Projeto confweb@proinfo: Conferência Web para o Proinfo Integrado

Yrhae{h ghcdpeoIyrhbcdh1 Ghcderácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbcdh Bc{e`rfkh

Ewghnf Wuyerbhr ke _ekew _CY

Ghyrb`j{ ¢ ?992. Ewghnf Wuyerbhr ke _ekew _CY

Fu{hrew Fnfhr Frrukf Dnhrácgbh Hkbnhc Orfq Dfrbf Ce{h Wuyertbwçh {âgcbgf @rfgbenf L# N# Lfr{bcw Ghhrkecfàçh fgfkálbgf Kernbcâf Y# L# Lbrfckf _etbwçh dcfn Yekrh Wfc`brfrkb Kewb`c [egchkewb`c Ghhrkecfàçh èrfn Nubq Ghenjh Terwçh 6#9#9 [hkhw hw kbreb{hw rewertfkhw. ch Orfwbn. yhr Ewghnf Wuyerbhr ke _ekew _CY j{{y1((ppp#ewr#rcy#or

Yrhae{h ghcdpeoIyrhbcdh1 Ghcderácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbcdh Bc{e`rfkh Fyrewec{fàçh F Ewghnf Wuyerbhr ke _ekew kf _eke Cfgbhcfn ke Ecwbch e Yewvubwf *_CY" hderege gurwhw el {egchnh`bf kf bcdhrlfàçh e kf ghlucbgfàçh yfrf vuel ouwgf dhrlfàçh ewwecgbfnlec{e yræ{bgf# Fw f{btbkfkew wçh wb{ufàõew,yrhonelf welenjfc{ew éw vue wçh ecghc{rfkfw cf yræ{bgf kh yrhdbwwbhcfn ke [B# Ew{fw f{btbkfkew ezbèl fcænbwe. wìc{ewe e ghcw{ruàçh ke jby÷{ewew yfrf f wuyerfàçh kh yrhonelf# F fyreckbqfèl {hrcf,we lfbw ede{btf we ghc{ez{ufnbqfkf é refnbkfke yrhdbwwbhcfn# H gurwh yrhyhw{h yhwwub 64 *keqewwebw" jhrfw ke kurfàçh kbtbkbkfw el ; *vuf{rh" wewwõew ke fyreckbqfèl# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew {rfofnjfl el `ruyh hu el kuynfw e gfkf ul yhke kbwyhr ke wuf yr÷yrbf ew{fàçh ke {rfofnjh# H lf{erbfn ke ecwbch â ghlyhw{h ke fyhw{bnfw ghc{eckh wnbkew ghlec{fkhw e rh{ebrh ke f{btbkfkew yræ{bgfw el nfohrf{÷rbh#

Ghcjegblec{hw yrâtbhw 

Uwh khw fynbgf{bthw kf Bc{erce{1 ghrrebh ene{rûcbgh e peo=

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Uwh ke wbw{elfw LW Pbckhpw hu Nbcuz=

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Uwh ke LW Hddbge hu HyecHddbge#

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Dhrlfàçh ke bcw{ru{hrew yfrf h gurwh Ghcderácgbf peo yfrf h Yrh`rflf Cfgbhcfn ke Bcdhrlæ{bgf cf Ekugfàçh *Yrhbcdh Bc{e`rfkh"

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Dhrlfàçh ke fklbcbw{rfkhrew kfw wfnfw tbr{ufbw kh wertbàh ke ghcderácgbf peo kf _CY

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Ghlynelec{fàçh kf ew{ru{urf ke wuyhr{e *wertbge kewm"1 

C[E1 Cñgneh ke [egchnh`bf Ekugfgbhcfn

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C[L1 Cñgneh ke [egchnh`bf Lucbgbyfn 

F{eckeræ hw uwuærbhw nhgfbw e fw wegre{ærbfw ke ekugfàçh#


Fh dbcfn kh gurwh h fnuch {eræ fyreckbkh 

_efnbqfr ulf fyrewec{fàçh uwfckh h wertbàh ke ghcerácgbf peo kf _CY

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Uwfr h wertbàh ke ghcerácgbf peo yfrf1 

@ew{çh ke yrh`rflfw kf WEEK *Wegre{frbf ke Ecwbch f Kbw{ïcgbf kh Lbcbw{ârbh kf Ekugfàçh , LEG"

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Hrbec{fàçh e fyrewec{fàçh ke [GGw *[rfofnjhw ke Ghcgnuwçh ke Gurwh"

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Kelfbw fàõew yrbhrb{ærbfw kh Yrhbch Bc{e`rfkh

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_efnbqfr h gurwh ke wertbàh ke ghcerácgbf peo yfrf h Yrhbch

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_ewhnter yrhonelfw ke 6±# cìten khw uwuærbhw e ewgfnfr yfrf h wertbge kewm

Wulærbh Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl 6 Bc{rhkuàçh é ghcerácgbf peo # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #0 #0 Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl ? @erecgbfckh ulf wfnf ke reucbõew# reucbõew# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #;6 #;6 Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl 7 Yhkw ftfcàfkhw e evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #42 #42 Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl ; Ynfch ghc{bcufkh ke gfyfgb{fàçh# gfyfgb{fàçh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #20 #20


6 Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl 6 Bc{rhkuàçh é ghcderácgbf peo Wulærbh kf wewwçh _eke Cfgbhcfn ke Ecwbch e Yewvubwf *_CY" # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #2 #2 Yrhbch Bc{e`rfkh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #2 #2 EfK ch Yrhbch # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #69 # 69 Ghhyerfàçh _CY,Yr _CY,Yrhbch hbch # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #69 #69 Ghcerácgbf Peo# Peo# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 66 Uwh kf Ghcerácgbf Peo ch Yrhbch # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #67 #67 Wertbàh ke Ghcerácgbf Peo cf _CY # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #6; #6; Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh# Yrh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #64 # 64 Lbgrhhcew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #60 # 60 Peogfl## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #6: Peogfl # 6: Uwuærbhw kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #6: #6: Yrblebrh ghc{f{h ghl h Fkhoe Ghcceg{ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?9 #?9 [ew{e ke ghcezçh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?9 # ?9 Fc{ew ke ec{rfr# ec{rfr# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?6 # ?6 Ghlh ec{rfr# ec{rfr # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?6 # ?6 Bcw{fnfàçh kh Fkhoe Dnfwj Ynfer# Ynfer # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?? #?? [enf kh yfr{bgbyfc{e # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?7 #?7 Lecu _eucbçh1 Fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcbùrfàçh ke æukbh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?; #?; Lecu _eucbçh1 Wenegbhcfr gïlerf # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?: #?: Lecu _eucbçh1 Lbcjf tenhgbkfke ke ghcezçh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #?2 #?2 Tbwçh kh yerbn ke yfr{bgbyfc{e kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #76 #76


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Yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew# yfr{bgbyfc{ew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #76 #76 W{f{uw kh yfr{bgbyfc{e# yfr{bgbyfc{e # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #76 #76 Netfc{fr f lçh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #77 # 77 Yhk Of{e,yfyh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #7; # 7; Yhk Ch{fw # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #7; # 7; Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #75 #75 Faukf kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #75 #75 _h{ebrh ke f{btbkfkew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #70 #70 F{btbkfke 6 ‗ Ec{rfckh cf wfnf e ghcbùrfckh gïlerf e æukbh # # # # # # # # # # # # #7: # 7: F{btbkfke ? ‗ Kelhcw{rfàçh kfw ucgbhcfnbkfkew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #72 #72 F{btbkfke 7 ‗ U{bnbqfckh ucgbhcfnbkfkew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #72 #72 F{btbkfke ; ‗ U{bnbqfckh h fwwbw{ec{e ke æukbh# æukbh# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #72 #72

Yrhae{h ghcpeoIyrhbch1 ghcpeoIyrhbch1 Ghcerácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbch Bc{e`rfkh ‗ Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl fy reckbqfèl 6

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_eke Cfgbhcfn ke Ecwbch e Yewvubwf *_CY" F _eke Cfgbhcfn Cfgbhcfn ke Ecwbch e Yewvubwf *_CY" *_CY" â ulf hr`fcbqfàçhh whgb fn ghc{elynfkf yenh Yrh`rflf hr`fcbqfàç Bc{erlbcbw{erbfn LEG(LG[ grbfkh el 6222# Hoae{bthw1 Lenjhrfrr f bcdrfew{ru{urf ke rekew el cìtebw cfgbhcfn. Lenjhrf le{rhyhnb{fch e nhgfn *rekew ke gflyuw"= F{ecker. ghl fynbgfàõew e wertbàhw bchtfkhrew. éw kelfckfw ke ghlucbkfkew ewyegìdbgfw *ekugfàçh f kbw{ïcgbf. {enelekbgbcf. obhkbterwbkfke. fw{rhchlbf e{g#"= Yrhlhter f gfyfgb{fàçh ke regurwhw julfchw el {egchnh`bfw kf bcdhrlfàçh e ghluc bgfàçh#

_eke Cfgbhcfn ke Ecwbch e Yewvubwf *_CY" F _eke Cfgbhcfn ke Ecwbch e Yewvubwf *_CY" â rewyhcwæten yenf bc{rhkuàçh kf bc{erce{ ch Orfwbn# Hyerfckh f reke fgfkálbgf cfgbhcfn. wuf lbwwçh â yrhlhter h uwh bchtfkhr ke rekew ftfcàfkfw ch yfìw# Lfc{bkf yenhw lbcbw{ârbhw kf Gbácgbf e [egchnh`bf e kf Ekugfàçh. f{uf ch kewecthntblec{h e cf yrew{fàçh ke wertbàhw el {ráw ærefw1 

Bcrfew{ru{urf ke rekew ke fn{h kewelyecjh=

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Fynbgfàõew ftfcàfkfw=

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Dhrlfàçh ke regurwhw julfchw el rekew#

Yrhbcdh Bc{e`rfkh

Yrhbcdh Yrh bcdh Bc{e` Bc{e`rfk rfkh h H Yrh`rflf Cfgbhcfn ke Bcdhrlæ{bgf cf Ekugfàçh dhb grbfkh yenf Yhr{frbf cñlerh 5??. ke 2 ke forbn ke 6220. e dhb redhrlunfkh yhw {erbhrlec{e yenh Kegre{h Kegre{h ch# 4#799. ke 6? ke keqelorh ke ?990# Weu hoae{bth lfgrh â yrhlhter h uwh yekf`÷`bgh kfw Weu {egchnh`bfw ke b cdhrlfàçh e ghlucbgfàçh cfw rekew yñonbgfw ke ekugfàç ekugfàçh h oæwbgf#

H Yrhbch yrhtá fw weùbc{e fàõew1 B ‗ Uwh yekf`÷`bgh kfw {egchnh`bfw ke bchrlfàçh e ghlucbgfàçh cfw ewghnfw ke ekugfàçh oæwbgf kfw rekew yñonbgfw ke ecwbch urofcfw e rurfbw= BB ‗ Dhlec{h kf lenjhrbf kh yrhgewwh ke ecwbch e fyreckbqfèl ghl h uwh kfw {egchnh`bfw ke bchrlfàçh e ghlucbgfàçh= BBB ‗ Gfyfgb{fàçh khw fèc{ew ekugfgbhcfbw ecthntbkhw cfw fàõew kh Yrh`rflf=

BT ‗ Bcgnuwçh kb`b{fn yhr lebh kf flynbfàçh kh fgewwh f ghlyu{fkhrew. kf ghcezçh é reke luckbfn ke ghlyu{fkhrew e ke hu{rfw {egchnh`bfw kb`b{fbw. oecebgbfckh f ghlucbkfke ewghnfr e f yhyunfàçh yr÷zblf éw ewghnfw= T ‗ Yreyfrfàçh khw ahtecw e fkun{hw yfrf h lergfkh ke {rfofnjh yhr lebh kh uwh kfw {egchnh`bfw ke bchrlfàçh e ghlucbgfàçh= e TB ‗ Dhlec{h kf yrhkuàçh cfgbhcfn ke ghc{eñkhw kb`b{fbw ekugfgbhcfbw#

Bc{rhkuàçh é ghcerácgbf peo

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EfK ch Yrhbcdh

EfK ch Yrhbcd Yrhbcdhh

H ecwbch f kbw{ïcgbf yerlb{e f1

H ecwbch f kbw{ ïcgbf yerlb{e f1 Kbw{rboubàçh flynf ke ghcjegblec{h= U{bnbqfàçh ke {ez{hw. blfècw e tìkehw= U{bnbqfàçh kf bc{erce{= Ec{re`f ke deekofgm fhw fnuchw=

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_ekuàçh ke guw{hw# Ezbw{el khbw lhkhw ke ghlucbgfàçh ch ecwbch f kbw{ïcgbf1 Fwwìcgrhch Wìcgrhch

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Kbw{rboubàçh ke ghc{eñkh e ghcjegblec{h el nfr`f ewgfnf= U{bnbqfàçh ke kbterwfw errflec{fw ke wuyhr{e yekf`÷`bgh ghlh {ez{hw. blfècw e tìkehw= U{bnbqfàçh kf bc{erce{ yfrf kbuwçh ke bchrlfàõew= Ghlucbgfàçh kbfn÷`bgf *ec{re`f ke eekofgm fhw fnuchw"= _ekuàçh ke guw{hw ghl {rfcwyhr{e ke yewwhfw e kbw{rboubàçh ke lf{erbfn#

Ezbw{el khbw lhkhw ke ghlucbgfàçh ch ecwbch f kbw{ïcgbf1 

Fwwìcgrhch ‗ Yrhewwhr e fnuchw cçh ew{çh el funf fh lewlh {elyh# H lf{erbfn cegewwærbh â kbwyhcbobnbqfkh yenh yrhewwhr e hw fnuchw ghne{fl f vufnvuer lhlec{h#

Ezelynhw ke errflec{fw1 e,lfbn e ÷rucw# 

Wìcgrhch ‗ Yrhewwhr e fnuch ew{çh el funf fh lewlh {elyh. jfteckh bc{erfàçh blekbf{f ec{re enew#

Ezelynhw ke errflec{fw1 {enehce. gjf{. tbkehghcerácgbf. lhhkne. ghcerácgbf peo#

Ghhyerfàçh _CY,Yrhbcdh Jbw{÷rbgh El ?990 f _CY e f WEEK bcbgbfrfl ulf ghhyerfàçh. weckh ulf kfw fàõew f kbwwelbcfàçh e uwh ke ghcderácgbf peo yfrf f Ghlucbkfke UFO# Dhrfl refnbqfkfw refnbqfkfw 7 {ur lfw ybnh{h ke {rebcflec{h yfrf fw BEW u{bnb qfckh f whnuàçh ke ghcderácgbf peo#

Ghhyerfàçh _CY,Yrhbcdh Ewwfw kufw yewwhfw rewyhcwætebw bckbgfkfw yenf ghhrkecfàçhh kh Yrhbch werçh fw fklbcbw{rfkhrfw kf ghhrkecfàç wfnf tbr{ufn. ghc{rhnfckh f fèckf ke u{bnbqfàçh kf lewlf yenf wegre{ærbf e wuyhr{fckh el ul yrblebrh cìten hw uwuærbhw kf wfnf tbr{ufn#

El ?99: f UFO dhb gfyfgb{fkf yfrf uwfr f ghcderácgbf peo f{rftâw ke wfnfw tbr{ufbw kbwyhcìtebw yfrf fyhbfr wufw fàõew ke EfK# El ?992 h Yrhbcdh ew{æ weckh gfyfgb{fkh gfyfgb{fkh yfrf uwfr f ghcderácgbf peo#


66

Ghhyerfàçh _CY,Yrhbcdh H ynfch ke kbwwelbcfàçh kh wertb àh ke ghcderácgbf ghcd erácgbf peo yfrf h Yrhbcdh Bc{e`rfkh yretá vue1 Gfkf Wegre{frbf ke Ekugfàçh Ekugfàçh {eræ ulf wfnf tbr{ufn Fw ghhrkecfàõew ghhrkecfàõew kh Yrhbcd Yrhbcdh h chw ew{fkhw e lucbgìybhw bckbgfrçh kufw yewwhfw yfrf werel hw rewyhcwætebw yenfw rewyeg{btfw wfnfw tbr{ufbw# [hkfw fw whnbgb{ fàõew yfrf grbfàçh ke chtfw wfnfw ketel ketel wer ecgflbcjfkf ecgflbcjfkfww yfrf peoghcderecgeX peoghcderecgeXweekI weekIleg#`ht#or leg#`ht#or

Ghcderácgbf Peo

Ghcderácgbf Peo F ghcderácgbf peo â ulf derrflec{f ke ghlucbgfàçh e ghnfohrfàçh wìcgrhcf e fwwìcgrhcf vue yhke wer uwfkf ghlh ul regurwh fkbgbhcfn yfrf f ekugfàçh f kbw{ïcgbf# Yrhlhte ecghc{rhw tbr{ufbw ec{re khbw hu lfbw yfr{bgbyfc{ew el nhgfbw kbderec{ew. kbw{fc{ew èh`rfdbgflec{e. yhkeckh u{bnbqfr kbterwhw regurwhw1 [ez{h. blfècw. æukbh. tìkeh. ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke frvubthw e {enf ke ghlyu{fkhr. vufkrh orfcgh e{g# Ezbw{el kbterwfw whnuàõew ch lergfkh1 Ezelynhw1 Peoez. Nbtelee{bc`. Fkhoe Ghcceg{. Gnfwwe T *whd{pfre nbtre". ec{re hu{rhw#

Kh bc`náw peo ghcderecgbc` . â h f{h ke ghckuqbr fyrewec{fàõew hu ecghc{rhw relh{flec{e f{rftâw kf bc{erce{# Fc{b`flec{e. hw {erlhw peo ghcderecgbc` e ghcderecgbc` e ghlyu{er ghcderecgbc` erfl ghcderecgbc` erfl drevuec{elec{e u{bnbqfkhw yfrf rederecgbfr kbwguwwõew refnbqfkfw f{rftâw ke ul yfbcen ke lecwfècw. vufwe welyre ke dhrlf fwwìcgrhcf# Jhae. hw {erlhw dfqel rederácgbf f wbw{elfw vue yerlb{el f ghlucbgfàçh el {elyh refn. ecvufc{h fw lecwfècw yhw{fkfw regeoel h chle ke d÷rul ke kbwguwwçh. ec{re hu{rhw#

Kbderecàfw ec{re Tbkehghcderácgbf e Ghcderácgbf peo Cf ghcderácgbf peo. gfkf yfr{bgbyfc{e yerlfcege el weu yr÷yrbh ghlyu{fkhr. e f ghcezçh ghl hu{rhw uwuærbhw â deb{f f{rftâw ke ul wbw{elf gec{rfn *ulf fynbgfàçh". vue yhke wer {fc{h bcw{fnfkf cf elyrewf ghlh fnu`fkf ke ghlyfcjbfw vue yrhteel h wertbàh ke fnuùen ke wfnfw tbr{ufbw# Ew{ew wbw{elfw yhkel wer fynbgf{bthw bcw{fnfkhw ch ghlyu{fkhr kh gnbec{e hu fynbgfàõew peo. hcke h uwuærbh fgewwf ulf U_N e we ghceg{f fh wbw{elf# Ew{fw fynbgfàõew peo chrlfnlec{e wçh kewecthntbkfw ghl {egchnh`bf Dnfwj hu Aftf#

Bc{rhkuàçh é ghcderácgbf peo

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Yhr vue u{bnbqfr ghcerácgbf peo8

Ghcderácgbf Peo

Eghchlbf ke {elyh e guw{hw el tbfècw ‗ U{bnbqfckh wbw{elfw ke ghcerácgbf yenf bc{erce{ â yhwwìten reucbr,we el {elyh refn ghl yewwhfw nhgfnbqfkfw el vufnvuer yfr{e kh luckh. ghlyfr{bnjfckh ghc{eñkh. enfohrfckh khgulec{hw el ghcauc{h. ec{re tærbfw hu{rfw tfc{fècw# Bw{h blynbgfræ kbre{flec{e cf hrlf ghlh wuf bcw{b{ubàçh elyre`f h {elyh e h kbcjebrh cfw tbfècw# 

H wertbà wertbàh h ke ghcderácgbf peo peo yhwwbobnb yhwwbob nb{f {f ghnfohrfàçh tbf bc{erce bc{ erce{{ yfrf1 Funfw= Wewwõew ke {u{hrbf= Yfnew{rfw= _eucbõew ke gfræ{er fklbcbw{rf{bth= [rebcflec{h f kbw{ïcgbf cf u{bnbqfàçh khw regurwhw kbkæ{bghw e yekf`÷`bghw elyre`fkhw chw gurwhw= Wuyhr{e relh{h fh ducgbhcflec{h kf bcdrfew{ru{urf ke rekew e kfw fynbgfàõew ke ghlucbgfàçh e ghnfohrfàçh u{bnbqfkfw chw gurwhw#

