UNIVERSIDAD UNIVERSI DAD LAICA LAI CA ELOY ALFARO ALFARO DE MANABI METODOLOGIA DE LA INVESTIGACION
FACTIBILIDAD DEL USO DEL HORMIGÓN ARMADO - HORMI2
NOMBRE: ALVIA ALVIA ANCHUNDIA LUIS HERNAN
PROFESOR(A): Ing. Carmita Jimenez
CURSO: 3ro “! Ing. Ci"i#
INDICE INTRODUCCION........... INTRODUCCION..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ......................................... ............................... 4 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA.............. PROBLEMA......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........... 5 JUSTIFICACION........... JUSTIFICACION...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................ ......................6 6 OBJETIVOS............ OBJETIVOS....................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........................... ................ 7 General................ General.......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................................. ................................... 7 Ese!"#!$s.............. Ese!"#!$s......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .......................................... ............................... 7 MARCO MARCO TEORICO................ TEORICO.......................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... .................................. ....................... % &$r'()............... &$r'().......................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................................... .................................... % Ma*er(ales + C$'$nen*es ,*(l(-a$s en el S(s*e'a C$ns*r,!*(/$ M0) ........1 S(s*e'a es*r,!*,ral................. es*r,!*,ral............................ ..................... ..................... ..................... .................................. ........................23 23 Ven*aas................. en*aas............................ ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........................................ .............................. 2 Des/en*aas............ Des/en*aas...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....................................... ............................... 25 CONCLUSIONES..... CONCLUSIONES................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... .................................. ....................... 26 BIBLIOGRAFIA.......... BIBLIOGRAFIA..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................ ...................... 27 ANEOS......... ANEOS.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................ ..................... 2%
INTRODUCCION A me$i$a %&e 'a(a e# tiem'o ) #a (o*ie$a$ *re*e+ e# entorno $e #a *on(tr&**i,n inno"a (er"i*io( (er"i*io( ) 'ro$&*to( 'ro$&*to( 'ara -rin$ar -rin$ar meor meor (eg&ri$a$ (eg&ri$a$++ *on/ort+ *a#i$a$ *a#i$a$ ) e*onom0a e*onom0a *on -ao im'a*to am-ienta# a #a 1&mani$a$. Con e# /in $e (ati(/a*er e(ta( ne*e(i$a$e( e# entorno $e #a *on(tr&**i,n (e 1a "a#i$o $e $i"er(a( t2*ni*a( *on(tr&*ti"a(. La( *&a#e( (e 1a i$o 'er/e**ionan$o a raz,n $e (& 'ro'ia e"o#&*i,n *ient0/i*a+ t2*ni*a ) (o*ia#.
E( 'or e(to %&e en e# 're(ente 're(ente tra-ao in"e(tigati"o in"e(tigati"o (e -&(*a %&e e# &(&ario &(&ario (e'a $e #a /a*ti-i#i$a$ %&e tiene e(te inno"a$or 'ro$&*to 'ara #a *on(tr&**i,n ##ama$o Hormi 4Hormig 4Hormig,n ,n Arma$ Arma$o5+ o5+ -a(a$ -a(a$aa en e# an6#i( an6#i(i( i( in"e(t in"e(tiga igati" ti"oo $e e(te e(te (i(tem (i(temaa 'ara 'ara a(0 a(0 in*enti"ar &na n&e"a *t&ra en #a *on(tr&**i,n ) a(0 'o$er 'ermitir &n "er$a$ero 'rogre(o en n&e(tro n&e(tro "i"ir $iario.
E(te E(te (i(t (i(tem emaa *on( *on(tr tr&* &*ti ti"o "o 'erm 'ermite ite a# 'ro/ 'ro/e( e(io iona na## $e #a *on( *on(tr tr&* &**i *i,n ,n++ e# *&a# *&a# e( re('on(a-#e $e #a (eg&ri$a$ ) $e #a e*onom0a $e (&( *#iente(+ (ea *a'az $e o/re*er $i"er(a( (o#&*ione( *on(tr&*ti"a( %&e '&e$an a$a'tar(e a #a( ne*e(i$a$e( e('e*0/i*a( $e *a$a &(&ario+ #&gar ) 'ro)e*to+ ) a(0 'o$er e(ta-#e*er (i e( /a*ti-#e o no #a intro$&**i,n $e e(te e(te n&e" n&e"oo (i(t (i(tem emaa *on( *on(tr tr&* &*ti ti"o "o.. 7ara 7ara e(to e(to e# 'ro/ 'ro/e( e(io iona na## $e-e $e-e 'art 'artir ir $e# $e# *ono*imiento '#eno $e #a /a*ti-i#i$a$ $e &(o $e $i*1o (i(tema. A$em6( e(te (i(tema -&(*a (er #0$er en e# mer*a$o $e (o#&*ione( a#ternati"a( $e *on(tr&**i,n en E*&a$or ) 7er8+ *ontri-&)en$o *on #a *a#i$a$ $e "i$a ) e# *&i$a$o $e# me$io am-iente.
PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 7or m&*1o tiem'o e# *omer*io 1a i$o *re*ien$o en e# m&n$o en to$o #o re/eri$o a *on(tr&**ione(+ 'or en$e o-tenien$o m6( *#iente#a+ gener6n$o#e a #a mi(ma #imita*i,n $e tiem'o ) $inero+ e( 'or e(ta raz,n %&e en #a a*t&a#i$a$ (e 1a -&(*a$o n&e"o( m2to$o( en e# 6m-ito $e #a *on(tr&**i,n 4"i"ien$a(+ e$i/i*io(+ et*.5+ ) a(0 rem'#azar #a( t2*ni*a( tra$i*iona#e(. Ana#izan$o e(te n&e"o (i(tema( $e *on(tr&**i,n ) #a /a*ti-i#i$a$ %&e tenga e# mi(mo en re(i(ten*ia+ (eg&ri$a$+ e*onom0a ) a(0 (ati(/a*er to$a( #a( ne*e(i$a$e( $e #a *#iente#a.
JUSTIFICACION En n&e(tro 'a0( a# momento $e *on(tr&ir &na e$i/i*a*i,n #a( t2*ni*a( $e *on(tr&**i,n tra$i* tra$i*ion iona#e a#e(( (ig&en (ig&en (ien$o (ien$o #a( m6( m6( &ti#iza &ti#iza$a $a(+ (+ e( 'or e(ta e(ta raz,n raz,n %&e #a 're(en 're(ente te in"e(tiga*i,n (&rge *omo re(ta$o $e #a -8(%&e$a $e n&e"o( 'ro*e(o( *on(tr&*ti"o( %&e 'ermitan e(ta-#e*er &na e"o#&*i,n en #a *on(tr&**i,n a1orr6n$o#e tiem'o ) $inero a# *ontrati(ta ) *#iente+ 'ara a(0 'o$er e(ta-#e*er &n *om'arati"o $e /a*ti-i#i$a$ %&e tiene #o( n&e"o( (i(tema( $e *on(tr&**i,n *on #a( t2*ni*a( $e *on(tr&**i,n tra$i*iona#e(
OBJETIVOS
Gener!
Rea#iz Rea#izar ar e# an6#i( an6#i(i( i( $e /a*ti/a*ti-i#i$ i#i$a$ a$ a# &(o $e# (i(tem (i(temaa *on *on(tr (tr&*t &*ti"o i"o Hormi Hormi a'#i*a$o 'ara #a *on(tr&**i,n $e e$i/i*a*ione(.
E"#e$%&'$":
Cono*er e# Si(tema Con(tr&*ti"o HORMI 41ormig,n arma$o5
Cono*er #a( "entaa( ) $e("entaa( $e# Si(tema Con(tr&*ti"o HORMI 'ara (& &(o en #a *on(tr&**i,n $e e$i/i*a*ione(.
Cono*er materia#e( ) eta'a( *on(tr&*ti"a( $e e(te (i(tema *on(tr&*ti"o Hormi.
MARCO TEORICO Hr'2 Hormi e( &n mo$erno (i(tema *on(tr&*ti"o $e 1ormig,n arma$o+ /orma$o 'or 'ane#e( mo$are( 'ro$&*i$o( in$&(tria#mente. S& /&n*i,n e(tr&*t&ra# e( garantiza$a 'or $o( ma##a( $e a*ero ga#"aniza$o e#e*tro9(o#$a$a(+ &ni$a( entre (0 a tra"2( $e *one*tore( $e a*ero tam-i2n ga#"aniza$o /orman$o &na e(tr&*t&ra e('a*ia#+ %&e en*ierra en (& interior &na '#a*a $e 'o#i9e(tireno 4E7S5 e:'an$i$o+ #a *&a# a(eg&ra &n ai(#amiento termo9 a*8(ti*o. Una "ez *o#o*a$o( en o-ra (e a;a$en $o( *a'a( $e mi*ro 1ormig,n ) (e o-tiene &na e(tr&*t&ra (i(mo re(i(tente+ /orma$a 'or m&ro( 'ortante(+ #o(a( ) e(*a#era(. E# (i(tema 'ermite rea#izar *on(tr&**ione( $e 1a(ta < 'i(o(+ en *&a#%&ier ti'o#og0a ) $i(e;o ar%&ite*t,ni*o.
