20 010 feet 17 440 feet

Under what condition will pressure altitude and density altitude be the same? a) b) c)

58.

The air density will decrease and the density altitude will increase Both the air density and the density altitude will increase The air density will increase and the density altitude will decrease

An aircraft is flying at FL180 where the COAT is -8°C. The QNH is 1028 HPa. The actual altitude of the aircraft is: a) b) c)

57.

Increase because the ambient air pressure is increasing Decrease because the air temperature is decreasing May increase or decrease depending on the percentage change in pressure versus the percentage change in temperature

If the temperature of an airmass increases and the pressure remains constant: a) b) c)

56.

More than the density of dry air Less than the density of dry air The same as the density of dry air

13 700 feet 12 600 feet 10 300 feet

Density altitude is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Used to calibrate the I.S.A. altimeter Pressure altitude corrected for temperature The indicated altitude when QNH is set


PAGE 9 of 102



60.

An aircraft is flying at 5000 feet indicated altitude with QNH 1022 HPa set, outside temperature is 15°C. What is the density altitude? a) b) c)

61.

With QNH 1030 HPa set, the altitude indicated on the altimeter is 6500 feet. OAT is +9°C. What is the density altitude? a) b) c)

62.

The temperature to which the air must be cooled to become saturated The temperature at which dew will always form The spread between actual temperature and the temperature during evaporation

Which of the following conditions will result in the formation of frost? a) b) c)

65.

Height Measure for aircraft performance Difference between true altitude and pressure altitude

What is meant by the term dew point? a) b) c)

64.

7950 feet 7330 feet 6700 feet

Density altitude is a: a) b) c)

63.


When dew forms and the temperature is below freezing The temperature of the collecting surface is below the dew point of surrounding air and the dewpoint is below freezing Small drops of moisture falling on the collecting surface when the surrounding air temperature is at or below freezing

Which of the following is correct? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Sublimation is the process of water changing to vapour The process of ice turning to vapour is called evaporation Evaporation is the process where liquid water in contact with unsaturated air is absorbed by the air.


PAGE 10 of 102



66.

Which of the following statements are correct? 1 2 3 4 a) b) c)

67.

DALR SALR ELR

In cold air, what will the approximate SALR temperature be? a) b) c)

72.

The temperature, dew point spread can be used to determine the cloud base Relative humidity is the ratio of air to water Vapour pressure is high when the relative humidity is low

Which of the following lapse rates is not adiabatic? a) b) c)

71.

Water vapour is present in the atmosphere When the dew point and temperature are equal The air is stable


70.

Absolute humidity Vapour pressure Relative humidity Mixing ratio

Cloud mist or dew will always form when: a) b) c)

69.

1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 4

The amount of water vapour the air is holding x 100 ÷ the amount of water vapour the air can hold. This is the equation for: a) b) c) d)

68.

Vapour to ice is called deposition During evaporation heat is given out Solid to vapour is called melting During condensation heat is released

2.5°/1000’ 1.5°/1000’ 1.0°/1000’

The ELR is 1.0°/1000’; the atmosphere condition is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Stable Unstable Conditionally unstable


PAGE 11 of 102



73.

From which measurement of atmosphere can stability be determined? a) b) c)

74.

Unsaturated air flowing upslope will cool at a rate of about: a) b) c)

75.

ELR SALR DALR

If the ELR temperature lies between the SALR and the DALR temperatures, the atmospheric condition is likely to be: a) b) c)

79.

± 4000’ ± 5000’ ± 8000’

Which is not a variable? a) b) c)

78.

Ambient lapse rate Atmospheric pressure Difference between standard temperature and surface temperature

At what height AGL would you expect to find cloud developing if the following conditions prevail? Surface temp. +24°C; ELR 2.5°C/1000’; Dew Point 12°C; SALR 1.5°C/1000’ a) b) c)

77.

3°C per 1000 ft 2°C per 1000 ft 2.5° per 1000 ft

Stability can be determined from which measurement of the atmosphere? a) b) c)

76.

Surface temperature The dry adiabatic lapse rate The ambient lapse rate

Stable Unstable Conditionally unstable


JANUARY 2004

For unstable air the ELR must be steeper than the SALR and the DALR For stable air the ELR must be steeper than the SALR and the DALR For conditionally unstable air the ELR must be steeper than the SALR and DALR


PAGE 12 of 102



80.

During the adiabatic process the following changes: a) b) c)

81.

Temperature changes due to the adiabatic process, mainly because of: a) b) c)

82.

Specific heat Vapour Absorption Latent heat

In a surface depression the air is generally tending to: a) b) c)

87.

A PIREP is a report made by a pilot the day after the flight An anemometer is used to measure humidity The sunshine recorder is a glass ball which focuses the suns rays and burns a hole through paper

The difference in temperature between the SALR and the DALR is caused by: a) b) c)

86.

Conditionally unstable Stable Unstable


85.

3°C/1000’ 2°C/1000’ 1.5°C/1000’

If the SALR is 1.7°C/1000 feet and the ELR is 1.6°C/1000 feet, then the air mass is likely to be: a) b) c)

84.

Pressure Moisture Insulation

Which of the following environmental lapse rate is most likely to lead to instability? a) b) c)

83.

Temperature, pressure and volume Temperature, pressure and absolute humidity Pressure, volume and absolute humidity

Settle towards the surface Rise Advect

Pressure belts migrate north and south because of: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

The rotation of the earth The distribution of land and sea masses The earths orbit round the sun


PAGE 13 of 102



88.

Day and night occurs because of: a) b) c)

89.

In a low pressure system (southern hemisphere) the winds at 5000’ are 270°. The expected surface wind would be: a) b) c)

90.

The ITCZ The thermal equator Upper air moving polewards

Jet-streams are usually more predominant in the: a) b) c)

94.

Cyclostrophic Pressure gradient Coriolis

The easterly winds 15° N/S of the equator are a result primarily to: a) b) c)

93.

Increase Decrease Stay the same

Which force, in the southern hemisphere, acts 90° to the wind and deflects it to the left until parallel to the isobars? a) b) c)

92.

270° 300° 240°

You are flying at an indicated height of 2000’ in the southern hemisphere. Your track is 220° and the wind is 300/25. If you maintain the indicated height and the wind remains the same, your true height will: a) b) c)

91.

The earth’s orbit round the sun The rotation of the earth The rotation axis of the earth is at an angle

Polar regions Equatorial regions Mid-latitudes

During a Chinook wind the air on the leeward side of the mountain is warmer because of: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

SALR A steep DALR Moisture being lost on the windward side.


PAGE 14 of 102



95.

Coriolis force is greatest at: a) b) c) d)

96.

A berg wind is blowing from the interior to the coast. The escarpment is 4500’ high and the temperature on the escarpment is 16.5°C. What is the temperature at sea level? a) b) c) d)

97.

Sea breeze Katabatic wind Berg wind

In the Southern Hemisphere, when the winds at 5000 ft above mean sea level are north-easterly most of the surface winds are easterly. This difference in direction is primarily due to: a) b) c)

100.

Katabatic wind Anabatic wind Föhn wind

A monsoon is a giant: a) b) c)

99.

29.0°C 30.0°C 30.5°C 31.0°C

The Bora is an example of a: a) b) c)

98.

The poles The mid latitudes The equator 10° N/S of the equator

A stronger pressure gradient at high altitudes Stronger Coriolis force at the surface Friction between the wind and the surface

During the South African summer, the I.T.C.Z.: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Moves further north of the Equator, following the region of maximum solar intensity Moves further south of the Equator, following the region of maximum solar intensity Remains at, or near, the Equator due to maximum solar intensity, regardless of the season


PAGE 15 of 102



101.

What causes surface winds to flow across the isobars at an angle rather than parallel to the isobars? a) b) c)

102.

Anabatic winds are formed when: a) b) c)

103.

Centrifugal force and geostrophic wind Coriolis force and pressure gradient force Surface friction and pressure gradient force

The Monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean are: a) b) c)

107.

The seabreeze occurs during the night The seabreeze blows from the land to the sea The seabreeze generally effects a strip of 10 to 15 nautical miles either side of the coastline

A gradient wind is a result of: a) b) c)

106.

Jet streams Cb clouds Cold fronts

Which of the following statements regarding the seabreeze is true? a) b) c)

105.

Air in contact with the ground is cooled and flows downhill The wind is accelerated by orographic funnel effect Air in contact with the surface is heated and therefore ascends the mountain slopes

Clear Air Turbulence is frequently associated with: a) b) c)

104.

Coriolis force Surface friction Greater air density at the surface

South Easterly at all times of the year South Westerly in June North Easterly in June

While on final approach the wind sheers from a crosswind to a headwind. This will cause: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

The indicated airspeed to increase momentarily and the aircraft’s glide path to steepen The indicated airspeed to decrease momentarily and the aircraft’s glide angle to decrease The indicated airspeed to decrease momentarily and the aircraft’s glide to steepen


PAGE 16 of 102



108.

What are some of the characteristics of unstable air? a) b) c)

109.

The characteristics if stable air is: a) b) c)

110.

Poor visibility Turbulent conditions Shower type precipitation

An air mass is moving slowly over a high plateau in winter and the pressure is high. The relative humidity will: a) b) c)

115.

Poor visibility Turbulent conditions Stratus type clouds

A property of a warm air mass is: a) b) c)

114.

Stability Smooth flying conditions above the friction layer Good visibility

A property of a cold air mass is: a) b) c)

113.

Stratus type cloud Thunderstorms and showers A temperature inversion

A general characteristic of a cold airmass is: a) b) c)

112.

Poor visibility and steady precipitation from stratus type cloud Poor visibility and intermittent rain from cumuliform type cloud Good visibility and steady precipitation from cumuliform type cloud

Moist stable air flowing upslope may be expected to produce: a) b) c)

111.

Turbulence and good surface visibility Nimbostratus cloud and poor surface visibility Nimbostratus cloud and good surface visibility

Increase Decrease Remain unchanged

The general characteristics of unstable air are:

a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Good visibility, showery precipitation and cumuliform type cloud Good visibility, steady precipitation and stratiform type cloud Poor visibility, intermittent precipitation and cumuliform type cloud


PAGE 17 of 102



116.