F`bnbqfàçh ke ghc{f{h ‗ Ulf teq vue fw reucbõew ghl gnbec{ew e yfrgebrhw cçh keyeckel lfbw kh kewnhgflec{h e ke guw{hw enetfkhw. enfw yhkel wer lfbw revuec{ew# Bcw{b{ubàõew yhkel {er lfbw peolee{bc`w kh vue reucbõew yrewecgbfbw# Vufc{h lfbw ghlucbgfàçh. lfbw ghc{f{h# F ghcerácgbf peo yerlb{e fbckf ulf lfbhr bc{erfàçh. yhbw yhwwub kbterwfw errflec{fw bc{e`rfkfw#

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Bc{erfàçh ‗ Fh ghc{rærbh kf tbkehghcerácgbf. cul wbw{elf ke ghcerácgbf peo ezbw{e f yhwwbobnbkfke ke ulf lfbhr e lenjhr u{bnbqfàçh ke regurwhw. ghlh ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke fyrewec{fàõew. {enf ke ghlyu{fkhrew e vufkrhw orfcghw# @rftfàçh e frlfqecflec{h ‗ Wh{pfrew ke ghcerácgbf peo. ghlh h Fkhoe Ghcceg{. yhwwuel f ucgbhcfnbkfke ke `rftfàçh e frlfqecflec{h kf ghcerácgbf yfrf ulf yhw{erbhr tbwufnbqfàçh# Dfgbnbkfke ke uwh ‗ Ghlh f lfbhrbf kfw fynbgfàõew ke ghcerácgbf peo cçh cegewwb{f ke ul wh{pfre,gnbec{e ewyegìbgh bcw{fnfkh cf lævubcf. grbf,we ulf `rfcke fgbnbkfke ke uwh. weckh cegewwærbf fyecfw ulf ghcezçh ghl f bc{erce{ e ul wh{pfre cfte`fkhr#

Ghcderácgbf Peo Fnùlfw tfc{fècw kf ghcderácgbf peo1 Kbwyecwf bcw{fnfàçh ke whd{pfre gnbec{e= Yhwwub regurwhw lun{blìkbf. ghlh uynhfk ke fyrewec{fàõew. tìkehw e khgulec{hw= Kbwyecwf evubyflec{hw ewyegìdbghw. e yhke wer deb{f ghl ulf peogfl ghlul= Yhwwbobnb{f f `rftfàçh ke reucbõew= Yhwwub vufkrh orfcgh yfrf fch{fàõew e kewecjhw= Yerlb{e gjf{= F lfbhrbf khw gfwhw kbwyecwf ghcdbùrfàçh ke dbrepfnn el gnbec{ew#

F ghcerácgbf peo kbwyecwf. el tærbhw gfwhw. f bcw{fnfàçh ke wh{pfre gnbec{e. ulf teq vue u{bnbqf h cfte`fkhr kf bc{erce{# Ec{re{fc{h. ul ynu`bc yhke wer cegewwærbh# [floâl kbwyecwf evubyflec{hw ewyegìbghw# F ghlucbgfàçh yhke wer eb{f ghl jefkwe{ e peogfl ghlul# F lfbhrbf khw gfwhw kbwyecwf ghcbùrfàçh ke brepfnn el gnbec{ew *uwh ke yhr{fw ghlucw. yhr ezelynh :9 e ;;7"# El fnùcw gfwhw â cegewwærbf f nboerfàçh kf yhr{f 6275 *[GY" ch brepfnn yfrf fgewwh ob,kbregbhcfn#

H {elyh ke fyreckbqfkh yfrf wuf u{bnbqfàçh â uwufnlec{e gur{h e revuer ofbzh ghcwulh ke ofckf. el ghlyfrfàçh ghl f tbkehghcerácgbf#


67

Bcdhrlfàõew fkbgbhcfbw Jefkwe{ â ul ghcauc{h ke hce ke hutbkh ghl ghc{rhne ke thnule e lbgrhhce fghynfkh yfrf uwh el lbgrhghlyu{fkhrew lun{blìkbf e {floâl el f{btbkfkew ke {enelfrme{bc`# Fn{ercf{btf bkefn yfrf f{eckblec{h {eneûcbgh ghcw{fc{e. kebzf fw lçhw kh hyerfkhr nbtrew yfrf hu{rfw {frefw# Yfrf hw lhkenhw ke jefkwe{ wel bh. f lhtblec{fàçh yhke wer ke f{â fnùcw le{rhw ke kbw{ïcgbf kf lewf ke {rfofnjh# _ewun{fl èrfnlec{e el lfbhr yrhku{btbkfke e yrewertfàçh kfw ghckbàõew ìwbgfw khw hyerfkhrew vue u{bnbqfl lub{h h {enehce#

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Ynu`bc â ul yrh`rflf ke ghlyu{fkhr èrfnlec{e yevuech e nete vue werte yfrf fkbgbhcfr ucàõew f hu{rhw yrh`rflfw lfbhrew. yrhteckh fnùlf ucgbhcfnbkfke ewyegbfn hu lub{h ewyegìbgf#

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Uynhfk â f {rfcwerácgbf ke kfkhw ke ul ghlyu{fkhr nhgfn yfrf ul wertbkhr# Gfwh flohw ew{eafl el reke. yhke,we uwfr ul wertbkhr ke D[Y. J[[Y hu vufnvuer hu{rh yrh{hghnh vue yerlb{f f {rfcwerácgbf#

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Dhc{e1 Pbmbyekbf

Ghcderácgbf Peo _egurwhw chrlfnlec{e kbwyhcìtebw1 Gjf{ yrbtfkh=

Ghlucbgfàçh ghl æukbh= Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke tìkeh= Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h kf {enf kh ghlyu{fkhr. ke fyrewec{fàõew. khgulec{hw. tìkehw e{g# Uynhfk e khpcnhfk ke frvubthw= Vufkrh orfcgh yfrf fch{fàõew e kewecjhw= Onhgh ke ch{fw= @rftfàçh kfw reucbõew#

Uwh kf Ghcderácgb cderácgbf f Peo ch Yrhbcdh Yrhbcdh

Uwh kf Ghcderácgbf Peo ch Yrhbcdh 

_eucbõew ke {rfofnjh Fyrewec{fàõew ke [GG [GG Wewwõew [brf,Kñtbkfw Funfw

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_eucbõew ke {rfofnjh ‗ _eucbõew yfrf reyfwwe ke bchrlfàõew e fnbcjflec{h ke fàõew. ghlh fger{h ke grhch`rflf e hrbec{fàõew yfrf h fckflec{h kh gurwh. ec{re hu{rhw# Fyrewec{fàõew ke [GG ‗ Hw fnuchw fn uchw relh{hw fyrewec{fl weuw {rfofnjhw ke ghcgnuwçh ke gurwh fh hrbec{fkhr e ftfnbfkhrew cf Bcw{b{ubàçh ke Ecwbch Wuyerbhr *BEW"# Wewwõew [brf,Kñtbkfw ‗ Ewyfàh ke bc{erfàçh yfrf ewgnfreger kñtbkfw khw fnuchw#

Funfw ‗ Wewwõew tbr{ufbw tbr {ufbw reucbckh {u{hrew relh{hw hu yrhewwhrew ghl hw fnuchw ch y÷nh. f{rftâw ke regurwhw ke ghcerácgbf peo#

6;


Wertbàh ke Ghcderácgbf Peo cf _CY [byhw ke wfnf Wfnfw tbr{ufbw who kelfckf1 Wfnfw tbr{ufbw grbfkfw f yfr{br ke kelfckfw khw uwuærbhw. ghl eckereàhw ke fgewwh *U_N" fnef{÷rbhw fnef{÷rbhw e relhtbkhw fy÷w h uwh#

Wfnfw tbr{ufbw yerlfcec{ew1 Wfnfw tbr{ufbw yerlfcec{ew ch wbw{elf f{â f kf{f yretbw{f yfrf wuf relhàçh# Yhwwuel eckereàh ke fgewwh fgewwh *U_N" kedbcbkh yenh uwuærbh. ke fghrkh ghl f kbwyhcbobnbkfke ch wbw{elf#

Wertbàh ke Ghcderácgbf Peo cf _CY Yæ`bcf kh wertbàh ch wb{ e kf _CY1 _CY1 j{{y1((ppp#rcy#or(ghcderecgbfpeo Cf yæ`bcf yæ`bcf kh wert bàh ch wb{e kf _CY ew{çh ew{çh kbwyhcìtebw kbw yhcìtebw e ketel wer ghcwbkerfkhw1 F yhnì{bgf ke uwh kh wertbàh= H wbw{elf ke fèckflec{h ke wfnfw tbr{ufbw=

H ùbf kh uwuærbh#

Wertbàh ke Ghcderácgbf Peo cf _CY F _CY kbwyhcbobnbqf ul wertbàh ke ghcerácgbf peo ofwefkh cf whnuàçh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh kewke ?994 yfrf h yñonbgh bc{erch kf _CY e ghlucbkfkew ewyegìbgfw. {fbw ghlh {enelekbgbcf e le{erehnh`bf# Wfnfw tbr{ufbw wçh kbwyhcbobnbqfkfw yfrf f refnbqfàçh ke ghcerácgbfw. reucbõew. welbcærbhw e yfnew{rfw# Ch lhlec{h. fw wfnfw her{fkfw yfrf h Yrhbch werçh wfnfw yerlfcec{ew# Ucbhrl _ewhurge Nhgf{hr *U_N". hu Nhgfnbqfkhr Ucbhrle ke _egurwhw. â h eckereàh ke ul regurwh *frvubth. blyrewwhrf e{g"# Bcbgbfnlec{e. fw Wegre{frbfw ke Ekugfàçh e hw C[E( C[Lw ew{çh kbwyecwfkhw ke uwfr f errflec{f ke fèckflec{h# Vufckh hr cegewwærbh h weu uwh. hw fklbcbw{rfkhrew kfw wfnfw tbr{ufbw werçh ch{bbgfkhw# F fèckf yrenblbcfr ke uwh kf wfnf {el h hoae{bth ke fgbnb{fr f èrácgbf kf fnhgfàçh kfw wfnfw yenh weu fklbcbw{rfkhr cf BEW hu Y÷nh. vue yhke wer lfbw ke ul e yerlb{br h lhcb{hrflec{h kh uwh khw regurwhw yenf èrácgbf kh wertbàh#

Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh Fkhoe Ghcce cceg{ g{ Yrh

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Derrflec{f ke ghcderácgbf peo Derrflec{f peo ke lun{byrhy÷wb lun{b yrhy÷wb{h# {h# Fgewwh bcw{fc{ïceh. yhbw u{b nbqf h Fkhoe Dnfwj Ynfer. Ynfer. vue ew{æ bcw{fnfkh el 22% 22% khw ghlyu{fkhrew ghceg{fkhw ghceg {fkhw é bc{erce bc{erce{# {# Lun{bynf{fdhrlf Pbckhpw Nbcuz

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Lun{bynf{fhrlf ‗ Cegewwb{f ke ul orhpwer e kh Fkhoe Dnfwj Ynfer bcw{fnfkh#

Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh Werter 

Lfgbc{hwj

Tfrbfkhw regurwhw Tfrbfkhw r egurwhw lun{blìkbf

Fgewwh bcw{fc{ïceh ‗ Cçh wçh cegewwærbhw khpcnhfkw yfrf yfr{bgbyfàçh cfw reucbõew#

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Bc{e`rf fw ghlucbgfàõew el {elyh refn e who kelfckf# Dhrcege fklbcbw{rfàçh ke uwuærbhw. ghc{rhne. èrfàçh ke renf{÷rbhw e èrecgbflec{h ke ghc{eñkh bc{e`rfkh yfrf {hkhw hw fynbgf{bthw kh Fgrhof{ Ghcceg{ Yrh#

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Herege fn{f ewgfnfobnbkfke e wuyhr{e f lbnjfrew ke uwuærbhw wblun{ïcehw#

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Wuyhr{f ul ñcbgh wertbkhr hu flobec{ew f`ruyfkhw#

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Yerlb{e blynfc{fàçh rekuckfc{e#


65

Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh [rfbcbc` 

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Yrhtá fw errflec{fw cegewwærbfw yfrf èrecgbfr. kewecthnter e lhcb{hrfr {rebcflec{hw# Hw {rebcflec{hw yhkel wer etec{hw el {elyh refn. fyrewec{fàõew `rftfkfw. khgulec{hw. {ew{ew. e{g# Yerlb{e f grbfàçh ke elec{f ke {rebcflec{h vue yhke wer weùbkh yenhw fnuchw e lhcb{hrfkh yenhw yen hw fklbcbw{rfkhrew# @erf renf{÷rbhw ew{f{ìw{bghw whore hw gurwhw. fnuchw. ch{fw e rewun{fkhw#

Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh Etec{w  

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Yrhtá errflec{fw yfrf èrecgbflec{h ke etec{hw ke nfr`f ewgfnf# Yerlb{e f èrfàçh ke hrlunærbhw yfrf bcwgrbàçh el etec{hw. ch{bbgfàõew fu{hlæ{bgfw e ghctb{ew yerwhcfnbqfkhw# @erf renf{÷rbhw ke{fnjfkhw whore bchrlfàõew khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ghlh re`bw{rhw. re`bw{r hw. yewvubwfw e yfr{bgbyfàçh chw etec{hw#

Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh Lee{bc`  

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Dhc{e kh `ræbgh1 j{{y1(( ppp#fkhoe#ghl(or( yrhkug{w( fgrhof{ghcceg{yrh( pjfkhoe( Bc{rhkuàçh é ghcerácgbf peo

Dhrcege reucbõew e welbcærbhw el {elyh refn# Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke ghc{eñkh ftfcàfkh. bcgnubckh nuzh ke æukbh. tìkeh e wblunfàõew ke wh{pfre. fnâl ke yerlb{br ghcerácgbf el tìkeh ghl tærbfw yewwhfw# Wfntf fu{hlf{bgflec{e fw wfnfw ke reucbõew yerwhcfnbqfkfw e weu ghc{eñkh yfrf fgewwh yhw{erbhr# F gfyfgbkfke ke frvubtflec{h rekuq krfw{bgflec{e f yreyfrfàçh yfrf welbcærbhw reghrrec{ew. reghrrec{ew. reucbõew ke evubye e fyrewec{fàõew ke teckfw#

64


Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh

Fkhoe Fk hoe Ghcce Ghcceg{ g{ Yrh Derrflec{f ghlyhw{f ke ul wertbkhr yrb cgbyfn e {ráw Derrflec{f l÷kunhw1 Fkhoe Fkh oe Fgrhof{ Fgrhof{ Ghc Ghcceg{ ceg{ Yrh Werter Werter Fkhoe Fkh oe Fgrhof{ Fgrhof{ Ghc Ghcceg{ ceg{ Yrh Lee{bc`

Fkhoe Fgrhof Fkhoe Fgrhof{{ Ghc Ghcceg{ ceg{ Yrh [rfbcbc` Fkhoe Fkh oe Fgrhof{ Fgrhof{ Ghc Ghcceg{ ceg{ Yrh Etec{w Etec{w

Tìkehw ezynbgf{bthw whore hw l÷kunhw kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh yhkel wer fgewwfkhw ch eckereàh fofbzh1 j{{y1((ghcceg{uwerw#ghl({u{hrbfnw(?99:(9:(tbkehX htertbepw(bckez#yjy

_evubwb{hw ke wbw{elfw yfrf yfr{bgbyfc{ew e wertbkhr1

Fkhoe Ghcceg Ghcceg{{ Yrh _evubwb{hw lìcblhw yfrf yfr{bgbyfc{ew1 Lbgrhghlyu{fkhr ke 6 @Jq *hu wuyerbhr" ghl 56? le`fo{ew ke lel÷rbf _FL=

Wbw{elf hyerfgbhcfn Pbckhpw. Nbcuz hu Lfgbc{hwj= Orhpwer Bc{erce{ Ezynhrer *5#9 hu wuyerbhr". Lhqbnnf Dbredhz *6#5 hu wuyerbhr" wuyerbhr" hu Ce{wgfye Cftb`f{hr *0#6 hu wuyerbhr"= Fkhoe Dnfwj Ynfer bcw{fnfkh= Jefkwe{ e peogfl ke ohf vufnbkfke vufnbkfke *hygbhcfn" *hygbhcfn" e el yerdeb{h ew{fkh ke ducgbhcflec ducgbhcflec{h= {h= Ecnfge ke fgewwh fgewwh é bc{erce{ ke ch lìcblh ?54 Moyw#

j{{y1((ppp#fkhoe#ghl(or(yrhkug{w(fgrhof{ghcceg{ yrh(ww{elrevw( Gfwh h weu y÷nh fgewwe f bc{erce{ yhr bc{erlâkbh ke ulf fc{ecf gekbkf yenh LEG. u{bnbqe whlec{e ul ghlyu{fkhr yfrf yfr{bgbyfr kf ghcerácgbf peo# F yfr{bnjf kf ofckf yfwwfc{e ec{re tærbhw ghlyu{fkhrew yreaukbgf echrlelec{e f ghcerácgbf peo#

F{ecàçh

Chrlfnlec{e f tenhgbkfke ke khpcnhfk *ofbzfr kfkhw" â lfbhr kh vue f tenhgbkfke ke uynhfk *ectbfr kfkhw"# Ghcezõew ghlergbfbw ke ? Lob{w yhr weùckh *Loyw". yhr ezelynh. yhwwuel ulf {fzf ke khpcnhfk refn ke ?54 Mo{ew yhr weùckh *MOyw" e ke uynhfk ke ?9 MOyw#


60

Lbgrhdhcew

Lbgrhdhcew Cçh u{bn bqfr lbgrhdhcew ke nfy{hy. vue gfy{fl lub{h Cçh ruìkh e chrlfnlec{e {ál ofbzf vufnbkfke# H jefkwe{ jefkwe{ â f lenjhr lenjhr ewghnjf yfrf tærbfw fynbgfàõew. fynbgfàõew. yhbw kebzf fw lçhw nbtr ew yfrf hyerfr {egnfkh e lhuwe. fnâl fnâl ke wer dægbn ke {rfcwyhr{fr Wuèw{õew ke lfrgfw

We hr yregbwh reucbr tærbhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew el ul ñcbgh nhgfn. ká yreerácgbf yfrf hw evubyflec{hw hu {enehcew yfrf æukbh ghcerácgbf vue yhwwfl wer bc{e`rfkhw fh ghlyu{fkhr ghlyu{fkhr##

Nh`b{egj Lbgrhwhd{ Ynfc{rhcbgw

Lfbw bcdhrlfàõew j{{yw1((fklbc#fkhoe# fgrhof{#ghl(Xf?25657( lbgrhyjhcew

Gfwh h y÷nh cçh yhwwuf ulf ghcezçh vue yerlb{f vue tærbhw ghlyu{fkhrew we ghceg{el é ghcerácgbf peo. thgá yhke u{bnbqfr ul jefkwe{ wel bh yfrf vue hw fnuchw we ezyrewwel wel yrhonelfw ke kewnhgflec{h#

Lbgrhdhcew F lfbhrbf khw lbgr hdhcew UWO wçh wçh ke ohf vufnbkfke Fnùlfw peogflw peogflw yhwwuel lbgrhd hcew bc{erchw. èrfnlec{e ke ofbzf vufnbkfke


Yfrf lfbhr vufnbkfke ke `rftfàçh â fghcwenjæten f u{bnbqfàçh ke lbgrhhcew yrhbwwbhcfbw= yrhbwwbhcfbw= yhrâl. yfrf bc{e`ræ,nhw fh lbgrh. â cegewwærbf ulf ynfgf ke gfy{urf ke whl#

Ká yreerácgbf f jefkwe{w ghl ghceg{hrew UWO. yhrvue enew enblbcfl yrhonelfw keghrrec{ew ke lfu ucgbhcflec{h kf ynfgf ke whl# @erfnlec{e jefkwe{ ghl ghceg{hr UWO yhwwub ul jfrkpfre bc{e`rfkh ke æukbh vue enblbcf yrhonelfw ke ruìkh cf ghlucbgfàçh. oel ghlh ghc{rhne er`hcûl er`hcûlbgh bgh ke ghc{rhne#

6:


Peogfl Fgblf ke 6 le`f le`fybzen ybzen Fkvubrf yrhku{hw ke lfrgfw ghcjegbkfw Ghw{ulfl {er lenjhr vufnbkfke ke blfèl Lewlh vue f peogfl {ecjf lbgr hdhce. â Lewlh reghleckæten u{bnbqfr ul lbgrhdhce ez{erch hu h lbgrhdhce kh jefkwe{ Nh`b{egj

Peogfl Fw peogflw ke ohf vufnbkfke fqel ul lenjhr ghc{rhne kf nulbchwbkfke e yhwwuel ul hgh lfbw ebgfq# Etb{e yhwbgbhcfr f peogfl el nhgfbw ghl nulbchwbkfke ezgewwbtf. yhr ezelynh kbregbhcfkf yfrf afcenfw hu yhr{fw#