La mar*a mar*a ita#ia ita#iana na Emme$ Emme$&e &e *on *on&n &ntam tament entee *on M&t&a M&t&a#i( #i(ta ta 7i*1in 7i*1in*1a *1a++ montan montan #a em're(a e*&atoriana 7ANECONS *on (& '#anta in$&(tria# e%&i'a$a *on te*no#og0a $e '&nta+ &-i*a$a en #a *i&$a$ $e Lata*&nga+ ) (e $e$i*a a #a /a-ri*a*i,n ) *omer* *omer*ia# ia#iza iza*i, *i,nn $e# (i(te (i(tema ma *on *on(tr (tr&*t &*ti"o i"o 1ormi 1ormi.. E(ta E(ta (e 'ro$&* 'ro$&*ee -ao -ao norma norma ) #i*en*ia ita#iana $e# gr&'o Emme$&e+ ) 1a (i$o 'ro-a$o ) &ti#iza$o a ni"e# m&n$ia# 'or m6( $e 3< a;o( *on => '#anta( in$&(tria#e( in(ta#a$a( en #o( = *ontinente(. En E*&a$or+ #a '#anta entra en /&n*ionamiento en enero $e# <<=. 7ara e# < (e 'o(i*iona *omo #a meor '#anta $e 'ro$&**i,n en e# m&n$o+ (ien$o e#egi$a #a (e$e 'ara #a 7rimera Con"en*i,n M&n$ia# $e# (i(tema *on(tr&*ti"o ita#iano Emme$&e. D&rante e# me( $e Di*iem-re $e# <<@+ (e #ogra #a 'ro$&**i,n $e 3.?@B m $e 'ane#e(+ &n Re*or$ M&n$ia# $entro $e #a( '#anta( $e Emme$&e. Ha(ta e# momento+ (e 1an in(ta#a$o m6( $e B=<<.<<< m $e 'ane#er0a a ni"e# na*iona#+ e( $e*ir+ m6( $e 3<<< "i"ien$a( en $i/erente( 'ro)e*to(+ E$i/i*io( $e O/i*ina(+ De'artamento( $e L&o+ Hote#e(+ Con&nto( Ha-ita*io Ha-ita*iona#e( na#e(++ In$&(tria#e In$&(tria#e(+ (+ Comer*io+ Comer*io+ E(*&e#a(+ E(*&e#a(+ et*.+ ) 1emo( 1emo( e:'o e:'orta$o rta$o m6( $e @<.<<< m. A 'arti 'artirr $e a-ri# a-ri# $e# $e#
M*er'!e" + C#nen*e" ,*'!'." en e! S'"*e Cn"*r,$*'/ M-2 7ane#e(.9orma$o( 'or $o( ma##a( $e a*ero ga#"aniza$o %&e e(t6n a$o(a$a( a #a( *ara( $e &na '#a*a *entra# on$a$a $e 'o#ie(tireno e:'an$i$o. Tienen &n an*1o e(t6n$ar $e B.B@ *m ) 1a(ta m $e #ongit&$ e(t6n$ar ) B< m $e #argo e:traor$inario E# 7o#ie(tireno.9 De ti'o B 4$en(i$a$ $e B< a B= gFm35+ *orta$o en /a-ri*a ) $e (&'er/i*ie on$a$a+ *&m'#e *on #a /&n*i,n $e -rin$ar rigi$ez a# 'ane# 'ara /a*i#itar (& in(ta#a*i,n ) mani'a*i,n+ a$em6( $e a'ortar (&( 'ro'ie$a$e( *omo ai(#ante t2rmi*o ) a*8(ti*o+ (ien$o a(0 #a tran(mi(i,n $e *a#or $e <+? Fmo en &n e('e(or $e B< *m+ *om'ara-#e a &n m&ro $e #a$ri##o( $e @< *m. Tam-i2n (ir"e *omo a'orte a# mortero /re(*o en o-ra )a %&e *o#a-ora en #a *a'a*i$a$ e(tr&*t&ra# a# /rag&ar e# *emento+ (ir"ien$o $e (e'ara$or 'ara a&mentar #a iner*ia. E# A*ero.9 Tiene &n #0mite 'ro'or*iona# $e /#&en*ia $e =.=<< gF*m+ #o( $i6metro( "ar0an (eg8n e# ti'o $e 'ane# ) #a $ire**i,n *on(i$era$a. *on(i$era$a. La( ma##a( ) #o( *one*tore( (on e#e*tro (o#$a$o( en /6-ri*a+ a$em6( (iem're #a ma##a $e a*ero $e-er6 (o-re(a#ir $e# -or$e $e# 'ane# 'ara 'ermitir (& (o#a'e *on e# (ig&iente ) /ormar &n *erramiento (in $i(*ontin&i$a$e(. Mortero( Hormigone(.9 Hormigone(.9 Lo( *om'onente( $e #o( mi(mo( $e-er6n *&m'#ir *on #a( *on *ara*ter0(ti*a( *omo Kri$o( $e 1a(ta = mm $e $imen(i,n ma)or 'ara e# mortero+ e(tar6 e(tar6nn #i-re( #i-re( $e e#eme e#emento nto(( org6ni org6ni*o( *o( e im'&re im'&reza za(( 4arena 4arena ter*ia ter*ia$a $a $e 're/er 're/eren* en*ia5 ia5 Cemento ti'o 'ort#an$+ /re(*o ) $e -&ena *a#i$a$. A$iti"o( (e 'o$r6n &(ar a$iti"o( a*e#er a*e#erant ante( e( e 1i$r,/& 1i$r,/&go( go( %&e no inter/ inter/ier ieran an *on *on #a a$1 a$1ere eren*i n*iaa $e #o( morter mortero( o( ) 1ormigone( entre *a'a( $e a'#i*a*i,n. La 'ro'or*i,n $e e#emento( 6ri$o(+ *emento ) ag&a $e-er6 (er *a#*a$a $e a*&er$o a #a( *on$i*ione( $e #a e$i/i*a*i,n ) (& entorno. Ma##a( A&:i#iare(.9 E(t6n *on(tr&i$a( *on e# mi(mo ti'o $e a*ero %&e /orman #o( 'ane#e( 4a*ero ga#"aniza$o5+ *on &n $i6metro $e a#am-re $e += mm. 7ermiten *on(eg&ir &na *ontin&i$a$ $e #a arma$&ra en"o#"ente $e# 'o#ie(tireno. 