Proposal Skripsi FKIP Inggris

WEN FLYBNLNOWMWFKO KD WNMHEFO@ BFXWNOFO@ ^XFO@ XWKSVCKKA WK WEN DFSXW VNMS XW^GNOWX KD

LMO AMBFCNCNS PKOKXKCK

M/ Cmha`s Cmha`sk~o k~og g kd wen wen Xw~g Xw~gv v

Wen wnmhefo` wnmhefo` kd No`bfx No`bfxe e fo xnofks xnofks efè xhekkb xhekkb %XLM& fx fownog fownogng ng wk gntnbky xw~gnowx‖ hkll~ofhmwftn hklynwnohn/ Wen xw~gnowx xek~bg okw bnmso ekp wk ~xn wen bmo`~m`n fo hkll~ofhmwfko kobv mdwns wenv emtn bnmsong wk lmxwns fwx xws~hw~sn xws~hw~sn fo gsfbbx gsfbbx mog kwens lnhemofhmb nunshfxnx/ nunshfxnx/ Wen xw~gnowx xek~bg xek~bg cn `ftno wen kyyksw~ofwv wk ~xn wenfs xafbbx ntno cndksn wenv emtn hklybnwnbv lmxwnsng wenl/ Wenv xek~bg dkh~x ko wen lnxxm`nx" okw ko wen dksl kd wenfs ~wwnsmohn/ Wesk~è Wesk~è fownsmhwfkox fownsmhwfkox xw~gnowx xw~gnowx hmo fohsnmxn fohsnmxn wenfs bmo`~m`n xwksn mx wenv bfxwno wk ks snmg m~wenowfh bfo`~fxwfh lmwnsfmb" ks ntno wen k~wy~w kd wen kwens xw~gnowx fo gfxh~xxfkox" xafbbx" jkfow yskcbnl xkbtfo` wmxa" ks gfmbk`~n jk~sombx/ Wen xw~gnowx hmo ~xn mbb wekxn ykxxnx kd wen bmo`~m`n fo snmb bfdn nuhemo`nx" pefhe nuysnxx wenfs snmb bfdn lnmofo`/ Wkgm Wkgmv‖ v‖x" x" wnmh wnmhef efo` o` No`b No`bfx fxe e fo XLM XLM fx dkh~ dkh~xn xng g ko wen wen mcfb mcfbfw fwv v wk hkll~ofhmwn pfwe fw/ Fw lnmox wen hkll~ofhmwftn hklynwnohn kd wen xw~gnowx fx wen lmfo xwsnxx/ Xw~gnowx dmhng pfwe hnswmfo xfw~mwfko" pensn wenv l~xw nuysnxx pemw wenv wefoa" pemw wenv dnnb mog pemw wenv l~xw gk/ Wen Wen vk~o vk~o` ` bnmso bnmsonsx nsx lmsa lmsanw nw hkow hkowfo fo~n ~nxx wk `skp `skp mlfg mlfgxw xw m gnhmg gnhmgnn kd hemo`fo` mwwfw~gnx wkpmsgx wefx xnhwks kd wnmhefo`/ Wen wnmhens fx okp tfnpng mx m efèbv efèbv,xa ,xafbb fbbng ng yskdnx yskdnxxfk xfkomb omb pek emx wen aokpbn aokpbng`n g`n"" xafbbx xafbbx"" dbnufc dbnufcfbfw fbfwv v mog