Which are the characteristics of a cold air mass moving over a warm surface? a) b) c)

117.

A cold air mass moving over a warm land mass will: a) b) c)

118.

PWM TKE TWM

Which of the following will not affect the modification of an airmass during its passage from the source region? a) b) c)

123.

TKC PWC TWM

An SALR of 1.1°C/1000’ is likely in which of the following airmasses? a) b) c)

122.

Unlimited visibility High ELR Stratiform cloud

A parcel of air at sea level has the following temperature/dew point relationship 26/23. What airmass is the air most likely to be part of? a) b) c)

121.

Stratus layer type cloud Convective turbulence due to surface heating Fog, or mist

Which is a characteristic of stable air? a) b) c)

120.

Become stable Become unstable Will cause poor surface visibility

Which weather conditions can be expected when moist air flows from a relatively warm surface to a colder surface? a) b) c)

119.

Cumuliform clouds, turbulence and good visibility Stratiform cloud, smooth air and poor visibility Cumuliform cloud, turbulence and poor visibility

Longitude Speed Day/night variations in temperature

Land and sea breezes will develop when: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Anabatic conditions exist Katabatic conditions exist The gradient wind conditions are suitable TYPICAL QUESTIONS - METEOROLOGY

PAGE 18 of 102



124.

Wind speed and direction received from the meteorological office are usually given in: a) b) c)

125.

If the surface wind direction is 220°, what do you expect the upper wind direction to be at 3000 feet? a) b) c)

126.

Over the Cape Peninsula Along the West Coast Over the northern parts of the RSA

On which side of contrasting air masses lies the jetstream? a) b) c)

131.

Heavy rain just east of the low Normally fine and stable weather Thunderstorms to the west of the low

Where over the RSA can we expect the “Easterly wind wave”? a) b) c)

130.

A Monsoon type of wind When the winds are due westerly Easterly wind wave

What weather is normally associated with upper “cut-off low”? a) b) c)

129.

Northerly winds Westerly winds Southerly winds

What is “Zonal” upper air wind? a) b) c)

128.

± 180° ± 220° ± 240°

What type of upper winds is dominant over the RSA? a) b) c)

127.

Knots and degrees from true north Knots and degrees from magnetic north Miles per hour and degrees from true north

In the cold air Halfway between the cold and warm air In the warm air

With reference to jet-streams, CAT is usually found: a) b) c) d)

JANUARY 2004

Approximately 1000’ above the tropopause Approximately 1000’ below the tropopause In a layer extending 2000’ above 6000’ and below the tropopause None of the above TYPICAL QUESTIONS - METEOROLOGY

PAGE 19 of 102



132.

What type of cloud is most likely to form under conditions of stable moist air? a) b) c)

133.

The four groups of cloud types are: a) b) c)

134.

Stable moist air forced to rise orographically Unstable moist air forced to rise orographically Unstable dry air forced to rise orographically

With which type of cloud would you expect strong turbulence? a) b) c)

138.

The stability of the air before it is forced to rise The method by which the air is forced to rise The amount of humidity present after lifting occurs

Cumuliform type cloud associated with good visibility, rain showers and possible clear ice formation is likely to result from: a) b) c)

137.

The method by which the air is lifted The stability of the air before lifting occurs The SALR temperature

The structure and formation of different cloud types which form as a result of air that is forced to rise depends upon: a) b) c)

136.

Clouds formed by: Thermal uplift, orographic uplift, convective uplift and frontal uplift. High, middle and low cloud and those formed by extensive vertical development. Stratus type, nimulus type, cumulus cirrus

What determines the type of cloud (structure) which is a result of air being forced to ascend? a) b) c)

135.

Fair weather cumulus cloud Stratiform cloud Cumuliform type cloud

Nimbostratus Cumulonimbus Cumulus castellanus

The type of cloud expected to form when unstable moist air is forced to rise over a mountain is most likely to be: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Stratified clouds with intermittent showers Layer type cloud with little vertical development Vertical development type cloud


PAGE 20 of 102



139.

Which family of clouds is least likely to contribute to structural icing on an aircraft? a) b) c) d)

140.

Convective clouds are most dangerous from the icing point of view because: a) b) c)

141.

Convective cloud Convergent cloud Frontal cloud

Which instrument is used to determine the height of cloudbase? a) b) c)

145.

Jet streams Heavy icing conditions Strong turbulence

Cloud formation at small closed lows is an example of: a) b) c)

144.

A type of Asiatic fog Precipitation from a cloud not reaching the ground A sea breeze experienced in Portugal

Lenticular altocumulus standing clouds are likely to indicate: a) b) c)

143.

Convective clouds indicate a lower freezing level The strong vertical currents mean that a predominance of small supercooled water droplets will be present The strong vertical currents mean that a predominance of large supercooled water droplets will be present

With regard to meteorology, virga is: a) b) c)

142.

Middle clouds High clouds Clouds with extensive vertical development Low clouds

The ceilometer The transmissometer The anemometer

At approximately what altitude above the surface would you expect to base of cumuliform clouds if the surface temperature is 28°C and dew point is 13°C? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

5000 ft 6000 ft 8000 ft


PAGE 21 of 102



146.

What type of cloud will be formed, if very stable moist air is forced upslope? a) b) c)

147.

The suffix Nimbus, used in naming clouds, means: a) b) c)

148.

Table Mountain table cloth Upslope Fog Col areas


152.

Turbulence Radiation Convection

Which of the following is not an example of orographic lifting? a) b) c)

151.

An inversion An unstable layer Turbulence

Select the incorrect answer. Cloud formation by adiabatic cooling due to lifting can be caused by: a) b) c)

150.

Cloud with extensive vertical development Raincloud Dark massive, towering cloud

Standing lenticular clouds in mountainous areas indicate: a) b) c)

149.

First stratified clouds, then vertical clouds First vertical clouds, then stratified clouds Stratified clouds with little vertical development

The ITCZ is at approximately the 30° latitude The tropical travelling depression contains frontal weather Convergency uplifting is normally found in a col.

If a parcel of air at sea level has the following temperature / dewpoint relationship 26/23, at what height do you expect to find the cloudbase? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

2000’ 1500’ 1000’


PAGE 22 of 102



153.

Which of the following are correct? In order to dissipate cloud 1 2 3 4 5 6 a) b) c)

154.

4000’ 5000’ 6000’

A strong wind is forming turbulence stratocumulus cloud with a base of 2000 ft above ground. The surface temperature is +7°C. What is the height of the freezing level above the ground to the nearest 100 ft? a) b) c)

158.

Cb Ci St Cb St Sc

At what height AGL would you expect the base of cumuliform type clouds if the surface temperature is 24°C and the dew point is 12°C? a) b) c)

157.

3500’ 1500’ 4000’

If the SALR = ELR, what type of clouds are most likely to form? a) b) c)

156.

1, 3, 6 2, 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 6

At sea level the temperature is 26°C; dew point temperature is 23°C. Assume ELR = 2°/1000’ and SALR = 1.5°C/1000’. At what height do you expect to find neutral stability? a) b) c)

155.

The temperature must decrease to below the dew point Relative humidity must decrease to below 100 % Dry air must replace moist air (advection) Precipitation will assist Contact heating will have no effect Subsiding air will assist

2000 ft 2700 ft 3700 ft

The turbulence in stratocumulus clouds can be expected to be: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Slight Moderate Severe


PAGE 23 of 102



159.

The following is a requirement for the formation of turbulent cloud: a) b) c)

160.

Conditions most favourable for the formation of radiation fog are: a) b) c)

161.

b) c)

Level inland areas Coastal areas Mountain valleys

In which situation is advection fog most likely to form? a) b) c)

166.

Moist air moving over colder ground to water A light breeze blowing colder air out to sea A land breeze blowing a cold airmass over a warm ocean current

In what localities is advection fog likely? a) b) c)

165.

Moist air moving over colder ground or water Warm, moist settling over a cool surface under no wind conditions A land breeze blowing a cold air mass over a warm water current

Under which conditions does advection fog usually form? a) b) c)

164.

Clear skies, 5 to 10 knots wind, small temperature/dew point spread and over a land surface Cloudy skies, light winds, large temperature/dew point spread and over a land surface Moist air moving over a cold ground or water surface

Under which condition does advection fog usually form? a) b) c)

163.

Cold air moving over a warm surface at night Warm, moist air moving over a cold surface Warm, moist air over low flat land areas on clear nights with a light breeze

Which conditions favour the formation of radiation fog? a)

162.

Unstable lapse rate above the turbulent layer Very strong winds near the ground Light winds between 2 kts and 4 kts

A warm, moist airmass on the windward side of mountains An airmass moving inland from the coast in winter Warm moist air settling over a warmer surface under no-wind conditions

What types of fog depend upon a wind in order to exist? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Advection and upslope fog Steam and downslope fog Tropical air fog


PAGE 24 of 102



167.

Which type of fog persists with stronger winds? a) b) c)

168.

At times, fog is prevalent in industrial areas because of: a) b) c)

169.

In mist the visibility is less than 1 km Radiation fog occurs after horizontal transfer of heat If the wind speed is greater than 10 kts, radiation fog will dissipate and change into Fs, St or Sc

Radiation fog is most likely: a) b) c)

174.

Sea fog and advection fog are the same thing During valley fog an anabatic wind blows The Stephenson screen measures mainly pressure


173.

Fog – visibility more than 1000 m Mist – visibility more than 1000 m None of the above


172.

When the air over the surface is much warmer than the surface itself In the Polar Regions As a thin layer on a water surface

Choose the correct statement: a) b) c)

171.

An abundance of condensation nuclei from combustion products Increased temperatures due to industrial heating A high concentration of steam from industrial plants

Steam fog occurs mainly: a) b) c)

170.

Valley fog Upslope fog Radiation fog

Over high ground With cloudy skies On a clear night

The type of fog most common over water areas is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Radiation fog Upslope fog Advection fog


PAGE 25 of 102



175.

In regard to the depth of fog: a) b) c)

176.

Which of the following statements are correct? a) b) c)

177.