0 E*# $n"*r,$*'/ 1 Re'#anteo ) /&n$a*i,n 4*ana#iza*ione( -ao 'i(o in*#&i$a(5 2 Re'#anteo+ a'#oma$o+ montae ) a'&nta#amiento interior $e m&ro( Co#o*a*i,n $e re/&erzo *on ma##a( a&:i#iare( 4in*#&(i"e #a( $e e('era $e #o(a(5. 3 Cana#iza*ione( Cana#iza*ione( en #o( m&ro( e in(ta#a*i,n $e 're mar*o( 4(i *orre('on$e5. 4 A'#oma$o ) 'ro)e**i,n $e# mortero (o-re m&ro( interiore(. 5 Montae $e 'ane#e( $e *&-ierta( ) (&( ma##a( a&:i#iare(. 6 A'&nta#amiento $e #o(a(. 7 Cana#iza*ione( Cana#iza*ione( en #o(a( 8 A'#i*a*i,n $e mortero e(tr&*t&ra# en *ie#orra(o 4Ba. *arga5 19 L#ena$o $e #o(a 11 De(a'&nta#amiento De(a'&nta#amiento $e #o(a( 12 Com'#etar a'#i*a*i,n $e mortero e(tr&*t&ra# a# *ie#orra(o 4$a. *arga5 1 Co#o*a*i,n $e a-ert&ra( 4(i no (e '&(ieron ante(5
S'"*e e"*r,$*,r! E! Pne! S'#!e M.,!r E"*r,$*,r! (PSME) E# 7ane 7ane## Sim' Sim'#e #e Mo$& Mo$a #arr E(tr E(tr&* &*t& t&ra ra## 47SM 47SME5 E5 (e &(a &(a *omo *omo e(tr e(tr&* &*t& t&ra ra $e m&ro m&ro(( 'ortante( en *on(tr&**ione( $e 1a(ta = 'i(o(+ *on #anza$o $e mi*ro 1ormig,n en am-a( *ara *ara(( &ti#i &ti#iza za$o $o(( en 'are 'are$e $e(+ (+ e(*a e(*a#e #era ra(( ) #o(a #o(a(( $e *&-i *&-ier erta ta $e'e $e'en$ n$ie ien$ n$oo $e #a *on/ig&ra*i,n $e #a o-ra. En 'are$e( e(tr&*t&ra#e( (e *on(i$era &n e('e(or $e 'o#ie(tireno m0nimo $e > *m. *on &n re"o%&e $e mi*ro 1ormig,n $e 3 *m. 'or #a$o 4(on += *m. (o-re #a ma##a5+ $e re(i(ten*ia /*B< gF*m.
E! Pne! D!e E# 7ane# Do-#e (e *on/orma $e $o( 'ane#e( (im'#e( &ni$o( entre (0 'or *one*tore( $e a*ero $e a#ta re(i(ten*ia ) (e &(a *omo e(tr&*t&ra $e m&ro( 'ortante( en *on(tr&**ione( $e 1a(ta < 'i(o(+ *on &n *o#a$o $e 1ormig,n en e# *entro $e #o( $o( 'ane#e( ) &n #anza$o $e# mi*ro 1ormi rmig,n en am-a( *ara( e:terna( $e# 'ane# $o-#e. E# e('e(or $e# *o#a$o $e 1ormig,n en e# interior $e# 'ane# $o-#e a(0 *omo e# ti'o $e 1ormig,n a &ti#izar(e+ $e'en$e $e #a( *ara*ter0(ti*a( ) (o#i*ita*ione( a #a( %&e '&e$e e(tar (ometi$a #a *on(tr&**i,n.
E! Pne! .e E"$!er E# 7ane# $e E(*a#era (e *on/orma $e &n -#o%&e $e 'o#i e(tireno e:'an$i$o+ *orta$o ) mo#$ea$o $e a*&er$o a #a( ne*e(i$a$e( $e# *#iente+ %&e en (& 'arte e:terior 'o(ee ma##a( $e a*er a*eroo ig&a ig&a## mo#$e o#$ea$ a$a( a(++ &ni$ &ni$a( a( entr entree (0 'or 'or *one *one*t *tor ore( e( e#e* e#e*tr troo (o#$ (o#$a$ a$o. o. La a$e*&a$a *o#o*a*i,n $e #o( re/&erzo( ) $e# 1ormig,n+ $an a e(te 'ane# &na a#ta re(i(ten*ia %&e #e 'ermite (er &ti#iza$o en (itio( $e a#to tr6/i*o o $e &na a#ta *arga "i"a *omo *o#egio(+ -an*o(+ 1ote#e(+ et*. 7or (& /orma ) 'e(o e( $e r6'i$a ) /6*i# *o#o*a*i,n+ (im'#i/i*an$o ) a1orran$o en m&*1o( a('e*to( #a *on(tr&**i,n $e e(to( e#emento(.
Pne! ne/r. .e !"
E(te 'ane# '&e$e tener $e &na a $o( ner"a$&ra( 'or 'ane# en (& an*1o $e B.B@ m. En e(ta e(ta(( ner" ner"a$ a$&r &ra( a( (e *o#o *o#o*a *ann re/& re/&er erzo zo(( $e a*er a*eroo 'ara 'ara #&eg #&egoo "ert "ertir ir e# 1orm 1ormig ig,n ,n++ "o#" "o#"i2 i2n$ n$o# o#a( a( e(tr e(tr&* &*t& t&ra ra(( &ni$ &ni$ir ire* e**i *ion ona# a#e( e( %&e %&e 'erm 'ermit iten en *&-r *&-rir ir gran gran$e $e(( #&*e #&*e(. (. Se &ti#iza en #o(a( $e entre'i(o( ) *&-ierta(+ ) $e'en$e #a( ne*e(i$a$e( ) e(/&erzo( a #o( %&e (e (ometan $i*1o( e#emento(. E# e('e(or $e# 'o#ie(tireno '&e$e (er $e B a > *m ) *a'a $e *om're(i,n $e 1ormig,n $e = *m. ) *a'a in/erior $e mi*ro 1ormig,n $e 3 *m.
