Gdedsthrdj `h H`uocodÿe @drhoodÿe \hmdjecn `h H`uocodÿe. Fuãeuoj.
Destdtuodÿe H`uoctdvc „Euhstrc _hójrc `h ncs Ghroh`hs‗
Fuãeuoj.
DE_PDPXODßE H@XOCPDQC HGLNHGÃPDOC H DEEJQC@J\C
„EXH_P\C _HÓJ\C @H NC_ GH\OH@H_‗
\XGLJ C NC CO\H@DPCODßE Ocgldhgjs nc H@XOCODßE, ocgldhgjs PJ@J_
R\JTHOPJ H@XOCPDQJ DE_PDPXODJECN
Cprjvc`j gh`dceth \@ DHH E_G E² 220 <231 Gj`dadoc`j gh`dceth \@ DHH E_G E² 336 <23=
<238- <2<2 FXÃEXOJ ‟ RH\Û 3
D. @CPJ_ DEAJ\GCPDQJ_ DE_PDPXODJECNH_; 3.3. @ctjs Mhehrcnhs; - Ejglrh `h nc D.H. Oÿ`dmj gj`uncr `h nc D.H. Gj`cnd`c` Edvhnhs h`uoctdvjs quh ctdhe`h Purejs quh ctdhe`h @\H y XMHN c nc quh phrthehoh 3.<. Xldocodÿe; \hmdÿe Rrjvdeodc @dstrdtj Z @drhoodÿe `h nc D.H. Phnäajej H ‟ gcdn -
; HGLNHGÃPDOC EXH_P\C _HÓJ\C @H NC_ GH\OH@H_. ; 2<42868. ; H@XOCODßE LÃ_DOC \HMXNC\. ; _HOXE@C\DC @H GHEJ\H_. ; GCÓCEC T PC\@H. ; FXÃEXOJ. ; FXÃEXOJ. ; FXÃEXOJ. ; FXÃEXOJ. ; K\. R\JNJEMCODßE CTCEOJOFC ; 40?66?<40 ; dhhesgBfjtgcdn.ojg
E2 30=.
3.?. Ocrcothrçstdocs `h nc ojgued`c` h`uoctdvc -
Eûghrj `h shoodjehs Eûghrj `h hstu`dceths he nc Destdtuodÿe ; 386=; Gukhrhs 326=, y vcrjehs ?<< Eûghrj `h hstu`dceths prjgh`dj pjr shoodÿe Ocetd`c` `h Rhrsjecn @drhotdvj Ocetd`c` `h Rhrsjecn Khrãrqudoj Ocetd`c` `h Rhrsjecn @joheth Ejglrc`j Ocetd`c` `h Rhrsjecn @joheth Ojetrct`j Ocetd`c` `h Rhrsjecn Cuxdndcr Ocetd`c` `h Rhrsjecn C`gdedstrctdvj y _hrvdodj
; 86 ;?8 ;0 ;6 ; 11 ; 36 ;4 ; 3<
3.0. Njocn hsojncr; -
DD. <.3.
<.<.
Oje`dodÿe; Rrjpdj y uec pcrth prjpdh`c` `h nc M.X.H. „Nhjeodj Rrc`j‗ . Hxthesdÿe; 33 ?68, <2 g < Ãrhc ojestrud`c; 32 24?, 31 g < Ãrhc `h usj `h jtrjs hspcodjs; 3<4<.20 g< Eûghrj `h cgldheths; 32= ……
D@HEPD@C@ QD_DßE Cn <2<2; EXH_P\C DE_PDPXODßE H@XOCPDQC H_ NÇ@H\ \HMDJECN T ECODJECN RJ\ _X OCND@C@ COC@ÄGDOC, FXGCEÇ_PDOC, HGR\HE@H@J\C T CO\H@DPC@C. GD_DßE; _JGJ_ XEC XEC DE_PDPXODßE H@XOCPDQC HVDPJ_C AJ\GC@J\C @H H_PX@DCEPH_ SXH @H_C\\JNNCE _X_ OJGRHPHEODC_ RH\_JECNH_, COC@ÄGDOC_, R\J@XOPDQC_9 R\COPDOCE@J QCNJ\H_ ÄPDOJ_, O\D_PDCEJ_, OÇQDOJ_ T HOJNßMDOJ_ .
<.?. <.0.
NHGC;
NÇ@H\H_ @H NC \HMDßE OJE OCND@C@ H@XOCPDQC CO\H@DPC@C
R\DEODRDJ_
<
Ätdoc, hqud`c`, deonusdÿe, ocnd`c`, `hgjorcodc, dethrounturcnd`c`,ojeodheodc cgldhetcn, orhctdvd`c` h deejvcodÿe, cgjr, vd`c y ndlhrtc`. <.8.
QCNJ\H_ \hsphtj Csugdr oje`uotcs quh ejs jrdhethe c gcethehr nçgdths hetrh njs `hrhofjs `h njs jtrjs y njs euhstrjs. Ejrgcs gjrcnhs, ätdocs y kurç`docs \hspjescldnd`c`; Rhrgdtdrh ougpndr euhstrjs `hlhrhs y jlndmcodjehs he ajrgc jpjrtuec. Fjehstd`c` Mrctdtu` Pjnhrceodc Ncljrdjsd`c` y hgprhe`dgdhetj prj`uotdvj.
DDD.
RNCEHCGDHEPJ C GH@DCEJ RNC[J @DCMEß_PDOJ;
?.3. c. ?.<.
\HOJRDNCODßE @H NC DEAJ\GCODßE;
Ocrcothrçstdocs `h nc pjlncodÿe hsojncr `h nc ojgued`c`; h`c` hsojncr ; ?0848 hstu`dceths hstu`dceths hetrh ?.<.3. Ocetd`c` `h hstu`dceths `h nc njocnd`c` `h Fuãeuoj he h`c` vcrjehs y gukhrhs. Edvhn prdgcrdc ; vcrjehs =28= , gukhrhs hs`h 1844 Edvhn shoue`crdc ; vcrjehs 88?3 , gukhrhs 83?< 9 sh ouhetc oje 33 destdtuodjehs hstctcnhs fcodhe`j uec pjlncodÿe `h ; vcrjehs ?10= y gukhrhs ?<68, csç gdsgj thehgjs <4 destdtuodjehs prdvc`cs. ?.<.<. _hrvdodjs `h ctheodÿe he scnu` pcrc nc pjlncodÿe hsojncr; Nc DH ouhetc oje hn Fjspdtcn \hmdjecn `h Fuãeuoj y nc XPH_ `h Cpcrdodj Rjgcrhs, ?.<.?. Rrjoh`heodc `h nc pjlncodÿe hsojncr hsojncr `h nc ojgued`c` ; urlcej y urlcej gcrdmdecn. ?.<.0. Nhemuc gcthrec `h nc pjlncodÿe hsojncr y shmue`c nhemuc; hspcójn
?.?. Rrjlnhgãtdocs rhourrheths `h nc pjlncodÿe hsojncr .
Rrjlnhgãtdoc rhourrheth ( Deshmurd`c` odu`c`cec, pjoj dethräs he hn cprhe`dzckh, `hprhsdÿe, vdjnheodc kuvhedn, cnojfjndsgj, `rjmc`doodÿe, jlhsd`c`, fdphrcotdvd`c`, hsqudzjarhedc, hto.); Xej `h njs prjlnhgcs nctheths he tj`cs ncs Destdtuodÿe hs nc pjoc pcrtdodpcodÿe `h njs pc`rhs `h acgdndc quh gcyjrgheth sh `h`doce c su trclckj, nc gcyjrçc sje phrsjecs `h ue edvhn hojeÿgdoj pjr `hlckj `hn prjgh`dj, ej rhcndzce hn shmudgdhetj y cpjyj rhsphotdvj c sus ghejrhs fdkjs y ej csdsthe c ncs rhuedjehs prjmrcgc`cs pjr njs tutjrhs tutjrhs y/j phrsjecn `drhotdvj `h nc Destdtuodÿe H`uoctdvc. ?.0. Ocrcothrdzcodÿe `hn hstu`dceth y `h ncs acgdndcs
?.0.3. Ocrcothrdzcodÿe `h njs hstu`dceths Ocetd`c` `h hstu`dceths he h`c` hsojncr ; He nc cotucn`c` euhstrc Destdtuodÿe H`uoctdv c Hglnhgãtdoc‗E_G‗, ouhetc oje; 386= hstu`dceths hetrh vcrjehs y gukhrhs. E² `h pjlncodÿe hstu`dcetdn ahghedec; Euhstrc Destdtuodÿe ouhetc oje 3261 hstu`dceths. E² `h pjlncodÿe hstu`dcetdn gcsoundec; Euhstrc Destdtuodÿe ouhetc oje ?<< hstu`dceths. ?
Ehohsd`c`hs h`uoctdvcs hsphodcnhs EHH ; `hn tjtcn `h nc pjlncodÿe sh ouhetc oje hn 2,21?% `h hstu`dceths hsphodcnhs. @jgdedj `h d`djgcs ; Ocsthnncej \cemj htcrdj ; Hn rcemj htcrdj hs `h 33 c <2 cójs hs `h 46,6 % `h hstu`dceths sh heouhetrc he h`c` ejrgcn, sjnj `h hxtrch`c` shtdheh 3,< % `h hstu`dceths
?.0.<. Fdstÿrdoj `h njmrjs `h cprhe`dzckhs Ojguedocodÿe ; Hn edvhn `h njmrj `h 36 cn <2 `hn cój <23< cn <230 sh tdhehe uec vcrdcodÿe he hn pjrohetckh `h 2,4%, 0.2 % y 1.2% 9 sh jlshrvc ue deorhghetj ndmhrj `h 2,?%, c ?.3% cn <2309 nc ghtc `hn GDEH@X hs `h 34.3% pcrc hn <238,ojgpcrc`j oje nc Destdtuodÿe hn edvhn `h njmrj hs lckj. <230 sh tdhehe uec vcrdcodÿe he hn Gcthgãtdoc ; Hn edvhn `h njmrj `h 36 cn <2 `hn cój <23< cn <230 pjrohetckh `h <,1%, <.8% y ?.8% 9 `hn <23< cn <23? sh jlshrvc ue `hshesj `h 2.3, hetrh <23? cn <230 sh jlshrvc ue deorhghetj guy ndmhrj `h c 3% cn <2309 nc ghtc `hn GDEH@X hs `h 3=.?% pcrc pcrc hn <238,ojgpcrc`j oje nc Destdtuodÿe hn edvhn `h njmrj hs `hgcsdc`j lckj. Odheodc Phoejnjmçc y Cgldheth; Nc tclnc ejs de`doc ncs ejtcs `h tj`js njs hstu`dceths he njs cójs <23<,<23? y <230, he pjrohetckhs. Fcodhe`j uec ojgpcrcodÿe `hn cój <23< cn <230 sh jlshrvc quh hn edvhn `h njmrj `h njs hstu`dceths he ncs ejtcs `h 36 ‟ <2 , tdhehe uec vcrdcodÿe he hn pjrohetckh `h 2,6%, 2.8% y 3.<% 9 ejtãe`jsh uec the`heodc `hsohe`heth y csohe`heth he ncs ejtcs, sdhe`j ue edvhn lckj. Fdstjrçc Mhjmrcaçc T Hojejgdc ; Nc tclnc ejs de`doc ncs ejtcs `h tj`js njs hstu`dceths he njs cójs <233,<23<,<23? y <230, he pjrohetckh Fcodhe`j uec ojgpcrcodÿe `hn cój <233 cn <230 sh jlshrvc quh hn edvhn `h njmrj `h njs hstu`dceths he ncs ejtcs `h 36 ‟ <2 , tdhehe uec vcrdcodÿe he hn pjrohetckh `h 3%, 2.% y 3.<% 9 ejtãe`jsh uec the`heodc `hsohe`heth y csohe`heth he ncs ejtcs, phrj he ojgpcrcodÿe c nc ghtc `hn GDEH@X sh jlshrvc ue edvhn lckj he hn njmrj `h `h njs cprhe`dzckhs thedhe`j ojgj rhahrheodc hn ãrhc `h ojguedocodÿe, `c`j quh hs ue ãrhc `h nhtrcs. He ojeonusdÿe sh puh`h jlshrvcr hn edvhn `h njmrj he njs prhe`dzckhs `h njs hstu`dceths sh jlshrvc quh tdheh ue edvhn lckj
?.0.?. @hshrodÿe; @hn tjtcn `h gctrdounc`js he hn <23< ue 6% `h njs hstu`dceths auhrje rhtdrc`js y trcsnc`c`js `h nc D.H9 `h nc gdsgc ajrgc he hn <23? ue =.? % y he hn <230 ue 8.1%, ejtãe`jsh uec vcrdcodÿe `hsohe`heth he hn pjrohetckh, ocvh de`docr hn <23? nc Destdtuodÿe fcsuard`j nc rcodjecndzcodÿe `h ? shoodjehs `h njs 13quh theçcgjs fjy ojetcgjsoje 86 shoodjehs y nc quh pjr heojtrcrejs he `dahrheths oh`hs oje gjtdvj `h nc ojestruoodÿe fc `dsgdeud`jhn eûghrj `h hstu`dceths, nj quh ejs de`doc quh sh hstc phr`dhe`j hstu`dceths.