Descending to a lower level Climbing to a higher level Looking into the direction of the sun

What is an operational consideration if you fly into rain which freezes on impact? a) b) c)

182.

No difference (two terms describing the same thing) No difference (RVR is just an old term) No difference except that RVR is measured in a specific direction

When poor visibility is due to a layer of mist near the surface, it is possible to see a greater area of the surface by: a) b) c)

181.

10 km 5 km 1.5 km

What is the difference between RVR and visibility? a) b) c)

180.

2000 m 1500 m 1000 m

RVR will only be reported at an aerodrome if the meteorological visibility is less than: a) b) c)

179.

Tropical air fog is often found over the sea Frontal fog is common with very rapidly moving cold fronts Valley fog is also known as downslope radiation fog

RVR is assessed when visibility falls below: a) b) c)

178.

Radiation fog is likely to be the deepest The depth of fog has no relation to its type Advection fog is likely to be deeper than radiation fog

You have flown into an area of thunderstorms You have flown through a cold front Temperatures are above freezing at some higher altitude

The growth of cloud droplets are explained in the following two theories: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

The convergence and ice particle theory The ice particle and coalescence theory The condensation and ice particle theory


PAGE 26 of 102



183.

The maximum size of a raindrop is 5.5 mm because: a) b) c)

184.

Which of the following statements regarding precipitation is correct? a) b) c)

185.

Convergence is the forcing up of air when two airmasses converge Conduction is the transfer of heat by radiation During radiation advection takes place

Which one of the following is correct? a) b) c)

190.

Thunderstorms are in the area There is freezing rain at higher altitudes High altitude cold front


189.

There are thunderstorms present A cold front has passed There is freezing rain at higher altitudes

If you encounter ice pellets at 8000 ft it would indicate: a) b) c)

188.

Hail Snow Rain

Ice pellets at the surface is evidence that: a) b) c)

187.

Rain that freezes in stratiform clouds forms snow From an aviation point of view snow produces severe airframe icing Drizzle is tiny water droplets and their individual impact on a water surface cannot be seen

The poorest visibility can be expected in: a) b) c)

186.

It disintegrates if it gets any bigger Larger droplets are classified as showers To grow any larger additional condensation nuclei is required

Thermals always form clouds A thermal can normally be found under a stratus cloud A cold air mass, together with conditional instability and warm land would cause a convective up current

Frontal waves normally form on: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Slow moving cold fronts or stationary fronts Slow moving warm fronts and strong occluded fronts Rapidly moving cold or warm fronts


PAGE 27 of 102



191.

Which weather phenomenon is always associated with the passage of a frontal system? a) b) c) d)

192.

Fronts are a feature of the weather of: a) b) c) d)

193.

Ahead of the warm front Ahead of the cold front Behind the cold front

After the passage of a cold front at Cape Town the wind veers to NW, this probably indicates: a) b) c)

197.

The doldrums The I.T.C.Z. The polar front

In a temperature depression the isobars are straight: a) b) c)

196.

South-east trades Arctic front Polar front Sub-tropical high pressure zone

Depressions in temperate areas tend to form along the line of: a) b) c)

195.

Polar regions Tropical regions Temperate regions Sub-tropical regions

Fronts are formed in the: a) b) c) d)

194.

A wind change An abrupt decrease in pressure Clouds, either ahead or behind the front An abrupt temperature decrease

The bad weather is over A Col. A family depression

Choose the correct statement regarding the passage of cold fronts: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Temperature drop and dew point temp rise once the front has passed With the advance of the front the pressure rises steadily There is a sharp backing of the wind after the front has passed


PAGE 28 of 102



198.

When crossing a cold front in the southern hemisphere from the warm to the cold sector there will be: a) b) c)

199.

A cold front is passing over a station. After the frontal passage: a) b) c)

200.

Cold fronts have shallower slopes than warm fronts Warm fronts are often 200 to 300 nm deep Warm fronts overtaking cold fronts are called warm occlusions

When crossing a front at higher altitude the change in the temperature and wind, direction will be: a) b) c)

204.

Warm fronts Cold fronts Cold occluded fronts

Which of the following statements regarding fronts is correct? a) b) c)

203.

The cold air is to the west of the front The cool air is to be west of the front Neither of the above

Frontal fog is associated mainly with: a) b) c)

202.

Temperature and pressure will decrease rapidly Poor surface visibility in fog can be expected The wind direction will change and the visibility will improve rapidly

In a cold front occlusion (front moving in an easterly direction): a) b) c)

201.

A backing in wind direction A veering in wind direction No change in wind direction

Greater than the change at a lower altitude Less than the change at a lower altitude The same as the change at a lower altitude

If the air behind the warm sector is warmer than the air ahead of the warm sector it is called a: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Cool occlusion Warm occlusion Cold occlusion


PAGE 29 of 102



205.

Which factors determine the weather intensity at any front? 1 2 3 4 5 a) b) c)

206.

A gust front occurs and thereafter precipitation begins to fall The anvil top completes its development and light rain begins to fall Temperatures drops sharply and pressure begins to rise rapidly

Which thunderstorms generally produce the most severe conditions such as heavy hail and destructive winds? a) b) c)

211.

The mature stage when precipitation begins to fall The dissipating stage with the formation of the anvil The cumulus stage

What are the indications that downdraughts have developed and that a thunderstorm has reached a mature stage? a) b) c)

210.

Moist air in the lower layers, instability and a lifting action Moist air in the upper layers, stability and frontal activity Sufficient moisture, instability and static electricity

During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterised predominantly by downdraughts? a) b) c)

209.

Sufficient moisture, an unstable lapse rate and a trigger action Sufficient water vapour and orographic uplifting Cumulus cloud with sufficient moisture and an inversion

The conditions necessary for the developments of thunderstorms are: a) b) c)

208.

1, 3 and 4 2, 3 and 5 1, 2 and 4

What are the requirements for the development of a thunderstorm? a) b) c)

207.

Stability of the cold airmass Slope of the front Temperature difference between the two air masses Moisture content of the cold airmass Speed of the overtaking air mass from the rear

Cold front Warm front Air mass

Which weather phenomenon is always associated with thunderstorms? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Lightning Heavy rain showers Hail TYPICAL QUESTIONS - METEOROLOGY

PAGE 30 of 102



212.

Which is the most common hazard of lightning strikes on aircraft? a) b) c)

213.

Short duration atmospheric electrical effects experienced on radio transmitters associated with thunderstorms are caused by: a) b) c)

214.

b) c)

Thunderstorms associated with any type of front which produces considerable rain Thunderstorms with bases near the surface Large air mass thunderstorms developing in areas where the ground temperature is warmer than the air above

What is an indication that downdrafts have developed and the thunderstorm cell has entered the mature stage? a) b) c)

218.

In front of the thunderstorm cell and directly under the cell On all sides of the thunderstorm cell and directly under the cell In front of the thunderstorm cell (anvil side) and on the right of the cell

Tornados and destructive winds are generally associated with which thunderstorms? a)

217.

Thunderstorms are obscured by massive cloud layers Thunderstorms are predicted to form in stable air Severer thunderstorms lie within a squall line

Where can wind shear associated with a thunderstorm be found? (Choose the most complete answer) a) b) c)

216.

Electromagnetic radio waves produced by lightning discharge Precipitation static St Elmo’s fire

What is meant by the term “embedded thunderstorms” a) b) c)

215.

Fuel is ignited in the tanks Structural damage to major components of the aircraft Failure of the entire electrical system

The anvil top has completed its development Precipitation begins to fall from the cloud base A gust front forms

Which procedure is recommended if a pilot should unintentionally penetrate embedded thunderstorm activity? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Reduce speed to manoeuvring speed and maintain a constant altitude Set power for recommended turbulence penetration speed and attempt to maintain a level flight altitude Reduce speed to manoeuvring speed and thereafter maintain a constant airspeed


PAGE 31 of 102



219.

If you fly into severe turbulence, which condition should you attempt to maintain? a) b) c)

220.

What is the best procedure for controlling an aircraft in a thunderstorm, if thunderstorm penetration is unavoidable? a) b) c)

221.

b) c)

b) c)

During frontal uplift the slope at the cold front is steeper than that at the warm front The warm sector is the area ahead of the warm front A warm front is associated with an anti-cyclone

The atmosphere moves at: a) b) c)

225.

Temporary blindness of the pilot Failure of entire electrical system Structural damage of major components of the aircraft

Which one of the following is correct? a)

224.

Tighten safety belts, turn on autopilot to altitude hold mode, turn on cockpit lights and pitot heat Turn on pitot heat, carburettor heat or alternate air, de-icing and anti-icing equipment, and turn cockpit lights to highest intensity Tighten safety belts, turn on pitot heat, turn on carburettor heat or alternate air, and turn cockpit lights to highest intensity

Which is the most common hazard of lightning strikes on aircraft? a) b) c)

223.

Maintain altitude and manoeuvring speed – don’t turn back Maintain a constant attitude and safe operating range power setting – don’t turn back Reduce airspeed to manoeuvring speed – turn 180° as soon as possible

What precaution, in addition to controlling the aircraft, should you take if you cannot avoid thunderstorm penetration? a)

222.

Constant altitude Level flight altitude Constant altitude and airspeed

2 ½ hours per 6° of longitude 6 hours per 2 ½ of latitude West to Ease


JANUARY 2004

The position of the sun has no effect on insolation Advection is the lateral transfer of heat Heat can be transferred by advection, convection, expansion and radiation


PAGE 32 of 102



226.

227.

Which of the following give rise to the formation of CAT? 1 2 3 4 5 6

Anti-cyclones Jetstreams Mountain standing waves Surface Troughs Strong upper air troughs Seasonal upper air winds

a) b) c)

2, 4 and 6 2, 3 and 5 1, 2, 3 and 6

Which statement about low-level wind shear, as it relates to frontal activity, is correct? a) b) c)

228.

Where does wind shear occur? a) b) c)

229.