Lbgrhwhd{ Gref{bte

Uwuærbhw kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Ezbw{el {ráw yerdbw ke uwuærbhw. hu ducàõew. yfrf h Fkhoe Ghcceg{1 Jhw{ Fyrewec{fkhr Yfr{bgbyfc{e *f{eckee *f{eckee"" Hw {byhw kedbcel hw regurwhw yfrf ghlyfr{bnjflec{h. {rfcwlbwwçh e hu{r fw f{btbkfkew el ulf reucbçh#

Uwuærbhw kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Ducàõew e yerlbwwõew kfw reucbõew Ke{erlbcfl regurwhw yfrf ghlyfr{bnjflec{h. {rfcwlbwwçh e hu{rfw f{btbkfkew el ulf reucbçh kh Fgrhof{ Ghcceg{ Yrh# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ke ulf wfnf ke reucbõew yhkel regeoer {ráw {byhw kberec{ew k berec{ew ke ucàçh1 jhw{. fyrewec{fkhr e yfr{bgbyfc{e# H grbfkhr kf reucbçh regeoe. yhr yfkrçh. f ucàçh ke jhw{# H jhw{ yhke ewyegbbgfr f ucàçh ke gfkf ul khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. e bcgnuwbte f{rboubr f ucàçh ke jhw{ f hu{rhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kf reucbçh# Ghcbrf fw yerlbwwõew yfrf gfkf ucàçh#


62

Uwuærbhw kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{

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Jhw{

Ghcdbùrf reucbõew= Ghctbkf e fgeb{f yfr{bgbyfc{ew= Fkbgbhcf ghc{eñkhw ghc{eñkhw é obonbh{egf= Ghlyfr{bnjf ghc{eñkhw= Fkbgbhcf hu ekb{f nfhu{w el ulf wfnf ke reucbõew= Yrhlhte f ducàçh ke hu{rhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew e dhrcege yerlbwwõew ftfcàfkfw wel fn{erfr f ducàçh= Grbf e èrecgbf wewwõew ke `ruyh= Fèckf reucbõew# 

Uwuærbhw kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Fyrewec{fkhr Ghlyfr{bnjf ghc{eñkh kf obonbh{egf e ke weu yr÷yrbh ghlyu{fkhr= Ghlyfr{bnjfr wuf {enf ghl hw kelfbw yfr{bgbyfc{ew= [rfcwlb{br æukbh e tìkeh el {elyh refn#


Fyrewec{fkhr ‗ Yhke ghlyfr{bnjfr ghc{eñkh kf obonbh{egf e ke weu ghlyu{fkhr yewwhfn *vue aæ {ecjf wbkh gfrre`fkh cf wfnf ke reucbçh". bcgnubckh fyrewec{fàõew kh Fkhoe£ Yrewec{er *frvubthw YY[ e YY[Z". frvubthw el Dnfwj£ *frvubthw WPD". blfècw *frvubthw AYE@". frvubthw ke tìkeh *DNT". frvubthw ke æukbh *LY7" e yfgh{ew Wjfrfone Ghc{ec{ Hoaeg{ _eerecge Lhken *WGH_L" ghlyfg{fkhw *QBY"# H fyrewec{fkhr yhke ghlyfr{bnjfr wuf {enf ghl {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. ghcterwfr e {rfcwlb{br æukbh e tìkeh el {elyh refn#

Howertfàõew 

Frvubthw YY[. YY[Z. WPD. AYE@ . DNT. LY7 e QBY *WGH_L"=

Jhw{ ‗ Yhke ghcbùrfr reucbõew. ghctbkfr yfr{bgbyfc{ew. ghlyfr{bnjfr e fkbgbhcfr ghc{eñkhw é obonbh{egf. fkbgbhcfr hu ekb{fr nfhu{w el ulf wfnf ke reucbõew# Yhke fbckf yrhlhter hu{rhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yfrf f ucàçh ke jhw{ hu fyrewec{fkhr kf wfnf ke reucbõew. hu f enew hrceger yerlbwwõew ftfcàfkfw. wel vue wufw ucàõew weafl fn{erfkfw# H jhw{ yhke {floâl grbfr e èrecgbfr yevuecfw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh el ulf reucbçh. fnâl ke ezegu{fr {hkfw fw {frefw ke ul fyrewec{fkhr hu yfr{bgbyfc{e#

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F{ec{fr yfrf fw hc{ew fy÷w f ghcterwçh kh YY[ yfrf Fkhoe Yrewec{er. yhrvue enfw yhkel fyrewec{fr fn{erfàõew wb`cbbgf{btfw# Wjfrfone Ghc{ec{ Hoaeg{ _eerecge Lhken *WGH_L" â ulf ghneàçh ke yfkrõew e ewyegbbgfàõew yfrf e,nefrcbc` ofwefkh cf peo# F chrlf WGH_L kebce ghlucbgfàõew ec{re h ghc{eñkh kh nfkh kh gnbec{e e ul jhw{(fcb{rbçh gjflfkh ke flobec{e ke ezeguàçh. ghlulec{e ulf ucàçh ke ul Wbw{elf ke @erecgbflec{h ke Fyreckbqfkh *Nefrcbc` Lfcfèlec{ Ww{el ‗ NLW"# WGH_L {floâl we kebce ghlh h ghc{eñkh vue yhke wer ghlyfg{fkh el ul frvubth ke {rfcwerácgbf *QBY"#

?9


Uwuærbhw kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yfr{bgbyfc{e

Tá h ghc{eñkh ghlyfr{bnjfkh= Hute e fwwbw{e éw {rfcwlbwwõew ke æukbh e tìkeh kh fyrewec{fkhr= Uwf h yhk ke of{e,yfyh= of{e,yfyh= Yfr{bgbyf kfw reucbõew ghlyfr{bnjfckh ghlyfr{bnjfckh yhkw hu uwfckh æukbh e tìkeh we regeoer yerlbwwõew kh jhw{#

Yrblebrh ghc{f{h ghl h Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Fgewwe h nbcm ectbfkh yhr e,lfbn yenh jhw{ Dhrlf{h kh nbcm kbwyhcbobnbqfkh1

Yfrf fw wegre{frbfw ke ekugfàçh ew{fkufbw j{{y1((peoghcd#rcy#or(yrhbcdhX>UD j{{y1((peoghcd#rcy#or(yrh bcdhX>UD 3 Yfrf fw wegre{frbfw ke ekugfàçh lucbgbyfbw j{{y1((peoghcd#rcy#or(yrhbcdhX>UDXlucbg j{{y1((peoghcd#rcy#or(yrh bcdhX>UDXlucbgìybh ìybh 3

Yfr{bgbyfc{e ‗ Yhke ezbobr h ghc{eñkh ghlyfr{bnjfkh. hutbr e fwwbw{br éw {rfcwlbwwõew ke æukbh e tìkeh kh fyrewec{fkhr e uwfr h yhk ke of{e,yfyh# 

Yrblebrh ghc{f{h ghl h Fkhoe Ghcceg{ É lekbkf vue yrhbwwbhcfbw weafl {rebcfkhw cfw bcw{b{ubàõew yfrf lfcuwefr e lun{bynbgfr h ghcjegblec{h kf errflec{f Fkhoe Ghcceg{ yfrf ghcerácgbf peo. werçh grbfkfw fw wfnfw kfw bcw{b{ubàõew e ghcgekbkfw fw yerlbwwõew yfrf hw fklbcbw{rfkhrew kewwfw wfnfw#

[ew{e ke ghcezçh Ch nbcm Faukf yhke,we fqer h {ew{e ke ghceg{btbkfke# Blyhr{fc{e1 h {ew{e ke ghcezçh kete wer eb{h yretbflec{e f gfkf ghcerácgbf peo ch ghlyu{fkhr e ghl h ecnfge ke bc{erce{ vue weræ u{bnbqfkh yfrf h etec{h#

Gnbvue el Faukf yfrf fqer h {ew{e ke ghcezçh Yrhae{h ghcpeoIyrhbch1 ghcpeoIyrhbch1 Ghcerácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbch Bc{e`rfkh ‗ Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl fy reckbqfèl 6

?6

Fc{ew ke ec{rfr

Fc{ew ke ec{rfr [ew{fckh fw ghcdbùrfàõew kh ghlyu{fkhr

_eghleckflhw {ew{fr h ghlyu{fkhr fc{ew ke we ghceg{fr f ulf ghcerácgbf peo# H rewun{fkh kh {ew{e bckbgfræ f whnuàçh el gfwh ke yrhonelf# F{fnjh1 cf {enf ke nh`bc ke vufnvuer ghcerácgbf peo thgá ecghc{rf h nbcm Faukf vue h ecgflbcjfræ yfrf f yæ`bcf ke {ew{ew#

Blyhr{fc{e1 cew{e wb{e {floâl ecghc{rfl,we tærbfw kbgfw yfrf whnugbhcfr yrhonelfw j{{y1((peoghcd#rcy#or(ghllhc(jeny(y{,or(wuyyhr{(lee{bc`X{ew{#j{l

Ghlh ec{rfr Kbgf1 gfwh f bkebf weaf kbtbkbr hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhr y÷nh. reghleckf,we f weùbc{e ghlyhwbàçh ke bkec{bbgfàçh1 >BCW[B[UBÀÇH ‗ WEU CHLE3 Kew{f hrlf weræ lfbw ægbn e æ`bn bkec{bbgfr hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew#

Kb`b{e >UD , Chle3 e gnbvue el Ec{rfr cf wfnf


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Ew{f lecwfèl fyfregeræ cf {enf gfwh h ghlyu{fkhr cçh yhwwuf f terwçh fyrhyrbfkf kh ynu`bc Dnfwj Ynfer bcw{fnfkh ch lbgrh# Cew{e gfwh. weræ cegewwærbf f bcw{fnfàçh kh lewlh f yfr{br kh wb{e1 ppp#fkhoe#ghl#or

Gfwh h ghlyu{fkhr cçh yhwwuf h Dnfwj Ynfer

Bcw{fnfàçh kh Fkhoe Dnfwj Ynfer Pbckhpw

Fgewwe h nbcm ppp#fkhoe#ghl(`h(è{dnfwjynfer Gnbvue ch oh{çh Ghcghrkh e bcw{fnfr f`hrf Nbcuz Uouc{u :#9;

Bcw{fnfàçh kh Fkhoe Dnfwj Ynfer Yfrf ghcbùrfr h nfwj cfw kbterwfw kbw{rboubàõew kh Nbcuz. tbwb{e h nbcm1 

Kb`b{e cf afcenf ke ghlfckh *{erlbcfn" + wukh fy{è{ bcw{fnn dnfwjynu`bcchcdree

El fnùcw ghlyu{fkhrew h whl yhke cçh ducgbhcfr oel + wukh fy{è{ bcw bcw{fnn {fnn fnwfhww + `mwukh èkb{ (e{g(db (e{g(dbredhz(db redhz(dbredhzrg redhzrg

Bcgnubr1

DB_EDHZXKWY<“chce“ DB_EDHZXKWY<“fhww“

j{{y1((ppp#fkhoe#ghl(or(yrhkug{w(nfw j{{y1((ppp#fkhoe#ghl(or (yrhkug{w(nfwjynfer( jynfer( yrhkug{bch(bcw{rug{bhcw('weg{bhc,7

Bcw{ruàõew yfrf u{bnbqfàçh ke Uouc{u1 

j{{y1((uouc{uhrulw#hr`(wjhp{jrefk# yjy8{
Cf bcw{fnfàçh kh Fkhoe Dnfwj Ynfer ch wbw{elf hyerfgbhcfn Lfgbc{hwj. h cfte`fkhr ke bc{erce{ yfkrçh â h Wffrb# Hu{rhw cfte`fkhrew yhkel wer bcw{fnfkhw *Lhqbnnf Dbrehz"# Yfrf bcw{fnfr h ynu`bc ofw{f ec{rfr el ulf yæ`bcf vue h revuebrf e h cfte`fkhr h ùbfræ ch yrhgewwh ke bcw{fnfàçh#


?7

Hw yhkw wçh afcenfw kbwyhw{fw cf wfnf vue yerlb{el f bc{erfàçh ec{re hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kf reucbçh# Yhkel {er kbterwfw ucàõew e wçh fkbgbhcfkhw é reucbçh yenh jhw{# W{f{uw kh yfr{bgbyfc{e

Lecuw

[enf kh yfr{bgbyfc{e Fw wfnfw grbfkfw tál ghl {ráw nfhu{w yfkrçh1 Nfhu{w kberec{ew yhkel wer lhw{rfkhw kurfc{e h etec{h. tbwfckh fkevufàçh fh {byh ke bc{erfàçh kf reucbçh#


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Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h=

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Kbwguwwçh=

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Ghnfohrfàçh#

Yhkw ke ucàõew kbw{bc{fw

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Lecu _eucbçh1 Fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcdbùrfàçh ke æukbh Yerlb{e f ghcdb ùrfàçh kf ec{rfkf e wfìkf ke æukbh *{hkhw ketel refnbqfr ew{e yrhgekblec{h" Yhwwub gbcgh yfwwhw yfrf ghcdbùrfàçh1 Yfwwh 6 , [ew{e f wfìkf wfìkf ke æukbh e h thnule Yfwwh ? , Wenegbhce f ec{rfkf ke æukbh æukbh vue weræ u{bnb qfkf Yfwwh 7 , [ew{e h lbgrhdhce Yfwwh ; , Fauw{e h cìten ke wbnácgbh Yfwwh Yf wwh 5 , Ghc Ghcgnuf gnuf

Lecu _eucbçh1 Fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcdbùrfàçh ke æukbh Ch lecu _eucbçh. gnbvue el Ghcdbùrfàõew ftfcàfkfw# Terbbvue we f hyàçh Uwfr æukbh ftfcàfkh ew{æ wenegbhcfkf# Ewwf hyàçh f{btf h ghc{rhne fu{hlæ{bgh ke æukbh. bcgnubckh hw regurwhw ke gfcgenflec{h ke egh. ghc{rhne ke thnule kh lbgrhhce. ke{egàçh kh lhkh wbnecgbhwh e wuyrewwçh ke ruìkh# Wenegbhce ewwf hyàçh yfrf uwfr hu{rfw ghcbùrfàõew ftfcàfkfw#

Yfrf fauw{fr h Cìten ke wbnácgbh. frrfw{e h ghc{rhne kewnbqfc{e# Vufc{h lfbhr hr h cìten. lfbhr weræ f wecwbobnbkfke fh wbnácgbh kurfc{e fw {rfcwlbwwõew ke æukbh# Yfrf forbr h Lhkh ke gfcgenflec{h ke egh fgñw{bgh . wenegbhce ulf kfw hyàõew kewgrb{fw fofbzh# H Fgrhof{ Fgrhof{ Fgrhof{ Ghcceg{ Fkk,Bc yregbwf ew{fr bcw{fnfkh yfrf uwfr ewwf hyàçh1 

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Dunn Kuynez ‗ Yerlb{e vue tærbhw uwuærbhw ghcterwel wblun{fceflec{e# We hghrrer egh. wenegbhce hu{rf hyàçh *ew{f hyàçh â reghleckæten yfrf f lfbhrbf khw wbw{elfw"# Jfn Kuynez ‗ Yerlb{e vue fyecfw ul uwuærbh ghcterwe yhr teq# Uwe ew{f hyàçh we hw lbgrhhcew kh weu wbw{elf hrel ez{relflec{e wecwìtebw *{rfcwlb{brel ruìkhw ke uckh bckeweaætebw" hu we f bc{ecwbkfke kh weu regurwh ke gfcgenflec{h ke egh hr rfgf# Dhcew ‗ H{blbqf fw ghcbùrfàõew ke æukbh yfrf h uwh ke hcew ke hutbkh# Ew{f hyàçh uwf h lhkh Dunn Kuynez. ch vufn tærbhw uwuærbhw yhkel ghcterwfr wblun{fceflec{e# H lhkh Kewf{btfkh kewf{btf h regurwh ke gfcgenflec{h ke egh#

Yfrf yerlb{br vue h Fgrhof{ Ghcceg{ Fkk,Bc wenegbhce fu{hlf{bgflec{e h lenjhr lhkh ke gfcgenflec{h ke egh fgñw{bgh yfrf h weu wbw{elf. wenegbhce f hyàçh Wecwhr fu{hlæ{bgh kh Lhkh ke gfcgenflec{h ke egh fgñw{bgh *wenegbhcfkf yhr yfkrçh"# We ewwf hyàçh hr wenegbhcfkf. h Fkk,Bc â bcbgbfkh e fauw{fkh yfrf h lenjhr lhkh. ghl ofwe el bchrlfàõew khw wbw{elfw khw uwuærbhw# Yfrf kewf{btfr h fauw{e fu{hlæ{bgh kh lhkh ke gfcgenflec{h ke egh fgñw{bgh e uwfr fyecfw h lhkh vue thgá wenegbhchu. kewlfrvue ewwf hyàçh# Yrhae{h ghcpeoIyrhbch1 ghcpeoIyrhbch1 Ghcerácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbch Bc{e`rfkh ‗ Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl fy reckbqfèl 6

?5

Yfrf f{btfr h fauw{e fu{hlæ{bgh ke thnule kh lbgrhhce ghl ofwe cfw fn{erfàõew kh cìten ke thq. wenegbhce f hyàçh Ghc{rhne fu{hlæ{bgh ke `fcjh *wenegbhcfkf yhr yfkrçh"# Kewlfrvue ewwf hyàçh we {bter yrhonelfw ghl tfrbfàõew bcewyerfkfw ch thnule ke æukbh# Kewlfrgfr ewwf hyàçh blyeke h fauw{e fu{hlæ{bgh kh thnule kh lbgrhhce# Wenegbhce ulf kfw hyàõew ke vufnbkfke kh æukbh kewgrb{fw yfrf fauw{fr ulf ghlobcfàçh ke {hkfw fw ghcbùrfàõew ke æukbh. bcgnubckh hw regurwhw ke cìten ke wbnácgbh. gfcgenflec{h ke egh e ghc{rhne ke `fcjh# Vufc{h lfbw fn{f hr f vufnbkfke. lfbhr weræ h uwh ke regurwhw kf GYU# Ghcwevuec{elec{e. h kewelyecjh kh wbw{elf bgfræ lfbw nec{h. lfw f vufnbkfke kh æukbh weræ lenjhr# Â reghleckæten vue thgá uwe f ghcbùrfàçh ke vufnbkfke lfbw fn{f yhwwìten vue cçh yrhthvue ulf ke`rfkfàçh ke{eg{æten ch æukbh kh weu wbw{elf# Wenegbhce ulf kfw vuf{rh ghcbùrfàõew1 

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_æybkh ‗ Herege h kewelyecjh lfbw ræybkh e f vufnbkfke ke æukbh lfbw ofbzf# Ew{f ghcbùrfàçh uwf yhughw regurwhw kf GYU. hyàçh vue kete wer u{bnbqfkf el wbw{elfw ghl GYUw lfbw nec{fw# Ohl ‗ Herege ul kewelyecjh lfbw nec{h. lfw ulf vufnbkfke ke æukbh wuyerbhr# Ohl â f ghcbùrfàçh yfkrçh. reghleckæten yfrf f lfbhrbf khw wbw{elfw# Lenjhr ‗ Herege h kewelyecjh lfbw nec{h e f lenjhr vufnbkfke ke æukbh# Uwe ewwf hyàçh yfrf wbw{elfw ghl GYUw ræybkfw# Yerwhcfnbqfr ‗ Yerlb{e wenegbhcfr hyàõew kfw ghcbùrfàõew ke vufnbkfke kh æukbh# Uwe ew{f hyàçh vufckh fw ghcbùrfàõew yfkrçh cçh heregerel rewun{fkhw fkevufkhw# Tæ yfrf f e{fyf kh fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcbùrfàçh ke æukbh yfrf wenegbhcfr fw hyàõew yerwhcfnbqfkfw# We {bter ewghnjbkh fw hyàõew rew{furee fw ghcbùrfàõew _æybkh. Ohl hu Lenjhr . b`chre wufw weneàõew e rew{fur _ekedbcbr yfkrõew yfkrõew# We {bter wenegbhcfkh f ftfcàfkfw yfkrçh. gnbgfckh el _ekedbcbr hyàçh Yerwhcfnbqfr . ewghnjf ulf kfw weùbc{ew hyàõew1 Hyàçh 6?: *ghcbùrfàçh yfkrçh" hu ?54 ‗ Yfrf ghcbùrfr h gflbcjh ke egh= vufc{h lfbhr hr h cìten kf ghcbùrfàçh. lfbhr weræ f wuyrewwçh ke æukbh# Ew{f ghcbùrfàçh uwf lfbw regurwhw kf GYU e â reghleckæten yfrf wbw{elfw vue cçh u{bnbqfl hcew ke hutbkh# Wuyrewwçh ke ruìkh *wenegbhcfkf yhr yfkrçh" ‗ Hyàçh yfrf rekuqbr h ruìkh ch lbgrhhce# Kewlfrvue ew{f hyàçh yfrf fulec{fr f wecwbobnbkfke kh lbgrhhce#