M!! n;,!r E( &na ma##a $e a*ero ga#"aniza$o e#e*tro(o#$a$o+ $e $i6metro .= mm. La Ma##a Angar $e Re/&erzo 4MA5 e( &ti#iza$a en to$o( #o( (itio( $on$e (e /orman 6ngo( entre 'ane#e( tanto "erti*a#e( *omo 1orizonta#e(+ *omo (on entre 'ane#e( $e 'are$+ #o(a $e entre'i(o *on 'are$+ #o(a $e *&-ierta *on 'are$ ) entre 'ane#e( $e *&-ierta(. S& *o#o*a*i,n e( 'or am-o( #a$o( ) (e /ian a #o( 'ane#e( *on amarre( $e a#am-re( $e a*ero re*o*i$o No. B@ o gra'a( $e amarre.
Ven*<"
Pr e! $n"*r,$*r E# (i(tem (i(temaa Hormi Hormi o/re* o/re*ee "aria( "aria( "en "enta taa( a( 'ara 'ara e# *on(t *on(tr&* r&*tor tor.. A1 A1orr orroo $e tiem'o tiem'o++ re$& re$&** **i, i,nn $e *o(t *o(to( o(++ *a#i$ *a#i$a$ a$ $e *on( *on(tr& tr&** **i, i,n+ n+ (o#i$ (o#i$ez ez++ re(i re(i(t (ten en*i *iaa anti anti(0 (0(m (mi* i*a+ a+ $&ra-i#i$a$+ "er(ati#i$a$+ ai(#amiento termoa*8(ti*o ) /a*i#i$a$ $e &(o+ (ien$o a'#i*a-#e( en to$o ti'o $e *on(tr&**i,n.
L'/'n: A# &ti#izar &na a#ma $e 'o#ie(tireno e:'an$i$o+ e# m $e# 'ane# 'e(a gFm #o %&e #o 1a*e $e /6*i# manio-ra-i#i$a$ ) mani'a*i,n+ ) en #a o-ra no (e rea#izan e:*a"a*ione( e:*a"a*ione( 'ro/&n$a(. R#'.e $n"*r,$*'/: E# (i(tema 'ermite &n a1orro $e 1a(ta e# >< en tiem'o $e ee*&*i,n en o-ra m&erta. F=$'! $n"*r,$$'>n: E( &n (i(tema $e /6*i# tran('orta*i,n e in(ta#a*i,n. Meora e# ren$im ren$imien iento to $e# 'er(on 'er(ona# a# *on *ontra trata$ ta$oo en o-ra+ o-ra+ ) e:i(t e:i(tee &na re$&* re$&**i, *i,nn $e 'er(o 'er(ona na## e('e*ia#iza$o. A$em6(+ en (& 'ro*e(o *on(tr&*ti"o no (e re%&iere 'i*ar ) re(anar #a( 'are$e( 'ara #a( #a( in(ta#a*ione(. Re"'"*en*e: A# 'o(eer &na ma##a $e a*ero e#e*tro(o#$a$a a *a$a #a$o+ %&e #&ego $e (er re"e(ti$a( *a$a &na *on &n mi*ro 1ormig,n+ e# (i(tema o/re*e &na a#ta re(i(ten*ia %&e tran(mite (eg&ri$a$ ) /orta#eza a# (er &na e(tr&*t&ra e('a*ia# (i(more(i(tente. Ver"=*'!: Se a$a' a$a'ta ta a *&a# *&a#%& %&ie ierr $eta $eta## ##ee *on( *on(tr tr&* &*ti ti"o "o++ (in (in im'o im'ort rtar ar (& ti'o ti'o#o #og0 g0aa o ar%&it ar%&ite*t e*t&ra &ra++ $6n $6n$o# $o#ee a# *on(t *on(tr&* r&*tor tor m8#ti' m8#ti'#e( #e( 'o(i'o(i-i#i$ i#i$a$e a$e(( $e a'#i*a a'#i*a*i, *i,n+ n+ a8n en *on$i*ione( o'erati"a( $i/i*to(a( , en *on$i*ione( *#im6ti*a( a$"er(a(. A?rr .e *er'!e": 7ro'or*iona &n a1orro $e *o(to( (igni/i*ati"o( a# $i(min&ir e# &(o $e en*o/ra$o(+ ma$era+ e(tr&*t&ra+ *#a"o(+ et*+ #o *&a# *ontri-&)e $ire*tamente en -aar *o(to( $e #a "i"ien$a. L'#'e en r: Re$&*e *on(i$era-#emente e# $e(a#oo $e $e('er$i*io( ) -a(&ra genera$o(+ "o#"i2n$o#a &na o-ra m6( #im'ia. Menr *'e# .e 'n/er"'>n: La ra'i$ez $e *on(tr&**i,n 'ermite %&e #a o-ra (ea entrega$a en menor tiem'o+ #o %&e 'ermite tam-i2n+ %&e #a re*&'era*i,n $e# $inero (ea m6( r6'i$a.