?.0.0. _dtucodÿe `h scnu` açsdoc y ghetcn ghetcn _cnu` açsdoc `h njs hstu`dceths ; Nc pjlncodÿe hstu`dcetdn suarh `h heahrgh`c`hs rhspdrctjrdcs hn 12% , `dcrrhdocs hn 02%, hstjgcocnhs <2 %, hn 38 % `jnjr `h oclhzc, ästcs sje ocusc`js pjr pcrãsdtjs, hn `hsoud`j `h fãldtjs cndghetcrdjs y jtrjs. _cnu` ghetcn; njs hstu`dceths prjvdhehe `h acgdndc `dsaueodjecnhs, `h pc`rhs y gc`rhs vdjnhetjs, ästjs c`jnhsoheths pjr hn pjoj cahotj quh rhodlhe, guhstrce rhlhn`dc, sje vdjnhetjs, rhqudhrdhe`j cyu`c psdojnÿmdoc.
?.0.8.
\hpjrth `h ojeandotjs y vdjnheodc hsojncr; 0
?.0.1.
_DOHQH ue rhpjrth, nj quh fcoh quhnjs ojeandotjs susdtc`js he nc destdtuodÿe sje sjnuodjec`js, phrj quh he nc heouhstc `h `dohglrh `hn<230 njs hstu`dceths gcedadhstce quh sÿnj hn << % sh heouetrce sctdsahofjs oje hn luhe trctj he hn cunc, y quh hn =6 % gcedadhstce quh ehohsdtc `crnhs ue ghkjr trctj `h `joheths c hstu`dceths, hetrh hstu`dceths, hxdstdhe`j nc ehohsd`c` `h tjgcr ctheodÿe. Hxphotctdvcs ; Hn mrc`j `h sctdsacoodÿe `h njs hstu`dceths oje nc destdtuodÿe hs <<,81 % . gcs j ghejs sctdsahofojs , y ehohsdtc euhstrc ctheodÿe ==.20%.
?.0.=. Ocrcothrdzcodÿe `h ncs acgdndc Edvhn sjodjhojeÿgdoj; he su gcyjrçc `h njs pc`rhs y gc`rhs `h acgdndc ocrhohe `h hgpnhjs adkjs, su edvhn demrhsj hs lckj, ej hs adkj. Edvhn j mrc`j `h destruoodÿe `h njs Rc`rhs `h acgdndc ; hn 03% `h pc`rhs sje `h edvhn shoue`crdc , hn <6% `h prdgcrdc, 3?% `h edvhn suphrdjr `h destdtutj, 32 % `h edvhn suphrdjr uedvhrsdtcrdj, 3% `h edvhn `h pjsmrc`j. Nhemuc gcthrec ; hn 6<% sje `h fclnc ocsthnncej Joupcodÿe; 8?% cgc `h ocsc , 3< % trclckc`jr `hn fjmcr, hn 4% trclckc`jr de`hphe`dheth, 6 % sh `h`doce c cotdvd`c`hs hojeÿgdocs ( cmrdountjr, mcec`hrj, phsoc`jr phsoc`jr , pcstjr pcstjr j gdehrj), =% hs prjahsdjecn ocndadoc`j, 8% täoedoj ocndadoc`j, ?% `hshgpnhc`js y ?% sh `h`doce c jtrcs cotdvd`c`hs. Rrjlnhgãtdocs rhourrheths ; Njs prjlnhgcs quh cahotce c su ojgued`c` hs hn cnojfjndsgj oje ue 12% , nc `hndeouheodc oje 84%, pce`dnnckh hn 8=%, vdjnheodc ojetrc nc gukhr oje ue 08%, 08%, ojesugj `h `rjmcs hn 03%, vdjnheodc deacetdn hn ?6%, vhetc `h `rjmcs hn ?1 %, y nc prjstdtuodÿe hn <<%. Mrc`j `h devjnuorcgdhetj y pcrtdodpcodÿe he nc DH Njs Rc`rhs `h Acgdndc ojevjoc`js cn 322% sÿnj csdtdhrje hn <2%, njs oucnhs, rhspje`dhrje; hn 42% `h pc`rhs y gc`rhs `h acgdndc csdsthe c ncs rhuedjehs ojevjoc`cs pjr njs `joheths, 4?% c rhuedjehs ojevjoc`cs pjr nc CRCAC, hn 66% c rhuedjehs jrmcedzc`cs pjr hn ojgdtä `h cunc, =6% ej sh deajrgce sjlrh hn `hshgphój `h su fdkj (c), hn =?% csdsthe pcrc trctcr sjlrh hn gcethedgdhetj `h njs cgldheths `h nc destdtuodÿe h`uoctdvc , hn =3% cpjyce he hn `hscrrjnnj `h cotdvd`c`hs ph`cmÿmdocs, y hn 10 % ej cpjyce he nc hncljrcodÿe `h gcthrdcnhs h`uoctdvjs pcrc hn cunc `h su fdkj, 88 % cpjyc he ncs cotdvd`c`hs rhorhctdvcs y hn 06% cpjyc he ncs cotdvd`c`hs prjaje`js.
Oclh shócncr quh hn <2% `h pc`rhs quh csdtdhrje rhojejohe quh hnnjs csdthe, phrj tcgldäe sh `hguhstrc quh phsh hstcr ojevjoc`js, hn 62 % `h pc`rhs y gc`rhs `h acgdndc ej csdstdhrje y sugc`js gãs njs 32 % `h njs quh csdtdhrje quh rhojejohe rhojejohe quh ej csdthe9 hnnj sdmedadoc quh hn 42 % `h pc`rhs y gc`rhs ej sh devjnuorce he nc ajrgcodÿe h`uoctdvj. ?.8.
Ocrcothrdstdojs ounturcnhs y sjodcnhs `h nc ojgued`c` . Nc pjlncodÿe 8
Nc pjlncodÿe fuceuquhóc `h nc odu`c` hs `h <=2,? fcldtceths quh tdhehe njs sdmudheths de`doc`jrhs `h Destruoodÿe; nc pjlncodÿe pjlncodÿe cnaclhtc hs `h <03,1<6 gdhetrcs quh nc pjlncodÿe oje cecnaclhtdsgj ; <6,128. Cecnaclhtdsgj `h nc pjlncodÿe Ncs gukhrhs rhprhshetce ue <3.6%, oje rhsphotj c njs vcrjehs quh hs `h 32%. Hstj rc`doc he quh hn gcyjr pjrohetckh `h nc pjlncodÿe cecnaclhtc hs he nc zjec rurcn oje ue ??.1%. Csdgdsgj sh cprhodc he hn ouc`rj quh hn =<.3% csdsthe cn ojnhmdj9 hn <8.8% tdhehe h`uocodÿe suphrdjr y 31.3% ej tdhehe edemûe tdpj `h h`uocodÿe. Csdstheodc hsojncr `h nc pjlncodÿe / Eûghrj `h destdtuodjehs h`uoctdvcs quh lrde`ce shrvdodj h`uoctdvj c nc pjlncodÿe. He nc njocnd`c` `h Fuãeuoj sh ouhetc oje Destdtuodjehs Ecodjecnhs y pcrtdouncrhs hetrh hnnjs thehgjs; Hstctcn ; 28 Destdtuodjehs `h HL\ `h edvhn shoue`crdc , … `h `uocodÿe prdgcrdc, Rcrtdouncr; … Destdtuodjehs `h HL\ `h edvhn shoue`crdc , … `h H`uocodÿe prdgcrdc. Mrupjs ätedojs prhsheths he nc pjlncodÿe ; ej hxdsth Nhemuc gcthrec `h nc pjlncodÿe y shmue`c nhemuc ; ocsthnncej. ?.1.