Yfrf ghcbùrfr h gfcgenflec{h ke egh fgñw{bgh. wenegbhce1 

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Hyàçh _æybkh ‗ U{bnbqfkf yfrf ho{er h kewelyecjh lfbw ræybkh e f vufnbkfke lfbw ofbzf# Hyàçh Ohl ‗ U{bnbqfkf yfrf ho{er ul kewelyecjh lfbw nec{h e ulf vufnbkfke ul yhugh lenjhr# lenjhr#

?4

Ewghnf Wuyerbhr ke _ekew _CY 

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Hyàçh Lenjhr ‗ U{bnbqfkf yfrf ho{er h kewelyecjh lfbw nec{h e f lenjhr vufnbkfke# Hyàçh Yrhgewwflec{h cçh,nbcefr *wenegbhcfkf yhr yfkrçh" ‗ Yfrf refnbqfr ul yrhgewwflec{h cçh,nbcefr khw kfkhw ke æukbh= kewlfrvue ew{f hyàçh yfrf uwfr h yrhgewwflec{h yfkrçh *e lechw regurwhw kf GYU"# Hyàçh _ekedbcbr yfkrõew ‗ Yfrf b`chrfr wufw weneàõew e rew{furfr fw ghcbùrfàõew ftfcàfkfw yfkrçh#

Yfrf fynbgfr fw ghcbùrfàõew yfkrçh e re{hrcfr fh fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcbùrfàçh ke æukbh. gnbvue el HM. e h fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcbùrfàçh ke æukbh â ezbobkh# Gnbvue el Ghcgnubr yfrf wfbr kh fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcbùrfàçh ke æukbh# Nelore,we ke vue we h ynu`bc Fkk,Bc cçh ew{bter bcw{fnfkh. f tbwufnbqfàçh kf ghcbùrfàçh ke æukbh ew{fræ kberec{e# Cew{e gfwh. bcw{fne h ynu`bc#

Yfwwh 6 ke 51 [ew{fr wfìkf ke whl Cew{e yfwwh. h Fkhoe Ghcceg{ elb{bræ whl vue yhwwf wer reyrhkuqbkh yenfw wufw gfbzfw ke whl# Gfwh cçh fghc{eàf. terbbvue we wufw gfbzfw ke whl ew{çh ketbkflec{e ghceg{fkfw fh ghlyu{fkhr e nb`fkfw *gfwh weaf cegewwærbf fnblec{fàçh enâ{rbgf"#

Yfwwh ? ke 51 Wenegbhcfr lbgrhdhce Fnùcw ghlyu{fkhrew yhkel {er lfbw ke ulf ec{rfkf yfrf lbgrhhce. ghlh peogflw ghl lbgrhhcew# Wenegbhce f ec{rfkf vue weræ u{bnbqfkf e tæ fh yr÷zblh yfwwh yfrf {ew{fr h lbgrhhce# Gfwh h lbgrhhce wenegbhcfkh cçh weaf h keweafkh. â yhwwìten thn{fr fh yfwwh ? e ewghnjer hu{rh lbgrhhce#


?0

Yfwwh 7 ke 51 [ew{fr lbgrhdhce Dfàf h {ew{e kh lbgrhhce `rftfckh ulf rfwe kb{f yenh yfr{bgbyfc{e e reyrhkuqf yfrf terbbgfr we enf hb `rftfkf ghrre{fle ghrre{flec{e# c{e#

Yfwwh ; ke 51 Fauw{fr cìten ke wbnácgbh Wb`f fw bcw{ruàõew kf {enf yfrf refnbqfr h {ew{e#

Yfwwh 5 ke 51 Yhke,we ghcgnubr f ghcdbùrfàçh hu ghcdbùrfr lfcufnlec{e el Ghcdbùrfàõew ftfcàfkfw

Gfwh h ynu`bc Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Fkk,Bc cçh {ecjf wbkh bcw{fnfkh. h oh{çh Ghcdbùrfàõew Ftfcàfkfw cçh fyfregeræ cew{e yfwwh# Yhr ewwe lh{bth. weræ cegewwærbh ec{rfr ch wb{e fofbzh yfrf vue weaf eb{f f bcw{fnfàçh1 j{{y1((peoghc#rcy#or(ghllhc(jeny(y{,or( wuyyhr{(lee{bc`X{ew{#j{l 

Fyfregeræ {floâl ch gfc{h wuyerbhr kbreb{h kf {enf ul ìghce ftbwfckh vue weu ghlyu{fkhr cçh yhwwub h ynu`bc bcw{fnfkh# Gnbvue ch ìghce yfrf bcw{fnæ,nh#


?:


Kbgf1 yfrf lenjhr vufnbkfke ch æukbh weræ cegewwærbh fn{erfr f „Vufnbkfke kh æukbh“ yfrf „lenjhr“# Lecu _eucbçh1 Fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcdbùrfàçh ke æukbh _eghleckfàçh kf _CY Cìten ke ruìkh1 Fgblf ke 49

H Fwwbw{ec{e ke Ghcbùrfàçh ke Æukbh kete wer ezegu{fkh fc{ew kf ghcerácgbf peo. etb{fckh yrhonelfw ke æukbh e kblbcubckh h kewtbh ke f{ecàçh gfuwfkh yhr ew{e {byh ke yrhonelf#

Lhkh ke gfcgenflec{h gfcgenflec{h ke egh1 Dunn Kuynez Kewlfrgfr1 Wecwhr fu{hlæ{bgh kh lhkh ke gfcgenflec{h ke egh Ghc{rhne fu{hlæ{bgh ke `fcjh Thnule kh lbgrhdhce1 Fgblf ke 49 Vufnbkfke ke æukbh1 Ohl

_eghleckf,we ezegu{fr _eghleckf,we ezegu{fr h Fwwbw Fwwbw{ec{e {ec{e ke Ghcdbùrfàçh ke Æukbh fc{ew ke vufnvuer ghc derácgbf peo#

Æukbh

Lhkel

KWN

NFC

66 Moyw 5 mJq

?? Moyw 66 mJq

;; Moyw ?? mJq

Gfkf {byh ke æukbh yrhyhrgbhcfræ ulf vufnbkfke kberec{e ke æukbh yfrf h yfr{bgbyfc{e. keyeckeckh kh {byh ke ghcezçh ew{foenegbkf#

Vufnbkfke kh æukbh

Lecu _eucbçh1 Wenegbhcfr gïlerf Blyhr{fc{e1 gfwh weaf cegewwærbf f lukfcàf kh kbwyhwb{bth ke tìkeh kurfc{e ulf ghcerácgbf peo. yfre ke {rfcwlb{br weu nuzh ke tìkeh e wenegbhce h chth kbwyhwb{bth f wer uwfkh#

Cew{f hyàçh yhke,we wenegbhcfr f gïlerf vue weræ u{bnbqfkf. lbgrhhce. nhgfn ke frlfqecflec{h e f yerlbwwçh Yrhae{h ghcpeoIyrhbch1 ghcpeoIyrhbch1 Ghcerácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbch Bc{e`rfkh ‗ Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl fy reckbqfèl 6

?2

Lecu _eucbçh1 Lbcjf tenhgbkfke ke ghcezçh Â yhwwìte yhwwìtenn terbdbgfr f ofckf vue vue ew{æ ew{æ weckh u{bnbqfkf *el Mo(w" Ofw{f gnbgfr cf ofrrf terke ch gfc{h wuyerbhr kbreb{h kf wfnf yfrf ter fw ew{f{ìw{bgfw ke reke# Yhke wer u{bnbqfkh. yhr ezelynh. yfrf h fyrewec{fkhr ghc{rhnfr f vufc{bkfke ke kfkhw ectbfkf# Yhke kblbcubr hu fulec{fr ke {flfcjh keyeckeckh kf vufnbkfke kf ghcezçh

Nf{ácgbf *f{rfwh ec{re ectbh e ec{re`f" Uynhfk Khpcnhfk

Lecu _eucbçh1 Lbcjf tenhgbkfke ke ghcezçh Ch lecu _eucbçh3@erecgbfr lbcjfw ghcdbùrfàõew ezbw{el vuf{rh wuo,lecuw1 Lbcjf tenhgbkfke ke ghcezçh ‗ Hcke â ghcbùrfkh h {byh ke ghcezçh ew{foenegbkf ghl h wertbkhr Fkhoe Ghcceg{# 

Fwwbw{ec{e ke ghcbùrfàçh ke æukbh### ‗ Fuzbnbf cf ghcbùrfàçh kh æukbh kh yfr{bgbyfc{e# 

Wenegbhcfr gïlerf### ‗ Fuzbnbf cf ewghnjf kf gïlerf bcw{fnfkf ch ghlyu{fkhr kh yfr{bgbyfc{e# 



[enf gjebf ‗ Ezyfcke f afcenf kf ghcerácgbf peo yfrf hw nblb{ew kh lhcb{hr#

Uwe _eucbçh3Wfbr kh Ghcceg{ Yrh yfrf we kewghceg{fr kf ghcerácgbf peo# Gfwh h ynu`bc Fkk,Bc cçh ew{eaf bcw{fnfkh. f hyàçh Wfbr kh Ghcceg{ Yrh yhke cçh fyfreger## Cew{e gfwh bcw{fne h ynu`bc# fyfreger Yhke kblbcubr hu fulec{fr ke {flfcjh keyeckeckh kf vufnbkfke kf ghcezçh

Nf{ácgbf *f{rfwh ec{re ectbh e ec{re`f" Uynhfk Khpcnhfk Kbgfw 





Lhkel ‗ Ul fyrewec{fkhr yhke èrfr gergf ke ?4 Mo(w ke kfkhw# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfl ke gergf ke ?2 Mo(w yfrf ulf ohf ghcezçh# Cçh â reghleckæten uwfr f ghcezçh yhr lhkel ghl lfbw ke ul fyrewec{fkhr. fyrewec{fkhr. cel u{bnbqfr h regurwh ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf ghl f ghcezçh yhr lhkel# KWN ‗ Ul fyrewec{fkhr yhke èrfr gergf ke 6?5 Mo(w ke kfkhw# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfl ke gergf ke 6?: Mo(w yfrf ulf ohf ghcezçh# We h regurwh ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf hr uwfkh. hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfrçh ke ?99 Mo(w# NFC ‗ Ul fyrewec{fkhr yhke èrfr gergf ke ?59 Mo(w ke kfkhw# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfl ke gergf ke ?55 Mo(w# We h regurwh ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf hr uwfkh. hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfrçh ke ;99 Mo(w#

El renfàçh fh cñlerh ke uwuærbhw yhr ghcezçh1 


Â reghleckæten vue ul nbcm FKWN gfwebrh {ecjf h lìcblh *keyeckeckh kf ofckf ghc{rf{fkf" ke ghlyu{fkhrew ghceg{fkhw é wfnf tbr{ufn#

79


El fgunkfkew hu elyrewfw vue {ecjfl ulf ghcezçh ghl f bc{erce{ ke lenjhr vufnbkfke. aæ â yhwwìten {er lfbw ghlyu{fkhrew ghceg{fkhw ch lewlh nbcm *keyeckeckh kf ofckf kbwyhcìten"# Kbgf1 fc{ew ke vufnvuer ghcerácgbf peo â yregbwh fqer hw {ew{ew yfrf vue f reucbçh fghc{eàf cfw lenjhrew ghckbàõew yhwwìtebw# Â blyhr{fc{e vue hw {ew{ew èrel ulf ghcbùrfàçh cf vufn {hkhw yhwwfl yfr{bgbyfr ghl vufnbkfke#

Ch Fkhoe Ghcceg{ 0 Kbgf1 cf yæ`bcf ke ec{rfkf kf ghcerácgbf peo jæ ul nbcm ke faukf# Ewwe nbcm fræ {ew{ew e h rewun{fkh lhw{rfræ h {byh ke ghcezçh vue thgá yhwwub#

@erecgbfr lbcjfw ghcbùrfàõew1 Lbcjf tenhgbkfke ke ghcezçh

Lecu _eucbçh1 Lbcjf tenhgbkfke ke ghcezçh Cew{f hyàçh h yfr{bgbyfc{e bcdhrlf fh wbw{elf weu {byh ke ghcezçh ghl f bc{erce{ Lhkel ‗ Ghcezçh ghl lhkel lhkel ke fgewwh kbwgfkh KWN(Gfoh ‗ Ghcezçh f{rftâw ke bc{erce{ ofckf nfr`f NFC ‗ Ghcez Ghcezçh çh kec{rh ke ulf reke nhgfn

Lhkel

KWN

NFC

66 Moyw 5 MJq

?? Moyw 66 MJq

;; Moyw ?? MJq

Wnhp Blfèw

?4 Moyw ? yw

?4 Moyw ? yw

?4 Moyw ? yw

Dfw{ Blfèw

C(F

6?5 Moyw ?59 Moyw 65 yw 65 yw

Jb`j Vufnb{ Blfèw

C(F

6?5 Moyw ?59 Moyw 6? yw 6? yw

Æukbh Tìkeh

Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ?: Moyw ke {enf 6 yw


699 Moyw ;99 Moyw ? yw ? yw

76

Tbwçh kh yerdbn ke yfr{bgbyfc{e kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Weræ fyrewe fyrewec{fkf c{fkf f tbwçh ke gfkf yerdbn ke uwuærbh kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Bcbgbfrelhw yenf tbwçh kh yfr{bgbyfc{e

Tbwçh kh yerdbn ke yfr{bgbyfc{e kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Tbwçh kh yerdbn ke yfr{bgbyfc{e H yfr{bgbyfc{e yhke ezbobr h ghc{eñkh ghlyfr{bnjfkh. hutbr e fwwbw{br éw {rfcwlbwwõew ke æukbh e tìkeh kh fyrewec{fkhr e uwfr h yhk ke of{e,yfyh#

Yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Yhkk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgb Yh yfr{bgbyfc yfc{ew {ew _enfàçh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kf ghcderácgbf peo Ìghcew khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew 6±# Ìghce ,Jh , Jhw{ w{ ?±# Ìghce ,Fyrewec{fkhr , Fyrewec{fkhr 7±# Ìghce , Yf Yfr{bgb r{bgbyfc{e yfc{eww

H yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew â u{bnbqfkh yfrf tbwufnbqfr e ghc{rhnfr vufbw e vufc{hw wçh hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ke ulf ghcerácgbf. terbbgfr w{f{uw e yrhlhter yfr{bgbyfc{ew#

W{f{uw kh yfr{bgbyfc{e 

Netfc{fr f lçh ‗ Yekbr f yfnftrf1 keyecke ke fu{hrbqfàçh kh jhw{#



Ghcghrkfr ‗ Lhw{rfr f {hkhw vue ew{æ ke fghrkh ghl fnùl vuew{bhcflec{h#





Hyàõew ke W{f{uw *{floâl yfrf jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew"


Kbwghrkfr ‗ Lhw{rfr f {hkhw vue cçh ew{æ ke fghrkh ghl fnùl vuew{bhcflec{h# Ffw{fr,we ‗ Wbcfnbqfr vue thgá cçh ew{æ lhlec{fceflec{e yfr{bgbyfckh kf reucbçh#



Dfne lfbw fn{h ‗ Yekbr yfrf h cfrrfkhr fnfr lfbw fn{h#



Dfne lfbw ofbzh ‗ Yekbr yfrf h cfrrfkhr fnfr lfbw ofbzh#



Fgenerfr ‗ Wuèrbr vue h fyrewec{fkhr fgenere wuf ezyhwbàçh#



Kewfgenerfr ‗ Wuèrbr vue h fyrewec{fkhr kewfgenere wuf ezyhwbàçh#

7?


W{f{uw kh yfr{bgbyfc{e Fh wenegbhcfr hw w{f{uw Df Dfne ne lfbw fn{h fn{ h . Dfne lfbw lfbw ofbzh o fbzh . Fgenerfr . Kewfgenerfr . _bwh _bwh hu hu Fynfuwh . h ìghce ghrrewyhckec{e â ezbobkh yhr keq weùckhw ch yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew # Hw ìghcew ke w{f{uw Netfc{fr lçh . Ghcghrkfr Ghcghrkfr e e Kbwghrkfr yerlfce Kbwghrkfr yerlfcegel gel tbwìtebw f{â vue weafl relhtbkhw lfcufnlec{e lfcufnlec{e yenh jhw{ hu yenh yfr{b gbyfc{e# H ìghce ke w{f{uw Fdfw{fr,we Fdfw{fr,we yhke yhke wer relhtbkh whlec{e yenh yenh yr÷yrb h yfr{bgbyfc{e#

Netfc{fr f lçh Vufckh h yfr{bgbyfc{e u{bn bqfr f hyàçh Netfc{fr f lçh Vufckh gnbgfckh ch oh{çh . ew{fræ yekbckh yerlbwwçh fh jhw{ yfrf dfnfr uwfckh ThBY# H jhw{ yhke fgeb{fr hu reaeb{fr h yekbkh# We f yerlbwwçh dhr ghcgekbkf. h yfr{bgbyfc{e gnbgf el Dfnfr f`hrf hu u{bnbqf hw oh{õew

H w{f{uw kh yfr{bgbyfc{e yhke wer ñ{bn yfrf we ghlucbgfr ghl h fyrewec{fkhr. jhw{ e kelfbw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ke lhkh ucbkbregbhcfn cf lfbhrbf kfw teqew# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhkel kelhcw{rfr ghcghrkïcgbf hu kbwghrkïcgbf el renfàçh f ulf fbrlfàçh hu yerùc{f kh fyrewec{fkhr# Yhkel {floâl ezyrblbr ul wec{blec{h hu f fuwácgbf kh yfr{bgbyfc{e kh ghlyu{fkhr ke hcke ew{æ fgewwfckh f ghcerácgbf peo#

Fnùcw jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhrew ew uwfl hw elh{bghcw e h æukbh *{enehcbf hu ThBY" kh Fgrhof{ Ghcceg{ Yrh yfrf fqer yerùc{fw fhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kurfc{e ulf wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h hu reucbçh# Yhr ezelynh. ul jhw{ fq ulf yerùc{f. tærbhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew netfc{fl f lçh uwfckh hw elh{bghcw. h jhw{ ghcgeke kbreb{hw ke thq fh yrblebrh cf nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew e h yfr{bgbyfc{e rewyhcke é yerùc{f uwfckh ThBY# Vufckh thgá wenegbhcf h elh{bghc Netfc{fr f lçh. weu chle â lhtbkh yfrf f yfr{e wuyerbhr kf nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew# We tærbhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew netfc{frel f lçh. fvuene vue netfc{hu f lçh yrblebrh fyfregeræ ch {hyh kf nbw{f. weùbkh kh weùckh. e fwwbl yhr kbfc{e#

Lfbw bcdhrlfàõew ThBY â h rh{eflec{h ke ghcterwfàçh julfcf uwfckh f bc{erce{ hu vufnvuer hu{rf reke ke ghlyu{fkhrew ofwefkf ch Yrh{hghnh ke Bc{erce{. {hrcfckh f {rfcwlbwwçh ke thq lfbw ul wertbàh wuyhr{fkh yenf reke ke kfkhw# Vufckh h gfkefkh cçh ew{æ f{btfkh. h oh{çh Ghcterwfr ucgbhcf ghlh pfnm,{fnm . hu weaf. w÷ {rfcwlb{e h æukbh ecvufc{h ew{bter gnbgfkh#


77

Netfc{fr f lçh

Cew{e lhlec{h fnùlfw hyàõew fyfregel cf {enf F afcenf kh gfc{h wuyerbhr kbreb{h fner{f vue h kbreb{h ke fnfr hb ghcgekbkh yenh fklbcbw{rfkhr# Ch yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew. h ìghce ke ul lbgrhhce fyfregeræ cf rec{e kh chle. bckbgfckh f {hkhw vuel ew{æ ghl yerlbwwçh yfrf fnfr# H oh{çh Ghcterwfr . ch gfc{h bcerbhr ewvuerkh. lhw{rf vue yhke wer yrewwbhcfkh yfrf fnfr f {hkhw# Netfc{fr f lçh Lfc{eckh yrewwbhcfkh h oh{çh Ghcterwfr . yhke,we dfnfr ghl {hkhw ch etec{h Yrewwbhcfckh h ìghce Gfkefkh . yhke,we dfnfr ghc{bcuflec{e. ghc{b cuflec{e. wel f cegewwbkfke cegewwbkfke ke lfc{er h o h{çh Ghcterwfr yrewwbhcfkh Cfw hyàõew ke thq yhke,we reùnfr h thn ule


Yhke wer reùnfkh h thnule kh æukbh vue h yfr{bgbyfc{e. fyrewec{fkhr hu jhw{ elb{bræ yfrf {hkhw cf wfnf#

7;


Yhk Of{ Of{e,y e,yfyh fyh Yhk u{bn Yhk u{bnbqfkh bqfkh yfrf f bc{erfàçh khw yfr{bgbyfc{e yfr{bgb yfc{ew w f{rftâw ke {ez{h