With a warm front, the most critical period is before the front passes the airport With a cold front, the most critical period is just before the front passes the airport With a cold front, the problem ceases to exist after the front passes the airport

Primarily in the lower altitudes in mountainous areas Where there is an abrupt decrease in pressure and/or temperature With either a wind shift or a wind speed gradient at any level in the atmosphere

What is an important characteristic of wind shear? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

It occurs exclusively at lower levels and is associated with strong horizontal temperature inversions It usually exists in the vicinity of thunderstorms, but may be found near a strong temperature inversion It may be associated with either a wind shift or a wind speed gradient at any level of the atmosphere


PAGE 33 of 102



230.

What are the three correct favourable conditions for the formation of standing waves? A B C D E F G a) b) c)

231.

b) c)

Aim to touch down and stop before reaching the point of rotation of the heavy transport aircraft Aim to touch down past the point of rotation of the heavy transport aircraft Aim to touch down before the rotation point of the heavy transport aircraft and continue rolling through this point

The correct method to avoid wake turbulence during take-off and landing is to: a) b) c)

234.

Station down-wind from the mountain range reporting patches of Cu clouds Stations up-wind of the mountain range reporting Cu clouds Stations on both sides of the mountain range reporting no clouds but good visibility

Which one of the following statements best describes the action required by a light aircraft landing behind a departing heavy transport aircraft? a)

233.

A, F, G B, C, D A, B, E

Weather information indicates a strong wind blowing perpendicular to a mountain range. Other information confirming the existence of mountain waves in the area will be: a) b) c)

232.

Wind blowing parallel to the mountain Wind speed increasing with height Wind blowing perpendicular to the mountain Strong wind with little or no change in direction with height An unstable layer above the mountain Precipitation on the windward side of the mountain Rotor streaming on the lee of the mountain

Take-off and land beyond the touchdown of arriving aircraft Take-off and land beyond the point of rotation of departing aircraft Maintain a lower glide path than the aircraft ahead and land beyond its touchdown point

CAT is found in: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Surface troughs Mountainous areas Seasonal upper air winds


PAGE 34 of 102



235.

When an aircraft encounters a rapid increase in headwind component on the final phase of the approach to land, the aircraft will: a) b) c)

236.

When an aircraft encounters a rapid decrease in headwind component on the final phase of the approach to land, the aircraft will: a) b) c)

237.

Low level turbulence Windshear turbulence Wake turbulence Mechanical turbulence

Conditions favourable for the formation of standing waves are: a) b) c) d)

241.

With full flap selected down After delaying landing with 30 minutes, in the normal configuration Using a flatter approach path

Clear Air Turbulence is associated with: a) b) c) d)

240.

In the vertical plane only In the horizontal plane only And is made up of gusts

You are approaching an aerodrome for landing, the control tower warns you that you might experience wind shear on final approach, you fly the final approach: a) b) c)

239.

Overshoot the required glide slope Undershoot the required glide slope The glide slope will remain constant as the I.A.S. remains constant

Turbulence is defined as random fluctuations of wind: a) b) c)

238.

Overshoot the required glide slope Undershoot the required glide slope The glide slope will remain constant as the I.A.S. remains constant

The wind to blow within 20° of the mountain range Windspeed not less than 10 kts A fairly deep layer of uniform wind Lenticular cloud

The strength and magnitude of mechanical turbulence depends on: a) b) c) d)

JANUARY 2004

Windspeed and frictional surface Windspeed and stability Stability and the frictional surface All of the above


PAGE 35 of 102



242.

Wake turbulence vortices may, under calm conditions persist up to: a) b) c) d)

243.

Which procedure is recommended when operating in an area of suspected or known icing? a) b) c)

244.

246.

-4°C to -18°C +20°C to -5°C -10°C to -30°C

The conditions for severe icing are: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Ns Cu and Cb 14°F to 32°F Wet snow Large droplets High speed High water content

a) b) c)

2, 3, 5, and 7 1, 3, 5 and 7 3, 4, 5 and 6

When flying from an area with temperatures below freezing to a warmer air mass, in clear air, the expected type of icing would be: a) b) c) d)

247.

The de-icing system should be engaged as soon as light accumulation of ice has formed on the leading edges If unable to maintain airspeed due to icing, altitude should be traded for airspeed As icing builds up increases, angle of attack should be increased and power reduced to maintain level flight

The most likely temperature range for carburettor icing to occur is: a) b) c)

245.

4 min. 5 min. 3 min. 2 min.

Hoar frost Rime ice Glazed ice A combination of a, b and c

The primary danger of glazed ice is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Its weight Because it breaks off in large chunks Vibration when present on propellers TYPICAL QUESTIONS - METEOROLOGY

PAGE 36 of 102



248.

Why is frost considered hazardous to flight operations? a) b) c)

249.

In which temperature range is opaque rime ice most commonly found? a) b) c)

250.

c)

Translucent rime ice Hoar frost Opaque rime ice

In which environment is aircraft icing most likely to have the highest rate of accumulation? a) b) c)

254.

Convective clouds indicate a lower freezing level The strong vertical currents mean that a predominance of small supercooled water droplets will be present The strong vertical currents mean that a predominance of large supercooled water droplets will be present

The only type of airframe icing which occurs in clear air is: a) b) c)

253.

Hoar frost Rime ice Glazed ice Rain ice

Convective clouds are most dangerous from the icing point of view because: a) b)

252.

-15°C to -40°C 0°C to -15°C +15°C to -10°C

The most dangerous type of icing is regarded as being: a) b) c) d)

251.

The increased weight requires a greater take-off distance Frost causes early airflow separation resulting in a loss of lift Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the aerofoil

Heavy wet snow Cumulonimbus clouds High humidity and freezing temperatures

Ice formation will be most severe in: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Cumulus type clouds Stratus type clouds Very high clouds at low temperatures


PAGE 37 of 102



255.

Heavy ice accretion in nimbostratus clouds can be expected in the temperature range: a) b) c)

256.

Which minimum temperature range is most conducive to aircraft icing in Stratiform cloud? a) b) c)

257.

+13°C Outside free air temperature +13°C Cylinder heat temperature +13°C Carburettor mixture temperature +13°C Dewpoint temperature

Rime ice can form when the temperature is anywhere from: a) b) c) d)

261.

Between 1000 and 3000 ft above MSL Between 1330 and 3670 ft above MSL Between 3000 ft and the top of the clouds

The most severe throttle icing in the carburettor occurs at: a) b) c) d)

260.

-25°C to +13°C -25°C to +10°C -10°C to +25°C

Strong winds in a humid airstream have caused the formation of an extensive layer of turbulent clouds, the base of which is reported to be at 1000 ft above MSL and the tops at 5000 ft. Airfield elevation is 330 ft and the air temperature at take-off is 5°C. The estimated depth of the airframe icing layer in the Sc is: a) b) c)

259.

-2°C to -15°C 0°C to -15°C 0°C to -10°C

Ice formation in carburettors due to evaporation of fuel will occur at: a) b) c)

258.

0 to -10°C -10 to -20°C -15 to -25°C

-10°C to +27°C 0°c to -40°C 0°C to -10°C +5°C to +27°C

Carburettor icing may result in: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

An engine cut due to an excessively rich mixture Rough running die to early airflow separation in the venture Increased RPM indications in piston aircraft fitted with a C.S.U.


PAGE 38 of 102



262.

The requirements for the formation of a tropical cyclone are: a) b) c) d)

263.

Give the three correct options with regard to tropical cyclones: 1 2 3 4

264.

5 6 7

They never cross the equator They travel in an easterly direction They originate within 5° - 25° north and south of the equator Due to their destructive winds they often cause severe damage for inland over continental regions They occur mainly during winter and spring in the southern hemisphere They do not occur in the North Atlantic Ocean The winds in tropical cyclones blow clockwise in the northern hemisphere

a) b) c) d)

1, 2, 1, 1,

3 and 6 and 3 and 2 and

4 7 5 3

Common features of high pressures are: a) b) c) d)

265.

Within 30° of the equator over warm oceans Within 10° and 30° of the equator over warm oceans Within 15° and 35° of the equator over warm oceans Within 5° and 25° of the equator over warm oceans

Strong surface winds near the centre Clouds of vertical development Good visibility Stability

Give three correct characteristics of a cold anti-cyclone: 1 2 3 4 5

Airflow at the 500 mb level is similar to that at the surface resulting in slow movement of the system Fog seldom occurs or of short duration Circulation is limited in height, seldom above 3000 m They are normally found on the equatorial side of the polar front Moves fast at an average speed of 25 knots

a) b) c)

1, 3 and 4 2, 3 and 5 1, 2 and 3

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 39 of 102



266.

During the South African summer: a) b) c)

267.

Under which climatic zone does Cape Town fall? a) b) c) d)

268.

b) c)

b) c)

Strong South Westerly winds following in the wake of a coastal low; stratiform cloud type with intermittent drizzle Strong South Easterly winds accompanied by overcast conditions and rain showers Strong South Easterly winds accompanied by generally clear skies giving a health effect on the environment

The disastrous torrential rains that affected Laingsburg in 1981 was partly due to: a) b) c) d)

271.

A cell of low pressure usually forms over the Transvaal interior resulting in clear skies and calm conditions Mid Atlantic depressions linked with cold fronts invade the southern regions of South Africa A strong low forming closely behind a front

The Buster is characterized by the following phenomena: a)

270.

Temperate low pressure zone Sub-tropical dry zone Transitional sub-tropic zone Transitional tropic zone

During the South African winter: a)

269.

The Indian and Atlantic low pressure move northwards causing westerlies to blow over the southern part of the continent The Atlantic high pressure is a source of dry subsiding air, having its centre fairly near the west coast Moisture laden North Easterly tradewinds invade the southern regions causing torrential rains over the Southern Cape

The Cape Doctor The South Westerly Buster The Black South Easter The Wet North Western

The Cape Doctor: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Occurs frequently during the winter over the Cape Peninsula Is a strong south westerly wind usually accompanied with clear skies Blows when there is a well developed high pressure system west of Cape Town


PAGE 40 of 102



272.

The special or routine meteorological reports made by aircraft crew are known as: a) b) c) d)

273.

The elements contained in an AIREP and their order shall be: a) b) c) d)

274.

Operational and Meteorological information Meteorological and Positional information Positional, Operational and Meteorological information Operational, Positional and Meteorological information

Weather satellites generally operate in either a: a) b) c) d)

275.

