Proses Basic Oxygen Furnace

Proses Basic Oxygen Furnace

Proses tanur oksigen basa ( Basix Oxygen Furnace, BOF) menggunakan besi kasar (65 –  85%) yang dihasikan oeh tanur tinggi sebagai bahan dasar utama dicam!ur dengan besi bekas dan batu ka!ur" Panas ditimbulkan oleh reaksi dengan oksigen. Gagasan ini dicetuskan oleh  Bessemer sekitar tahun 1800.

Pembuatan Ba#a dengan $anur Oksigen Basa (BOF) Besi bekas sebanyak  &'% dimasukkan kedaam be#ana yang dia!isi batu tahan a!i basa" ogam !anas dituangkan kedaam be#ana tersebut" uatu !i!a airan oksigen yang didinginkan dengan air dimasukkan kedaam be#ana * sam!ai & m diatas !ermukaan ogam cair" +nsurunsur  karbon, mangan dan siicon siicon akan teroksidasi" teroksidasi" Batu ka!ur dan kasium -uor ditambahkan ditambahkan untuk  mengikat kotorankotoran se!erti -os-or dan beerang dan membentuk terak" .enis Ba#a yang dihasikan oeh !roses ini adaah Baja karbon & Baja paduan 0,1 % < c < ,0 % /euntungan dari Basic Oxygen Furnace adaah0 •

Basic Oxygen Furnace menggunakan O1 murni tan!a 2itrogen

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Proses hanya ebihkurang 5' menit"

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$idak !eru tuyer di bagian ba3ah

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Phos!hor dan u-ur da!at terusir duu dari!ada karbon

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Biaya o!erasi murah

Basic Oxygen Furnace

Basic oxygen steemaking (BO, BOP, BOF, BOF, and O4), aso kno3n as inona3it in ona3it 7er-ahren steemaking or the oxygen conerter !rocess is a method o- !rimary steemaking in 3hich carbonrich moten Pig 9ron (4P9) is made into stee" Bo3ing oxygen through moten !ig iron o3ers the carbon content o- the aoy and changes it into o3carbon stee" $he !rocess is kno3n as basic due to the ty!e o- re-ractories:cacium oxide and magnesium oxide:that ine the esse to 3ithstand the high tem!erature o- the moten meta" $he !rocess 3as deeo!ed in *;<8 by =obert urrer and commerciaied in *;51–*;5& by >ustrian 7O?$ and @>4A" $he  conerter, named a-ter the >ustrian to3ns in and ona3it (a district o- eoben) is a re-ined ersion o- the Bessemer conerter 3here bo3ing oair is re!aced 3ith bo3ing oxygen" 9t reduced ca!ita cost o- the !ants, time o- smeting, and increased abor !roductiity" Bet3een *;1' and 1''', abor reuirements in the industry decreased by a -actor o- *,''', -rom more than & 3orkerhours !er tonne to #ust '"''&" $he ast ma#ority o- stee manu-actured in the 3ord is !roduced using the basic oxygen -urnaceC in 1''', it accounted -or 6'% o- goba stee out!ut" 4odern -urnaces 3i take a charge o- iron o- u! to

&5' tons and conert it into stee in ess than <' minutes, com!ared to *'–*1 hours in an o!en hearth -urnace"

Process

Basic oxygen steemaking is a !rimary steemaking !rocess -or conerting the moten Pig 9ron (4P9) into stee by bo3ing oxygen through a ance oer the moten !ig iron inside the conerter" $he conerter used -or stee making is caed as Basic Oxygen Furnace because o- the exothermic heat generated by the oxidation reactions during bo3ing" $he basic oxygen steemaking !rocess is as -oo3s0 *" 4oten Pig 9ron (4P9) (sometimes re-erred to as Dhot metaE) -rom a bast -urnace is !oured into a arge re-ractoryined container caed a adeC 1" $he meta in the ade is sent directy -or basic oxygen steemaking or to a !retreatment stage" igh !urity oxygen at a !ressure o- *''*5' !si (!ounds !er inch suare) is introduced at su!ersonic s!eed onto the sur-ace o- the iron bath through a 3atercooed ance, 3hich is sus!ended in the esse and ke!t at -e3 -eet aboe the bath" Pretreatment o- the bast -urnace hot meta is done externay to reduce su!hur, siicon, and !hos!horus be-ore charging the hot meta into the conerter" 9n externa desu!hurising !retreatment, a ance is o3ered into the moten iron in the ade and seera hundred kiograms o- !o3dered magnesium are added and the su!hur im!urities are reduced to magnesium su!hide in a ioent exothermic reaction" $he su-ide is then raked o--" imiar !retreatments are !ossibe -or externa desiiconisation and externa de!hos!horisation using mi scae (iron oxide) and ime as -uxes" $he decision to  !retreat de!ends on the uaity o- the hot meta and the reuired -ina uaity o- the stee"