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xnoxfwftfwfnx kd m wnmhens ckwe kd hefbgsno mog kd bmo`~m`n" mog kon pek fx mcbn wk cmbmohn mog hklcfon wen wpk x~hhnxxd~bbv/ Wen wnsl 'vk~o` bnmsonsx' fo wen onwpksa hktnsx m pfgn m`n smo`n1 7,=5 vnmsx kd m`n" mog lkxw yskcbnlx nohk~ownsng cv wnmhensx msn g~n wk m bmha kd ~ognsxwmogfo` kd wen gntnbkylnowmb gfddnsnohnx cnwpnno hefbgsno mog wnnom`nsx" mog mog kd wen wen myys myysky kysf sfmw mwnn hbmx hbmxxs xskk kkl l lmom lmom`n `nln lnow ow xafb xafbbx bx wk gnmb gnmb pfwe pfwe wenx wenxn/ n/ Gfddnsnohnx fohb~gn hkohnyw~mb mog hkòfwftn tmsfmwfkox" tmsfmwfkox fo mwwnowfko xymo xymoxx mog mog lkwk lkwkss xafb xafbbx bx x~he x~he mx gsmp gsmpfo fo` ` mog mog h~ww h~wwfo fo`" `" mx pnbb pnbb mx xkhf xkhfmb mb mog mog nlkwfkomb gfddnsnohnx/ Mo ~ognsxwmogfo` kd wenxn gfddnsnohnx hmo enby gntnbky wen dbnufcfbfwv wemw wnmhensx kd vk~o` bnmsonsx sn}~fsn/ Wnmhef Wnmhefo` o` Hefbgs Hefbgsno no No`bfx No`bfxe e dkh~xn dkh~xnxx ko mo mhwftfw mhwftfwv,cm v,cmxng xng myyskm myyskmhe he wk wnmhefo` wnmhefo` vk~o` vk~o` bnmsonsx m`ng xntno vnmsx mog ktns/ Fw numlfonx numlfonx wen ng~hmwfkomb ng~hmwfkomb mog mog bfo` bfo`~f ~fxw xwfh fh onng onngxx kd hefb hefbgs gsno no mog mog yskt ysktfg fgnx nx mo ktns ktnstf tfnp np kd myys myysky kysf sfmw mwnn hbmxxsk hbmxxskkl kl wnheof} wnheof}~nx ~nx// Fw efèbf efèbfèw èwxx wen flyksw flykswmohn mohn kd nddnhwf nddnhwftn tn hbmxxsk hbmxxskkl kl lmom`n lmom`nlno lnoww mog ks`mof ks`mofzmwf zmwfko ko mog x~yyks x~yykswx wx wnmhen wnmhensx sx fo wen lmom`n lmom`nlno lnoww kd hbmxxskkl snxk~shnx/ Fw ysktfgnx nuwnoxftn ysmhwfhn fo bnxxko ybmoofo` fo wnslx kd bmo`~m`n mflx/ Dks numlybn" wenln,cmxng myyskmhe dks wen wmxa hkownow mog fohb~gnx xwksfnx" sevlnx" xko`x" ysmhwfhmb wmxax mog bmo`~m`n wmxax/ Lnwekgkbk`v mog hbmxxskkl ysmhwfhn fxx~nx msn snbmwng wk dnxwftmbx" moflmbx" xwksvwnbbfo` mog lnmx~sfo`/ Wen Wen myyn myynms msmo mohn hn kd wnhe wnheok okbk bk`v `v emx emx hemo hemo`n `ng g wen wen wkkb wkkbxx mtmf mtmfbmc bmcbn bn wk xwksvwnbbnsx/ Wen nmsbfnxw dkslx kd xwksvwnbbfo` msn wek~èw wk emtn cnno ysflmsfbv









Bmo`~m Bmo`~m`n `n bnmsof bnmsofo` o` gnynog gnynogxx ko bfxwno bfxwnofo` fo`// Bfxwno Bfxwnofo` fo` ysktfg ysktfgnx nx wen m~smb m~smb foy~w wemw xnstnx mx wen cmxfx dks bmo`~m`n mh}~fxfwfko mog nomcbnx bnmsonsx wk fownsmhw fo xykano hkll~ofhmwfko/ Bfxwnofo` fx wen bmo`~m`n lkgmbfwv wemw fx ~xng lkxw lkxw dsn}~ dsn}~no nowb wbv/ v/ Fw emx emx cnno cnno nxwf nxwflm lmwn wng g wemw wemw mg~b mg~bwx wx xyno xynog g mblk mblkxw xw embd embd wenf wenfs s hkll~ofhmwfko wfln bfxwnofo`" mog xw~gnowx lmv snhnftn mx l~he mx 69. kd wenfs fo,xhekkb fodkslmwfko wesk~è bfxwnofo` wk foxws~hwksx mog wk kon mokwens/ Kdwno" ekpntns" bmo`~m`n bnmsonsx gk okw snhkòfzn wen bntnb kd nddksw wemw `knx fowk gntnbkyfo` gntnbkyfo` bfxwnofo` bfxwnofo` mcfbfwv/ mcfbfwv/ Bfxwnofo` fx mo mhwftn yskhnxx" yskhnxx" mx wen lfog mhwftnbv mhwftnbv no`m`nx fo lmafo` lnmofo`/ Fw fx wensndksn k~s g~wv mx wnmhensx wk nox~sn wemw wen lmwnsfmbx pn ~xn msn hklysnenoxfcbn wk k~s vk~o` bnmsonsx" mx pnbb mx pfwefo wen smo`n kd pemw wenv msn gntnbkylnowmbbv snmgv dks/ Bfxwnofo` fx mbxk emsg pksa/ Xk fo ksgns wk lmuflfzn wen ykwnowfmb dks mh}~fxfwfko kd bmo`~m`n" pn onng wk nox~sn wemw vk~o` bnmsonsx msn okw xwsnxxng mck~w wefx yskhnxx/ Wnmhefo` wnnom`nsx hmo cn m ds~xwsmwfo` mog xwsnxxd~b nuynsfnohn/ Wenv wnog wk cn bnxx lkwftmwng wemo kwens m`n `sk~yx1 wenv hmo emtn bkp 'pksbg' mpmsnonxx mog hmo cn ~oysngfhwmcbn/ Kdwno wenv gko'w pmow wk cn fo wen hbmxx/ Ekpntns" wenv hmo mbxk cn wen lkxw snpmsgfo`" d~o mog bftnbfnxw xw~gnowx pn pfbb ntns wnmhe/ Ekpntns" mx mo No`bfxe wnmhens l~xw enby wen xw~gnowx x~slk~ow wenfs gfddfh~bwfnx cv `ftfo` lkwftmwfko" mog lksn hsnmwftn fo wnmhefo` nxynhfmbbv fo wnmhefo` bfxwnofo`" wen wnmhens hmo `ftn lmov fownsnxwfo` pmvx wk bnmso/ Fo wefx hmxn" wen psfwns pmowx wk kcxnstn mck~w wen flybnlnowmwfko kd wnmhefo` No`bfxe bfxwn bfxwnof ofo` o` ~xfo ~xfo` ` xwks xwksvc vckk kkax ax wk wen wen dfsx dfsxww vnms vnms xw~g xw~gno nowx wx kd LMO LMO Ambf Ambfcn cncn cns s