AIREPS NOTAMS SPECIS METARS

Polar or equatorial orbit Geographical or solar orbit Solar or stationary orbit Geostationary or polar orbit

Which weather satellites orbits at a height of about 36 000 km? a) b) c) d)

Equatorial satellites Geostationary satellites Geographical satellites Polar satellites

The following ten questions refer to the coded synoptic Symbol “A”: 276.

The wind direction is: a) b) c)

277.

The wind strength is: a) b) c)

278.

125°T 025°T 320°T

05 kts 05 m/s 05 km/m

The atmospheric sea level pressure or GPM is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

1003,9 HPa 1028,0 HPa 1015.0 HPa


PAGE 41 of 102



279.

The pressure tendency in the last three hours was: a) b) c)

280.

The dewpoint temperature is: a) b) c)

281.

Hail Rain Freezing Rain

The cloud type is: a) b) c)

285.

6 Octas 4 Octas 8 Octas

The present weather is: a) b) c)

284.

5600 m 6000 m 600 m

The amount of low cloud is: a) b) c)

283.

25°C 09°C 12.5°C

The visibility is a) b) c)

282.

Rising Falling steadily Remaining steady

Large Cumulus and Nimbostratus Dense Cirrus and Altocumulus Stratus and Thick Altostratus

The cloudbase is: a) b) c)

± 260 ft ± 700 ft ± 1500 ft

The following ten questions refer to the coded synoptic Symbol “B” 286.


JANUARY 2004

220°T 120°T 030°T


PAGE 42 of 102



287.


288.


289.

4 Octas 1 Octa below 6000 ft 3 Octas


294.

450 m 45 km 4500 m


293.

-12.0°C +2.0°C +12.0°C

The visibility is: a) b) c)

292.

Not recorded Rising Fluctuating


291.

1000.0 HPa 1013.8 HPa 1010.0 HPa


290.

30m/s 3.0 m/s 7 m/s

Showers of rain Very good Unmeasurable


JANUARY 2004

Small cumulus Strands of Cirrus Cumulus and Stratocumulus


PAGE 43 of 102



295.


± 800 ft 7000 to 9000 ft 150 to 300 ft

The following ten questions refer to the coded synoptic Symbol “C”: 296.


297.


298.

+16.2°C +11.1°C +3.1°C


302.

Falling or steady, then rising Rising then falling Falling steadily


301.

1099.8 HPa 99.8 HPa 999.8 HPa


300.

0 kts 5 m/second 5 km/hour


299.

Calm 270° Magnetic 270° True



JANUARY 2004

Slight intermittent rain Fog Ice needles


PAGE 44 of 102



303.


304.

Stratus Cirrus or Cirrostratus, altocumulus and large Cumulus Cumulus and Stratocumulus, altocumulus and Cirrocumulus


600 to 1000 ft 50 to 150 ft 1000 to 2000 ft

The following ten questions refer to the coded synoptic Symbol “D”: 305.


306.


307.

To rise with 2.8 HPa To drop with 2.2 HPa To drop with 5.6 HPa


310.

984.0 GPM 1000.2 HPa 1028.0 HPa


309.

25 kts 30 kts 55 kts


308.

215°T 230°T 020°T

+20.1°C +11.0°C +6.0°C

The past weather is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Nil Rain Showers


PAGE 45 of 102



311.


312.


313.

Dust storm Continuous drizzle Rain


314.


Stratocumulus, Cirrus and Stratus Small Cumulus, Stratocumulus and Stratus Cumulonimbus


3000 to 5000 ft 2000 to 3000 ft 1000 to 2000 ft

The following ten questions refer to the coded synoptic Symbol “E”: 315.


316.


317.

10 kts 10 km/hr 10 m/sec


318.

110°T 110°M 110°C

1125 HPa 1025 GPM 1002.5 HPa


JANUARY 2004

Steady rise of 6 HPa Steady rise of 0.3 HPa Steady rise of 0.06 HPa


PAGE 46 of 102



319.


320.


321.

Snow Freezing snow Fog in patches


324.

Obscured Six Octas Seven Octas


323.

120 m 1 200 m 12 000 m


322.

-3°C -0.3°C +3°C

Cirrostratus Altocumulus Stratus or Nimbostratus


0 to 150 ft 150 to 300 ft 300 to 600 ft

The following ten questions refer to the coded synoptic Symbol “N” 325.


326.

209°T 300°T 010°T


JANUARY 2004



PAGE 47 of 102



327.


328.


329.

80 km 50 km 4 km

The low cloud type is: a) b) c)

334.

5 Octas 2 Octas 1 Octa


333.

Drizzle Clear skies Thunderstorms


332.

+0°C +4°C +5°C

The past weather is: a) b) c)

331.

Rise 0.3 HPa Rise 1 HPa Rise 3 HPa


330.

1005.2 HPa 1052.2 HPa 1522.0 GPM

Cumulonimbus Moderate to large cumulus Thin altostratus


JANUARY 2004

± 2000 ft ± 5000 ft ± 8000 ft


PAGE 48 of 102



The following ten questions refer to the coded synoptic Symbol “G”: 335.


336.


337.

800 m 8000 m 80 km

The amount of medium cloud is: a) b) c)

342.

6°C 25°C 2°C


341.

1023.7 HPa 1017.5 HPa 1001.2 HPa


340.

1025.0 HPa 1002.5 HPa 1025.5 HPa

What was the atmospheric pressure three hours ago? a) b) c)

339.

0 kts 20 km/h 20 m/s

The atmospheric sea level pressure of GPM is: a) b) c)

338.

360°T No direction 360°M



JANUARY 2004

Haze Slight freezing rain Moderate or heavy freezing rain


PAGE 49 of 102



343.

The cloudtype is: a) b) c)

344.

Altocumulus with Altostratus or Nimbostratus Altocumulus and Cirrus Cirrostratus not covering the whole sky


Not given Below 10 000 ft Above 10 000 ft

The following ten questions refer to the coded synoptic Symbol “H”: 345.


346.


347.

Falling steadily or unsteadily Falling then rising Falling steadily then rising rapidly


350.

1021.0 HPa 1008.3 HPa 983.0 HPa


349.

5 kts 50 kts 15 kts


348.

320°T 250°T 010°T

+ 6°C + 5°C - 5°C

The visibility at the time of the message is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

35 km 350 m 3500 m


PAGE 50 of 102



351.


352.

The amount of total cloud is: a) b) c)

353.


The cloudtype is: a) b) c)

354.


Stratus Cumulus Predominantly fog


600 ft 6000 ft 7000 ft

The following eight questions refer to synoptic chart No 1: 355.

Berg wind conditions can be expected at: a) b) c)

356.

The visibility at Walvisbay is: a) b) c)

357.

The Namibian west coast The Mozambique south coast Cape Town

40 km 4 km 0.4 km

The base of the low cloud at Cape Town is: a) b) c)

358.

± 300 ft ± 800 ft ± 1200 ft The medium cloud at Pretoria is:

a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Stratocumulus Altocumulus Small cumulus


PAGE 51 of 102



359.

The present weather at Durban is: a) b) c)

360.

The atmospheric pressure or GPM at Bloemfontein is given as 519, meaning: a) b) c)

361.

1051.9 HPa 819.0 HPa 1519 GPM

The windspeed and direction at Mosselbay is:

a) b) c) 362.

Visibility reduced due to smoke 4 Octas cloud Not significant enough to be included

270° True heading at 10 kts 270° Magnetic heading at 10 kts 270° Magnetic heading at 5 kts

Regarding the weather at Walvisbay, which statement regarding the fog is true: a) b) c)

The fog is either radiation or tropical steam fog If the wind strengthens the fog will be blown inland If the wind veers through 90° the fog will be blown inland

The following eight questions refer to synoptic chart No 2 363.

You are flying from ship F to ship E. a) b) c)

364.

The visibility at ship D is: a) b) c)

365.

7000 m 20 000 m 5000 m

The base of the low cloud at ship A is: a) b) c)

366.

The cloudbase will drop significantly The altimeter will overread on arrival at ship E Severe rime icing can be expected at 1500 AGL

± 2500 ft ± 1500 ft ± 500 ft

The low cloud at ship C is most likely to be: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Stratus Fractus Cumulus Cumulonimbus


PAGE 52 of 102



367.

The present weather at station ship C is: a) b) c)

368.

The atmospheric sea level pressure or GPM at ship C is: a) b) c)

369.

980.0 HPa 898.0 HPa 1011.2 HPa

The windspeed and direction at ship E is: a) b) c)

370.

Intermittent rain Stratus cloud Moderate continuous rain

220/30 kts 170/30 kts 120/30 kts

In the next two hours the wind and pressure at ship C will respectively: a) b) c)

Back and drop Back and rise Veer and rise

The following eight questions refer to synoptic chart No 2. 371.

The wind direction at Cape Town is: a) b) c)

372.

The visibility at Durban (station 588) is: a) b) c)

373.

7000 m 700 m 20 000 m

The base of the low cloud at Durban (station 588) is: a) b) c)

374.

Typical of the Cape doctor providing cloud over Table Mountain. North at 25 kts South-east at 25 kts

1000 to 2000 ft 2000 to 3000 ft 3000 to 5000 ft

The medium clout at Bloemfontein (station 442) is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Dense cirrus Altostratus Altocumulus castellanus


PAGE 53 of 102



375.

The present weather at Cape Town (station 816) is: a) b) c)

376.

The atmospheric sea level pressure or GPM at Port Elizabeth (station 842) is: a) b) c)

377.

1015.8 HPa 1146 GPM 1216 HPa

The windspeed and direction at Upington (station 424) is: a) b) c)

378.

Continuous rain Low fractostratus cloud Cold and windy

Easterly at 10 kts Light and variable North-Easterly at 15 kts

In the next 3 hours Durban (station 588) will experience: a) b) c)

A sharp backing of the wind and a temperature drop Slight showers A drop in pressure and a veering of the wind



380.

The visibility at Cape Town is: a) b) c)

381.

160 meters 1600 meters 16 000 meters

The base of the low cloud at Cape Town (station 816) is: a) b) c)

382.