Ocrcothrçstdocs `hn hetjrej mhjmrãadoj `h nc ojgued`c` Xldocodÿe, suphradodh, cntdtu` Fuãeuoj sh uldoc c njs 3622 g.s.e.g he hn vcnnh ajrgc`j pjr hn rçj Fucnncmc. Fucnncmc. Hstã he nc tdhrrc thgpnc`c j yuemc `h nc vhrtdheth jrdhetcn `h njs Ce`hs ohetrcnhs. Nc cnturc `hn thrrdtjrdj rhmdjecn fuceuquhój jsodnc hetrh njs <82 y 1.1?< ghtrjs `h cntdtu` cntdtu`,, sdhe`j njs puhlnjs `h ghejr cntdtu` Pjurecvdstc y Tuycpdofds (ocpdtcnhs `hn `dstrdtj `hn gdsgj ejglrh, he nc prjvdeodc `h Ruhrtj Deoc), he tcetj quh hn puhlnj `h Tcrugcyj (ocpdtcn `hn `dstrdtj `h Tcrugcyj, prjvdeodc `h Fuãeuoj), hstã uldoc`j c 0.322 ghtrjs `h cntdtu`. ojgprhe`h c 3< `dstrdtjs, Ofdeofcj y Ofurulcglc (he nc pcrth ejrth), _cetc Gcrçc `hn Qcnnh, Fuãeuoj, Sudsqud (idofid) y Cgcrdnds (he nc pcrth ohetrcn) y he nc pcrth sur hstã Tcrugcyj, ycous - `dstrdtj gãs kjvhe, Gcrmjs, Rdnnoj Gcroc, _ce arceodsoj `h Ocyrce, _ce Rh`rj `h Ofcunce Ondgc ; hs thgpnc`j trjpdocn. Fuãeuoj sh ocrcothrdzc pjr thehr ue ondgc thgpnc`j trjpdocn gj`hrc`c oje uec thgphrcturc prjgh`dj `h <0 ²O, nncgc`j pjr prjpdjs y vdsdtceths ojgj "Nc odu`c` `hn ghkjr ondgc `hn gue`j" j "Nc odu`c` `h nc hthrec Rrdgcvhrc", hs tce cmrc`clnh y lhedmej su ondgc quh hn sjn lrdnnc tj`j hn cój, he ue odhnj ndgpdj y ohnhsth dethesj9 hn gdsgj quh he äpjocs `h devdhrej nnhmc cn <3² o he `çc y 3=²o he ncs ejofhs ‟ thgphrcturc gãs lckc y nc gãs cntc hs he äpjoc `h prdgcvhrc oje ?2² o.. (_HECGFD). @dvdsdÿe pjnçtdoj c`gdedstrctdvc Fuãeuoj ojgj `dstrdtj auh aue`c`c hn 38 `h cmjstj `h 38?4 lckj hn ejglrh `h „Nc guy ejlnh y nhcn odu`c` `h njs Oclcnnhrjs `h Nhÿe `h Fuãeuoj ‗, `h gcehrc nhmcn hn 3< `h ahlrhrj `h 3,6<3 Ojgj pcrth `hn @hpcrtcghetj `h Fuãeuoj pjr @horhtj Nhy `hn 0 `h ejvdhglrh `h 36, Rjr @horhtj hn <4 `h hehrj `h 3,61=, sh ojestdtuyh he prjvdeodc he hn mjldhrej `hn Khah _uprhgj Rrjvdsjrdj Gcrdcej Dmecodj Rrc`j 1
AXHEPH; www.DEHD.ojg9 HNCLJ\C@J; Hqudpj täoedoj. @hgjmrcaçc Hn `hpcrtcghetj `h Fuãeuoj shmûe hn ohesj <22= ouhetc oje uec pjlncodÿe `h =1<,? fcldtceths `h njs oucnhs nc prjvdeodc `h Fuãeuoj9 ouhetc oje ?20,06= fcldtceths (DEHD - <23?) `h ncs oucnhs hn 42% `h nc pjlncodÿe sh ojeohetrc he nc sdhrrc y 32% he nc _hnvc9 gcroce`j ue rdtgj `h orhodgdhetj ceucn `h 3,?3%. \hndhvh Fuãeuoj tdheh ue rhndhvh cood`hetc`j. Ouhetc oje ehvc`js, ojr`dnnhrcs, oãnd`js vcnnhs y shnvcs cgczÿedocs, quh ctrche turdstcs y ce`dedstcs ojgj hs hn Tcrupckã oje uec cnturc `h 1,13= g.s.e.g., _dfdc oje 1,?81 g., hn Ehecsfceoc `h 8,1?= g., \je`jy oje 8,6=2 g. hto. He ncs acn`cs `h njs ehvc`js hxdsthe guofcs ncmuecs quh ecohe `h njs `hsfdhnjs. . \hoursjs fç`rdojs ; rçj Fucnncmc, rçj Fdmuhrcs, ncmuec Gceocpjzj. Mhjnjmçc Hn `dstrdtj `h Fuãeuoj sh heouhetrc rj`hc`j `hn ohrrj Gcrclcglc, Ce`clcglc, su suhnj suhnj hs crodnnjsj.
?.=.
Hojnjmçc; hxdsth kcr`dehs , phrj c su vhz sh ejtc ojetcgdecodÿe cgldhetcn, pjoc ajrgcodÿe `hs`h nc acgdndc he hn oud`c`j `hn gh`dj cgldheth.`hsoud`j he tj`j njs ãgldtjs , dehxdstheodc `h ocgpjs rhorhctdvjs. Ocrcothrçstdocs hojeÿgdocs `h nc ojgued`c` Cotdvd`c`hs prj`uotdvcs y ojghrodcnhs; nc pjlncodÿe sh `h`doc cn gh`dcej, phquhój y gdorj ojghrodj, sje pjojs ojghrodceths quh hstãe ajrgcndzc`js, hxdsthe hxdsthe pjocs hgprhscs prj`uotdvcs h de`ustrdcnhs, cnmuejs quh sh `h`doce c nc de`ustrdc `hn vhstd`j, prjgjodÿe turçstdoc, crthsceçc, hto.
Hxpnjtcodÿe turçstdoc y ounturcn _hmûe hn DEHD, nc prjvdeodc `h Fuãeuoj ouhetc oje 330 prdeodpcnhs rhoursjs9 `h njs oucnhs, hn 0?% sje rhstjs crquhjnÿmdojs; Ijtjsf, _fdnncojtj, crth ruphstrh(Ijtjsf , Sudnocs) y h`dadocodjehs prhfdspãedocs9 hn 02 % sje rhoursjs ecturcnhs; ncmuecs ojgj hn Gceocpjzj, y pcdsckhs ecturcnhs(Rdnnijgjzj, ohrrj `h Rcuocrlcglc y _ce Ordstjlcn)9 hn 36 % sje crqudthoturc y gjeughetjs ojnjedcnhs h fdstÿrdojs; Dmnhsdcs `h _ce Ordstjlcn, _ce _hlcstdãe , _ce Arceodsoj y _cetj `jgdemj.
Cotdvd`c` De`ustrdcn Cotdvd`c` guy pjoj `hscrrjnnc`c y ojeohetrc`c he nc odu`c` `h Fuãeuoj, pcrtdouncrgheth he nj quh rhsphotc cprjvhofcgdhetj `hn pjtheodcn cmrçojnc pcphrj pjr acntc `h devhrsdjehs, deohetdvjs y ue heajquh `h prjgjodÿe `hn `hscrrjnnj prjvdeodcn `dstdetj cn vdmheth. _hmûe, DEHD he he nc odu`c` `h Fuãeuoj Fuã euoj gcyjrgheth fcy hstclnhodgdhetjs `h prj`uoodÿe `h cndghetjs ‟ pcec`hrçcs, ocrehs y lhld`cs, dgprhetcs, thxtdnhs crthscecnhs y `h cnojfjn `h ocóc `h czûocr, He ncs ãrhcs urlcecs; prhe`cs `h vhstdr, guhlnhs, kumuhthrçc, hstctudnncs y c`jrejs, kjycs y jrahlrhrçc, ocnzc`j, ljr`c`urdc y pdrjthoedc, prdeodpcngheth njocndzc`js he njs `dstrdtjs `h Fuãeuoj, Cgcrdnds y Rdnnoj Gcroc. =
Ojghrodj He njs ûntdgjs cójs, nc cotdvd`c` ojghrodcn he nc prjvdeodc `h Fuãeuoj sh fc vdstj deorhghetc`c, prdeodpcngheth oje nc prhsheodc `h hstclnhodgdhetjs ojghrodcnhs `hn rulrj `h shrvdodjs (fjthnhs, rhstcurceths), vhetc `h cutjgÿvdnhs y gjtjodonhtcs, ahrrhthrçcs, hetrh jtrjs. Nc prhsheodc `h ohetrjs ojghrodcnhs ojgj hn \hcn Rnczc, GHP\J y PJPPX_ quh rhojeadmurce nc hojejgçc rhmdjecn. Rjr ue nc`j hstã jlndmce`j c njs phquhójs y gh`dcejs hgprhscrdjs c ajrtcnhohr sus hstrcthmdcs ojgphtdtdvcs pcrc shmudr vdmheths he hn ghroc`j, y pjr jtrj hs hvd`heth nc `hscpcrdodÿe `h cnmuejs hstclnhodgdhetjs ojghrodcnhs. Ej jlstceth quh hstc sdtucodÿe puh`h trcesajrgcrsh, pcrc shr cprjvhofc`j, heocgdece`j uec `hgce`c `h prj`uotjs njocnhs y rhmdjecnhs ojgj prjgjodÿe `h ncs gh`dcecs y phquhócs hgprhscs njocnhs. Ojrrh`jrhs hojeÿgdojs. Hn `dstrdtj `h Fuãeuoj sh heouhetrc uldoc`j he ncs ocrrhthrcs `h dethmrcodÿe njocn, vhodecn, rhmdjecn, ecodjecn fcodc nc cgczjedc, jrj `h njs ce`hs y nc trcesjohãedoc. @hshgphóc nc odu`c` `h Fuãeuoj, gãs quh ojgj „Ruhrtc `h nc Cgczjeçc‗ ojetdehetcn, ojgj ej`j guntdgj`cn `h dethrojehxdÿe dethrjohãedoc Rcoçadoj - Ctnãetdoj y pjr tcetj `h crtdouncodÿe `hn ojrrh`jr hojeÿgdoj Ocnncj ‟ Ndgc - Ohrrj `h Rcsoj ‟ Fuãeuoj - Pdemj Gcrçc ‟ Ruocnnpc -Oruohdrj `j _un - Gcecjs / Ruocnnpc ‟ Dqudtjs ‟ Gcecjs - Lhnäe `j Rcrc.
Jrmcedzcodjehs/destdtuodjehs `hn hstc`j @drhoodje \hmdjecn @h H`uocodÿe, Xmhn Fuceuoj, Ocgcrc `h Ojghrodj h De`ustrdcs @h Fuãeuoj, Gyphs, Dehd, @dmhsc-Gdesc, Rjndodc Ecodjecn @hn Rhrû, _h`c Fuceuoj, Hnhotrjohetrj, DEO `h Fuãeuoj, Ljglhrjs, Gueodpdjs, Ohetrj `h _cnu`, Destdtutjs y Xedvhrsd`c`hs Jrmcedzcodjehs ej mulhrecghetcnhs ; JEM, Rcz y Hsphrcezc _jodh`c` odvdn; -OJRC\H - Arheth Ûedoj \hmdjecn Fuãeuoj. - Ojnhmdj `h Rhrdj`dstcs `h Fuãeuoj - OJEC@D_ Fuãeuoj - _de`doctj \hmdjecn `h Ojestruoodÿe Odvdn, - Csjodcodÿe @h Prdgjvdnhs @h Fuãeuoj, - Csjodcodÿe @h Ojghrodceths @hn Ghroc`j Gj`hnj @h Fuãeuoj, - Hvcnucodÿe `h nc ocnd`c`
6
ED
P
H
\
E
J
H
V
P
H
\
E
J
?.6.
Ceãndsds y sdsthgctdzcodÿe `h rhsuntc`js pjr prjohsjs he nc Destdtuodÿe
C;GCP\D[ @HN AJ@C JRJ\PXED@C@ 3. Ajrgcr pcrth `h njs deohetdvjs prjpuhstjs pjr hn GDEH@X. <. Nc gcyjrçc `h pc`rhs y gc`rhs de`doce quh sh jrmcedzc rhuedjehs he nc D.H. ?. Cndcezcs hstrctämdocs oje ncs Destdtuodjehs `h nc njocnd`c`. 0. Ondgc oãnd`j trjpdocn. 8. Oursjs `h cotucndzcodÿe mhstdjec`js pjr hn GDEH@X. 1. Gcthrdcnhs j muçcs `h cpjyj hetrhmc`js pjr hn GDEH@X c njs `joheths. AJ\PCNH[C 3. Nc gcyjrçc `h njs hstu`dceths sh guhstrce sctdsahofjs oje nc heshócezc quh lrde`ce njs `joheths `h nc D.H. <. Hncljrcgjs pcrtdodpctdvcgheth njs `joughetjs `h mhstdÿe `h nc DH. (RHD, \D, RCP) ?. Hqudpj `drhotdvj, oje nd`hrczmj ph`cmÿmdoj, quh lrde`c sjpjrth c euhstrjs `joheths y jrdhetc prjohsjs `h ghkjrc destdtuodjecn. 0. Gjedtjrhcgjs y cojgpcócgjs `h gcehrc phrgceheth nc ncljr `joheth he hn cunc pcrc ghkjrcr hn prjohsj `h heshócezc-cprhe`dzckh y hn `hshgphój `h njs hstu`dceths. 8. Nc DH prjguhvh phrgceheths rhuedjehs oje njs pc`rhs `h acgdndc pcrc trctcr nc sdtucodÿe coc`ägdoc h destdtuodjecn. 1. Hn `joheth hvdtc hn ocstdmj açsdoj c sus hstu`dceths he ue 64%.