C/ Ysnt Ysntfk fk~x ~x Xw~g Xw~gv v

Wensn msn xkln snxnmshensx pek emtn wen snbmwng xw~gv pfwe wefx/ Wen dfsxw fx nowfwb nowfwbng ng ‒M Xw~gv Xw~gv ko wen wen Wnmhef Wnmhefo` o` kd Bfxwn Bfxwnof ofo` o` Hklys Hklysnen nenoxf oxfko ko fo XLM

L~emllmgfvme 3 X~smamswm Cmxng ko No`bfxe H~ssfh~b~l 3997‒ cv Fh~a Gemof X~ysmxwkpk %3994& / Wen snx~bw kd wen snxnmshe fx gftfgng fowk wesnn lmfo xnhwfkox/ Dfsxw" HBW fx m lnwekg wemw fx x~fwmcbn wk hkog~hw wnmhefo` bfxwnofo`/ Xnhkog" wen ~xn kd HBW lnwekg hmo lman xw~gnowx mhwftn fo wen hbmxxskkl/ Wen bmxw" wen ~xn kd HBW hmo enby wen xw~gnowx‖ lmxwns No`bfxe bmo`~m`n nxynhfmbbv bfxwnofo` xafbb/ Lnmopefbn" wen yskcbnl kd wnmhefo` bfxwnofo` fx mck~w wen xnbnhwfko kd lmwnsfmb mog wen wfln lmom`nlnow cv wen wnmhens/ Kwens snxnmshe pmx gkon cv X~pfòvk %399>& pekxn snxnmshe nowfwbng ‒Wen Flybnlnowmwfko Flybnlnowmwfko kd Wnmhefo` Bfxwnofo` fo XLM = Y~spkgmgf“/ Wen snx~bw kd wen snxnmsh snxnmshe e msn" dfsxw" wen flybnl flybnlnow nowmwfk mwfko o kd wnmhef wnmhefo` o` bfxwno bfxwnofo` fo` fx xwfbb xwfbb gkon gkon wsmgfwfkombbv" xnhkog" wen wnmhefo` kd wnmhefo` bfxwnofo` fx nddnhwftn/ Fo wefx snxnmshe" wen psfwns fx `kfo` wk gk wen xflfbms snxnmshe1 ekpntns wen psfwns psfwns xynhfd xynhfdfnx fnx wen snxnmshe snxnmshe fo kwens kwens lngfm lngfm wemw wemw fx wnmhef wnmhefo` o` bfxwno bfxwnofo` fo` ~xfo` ~xfo` xwksvckka wk wen dfsxw vnms xw~gnowx kd LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck/

H/ Yskcbn Yskcbnl l Xwmwnl Xwmwnlnow now

Cmxng Cmxng ko wen cmha`s cmha`sk~o k~og g kd wen snxnmsh snxnmshe" e" wen psfwns psfwns dksl~bm dksl~bmwng wng wen yskcbnl mx dkbbkpx: =

Ekp fx wen flybnlnowmwfk wfko kd wnmhefo` No`bfxe bfxwnofo` ~xfo`









3/

Pemw Pemw afog afogxx kd yskc yskcbnl bnl dmhn dmhng g cv wen wen wnmhe wnmhens ns peno peno xen xen wm~` wm~èw ew bfxw bfxwno nofo fo` `

~xfo` xwksvckka mw LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck; 8/

Pemw Pemw msn msn wen xws xwsmw mwn` n`fn fnxx ~xng ~xng cv cv wen wen wnmhe wnmhens ns wk xkb xkbtn tn wen wen yskcb yskcbnl nl dmhn dmhng g

cv wen dfsxw vnms xw~gnowx kd LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck;

G/ Bflfwm Bflfwmwfk wfko o kd wen wen Xw~ Xw~gv gv

Fo wefx snxnmshe" wen psfwns emx bflfwmwfko wen xw~gv wk lman wen snxnmshe nmxfns/ Fo xnofks efè xhekkb" wensn msn lmov pmvx wk wnmhe/ C~w wen psfwns dkh~xng ko wen nddnhwftnonxx kd wnmhefo` bfxwnofo` ~xfo` xwksvckka wk wen dfsxw vnms xw~gnowx kd LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck/