Cape Town (station 816) Port Elizabeth (station 842) Maputo (station 341)

± 300 ft ± 800 ft ± 1600 ft

The medium cloud at Beaufort West (station 728) is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Altocumulus Altocumulus or Nimbostratus Altocumulus in chaotic layers


PAGE 54 of 102



383.

The present weather at Cape Town (station 816) is: a) b) c)

384.

The atmospheric sea level pressure or GPM at Port Elizabeth (station 842) is: a) b) c)

385.

842 HPa 858 HPa 1016 HPa

The windspeed and direction at Cape Town is: a) b) c)

386.

Continuous rain Dust in the air Severe dust storm

360° True/25 kts 180° Magnetic/25 kts 180° True/25 kts

What is the total cloud cover at Alexander Bay (station 406): a) b) c)

Sky obscured 8 Octas 7 Octas


What weather do you expect at ship C in about 3 hours a) b) c)

388.

The visibility at Ship A is: a) b) c)

389.

20 km 7 km 15 km

The base of the low cloud at Ship E is: a) b) c)

390.

Slight rain showers Intermittent rain Squalls


The medium cloud at Ship E is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

There is no medium cloud Cumulus Stratocumulus


PAGE 55 of 102



391.

The past weather at Ship D is: a) b) c)

392.

The atmospheric pressure at Ship C in the next three hours is likely: a) b) c)

393.

To continue dropping after the passage of the cold front To continue dropping before and after the passage of the cold front To continue dropping until the passage of the cold front and then start rising

The windspeed and direction at Ship E is: a) b) c)

394.

Showers Slight rain showers Squalls


045°T 045°T 225°T

You are flying from Cape Town to Ship B. The wind will: a) b) c)

First veer then back Back twice during the flight Only back when passing through the cold front

The following five questions refer to the METAR as listed below: METAR FACT 120500Z 34032G 44 KT 5000 + RA SCT005 OVC013 14/13 Q 1008 TEMPO 2000 = 395.

Which of the following statements regarding TEMPO is correct? a) b) c)

396.

The lowest cloud is: a) b) c)

397.

The visibility will reduce to 2000 m for less than one hour The visibility will reduce to 2000 m within the next hour The visibility will increase to 5000 m within the next two hours

Scattered stratocumulus The low cloud is at 5000 ft Between 3 and 4 Octas

The wind direction and strength is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

340°T, 32 kts gusting 44 kts 340°T at 44 kts Varying between 340°T and 320°T at 44 kts


PAGE 56 of 102



398.

At 07h00 bravo time the visibility is: a) b) c)

399.

2000 m 5000 m Unknown

Which of the following statements is correct? a) b) c)

The QNH is 1008 HPa The QFE is 1008 HPa The temperature is 14°C gusting 13°C

The following five questions refer to the METAR as listed below. METAR FACT 220500Z 01018 G 32 KT 9999 SCT020 BKN035 12/09 Q1020 NOSIG 400.

The wind speed and direction is: a) b) c)

401.

NOSIG means: a) b) c)

402.

1002.0 HPa 1020.0 HPa 1000.2 HPa

The visibility: a) b) c)

404.

No significant weather No significant change No significant dangers

The atmospheric pressure is: a) b) c)

403.

010° True at 32 kts 018° True at 32 kts 010° True at 18 kts gusting 32 kts

Is 9999 m Is greater than 10 000 m Was not recorded

The low cloud is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Scattered stratocumulus 3 to 4 Octas at 200 ft 3 to 4 Octas at 2000 ft


PAGE 57 of 102



The following five questions refer to the METAR as listed below: FAMM 070500Z 15008KT CAVOK 06/00 Q 1026 = 405.

The wind direction is in degrees from: a) b) c)

406.

Magnetic north True north Compass north

CAVOK indicates that: a) b) c)

There are no clouds visible There are no low cloud present The visibility is greater than 10 000 feet

407. Which of the following is true regarding the term CAVOK? a) b) c) 408.

The time of the report is: a) b) c)

409.

CAVOK may apply during sandstorms CAVOK may apply during frost CAVOK may apply during tornados

0700 Bravo time 0500 Bravo time 0300 Bravo time


The weather will become CAVOK at 06h00Z FAMM is somewhere in Namibia The dewpoint temperature is 0°C

The following five questions refer to the METAR as listed below. METAR EGLL 020800Z 01008KT 0400N R03/0400D R21/0350N FG BKN006 SCT015 14/13 Q1020 BECMG 7000 BCFG 410.

The horizontal visibility is: a) b) c)

411.

1020 m 400 m to the North 350 m to the North

The wind direction and speed is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

210° True/35 kts 030° True/40 kts 010° True/8 kts TYPICAL QUESTIONS - METEOROLOGY

PAGE 58 of 102



412.


413.

Which of the following statements is true? a) b) c)

414.

Temperature is between 13 and 14° Celsius The airfield is presently experiencing fog The atmospheric pressure is 1510.2 geopotential meters

The RVR to the North is 350 m The RVR is 400 m on runway 03 The RVR is 210 m on runway 35

What is the trend of the WX? a) b) c)

Vis improving to 7000 m in fog patches Either precipitation, shallow fog or low drifting snow will follow The sky will be clear within two hours

The following five questions refer to the METAR as listed below: METAR FAOB 170600Z 01020G35KT 8000 SCT040 20/15 Q0999 BECMG FM07 3000 + RA 18/15 415.

What is the cloud height at 0630 Zulu? a) b) c)

416.

What is the QNH? a) b) c)

417.

1999.0 HPa 1099.9 HPa 999.0 HPa

The visibility will be 3000 m after: a) b) c)

418.

3000 ft 1500 ft 4000 ft

0700Z to 0800Z 0600Z and before 0700Z 0800Z

You can expect that the height of the cloud base, two hours after the METAR was sent will: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Rise slightly Drop slightly Stay 400 feet


PAGE 59 of 102



419.

The weather after 0700Z will be: a) b) c)

Slight rain Heavy rain No rain

The following five questions refer to the METAR as listed below: METAR FACT 070500Z 34032G44 KT 9000 – RA BKN020 SCT050 14/08 Q1012 BECMG 9999 SCT 035 420.

Present weather is: a) b) c)

421.

Windspeed at FACT is: a) b) c)

422.

9 km 9.999 km Greater than 10 000 meters

Wind direction is: a) b) c)

424.

32 kts gusting 44 kts 40 kts 34 kts

The visibility at 0700 Bravo time is: a) b) c)

423.

Heavy rain Rain Light rain

340° True 340° Magnetic 340° Compass


JANUARY 2004

A METAR has the same format as a TAF A SPECI has the same format as a METAR A METAR is a weather forecast


PAGE 60 of 102



The following four questions refer to the METAR as listed below. METAR FAWK 090500Z 27005 KT 0500 FG OVC 001 09/09 Q1022 BECMG FM06 26010KT 9999 SCT015 425.

The visibility at 0645Z is: a) b) c)

426.

What time was the METAR compiled for? a) b) c)

427.

0500 Bravo time 0700 Bravo time 0300 Bravo time

Cloudcover between 0500Z and 0600Z will be: a) b) c)

428.

500 m More than 10 000 m ± 1000 m

1 Octa 4 Octas 8 Octas

The rapid change in weather will take place: a) b) c)

Within an hour After one hour Within the following two hours

The following four questions refer to the METAR as listed below: METAR FACT 170800Z 35005KT 4000 – FZRA OVC020 06/00 Q1008 BECMG FM09 0800 OVC004 429.

What type of precipitation is occurring at 0800Z? a) b) c)

430.

Light freezing rain Heavy freezing rain Fog

What happens to the visibility between 0800Z and 0930Z? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Decreases to 700 meters Decreases to 800 meters Decreases to 900 meters in Fog or Mist


PAGE 61 of 102



431.

The cloudbase at 0930Z will be: a) b) c)

432.

400 meters 400 feet 400 HPa


6°C 2°C 0°C

The following five questions refer to the METAR as listed below: METAR FAPE 060500Z 25003KT 1500S MIFG SCT090 09/09 Q1025 NOSIG 433.

MIFG means that the visibility at two meters above ground level shall be: a) b) c)

434.


435.

003° True at 25 kts 250° True at 3 kts 025° True at 3 kts


437.

The RVR on runway 18 is 1500 meters The visibility at Port Elizabeth is 1500 feet The visibility is 1500 meters towards the sea

The wind is: a) b) c)

436.

Less than 1000 m 1000 m or more 2000 m or more

QNE 1025 HPa QNH 1025 HPa QFE 1025 HPa

NOSIG means: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

No significant change is expected in the next 2 hours No significant change is expected in the next 3 hours No significant change is expected in the next 6 hours


PAGE 62 of 102



The following five questions refer to the METAR as listed below. METAR FADN 220500Z 26004KT 3000 FU SCT 025 17/15 Q1018 438.

What is the visibility? a) b) c)

439.

FU is used to indicate: a) b) c)

440.

± 4 Octas ± 6 Octas None of the above

The QNH is: a) b) c)

442.

Fog Smoke Funnel clouds

The cloud cover is: a) b) c)

441.

500 meters 3000 feet 3 km

1018 HPa 1001.8 HPa 851.8 HPa

The wind direction is given in degrees from: a) b) c)

Compass North Magnetic North True North

The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed below. TAF FACT 120000Z 120312 02010KT 9999 SCT 035 TEMPO 0307 36025G35KT PROB30 TEMPO 0810 BKN 020 T10/12Z = 443.

The forecast was made at: a) b) c)

444.

0200Z 1200Z 0000Z

The wind will increase to 360°/25 kts gusting 35 kts: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

After 0600Z Between 0300Z and 0700Z If the 30 % probability comes about TYPICAL QUESTIONS - METEOROLOGY

PAGE 63 of 102



445.

The cloudbase at 0700Z is forecast to be: a) b) c)

446.

The cloud cover at between 0800Z and 1000Z is: a) b) c)

447.