CGHEC[C 3. Rrhsheodc `h cnojfjndsgj, furtj, vdjnheodc acgdndcr, vhetc y ojesugj `h `rjmcs he hn hetjrej. <. Deshmurd`c` odu`c`cec y pce`dnnckh, cnojfjndsgj, `rjmc`doodÿe. ?. Destdtuodjehs H`uoctdvcs quh lrde`ce shrvdodjs h`uoctdvjs oje cntcs hxphotctdvcs. 0. Deanuheodc `h cnmuejs gh`djs `h ojguedocodÿe oje prjmrcgcs dec`houc`js. 8. Cughetj `h ocldecs `h dethreht he nc zjec, mhehrce`j c`doodjehs he njs ghejrhs `h h`c` fcodc njs kuhmjs he rh`. 1. Ocrheodc `h cshsjrcgdhetj y cotucndzcodÿe ph`cmÿmdoc pjr pcrth `h ncs cutjrd`c`hs `h nc XMHN. @HLDND@C@ 3. Hn =6% `h hstu`dceths `hgce`ce trctj cgclnh y uec ojevdvheodc crgjedjsc oje sus `joheths y ojgpcóhrjs, y `hsojejodgdhetj `h hstrcthmdcs pcrc nc prhvheodÿe y gcehkj `h ojeandotjs `hetrj `h nc ojgued`c` h`uoctdvc y uec jrmcedzcodÿe. <. Ocrheodc `h ue prjyhotj ourrdouncr quh mhehrhe y hxprhshe cntcs hxphotctdvcs, oje prjmrcgcodÿe ourrdouncr pjoj crtdounc`cs dethr ãrhcs y mrc`js, quh jrdhethe ued`c`hs, shsdjehs y hstrcthmdc `h heshócezc cprhe`dzckh , prj`uotdvcs, hgprhe`h`jrcs , oud`c`j `hn gh`dj cgldheth, h`uocodÿe vdcn. ?. @hscrrjnnj desuadodheth `h ojgphtheodc `h hgprhe`dgdhetj prj`uotdvj y `h deejvcodÿe. 0. Hsocsc dgpnhghetcodÿe `h hstrcthmdcs y täoedocs pcrc gjedtjrhcr y hvcnucr `h gcehrc `dahrheodc`c hn `hshgphój `h njs hstu`dceths. 8. Hsocsc pncedadocodÿe y gjedtjrhj `h pncehs `h ghkjrc destdtuodjecn c pcrtdr `hn ceãndsds `h njs rhsuntc`js sjlrh njs csphotjs jrmcedzcodjecnhs. 1. Ocrheodc `h ue pnce jrdhetc`j c oud`cr y gcethehr nc dearchstruoturc, hqudpcgdhetj y gcthrdcn ph`cmÿmdoj he oje`dodjehs c`houc`cs pcrc hn `hscrrjnnj `hn prjohsj `h heshócezc-cprhe`dzckh.
4
L; GCP\D[ @H \HQD_DßE @H NJ_ R\JOH_J_;
GCP\D[ AJ@C. AJ@C. R\JOH_J H_P\CPÄMDOJ_; RJE@H\CODßE MNJLCN @H NJ_ ACOPJ\H_ RC\C HN @H_C\\JNNJ @H_C\\JNNJ @H NC GCP\D[ AJ@C CGLDPJ @HCEÃND_D_ HVPH\EJ ONC_DADOCODßE JRJ\PXED@C@ CGHEC[C c , c ACOPJ\H_ s y dz dj j j o g e X
c
H
j
.
h
`d h
jn
s q
nc c s
u r j e tj
e
u
o
p
ut hr y
de
h
h ` c
c
r
cç
\
r
y
\
gr
D
P
H
J
` ht
C
h
ã
J3
J<
2
dcn h r
u
c
c e
u
j
dcr s
z e
N
` o
jd c
nh
dgn C
O
`d
o
r u s
hr G
R
e s j
td
eD o
jr eD `
u a ` eD h
dc o hr
h o
`
jd h
`
e od
g u ed
nc
e e
c
s `
h
h un
c h
s
o
o s
jt
h
u c
h
u
c
m h
c e
ut
s
`
o t
c m
s
vd o
`
tj h
e
`
j
r s
jn
j cd
jd od
u
th
e
j s
h
` s
o
j h
r O
c
e
s
dÿ
` dc
o h
`
`d
g
s
h
c r
o
j s
e
h `
.
h
c
g
s
n
e c
A
s
j c
`d
h
c j
j h
j
DJ
s
.
` h
o
t s
p
m
t
` c
h c
c
h g
e l
e
s
j de
nm
H
o
c
ut
cr
jr
u
c
u
`
` hd
c e
C
P h
r
j n
ud
on
s ct
u
e
J
jt
s
s
P
C cn
h
g h
`
s `
x o
m
cç
h
c c
j
c
t
y
h
p vd
c
s
jr
e r
@D
j
ät
` s
f
dzn p
cn h
c
m
c h
j
h `
` h
e
n `
od
DH
` @
c od
p h
R
c
e
sd h
o
o
N X
M c
de jd
H o
h
s tc
N ut
`
`
c
c c
ht
t s
n `
r
vd
c h
g c
n
, n
p dÿ
s
h j
j e
o
e ,
y
j
jn
_
m
j h
r s
L
e
f
zd c
h
q
c o
e
c u
jt
h
f
o
h o
h
r u
s
s o
D
s cn
e
e
h
t
s
y
r e
djt
g t
PD
e de
vd
D
tr
g
ÿd dc
j
l
j jt
c
c j
N
h
s
s
,
`
`
_D
m
dt
p
v
j
s jr
r
e jn
u
p
c
e
ed
jd
s
e `
c
`
c
s cn
od
e
j p
ku
o c
hn
j jd
ed
p
z ÿd
`
s
h h
j
e
e
r
`
d
` m
e
ncn
p
c
e
g
dc j
h h
h
o
r n
od s
D
G
m j
o
kh
ÿ
c
h ,
m s
j jk
ac h
`
s
_D
n
od h
,
r
g
ED
c
m e
c
G
h
p
J
H
e
hr e
h
nd
@
h
p `
h
s on
cd
.
j
cr
p
j
r
e
jr
f
ED
`
m h
r
X o
r
, H
c
h
s
@
n
n
v
j
dsn
X
j
cr
v
h
c
G
g
d
e
`
ED
ct
c
mr
@
H
n
ht c
` c
O
r c p
J?
J0
J8
J1
C3
C<
C?
C0
C8
C1
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
0
3. Nc gcyjrçc `h njs hstu`dceths sh guhstrce sctdsahofjs oje nc heshócezc quh lrde`ce njs `joheths `h nc D.H.
A3
?
<. Hncljrcgjs pcrtdodpctdvcgheth njs `joughetjs `h mhstdÿe `h nc DH. (RHD, \D, RCP) ?. Hqudpj `drhotdvj, oje nd`hrczmj ph`cmÿmdoj, quh lrde`c sjpjrth c euhstrjs euhstrjs `joheths y jrdhetc prjohsjs `h ghkjrc destdtuodjecn.
A<
3
3
2
<
<
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
=
A?
<
3
<
3
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
<
4
0. Gjedtjrhcgjs y cojgpcócgjs `h gcehrc phrgceheth nc ncljr `joheth he hn cunc pcrc ghkjrcr hn prjohsj `h heshócezccprhe`dzckh y hn `hshgphój `h njs hstu`dceths. 8..Nc DH prjguhvh phrgceheths rhuedjehs oje njs pc`rhs `h acgdndc pcrc trctcr nc sdtucodÿe coc`ägdoc h destdtuodjecn
A0
<
2
2
<
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
A8
2
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
1
3
32
D
D
1. Hn `joheth hvdtc hn ocstdmj A1 açsdoj c sus hstu`dceths he ue 64% Hn =6% `h hstu`dceths @3 `hgce`ce trctj cgclnh y uec ojevdvheodc crgjedjsc oje sus `joheths y ojgpcóhrjs, y `hsojejodgdhetj `h hstrcthmdcs pcrc nc prhvheodÿe y gcehkj `h ojeandotjs `hetrj `h nc ojgued`c` h`uoctdvc y uec jrmcedzcodÿe Ocrheodc `h ue prjyhotj @< ourrdouncr quh mhehrhe y hxprhshe cntcs hxphotctdvcs, oje prjmrcgcodÿe ourrdouncr pjoj crtdounc`cs dethr ãrhcs y mrc`js, quh jrdhethe ued`c`hs, shsdjehs y hstrcthmdc `h heshócezc cprhe`dzckh , prj`uotdvcs, hgprhe`h`jrcs , oud`c`j `hn gh`dj cgldheth, h`uocodÿe vdcn.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
?
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
<
2
3
3
?
@?
3
<
<
<
@0
2
2
<
2
@8
2
3
3
@1
2
2
2
@hscrrjnnj desuadodheth `h ojgphtheodc `h hgprhe`dgdhetj prj`uotdvj y `h deejvcodÿe Hsocsc dgpnhghetcodÿe `h hstrcthmdcs y täoedocs pcrc gjedtjrhcr y hvcnucr `h gcehrc `dahrheodc`c hn `hshgphój `h njs hstu`dceths Hsocsc pncedadocodÿe y gjedtjrhj `h pncehs `h ghkjrc destdtuodjecn c pcrtdr `hn ceãndsds `h njs rhsuntc`js sjlrh njs csphotjs jrmcedzcodjecnhs, destrughetjs `h mhstdÿe, sjpjrths ph`cmÿmdojs, hvcnucodjehs `hn rhe`dgdhetj hsojncr, ojesd`hrce`j ncs pjsdlnhs ocuscs `h njs rhsuntc`js jlthed`js Ocrheodc `h ue pnce jrdhetc`j c oud`cr y gcethehr nc dearchstruoturc, hqudpcgdhetj y gcthrdcn ph`cmÿmdoj he oje`dodjehs c`houc`cs pcrc hn `hscrrjnnj `hn prjohsj `h heshócezc-cprhe`dzckh.
3
2
3
2
4
<
3
?
2
2
?
?
<
?
<2
<
?
?
?
<
<
3
<
2
2
<
?
2
3
3
33
2
2
2
<
<
2
3
2
2
=
2
<
2
<
2
2
2
2
3
8
33
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
<0 4 ?2 08
31 6 3= <<
4
4
JRH\CODJECND[CODJE @H OXC@\CEPH_ OXC@\CEPH ;RJPHEODCND@C@H_ OXC@\CEPH ;\DH_MJ_ OXC@\CEPH; @H_CAÇJ_ OXC@\CEPH;NDGDPCODJEH_
AJ AC @J @C
3.8 3.3<8 3.=18 <.208
RH\ADN @DCMEß_PDOJ @H NC DE_PDPXODßE H@XOCPDQC HGLNHGÃPDOC "EXH_P\C _HÓJ\C @H NC_ GH\OH@H_" Nc D.H. H. "EXH_P\C _HÓJ\C @H NC_ GH\OH@H_" jltuvj hn prjgh`dj gãs cntj he hn ouc`rceth @C hs `hodr rhscntce ncs @HLDND@C@H_ y CGHEC[C_ pjr nj tcetj rhqudhrh jrdhetcr su mhstdÿe dgpunsce`j hn gjedtjrhj y cojgpcócgdhetj `h ncs ojgphtheodcs y `hshgphójs `h njs cotjrhs h`uoctdvjs. O. CEÃND_D_ @H NC GCP\D[ AJ@C 3. Hs ghehsthr `hstcocr ojgj ajrtcnhzc nc dgcmhe destdtuodjecn quh tdheh nc D.H.H. „Euhstrc _hójrc `h ncs Ghroh`hs‗, uec `h ncs mrce`hs ajrtcnhzcs hs `h thehr uec euhvc dearchstruoturc.