Pr e! ,",r'
E# &(&ario /ina# $e #a "i"ien$a o-tiene *on Hormi &na *on(tr&**i,n m6( (eg&ra ) *on/orta-#e+ %&e ning8n otro (i(tema *on(tr&*ti"o #e '&e$e -rin$ar.
A'"!n*e *@r'$: 7ro'ie$a$ $e# a#ma $e 'o#ie(tireno &ti#iza$o en #o( 'ane#e(+ %&e -rin$a &n am-iente interior *on/orta-#e (in im'ortar (i e# *#ima %&e e(t2 /&era $e #a "i"ien$a+ tanto en e# /r0o o en e# *a#or+ mantenien$o a$em6( #a tem'erat&ra interior #o *&a# garantiza &n a1orro $e energ0a *&an$o (e &ti#iza *a#e/a**i,n o aire a*on$i*iona$o. R#'.e $n"*r,$*'/ La "i"ien$a e( entrega$a en menor '#azo %&e a# tra$i*iona#+ (in %&e tenga %&e e('erar $ema(ia$o tiem'o. Se;,r'..: De-i$o a %&e #o( m&ro( (e *on"ierten en 'are$e( $e a#ta re(i(ten*ia+ no '&e$e (er $e(tr&i$a $e(tr&i$a en *a(o $e ro-o o "an$a#i(mo. "an$a#i(mo. Re"'"*en$' ! &,e;: Lo( 'ane#e( a# en*ontrar(e *&-ierto( *on e# mi*ro 1ormig,n a *a$a #a$o+ 'ermite %&e &na 'are$ termina$a e:'&e(ta $ire*tamente a# /&ego tar$e B< min&to( en retraer(e+ #o %&e (&'era a# "a#or $e &na 'are$ $e #a$ri##o ma*izo %&e e( $e 3< min&to(. S'" re"'"*en$': re"'"*en$': rin$a #a (eg&ri$a$ ) re(i(ten*ia %&e *&a#%&ier 'er(ona -&(*a en &na "i"ien$a a# (er (i(more(i(tente+ #o *&a# garantiza (& $&ra-i#i$a$ /rente a &n (i(mo. A'"!n*e A'"!n*e $"*'$: $"*'$: E# 'o#ie( 'o#ie(tire tireno no e( &n materi materia# a# a#tame a#tamente nte a*8(t a*8(ti*o i*o++ '&e '&e(( 'ermite 'ermite a-(or-er /re*&en*ia( a#ta(+ me$ia( ) -aa( 'ro'or*ionan$o &n am-iente *on/orta-#e (in mo#e(tia(+ *&m'#ien$o *on #a( norma( $e *ontro# $e r&i$o(.
De"/en*<" No e:i(ten normati"a( e('e*0/i*a( $i*ta$a( 'or #o( organi(mo( 'ertinente( $e *ontro# '8-#i*o %&e rian #a *on(tr&**i,n *on (i(tema( a#ternati"o(+ *omo e# m raz,n 'or #a *&a# #a *a#i$a$ *on(tr&*ti"a $e'en$er6 $e# a*ierto $e #a( $e*i(ione( t2*ni*a( %&e tome e# en*arga$o $e #a o-ra.
E# im'a*to $e #a *on(tr&**i,n $e &na "i"ien$a *on##e"a a &n $etermina$o (e*tor e( re#a re#ati" ti"oo )a %&e %&e e(te e(te '&e$ '&e$ee "ari "ariar ar no (o#o (o#o en *on( *on(i$ i$er era* a*i, i,nn a# ti'o ti'o $e Si(t Si(tem emaa *on(tr&*ti"o+ (i no en ma)or in/#&en*ia a# $i(e;o %&e e(ta 'o(ea ) *omo (e a*o'#e a# *onte:to.
D*" .'$'n!e" HORMI 1a in(ta#a$o m6( $e B=<<.<<< m $e 'a'e#er0a a ni"e# na*iona#. Ha 'ro"i(to $e 'ane#e( a m6( $e 3.<<< 'ro)e*to( a ni"e# na*iona#. Re*or$ m&n$ia# en /a-ri*a*i,n 3.?@B m en &n me(. Ha e:'orta$o m6( $e @<.<<< m $e 'ane#e(.
SISMORESISTENTE.9E( SISMORESISTENTE.9E( &n (i(tema (i(more(i(tene %&e /&n*iona *omo &na *aa en $on$e to$o( #o( e#emento( $e 'are$e( ) #o(a( (o'ortan e# (i(mo. AISLANTE TPRMICO.9E( &n ai(#ante T2rmi*o )a %&e &ti#iza 'o#ie(tireno e:'an$i$o en (&( 'ane#e( #o *&a# mantiene #a( tem'erat&ra( *on/orta-#e( ) e(ta-#e(. AISLANTE SONORO.9A0(#a e# (oni$o )a %&e *ontiene &n materia# %&e a-(or-e /re*&en*ia( a#ta(+ me$ia( ) -aa(+ 'ro'or*ionan$o &n am-iente (in mo#e(tia(. SEGURO.9De-i$o a %&e (e *on"ierten en 'are$e( $e 1ormig,n arma$o no 'o$r6n (er $e(tr&i$a( en *a(o $e "an$a#i(mo+ ro-o o in*en$io(.