N/ Kcj Kcjnh nhwft wftnn kd kd wen wen Xw~ Xw~gv gv

Cmxng ko wen yskcbnl xwmwnlnow" wen psfwns emx xkln kcjnhwftnx kd wen xw~gv" wenv msn: =/ Wk gnxh gnxhsfc sfcnn wen wen yskh yskhnx nxxx kd wnmhe wnmhefo fo` ` bfxw bfxwno nofo fo` ` ~xfo ~xfo` ` xwks xwksvc vckk kka a mw LMO LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck/ 3/ Wk gnxhsf gnxhsfcn cn xkln yskcb yskcbnl nl dmhng dmhng cv wen wen wnmhe wnmhens ns peno peno xen xen wm~` wm~èw ew No`bfx No`bfxe e bfxwnofo` ~xfo` xwksvckka mw LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck/ 8/ Wk gnxhsfc gnxhsfcnn pemw msn wen xwsmwn` xwsmwn`fnx fnx ~xng ~xng cv wen wnmhens wnmhens wk xkbtn wen yskcbn yskcbnl l dmhng cv wen dfsxw vnms xw~gnowx kd LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck/









D/ Cn Cnon ondf dfww kd wen wen X Xw~ w~gv gv

=/ Mhmg Mhmgnl nlfh fhmb mbbv bv Wefx Wefx snx~bw snx~bw mggx mggx wen No`bfx No`bfxe e Gnymsw Gnymswlno lnoww xw~gno xw~gnoww aokpbn aokpbng`n g`n mck~w mck~w wnmhefo` bfxwnofo` fo gfddnsnow ynsxynhwftn1 fw hmo cn ~xng mx wen ysndnsnohn dks wekxn pek pmow wk hkog~hw m snxnmshe fo No`bfxe wnmhefo` bnmsofo` yskhnxx/ 3/ Ysmh smhwfhmbb mbbv Wen Wen psfw psfwns ns ekyn ekynxx wefx wefx snxn snxnms mshe he pfbb pfbb mgg mgg wen wen foy foy~w mck~ mck~ww wen wen flyb flybnl nlno nowmw wmwfk fko o kd wnmhe wnmhefo fo` ` bfxw bfxwno nofo fo` ` ~xfo ~xfo` ` xwks xwksvc vckk kka a wk wen wen snmg snmgns nsx‖ x‖ nxynhfmbbv No`bfxe wnmhensx/

@/ ôgns ôgnsbvf bvfo` o` Wen Wenksv ksv =/ Wen @no @nons nsmb mb Hkohn Hkohnyw yw kd kd Bfxwn Bfxwnofo ofo` `

Bfxwnofo` Bfxwnofo` fx mo mhwftn okw m ymxxftn ymxxftn kynsmwfko/ kynsmwfko/ Wemw fx" mx m bfxwnons" bfxwnons" wen lfog fx mhwftnbv xnmshefo` dks lnmofo`/ Fo Bko`lmo Gfhwfkomsv kd No`bfxe Bmo`~m`n mog H~bw~sn %3999: 046& bfxwnofo` fx: =/

Wk `ftn ftn mwwn mwwnow owfk fko o fo lnmo nmofo` fo`

3/

Wk wma wmann okwf okwfhn hn : enms enms ks ks hkox hkoxfg fgns ns pfwe pfwe wek wek~` ~èw ewd~ d~bb mwwno mwwnowfk wfko o

Mx Mognsxko" nw mb/ %=660 : 4& xmv wemw ~ognsxwmogfo` fx okw xklnwefo` wemw emyynox emyynox cnhm~xn kd pemw m xynmans xynmans xmvx wen bfxwnons bfxwnons emx m hs~hfmb ymsw wk ybmv fo wen yskhnxx cv mhwftmwfo` tmsfk~x wvynx kd aokpbng`n mog wsvfo` wk ~ognsxwmog pemw wen xynmans lnmox/ 3/ Afog Afogxx kd kd Bfx Bfxwn wnof ofo` o`











m/ Nuwn Nuwnox oxft ftnn Bfxw Bfxwno nofo fo` ` Fo nuwnox nuwnoxftn ftn bfxwno bfxwnofo` fo`"" wen wnmhens wnmhens nohk~s nohk~sm`n m`nxx xw~gno xw~gnowx wx wk hekkxn hekkxn dks wenlxnbtnx pemw wenv bfxwno wk mog wk gk xk dks ybnmx~sn/ c/ c/ Fown Fownox oxft ftnn Bfxw Bfxwno nofo fo` ` Fown Fownox oxft ftnn bfxw bfxwno nofo fo` ` fx wen wen bfxw bfxwno nofo fo` ` bnms bnmsof ofo` o` mhwf mhwftf tfwfn wfnxx gkon gkon fo wen wen hbmxxskkl/ Wnmhens ~x~mbbv ~xnx wen wmyng lmwnsfmb" tfgnkwmynx ks gfxa/ Emllns mbxk xwmwng wemw fownoxftn bfxwnofo` fx wen bftn bfxwnofo`" pensn wen wnmhens ks tfxfwks hkln wk wen hbmxx wk wmba wk wen xw~gnowx/ Wensn msn dk~s numlybnx kd wen bftn bfxwnofo`: =& Snmg nmgfo` fo` mbk mbk~g Wnmhens snmgfo` mbk~g wen psfwwno wnuw ks wenv hmo mbxk snmg ks mhw k~w gfmbk`~nx nfwens cv fow~fwfo` xklnkon fowk wen hbmxx/ 3& Xwks Xwksv, v,wn wnbb bbfo fo` ` Wnmhens `ftnx m xwksv mog mxang wen xw~gnowx wk ysngfhw wen lnmofo` ks wk gnxhsfcn wen ynkybn fo wen xwksv" xk dkswe/ 8& Fown Fownst stfn fnp px Wnmhens fx mcbn wk fotfwn wen tfxfwks ks m omwftn xynmans wk ekbg mo fownstfnp pfwe wen xw~gnow/ Wnmhens fx mcbn wk cn m x~cjnhw kd wen