<. Nc pcrtdodpcodÿe pcrtdodpcodÿe `h nc ojgued`c` h`uoctdvc h`uoctdvc hs dgpjrtceth, pjr `dofc cotdtu` sh fc hncljrc`j nc vdsdÿe y gdsdÿe, y prjpuhstcs `h ghkjrc. ?. Oclh gheodjecr ojgj ajrtcnhzc nc `hstcoc`c pcrtdodpcodÿe `h njs `joheths, hsphodcngheth he hkhouodÿe y cpndocodÿe `h nc pncedadocodÿe ourrdouncr, nd`hrczmj `h njs `drhotdvjs, `joheth y nc sctdsacoodÿe `h njs hstu`dceths. 0. Nc `hldnd`c` gãs mrce`h hs quh cue njs hstu`dceths sh heouhetrce he ue edvhn `h njmrj `h cprhe`dzckh guy lckj, hsphodcngheth he Gcthgãtdoc (Rhescgdhetj Nÿmdoj Gcthgãtdoj) lckj he; Ojguedocodÿe, (ojgprhesdÿe nhotjrc), Odheodc Phoejnjmçc y Cgldheth y Odu`c`ceçc, `hld`j c quh njs de`doc`jrhs gdsdjecnhs `hn acotjr `h sjpjrth cn `joheth y hn trclckj oje nc acgdndc sh heouhetrce lckjs. lckjs. 8. Jtrj `h ncs `hldnd`c`hs hs nc ocrheodc `h nc prjmrcgcodÿe ourrdouncr crtdounc`c, dethr ãrhcs, `hn mrc`j cethrdjr y pjsthrdjr quh jrdhethe cn `dshój `h ued`c`hs y shsdjehs, shsdjehs, he hn gcehkj `h hstrcthmdcs ghtj`jnÿmdocs, gh`djs y gcthrdcnhs y sdsthgc `h hvcnucodÿe `hn cprhe`dzckh 1. Njs hstu`dceths hstu`dceths y pc`rhs pc`rhs `h acgdndc ocrhohe `h fcldnd`c`hs prj`uotdvcs, prj`uotdvcs, fcldnd`c`hs `hn hgprhe`dgdhetj, hstj hstj sh rhanhkc pjrquh quh prjlnhgc pje`hrc pje`hrc he he nc ojgued`c` hs hn pce`dnnckh, vdjnheodc, prjstdtuodÿe, hn cnojfjndsgj, kuhmjs nû`dojs, nû`dojs, nj ojnjoc c njs kÿvhehs hstu`dceths he cntj rdhsmj =. Rjoc ojstuglrh `h trclckj he hqudpj `h njs `joheths, hsphodcngheth he njs mrupjs `h çethrcprhe`dzckh, dethr ãrhcs, crtdouncr ncs ãrhcs. 6. Njs hstu`dceths y pc`rhs `h acgdndc, `hsojejohe njs prjpÿsdtjs `h oc`c shsdÿe cprhe`dzckh, sus hxphotctdvcs `h `hshgphój. 4. Njs `joheths y njs khrãrqudojs tdhehe `dadountc`hs he hn trclckj he hqudpj, gcehkj `h hstrcthmdcs y phescgdhetj orçtdoj. 32. Njs prjohsjs `h h`uocldnd`c` he nj quh sh rhadhrh cn ondgc he hn cunc, he nc Destdtuodÿe sh `hlh ghkjrcr, `hetrj `hn oucn sh ojesd`hrc nc `dsodpndec pjr pcrth `h njs hstu`dceths, jrmcedzcodÿe he ncs cuncs y he nc Destdtuodÿe, ougpndghetj `h ncs ejrgcs y rjnhs `h oc`c uej `h njs cotjrhs. 3<
32 6
33. He hn hstu`dceth sh puh`h jlshrvcr hn cntj rdhsmj he nc quh sh heouhetrc hsphodcngheth he hn pce`dnnckh, `rjmc`doodÿe y hn hglcrczj prhojz, fãldtjs ehmctdvjs `h fdmdheh, hn gcn usj `h ncs rh`hs sjodcnhs hto. Rjr nj quh sh fcoh ehohscrdj tjgcr ncs gh`d`cs ojrrhotdvcs, csdgdsgj he nc prãotdoc `h vcnjrhs, jr`he y `dsodpndec. 3<. Hn prjohsj `h shmudgdhetj, suphrvdsdÿe, cojgpcócgdhetj sh fc fc ghkjrÿ, nj quh sh fcoh ehohscrdj rhajrzcr oje gcyjr dethesd`c` y `hscrrjnncr fcldnd`c`hs he `dofc gcthrdc he hn phrsjecn `drhotdvj, khrãrqudoj y `joheth. 3?. Hs nc dgcmhe destdtuodjecn quh ejs phrgdtdrãe cprjvhofcr nc jpjrtued`c` pcrc hstclnhohr ncs cndcezcs hstrctämdocs y hstclnhohr ojevhedjs oje njs gh`djs `h ojguedocodÿe. 30. Rjoc d`hetdadocodÿe `h njs pc`rhs oje nc destdtuodÿe y oje hn hn cvceoh coc`ägdoj `h sus fdkcs (js), nj quh ej ejs phrgdth njmrcr njs cprhe`dzckhs. 38. Rjoc rhtheodÿe `h njs hstu`dceths, ästcs sh rhtdrce hsphodcngheth pjr nc `dstrdluodÿe he vcrdjs njocnhs quh `dadountce c njs hstu`dceths gjvdndzcrsh pjr hn ojstj quh rhprhshetc 31. He hn ouc`rj `hn AJ@C fc rhscntc`j nj sdmudheth ; nc pje`hrcodÿe `h @C hs guy cntcs pjr nj quh sh rhqudhrh hn hn cojgpcócgdhetj y gjedtjrhj oje gcyjr prdjrd`c`, c su vhz sdmuh hn hn @J sh rhqudhrh rhajrzcr ncs pcrtdodpcodÿe y `hscrrjnnj ncs ojgphtheodcs `hn phrsjecn `joheth, nuhmj he nc AC sh rhqudhrh quh hn phrsjecn phrsjecn themc luhe `hshgphój, phrj quh`c pncethcrsh rhtjs, pcrc suphrcr suphrcr ncs ndgdtcodjehs, `hscaçjs y rdhsmjs. 3=. Hn ondgc jrmcedzcodjecn destdtuodjecn y he hn cunc sh heouhetrc heouhetrc he prjohsj, nc quh sh fcoh fcoh ehohscrdj `hscrrjnncr hstrcthmdcs pcrc hn gcehkj `h ojeandotjs ghkjrcr hn luhe trctj y nc crgjeçc destdtuodjecn.
@. OJEONX_DJEH_ 3. Hn edvhn `h njmrj ÿptdgj `h ncs ojgphtheodcs hs uec `h ncs mrce`hs `hldnd`c`hs pjr nj quh sh `hlhe tjgcr hstrcthmdcs degh`dctcs pcrc suphrcrncs y rhstclnhohr hn edvhn quh euhstrc D.H.H. fc thed`j hsphodcngheth he Gcthgãtdoc, Ojguedocodÿe, , Odu`c`ceçc, H`uocodÿe pcrc hn hn Prclckj, ojeshrvcodÿe `hn gh`dj cgldheth, csç ojgj he hn hgprhe`dgdhetj, h dgpnhghetcodÿe `h tcnnhrhs coc`ägdojs, prj`uotdvjs, vd`c scnu`clnh. <. Hn ondgc he hn cunc he nc destdtuodÿe sh heouhetrc he prjohsj, pjr nj quh sh `hlh ajrtcnhohr he hn ghkjrc `h ncs rhncodjehs fugcecs `h tj`js sus gdhglrjs, csugdhe`j sus rjnhs, ojgprjgdsjs, `jgdedj prjpdj, prãotdoc `h njs prdeodpdjs, vcnjrhs, gcehkj gcehkj `h hstrcthmdcs pcrc sjnuodÿe `h ojeandotjs. ?. Ojgj uej `h njs jlkhtdvjs hstrctämdojs hs quh njs hstu`dceths ajrtcnhzoce sus cprhe`dzckhs, oje fcldnd`c`hs prj`uotdvcs hgprhe`h`jrcs y trclckj he hqudpj, oje uec cotdtu` `h rhsjnuodÿe `h prjlnhgcs, vd`c scnu`clnh, ojeodheodc hojnÿmdoc, rhspjescldnd`c` sjodcn, oje vcnjrhs ätdojs y gjrcnhs, prjgjvdhe`j nc h`uocodÿe `h nc shmurd`c` vdcn y odu`c`ceçc he tj`cs ncs ãrhcs oje `jgdedj `h nc thoejnjmçc, ncs quh shrvdrãe pcrc hn njmrj `h ncs ojgphtheodcs y njmrcr ncs cntcs hxphotctdvcs y hn `hshgphój `h njs hstu`dceths 0. He odhrtjs mrupjs hxdsthe pjocs fcldnd`c`hs he nc prj`uotdvd`c` y fcldnd`c`hs ncljrcnhs nj quh hs ehohscrdj deshrtcr he njs ojethed`js ocpcod`c`hs prj`uotdvcs, hgprhe`h`jrcs h deejvc`jrcs h dgpnhghetcr prjyhotjs oje ästc jrdhetcodÿe. 8. Hs ehohscrdj prjgjvhr hn trclckj he hqudpj `h oçrounjs `h dethrcprhe`dzckhs ojncljrctdvjs, he rh`hs pcrc hn `dshój `hn prjmrcgc ourrdouncr, ued`c`hs `d`ãotdocs, shsdjehs, gcehkj `h hstrcthmdcs ghtj`jnÿmdocs, gcthrdcnhs, hn ohetrj `h oÿgputj y Pdos. He nc hvcnucodÿe `h `hshgphój. 1. He nc Destdtuodÿe H`uoctdvc sh puh`h c`vhrtdr hn hn prh`jgdedj `h ncs `hldnd`c`hs y cgheczcs @C. Hstc sdtucodÿe ejs rhojghe`crçc c`jptcr `h degh`dctj hstrcthmdcs `h `hscrrjnnj y ocgldj, hsphodcngheth he hn cojgpcócgdhetj, gjedtjrhj, `hscrrjnnj he ncs ojgphtheodcs y `hshgphój `hn phrsjecn `joheth y hstu`dceth, cutjhvcnuãe`jejs ojetdeucgheth he ncs kjrec`cs kjrec`cs `h rhanhxdÿe c ade `h quh sh ghkjrh. =. . He hstc hstc jrdhetcodÿe nj rhojghe`clnh hs c`jptcr euhvcs gh`d`cs pcrc ghkjrcr euhstrj prjohsj h`uoctdvj. 6. Jtrc hstrcthmdc mheärdoc quh sh rhojgdhe`c c`jptcr he nc Destdtuodÿe H`uoctdvc hs hn äeacsds `h prhstcr ue luhe shrvdodj, rhe`dodÿe `h ouhetcs he nj coc`ägdoj, c`gdedstrctdvj, ojeohpodÿe `h ojeshrvcodÿe `hn gh`dj cgldheth, ajrtcnhohr nc prãotdoc `h vcnjrhs prdjrdzc`js (rhsphtj, rhspjescldnd`c`, ncljrdjsd`c`, fjehstd`c`, mrctdtu`) lckj njs prdeodpdjs `h vd`c, cgjr y ndlhrtc`. 3?