CONCLUSIONES a termina$a #a in"e(tiga*i,n 'o$emo( a/irmar %&e e(te (i(tema $e *on(tr&**i,n #e re(tar0a m&) 8ti# a# 'ro/e(iona# $e #a *on(tr&**i,n )a %&e HORMI *&m'#e *on #a( *ara*ter0( *ara*ter0(ti*a( ti*a( -6(i*a( $e (eg&ri$a$ (eg&ri$a$ %&e &n (i(tema (i(tema *on(tr&*t *on(tr&*ti"o i"o re%&iere+ re%&iere+ a$em6( 'oten*ia *&a#i$a$e( *&a#i$a$e( $e e/i*ien*ia e/i*ien*ia en re(i(ten*ia ) "er(ati#i$a$. A$em6( e# &(&ario (e -ene/i*iar0a tanto en #a ra'i$ez 4'or %&2 a1orra &n >< $e tiem'o %&e &na *on(tr&**i,n tra$i*iona#5 ) tam-i2n e( /a*ti-#e en #o e*on,mi*o. 7o$emo( a;a$ir %&e e( m&) re('eta-#e *on e# me$io am-iente
BIBLIOGRAFIA
1tt'FFQQQ.1ormi.*om. 1tt'FF$('a*e.&t'#.e$&.e*F-it(treamFB3>= 1tt'FF$('a*e.&t'#.e $&.e*F-it(treamFB3>=?@FBB ?@FBB=?F3F<>.' =?F3F<>.'$/ $/ HORMI 9 7ROCEDIMIENTO CONSTRUCTIVO CONSTRUCTIVO **s899:::.+$,*,;e.!$'9:a*!=>-?@S$N
HORMI 9 CONSTRUCCION DE EDIICIOS **s899:::.+$,*,;e.!$'9:a*!=-C$F-OReBJ$
HORMI 9 ENSAO DE CARGA UNION LOSA MURO **s899:::.+$,*,;e.!$'9:a*!=nr@LACJ>
HORMI 9 TEST SISMICO **s899:::.+$,*,;e.!$'9:a*!=eEJM5DD%
ANEOS
7REGUNTAS RECUENTES
N /+ *ener &'",r" $n e"*e #r.,$* To$o 1ormig,n en *&a#%&ier (i(tema $e *on(tr&**i,n+ tien$e a /i(&rar(e. La( razone( '&e$en (er "aria( *omo #o( a(entamiento( a(entamiento( 'ro'io( %&e tienen #a( *on(tr&**ione( *on(tr&**ione( n&e"a(+ #a *anti$a$ $e ag&a %&e (e *o#o*a en e# 1ormig,n $&rante e# 'ro*e(o $e #a *on(tr&**i,n+ no *&rar e# 1ormig,n #&ego $e #o( 'rimero( $0a( $e 'ro)e*ta$o+ &na ma#a a'#i*a*i,n en #a *on(tr&**i,n+ *am-io( -r&(*o( $e tem'erat&ra+ entre otra(. La $i/eren*ia *on #o( (i(tema( tra$i*iona#e( e( %&e en e(te (i(tema (e 'ro$&*en mi*ro/i(&ra(+ (on m&) $e#ga$a( ) (iem're (on (&'er/i*ia#e(+ en ning8n *a(o (on e(tr&*t&ra#e(.
,@ #" $n ! e"#, &!e & !e E('&ma /#e: e( &na mar*a $e &n ti'o $e 'o#ie(tireno e:i(tente en e# mer*a$o. E# *om'onente -6(i*o $e #a e('&ma /#e: ) $e n&e(tro materia# e( e# 'o#ie(tireno+ #a $i/eren*ia %&e e:i(te e( %&e n&e(tro materia# e( igni/&go+ %&iere $e*ir %&e tiene &n gra$o $e (eg&ri$a$ 'ara #a *on(tr&**i,n ) 'o(ee *ierto( %&0mi*o( %&e #e "&e#"en a# materia# a&toe:ting&i-#e+ e( $e*ir %&e no e( *om-&(ti-#e.
S' !,e; ,'er re.e!r #,e. *r !" #re.e" La e(tr&*t&ra $e# (i(tema 1ormi e( a -a(e $e m&ro( 'ortante(+ %&iere $e*ir %&e to$a( #a( 'are$e( tran(miten #a( *arga( *arga( a# (&e#o 'or ta# moti"o+ no 1a) *omo $err&m-ar &na 'are$ (i e(to no e(ta-a 're"i(to ante( $e# *6#*o. Lo re*omen$a-#e e( %&e (e 1a-#e *on e# ingeniero *a#*i(ta $e# 'ro)e*to 'ara "er %&2 e( #o %&e (e 'o$r0a 1a*er.
En ,n *erre* &,er*e "' ;,n* Hormi tiene &na a#ta re(i(ten*ia )a %&e to$o( (&( e#emento( $e 'are$e( ) #o(a( (on $e 1ormig,n arma$o ) e(t6n amarra$o( entre (0 /orman$o &na *aa e(tr&*t&ra#+ %&e en *a(o $e &n (i(mo+ to$o( (&( e#emento( tra-aan mono#0ti*amente *omo &n (o#o *&er'o. E(to #e $a #a *ara*ter0(ti*a $e (er (i(more(i(tente.