8/ Wn Wnmh mhef efo` o` Bfxw Bfxwno nofo fo` `

Bfxwnofo` fx kon kd wen d~ogmlnowmb bmo`~m`n xafbbx/ Fw fx m lngf~l wesk~è pefhe hefbgsno" vk~o` ynkybn mog mg~bwx `mfo m bms`n ykxfwfko kd wenfs ng~hmw ng~hmwfko fko"" wenfs wenfs fodksl fodkslmwf mwfko" ko" wenfs wenfs ~ognsx ~ognsxwmo wmogfo gfo` ` kd wen pksbg pksbg mog kd wen e~lmo mddmfsx" wenfs gnmbx" xnoxn kd tmb~n mog wenfs myysnhfmwfko/ Cskpo %=659: 0& ykfowx k~w wemw wnmhefo` fx xekpfo` ks enbyfo` xklnkon bnmso ekp wk gk xklnwefo`" `ftfo` foxws~hwfko" `~fgfo` fo wen xw~gv/ Wen `kmb kd wnmhefo` fx wk csfo` mck~w wen gnxfsmcbn bnmsofo` fo wen y~yfbx/ Wen wnmhens l~xw aokp: m/

pemw bnmsofo` fx gnxfsmcbn dks wen y~yfbx

c/

ekp wk csfo` mck~w wefx bnmsofo`

Fo wnmhefo` bfxwnofo` hklysnenoxfko pn l~xw cn hmsnd~b okw wk `k wk nuwsnlnx" nfwens cv cnfo` hkohnsong wkk l~he pfwe wenksfnx pfwek~w wefoafo` mck~w mck~w wenfs wenfs myybfh myybfhmwf mwfko ko wk wnmhef wnmhefo`" o`" ks cv dkbbkp dkbbkpfo` fo` wen g~bb g~bb sk~wfo sk~wfonx nx kd ybmvfo` wen wmyn snhksgns mog mxafo` xkln }~nxwfkox wk wen xw~gnowx/ Fw fx nxxnowfmb dks m bmo`~m`n wnmhens wk emtn m wesk~è ~ognsxwmogfo` kd wen omw~sn kd bfxwnofo`" mx pnbb mx xntnsmb mhwftfwfnx pefhe enby xw~gnowx gntnbky wenfs









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Gnwnslfon penwens wk nowns wen wnuw dskl wen wky gkpo %mwwnog wk wen ktnsmbb lnmofo`& ks dskl wen ckwwkl ~y %dkh~x ko wen pksgx mog yesmxnx&

3/ G~sfo` mog mdwns bfxwnofo`" lkofwks lkofwks hklysnenoxfko ‣

Tnsfdv ysngfhwfkox mog henha dks fomhh~smwn `~nxxnx

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Gnhfgn pemw fx mog fx okw flykswmow wk ~ognsxwmog

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Bfxwno+tfnp m`mfo wk henha hklysnenoxfko

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Mxa dks enby

8/ Mdwns bfxwnofo`" ntmb~mwn hklysnenoxfko mog xwsmwn`v ~xn ‣

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Ntmb~mwn hklysnenoxfko fo m ymswfh~bms wmxa ks msnm Ntmb~mwn ktnsmbb ysk`snxx fo bfxwnofo` mog fo ymswfh~bms wvynx kd bfxwnofo` wmxax

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Gnhfgn fd wen xwsmwn`fnx ~xng pnsn myyskysfmwn dks wen y~sykxn mog dks wen wmxa

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Lkgfdv xwsmwn`fnx fd onhnxxmsv









8& lmom` mom`fo fo` ` wfln wfln 7& lkwf lkwftm tmwf wfko ko kd kd xw~g xw~gno noww >& wen wen hmymc hmymcfb fbfw fwv v kd xw~g xw~gno noww c/ c/ Yskc Yskcbn bnl l dmhn dmhng g cv xw~g xw~gno noww =& cmha cmha`s `sk~ k~og og aokp aokpbn bng` g`nn 3& lkwft kwftmw mwfk fko o 8& fomc fomcfb fbfwv fwv wk wk hkohn hkohnow owsm smwn wn 7& yskc yskcbn bnl l kd fownsy fownsysn snwmw wmwfk fko o >& bflf bflfwn wng g tkhmc tkhmc~b ~bms msv v 4& xnbd xnbd nxwnn xwnnl l 0& wen bmha kd hkowskb: hkowskb: wkpmsg wen xynng xynng kd kd xynmans xynmans >/ Lngfm Lngfm dks Wnmhef Wnmhefo` o` Bfxwn Bfxwnofo ofo` `