4. Nc ajrtcnhzc `h nc Destdtuodÿe hs nc dgcmhe destdtuodjecn j prhstdmdj oje quh ouhetc pjr shr uec D.HH. oje sdhth `äoc`cs `h ncljr h`uoctdvc. Pcgldäe `hstcoc nc prhsheodc `h mrce eûghrj `h prjahsjrhs oje mrc`js y ldhe ocpcodtc`js, ojejoh`jrhs `h sus ghtcs ph`cmÿmdocs h destdtuodjecnhs. 32. Hn gjedtjrhj, cojgpcócgdhetj, nc suphrvdsdÿe dethrec hs jtrc `hldnd`c` quh cquhkc c nc destdtuodÿe hs ehohscrdj tjgcr hstrcthmdcs c ade `h quh hn phrsjecn rhspjesclnh he ästcs coodjehs jptdgdohe su aueodÿe y cpjyhe c njs `joheths, `joheths, pc`rhs y cn phrsjecn c`gdedstrctdvj. 33. Hs nc dgcmhe destdtuodjecn quh ejs phrgdtdrã cprjvhofcr nc jpjrtued`c` pcrc hstclnhohr ncs cndcezcs hstrctämdocs y hstclnhohr ojevhedjs oje njs gh`djs `h ojguedocodÿe. 3<. Hn ajrtcnhodgdhetj `h ocpcod`c`hs prjgjvd`js pjr hn GH@ ejs pj`rã phrgdtdr ojetrcrrhstcr hn lckj edvhn coc`ägdoj, nc ordsds `h vcnjrhs quh sh prhshetce he fjmcrhs `h njs cnugejs y hnhvcr hn edvhn coc`ägdoj devjnuorce`j c njs pc`rhs `h acgdndc. 3?. _h `hlh prdjrdzcr oje gcyjr auhrzc ncs coodjehs `h gjedtjrhj, cojgpcócgdhetj, `hscrrjnnj `h ocpcod`c`hs `h njs `joheths, pc`rhs `h acgdndc. 30. Ojevhedjs dethrdestdtuodjecnhs (Rjndoçc, Gdedsthrdj `h _cnu`, Adsocnçc) pcrc lrde`cr cshsjrçc y cpjyj cn hstu`dceth. ?.4. JLKHPDQJ_ @HN RHD. ?.4.3. JLKHPDQJ_ H_P\CPÄMDOJ_;
JLKHPDQJ_ H_P\CPÄMDOJ_ @H NJ_ R\JOH_J_ H_P\CPÄMDOJ_; 3. Rrjgjvhr hn `hscrrjnnj phrsjecn, prjahsdjecn, `hn phrsjecn `joheth, c`gdedstrctdvj, pc`rhs `h acgdndc `h nc Destdtuodÿe H`uoctdvc, su gjtdvcodÿe, ougpndgdhetj `h rjnhs, ejrgcs `h ojevdvheodc, prhvdedhe`j ojeandotjs y c`fhsdÿe fcodc hn shrvdodj pjr gh`dj `h oursjs `h cotucndzcodÿe y hvcnucodjehs jlkhtdvcs `h `hshgphój he trhs cójs . <. Hvcnucr euhstrjs ojgprjgdsjs, njs prjyhotjs `h ghkjrc ceucngheth, oje phrshvhrceodc y cutjojeadcezc oje nc pcrtdodpcodÿe `h njs cotjrhs `h nc destdtuodÿe, c trcväs `h nc cutj hvcnucodÿe ojetdeuc pcrc hn njmrj `h nc ocnd`c` y nc corh`dtcodÿe h deejvcodÿe
JLKHPDQJ_ H_P\CPÄMDOJ_ @H NJ_ R\JOH_J_ GD_DJECNH_
3. @hscrrjnncr phrgcehethgheth ghocedsgjs `h sjpjrth ph`cmÿmdoj c euhstrjs hstu`dceths y
<.
?. 0.
`joheths c trcväs `hn gjedtjrhj y cojgpcócgdhetj sdstägdoj, prjyhotjs `h ghkjrc y rhoursjs, ajrtcnhodhe`j ncs ocpcod`c`hs `h njs hstu`dceths, hstu`dceths, `joheths y c`gdedstrctdvjs hvcnuce`j nc ocnd`c` `h shrvdodj. @dshócr y hkhoutcr hkhoutcr he he `js cójs, nc prjmrcgcodÿe ourrdouncr ojfhrheth, crtdounc`js pjr pjr mrc`js y ãrhcs, oje ocrcothrçstdocs prj`uotdvcs, orhctdvcs y hgprhe`h`jrcs, fugceçstdocs, odhetçadocs, thoejnÿmdocs, oje vcnjrhs ätdojs, ordstdcejs, ajrtcnhodhe`j nc ojgprhesdÿe nhotjrc, gcthgãtdoc, oje uec vd`c scnu`clnh, ojeodheodc hojnÿmdoc, rhspjescldnd`c` sjodcn, shmurd`c` vdcn y odu`c`ceçc, oje nc pcrtdodpcodÿe `hn hqudpj `h `joheths ojgj nç`hrhs ph`cmÿmdojs, cpjyc`js oje rh`hs `h cprhe`dzckh. Devjnuorcr phrgcehethgheth c ncs acgdndcs he hn njmrj `h njs cprhe`dzckhs cprhe`dzckhs `h sus fdkjs, prjgjvd`js pjr njs `joheths oje hn cpjyj `h nc ojgued`c` h destdtuodjehs cndc`cs, c trcväs `h tcnnhrhs, hsouhnc hsouhnc pcrc pc`rhs y trclckj he hqudpj. Deojrpjrcr he `js cójs he nc mhstdÿe `h njs cprhe`dzckhs njs prjyhotjs `h deejvcodÿe, prj`uotdvjs, ounturcnhs y `hpjrtdvjs, oje nc pcrtdodpcodÿe `h nc acgdndc y nc ojgued`c`, prjgjvd`js pjr njs `joheths, `drhotdvjs, khrãrqudojs y c`gdedstrctdvjs.
JLKHPDQJ_ H_P\CPÄMDOJ_ @H NJ_ R\JOH_J @H _JRJ\PH 3. Jptdgdzcr njs rhoursjs he ue cój, oje uec mhstdÿe trcespcrheth, mhehrce`j coodjehs `h rhe`dodÿe `h ouhetcs phrgceheth, he nj ph`cmÿmdoj, c`gdedstrctdvj y `h mhstdÿe, dgpnhghetce`j cuncs aueodjecnhs, tcnnhrhs hqudpc`js cn cnoceoh `h njs hstu`dceths, quh rhspje`c c ue pnce `h ojeshrvcodÿe y mhstdÿe `h rdhsmjs oje ocrcothrçstdocs cgldhetcnhs `h nc zjec. 30
?.4.<. JLKHPDQJ MHEH\CN Lrde`cr shrvdodj `h ocnd`c` h`uoctdvc c ncs y njs hstu`dceths ajrtcnhodhe`j y ojesjnd`ce`j ojgphtheodcs, `h couhr`j cn cvceoh `h nc odheodc y nc thoejnjmçc, oud`ce`j hn cgldheth, prcotdoce`j uec vd`c scnu`clnh, prdeodpdjs y vcnjrhs ätdojs, oje hgprhe`dgdhetj prj`uotdvj y ounturc `h crgjeçc, oje `drhotdvjs, khrãrqudojs, `joheths y c`gdedstrctdvjs ojgprjghtd`js9 y pc`rhs devjnuorc`js he nc ghkjrc `h njs cprhe`dzckhs.
?.4.?. JLKHPDQJ_ H_RHOÇADOJ_ Cehxj < DQ. R\JRXH_PC @H MH_PDßE MH_PDßE @H NC D.H. D.H. 0.3. R\JOH_J_ H_P\CPÄMDOJ_;
R.H.3 @hscrrjnncr pncehcgdhetj destdtuodjecn; Cquç sh hstclnhoh njs rhsuntc`js y cotdvd`c`hs `h ghkjrcgdhetj `hn RHD, ROD y pcrc hn ojrtj pnczj hn Rnce Ceucn `h Prclckj, (RCP), hstclnhoh ncs cotdvd`c`hs y hstrcthmdcs pcrc nc gctrçounc, rctdadocodÿe `h nc gctrçounc, ajrguncodÿe `h njs ouc`rjs `h fjrcs, jrmcedzcodÿe `h ncs shoodjehs, fjrcrdjs, turejs, kjrec`cs He hsth prjohsj hn Ojeshkj @drhotdvj, OJEC, OJEHD hsphodcngheth hn nd`hrczmj ph`cmÿmdoj `h njs `drhotdvjs, khrãrqudojs y `joheths, sh devjnuorce c ade `h `cr nc jrdhetcodÿe he njs `joughetjs `h mhstdÿe y nc crtdouncodÿe oje njs nc ojgued`c`, pc`rhs `h acgdndc y gdhglrjs `h nc sjodh`c` odvdn. Ncs cotdvd`c`hs `h pncehcgdhetj sh nnhvce c oclj `urceth njs ghshs `h jotulrh, ejvdhglrh , hehrj, ahlrhrj y gcrzj, ceths `h nc dedodcodÿe `hn phrçj`j nhotdvj, he hn dethrvcnj `h gh`dj cój nhotdvj, sh hahotûc hn rhckusth `h ncs cotdvd`c`hs ph`cmÿmdocs y prjyhotjs `hn Rnce Ceucn `h Prclckj.
DE_P\XGHEPJ_ @H MH_PDJE Rcrc pncsgcr ncs detheodjehs ph`cmÿmdoc y `h mhstdÿe `h euhstrc Destdtuodÿe `hlh hncljrcr `h gcehrc ojeshesucn, njs destrughetjs quh mcrcetdohe hn ougpndgdhetj `h nj pncedadoc`j he hn prhsheth RHD, hstjs sje; c) Rrjyhotj Ourrdouncr Destdtuodjecn - ROD l) Rrjmrcgcodÿe Ourrdouncr Ceucn - ROC o) Rnce Ceucn `h Prclckj - RCP `) Rnce Ceucn `h _uphrvdsdÿe, Gjedtjrhj y Cojgpcócgdhetj. h) Rnce Ghesucn a) \hmncghetj Dethrej m) Rrjyhotjs `h Deejvcodÿe f) Rrjyhotjs `h ghkjrc d) Deajrgh ghesucn k) Ghgjrdc Ceucn i) Ejrgcs `h ojevdvheodc
Hstruoturc Jrmcedzcodjecn Aueodjecn Nc Destdtuodÿe H`uoctdvc „Euhstrc _hójrc `h ncs Ghroh`hs‗ `hlh aueodjecr `h couhr`j c uec hstruoturc hstruoturc jrmãedoc gdxtc, anhxdlnh, lcsc`c he ue heajquh uedvhrscndstc y ue `dshój ehjonãsdoj, ocrcothrdzc`j pjr nc `hsohetrcndzcodÿe `h ncs lcshs y nc `hnhmcodÿe `h cutjrd`c` cutjrd`c` y aueodjehs. (Cehxj jrmcedmrcgc).
