PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN:
LA VENTA VENTAJA DEL USO USO DEL DEL GAS GAS LICU LICUAD ADO O DE PETR PETRÓL ÓLEO EO (GLP (GLP)) EN RELACIÓN AL USO DE LA GASOLINA EN LOS VEHÍCULOS SEDÁN (TAXIS)
PRESENTADO POR.
ESPECIALIDAD: MECÁNICA AUTOMOTRIZ TURNO DIURNO LIMA OCTUBRE -!!"
DEDICATORIA E# $%&' %&'&& %*+*, # &/0
I.
1ORMULACION DEL PROBLEMA
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II.
OBJETIVOS II.> G&&%*# C0&% #*' 6&*,*' &# 4' &# G*' L/04* & P&%7#& (GLP) & %&#*0/7 *# 4' & #* G*'#/* $% #' 6&904#' '&; 08 *. II. E'$&0/0 C0&% #*' 6&*,*' &# 4' & #* *'#/* $% #' 6&904#'
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III.
JUSTI1ICACIÓN III.>J4'//0*0/7 &# $%+#&8* E'& %*+*, & /6&'/*0/7 &' /8$%*& $%4& $&%8//%; 00&% #* &6#40/7 #*' 6&*,*' 4& %&0& #* *'#/* 08 08+4'/+#& & %&#*0/7 * #*' 6&*,*' 4& %&0& &# 4' &# G*' L/04* & P&%7#& (GLP)? 0'/&%* #* &08* *8/#/*%. E'& %&04%' *4%*# &'* * 0 #* &&0/* & $%&&% *# 8&/*8+/&&? $4&' '7# $%40& &# F! &# *' 0*%+7/0 4&
&&%* &# 0*%+7 4 & #' 4& $%40& #' &%/6*' &# $&%7#&. E' &'? 4& #' /0&' & 0*8/*0/7 +&/' 0 &# 4' &# *' *4%*# &'; 84 $% &+*, & #' 8;
III.J4'//0*0/7 & #* I6&'/*0/7 L* /6&'/*0/7 &' /8$%*& $%4& $&%8//%; 00&% #* &6#40/7 & #*' 6&*,*' 4& %&0& #* *'#/* 08 08+4'/+#& & %&#*0/7 * #*' 6&*,*' 4& %&0& &# 4' &# G*' L/04* & P&%7#& (GLP)? 0'/&%* #* &08* *8/#/*%.
IV.
MARCO TEÓRICO IV.>
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C*** C94&94*0*? J4*? !!. C6&%'/7 &# '/'&8* *'#/&%* * '/'&8* & *' #/04* & $&%7#&? I%8& & $%;0/0*' $%&'/*#&' $*%* +&&% &# 4# $%&'/*# & T50/0 & M&0;/0* A48%/? L/8*-P&%K.
P*%* M5& (!!"? $. )? *# &'*%%##*% &# /$ & /6&'/*0/7 '& &+& 0'/&%*% &# /6&# & 00/8/& 0/&/0 (+'&%6*0/7? &'0%/$0/7? &<$#/0*0/7) *# 4& &'$&%* ##&*% &# /6&'/*%? '& &+& %84#*% &# /$ & &'4/.
E%& *? T*8* (!!")? %&/&%& 04* '& 6* * %&'#6&% 4 $%+#&8* & %8* 0/&/0*? &' 06&/&& 00&% #' /$' & /6&'/*0/&' &
A/0/*#8&&? C9;6& (!!"? $. >FF)? &<$%&'* 4& &# /$ & /6&'/*0/7 '& &&%8/* & *04&% 0 &# /$ & $%+#&8* 4& &# #&0% &'&* '#40/*%? +,&/6' 4& $%&&* #%*% /'$/+/#/* & %&04%''.
E# /6&'/*% &+& /**% '+%& 4& %' 0%/&%/' 0#*'//0*%; '4 &'4/? 0 &# +,& & 08$#&*% *# &<$#/0*0/7? '&@*#* & &'*
8*&%* #*' %*&' 0'/&%**' $*%* /0#4/%#*' & #' /6&%'' /$'? +*';'& & #* %&*#/* & '4 %*+*, 0/&/0.