&" Fiing the -urnace 3ith the ingredients is caed charging" $he BO !rocess is autogenous, i"e" the reuired therma energy is !roduced during the oxidation !rocess" 4aintaining the !ro!er charge baance, the ratio o- hot meta, -rom met, to cod scra!, is there-ore ery im!ortant" BO esse can be tited u! to &6'G and is tited to3ards the desagging side -or charging scra! and hot meta" $he BO esse is charged 3ith stee or iron scra! (15%&'%) i- reuired" 4oten iron -rom the ade is added as reuired -or the charge baance" > ty!ica chemistry o- hotmeta charged into the BO esse is0 <% H, '"1–'"8% i, '"'8%–'"*8% P, and '"'*–'"'<%  a o3hich can be oxidised by the su!!ied oxygen exce!t su!hur (reuires reducing condition)" <" $he esse is then set u!right and a 3atercooed, co!!er ti!!ed ance 3ith &I noes is o3ered do3n into it and high !urity oxygen is deiered at su!ersonic s!eeds" $he ance Dbo3sE ;;% !ure oxygen oer the hot meta, igniting the carbon dissoed in the stee, to -orm carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and causing the tem!erature to rise to about *I''GH" $his mets the scra!, o3ers the carbon content o- the moten iron and he!s remoe un3anted chemica eements" 9t is this use o- !ure oxygen instead o- air that im!roes u!on the Bessemer  !rocess, as the nitrogen (a !articuary undesirabe eement) and other gases in air do not react 3ith the charge" 5" Fuxes (burnt ime or doomite) are -ed into the esse to -orm sag, to maintain basicity more than & and absorbs im!urities during the steemaking !rocess" uring Dbo3ing,E churning ometa and -uxes in the esse -orms an emusion, that -aciitates the re-ining !rocess" 2ear the end o- the bo3ing cyce, 3hich takes about 1' minutes, the tem!erature is measured and sam!es are taken" > ty!ica chemistry o- the bo3n meta is '"&–'";% H, '"'5–'"*% 4n, '"''*–  '"''&% i, '"'*–'"'&%  and '"''5'"'&% P" $a!!ing o- stee -rom BOF0 *" $he BO esse is tited to3ards the desagging side and the stee is !oured through a ta! hoe into a stee ade 3ith basic re-ractory ining" $his !rocess is caed ta!!ing the stee" $he stee is -urther re-ined in the ade -urnace, by adding aoying materias to gie the it s!ecia !ro!erties reuired by the customer" ometimes argon or nitrogen is bubbed into the ade to make the aoys mix correcty" 1" >-ter the stee is !oured o-- -rom the BO esse, the sag is !oured into the sag !ots through the BO esse mouth and dum!ed" Pay the roe o- !ant metaurgist in charge o- the BOF o!erations (tee+niersity"org – BO imuation) Basic Oxygen Furnace Documents

References

* Jiki!edia"org – Basic Oxygen teemaking 1 4cAannon, arod ?" editor (*;I*)" $he 4aking, ha!ing and $reating o- tee0 2inth ?dition" Pittsburgh, Pennsyania0 +nited tates tee Hor!oration" & mi, 7aca (1''6)" $rans-orming the t3entieth century0 technica innoations and their conseuences, 7oume 1" Ox-ord +niersity Press +" 9B2 '*;5*68I55" htt!0KKmetaics"org"ukKbasicoxygen-urnaceK htt!0KKdistributorgasket"bogs!ot"comK1'*1K*1Kbasicoxygen-urnacebo-"htm htt!0KKsysciiedu"bogs!ot"comK1'*'K'6Kteknoogiba#a"htm htt!0KKen"bab"aKdictionaryKengishindonesianKin#ect htt!0KK333"scribd"comKdocK5II1&*<6K!rosesBOFLscribd htt!0KK333"ssab"comKenK9nestor4ediaK>bout>BKteemaking!rocessK$hemetaurgica  !rocessKOrebasedhotmetaandsteeK$he!rocessK htt!0KKen"3iki!edia"orgK3ikiKBasicMoxygenMsteemaking htt!s0KK333"stee"orgK4aking%1'teeKo3%1'9ts%1'4adeKProcessesKProcesses%1'9n-oK$he %1'Basic%1'Oxygen%1'teemaking%1'Process"as!x htt!0KK333"sideshare"netK=>4>H>>=9Kd!rocess&*5&11*5 hg nb