R.H.<. Mhstdÿe `hn ojejodgdhetj
38
Rcrtdodpcr he rh`hs `h dethrcprhe`dzckh pjr edvhnhs hsphodcnd`c`hs, y/j ãrhcs, oje ue sdsthgc `h ojguedocodÿe dethrec `je`h ojgpcrthe y cecndzce njs rhsuntc`js rhsuntc`js `h njs njmrjs `h cprhe`dzckh.
R.H.?. Crtdouncodÿe y mhehrcodÿe `h cndcezcs dethrdestdtuodjecnhs \hcndzcr cndcezcs hstrctämdocs oje ncs destdtuodjehs cndc`cs
R.H.0. Hvcnucodÿe `h nc ocnd`c` Hvcnucr phrdÿ`docgheth njs cvceohs he hn rhe`dgdhetj hsojncr, vcnucodÿe `h njmrjs, c`gdedstrcodÿe `h rhoursjs csjodc`js cn shrvdodj h`uoctdvj, h`uoctdvj, c trcväs `h de`doc`jrhs `h vhrdadocodÿe, ojestceth gjedtjrhj, hsphodcngheth he ncs kjrec`cs `h rhanhxdÿe. 0.<.
R\JOH_J_ GD_DJECNH_. R.G.3. Mhstdÿe `h njs cprhe`dzckhs Rrjyhotjs `h ghkjrc he; Cpndocr hstrcthmdcs y täoedocs he hn gjedtjrhj `urceth nc mhstdÿe `h cprhe`dzckh. Cpndocr hstrcthmdcs `h hvcnucodÿe `h couhr`j c su rdtgj y edvhnhs `h cprhe`dzckh `h njs hstu`dceths Deshrtcr he hn prjohsj `h cprhe`dzckh hn Rnce Nhotjr y , fcldnd`c`hs prj`uotdvcs R.G.<. Mhehrcodÿe `h oje`dodjehs `h h`uocldnd`c`; Rrjyhotjs `h Ghkjrc; Cpndocr hstrcthmdcs pcrc hn gcehkj `h ncs rhncodjehs dethrphrsjecnhs @hscrrjnncr fcldnd`c`hs he hstrcthmdcs `h sjnuodÿe `h njs ojeandotjs, prcotdocr nc ätdoc `hjetjnÿmdoc. Hstçgunj y rhojejodgdhetj `hn `hshgphój gcmdsthrdcn, Hnhvcr nc njs edvhnhs `h cutjhstdgc cutjhstdgc `hn phrsjecn `joheth, c`gdedstrctdvj y `h shrvdodj Ougpndgdhetj `h euhstrjs rjnhs y ejrgcs `h ojevdvheodc y `hscrrjnnj `h fcldnd`c`hs he gcehkj `h ojeandotjs.
R.G.?. Jrmcedzcodÿe `h nc jahrtc y nc prjvdsdÿe `hn shrvdodj h`uoctdvj Jrmcedzcr y mhstdjecr nc gctrçounc jpjrtuec c trcväs `h hstrcthmdcs `h ceãndsds `h nc deajrgcodÿe y rhtheodÿe `h njs hstu`dceths @hscrrjnncr hstrcthmdcs `hn ougpndgdhetj `h nc ocnhe`crdzcodÿe hsojncr, fjrcs hahotdvcs `hn usj `hn tdhgpj ph`cmÿmdoj, y nc csdstheodc, ocrmc fjrcrdc c trcväs `hn gjedtjrhj y cojgpcócgdhetj phrgceheth \hcndzcr ncs kjrec`cs `h dethrcprhe`dzckhs c trcväs `hn ODCO cn phrsjecn `joheth c`gdedstrctdvj, pc`rhs `h acgdndc. @dshócr ue pnce y Hkhoutcr hn gjedtjrhj jpjrtuej, sdsthgctdzcr njs rhsuntc`js, rhsuntc`js, rhanhxdjecr y tjgc `h `hodsdjehs oje nc pcrtdodpcodÿe `h njs `joheths y hstu`dceths. 0.?.
R\JOH_J_ @H _JRJ\PH Rrjyhotjs `h ghkjrc he; R._.3. C`gdedstrcr rhoursjs hojeÿgdojs Hstclnhohr ue ojekuetj `h cotdvd`c`hs `hstdec`cs c nc ocptcodÿe `h rhoursjs prjpdjs ouyjs aje`js `hlhrãe shr pcrc ghkjrcr njs gh`djs h destrughetjs `h cprhe`dzckh, gcehkc`j gh`dceth hn ojgdtä `h c`gdedstrcodÿe `h rhoursjs, ojgdsdjehs `h cntcs y lckcs, `h dearchstruoturc y jtrcs ojgdsdjehs quh cpjyhe c vhncr pjr nc luhec gcrofc `h nc destdtuodÿe R._.<. C`gdedstrcr rhoursjs fugcejs C`gdedstrcodÿe `hn `hshgphój; 31
Hvcnucr cn phrsjecn `joheth, c`gdedstrctdvj, khrãrqudoj ncs ojgphtheodcs, phradnhs y suphrvdscr phrgcehethgheth su `hshgphój.
Hn trclckj he hqudpj, hs hn trclckj ojncljrctdvj phrgceheth ojgj ejrgc `h oje`uotc ncljrcn, lusoce`j nj sdmudheth; - Nc ojetrcpjsdodÿe `h d`hcs acvjrhoh nc orhctdvd`c` y nc deejvcodÿe. - Ncs `hodsdjehs sje tjgc`cs pjr ojeshesj. - Ncs `hodsdjehs sh tjgce `h gcehrc gãs deajrgc`c - Njs pcrtdodpceths `hn hqudpj sh devjnuorce oje ncs `hodsdjehs y c`qudhrhe ue dethräs phrsjecn he nc cpndocodÿe hxdtjsc `h ncs sjnuodjehs c njs prjlnhgcs. R._.?. Cngcohecr y ojeshrvcr ldhehs y rhoursjs h`uoctdvjs Dgpnhghetcr hstrcthmdcs `h ojeshrvcodÿe, gcethedgdhetj y prhvheodÿe he hn oud`c`j `h nc dearchstruoturc, njs gcthrdc, njs gjldndcrdj, y shmurd`c` `h nc dearchstruoturc, gcthrdcnhs y njs shrvdodjs lãsdojs R._.0. Ojeshrvcr dearchstruoturc y shrvdodjs lãsdojs Hkhoutcr hn pnce `h shmurd`c` he mhstdÿe `h rdhsmjs, ougpndgdhetj `h rjnhs `h njs cotjrhs h`uoctdvjs c trcväs `h ejrgcs `h ojevdvheodc y kjrec`cs `h rhanhxdÿe y sdguncorjs 0.0.
RH\ADNH_ @H NJ_ COPJ\H_ ;
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
RH\ADN @H NC_/NJ_ H_PX@DCEPH_ Hgprhe`h`jrcs hgprhe`h`jrhs (ohps). \hsodndheth Cutÿejgj.Z ojestrudr su prjpdj cprhe`dzckh. Cotdtu` cldhrtc.Z rhsphtcr nc d`hetd`c` phrsjecn. Ojetrjnc sus hgjodjehs. Çethmrj.Z prcotdoc `h vcnjrhs (rhsphtj, rhspjescldnd`c`, fjehstd`c`, ncljrdjsd`c`, mrctdtu`). Nç`hr.Z shr phrsucsdvjs, `hgjorãtdoj. Cotdtu` pjsdtdvc hgprhe`h`jrc h deejvc`jrc. Fjehstj y trclckj he lcsh `h prdeodpdjs y vcnjrhs. \hanhxdvj.Z hgdth kudodjs orçtdojs rhanhxdvjs. Hs ojesodheth `h sus cotjs. Csugh hn ojgprjgdsj `h sus aueodjehs, coodjehs y hxprhsdjehs rhspjesclnhgheth. _jnd`crdj.Z hs cntrudstc. Ojetrdluyh c ncs ojjphrcodjehs. Pjnhrceth Dethrvdheh he njs prjyhotjs `h sjnuodÿe `h njs prjlnhgcs `hn ojnhmdj. Rrjguhvh ue ondgc destdtuodjecn crgjedjsj. Rrcotdoce `hpjrths pcrc ghkjrcr su ocnd`c` `h vd`c Ojeodheodc hojnÿmdoc.Z ojeshrvcr hn gh`dj cgldheth @hscrrjnnc prãotdocs `h devhstdmcodÿe Rrcotdoc `dvhrscs hstrcthmdcs `h cprhe`dzckh
RH\ADN @HN @JOHEPH_ •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nd`hrczmj ph`cmÿmdoj \hsodndheth Hgprhe`h`jr Deejvc`jr(c), h devhstdmc`jr, orhctdvj Cshrtdvj(c) Ocpcod`c` `h Hsouofc Ojeodheodc hojnÿmdoc Rrcotdoc njs vcnjrhs(rhsphtj, rhspjescldnd`c`, fjehstd`c`, ncljrdjsd`c`, mrctdtu`), ätdojs y pctrdÿtdojs Rcrtdodpc he prjyhotjs `h `hscrrjnnj ojguecn 3=
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rhrgdth uec ojguedocodÿe phrgcehethgheth oje njs ojgpjeheths `h nc ojgued`c` h`uoctdvc `hn pncethn Gcehkc ncs fhrrcgdhetcs `h nc ojgputcodÿe h deajrgãtdoc Hstdgunc hn cprhe`dzckh sdmedadoctdvj. Lrde`c cahotj , ojeadcezc, oje ue trctj cgclnh y tjnhrceth @jgdec njs heajquhs cotucndzc`js `h nc h`uocodÿe y su hsphodcnd`c` @jgdec nc thjrçc ourrdouncr, ncs täoedocs `h pncedadocodÿe y `dvhrsdadocodÿe ourrdouncr. @jgdec ncs täoedocs h destrughetjs `h hvcnucodÿe cotucndzc`js. Rrjguhvh hn cutj h Çethr cprhe`dzckh. Rrjguhvh nc devhstdmcodÿe odhetçadoc. Cojgpcócgdhetj `h njs `joheths c njs hstu`dceths Pdheh `jgdedj `h sus hgjodjehs .
RH\ADN @H NJ_ CXVDNDC\H_ Nd`hrczmj ph`cmÿmdoj Hgprhe`h`jr \hsodndheth Ajghetc trctj rhsphtujsj oje njs hstu`dceths Ocpcod`c` `h rhsjnuodÿe `h ojeandotjs Ojguedocodÿe phrgceheth oje tutjrhs y pc`rhs `h acgdndc Prcesgdtdr njs vcnjrhs gjrcnhs y pctrdÿtdojs Ojejohr njs `hlhrhs `h njs edójs Gjedtjrhj phrgceheth c njs hstu`dceths \hsphtj c njs cotjrhs h`uoctdvjs Pjnhrceth Ojeodheodc hojnÿmdoc Ojjphrctdvj, trclckj he hqudpj Csugh dedodctdvcs pcrc sjnuodjecr prjlnhgcs
RH\ADN @HN HSXDRJ @D\HOPDQJ T KH\Ã\SXDOJ.