IV.2
Bases teóricas científicas
..> E# 98+%& &# 4' & /6&%'*' &&%*' $*%* %*'$%*%'& P%/8&% 4& &# *'? #4& #* 4&%* &<$*'/6* &# 6*$% & *4*? #& '/4/&% 8&0#*' 0*%+4%**' &%& &##*' #* *'#/* &# /&'&#- *9%* '4%& 4* 4&6* $%$4&'* 4& %&'4#* 8;' &078/0* 8&' 0*8/*&: E'* 9* '/ #* %*&0%/* &# 6&904# * %*65' & #*' /6&%'*' 4&&' & &&%* 4& 9* 06&%/ &'* 8*4/* & 4 &#&8& //'$&'*+#& $*%* ##&6*% *# 98+%& & 4 &<%&8 * % & #* T/&%%*. P&% $*%* #%*%#? #' 6&904#' *#/8&*' 0 08+4'/+#&' #4/' %&4&%/%; 8//0*0/&' 50/0*' $*%* '4 *&04* 40/*8/& 0 *' *4%*#.
.. E# 4' &# G*' L/04* &# P&%7#& (GLP) &# G*' N*4%*# C8$%/8/ (GNC) 08 4&& & &&%*. E# GLP *' #/04* &# $&%7#& '& &04&%* 08 4 '4+$%40 $%6&/&& &# $%0&' & %&/* &# $&%7#& *8+/5 &# $%0&' & +&0/7 &# *' *4%*#. E# GLP &' +;'/0*8&& 4*
8&0#* & *'&' &%& #' 4& '& &04&%* &# $%$*? +4*? $%$/#& +4/#&? &%& %'? & /&%&&' $%$%0/&'? &'*0* #' ' $%/8&%'. S/ +/& &'* 8&0#* '& $%&'&* & &'* *'&'? *# &#&6*% #* $%&'/7 ? #' 08$&&' $*'* * 4* *'& #4/*.
..F H* 4 0%&0/&& 4' &# GLP &# GNC 08 08+4'/+#& L* &&0/* &' 0%&0/&& & &# 84? 08 0'&04&0/* & #* $%&04$*0/7 & #' &<$&%' & 8&/ *8+/&& 4/&&' ''/&& 4& &# 0*#&*8/& & #* T/&%%* +&&0& & %* $*%& * #*' &8/'/&' & *' 0*%+7/0 4& $%40& #* 08+4'/7 & *'#/* /&'&#. AK 04* #* 0/%* & 6&904#' * +*'& & *' &' #/&%*8&& '4$&%/% *# 8/##7? & #' !! 8/##&' 4& %4&* $% #*' /6&%'*' *4$/'*' 0*%%&&%*' &# #+ &%%;4&? * ' F $*'&' #' 4& 9* 08&* * *$#/0*% &# *' 08 08+4'/+#& *48%. L 0/&% &' 4& &'& %&04%' *4%*# &'* * 0 #* &&0/* & $%&&% *# 8&/*8+/&&? $4&' '7# $%40& &# F! &# *' 0*%+7/0 4& &&%* &# 0*%+7 4 & #' 4& $%40& #' &%/6*' &# $&%7#&. E' &'? 4& #' /0&' & 0*8/*0/7 +&/' 0 &# 4' &# *' *4%*# &'; 84 $% &+*, & #' 8;
.. A%&/* &' &# $*' #&% & &# 84 & &# 4' &# GNC A%&/* &' &# $*' #&% & &# 84 & &# 4' &# *' *4%*# 08$%/8/ (GNC) & 6&904#' #/6/*'. D&'& &# 08/& & '4 4/#/*0/7? & >"? 8;' & "!!?!! 6&904#' 4&% **$*' * &'& 08+4'/+#&? & * 4& #* %& & &'*0/&' & '&%6/0/ * '48* 8;' & !! &'*+#&0/8/&'. E &'& 8&%0*? G*' N*4%*# BAN /&& 4 /8$%*& %# * %*65' & #*' >> &'*0/&' *+*'&0/*'? 04 &'$*09 $%8&/ *#/* >? !!!?!!! & 8F. /*%/'. G*' N*4%*# BAN? ,4 * %*' /'%/+4/%*' & *'? #* /4'%/* *48%/
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.. 2345 6&904#' $4&& 4'*% 08 08+4'/+#& &# GLP &# GNC= E# '/'&8* & GLP &# 8&* $4&& '&% /'*#* & 4 *4876/# 4& 40/* 0 *'#/*? '&* 0 0*%+4%*% 0 /&00/7 0**#/0* 0 /&00/7 0**#/0*. E' /8$%*& 4& &# 6&904# 4& '& &'&* %*'%8*% 40/& 0%%&0*8&& 0 *'#/*? & 8 $*%/04#*% &# &0&/ &# '/'&8* 2%/0 &+& '&% 0%#*' *&' & 8*% &# '/'&8*.