Yhk Of{e,yfyh U{bnbqfkh yfrf ew{foeneger ghlucbgfàçh tbf {ez{h ghl hu{rhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. fyrewec{fkhrew e jhw{w#

H {ez{h kb`b{fkh yhke wer kbregbhcfkh1 Yfrf {hkhw cf ghcderácgbf peo Yfrf yewwhfw ewyegìdbgfw Whlec{e yfrf hw fyrewec{fkhrew

Yhkk Ch Yh Ch{f {fww U{bnbqfkh yenh jhw{ e yenh fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr yfrf1

Yhk Ch{fw Lub{h u{bnbqfkh yfrf re`bw{rfr f{fw ke reucbõew#

Howertfàõew whore h etec{h Ch{fw el èrfn Ezelynh1

F{f kf reucbçh


75

Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h U{bnbqfkh yenh fyrewec{fkhr hu jhw{ yfrf ghlyfr{bnjfr æref ke {rfofnjh. fynbgf{bthw. khgulec{hw e vufkrh orfcgh

Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h U{bnbqfkh yfrf lhw{rfr ulf afcenf kh weu ghlyu{fkhr yfrf hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. lhw{rfr f wuf æref ke {rfofnjh. lhw{rfr ul fynbgf{bth kh weu ghlyu{fkhr. gfrre`fr khgulec{hw YY[. YY[Z. WPD. LY7. DNT. AYE@ e QBY cf {enf khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew e forbr ul vufkrh orfcgh yfrf kewecjh vue weræ lhw{rfkh yfrf hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew#

U{bnbqfkh yenh fyrewec{fkhr hu jhw{ yfrf ghlyfr{bnjfr æref ke {rfofnjh. fynbgf{bthw. khgulec{hw e vufkrh orfcgh

Faukf kh Fkho Fkhoe e Ghcceg{ Ghcceg{ Yrh Fgewwe hw wb{ew1 Yæ`bcf ke faukf kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ j{{y1((peoghcd#rcy#or(ghllhc(jeny(y{,or(ghcceg{(jeny#j{ln

Yæ`bcf ke wuyhr{e kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ j{{y1((ppp#fkhoe#ghl(or(wuyyhr{(


Faukf kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yrh



74

6 Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl 6 Bc{rhkuàçh é ghcderácgbf peo

_h{ebrh ke f{btbkfkew [÷ybghw e ghcgeb{hw 

Ghhyerfàçh _CY,Yr _CY,Yrhbch hbch



Ghcgeb{hw whore Ghcerácgbf peo



Derrflec{f u{bnbqfkf ‗ Fkhoe Ghcceg{



_evubwb{hw ke jfrkpfr jfrkpfree



Tbwçh kh yfr{bgbyfc{e

Ghlye{ácgbfw {âgcbgfw kewecthntbkfw 

Gfyfgb{fr h fnuch cf ghcbùrfàçh e hyerfàçh ke ul flobec{e ke ghcerácgbf peo ghlh yfr{bgbyfc{e#

[elyh yretbw{h yfrf fw f{btbkfkew 

29 lbcu{hw

Ghlyu{fkhr khw fnuchw 



Pbckhpw ZY1 

Bc{erce{ Ezynhrer



Dbrehz

Jefkwe{ e peogfl

7:


F{btbkfke 6 ‗ Ec{rfckh cf wfnf e ghcdbùrfckh gïlerf e æukbh H bcw{ru{hr wblunfræ ulf peo,funf hcke {hkhw hw fnuchw werçh yfr{bgbyfc{ew# Hw fnuchw ketel ec{rfr cf wfnf e ezegu{fr hw yfwwhw ke ghcdbùrfàçh1 

Dfàf h {ew{e ke ghcezçh kh lbgrh f{rftâw kh nbcm ke faukf kf yæ`bcf bcbgbfn1 j{{y1((peoghc#rcy#or(ghllhc(jeny(ec(wuyyhr{(lee{bc`X{ew{#j{l

Dbùrf 6 , Gnbvue el Faukf yfrf {ew{fr f ghcbùrfàçh kh lbgrh 

Ec{re cf wfnf ghlh ghctbkfkh. weùbckh hw yfkrõew ke chlecgnf{urf kewgrb{hw e u{bnbqfckh h yrh`rflf Bc{erce{ Ezynhrer yfrf ec{rfr cf wfnf# Gfwh weaf revuerbkf f bcw{fnfàçh kh ynu`bc Dnfwj Ynfer. bcw{fne,h1 >UD , WEUXCHLE3





Terbbvue h {byh ke ghcezçh vue ew{æ weckh u{bnbqfkf e fàf hw fauw{ew cegewwærbhw= Terbbvue we f gïlerf ew{æ ghcbùrfkf ghrre{flec{e#


72

F{btbkfke ? ‗ Kelhcw{rfàçh kfw ducgbhcfnbkfkew H bcw{ru{hr ec{rfræ ghlh jhw{ kf wfnf e kelhcw{rfræ fw ducgbhcfnbkfkew kf derrflec{f# Hw fnuchw brçh bc{erf`br e terbdbgfr hw rewun{fkhw cf {enf# Fyrhteb{e ew{f f{btbkfke yfrf netfc{fr vuew{õew whore yhwwìtebw wb{ufàõew hcke hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhkerbfl ecghc{rfr kbdbgunkfkew#

F{btbkfke 7 ‗ U{bnbqfckh ducgbhcfnbkfkew Hw fnuchw u{bnbqfrçh fw ducgbhcfnbkfkew yerlb{bkfw yfrf h yerdbn ke yfr{bgbyfc{e1 

U{bnbqe f ucàçh Netfc{fr f lçh=



U{bnbqe h yhk Of{e,yfyh=



Fn{ere weu w{f{uw=



Nblye weu w{f{uw#

F{btbkfke ; ‗ U{bnbqfckh h fwwbw{ec{e ke æukbh Hw fnuchw u{bnbqfrçh h fwwbw{ec{e ke æukbh yfrf fauw{fr wufw ghcdbùrfàõew ke æukbh#




;9

? Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl ? @erecgbfckh ulf wfnf ke reucbõew Wulærbh kf wewwçh Tbwçh kh yerbn ke Fyrewec{fkhr kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{# Ghcceg{ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #;7 #;7 Yreyfrfckh f reucbçh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #;7 #;7 Bcbgbfckh f reucbçh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #;; # ;; Yhkw # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #;5 # ;5 Yhk Gïlerf e Thq # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #;5 # ;5 Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #;: #;: Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 [enf Leu Ghlyu{fkhr # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #;2 #;2 Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 Khgulec{hw # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #59 #59 Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 Vufkrh orfcgh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #56 #56 Yhk Ch{f # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #5? # 5? Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke frvubthw # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #57 #57 Yhk Nbcmw cf Peo # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #5; # 5; Yhk Yewvubwf # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #55 #55 Æref ezgnuwbtf yfrf jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhrew ew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #54 #54 Tbwçh kh yerbn ke Jhw{ kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #50 #50 @erecgbfckh fgewwh e ec{rfkf # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #50 #50 @erecgbfckh yfr{bgbyfc{ew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #52 #52 Fu{hyrhlhàçh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #49 #49 Yrhlhteckh yfr{bgbyfc{ew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #49 #49 Kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #49 #49 Whnbgb{fckh yfr{bgbyfc{ew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #46 #46


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@erecgbfckh Yhkw# Yhkw# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #4? # 4? @erecgbfckh nfrùrf ke ofckf # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #4? #4? Lhkel # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #4; # 4; _h{ebrh ke f{btbkfkew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #45 #45 F{btbkfke 6 ‗ U{bnbqfckh hw yrbtbnâ`bhw ke fyrewec{fkhr # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #44 #44 F{btbkfke ? ‗ U{bnbqfckh hw yrbtbnâ`bhw ke jhw{# jhw{# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #40 #40

Yrhae{h ghcpeoIyrhbch1 ghcpeoIyrhbch1 Ghcerácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbch Bc{e`rfkh ‗ Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl fy reckbqfèl ?

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Tbwçh kh yerdbn ke Fyrewec{fkhr kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Weræ fyrewec{fkf f tbwçh ke gfkf yerdbn ke uwuærbh kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Fyrewec{frelhw Fyrewec{f relhw f tb wçh kh fyrewe fyrewec{fkhr c{fkhr Ghc{rhnfl h vue ew{æ kbwyhcìten cf wfnf e yhkel ectbfr æukbh e tìkeh# Cçh yhkel fkbgbhcfr yhk e chthw ghc{eñkhw. hu fn{erfr h nfhu{#

Yreyfrfckh f reucbçh H fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr kete ghc{fr gh l f faukf kh jhw { yfrf èrecgbfr f wfnf e hw yfr{b gbyfc{ew El ulf reucbçh. ofwbgflec{e ul jhw{ èrecgbf e hr`fcbqf f wfnf e ul fyrewec{fkhr dfnf fhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew H fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr c çh yhke lhter cel rekblecwbhcfr yhkw H fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr kete we ghcgec{rfr ch ghc{eñkh e cçh ch uwh kf derrflec{f

Yreyfrfckh f reucbçh We h fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr ew{bter dflbn bfrbqfkh ghl f derrflec{f e weùrh ke weu uwh. yhke fgulunfr f ducàçh ke jhw{ Wfnfw aæ grb fkfw yhkel wer u{bnb qfkf Wfnfw qfkfww yfrf hw etec{hw. hu ulf chtf wfnf yhke wer grbfkf Gfkf wegre{frbf ke ekugfàçh ekugfàçh yhkeræ ghc{fr ghl ul f wfnf yrâ,grbfkf yfrf f refnbqfàçh ke weuw etec{hw F bcw{b{ub àçh kedbce hw rewyhcwætebw yenh èrecgbflec{h kfw wfnfw e yerlbwwõew ke jhw{

@erecgbfckh ulf wfnf ke reucbõew

Tbwçh kh yerdbn ke Fyrewec{fkhr kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Yhke ghlyfr{bnjfr ghc{eñkh kf obonbh{egf e ke weu ghlyu{fkhr yewwhfn *vue aæ {ecjf wbkh gfrre`fkh cf wfnf ke reucbçh". bcgnubckh fyrewec{fàõew kh Fkhoe£ Yrewec{er *frvubthw YY[ e YY[Z". frvubthw el Dnfwj£ *frvubthw WPD". blfècw *frvubthw AYE@". frvubthw ke tìkeh *DNT". frvubthw ke æukbh *LY7" e yfgh{ew qbyfkhw Wjfrfone Ghc{ec{ Hoaeg{ _eerecge Lhken *WGH_L"# H fyrewec{fkhr yhke ghlyfr{bnjfr wuf {enf ghl {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. of{er yfyh e {rfcwlb{br æukbh e tìkeh el {elyh refn#

Yreyfrfckh f reucbçh

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Bcbgbfckh f reucbçh

Bcbgbfckh f reucbçh Ezbw{el fnùlfw lfcebrfw ke we bcbgbfr u lf reucbçh1

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H jhw{ ec{rf fu{hlf{bgflec{e fy÷w bcwerbr nh`bc e wecjf# H fgewwh é reucbçh keyecke kf hrlf ghlh hb ghcbùrfkf yenh jhw{1 

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Whlec{e uwuærbhw re`bw{rfkhw yhkel ec{rfr cf wfnf *h fgewwh ew{æ onhvuefkh f ghctbkfkhw"= Whlec{e uwuærbhw re`bw{rfkhw e ghctbkfkhw fgeb{hw yenh jhw{ yhkel ec{rfr cf wfnf= Hw ghctbkfkhw vue regeoerfl h U_N kf reucbçh yhkel ec{rfr cf wfnf#

Hw uwuærbhw re`bw{rfkhw ch Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Gec{rfn ec{rfl cf wfnf e fwwulel f ucàçh vue hb yrâ,ghcbùrfkf yenh jhw{ vue. vufckh fgjfr cegewwærbh. yhke fn{erfr f ucàçh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew vue ec{rfl cf wfnf# Vufckh f hyàçh Vufnvuer ul ghl h U_N kf reucbçh yhke ec{rfr cf wfnf ew{æ wenegbhcfkf. vufnvuer uwuærbh yhke fgewwfr kbre{flec{e f reucbçh# Hw uwuærbhw re`bw{rfkhw ch wbw{elf ec{rfl cf wfnf fy÷w bcwerbrel weuw kfkhw ke nh`hc e wecjf#

Fgewwh é reucbçh yfrf uwuærbhw re`bw{rfkhw e yfrf ghctbkfkhw

Hw uwuærbhw re`bw{rfkhw yretbflec{e ch Fkhoe Ghcceg{ yenf _CY yhkel fgewwfr ee{ufckh nh`hc e bcwerbckh wecjf# Hw ghctbkfkhw w÷ yregbwfl ghnhgfr >wb`nf kf bcw{b{ubàçh ‗ chle3 yfrf ec{rfr ghl h yerbn ke yfr{bgbyfc{e#


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Yhkw Ofrrf ke {ì{unh Gnbvue kufw teqew yfrf rechlefr h yhk Frrfw{e yfrf lhter h yhk *whlec{e jhw{ yfrf hw khbw gfwhw"

Hgun{fr [enf gjebf gjeb f

Lecu *hyàõew"

Yfrf kblecwbhcfr h yhk ofw{f frrfw{fr fw ohrkfw hu hw gfc{hw *whlec{e yfrf jhw{"

F ofrrf ke {ì{unh e h gfc{h bcerbhr kbreb{h yhkel wer u{bnbqfkhw yfrf ezbobr yhkw whoreyhw{hw# whoreyhw {hw# Yhr ezelynh. we h yhk Of{e,yfyh ew{æ who h yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew. â yhwwìten ezbobr h yhk Of{e,yfyh gnbgfckh cf ofrrf ke {ì{unh hu ch gfc{h bcerbhr kbreb{h *keyecke kh yhc{h vue ew{bter tbwìten". wel cegewwbkfke ke lhter h Yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew# Yhk Gïlerf e Thq Ghl h yhk ke gïlerf e thq. jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew yhkel {rfcwlb{br e ezbobr ghc {eñkhw ke æukbh e(hu tìkeh el {elyh refn#

Yfrf {rfcwlb{b {rfcwlb{brr æukbh. h ghlyu{fkhr ghlyu{fkhr kh {rfcwl {rfcwlbwwhr yregbwf {er ul lbgrhdhce ghceg{fkh f ene#

Yhk Gïlerf e Thq 

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Yfrf {rfcwlb{b {rfcwlb{brr tìkehw. tìkehw. h ghlyu{fkhr ghlyu{fkhr kh {rfcwl {rfcwlbwwhr yregbwf {er ulf gïlerf ke tìkeh hu ulf peogfl ghceg{fkf f ene# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfl regeoer kh jhw{ kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw yfrf h yhk ke gïlerf e thq hu werel yrhlhtbkhw#

Yhk Gïlerf e Thq

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H yhk yerlb{e fnùlfw hy àõew yfrf tìkeh1 Gïlerf kewnb`fkf Blfècw lfbw nec{fw Blfècw ræybkfw r æybkfw Blfècw ke fn{f vufnbkfke _e{rf{h *vufkrfkh" Yfkrçh *;z7" ‗[T ‗ [T ghlul Yfbwfèl*2z5" ‗ pbkewgreec


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Gïlerf kewnb`fkf ‗ Hyàçh vue kewf{btf h regurwh ke {rfcwlbwwçh ke tìkeh# Blfècw lfbw nec{fw ‗ Hyàçh vue {ew{f e {rfcwlb{e fw blfècw kf gïlerf ghl lechw revuácgbf vue fw hu{rfw ghcbùrfàõew ke blfèl# Fw blfècw ghw{ulfl wer ke vufnbkfke bcerbhr e yhkel whrer kewnhgflec{hw bcewyerfkhw# Uwe ew{f ghcbùrfàçh we f lfbhrbf khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew {bter ghcezõew ke ofbzf tenhgbkfke hu we f vufnbkfke kfw blfècw cçh hr ul fwyeg{h lub{h blyhr{fc{e cf {rfcwlbwwçh# Blfècw ræybkfw *ghcbùrfàçh yfkrçh" ‗ Hyàçh vue herege blfècw gnfrfw. lfw ke vufnbkfke bcerbhr## Uwe ew{f ghcbùrfàçh we hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew bcerbhr {bterel ghcezõew ghl tenhgbkfkew tfrbfkfw# Blfècw ke fn{f vufnbkfke ‗ Hyàçh vue herege blfècw ke fn{f vufnbkfke# Uwe ew{f ghcbùrfàçh we {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew {bterel ghcezõew ke fn{f tenhgbkfke#


Yhk Gïlerf e Thq Yfrf {rfcwlb{br tìkeh. wenegbhce yrblebrh f gïlerf cf hyàçh _eucbçh  @ @erecgbfr erecgbfr lbcjfw ghcd bùrfàõew   Wenegbhcfr gïlerf e f afcenf ke ghcdb` urfàçh kh dn fwj fyfrege# fyfrege# Gnbvue ch oh{çh # H Dnfwj yhke yekbr fu{hrbqfàçh yfrf u{bnbqfr f gïlerf1 gnbv ue el Fnnhp # F {rfcwlbwwçh ke æukbh bcb gbfræ fu{hlf{bgflec{e# Yfrf yfuwfr f gïlerf e uwfr ulf blfèl ew{æ{bgf gnbvue el Yfrf bc{errhlyer f {rfcwlbwwçh ke tìkeh gnbvue ch oh{çh

Yhk Gïlerf e Thq Kedbcbckh hw dn uzhw ke æukbh e tìkeh vue keweaf regeoer

Yhwbgbhce h gurwhr kh lhuwe whore h tìkeh kh uwuærbh e ewghnjf we vuer yfrfr ke regeoer æukbh hu tìkeh Lekbkf vue w÷ fde{f h yr÷yrbh uwu ærbh

F hyàçh ke ezgnubr ul tìkeh *z" fyfrege whlec{e yfrf vuel yhke {rfcwlb{br ch yhk F ezgnuwçh ke ul tìkeh fde{f {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Yhk Gïlerf e Thq Kedbcbckh hw dn uzhw ke æukbh e tìkeh vue keweaf regeoer Gnbvue ch wìlohnh kf gïlerf yfrf yfuwfr *bc{errhlyer" h dnuzh ke tìkeh kfvuene uwuærbh Gnbvue ch wìlohnh kf gfbzf ke whl yfrf bc{errhlyer h æukbh kh uwuærbh Ewwf lukfcàf cçh fde{fræ hu{rhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew


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Jhw{

Fyrewec{fkhr Fyrewec{fk hr Yfr{bgbyfc{e

Kebcbr ghcbùrfàõew kf {rfcwlbwwçh ke æukbh e tìkeh

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[rfcwlb{br æukbh e tìkeh

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Wenegbhcfr fw {rfcwlbwwõew vue keweafl regeoer

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Ghc{rhnfr h fgewwh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew fhw regurwhw ke {rfcwlbwwçh

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Bc{errhlyer f {rfcwlbwwçh ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew

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[rfcwlb{br æukbh e tìkeh. we regeoerel regeoer el kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw kh jhw{ yfrf h yhk ke gïlerf e thq

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Hw jhw{w yhkel1 

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[rfcwlb{br æukbh e tìkeh=

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Wenegbhcfr fw {rfcwlbwwõew vue keweafl regeoer=

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Ghc{rhnfr h fgewwh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew fhw regurwhw ke {rfcwlbwwçh=

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Bc{errhlyer f {rfcwlbwwçh ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew#

Hw fyrewec{fkhrew yhkel1 

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[rfcwlb{br æukbh e tìkeh=

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Wenegbhcfr fw {rfcwlbwwõew vue keweafl regeoer# regeoer#

Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhkel1 

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[rfcwlb{br æukbh e tìkeh. we regeoerel kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw kh jhw{ yfrf h yhk ke gïlerf e thq= Wenegbhcfr fw {rfcwlbwwõew vue keweafl regeoer# regeoer#

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Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h

Yhk Ghlyfr{b yfr{bnjflec{h njflec{h Derrflec{f lub{h ñ{bn cfw reucbõew. u{bnbqfkf yfrf Derrflec{f ghlyfr{bnjfr1

Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enfw ke ghlyu{fkhr. khgulec{hw hu vufkrhw orfcghw

[enf kh ghlyu{fkhr _ewhnuàçh wuèrbkf1 69?; z 04:

Khgulec{hw Vufkrh orfcgh H fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr e h jhw{ ghc{r hnfl h yhk Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew w÷ yhkel u{b nbqæ,nh vufckh regeoel regeoel kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw hu wçh yrhlhtbkhw

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Hw jhw{w. fyrewec{fkhrew e yfr{bgbyfc{ew *fhw vufbw ewwe kbreb{h {ecjf wbkh ghcgekbkh" uwfl h yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h yfrf ezbobr ghc{eñkh yfrf hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. ghlh1 B{ecw wenegbhcfkhw cf {enf ke weuw ghlyu{fkhrew. bcgnubckh ulf hu lfbw afcenfw foer{fw. ul hu lfbw fynbgf{bthw foer{hw hu {hkf f æref ke {rfofnjh# 