3500 ft 2000 ft Between 2000 and 3500 ft

Between 7 and 5 Octas Between 4 and 7 Octas Scattered stratocumulus

Which of the following statements are true? a) b) c)

The temperature is 11°C The forecast period is from 0800Z to 1000Z The forecast period is from 0300Z

The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed below: TAF FADN 270300Z 270615 21016 KT 9999 SCT 030 BKN120 FM12 14012 KT BKN 020 T26/12Z = 448.

The forecast is valid: a) b) c)

From 0600Z to 1500Z On the 6th of the month at 1500Z At 0615Z

449. The visibility is measured from: a) b) c) 450.

The cloudbase at 1430Z is forecast to be: a) b) c)

451.

1.5 meters above the ground 15 meters above the ground 50 meters above the ground

3000 feet 2000 feet Between 2000 and 3000 feet


JANUARY 2004

Greater than 10 km Not measurable 9.9999 km


PAGE 64 of 102



452.

Which of the following statements are true: a) b) c)

The wind will back during the forecast period The temperature is 12°C The forecast ends at 1400 Bravo time

The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed below: TAF FAGG 120000Z 120312 VRB05KT 9999 SCT 012 PROB40 TEMPO 0810 26010KT 5000 RA OVC 020 FM11 21015KT 8000 BKN040 T09/10Z = 453.

The time for the forecast period is: a) b) c)

454.

A requirement for CAVOK is: a) b) c)

455.

Greater than 10 000 m 5000 m 8000 m

The cloudbase after 1100Z is forecast to be: a) b) c)

457.

The visibility is not less than 10 000 m Low cloud is less than 4 Octas No cloud below the minimum sector altitude

The forecast visibility at 0900Z is: a) b) c)

456.

Between 12H00 and 01H00 Zulu time Between 05H00 and 14H00 Bravo time Between 03H00 and 11H00 Zulu time

2000 ft 3000 ft 4000 ft

The wind is forecast to: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Veer between 0800Z and 1000Z Back after 1300 Bravo time Fluctuate in strength between 0300Z and 1200Z


PAGE 65 of 102



The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed below: TAF FALW 020000Z 020312 27005KT 4000 VC FG BKN020 BECMG 0911 OVC 010 T12/11Z = 458.

The weather at 0500 Bravo time is: a) b) c)

459.

When will the cloud become overcast? a) b) c)

460.

0000Z 0200Z 0300Z

The QNH will decrease to 1008 HPa: a) b) c)

462.

Before 1100Z time After 1500Z time At 1700Z time

At what time was this TAF compiled? a) b) c)

461.

Fog Fog in the vicinity of the aerodrome Rain showers

No QNH given Between 0600 and 0800 Zulu Between 0700 and 1400 Zulu

The visibility at 1100Z will be: a) b) c)

1000 meters 4000 meters Greater tan 10 km

The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed below: TAF FAUT 040300Z 040615 03007KT 9999 BKN 035 BECMG 0709 SCT045 BECMG 1012 CAVOK T33/13Z = 463.

The wind is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

300° at 7 kts 030° at 7 kts Measured in degrees from magnetic north


PAGE 66 of 102



464.

CAVOK will apply from: a) b) c)

465.

0700Z 0900Z 1000Z

The forecast period terminates at: a) b) c)

1000Z 1200Z 1500Z

466. CAVOK indicates: a) b) c)

No clouds No low and medium clouds No low clouds

467. During the forecast period the amount of cloud will: a) b) c)

Increase and the base will rise Decrease and the base will rise Remain the same and the base will rise

The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed below: TAF FAWM 270300Z 270615 15008KT CAVOK BECMG 0810 36010KT T28/14Z = 468.

The wind direction will change to 36010KT: a) b) c)

469.


470.

At 0800Z At 0810Z Between 0800 and 1000Z

Greater than 10 km Greater than 5 km Greater than 50 km

A TAF is a: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Routine weather report Special message sent when requested by pilots Routine weather forecast


PAGE 67 of 102



471.

The wind direction at 0700 Zulu time: a) b) c)

472.

Will be 015° True Will be 036° True Will be south easterly


The TAF was compiled at 0615Z time There will be no cloud overhead FAWM throughout the forecast period The wind strength at 0900 Bravo time will be 8 kts

The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed below: TAF FACT 090300Z 090615 35025G45KT 8000 SCT008 BCN030 TEMPO 0612 2000 RA OVC008 BECMG 1415 26015G25KT = 473.

The forecast period is from: a) b) c)

474.

The visibility at 1400Z will be: a) b) c)

475.

15 kts 25 kts gusting 45 kts 45 kts

The wind direction will: a) b) c)

477.

2000 m 8000 m Greater than 10 000 m

The wind strength at 1200Z will be: a) b) c)

476.

0900Z 0600Z 0400Z

Veer Back Change temporarily

The cloudbase of the overcast cloud is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

800 feet 80 meters 800 meters


PAGE 68 of 102



The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed in the Exam Aid Page: Exam-15 478.

On what synoptic chart was the TAFS based? a) b) c)

479.

At Johannesburg International, there is a 30 % probability that: a) b) c)

480.

0900Z 0312Z 0600Z

TEMPO means: a) b) c)

482.

The cloud base will be 2000 feet at 1200B The wind will gust up to 35 kts after 0800B time Thunder showers and rain will occur between 1300Z and 1500Z

The forecasts are valid from: a) b) c)

481.

1200Z 0600Z 0300Z

Change after time given Cause the influx of cold moisture laden air Temporary change for less than half the period given

Which statement regarding TAFs is correct? a) b) c)

Units of wind strength is always in knots (nautical miles per hour) If cumulonimbus is present it will be included in the TAF NSC means no significant cirro clouds

The following five questions refer to the TAF from Margate as listed on page 98: 483.

The forecast: a) b) c)

484.

Is from 0200 to 1000Z Is from 0900 to 1800Z Is form 1000 to 2400Z

The predicted weather between 1400Z and 1800Z is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Freezing rain Rain in the vicinity of the airfield Light rain


PAGE 69 of 102



485.

The visibility at 1200 local time: a) b) c)

486.

The cloudbase will: a) b) c)

487.

Is 6000 meters Will be greater than 10 km Is not given in this specific TAF

Temporarily lower during the forecast period Rise during the forecast period Initially be lower then rise during the latter part of the forecast period

Forecast wind direction: a) b) c)

Is given in degrees magnetic heading Is predicted to change after 17H00 local time Is measured from true north

The following five questions refer to the TAF as listed below: TAF FACT 010300Z 010615 VRB03KT 2000 FG OVC015 PROB40 TEMPO 0810 28015G30KT 5000 +RA OVC 020 FM11 29020KT 8000 –RA OVC 025 T17/11Z = 488.

The visibility at 0900B time will be: a) b) c)

489.

The TAF is valid for the period: a) b) c)

490.

0100Z to 1100Z 0300Z to 1400Z 0600Z to 1500Z

TEMPO means: a) b) c)

491.

2000 m 5000 m 8000 m

The forecast weather will be interrupted The weather as forecast will occur in the interim period The weather as forecast will occur for less than half the period stated

The weather at 1200Z will be: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Fog Light rain Heavy rain


PAGE 70 of 102



492.

The abbreviation VRB as used in the TAF means: a) b) c)

Variable Voice rotating beacon VFR flight rules must be obeyed

Refer to significant weather charts valid 0600 UT 1998-01-13 493.

You are flying from Cape Town to Port Elizabeth at F110. You are most likely to experience: a) b) c)

5 to 7 Octas cloud Severe carburetor icing Lightning

For the following two valid 0600 UT 1998-01-13: 494.

significant

weather

charts

Clear air turbulence at FL130 Strong westerly winds exceeding 280 kts Icing above 1000 ft at times

± 34°C ± 14°C ± 26°C

For the following two valid 0600 UT 1998-01-13:

questions

refer

to

significant

You have to fly VFR from Overberg to Langebaanweg. experience the safest flight? a) b) c)

497.

to

The temperature at Port Elizabeth at 0800 local time: a) b) c)

496.

refer

You are flying from East Londen to Cape Town. You are likely to encounter: a) b) c)

495.

questions

weather

charts

At what level will you

FL060 FL100 Should not fly at all

At what level will the temperature increase with height above Cape Town? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

50 000 ft 42 000 ft 35 000 ft


PAGE 71 of 102



For the following two questions refer to significant weather chart valid 0600 UT 1998-01-13 498.

You are flying from Overberg to Cape Town at 1500 ft AMSL. The weather en route is: a) b) c)

499.

Rain Showers Hail

The visibility en route to Nelspruit (flying from Durban at 4000 ft AMSL): a) b) c)

Will progressively deteriorate to 1000 m Will be poor when precipitation and fog occurs Will remain ± 3000 m due to fog on the escarpment

For the following two questions refer to significant weather chart valid 0600 UT 1998-01-13: 500.

You are flying in the South-Western Cape at FL360. You can expect: a) b) c)

501.

Thundershowers Icing C.A.T.

En route from Maputo to Pretoria at FL075 you can expect: a) b) c)

Fog on the escarpment High turbulence Severe turbulence

For the following two questions refer to significant weather chart valid 0600 UT 1998-01-13: 502.

You expect the lowest temperatures at: a) b) c)

503.

Port Elizabeth Durban Cape Town

The cloud tops at Johannesburg: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Was not measured Below FL170 FL090


PAGE 72 of 102



Refer to significant weather chart valid 0600 UT 1998-01-13: 504.

You are flying from Alexander Bay to Cape Town, you are most likely to experience icing at: a) b) c)

Above FL140 FL100 to FL140 Below FL100

For the following two questions refer to the upper winds chart based on 0600 UT 1998-0107. You are flying from 30°S 30°E to 30°S 20°E at FL130. 505.

Which of the following is true? a) b) c)

506.

Groundspeed will be greater than Indicated Airspeed You can expect to drift left of track Your altimeter will underread at destination if QNH setting is not adjusted

The wind direction and speed at 30°S 28°E is: a) b) c)

290°/20 kts at FL170 160°/10 kts at FL100 195°/15 kts at FL210

For the following two on 0600 UT 1998-01-07. 507.

refer

to

the

upper

winds

chart

based

What is the wind speed and direction at FL100 at 33°S 22°E? a) b) c)

508.

questions

110°/15 kts 075°/15 kts 300°/15 kts

You fly from 20°S 30°E to 20°S 25°E, at what altitude is carburetor icing most likely? a) b) c)

8000 ft 14 000 ft 19 000 ft

For the following two questions refer to upper wind and temperature chart valid at 0600 UT 1998-01-07. 509.