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B. E# 6&904# &/0* U 6&904# * *' *4%*# &/0* &' 4 6&904# 4& $4&& $&%*% '#*8&& 4'* *' *4%*#. L' 6&904#' * GNC &/0*' $4&& '&% 6&904#' * *'#/* 4& '& 9* 06&%/ $*%* $&%*% 0 *' *4%*#. L* 8*% $*%& & #' 6&904#' * GNC &/0*'? '/ &8+*%? ' $%40/' $% *+%/0*&' & &4/$' %//*#&'? *#&' 08 &' &# 0*' & #& &8$%&'* 1%? H* G&&%*# M%'? 4& *+%/0* &'' 6&904#' $*%* &# '&8& & %*+*, #/6/* 4* '&%/& & *+%/0*&' & 0*8/&' +4'&' $*%* &# '&8& & '&%6/0/ 8&/* $&'*. I&%*0/*#8&&? #* 8*% $*%& & #' *+%/0*&' & 6&904#' /&& 6&904#' * GNC $%/$'? $*%* &8'%*0/7 & $%400/7. P% &,&8$#? 6&904#' * GNC ,*$&'&'. T' #' $%/0/$*#&' *+%/0*&' & *4876/#&'? 0*8/&' +4'&' 9* 0'%4/ $%/$' & 6&904#' * GNC &/0*'. H*
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
.. I'*#*0/7 &# S/'&8* & A#/8&*0/7 * G*' P*%* 08&*% 0 #* 4&6* /'*#*0/7 '& /'*#*%; 4 *4& * $%4&+* & /8$*0' &'$&0/*#8&& /'&@* $*%* 0&&% &# '48//'% & *' (*+%/0* 0 09*$* & *0&% & * F?> 88 & &'$&'%). P*%* 048$#/% '4 08&/? &'& *4& &+& 048$#/% 0/&%'
&';*%&' & '&4%/* $% &,&8$#? #' *4&' %*+*,* * 4* $%&'/7 & " 08 (>!! PSI) $&% ' $%+*' 9*'* * 8 (! PSI). E# *4& &+& $%&'&*% 4* &#&0%6;#64#* 8K#/$#&? 4& +#4&* * $5%/* & *' & 0*' & *00/&&'? *&8;'? /8$/& 4& 04$& 8;' &# ! & #* 0*$*0/* &# *4& & //0* &# /6&# & GLP & &# &$7'/. P% % #*? &# %*'$%& &# *' &'& &# *4& 9*'* &# %&40% '& %&*#/* $% 8&/ & 4* 4+&%* & 0+%& #&
.." 140/*8/& &# S/'&8* & A#/8&*0/7 * G*'. E# R&40% C*$/*# C8 $*%& $%/8%/*# &# S/'&8* 9*0/& #*' 6&0&' & #* +8+* & *'#/* '& &04&%* 4 %&40% 6*$%/*% /'$'//6 4& $&%8/& &# 0*8+/ 5%8/0 &0&'*%/ $*%* #* &6*$%*0/7 08$#&* &# GLP (4& '& *#8*0&* & *'& #4/* '& %&4/&%& & &'* *'&') * 8 & '&% *'$/%* $% &# 8%. A &'& '& *@*& 4 8&0#*%? &0*%* & '48//'%*% *# 8% 4* 0*/* & *' /%&0*8&& $%$%0/*# *# */%& *'$/%* $% &# 8/'8 8%. E# 8% ('&* /&0* 0*%+4%*) &0&'*%/*8&& ##&6* 4 &6*$%*%. C8 &# GLP &' *#8*0&* & %8* #4/* &% &# *4& & 08+4'/+#&? &'& &+& 6*$%/*%'& $*%* 8&0#*%'& 0 &#
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