Wensn msn xkln lngfm dks wnmhefo` bfxwnofo`/ Wen wnmhens hmo ~xn wen m~weno m~wenowfh wfh lmwnsfm lmwnsfmbb mog xfw~mw xfw~mwfko fko dks wnmhef wnmhefo` o` bfxwno bfxwnofo` fo`"" x~he x~he mx smgfk smgfk mog wnbntf wnbntfxfk xfko o ysk`sm ysk`smlx" lx" y~cbf y~cbfhh mggsnx mggsnxxx mook~o mook~ohnl hnlnow nowxx %mfsyks %mfsykswx" wx" wsmfo+c wsmfo+c~x ~x xwmwfkox" xwksnx&" xynnhenx mog bnhw~snx" wnbnyekon h~xwklns xnstfhn snhksgfo`/ Wen kwens lngfm dks wnmhefo` bfxwnofo` msn tfgnk" l~xfh" xwksvckka" wnuwckka"









Hefbgsno emtn mo foomwn bktn kd xwksfnx/ Xwksfnx hsnmwn lm`fh mog m xnoxn kd pkogns mw wen pksbg/ Xwksfnx wnmhe ~x mck~w bfdn" mck~w k~sxnbtnx mog mck~w kwensx/ Xwksvwnbbfo` fx m ~of}~n pmv dks xw~gnowx wk gntnbky mo ~ognsxwmogfo`" snxynh snxynhww mog myysnhf myysnhfmwfk mwfko o dks kwens kwens h~bw~s h~bw~snx" nx" mog hmo ysklkw ysklkwnn m ykxfw ykxfwftn ftn mwwfw~gn wk ynkybn dskl gfddnsnow bmogx" smhnx mog snbf`fkox/ Mhhksgfo` wk Wmvbks Wmvbks %3999: %3999: =4&" =4&" xwksvw xwksvwnbbf nbbfo` o` fx snbmwfo snbmwfo` ` m wmbn wmbn wk kon ks lksn lksn bfxwno bfxwnons ns wesk~è tkfhn mog `nxw~snx ksmb wnbbfo` wnogx wk ~xn l~he xflybns bmo`~m`n/ Xnownohnx msn `nonsmbbv xekswns/ Pfwe ksmb wnbbfo`" pn ~x~mbbv snynmw wefo`x lksn sng~ogmohv" sng~ogmohv" nxynhfmbbv wen xw~gnowx xw~gnowx msn emtfo` emtfo` gfddfh~bwv gfddfh~bwv wk dkbbkp dkbbkp wen xwksv/ Hefbgsno bktn wk enms wen bmo`~m`n kd xwksvckkax/ Wefx bmo`~m`n hmo noemohn wen ksmb No`bfxe wenv emtn cnno ~xfo` fo wen hbmxxskkl/ Wen yfhw~snx mog wen nuysnxxfko enby hefbgsno wk ~ognsxwmog wen tkhmc~bmsv mog wen xwksv/ Hefbgsno Hefbgsno hmo xnn mog enms wen No`bfxe No`bfxe wenv emtn bnmsong hkln mbftn wesk~è xwksvckka hemsmhwnsx/ 0/ Wnmhef Wnmhefo` o` Bfxwn Bfxwnofo ofo` ` ^xfo` ^xfo` Xwksv Xwksvckk ckka a

Snmbfzfo` wemw bfxwnofo` xafbb fx mx flykswmow mx xynmafo` xafbb" xw~gnow l~xw x~hhnng fo bfxwnofo`/ bfxwnofo`/ Skxw %=667: =73& xwmwnx wemw wen xafbbx kd bfxwnofo` bfxwnofo` l~xw cn x~hhnng fo bfxwnofo` cv:











Wensn Wensn msn xkln xkln d~swen d~swenss snmxkox snmxkox pev wnmhen wnmhenss ~xn xwksvc xwksvckka kka wesk~è wesk~è xwksvwnbbfo` %Nbbfx" =66=: =,3&: m/Xwksfnx msn lkwftmwfo` mog d~o/ Wenv hmo enby gntnbky ykxfwftn mwwfw~gnx wkpmsgx dksnfò bmo`~m`n bnmsofo`/ Wenv hmo hsnmwn m gnxfsn wk hkowfo~n bnmsofo`/ c/Xwk c/Xwksf sfnx nx nuns nunshf hfxn xn wen wen flm` flm`fo fomw mwfko fko// Hefb Hefbgs gsno no hmo cnhk cnhkln ln ynsxkombbv fotkbtng fo m xwksv mx wenv fgnowfdv pfwe wen hemsmhwnsx mog mog wsv wsv wk fown fownsy sysn snww wen wen omss omssmw mwft ftnn mog mog fbb~ fbb~xw xwsm smwf wfko kox/ x/ Wefx Wefx flm`fomwftn nuynsfnohn enbyx gntnbky wenv kpo hsnmwftn ykpns/ h/Bfxw h/Bfxwno nofo fo` ` wk xwks xwksv v fo hbmx hbmxxx fx xems xemsng ng xkhf xkhfmb mb nuyn nuynsf sfno nohn hn// Xwksvw Xwksvwnbb nbbfo` fo` ysktka ysktkanx nx m xemsng xemsng snxyko snxykoxn xn kd bm~èw bm~èwns" ns" xmgonx xmgonxx" x" nuhfwnlnow" pefhe fx okw kobv nojkvmcbn mog nohk~sm`n xkhfmb mog nlkwfkomb gntnbkylnow/ g/Hefbgsno nojkv bfxwnofo` wk xwksfnx ktns mog ktns m`mfo/ Lmov xwksfn xwksfnxx mbxk mbxk hkowmfo hkowmfo omw~sm omw~smbb snynwf snynwfwfk wfko o kd anv tkhmc~ tkhmc~bms bmsfnx fnx mog xws~hw~snx/ n/ Bfxwnofo` wk xwksfnx mbbkpx wen wnmhens wk fowskg~hn ks sntfxn onp tkhmc~bmsv mog xnownohnx xws~hw~sn/ d/ Xwksf Xwksfnx nx hsnm hsnmwn wn kyyk kyyksw~ sw~of ofwf wfnx nx dks dks gntn gntnbk bkyf yfo` o` hkow hkowfo fo~f ~fwv wv fo hefbgsn hefbgsno‖x o‖x bnmsof bnmsofo` o` xfohn xfohn wenv wenv hmo cn hekxno hekxno wk hkoxkb hkoxkbfgm fgmwn wn bnmsof bnmsofo` o` fo xhekkb xhekkb x~cjnh x~cjnhww mhskx mhskxxx wen h~ssfh h~ssfh~b~ ~b~l/ l/ Bfxwno Bfxwnofo` fo` wk xwksfnx xek~bg cn ymsw kd `skpfo` ~y dks ntnsv hefbg/ `/Bfx `/Bfxwn wnof ofo` o` wk xwks xwksfn fnxx gntn gntnbk bkyx yx wen wen hefb hefbg‖ g‖xx bfxw bfxwno nofo fo` ` mog mog hkohnowsmwfo` xafbbx tfm tfx~mb hb~nx/ Dks numlybnx msn yfhw~snx mog fbb~xwsmwfkox/









7/ ^xfo` kon lmfo mfo hemsmhwns pefhe fhe wen hefbg hmo nmxfbv fbv fgnowfdv" wkk lmov hemsmhwnsx hmo cn hkod~xfo`/

E/ Snxnmshe Lnwekg =/ Wvyn Wvyn kd Snxn Snxnms mshe he

Fo wefx snxnmshe" wen psfwns ~xnx hbmxxskkl mhwfko snxnmshe %HMS&/ Mhwfko snxnmshe lnwekgx pnsn dfsxw yskykxng cv Bnpfo fo =674" mx m snxnmshe wnheof}~n wnheof}~n fo xkhfmb yxvhekbk`v/ yxvhekbk`v/ Mhwfko snxnmshe fx m lkgnb kd yskdnxxfko yskdnxxfkomb mb gntnbk gntnbkyln ylnow ow pensn pensn ng~hmwk ng~hmwksx sx xw~gv xw~gv xw~gno xw~gnoww bnmsofo bnmsofo` ` snbmwng snbmwng wk wenfs wenfs kpo wnmhefo`" m yskhnxx wemw mbbkpx wenl wk bnmso mck~w wenfs kpo foxws~hwfkomb ysmhwf ysmhwfhnx hnx mog wk hkowfo hkowfo~n ~n wk flyskt flysktnn xw~gno xw~gnoww bnmsof bnmsofo`/ o`/ Hbmxxs Hbmxxskkl kkl mhwfko mhwfko snxnmshe fx snxnmshe ko yngm`k`v pefhe fx xynhfdfh wk m ymswfh~bms hbmxxskkl ks xlmbb xnw kd hbmxxskklx/ Wk mhefntn nuhnbbnohn fo wnmhefo`" m wnmhens l~xw dfog dfog k~w pemw pksax pksax cnxw cnxw dks efl ks ensxnbd ensxnbd fo nmhe nmhe ymswfh ymswfh~bm ~bmss wnmhef wnmhefo` o` xfw~mwfko/ Hbmxxskkl mhwfko snxnmshe enbyx m wnmhens xvxwnlmwfhmbbv mombvzn









7/ Xk~s k~shn kd kd G Gmw mwm m

Wen dksl kd wen gmwm fx fodkslmwfko gnsftfo` dskl wen kcxnstmwfko kd wnmhefo` No`bfxe bfxwnofo` yskhnxx hkllfwwng cv wen wnmhens mog wen xw~gnowx mog kwens xk~shn x~he mx ckkax" bnxxko ybmo" wnmhefo` bfxwnofo` yskhnxx/ >/ Lnwe Lnwekg kg kd kd Hkbb Hkbbnh nhwf wfo` o` Gmwm Gmwm