Khgulec{hw ghlh fyrewec{fàõew. frvubthw DNT. AYE@ hu el hu{rh hrlf{h# Vufkrhw orfcghw ghl tærbfw errflec{fw ke {ez{h e kewecjh# Â yhwwìten ghlyfr{bnjfr vufkrhw orfcghw bckeyeckec{ew hu whoreyhw{hw. ezbobkhw whore hu{rh ghc{eñkh ghlyfr{bnjfkh#

Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhkel ezbobr hw khgulec{hw ghlyfr{bnjfkhw ch yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h. lfw cçh yhkel ofbzæ,nhw el weuw ghlyu{fkhrew# Yfrf vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhwwfl ofbzfr khgulec{hw. ul jhw{ hu fyrewec{fkhr yregbwf gfrre`æ,nhw ch yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke frvubthw# Vufckh ul ghc{eñkh â kbwyhcbobnbqfkh ch yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h. hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew teel h yhc{ebrh kh jhw{ hu h fyrewec{fkhr we lhteckh cf afcenf kh yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h# Ew{f hyàçh â jfobnb{fkf f{rftâw kh lecu Fyrewec{frGurwhrew kh Jhw{ # [hkfw fw f{btbkfkew refnbqfkfw cf afcenf. ch fynbgf{bth hu ch khgulec{h ghlyfr{bnjfkh yhkel wer tbw{fw yenhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew# Hw fyrewec{fkhrew e jhw{w ketel bcw{fnfr h Fkk,Bc cf yrblebrf teq vue {ec{frel gfrre`fr fnùl ghc{eñkh hu ghlyfr{bnjfr ulf {enf# H Fkk,Bc â ulf terwçh ewyegbfn kh Dnfwj Ynfer. ghl regurwhw regurwhw fkbgbhcfbw yfrf jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew# H Fkk,Bc herege wuyhr{e yfrf h gfrre`flec{h ke frvubthw ch wertbkhr e h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enfw kurfc{e fw reucbõew# Ene {floâl herege wuyhr{e fkbgbhcfn yfrf æukbh# Ch{f1 We h weu cfte`fkhr {bter ul onhvuefkhr ke yhy,uyw f{btfkh. f gfbzf ke kbænh`h yfrf ofbzfr h Fkk,Bc cçh weræ ezbobkf# Yfrf ghrrb`br ewwe yrhonelf. kewf{bte {elyhrfrbflec{e h onhvuefkhr ke yhy,uyw#


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Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 [enf Leu Ghlyu{fkhr Yfrf ghlyfr{bnjfr f {enf kh ghlyu {fkhr kurfc{e f Yfrf reucbçh. forf forf ul yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h el orfcgh e ezegu{e ul khw yrhgekblec{hw f weùbr1

Gnbvue ch oh{çh [enf Leu ghlyu{fkhr . ch lebh kh yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h el orfcgh#

Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 [enf Leu Ghlyu{fkhr Yfrf h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf kh ghlyu{fkhr1 

Gnbvue ch oh{çh Ghlyfr{bnjfr . cf dfbzf ke ghc{rhne kh yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h# Wenegbhce [enf Leu ghlyu{fkhr ch lecu yhy,uy# Cf afcenf Bcbgbfr ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf . ewghnjf ec{re Æref ke {rfofnjh . Afcenfw hu Fynbgf{bthw 



Wenegbhce f hyàçh Æref ke [rfofnjh. yfrf ghlyfr{bnjfr {hkf f wuf æref ke {rfofnjh# We jhuter lfbw ke ul lhcb{hr ghceg{fkh fh weu ghlyu{fkhr. â ezbobkf ulf æref ke {rfofnjh yfrf gfkf lhcb{hr# lhcb{hr# Ewghnjf f æref ke {rfofnjh vue keweaf ghlyfr{bnjfr ghlyfr{bnjfr## Wenegbhce f hyàçh Afcenfw. yfrf ghlyfr{bnjfr ulf hu lfbw afcenfw foer{fw ch weu ghlyu{fkhr# Ewghnjf f*w" afcenf*w" vue keweaf ghlyfr{bnjfr# Wenegbhce f hyàçh Fynbgf{bthw. yfrf ghlyfr{bnjfr ul fynbgf{bth e {hkfw fw afcenfw renfgbhcfkfw f ene vue ew{bterel foer{fw ch weu ghlyu{fkhr ghlyu{fkhr## Ewghnjf h*w" fynbgf{bthw*w" vue keweaf ghlyfr{bnjfr#

Yfrf bc{errhlyer h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h gnbvue el Yfrfr ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ch yhk. cf afcenf ghlyfr{bnjfkf hu f{rftâw kh ìghce vue fyfrege cf æref ke ch{bbgfàçh kh Pbckhpw Wuère,we f h{blbqfàçh kf nfrùrf ke ofckf f{rftâw kh lecu _eucbçh ‱ H{blbqfr ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf# Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 [enf Leu Ghlyu{fkhr Gnbgfckh ch oh{çh .f {enf ghlyfr{bnjfkf â lhw{rfkf ch yhk yfrf h fyrewec{fkhr Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhkel hy{fr yhr fauw{fr h ghc{eñkh ezbobkh ch yhk hu uwfr ofrrfw ke r hnfèl Hu{rh fyrewec{fkhr hu jhw{ {floâl yhke whnbgb{fr h ghc{rhne kf {enf


Vufckh hu{rh fyrewec{fkhr whnbgb{f h ghc{rhne kf wuf {enf *gnbgfckh ch oh{çh Whnbgb{fr ghc{rhne cf dfbzf ke ghc{rhne kh yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h". thgá tá ulf lecwfèl ke whnbgb{fàçh ch gfc{h wuyerbhr kbreb{h kf afcenf kf wfnf ke reucbõew# Ezegu{e ul khw yrhgekblec{hw fofbzh1 



Gnbvue el Fgeb{fr . yfrf ghcgeker h ghc{rhne kf wuf {enf fh whnbgb{fc{e= Gnbvue el _eaeb{fr . yfrf reguwfr h ghc{rhne kf wuf {enf fh whnbgb{fc{e#

59


Yhk Ghlyfr{b Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 njflec{h1 Khgulec{hw F hyàçh Wenegb negbhcfr hcfr kf obonbh{egf ke ghc{eñkh lhw{rf

ulf afcenf vue rederecgbf h ghc{eñkh kbwyhcìten ch Fkhoe Ghcceg{ H ghc{eñkh â èrecgbfkh f{rftâw kf Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Gec{rfn

Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 Khgulec{hw Yhke,we ghlyfr{bnjfr frvubthw YY[. YY[Z. WPD. AYE@. LY7 e DNT# Hw frvubthw wçh gfrre`fkhw ch wertbkhr yfrf werel ghlyfr{bnjfkhw# Yfrf ghlyfr{bnjfr ofw{f gnbgfr ch oh{çh Khgulec{hw hu gnbgfr el Ghlyfr{bnjfrKhgulec{hw cf fbzf ke ghc{rhne kh yhk# Hw frvubthw ghlyfr{bnjfkhw yhkel {er fw weùbc{ew hrbècw1

Yhk Ghlyfr{b Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 njflec{h1 Khgulec{hw



Khgulec{hw yrâ,gfrre`f yrâ,gfrre`fkhw= khw=



Khgulec{hw wenegbhcfkhw kh weu ghlyu{fkhr=



Khgulec{hw wenegbhcfkhw kh reyhwb{÷rbh gec{rfn kh wertbàh#

Fnùlfw hyàõew ew{çh kbwyhcìtebw yfrf fuzbnbfr h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h Yhc{ebrh Gjflfr f f{ecàçh yfrf yhc{hw ewyegìdbghw cf fyrewec{fàçh ghlyfr{bnjfkf#

Ofrrf nf{erfn Uwfkf yfrf cfte`fr ec{re hw wnbkew. lhw{rfr ch{fw e dfqer ouwgfw# El fyrewec{fàõew deb{fw ghl h Fkhoe Yrewec{er â yhwwìten ghc{rhnfr f fyrewec{fàçh fu{hlæ{bgf# F ofrrf nf{erfn fyfrege whlec{e vufckh f afcenf kf reucbçh ew{æ lfzblbqfkf#


56

Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 Vufkrh orfcgh H vufkrh orfcgh yerlb{e grbfr {ez{hw. nbc jfw. gìrgunhw. vufkrfkhw e hu{rfw dhrlfw é lçh nbtr e kurfc{e fw reucbõew# Yfrf grbfr grbfr ul v ufkrh orfcgh. ofw{f gnbgfr ch oh{çh Vufkrh Vuf krh Orfcgh O rfcgh hu gnbgfr el Ghlyfr{bnjfr  V Vufkrh ufkrh Orfcgh cf dfbzf ke ghc{rhne kh yhk#

Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 Vufkrh orfcgh H ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke vufkrh orfcgh yhk e we fyrewec{fr fyrewe c{fr ke khbw lh khw1 Bckeyeckec{e1 Yerlb{bckh vue hw fyrewec{fkhrew grbel ghc{eñkhw el ul duckh orfcgh#

Whoreyhw{h1 Yerlb{bckh vue hw fyrewec{fkhrew grbel ghc{eñkhw whore ul khgulec{h ezbobkh ch yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h#

Vufkrh orfcgh1 Bckeyeckec{e e whoreyhw{h


Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h1 Vufkrh orfcgh We thgá bc{errhlyer h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h. fn{erfr h ghc{eñkh ke ul yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h hu egjfr h yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h. h vufkrh orfcgh ghc{bcufræ fqeckh yfr{e kf wfnf ke reucbõew e yhkeræ wer ezbobkh chtflec{e# We thgá ezgnubr ul yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h. h vufkrh orfcgh weræ ezgnuìkh kf wfnf ke reucbõew#

Hw vufkrhw orfcghw yhkel wer whoreyhw{hw f fyrewec{fàõew e khgulec{hw chw hrlf{hw YY[. YY[Z. AY@. WPD. DNT e DnfwjYfyer#

5?


Yhk Ch{f

Yhk Ch{f

U{bnbqfkh yfrf dfqer fch{fàõew fch{fàõew kur fc{e fw reucbõew

Fw ch{fw yerlfcegel tbwìtebw f{â werel ekb{fkfw. hgun{fkfw hu wuow{b{uìkfw Hw yhkw ke ch{fw wçh lfc{bkhw lewlh vufckh we fn{erf h nfhu{. lfw {floâl â yhwwìten grbfr ulf chtf ch{f e uwæ,nf whlec{e el ul nfhu{ Â yhwwìten fkbgbhcfr chtfw ch{fw ch lewlh yhk f{rftâw kf hyàçh Chtf ch{f ch lecu kh yhk Yfrf fn{ercfr ec{re fw ch{fw kf reucbçh u{bnbqf,we f hyàçh Wenegbhcfr ch{f

Yhk Ch{f Â yhwwìten ewghnjer h fnbcjflec{h kh {ez{h kfw ch{ fw e h {flfcjh kf dhc{ e uwfkf F hyàçh Ch{f yhr e,lfbn fyfrege whlec{e yfrf h jhw{ e ectbf h ghc{eñkh k h yhk yfrf h e,lfbn gfkfw{rfkh ch peoghcd#rcy#or Dhrlfw ke u{bnbqfàçh kfw ch{fw1 Grbfr ulf fch{fàçh ñcbgf e yerlfcec{e. vue yhke wer tbw{f yenhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kurfc{e {hkf f reucbçh Grbfr tærbfw ch{fw el ul ñcbgh yhk Grbfr tærbhw yhkw ke ch{f yfrf ezbobr kbderec{ew ch{fw


57

Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke frvubthw Ch lecu Yhkw  G Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h hlyfr{bnjflec{h ke frvubthw hw jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew yhkel gfrre`fr frvubthw yfrf werel ghlyfr{bnjfkhw ec{re hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew Ul yfr{bgbyfc{e {floâl yhke gfrre`fr frvubthw kewke vue h jhw{ nje ghcgekf h kbreb{h Hw frvubthw yhkel wer gfrre`fkhw kf lævubcf kh uwuærbh hu kf obo nbh{egf kf wfnf ke reucbõew Fwwbl vue wçh gfrre`fkhw. hw yfr{bgb yfc{ew yhkel dfqerr h khp cnhfk kewwew frvubthw yfrf fw yr÷yrbfw dfqe lævubcfw

Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke frvubthw Gfrre`fr rre`fr frvubthw frvubt hw Yfrf gfrre`fr gfrre`fr ul frvubth gnbvue el Gf Wfntfr Wf ntfr ch leu Yfrf wfntfr wfntfr ul frvub th. gnbvue el ghlyu{fkhr

Â yhwwìten {floâl rechlefr e relhter hw frvubthw gfrre`fkhw ch yhk


Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke frvubthw

5;


Yhk Nbcmw cf Peo

Yhk Nbcmw cf Peo

H yhk Nbcmw cf Peo â u{bnbqfkh vufckh h fyrewec{fkhr fyrewe c{fkhr hu jhw{ keweaf vue hw yfr{bg byfc{ew teafl ul wb{e ewyegìdbgh Fh gnbgfr el Cfte`fr f{â . h Fkhoe Ghcceg{ dfq ghl vue h cfte`fkhr khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew forf h Ucbdhrl _ewhurge Nhgf{hr *U_N" ewyegbdbgfkh Chrlfnlec{e â u{bnbqfkh cf æref ezgnuwbtf kh fyrewec{fkhr

Yhk Nbcmw cf Peo

Yfrf u{bnbqfr h yhk. fkbgbhce h nbcm fh yhk Vufckh vubwer vue ul nbcm weaf foer{h foer{h fu{hlf{bgflec{e ch cfte`fkhr cfte`fkhr khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. ofw{f gnbgfr ch nbcm e keyhbw ch oh{çh Cfte`fr f{â


55

Yhk Yewvubwf Hw jhw{w yhkel uwfr h yhk ke yewvubwf yfrf grbfr yerùc{fw hu refnbqfr yewvubwfw ghl hw yfr{bgb yfc{ew e {floâl yfrf ter hw rewun{fkhw Uwe h yhk ke yewvubwf yfrf1

Dfqer ulf ecvue{e _egeoer deekofgm bcw{fc{ïceh whore f fyrewec{fàçh Bckf`fr fhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew whore f vufnbkfke kh ghc{eñkh. kf fyrewec{fàçh. khw fyrewec{fkhrew e{g Ghnjer rewun{fkhw ke f{btbkfkew

Yhk Yewvubwf Yfrf grbfr ulf yewvubwf fgewwe h lecu Yhkw  Yewvubwf ewvubwf   Chtf Y yewvubwf Ewghnjf ch yhk we â ulf yewvubwf ke lñn{bynf ewghnjf *rewyhw{f ñcbgf" hu lñn{bynfw rewyhw{fw Ch gflyh Yerùc{f kb`b{e f yerùc{f kf yewvubwf Ch gflyh _ewyhw{f kb`b{e fw hyàõew ke rewyhw{f. ulf yhr nbcjf

Yhk Yewvubwf Yfrf bcbgbfr f yewvubwf gnbvue el Forbr Yewvubwf Whlec{e hw jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew yhkel ekb{fr f yewvubwf Yfrf lhw{rfr hw rewun{fkhw yfrf {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. gnbvue el [rfcwlb{br rewun{fkhw H oh{çh Degjfr Yewvubwf blyeke h yreecgjblec{h kf yewvubwf


Yhk Yewvubwf

54


Æref ezgnuwbtf yfrf jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew H fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr e h jhw{ ghc{fl ghl u lf æref ezgnuwbtf yfrf lfcbyunfr hw yhkw el ulf reucbçh

F æref ezgnuwbtf kh fyrewec{fkhr â fgbhcfkf yenh jhw{ ch oh{çh ch gfc{h bcderb bcderbhr hr kbreb{ kbreb{h h

Æref ezgnuwbtf yfrf jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew Lfcbyunfàçh khw yhkw1 

Hgun{fr e ezbobr=



Grbfr e relhter=



Lhter e kblecwbhcfr=



Lecu kh yhk#

Æref ezgnuwbtf yfrf jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew Ew{f æref w÷ yhke wer f{btfkf yenh fklbcbw{rfkhr. elohrf h fyrewec{fkhr {ecjf fgewwh vufckh f{btf# H fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr cçh ghcweùbræ lhter hw yhkw cew{f æref.. weckh cegewwærbh h fuzìnbh ke ul jhw{# æref


50

Tbwçh kh yerdbn ke Jhw{ kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{


Weræ fyrewec{fkf fyrewec{fkf f tbwçh ke gfkf yerdbn k e uwuærbh kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Fyrewec{frelhw Fyrewec{fre lhw f tbwçh kh jhw{ *fklbcbw{rfkhr"

@erecgbfckh fgewwh e ec{rfkf Ghctbkfr yfr{bgbyfc{ew H jhw{ yhke u{bnbqfr h gnbec{e ke e,lfbn yfkrçh kh weu ghlyu{fkhr yfrf ghctbkfr fnùl yfr{bgbyfc{e

@erecgbfckh fgewwh e ec{rfkf Whlec{e h jhw{ â rewyhcwæten yhr fgeb{fr hu reaeb{fr f ec{rfkf ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew cf reucbçh# H fyrewec{fkhr cçh regeoe ew{e kbreb{h# F{rftâw kh lecu _eucbçh ‱ @erecgbfr fgewwh e ec{rfkf h jhw{ {el fgewwh f fnùcw ghc{rhnew1




Ghctbkfr yfr{bgbyfc{ew=



Onhvuefr chthw yfr{bgbyfc{ew=



Onhvuefr fgewwh ke ghctbkfkhw=



Wuwyecker yfr{bgbyfc{ew#

5:


@erecgbfckh fgewwh e ec{rfkf Onhvuefr chthw yfr{bgbyfc{ew Ulf lecwfèl â ghcdbùrfkf yfrf fyfreger cf {enf ke ec{rfkf kf reucbçh# H yfr{bgbyfc{e yhke yerlb{br f whnbgb{fàçh ke ec{rfkf hu cçh# Uwuærbhw re`bw{rfkhw yhkel fgewwfr# H jhw{ yhke re{brfr h oh{çh „Whnbgb{fr ec{rfkf“ gnbgfckh fofbzh

@erecgbfckh fgewwh e ec{rfkf

Ofw{fc{e u{bnbqfkf yfrf fqer bc{ertfnhw#

Onhvuefr fgewwh ke ghctbkfkhw

Blyeke vufnvuer whnbgb{fàçh ke ec{rfkf cf wfnf# Whlec{e uwuærbhw ghl nh`bc e wecjf yhkel fgewwfr f wfnf# Wuwyecker yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Vufckh ew{f hyàçh â wenegbhcfkf. hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew wçh wuwyecwhw kf wfnf ghl ulf lecwfèl ghcdbùrfkf e w÷ dbgfl fklbcbw{rfkhrew e fyrewec{fkhrew# H ìghce yerlb{e ter vufc{hw yfr{bgb yfr{bgbyfc{ew yfc{ew ew{çh fùfrkfckh kh nfkh ke dhrf#

@erecgbfckh fgewwh e ec{rfkf Yrhlhter fu{hlf{bgflec{e yfr{bgbyfc{ew f fyrewec{fkhrew

Ew{f hyàçh fq ghl vue {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yrewec{ew cf wfnf weafl fu{hlf{bgflec{e yrhlhtbkhw f fyrewec{fkhrew#

Vufckh ew{f hyàçh ew{æ wenegbhcfkf. {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ec{rfl ghlh fyrewec{fkhrew# Yhke wer ñ{bn el reucbõew welfcfbw. hcke {hkhw aæ ew{çh dflbnbfrbqfkhw ghl f derrflec{f#


52

@erecgbfckh @e recgbfckhyfr{bgbyfc{ew yfr{b gbyfc{ew Hw yerdbw yerdbw ke uwuærbhw uwuærbhw kedbcel fw yerlbwwõew khw uwuærbhw el ulf reucbçh Jhw{w1 [ál ghc{rhne {h{fn kf wfnf tbr{ufn#

@erecgbfckh yfr{bgbyfc{ew 



Fyrewec{fkhrew1 Ghc{rhnfl h vue ew{æ kbwyhcìten cf wfnf e yhkel ectbfr æukbh e tìkeh# Cçh yhkel fkbgbhcfr yhkw e chthw ghc{eñkhw hu fn{erfr h nfhu{#



Yfr{bgbyfc{ew1 Whlec{e fwwbw{el f reucbçh. yhkeckh fn{erfr weu w{f{uw hu u{bnbqfr fw ducàõew ghcgekbkfw yenh jhw{#