En el caso del motor a inyección electrónica multiunto E &# 0*' &# 8% * /&00/7 &#&0%7/0* 84#/$4? #' /&0%&' %&0/+& 4* '&@*# 2%/0* 4& %&* *+%/% 4* 6;#64#*? &,* /%&'*% $4#6&%/* #* *'#/* &% &# 40 & *8/'/7. L* 6;#64#* '& *+%/%; & *04&% * #* 4%*0/7 & #* '&@*#? /%&'* *' 8*% 8&% 0*/* & *'#/*. E $%/0/$/? $*%* &# 40/*8/& &# S/'&8* & G*' '& *4#* #* '&@*# 2%/0* 4& ##&* * #' /&0%&'? #4& &# *' &' *$#/0* & &# 40 & /%&' *# 8K#/$#& & *8/'/7. P*%* 048$#/% &'* 40/7 '& 4/#/*%; #* ##*8** 4/* & 8&0#* $% & /%&'* &# *'? #*
04*# /&& 4* %8* %/*# 0 4* '&%/& & *4,&%' /&%'. S& 04&* *&8;' 0 4 '/84#*% &#&0%7/0 0&0* * #' /&0%&'? 04* 40/7 &' 8**% $4#'' * #* 08$4*%* &6/*% 4& &'* K#/8* %*'8/* 4* '&@*# & *##* *# $*&# & 0%#.
.. V&*,*' 4& %&0& &# S/'&8* & C8+4'/+#& * G*' L*' 6&*,*' 4& %&0& &# S/'&8* ': *. E# *9%%? & 08$*%*0/7 0 &# 0'48 %&4#*% & *'#/* #* 0/%* & 8# '& &+&%; 8*&&% 0'*& & 0*' $%* 8&,%*%? $% # 4& &# *9%% %*/0* 8;' & &# 8&% $%&0/ &# GLP? 4 $%8&/ & S.?! $% *#7? 4& & #* /'8/40/7 &# 0'48. +. D/'8/40/7 & #* &8/'/7 & *'&' 0*8/*&' 08 &# 87
. E# 0' & '4 /'*#*0/7 #40K* &%& #' !! !! 7#*%&' *8&%/0*' 4& '& $4&& %&04$&%*%? 8&/*& &# *9%% & &# $%&0/ &# 08+4'/+#&? & *$%
!.2." Reconocimiento de los comonentes del sistema de #$% T*4&' $*%* 4' *48%/ E# %&0/$/&& $*%* *#8*0&*8/& & GLP &+& &'*% /'*#* & 8*&%* $&%8*&& & &# 6&904#? ' #' *4&' 0'%4/' $*%* '&% /'*#*' & 6&904#' *48%/0&' &+& &'*% 0*#04#*' $*%* 4* $%&'/7 & .> M$* (F>. PSIG). L' *4&' & GLP $*%* 4' *48%/ &+& '&% *+%/0*' & *04&% * 4* & &'*' ' %8*' & *+%/0*0/7? 8/&%*' &. C7/ * '8& ' & 0 0 /7 VI I ? /6/ ' /7 > $* % * *4& ' 9%/*#&'. . U ECE " R.!>? %&4#*0/7 " &# *04&%: EECEF? EECETRANS.
M&#' 6*%/&*&' & *4&' & GLP & &# 8&%0*
T' #' *4&' *&' & '&% $4&'' * #* 6&* ' '8&/' * $%4&+*' 84 &'%/0*' & *#* $%&'/7 &'*' ' *%*/**' 8&/*& 4 0&%//0* &# 04*# '& &%&* *# 0#/&& & &# 88& & #* 08$%*? ,4 0 4* $#*0* 8&;#/0* #* 04*# &'* 4+/0** & &# *4&? //0* '4 0*$*0/* #* $'/0/7 & #* 4& &+& /% /'*#*.