Wen yskhnxx kd mhwfko snxnmshe fotkbtnx dk~s yemxnx: fgnowfdvfo` m hbmxxskkl yskcbnl" gntnbkyfo` mog flybnlnowfo` mo mhwfko snxnmshe ybmo" hkbbnhwfo` mog mombvzfo` gmwm" mog ~xfo` mog xemsfo` snx~bwx/ Mhwfko snxnmshe ontns snmbbv nogx cnhm~xn bnmsofo` fx m hvhbfhmb yskhnxx/ Mo mhwfko snxnmshens fx mbpmvx mbpmvx kcxnst kcxnstfo` fo`"" mombvz mombvzfo` fo`"" gnxfò gnxfòfo` fo`"" mxxnxx mxxnxxfo` fo`"" mog mgj~xw mgj~xwfo` fo`// Wen hvhb hvhbfh fhmb mb omw~ omw~sn sn kd mhwf mhwfko ko snxn snxnms mshe he yskt ysktfg fgnx nx wnmh wnmhen ensx sx pfwe pfwe ko`k ko`kfo fo` ` kyyksw~ofwfnx wk sndbnhw ko mog sndfon wenfs kpo wnmhefo` ysmhwfhnx/









4/ Wnh Wnheof eof}~n }~n dks Mombvz Mombvzfo` fo` Gmwm Gmwm

Fo mombvzfo` gmwm" wen psfwns ~xnx }~mbfwmwftn snxnmshe/ Wk mombvzn wen hkbbnhwng gmwm" wen psfwns wmanx wenxn dkbbkpfo` xwnyx: =/ Kcxnstfo` Kcxnstfo` wen wen hbmxx" hbmxx" wnmhensx" wnmhensx" xw~gnowx xw~gnowx"" mog wnmhefo` wnmhefo` bnmsofo` bnmsofo` yskhnxx/ yskhnxx/ 3/ @ftfo` @ftfo` wen myysky myyskysfmwn sfmwn lmwnsfmbx lmwnsfmbx dks dks wen wnmhens wnmhens %bnxxko %bnxxko ybmo" wnmhefo` wnmhefo` lnwekg mog lmwnsfmb& 8/ Mombvzfo` Mombvzfo` wen wen wnmhefo` wnmhefo` bnmsofo` bnmsofo` yskhnxx yskhnxx cv ~xfo` ~xfo` xwksvck xwksvckkax kax mw LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck/ 7/ Mombvz Mombvzfo` fo` wen yskcbn yskcbnl l dmhng cv wen wnmhens wnmhens peno peno xen wm~èw wm~èw No`bfx No`bfxe e bfxwnofo` ~xfo` xwksvckkax mw LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck/ >/ Momb Mombvz vzfo fo` ` wen wen xwsm xwsmwn wn`f `fnx nx ~xng ~xng cv wen wnmhen wnmhenss wk xkbtn xkbtn wen yskc yskcbn bnl l dmhng cv wen dfsxw vnms xw~gnowx kd LMO Ambfcncns Pkokxkck/









HEMY HEMYWN WNS S FF FF

HEMY HEMYWN WNS S FFF FFF

: SNT SNTFN FNP P KD KD SNB SNBMW MWNG NG BFWN BFWNSM SMW^ W^SN SN

M/

Ysntfk~x Xw~gv

C/

Wen @nonsmb Hkohnyw kd bfxwnofo`

H/

Afogx kd Bfxwnofo`

G/

Wnmhefo` Bfxwnofo`

N/

Wen Ys Yskcbnl ko ko Wn Wnmhefo` Bf Bfxwnofo`

D/

Lngfm dks Wnmhefo` Bfxwnofo`

@/

Xwksvckka

E/

Wnmhefo` Bf Bfxwnofo` ^x ^xfo` Xw Xwksvckka

: SNX SNXNM NMSH SHE E LNW LNWEK EKG G

M/

Wvyn kd Snxnmshe

C/

Kcjnhw kd wen Xw~gv











8/ C/

Wen Yskhng~sn Wen Mg Mgtmowm`nx mo mog Gf Gfxmgtmowm`nx kd kd Wn Wnmhefo`

Bfxwnofo` ^xfo` Xwksvckka H/ HEMY HEMYWN WNS ST

Gfxh~xxfko

: HKOH HKOHB^ B^XX XXFK FKO O MOG MOG X^@@ X^@@NX NXWF WFKO KO

M/

Hkohb~xfko

C/

X~``nxwfko









CFCBFK@SMYEV

Mognsxko" Moon" nw mb" =660/ Bfxwnofo`/ Kudksg: Kudksg ~oftnsxfwv ysnxx/ Cskpo" @ $ V~bn" @/ =658/ Wnmhefo` wen Xykano Bmo`~m`n/ Hmlcsfg`n: Hmlcsfg`n ôftnsxfwv Ysnxx C~sox" Ym~b" nw mb/ =60>/ Wen Bmo`~m`n Mswx fo Hefbgekkg Ng~hmwfko/ Hefhm`k: Smog/ Lh Ombbv Nbbfx" @/ mog Csnpxwns" J/ =66=/ Wen Xwksvwnbbfo` Emogckka: M `~fgn dks Ysflmsv Wnmhens kd No`bfxe/ Emlkogxpmwe: Yno`~fo ckka Dm~zfmwf" Dm~zfmwf" Nogmo`/ Nogmo`/ 3993/ 3993/ Wnmhe Wnmhefo` fo` kd No`bf No`bfxe xe mx m Dksnf Dksnfò ò Bmo`~m Bmo`~m`n `n %WNDB %WNDB&& /

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