What is the wind direction and strength at FL100 at 22°S 25°E? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

± 300°/15 kts ± 030°/10 kts ± 355°/10 kts


PAGE 73 of 102



510.

What is the wind strength and direction at FL90 at 25°S 25°E? a) b) c)

110°/10 kts 020°/08 kts 180°/30 kts

For the following two questions refer to upper winds and temperature chart valid at 0600 UT 1998-01-07. 511.

The wind direction and speed at FL110 at 33°S 26°E is: a) b) c)

512.

200°/35 kts 185°/20 kts 300°/15 kts

The temperature at 30°S and 30°E is: a) b) c)

-21°C at FL150 -5°C at FL170 -6°C at FL070

Refer to upper winds and temperature charts valid at 0600 UT 1998-01-07 513.

The density altitude at 25°S 20°E at FL170 is: a) b) c)

18 800 feet 16 000 feet 14 700 feet

For the following three questions refer to Actual Upper Wind Chart 950411 12H00. 514.

What is the wind direction and speed overhead Durban at FL230? a) b) c)

515.

From FL170 to FL350, on which side of the country is the High situated? a) b) c)

516.

190°/35 kts 230°/65 kts 220°/50 kts

Cannot calculate from the given chart To the West of the country To the East of the country

You are flying from Waterkloof to Windhoek at FL150. What wind can you expect en route? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

A head wind of 15 kts A vector wind of 090°/20 kts A tail wind of 35 kts


PAGE 74 of 102



For the following three questions refer to Actual Upper Wind Chart 950411 12H00. 517.

What is the wind direction and speed overhead Cape Town at FL050? a) b) c)

518.

You are flying form Cape Town to Durban at FL270. altimeter after take-off, will it… a) b) c)

519.

True False

2 hours 6 hours 9 hours

A sudden significant change in visibility, low cloud, surface wind or weather is provided for in one of the following: a) b) c)

523.

FL100 FL170 FL080

The trend attached to a METAR and SPECI is valid for: a) b) c)

522.

Overread at Durban Underread at Durban Can’t calculate from given chart

Refer to Synoptic Chart 2. You fly from A to B, the altimeter will overread. a) b)

521.

Without adjusting your

Which level will be the most favourable to fly from Pietersburg to Bloemfontein? a) b) c)

520.

250°/20 kts 290°/10 kts 360°/05 kts

SPECI METAR TAF


JANUARY 2004

A TAF is an area forecast whilst a METAR and SPECI are aerodrome forecasts METARs and SPECIs are issued as routine whilst TAFs are issued on an as required basis A METAR is issued on a routine basis whilst a SPECI is issued when significant deteriorations or improvements occur in the weather


PAGE 75 of 102





525.

The visibility at Ship G is: a) b) c)

526.

822.2 HPa 1022.2 HPa 1222.0 HPa

The windspeed and direction at Ship G is: a) b) c)

531.

Precipitation at the station Precipitation near the station Precipitation for from the station

The atmospheric sea level pressure or GPM at Ship G is: a) b) c)

530.

Nil Cumulus Stratocumulus

The present weather at Upington (station 424) is: a) b) c)

529.


The medium cloud at station Ship G is: a) b) c)

528.

7000 m 70 000 m 20 000 m

The base of the low cloud at Ship G is: a) b) c)

527.

Maputo (station 341) Cape Town (station 816) Alexander Bay (station 406)

270° True at 20 kts 090° True at 20 kts 260° True at 15 kts

You fly from ship G to ship E. At ship G you set the correct QNH, after landing at ship E (QNH 1004 on arrival) the altimeter: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Will indicate 540 feet Will indicate 420 feet Will indicate 60 feet TYPICAL QUESTIONS - METEOROLOGY

PAGE 76 of 102





533.

The visibility at Windhoek is: a) b) c)

534.

1156.0 HPa 1156 GPM 1015.6 HPa

The windspeed and direction at Grootfontein (station 012) in Namibia is: a) b) c)

539.

Rain Showers No significant weather

The sea level pressure or GPM at Walvis Bay 68104 is: a) b) c)

538.

Altocumulus Altocumulus castellanus Cumulus

The present weather at Beaufort West is: a) b) c)

537.

2000 ft 4500 ft Above 9000 ft

The medium cloud at Windhoek (station 110) is: a) b) c)

536.

8 km 30 km 80 km

The base of the low cloud at Windhoek (station 110) is: a) b) c)

535.

Durban Cape Town Maputo

South Easterly at 10 kts South Westerly at 10 kts North Westerly at 10 kts

The total cloud cover at Windhoek is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004



PAGE 77 of 102





541.

The visibility at Bashee (station 768) is likely to: a) b) c)

542.

Rise after the passage of the front Drop after the cold front has passed Rise slightly and then drop within the next three hours

The windspeed and direction at Bashee, after the passage of the cold front will: a) b) c)

547.

Dry haze Fog No significant weather

The atmospheric pressure at Bashee (station 768) will: a) b) c)

546.

Small cumulus Strato cumulus Cumulus and strato cumulus

The present weather at Durban (station 588) is: a) b) c)

545.

Drop in the next hour Stay approximately at the same height for the next hour Rise significantly in the next hour

The low cloud at Port Elizabeth (station 842) is: a) b) c)

544.

Decrease to 4000 m within the next 3 hours Decrease to 7000 m within the next 3 hours Decrease to 10 000 m within the next 3 hours

The base of the low cloud at Port Elizabeth (station 842) is likely to: a) b) c)

543.

Maputo Durban Port Elizabeth

Increase and veer Decrease and back Increase and become south westerly

The upper air at Bloemfontein is: a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Stable and moist Unstable and moist Saturated at 6000 above mean sea level


PAGE 78 of 102



The following seven questions refer to synoptic chart No 2. 548.

What wind changes can be expected at Ship E in the next 3 hours? a) b) c)

549.

The visibility at Ship E is: a) b) c)

550.

Slight rain Showers Rain showers

The atmospheric pressure at Ship D two hours ago was: a) b) c)

554.

Altocumulus from spreading cumulus Large cumulus Small altocumulus

The present weather at ship D is: a) b) c)

553.

± 300 feet ± 500 feet ± 800 feet

The medium cloud at station 323 on the Mosambique coast is: a) b) c)

552.

200 meters 2000 meters 2500 meters

The base of the low cloud at Ship E is: a) b) c)

551.

The wind will back and increase in strength The wind will back twice and increase in strength The wind will back once due to the existence of the surface occlusion

1001 HPa 1002 HPa 1005 HPa

What wind conditions would you expect to find at sea level at 35°S 11°E? a) b) c)

JANUARY 2004

Light westerly wind Light northerly wind Light easterly wind


PAGE 79 of 102



ANSWERS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

JANUARY 2004

A B C A C B B A A C C B B A A B C B C A C B A C B B B B C B B A A B B A C C C B B B B B B

46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

B A B B A A C B B A B B A B C C B A A C C C B A C A A C A A B C C A A A A B C C B C B B B


91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135

C B C C A B A A C B B C A C A B A A A A C B A B A A B C C C C A C A A B B A C C C B B B A

PAGE 80 of 102



136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180

JANUARY 2004

B B C B C B C B A A C B C B C C C C B C B B B B C A A A B B A B A B B A C C C C A B C C B

181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225

C B A C B C B A C A A C C C B C C A C A A B B B B A A B A A A C A A B C B B B B C B A C B


226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270

B C C C B A A A B A B C C B C D A A B A A C B A D C B B A A C C C A B A D A D B B C B A C

PAGE 81 of 102



271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315

JANUARY 2004

C A C D B C A A A B B B B C C A C B B C C A A C A A A C A B A B A B C B B B B A A A C B A

316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360

A C B A B B A C C B A C A A C A C A A B A B C A B C A B C C C B A B C B A A B B B B B A C


361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405

A C B B A A A C A B B C B C A A C B C B B B A C A A A A C A A C C B A C A B A C B B B C B

PAGE 82 of 102



406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450

JANUARY 2004

B B A C B C B B A C C A B B C A A A B B B C B A B B C B C B B A C B A A C C B A A C A A B

451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495

A A B A B C B B A A A B B C C B B C A C C C B B B B A B C A C B B C B A C A C C B A A C A


496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540

C B A B C A C C B B A C A A B C B A C B B B A C A A A C A C C A C B C A C B C B C C A B A

PAGE 83 of 102



541 542 543 544 545 546

JANUARY 2004

A B C A A C

547 548 549 550 551 552

B B

553 554

B A

B C A A


PAGE 84 of 102



PAGE 1 SYNOPTIC SYMBOLS

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 85 of 102



PAGE 2 PRESENT WEATHER SYNOPTIC SYMBOLS

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 86 of 102



PAGE 3 STATION MODEL 1

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 87 of 102



PAGE 4 STATION MODEL 1

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 88 of 102



PAGE 5 SYMBOLS FOR SIGNIFICANT WEATHER

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 89 of 102



PAGE 6 SIGNIFICANT PRESENT WEATHER

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 90 of 102



PAGE 7 SIGNIFICANT WEATHER LOW

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 91 of 102



PAGE 8 SIGNIFICANT WEATHER MEDIUM

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 92 of 102



PAGE 9 SIGNIFICANT WEATHER HIGH

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 93 of 102



PAGE 10

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 94 of 102



PAGE 11

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 95 of 102



PAGE 12 UPPER LEVEL WINDS

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 96 of 102



PAGE 13 AERODROME ACTUALS

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 97 of 102



PAGE 14 AERODROME FORECASTS

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 98 of 102



PAGE 15 SYNOPTIC CHART 1

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 99 of 102



PAGE 16 SYNOPTIC CHART 2

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 100 of 102



PAGE 17 SYNOPTIC WEATHER CHART 3

JANUARY 2004


PAGE 101 of 102


Question Bank Meteorology for ATPL

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