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E' 4 /'$'//6 0'%4/ $% 4 %4$ 8&0;/0 08$#&, 4& /'*#* '+%& &# &$7'/ & GLP /&& #*' '/4/&&' 40/&':
R&$'/0/7 &# GLP * %*65' & #* 8* & 0*%* 0 0/&%%& *48;/0 *# ! & #* 0*$*0/* #+*# &# &$7'/ 8&/*&
4 /'$'//6 8&0;/0? *00/* $% #*%. T8* &# GLP & *'& #4/* 8&/*& 4 4+ $&'0*&
'48&%/. I/0*% &# /6&# & GLP 8&/*& 4 '/'&8* 8*5/0 6/'/+#& & 4 04*%*& & 04*% '&0%&' 8;' 4 $*%* #* %&'&%6* #* 84#/6;#64#* $4&& '&% &4/$** 0 4 '&'% &#&0%7/0 4& 0&0* * 4 *&04* //0*% $&%8/* 6/'4*#/*% *#
040% &# /6&# & 0*%+4%*& $%&'&& & &# &$7'/. I&%0&$*0/7 *48;/0* $% &<0&' & #4/ 4& 0/&%%* #* '*#/* &# *' 8&/*& 4* 6;#64#* /&%* & 0*' & %4%* &# 4+ & *#* $%&'/7.
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H & * '& $4&& &0%*% & &# 8&%0* H & * '& $4&& &0%*% & &# 8&%0* 4* 0*/* &%8& & 84#/6;#64#*' & * 0*#/*? $%&0/? %8*' *8*@' # /8$%*& &' 4& 048$#* 0 #*' 0/0/&' 8/8*' &0&'*%/*' #*' 04*#&' * &'0%/+/8' & &'& 0*$4#.
LINEAS DE CONDUCCION DE GLP D&% & #*' #&*' & 0400/7 & GLP &&8' #*' 0*@&%*' %/*' &'*' &%; 4& &'*% *+%/0**' & 0+%& &+&%; 0*% 0 #*' '/4/&&' 0/0/&':
C*@&%* & 88 & /;8&% $*%* 84#/6;#64#*' 4& '4' '*#/*' & GLP '&* & 88 %&40%&' 4& &* &%** & #*
8/'8* 8&/*. L*' 0*@&%*' & GLP S 8;' %/*' '$%* $%&'/&' 8409 8*' &#&6**' 4& #*' 0*@&%*' 06&0/*#&'? '4 04+/&%* & $#/&/#& $&%8/& #* *+'%0/7 &# 0*#% *'&4%* *' 4& &# GLP ##&4& *# %&40% & '4 &'* #4/.
C*@&%* & 88 & /;8&% $*%* 84#/6;#64#*' 04*' '*#/*' & GLP '&* & 88 %&40%&' 4& &* &%** & #* 8/'8*
8&/*. L*' 0*@&%*' &%; 4& &&% 4 %'% & 88 &'*% 04+/&% 0 $#/&/#& $*%* *'&4%*% '4 $%&00/7 */'#*8/& & 0*' & $'/+#& *+'%0/7 & 0*#%.
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Conmutador'indicador electrónico
A) M74# & 8* 0 #*' '/4/&&' 40/&' $%/0/$*#&' $*%* 6&904#' 0 /&00/7 &#&0%7/0*:
S&#&0% &# 08+4'/+#& * 4'*% *'*'#/* & ' $'/0/&'. I/0*0/7 &# 08+4'/+#& & 4' 8&/*& ' #&' #48/''. V/'4*#/*0/7 &# /6&# #4/ &# *' $%&'&& & &# *4&.
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B) M74# & 8* 0 #*' '/4/&&' 40/&' $%/0/$*#&' $*%* 6&904#' 0 0*%+4%*%.
S&#&0% &# 08+4'/+#& * 4'*% *'*'#/* & %&' $'/0/&'? #* $'/0/7 0&%*# &# 084*% 0/&%%* '/84#;&*8&& #*
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V.
METO(O$O#IA .> M5
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VI.
A)%ECTO) A(MI*I)TRATIVO) VI.> R&04%'' 948*': I6&'/*%&':
C#*+%*%&':
VI.
R&04%'' E078/0'
CONCLUSIONES
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00* '4' 6&*,*'? &+/ * &' #* $+#*0/7 $%&/&%& '&4/% 4'* &# 85 08K & #* *'#/* * 4& &'; *0'48+%*' * &'* &8& 4& &# 0' & /'*#*0/7 8*&/8/& &# '/'&8* (GLP) '&* &8*'/* 0''.