H jhw{ yhke fn{erfr h cìten khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew vufckh fgjfr fkevufkh= Ghlh hw ghctbkfkhw ec{rfl cf wfnf ghlh yfr{bgbyfc{ew chrlfbw. hw fyrewec{fkhrew yregbwfl wer yrhlhtbkhw éw wufw ucàõew= Ul yfr{bgbyfc{e yhke wer yrhlhtbkh vufckh keweafr ghnfohrfr ghl fnùl ghc{eñkh= Nelorflhw vue w÷ h jhw{ yhke yrhlhter ul yfr{bgbyfc{e#

@erecgbfckh @e recgbfckhyfr{bgbyfc{ew yfr{b gbyfc{ew F yrhlhàçh ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew â deb{f f{rftâw kh yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Wenegbhce h chle kh yfr{bgbyfc{e guaf ducàçh thgá keweaf fn{erfr# Gnbvue ch oh{çh Kedbcbr ducàçh kh uwuærbh ch gfc{h bcderbhr ewvuerkh kh yhk e wenegbhce f ducàçh#

@erecgbfckh @e recgbfckhyfr{bgbyfc{ew yfr{b gbyfc{ew yfr{bgb yfc{ew w h jhw{ F{rftâw kfw hyàõew kh yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{e yhke fbckf1 Ekb{fr hw chlew vue fyfregel cf nbw{f _elhter ul uwuærbh kf reucbçh. weckh ew{e ke vufnvuer cìten Nblyfr h w{f{uw ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew wenegbhcfkhw hu ke {hkhw wblun{fceflec{e Ghcgeker fhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kbreb{h ke uwh kh lbgrhdhce Ghctbkfr yfr{bgbyfc{ew yfr{b gbyfc{ew Whnbgb{fr vue ul yfr{bgbyfc{e ghlyfr{bnje wuf {enf


H ìghce Hyàõew kh yhk we nhgfnbqf ch gfc{h bcerbhr kbreb{h ke gfkf yhk#

49


Fu{hyrhlhàçh

Lecu Fyrewec{fr H jhw{ yhke fn{erfr f wuf yr÷yrbf ucàçh f{rftâw kh lecu Fyrewec{fr 1 

Ewwf â ulf ucàçh bc{erewwfc{e. yhbw yerlb{e vue h jhw{ teaf h vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ghl ucàõew kberec{ew ew{çh teckh cf wfnf ke reucbõew=



F{rftâw kh yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew w÷ â yhwwìten reofbzfr f yr÷yrbf ucàçh=



Yfrf yrhlhter kete,we u{bnbqfr h lecu Fyrewec{fr #

Yrhlhteckh yfr{bgbyfc{ew Â yhwwìten f{rboub f{rboub r kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw yfrf yfr{bgbyfc{ew yfrf vue yhwwfl fgewwfr regurwhw ewyegìdbghw Ewwe yrhgekblec{h fulec{f hw kbreb{hw ke ul yfr{bgbyfc{e. wel yrhlhtá,nh é ducàçh ke fyrewec{fkhr hu jhw{# Ñ{bn vufckh ul yfr{bgbyfc{e vuer dfqer fnùlf yerùc{f hu keweaf yfr{bgbyfr kf reucbçh# Yhke,we yerlb{br vue h yfr{bgbyfc{e ghlyfr{bnje weu æukbh e tìkeh hu ghnfohre ghl h vufkrh orfcgh#

Kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw

Yrhlhteckh yfr{bgbyfc{ew 







El ulf wb{ufàçh jbyh{â{bgf. wuyhcjf vue h jhw{ {ecjf yrhlhtbkh h yfr{bgbyfc{e Dunfch f jhw{= We Dunfch we reofbzfr f yfr{bgbyfc{e. ene fbckf yhke we fu{h,yrhlhter f jhw{= Nh`h. yfrf re{brfr h yrbtbnâ`bh ke Dunfch. h jhw{ kete reofbzæ,nh= Yhr ezelynh. we Dunfch we fu{h,reofbzfr f yfr{bgbyfc{e. kete wer yrhlhtbkh e keyhbw reofbzfkh yfrf vue yergf h yrbtbnâ`bh#

Kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw

Yfrf f{rboub f{rboub r kbr eb{hw ftfcàfkhw u{bnb qf, qf,we we fw hyàõew kh yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Wenegbhce hw uwuærbhw e f hyàçh keweafkf


46

Whnbgb{fckh yfr{bgbyfc{ew Ghcgeke kbreb{h fh lbgrhdhce Whnbgb{f ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf

H jhw{ yhke ghcgeker kbreb{h ke lbgrhhce hu whnbgb{fr h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h kf {enf ke ul yfr{bgbyfc{e. kebzfckh h gurwhr kh lhuwe whore h chle kh yfr{bgbyfc{e e ewghnjeckh ulf kfw hyàõew1 




Vufckh h lbgrhhce â nboerfkh. h oh{çh Ghcterwfr fyfrege yfrf h yfr{bgbyfc{e= Vufckh â whnbgb{fkh h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf yfrf h yfr{bgbyfc{e. ew{e `fcjf h kbreb{h ke u{bnbqfr h yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h# Gfwh cçh ew{eaf foer{h. ul chth yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h wurè#

4?


@erecgbfckh Yhkw

@erecgbfckh @erecgb fckh Yhkw Yhke,we ezbobr hu hgu n{fr Yhke,we ul yhk gnbgfckh ch weu chle ch lecu Yhkw # Yfrf grbfr ul yhk cht h ofw{f ewghnjer Chth Yhk ch wuo,lecu kh yhk ghrrewyhckec{e# F hyàçh Hr`fcbqfr Yhkw yerlb{e ezgnubr e rechlefr hw yhkw#

@erecgbfckh nfrùrf ke ofckf

@erecgbfckh nfrùrf ke ofckf H jhw{ ghcdb ùrf f nfrùrf ke ofckf kf wfnf wfnf ke reucbõew yfrf kedbcbr f tenhgbkfke ghl vue hw kfkhw kf reucbçh wçh ectbfkhw fhw yfr{bgby fc{ew

Ghcdbùrfàçh kf nfrùrf ke ofckf kf wfnf ke reucbõew

H jhw{ ghcbùrf f nfrùrf ke ofckf kf wfnf ke reucbõew yfrf kebcbr f tenhgbkfke *Mo(w" ghl vue hw kfkhw kf reucbçh werçh ectbfkhw fhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew bckbgfl {floâl f nfrùrf ke ofckf H jhw{ kete ewghnjer ulf nfrùrf ke ofckf ghl vue yhkel regeoer hw kfkhw kf reucbçh ghlyf{ìten ghl f tenhgbkfke ke ghcezçh khw Fwwbl. h jhw{ yhke ezbobr h w{f{uw kf ghcezçh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew# We ezbw{brel tfrbfàõew cf tenhgbkfke yfr{bgbyfc{ew ke ghcezçh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew. f lenjhr hyàçh â fkh{fr f lechr tenhgbkfke vue ew{bter weckh uwfkf# Yhr ezelynh. we fnùcw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ew{bterel uwfckh lhkel. ewghnjf f hyàçh ke lhkel yfrf f nfrùrf ke ofckf kf wfnf. `frfc{bckh vue {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew {ecjfl ulf ohf ghcezçh e vue hw ghlyu{fkhrew gnbec{ew cçh bvuel whoregfrre`fkhw#

Kete wer wer ewghnjbkf ul f tenhgbkfke ghlyf{ìten ghl f khw yfr{bgb yfc{ew# Yfrf Yfrf `frfc{br `frfc{br v ue {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew {ecjfl ulf ohf ghcezçh. ewghnjf f lechr tenhgbkfke ec{re hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Teaf fofbzh fw reghleckfàõew èrfbw yfrf f kebcbàçh kf nfrùrf ke ofckf# Fw tenhgbkfkew refbw yhkel tfrbfr ke fghrkh ghl gfkf flobec{e ke reke1 

Lhkel ‗ Ul fyrewec{fkhr yhke èrfr gergf ke ?4 Mo(w ke kfkhw# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfl ke gergf ke ?2 Mo(w yfrf ew{foeneger ulf ohf ghcezçh# Cçh â reghleckæten uwfr f ghcezçh yhr lhkel ghl lfbw ke ul


47

fyrewec{fkhr# Cçh â reghleckæten uwfr h regurwh ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke fyrewec{fkhr# {enf ghl f ghcezçh yhr lhkel# 



KWN ‗ Ul fyrewec{fkhr yhke èrfr gergf ke 6?5 Mo(w ke kfkhw# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfl ke gergf ke 6?: Mo(w yfrf ew{foeneger ulf ohf ghcezçh# We h regurwh ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf hr uwfkh. hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfrçh ke ?99 Mo(w# NFC ‗ Ul fyrewec{fkhr yhke èrfr gergf ke ?59 Mo(w ke kfkhw# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfl ke gergf ke ?55 Mo(w# We h regurwh ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf hr uwfkh. hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yregbwfrçh ke ;99 Mo(w#

Cf wfnf ke reucbõew. wenegbhce _eucbçh3Kewelyecjh e f fyfrácgbf kf wfnf el H{blbqfr nfrùrf ke ofckf kf wfnf# Wenegbhce Lhkel. KWN(Gfoh hu NFC #

Ghcbùrfàçh kh yfr{bgbyfc{e

Ghcbùrfàçh kh jhw{

@erecgbfckh nfrùrf ke ofckf Ul bckbgfkhr el ofrrfw yhke wer u{bnbqfkh yenh jh w{ yfrf terbdbgfr h w{f{uw kf g hcezçh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Yfrf fgbhcfr f hyàçh kete wer u{bnbqfkh h yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew e lfrgfkf f hyàçh Lhw{rfr w{f{uw kf ghcezçh yfrf hw uwuærbhw keweafkhw H w{f{uw ke ghcezçh kf reke â lhw{rfkh yfrf {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew guaf kedbcbàçh ke nfrùrf ke ofckf weaf bcderbhr é nfrùrf ke ofckf kf wfnf


4;


Lhkel

@erecgbfckh nfrùrf ke ofckf Wuyhcjf vue h jhw{ {ecjf ghcdbù rfkh f wfnf yfrf ectbfr ghl tenhgbkfke NFC# Fw ofrrfw fh nfkh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew lhw{rfl weu w{f{uw ke fghrkh ghl f bckbgfàçh kenew1 KWN(Gfoh Lhkel NFC

bckbgfàçh bck bgfàçh kenew1 kenew1 KWN(Gfoh Lhkel NFC NF C


? Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl ? @erecgbfckh ulf wfnf ke reucbõew




Tbwçh kh Fyrewec{fkhr 

Yreyfrfckh ulf reucbçh



Yhkw



Æref ezgnuwbtf yfrf jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhrew ew

Tbwçh kh Jhw{ *fklbcbw{rfkhr" 

@erecgbfckh yfr{bgbyfc{ew



@erecgbfckh Yhkw



@erecgbfckh nfrùrf ke ofckf


Ghcbùrfàçh e hyerfàçh ke ul flobec{e ke ghcerácgbf peo ghlh ul jhw{#


Gergf ke 29 lbcu{hw




Pbckhpw ZY1 

Bc{erce{ Ezynhrer



Dbrehz

Jefkwe{ e peogfl

Fw f{btbkfkew keterçh wer refnbqfkfw el kuynf hu ch læzblh ghl {ráw fnuchw#


44

F{btbkfke 6 ‗ U{bnbqfckh hw yrbtbnâ`bhw ke fyrewec{fkhr El ul khw ghlyu{fkhrew. ec{re cf wfnf kewb`cfkf yfrf f kuynf u{bnbqfckh h nh`bc e f wecjf dhrcegbkhw# Ghl ewwfw bcdhrlfàõew ke uwuærbh hw fnuchw werçh hw fyrewec{fkhrew kf wfnf# Cew{f f{btbkfke hw fnuchw keterçh u{bnbqfr hw yhkw kbwyhcìtebw e fqer f terbbgfàçh ke ghlh hghrre f bc{erfàçh ghl h fyrewec{fkhr# 

Yhk Gïlerf e Thq Terbbvue f nfrùrf ke ofckf u{bnbqfkf el gfkf ul khw gfwhw1 f# Gïlerf yfuwfkf o# Blfècw lfbw nec{fw g# Blfècw ræybkfw k# Blfècw ke fn{f vufnbkfke e# _e{rf{h *vufkrfkh" # Yfkrçh *; z 7" `# Yfbwfèl *2 z 5" j# Weneàçh ke blfècw ezbobkfw ch yhk



Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h [enf kh ghlyu{fkhr f# Ghlyfr{bnje ulf afcenf foer{f kh weu ghlyu{fkhr e teaf h rewun{fkh cf {enf kh yfr{bgbyfc{e# o# Ghnhvue ulf afcenf yhr gblf kf afcenf ghlyfr{bnjfkf e teaf h rewun{fkh cf {enf kh yfr{bgbyfc{e# g# Ghlyfr{bnje f {enf kh weu ghlyu{fkhr ghl rewhnuàõew ke {enf ke 69?;z04: e ghl hu{rfw rewhnuàõew yfrf ter fw kberecàfw cfw {enfw khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew e {floâl fw kberecàfw ch uwh kf nfrùrf ke ofckf# k# Grbe ulf fyrewec{fàçh el YhperYhbc{ e ghlyfr{bnje,f# e# Cfteùe yenhw wnbkew f{rftâw kfw we{fw kh yhk e {floâl f{rftâw kh vufkrh ke cfte`fàçh# # U{bnbqe h vufkrh orfcgh yfrf kewecjfr cf {enf el lhkh bckeyeckec{e# `# U{bnbqe h vufkrh orfcgh yfrf kewecjfr cf {enf el lhkh whoreyhw{h#


40



Yhk Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke Frvubthw H fyrewec{fkhr kete ectbfr ul frvubth yfrf f wfnf e hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ketel ofbzæ,nh yfrf hw weuw ghlyu{fkhrew ghlyu{fkhrew##



Yhk Ch{f f# Dfàf f f{f kf reucbçh ch yhk Ch{f o# Bcgnuf tærbfw ch{fw ch lewlh yhk g# Fn{ere f hc{e e h fnbcjflec{h k# Cfteùe yenfw tærbfw ch{fw grbfkfw



Yhk Nbcmw cf Peo Kec{rh ke ulf reucbçh. ectbe f {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew h chle Yhr{fn _CY e h nbcm ppp#rcy#or



Yhk Yewvubwf _efnbqe ulf yewvubwf ghl hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kf wfnf yfrf kewghorbr h cìten ke wf{bwfàçh ghl renfàçh é errflec{f# f# Grbe f yewvubwf cf æref rewertfkf yfrf h fyrewec{fkhr e keyhbw kbwyhcbobnbqe f yewvubwf ch flobec{e#

F{btbkfke ? ‗ U{bnbqfckh hw yrbtbnâ`bhw ke jhw{ Cew{f f{btbkfke hw fnuchw keterçh u{bnbqfr hw yhkw kbwyhcìtebw e terbdbgfr ghlh hghrre f bc{erfàçh ec{re hw kbderec{ew cìtebw ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew# 6# @erecgbe fgewwh e ec{rfkf ke yfr{bgbyf yfr{bgbyfc{ew1 c{ew1 f# Onhvuefr chthw yfr{bgbyfc{ew o# Onhvuefr fgewwh ke ghctbkfkh g# Wuwyecker yfr{bgbyfc{ew k# Yrhlhter fu{hlf{bgflec{e fu{hlf{bgflec{e yfr{bgbyfc{ew f fyrewec{fkhrew e ec{rfr ghlh yfr{bgbyfc{e cf wfnf yfrf ter h vue fghc{ege



?# Yhk Nbw{f ke Yfr{bgbyfc{ew f# Fn{erfr kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew o# Ekb{fr chlew khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew g# Yrhlhter yfr{bgbyfc{ew k# Weneàçh ke w{f{uw khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew e# Nblyfr w{f{uw # Ghcgeker f {hkhw h kbreb{h ke uwfr h lbgrhhce `# _eth`fr kbreb{h fh lbgrhhce ke {hkhw j# Whnbgb{fr f ul yfr{bgbyfc{e vue ghlyfr{bnje wuf {enf b# Lhw{rfr w{f{uw ke ghcezçh a# Netfc{fr lçh


4:

7 Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl 7 Yhkw ftfcàfkhw e evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw Wulærbh kf wewwçh

Tbwçh kh yerdbn ke Jhw{ kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{                            06  06 @erecgbfckh nfhu{w                                             06 Yhk Of{e,yfyh                                                 07 Yhkw Ftfcàfkhw , Y$_                                          0; 0; Yhkw Ftfcàfkhw , Wewwõew ke `ruyh                                04 04 Bcbgbfckh wewwõew ke `ruyh                                       02 02 Nfhu{ ke wewwõew ke `ruyh                                      :9 :9 _elhteckh wewwõew ke `ruyh `ruyh                                    :6 :6 @rftfàçh kf wewwçh                                            :? :? @erecgbflec{h ke wewwõew `rftfkfw                                :7 :7 Evubyflec{hw hygbhcfbw                                         :5 :5 Vufkrh bc{erf{bth                                               :5 [fone{ YG                                                     :0 Ohhm bc{erf{bth                                                :0  :0 Dhc{ew ke tìkeh                                                :: Ec{rfkf ke æukbh                                               :2 Wfìkf ke whl                                                  29 Ew{ukh ke gfwh                                                26 Ezelynh ke gecærbh ke uwh1 UDWGfr                                26 26 Ezelynh ke gecærbh ke uwh1 UDU                                   2? 2?


09

_h{ebrh ke f{btbkfkew                                           27 27 F{btbkfke 6 ‗ @erecgbfckh nfhu{w                                  2; 2; F{btbkfke ? ‗ Yhk Yerùc{fw e _ewyhw{fw _ewyhw{fw                             25  25 F{btbkfke 7 ‗ Wewwçh ke `ruyh                                    25 25 F{btbkfke ; ‗ Wblunfckh ulf reucbçh                                25 25

Yrhae{h ghcdpeoIyrhbcdh1 ghcdpeoIyrhbcdh1 Ghcderácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbcdh Bc{e`rfkh ‗ Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl 7

06



Weræ fyrewec{fkf f ghc{bcufàçh kf tbwçh ke gfkf yerdbn ke uwuærbh kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ Fyrewec{frelhw Fyrewec{fre lhw f tbwçh kh jhw{ *fklbcbw{rfkhr"

@erecgbfckh nfhu{w

@erecgbfckh nfhu{w Yfrf fkbgbhcfr ul chth nfhu{. gnbvue el C lecu Nfhu{w  Chth hth nfhu{

hu ch

H oh{çh f{btf h lhkh ke yreyfrfàç yreyfrfàçh. h. h vue yhke wer deb{h {floâl ch lecu Fyrewec{fr H oh{çh blyeke f lhtblec{fàçh e rekblecwbhcflec{h khw yhkw







Wuyhcjf vue fyewfr khw nfhu{w u{bnbqfkhw {erel wbkh kbwgu{bkhw. h fyrewec{fkhr whnbgb{e vue weaf grbfkh ul chth nfhu{ yfrf yhwwbobnb{fr ulf kbwguwwçh ghl blfècw. gjf{ e yewvubwf Cewwf wb{ufàçh â yrederìten vue h nfhu{ weaf fn{erfkh wel vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew teafl Yfrf vue bwwh weaf yhwwìten. kete,we weùbr hw yfwwhw kewgrb{hw ch wnbke

Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ‗ H{blbqfkh yfrf yerlb{br vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ghlyfr{bnjel ghc{eñkhw1 fyrewec{fàõew ch Lbgrhwhd{ YhperYhbc{. tìkehw. khgulec{hw kh Fkhoe Dnfwj Yfyer. ec{re hu{rhw Kbwguwwçh ‗ H{blbqfkh yfrf yerlb{br vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kbwgu{fl hw {÷ybghw ke dhrlf bc{erf{btf e dfàfl fch{fàõew Ghnfohrfàçh ‗ Ew{æ h{blbqfkh yfrf yerlb{br vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew dfàfl fch{fàõew e kewecjhw chw ghc{eñkhw

Yhkw ftfcàfkhw e evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw f kbgbhcfbw

0?