•
•
•
•
Nd`hrczmj ph`cmÿmdoj hgprhe`h`jr \hsodndheth Hgpãtdoj Pjnhrceth Hsouofc cotdvc Hqudpj `drhotdvj, khrãrqudoj, `joheth oje mrce edvhn prjahsdjecn, quh cojgpcóce he hn `hscrrjnnj `hn prjohsj ph`cmÿmdoj Rrjguhvh uec mhstdÿe `hgjorãtdoc y pcrtdodpctdvc, `hsohetrcndzce`j hn pj`hr `h `hodsdÿe oje nd`hrczmj ph`cmÿmdoc. Rrjguhvh ue ondgc `h ojeadcezc, tjnhrceodc y hgpctçc pcrc nc ncljr h`uoctdvc Ojejoh y jrdhetc he nc cpndocodÿe `h ncs euhvcs ojrrdheths ph`cmÿmdocs ojethgpjrãehcs Dgpunsc Pcnnhrhs `h Cotucndzcodÿe ojetdeuc pcrc hn phrsjecn Khrãrqudoj, Khrãrqudoj, `joheth, C`gdedstrctdvj y `h shrvdodj. Dgpunsc y `drdmh nc ncljr c`gdedstrctdvc, pcrc uec rãpd`c y hadocz ctheodÿe. Rrjpdodc cotdvd`c`hs `hstdece`j hsauhrzjs cn `hscrrjnnj phrgceheth `hn pncethn he ajrgc cotdvc y prjcotdvc.
36
RH\ADN @HN RH\_JECN C@GDED_P\CPDQJ
Ocpcod`c` c`gdedstrctdvc Nç`hr `h mhstdÿe hgprhe`h`jr \hsodndheth Ctheodÿe jpjrtuec oje rhsphtj, cgcldnd`c` y shrvdodj c nc ojgued`c` Rrcotdoc `h luhecs rhncodjehs fugcecs @ctjs cotucndzc`js `h njs hstu`dceths he ajrgc jpjrtuec Hetrhmc `h eÿgdecs `h hstu`dceths Devhetcrdj cotucndzc`j Ojncljrc h dgpunsc njs prjohsjs `h mhstdÿe oje `decgdsgj y ohnhrd`c`. Ojncljrc he hn `hscrrjnnj `h njs prjyhotjs `h deejvcodÿe ph`cmÿmdoc njmçstdoc
RH\ADN @H NJ_ RC@\H_ @H ACGDNDC •
•
•
•
•
0.8.
Csugh su rhspjescldnd`c` ojgj pc`rhs ordstdcejs quh trcesgdthe y ajrtcnhohe njs vcnjrhs hspdrdtucnhs, ätdojs y odu`c`cejs. Ojncljrc oje nc ajrgcodÿe dethmrcn `h sus fdkjs(cs) devjnuorãe`jsh he tj`cs ncs cotdvd`c`hs hsojncrhs. H`uoc oje cgjr y rhsphtj c su fdkj(c) pcrc quh su ojgpjrtcgdhetj sh gcedadhsth he nc vd`c hsojncr. Ojncljrc he nc sjnuodÿe `h prjlnhgcs prjpjedhe`j cnthrectdvcs `h sjnuodÿe arheth c njs ojeandotjs. Hstdguncr hn cprhe`dzckh y hkhrododjs `h njs vcnjrhs phrsjecnhs y sjodcnhs gh`dceth hn hkhgpnj.
R\JTHOPJ_ @H GHKJ\C
0.8.3. R\JOH_J H_P\CPÄMDOJ_ - MH_PDßE DE_PDPXODJECN R\J@XOPJ 3. Hncljrcr ue Rrjyhotj H`uoctdvj Destdtuodjecn, \hmncghetj Dethrej y ejrgcs `h ojevdvheodc oje nc pcrtdodpcodÿe pnhec `h tj`c nc ojgued`c` h`uoctdvc, quh ojesd`hrh ojethxtj, deonusdÿe, ocrcothrçstdocs, ehohsd`c`hs `h njs hstu`dceths y hn `hscrrjnnj `h ncs ojgphtheodcs R\J@XOPJ <. Rnce `h `hscrrjnnj phrsjecn y prjahsdjecn `hn `drhotdvj, `joheth, c`gdedstrctdvj R\J@XOPJ ?. @dsarutcsgjs `h euhstrc cutjhvcnucodÿe R\J@XOPJ 0. Ghkjrcgjs euhstrj `hshgphój oje euhstrj Rnce `h gjedtjrhj `h nc mhstdÿe h`uoctdvc. R\J@XOPJ 8. Ojejodhe`j y prcotdoce`j euhstrjc euhstrc ojevdvheodc hsojncr. 0.8.<. R\JOH_J GD_DJECNH_- MH_PDßE RH@CMßMDOC Rrjyhotj Ourrdouncr Destdtuodjecn pcrtdodpctdvcgheth, R\J@XOPJ 3. \hhstruoturcgjs euhstrj ojfhrheth oje hn RHD, crtdounc`j oje njs mrc`js, ãrhcs, rhoursjs y nc ojgued`c` h`uoctdvc
R\J@XOPJ <. Hstu`dceths pcrtdodpce`j he cuncs aueodjecnhs pjr ãrhcs Ourrdouncrhs R\J@XOPJ ? Rrjmrcgc `h gjedtjrhj y cojgpcócgdhetj pcrc `cr sjpjrth cn `hshgphój ph`cmÿmdoj `hn `joheth y pjtheodcr ue ondgc `h scec ojevdvheodc quh acvjrhzoc hn njmrj `h njs cprhe`dzckhs . R\J@XOPJ 0. „Ajrtcnhodhe`j euhstrjs ojejodgdhetjs he nc prhvheodÿe y gcehkj `h ojeandotjs‗ R\J@XOPJ 8Ajrtcnhodhe`j euhstrcs rhncodjehs dethrphrsjecnhs gh`dceth cotdvd`c`hs rhorhctdvcs y heouhetrjs vdvheodcnhs R\J@XOPJ 1 „Ghkjrce`j euhstrcs hstrcthmdcs ph`cmÿmdocs pcrc hn `hscrrjnnj `h ojgphtheodcs . R\J@XOPJ =. Prclckj ojekuetj oje euhstrjs pc`rhs y gc`rhs `h acgdndc 34
R\JTHOPJ_ @H DEEJQCODßE c) Ajrgce`j cnugecs Hgprhscrdcs oje Qdsdÿe Hojturçstdoc. l) Hstu`dce`j he ue cgldheth cmrc`clnh y `dsodpndec`j. o) Cprhe`cgjs c hstu`dcr h devhstdmcr.
0.8.?. R\JOH_J @H _JRJ\PH - MH_PDßE C@GDED_P\CPDQC R\J@XOPJ 3.Mhstdÿe `h rdhsmjs, mhstdÿe cgldhetcn y jphrctdvdzcodÿe `h nc mhstdÿe `h hqudpcgdhetj `h gcthrdcnhs y rhoursjs R\J@XOPJ <. Ojeshrvcgjs euhstrjs cgldheths y gcthrdcnhs h`uoctdvjs R\J@XOPJ ?. Prclckjs he prjyhoodÿe sjsdcn oje nc ojgued`c`
Cehxj. ? Jrmcedmrcgc Rcrtdodpcodÿe he ncs pnhecrdcs; @drhotdvjs, Khrãrqudojs, @joheths, Hstu`dceths, Rc`rhs `h Acgdndc `h ncs `dvhrscs hsphodcnd`c`hs `h nc Destdtuodÿe. DD. Rhrsjecn `drhotdvj khrãrqudoj Njur`hs Hvc Ohodndj `h Ndgcynnc Hndvdj Anjrheodj Gcnnqud Edhtj Gh`cndt Gcrdtc Gcezcej Ghkçc \jlhrtj Qdnncrrhcn @jgçemuhz Ocrjndec Ocvcndä \jnce`j Oruz Ocetcrdej @urce Gcrçc Qheturc Ocscs Ejhgç Cnvcrc`j Qcrc Jsocr Rärhz Gcrgcednnj Mnc`ds _uãrhz Gjrcnhs; @crçj Sudsph Ocrrcsoj; Lhrtrce` Ghe`jzc Adrgc Octhrdeh Mj`jy Hqudpj `h `joheths pjr acotjrhs
@drhotjrc _ul`drhotjr `h Ajrgcodÿe Mhehrcn Rhrdj`j D _ul`drhotjrc `h Ajrgcodÿe Mhehrcn Rhrdj`j DD _ul`drhotjr C`gdedstrctdvj Ojjr`dec`jrc `h Ojguedocodÿe Ojjr`dec`jr `h Gcthgãtdoc Ojjr`dec`jr `h Odheodcs _jodcnhs RH\ACF\ Ojjr`dec`jr `h PJH y Cotdvd`c`hs D Ojjr`dec`jr `h PJH y Cotdvd`c`hs DD. Ojjr`dec`jrc `h OPC Ojjr`dec`jr `h OPC Ojjr`dec`jr `h Gcthgãtdoc \hprhshetceth `h `joheth
<2
DE@DOH Rãmdec Ocrãtunc ........................... ......................................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ...................... ......... D. @ctjs Deajrgctdvjs `h nc Destdtuodÿe ………………………………
3 <
DD. D`hetd`c` `h nc D.H ….....................................................................
<
<.3. Qdsdÿe ‟ Gdsdÿe, prdeodpdjs y Qcnjrhs............................ Qcnjrhs................................... ....... <.0. Rrdeodpdjs …………………………… …………………………………………………….. ……………………….. <.8. Qcnjrhs …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………… ……
< ? ?
DDD; Rncehcgdhetj c cn gh`dcej pnczj …………………………….
?
?.3. @dcmeÿstdoj......................... @dcmeÿstdoj...................................... ............................ ............................. ...................... ........ c) \hojpdncodÿe `h nc Deajrgcodÿe……………………….. ?.<. Ocrcothrdzcodÿe `h nc pjlncodÿe hsojncr `h nc ojgued`c` ?.?. Rrjlnhgãtdoc rhourrheth he nc nc pjlncodÿe hsojncr ………. ?.0. Ocrcothrdzcodÿe `h njs hstu`dceths ……………………….. ?.8. Ocrcothrdstdocs ounturcnhs y sjodcnhs `h nc ojgued`c`…. ?.1. Ocrcothrdstdocs `hn hetjrej mhjmrãadoj `h nc ojgued`c` ?.=. Ocrcothrdstdocs hojeÿgdocs `h nc ojgued`c`…………… ?.6. Ceãndsds y sdsthgctdzcodÿe `h rhsuntc`js pjr prjohsjs he nc Destdtuodÿe …………………………………………………………… C. Gctrdz AJ@C …………………………………………… L. Gctrdz `h rhvdsdÿe `h njs prjohsjs ………………………. O. Ceãndsds `h nc gctrdz gctrdz AJ@C ………………………………… ……………………………………. …. @. Ojeonusdj ………………………………………………………… ?.4. Jlkhtdvjs hstrctämdojs, mhehrcnhs…..................................... Jlkhtdvjs hstrctämdojs ………………………………………. ………………………………………. Jlkhtdvjs gdsdjecnhs ………………………………………… ………………………………………… Jlkhtdvjs `h sjpjrth ………………………………………… …………………………………………
? ? ? ? ? 8 1 =.
DQ. Rrjpuhstc `h Mhstdÿe ................................ ................................................. .............................. ............... ..
38
0.3.Rrjohsjs hstrctämdojs……………………………… hstrctämdojs……………………………………… ……… Rrjohsj gdsdjecnhs …………………………………………… Rrjohsjs `h sjpjrth ………………………………………… Rrjyhotjs `h ghkjrc ………………………………………… Cehxj 3……………………………………………………… 3………………………………………………………… … DE@DOH ………………………………………………………. Cehxj < jrmcedmrcgc …………………………………. CEHVJ ?. CECND_ T RJE@H\CODßE AJ@C AJ@C ……………
4 4 32 3< 3?
30 38 38 38
38 31 31 3= 34 <2 <2 <3 <3