Per'*e ! #re. #ner ,n "#r*e #r #!" !=#r" $,.r" E# 1orm 1ormig ig,n ,n %&e %&e (e 'ro) 'ro)e* e*ta ta en #a( #a( 'are 'are$e $e(( $e# $e# (i(t (i(tem emaa 1orm 1ormi i tiene tiene #a mi(m mi(maa re(i(ten*ia %&e e# &ti#iza$o en #a( *o#&mna( $e# (i(tema tra$i*iona# 4B< gF*m5. Una 'are$ $e *on(tr&**i,n tra$i*iona# 4-#o%&e5+ tiene &n e('e(or no ma)or a *m. $e 1ormig,n 'o-re &n -#o%&e no (&'era #o( 3< gF*m $e re(i(ten*ia ) a10 (&etamo( to$o en &na "i"ien$a. A# tener Hormi &na re(i(ten*ia $e B< gF*m+ e(o $em&e(tra %&e #e 'o$emo( *o#o*ar *&a#%&ier ti'o $e (o'orte. 7ara in(ta#ar *&a#%&ier e#emento tenemo( %&e rea#izar#o *on ta#a$ro ) ta*o i(1er.
Hr'2 e" =" e$n>'$ ,e e! "'"*e *r.'$'n! Si+ *&an$o e# (i(tema 1ormi e( &ti#iza$o $e /orma integra# 4'are$e(+ #o(a(+ *&-ierta( ) gra$a(5. Se a-arata en *imenta*i,n+ a# no tener m&*1a e:*a"a*i,n mano $e o-ra+ (e &ti#iza menor *anti$a$ $e re*&r(o( tran('orte ) montae+ a# (er m6( #i"iano ) "e#o*i$a$ *on(tr&*ti"a+ o-tenien$o meore( ren$imiento(.
E" #r!e ,e "e e*n 'n"e$*" r*ne" en ! #re. Lo( 'ane#e( e(t6n 1erm2ti*amente (e##a$o( *on &na *a'a $e 3 *m $e 1ormig,n 'or #o %&e (e "&e#"e im'enetra-#e 'ara *&a#%&ier anima#.
C,n*" #'"" "e #,e.en $n"*r,'r $n e"*e *er'! En e# (i(tema integra# *on &n 'ane# (im'#e (e '&e$e ##egar a *on(tr&ir = 'i(o(+ ) *on &n 'ane# $o-#e (e ##ega a #o( < 'i(o(. 'i(o(.
C> rre;! "' "e r#e ,n *,er% Ha) %&e 1a-#ar *on e# '#omero 'ara %&e rea#i*e e# tra-ao 'ero %&e &ti#i*e &na amo#a$ora 'ara *ortar ) #&ego $e rea#izar e# arreg#o+ $e-er6 re'oner #a ma##a ) a# *o#o*ar #a mez*#a $e-er6 &ti#izar &n a$iti"o 'ara 'egar 1ormig,n n&e"o *on 1ormig,n "ieo 'ara no tener 'ro-#ema( en e(e '&nto+ ig&a# %&e #o 1ar0a en &n (i(tema tra$i*iona#.
P,e. ?$er ,en*" .e $n"*r,$$'>n $n ?r'2 Si e( 'o(i-#e+ (iem're ) *&an$o e(te 're"i(to e(te *re*imiento en e# *6#*o e(tr&*t&ra#+ )a %&e #o %&e e(t6 *on(tr&i$o rea#mente e(t6 garantiza$o %&e "a a (o'ortar #a n&e"a *on(tr&**i,n. E(to e( a#go %&e $e-emo( tener en *&enta en *&a#%&ier ti'o $e (i(tema *on(tr&*ti"o. Otro '&nto %&e "a#e #a 'ena *on(i$erar+ e( %&e $entro $e 'ro)e*to( $e &r-aniza*i,n o *on&nto( 1a-ita*iona#e( 1a) reg#amento( %&e im'i$en e# *re*imiento $entro $e #a( *on(tr&**ione( 'or tema( $e mantener #a e(t2ti*a $e# 'ro)e*to+ 'or #o %&e e( im'ortante (a-er e(to ante( $e "en$er &n 'ro)e*to inmo-i#iario.
E! "'"*e e" =" !'/'n ,e e! !.r'!! + e! !,e ,e ene&'$' *en; $n e"* Si e( ma( #i"iano ) e(to 'ermite &ti#izar meno( re*&r(o(+ o-tener ma)ore( ren$imiento( ) o-tener menore( *o(to(.
E" ?e. E# 'o#ie(tireno e:'an$i$o e( &n materia# %&e /#ota en e# ag&a+ e( &n 1i$r,/&go+ %&iere $e*ir %&e no a-(or-e 1&me$a$+ m6( -ien #a re'e#e.
Pr,e !" #re.e" .e ?r'2 "n *n .e!;." La *a'a e(tr&*t&ra# $e 1ormig,n arma$o (iem're e( $e *m.+ en #a( 'are$e( e# 'o#ie(tireno a*t8a *omo ai(#ante termo 9 a*8(ti*o+ no e( ne*e(ario tener ma)or e('e(or 'ara o-tener *on/ort *on/ort $entro $e #a "i"ien$a "i"ien$a