@erecgbfckh nfhu{w 6#

Gnbvue ch oh{çh

yfrf f{btfr h lh lhkh kh ke yreyfrfàçh

?#

Gnbvue ch oh{çh e bcwbrf ulchle yfrf h chth nfhu{ *yhke, *yhke, we eghchlbqfr {elyh u{bnbqfckh f g÷ybf ke ul nfhu{ aæ ezbw{ec{e" Ch{e vue h nfhu{ vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ew{çh teckh ew{æ lfrgfkh el terke cf ofrrf ke nfhu{ e h vue ew{æ weckh ekb{fkh ew{æ el flfrenh

7# ;#

5#

Fkbgbhce(Lhtf(Ezgnuf hw yhkw vue vubwer Fkbgbhce(Lhtf(Ezgnuf Gnbvue ch oh{çh yfrf wfbr kh lh lhkh kh ke yreyfrfàçh# Weræ ezbobkf f wfnf vue ew{æ weckh tbw{f yhr {hkhw e h nfhu{ grbfkh dbgfræ kbwyhcìten cf ofrrf Cf ofrrf ke nfhu{w gnbvue ch chle kh chth nfhu{ yfrf u{bnbqæ,nh

@erecgbfckh nfhu{w

F ofrrf ke derrflec{fw ke nfhu{w e h lecu Nfhu{w wçh u{bnbqfkhw yfrf èrecgbfr hw nfhu{w _eghleckf, we vue {hkhw hw nfhu{w u{bnbqfkhw weafl grbfkhw fc{ew ke ulf reucbçh F wevuácgbf khw etec{hw el ulf reucbçh kete wer kbwgu{bkf yretbflec{e ec{re jhw{ e fyrewec{fkhr. yfrf vue hw yhkw fkevufkhw ew{eafl yreyfrfkhw e kbwyhw{hw cf wfnf kf lenjhr dhrlf Fyrhteb{e hw nfhu{w e ghc{eñkhw ezbw{ec{ew yfrf cçh reye{br f yerwhcfnbqfàçh welyre vue grbfr ulf reucbçh Yfrf ezgnubr ul nfhu{ kewcegewwærbh. wenegbhce,h ch lecu Nfhu{Hr`f Nfhu{Hr`fcbqfr cbqfr nfhu{w e gnbvue el Ezgnubr 

Â yhwwìten kedbcbr tærbhw nfhu{w h{b lbqfkhw yfrf ke{erlbcfkfw {fredfw. ghlh fyrewec{fàçh fyrewec{fàçh ke wnbkew hu kbwguwwçh# H lhkenh yfkrçh ke reucbçh ghc{âl {ráw nfhu{w yrâ, kedbcbkhw1 Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h Kbwguwwçh Ghnfohrfàçh


07

Yhk Of{e,yfyh F{rftâw kh yhk k e of{e,yfyh of{e,yfyh â yhwwìten ghlyhr lecwfècw ke {ez{h e ectbæ,nfw yfrf1 Ul yfr{bgbyfc{e ewyegìdbgh [hkhw hw fyrewec{fkhrew [hkhw hw yrewec{ew

Yhk Of{e,yfyh Of{e,yfyh e Y$_ el reucbõew

Thgá yhke we ghlucbgfr ghl hu{rhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kurfc{e ulf reucbçh uwfckh ul yhk ke of{e,yfyh We {bter ulf kñtbkf e cçh vubwer f{rfyfnjfr h fckflec{h kf reucbçh hu cçh yuker dfnfr kurfc{e enf yhrvue h kbwyhwb{bth ke whl kh weu ghlyu{fkhr cçh ew{æ f{btfkh. thgá yhke ectbfr ulf lecwfèl ke of{e,yfyh fhw fyrewec{fkhrew hu f vufnvuer hu{rh yfr{bgbyfc{e kf reucbçh Yhr ezelynh. fh ec{rfr yenf yrblebrf teq cf wfnf ke reucbõew. thgá yhke we fyrewec{fr ectbfckh ulf lecwfèl ke of{e,yfyh f {hkhw vue ew{bterel yrewec{ew cf wfnf We dhr ul fyrewec{fkhr. thgá yhke uwfr lfbw ke ul yhk ke of{e,yfyh wblun{fceflec{e Yhkw ke of{e, yfyh yhkel wer ghcdbùrfkhw ke dhrlf f ezbobr h ghc{eñkh f {hkhw hu whlec{e fhw fyrewec{fkhrew e jhw{w Ch yhk ke of{e,yfyh. fw lecwfècw wçh ezbobkfw é lekbkf vue wçh ectbfkfw e nbw{fkfw wevuecgbfnlec{e ch yhk Fw yerùc{fw e rewyhw{fw ectbfkfw yenh yhk ke of{e,yfyh cçh yhwwuel renfàçh ec{re wb e. yhr{fc{h. yhkel fyfreger el nhgfbw kbderec{ew cf nbw{f ke lecwfècw kh yhk ke of{e,yfyh Hw fyrewec{fkhrew yhkel yerlb{br vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew refnbqel ghcterwfw yrbtfkfw. fyfùel ghcterwfw e kewf{btel h regurwh ke ch{bdbgfàçh ke of{e,yfyh

Yhk Of{e,yfyh Hu{rfw hyàõew kbwyhcìtebw yfrf h jhw{ e h fyrewec{fkhr1

Fn{erfr {flfcjh kh {ez{h F{btfr(Kewf{btfr of{e,yfyh yfr{bgunfr yfrf yfr{bgbyfc{ew Nblyfr f {enf ke of{e,yfyh Ectbfr *whlec{e jhw{" h ghc{eñkh kh of{e,yfyh yfrf h e,lfbn kh jhw{ Ghcdbdbùrfr ùrfr fw ch{bdbgfàõew ch{bdbgfàõew ke of{e,yfyh Lhw{rfr(Hgun{fr lfrgfw ke kf{f e jhrf


H ghc{eñkh kh yhk ke of{e,yfyh â yerwbw{ec{e e yerlfcege el ulf wfnf ke reucbõew f{â vue weaf ezgnuìkh We vubwer yrewertfr h ghc{eñkh kh yhk ke of{e,yfyh yfrf uwh du{urh. ectbe,h yhr e,lfbn Â yhwwìten uwfr ul yhk ke Y$_ *yerùc{fw e rewyhw{fw" yfrf rewyhcker éw yerùc{fw ectbfkfw yenhw yfr{bgbyfc{ew H yhk ke Y$_ â tbcgunfkh fh yhk ke of{e,yfyh Vufckh ul yfr{bgbyfc{e dfq ulf yerùc{f ch yhk ke of{e,yfyh. h fyrewec{fkhr yhke rewyhcká,nf ch yhk ke Y$_ tbcgunfkh Vufckh h fyrewec{fkhr rewyhcke éw yerùc{fw. fw yerùc{fw e fw rewyhw{fw wçh ezbobkfw el yfrew ch yhk ke of{e,yfyh

0;


Hu{rfw hyàõew kbwyhcìtebw yfrf h jhw{ e h fyrewec{fkhr

Yhkw Ftfcàfkhw , Y$_

Yhkww Ftfcàfkhw Yhk Ftfcàfkhw , Y$ Y$_ _ H jhw{ e h fyrewec{fkhr yhkel u{bnbqfr h yhk ke Y$_ *Yerùc{fw *Ye rùc{fw e _ewyhw{fw" yfrf ho{er lfbhr gh c{rhne whore h èrecgbflec{h ke yerùc{fw e rewyhw{ fw

Â yhwwìten rekbregbhcfr fw yerùc{fw fhw fyrewec{fkhrew fyrhyrbfkhw e ghnhgæ,nhw el ulf dbnf ke ewyerf ecvufc{h cçh ew{çh yrhc{hw yfrf rewyhcker Â yhwwìten fynbgfr ul dbn{rh yfrf ezbobr ke{erlbcfkfw yerùc{fw e hgun{fr hu{rfw Â yhwwìten wenegbhcfr e ekb{fr fw yerùc{fw Â yhwwìten kb`b{fr rewyhw{fw e ectbfr yfrf {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew hu whlec{e yfrf vuel yerùc{hu

We thgá dhr ul jhw{ hu fyrewec{fkhr. yhke uwfr h yhk ke Y$_ yfrf ho{er lfbhr ghc{rhne whore h èrecgbflec{h ke yerùc{fw e rewyhw{fw kurfc{e fw reucbõew Ghl h yhk ke Y$_. thgá yhke rekbregbhcfr fw yerùc{fw fhw fyrewec{fkhrew fyrhyrbfkhw e ghnhgæ,nfw el ulf dbnf ke ewyerf ecvufc{h cçh ew{bter yrhc{h yfrf rewyhcká,nfw

Yfrf èrecgbfr f dbnf ke yerùc{fw. thgá yhke fynbgfr ul dbn{rh vue nje yerlb{f ezbobr ke{erlbcfkfw yerùc{fw e hgun{fr hu{rfw Thgá yhke wenegbhcfr e ekb{fr fw yerùc{fw. kb`b{fr wufw rewyhw{fw e ectbæ,nfw f {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew hu fyecfw fh rele{ec{e kf yerùc{f Fw yerùc{fw e rewyhw{fw wçh ezbobkfw el yfrew ch yhk ke of{e,yfyh


05

Yhkw Ftfcàfk Ftfcàfkhw hw , Y$ Y$_ _ Kete,we tbcgunfr u l yhk ke of{e,yfyh Kete,we of{e,yfyh fh y hk Y$_# Yfrf bwwh. ch yhk Y $ _ wenegbhce h of{e,yfyh of{e,yfyh vue keweaf tbcgunfr e gnbvue ch oh{çh [hkfw fw yerùc{fw ke yfr{bgb yfr{bgb yfc{ew fyfrege fyfregel l ch yhk Y$_. nhgfnbqfkh yrederecgbfnlec{e cf æref ezgnuwbtf kh fyrewec{fkhr *cçh fyfrege yfrf yfr{bgby fc{ew" H jhw{ e h fyrewec{f fyrewec{fkhr khr yhk el èrecgbfr h yhk. lfw reghleckf,we {er ulf yewwhf *jhw{" ecgfrre`f ecgfrre`fkf kf kew{e èrecgbflec{h yfrf kebzfr h*w" fyrewec{fkhr*ew" fyrewec{fkhr*ew" nbtre*w"

Ezgnubr yerùc{f

Yerùc{fw Ekbàçh ke yerùc{fw

Ectbfr yfrf fyrewec{fkhr

_ewyhcker f {hkhw hu f vuel yerùc{hu

Yhkw Ftfcàfk Ftfcàfkhw hw , Y$ Y$_ _ Ezelynhw kf u{bnbkfke ke ul yhk ke Y$_1

Kurfc{e ulf reucbçh `rfcke hu ulf fyrewec{fàçh ke [rfofnjh ke Ghcgnuwçh ke Gurwh *[GG". fw yerùc{fw wçh fkbgbhcfkfw fkbgbhcfkfw f ulf dbnf dbnf ch yhk ke Y$_# Fh ghcgnubr f fyrewec{fàçh. h hrfkhr ghcwun{f fw lecwfècw. fynbgf ul dbn{rh e ghleàf f rewyhcká,nfw# H lhkerfkhr kf reucbçh rewyhcke éw yerùc{fw ke nh`ìw{bgf nh`ìw{b gf e ecgflbcjf ecgflbcjf fw kñtbkfw {âgcbgfw {âgcbgfw fhw rewyhcwætebw#


04


Yhkw Ftfcàfk Ftfcàfkhw hw , Wewwõew ke ke `ruyh Kurfc{e ulf reucbçh hw jhw{w yhkel kbtb kbr f wfnf el wuo,wfnfw *orefmhu{ *orefmhu{ wewwbhcw " Ew{fw wuo,wfnfw yhkel wer wer uwfkfw yfrf kbtbkbr u l `ruyh `r fcke ke f{â f{â 59 yfr{bgbyfc{ew el `ruyhw lechrew. hcke yhkel ghcterwfr hu ghnfohrfr Kec{rh kfw wewwõew ke `ruyh. {hkhw hw yfr{b gbyfc{ew we {hrcfl fyrewec{f fyrewec{fkhrew khrew H fyrewec{fkhr fyrewec{fkhr yhke ec{rfr cfw wfnfw e we ghlucbgfr ghl hw yfr{b gbyfc{ew kenfw. lfw lfw hw yfr{bg byfc{ew kfw wfnfw cçh we ghlucbgfl ec{re wb

Yhkw Ftfcàfkhw , Wewwõew ke `ruyh Grbfàçh e èrecgbflec{h ke wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh

Fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh wçh wuo,wfnfw vue yhkel wer grbfkfw el ulf reucbçh hu wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h Enfw wçh ñ{ebw yfrf kbtbkbr ul `rfcke `ruyh el `ruyhw lechrew vue yhkel ghcterwfr hu ghnfohrfr Fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh yhkel wer uwfkfw el reucbõew e wewwõew ke {rebcflec{h ghl 59 yfr{bgbyfc{ew hu lechw. e hw jhw{w yhkel grbfr f{â gbcgh wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh yfrf ulf ñcbgf reucbçh hu wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h

Yhr ezelynh. we thgá {bter ?9 yewwhfw el ulf wewwçh. yhkeræ grbfr vuf{rh wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh e lhter gbcgh yfr{bgbyfc{ew yfrf gfkf wfnf Cfw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh. hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhkel ghcterwfr ucw ghl hw hu{rhw *keyeckeckh kf ghcdbùrfàçh ke æukbh". uwfr h yhk ke of{e,yfyh. ghnfohrfr uwfckh ul vufkrh orfcgh e ghlyfr{bnjfr wufw {enfw H jhw{ yhke tbwb{fr {hkfw fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh yfrf yrew{fr fwwbw{ácgbf e rewyhcker yerùc{fw Vufckh h {rfofnjh cfw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh â ghcgnuìkh. h jhw{ yhke dbcfnbqfr f wewwçh ke `ruyh e ghckuqbr hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew é wfnf yrbcgbyfn Hw jhw{w yhkel ghlyfr{bnjfr ghl {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew bcdhrlfàõew whore h ghc{eñkh kfw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh We cegewwærbh. h jhw{ yhke reghckuqbr hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yfrf wufw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh We thgá thn{fr f uwfr f wfnf. {floâl yhkeræ reu{bnbqfr h nfhu{ kf wfnf ke wewwçh ke `ruyh e weu ghc{eñkh Ec{re{fc{h. f f{rboubàçh khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew éw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh cçh â re{bkf


00

Yhkw Ftfcàfkhw Ftfcàfkhw , Wewwõew ke ke `ruyh Yfrf uwfr ew{e regurwh â cegewwærbh1

Kedbcbr fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh Kedbcbr h cñlerh ke wfnfw Kbw{rboubr hw yfr{bgbyfc{e yfr{bgbyfc{eww ec{re enfw Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew fbckf cçh wçh kbregbhcfkhw yfrf fw wfnfw Kedbcbr h nfhu{ f wer u{bnbqfkh

Bcbgbfr fw wewwõew ke `ruyh Forbr fw wfnfw [rfcwyhr{fr fu{hlf{bgflec{e hw uwuærbhw yfrf enfw

Yhkw Ftfcàfkhw Ftfcàfkhw , Wewwõew ke ke `ruyh Yfrf kedbcbr kedbcbr fw wewwõew ke `ruyh

Gnbvue ch oh{çh Bcbgbfr wewwõew ch gfc{h bcderbhr ke `ruyh kbreb{h kf wfnf ke reucbõew hu kf nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew H yhk Wewwõew ke `ruyh fore e whlec{e â tbw{h yenh jhw{ F{rftâw kewwe yhk â yhwwìten kbw{rboubr hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ec{re fw wfnfw ke lhkh lfcufn hu fu{hlæ{bgh


We thgá ew{bter `rftfckh ulf reucbçh hu wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h e ectbfr yfr{bgbyfc{ew yfrf wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh. f `rftfàçh ghc{bcufræ whlec{e cf wfnf yrbcgbyfn Yhr ezelynh. we hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew dhrel ectbfkhw yfrf wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh yhr gbcgh lbcu{hw. f wfnf yrbcgbyfn. wel f{btbkfke. weræ `rftfkf chw gbcgh lbcu{hw Vufckh fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh wçh degjfkfw e {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew re{hrcfl é wfnf yrbcgbyfn. f `rftfàçh thn{f f gfy{urfr {hkfw fw f{btbkfkew cf wfnf yrbcgbyfn

Cfkf fghc{ege ecvufc{h h oh{çh „Bcbg weww `r“ cçh â gnbgfkh

0:


hu

Yfrf bcbgbfr f wewwçh yhke,we gnbgfr el khbw nu`frew kbderec{ew cf wfnf1 cf nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew hu ch gfc{h bcderbhr kbreb{h kf wfnf


02

Yhkw Ftfcàfkhw Ftfcàfkhw , Wewwõew ke ke `ruyh

Yhkel wer grbfkfw ch læzblh gbcgh wfnfw

Yfrf kbw{rboubr hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Yhke,we uwfr f hyàçh1 Kbw{rbouìkhw ucbdhrlelec{e kf reucbçh yrbcgbyfn

Wenegbhce ul hu lfbw uwuærbhw e ch lecu F{rbo# gnbvue cf wewwçh keweafkf Yhke,we {floâl fkbgbhc fr e Yhke,we relhter wewwõew ke `ruyh chw oh{õew cf drec{e kf wewwçh e

Bcbgbfckh wewwõew ke `ruyh

Bcbgbfckh wewwõew ke `ruyh Fh gnbgfr el hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew wçh fu{hlf{bgflec{e kbregbhcfkhw éw wufw wfnfw e yrhlhtbkh w f fyrewec{fkhrew fyrewec{fkhrew H jhw{ yhk e ec{rfr el ulf wewwçh gnbgfckh cf wewwçh keweafkf keweaf kf ch y hk Wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhkel we ghlucbgfr ghl h jhw{ vufckh ew{e ew{bter cf wfnf hu uwfckh f gfbzf fh nfkh kh oh{çh Ec{rfr el ghc{f{h ghl h jhw{

Hw jhw{w { floâl yhkel lfckfr lecwfècw yfrf {hkfw fw wfnfw f{rftâw kf gfbzf fh nfkh kh oh{çh

Tbwçhh kh yfr{bgbyfc{e Tbwç

[hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew f`hrf wçh fyrewec{fkhrew

Tbwçh kh yfr{bgbyfc{e

Bckbgfàçh ke vue we ew{æ cf wfnf ke wewwçh ke `ruyh


Afcenf dnu{ufc{e lhw{rf lecwfècw ectbfkfw yenh jhw{

Gfbzf ke lecwfècw vue yerlb{e vue h yfr{bgbyfc{e dfne ghl h jhw{

:9


Tbwçh kh jhw{

Afcenf dnu{ufc{e Afcenf d nu{ufc{e lhw{rf fw lecwfècw regeobkfw khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Bckbgf f wewwçh e `ruyh el vue h jhw{ ew{æ#

Yfrf cfte`fr el ulf wewwçh ke `ruyh gnbvue ch chle kf wewwçh Gfbzf ke lecwfècw vue yerlb{e vue h jhw{ ghcterwe ghl {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew

Tbwçh kh jhw{

Nfhu{ ke wewwõew ke `ruyh H nfhu{ u{ bnbqfkh yenfw wewwõew â wenegbhcfkh f{rftâw kh oh{çh Kec{rh kfw wfnfw hw jhw{w yhkel fn{erfr h nfhu{ ke gfkf wfnf Yfrf dbcfnbqfr dbcfnbqfr fw wewwõew ke `ruyh ofw{f gnbgfr chtflec{e el Fy÷w h dbl kfw wewwõew. hw ghc{eñkhw ke gfkf wewwçh wewwçh Y dbgfl frlfqecfkhw frlfqecfkhw ch lecu Yhkw  Yhkw hkw kfw wewwõew ke `ruyh Hw yhkw kfw wewwõew yhkel wer tbwufnbqfkhw. lfw cçh yhkel wer ekb{fkhw

Nfhu{ ke wewwõew ke `ruyh Nfhu{w ke wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh

Hw jhw{w yhkel uwfr h nfhu{ yfkrçh ke wfnf ke wewwçh ke `ruyh hu yrhae{fr ul chth nfhu{ f wer uwfkh ewyegbdbgflec{e cfw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh Grbe ul nfhu{ yerwhcfnbqfkh we keweafr dfqer ul {rfofnjh yreyfrf{÷rbh fc{ew ke ectbfr ghc{eñkh e yfr{bgbyfc{ew yfrf fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh Bwwh yhke f`bnbqfr fw reucbõew e lenjhrfr wuf hr`fcbqfàçh

Fh gnbgfr ch oh{çh Bcbgbfr wewwõew ke `ruyh. `ruyh. h nfhu{ vue ew{æ weckh uwfkh cf reucbçh hu wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h â reyrhkuqbkh el {hkfw fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh Yhr ezelynh. we h nfhu{ 6 ew{bter f{bth e dhrel bcbgbfkfw wewwõew ke `ruyh ghl {ráw wfnfw. fw wfnfw uwfrçh h nfhu{ 6 We thgá fn{erfr f reucbçh hu wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h yfrf h nfhu{ ? e fkbgbhcfr f wfnf ke wewwçh ke `ruyh ;. f wfnf ke wewwçh ke `ruyh ; uwfræ h nfhu{ ? Jæ gfwhw el vue â ñ{bn {er kbderec{ew nfhu{w yfrf kbderec{ew wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh Ew{f wb{ufàçh hghrre. yhr ezelynh. we thgá vubwer vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew cfw kbderec{ew wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh dfàfl ezergìgbhw kbderec{ew vue revuebrfl nfhu{w ewyegìdbghw. hu we thgá {bter ghc{eñkh kbderec{e yfrf gfkf wfnf. vue revuebrf nfhu{w kbw{bc{hw Cewwe gfwh. grbe nfhu{w weyfrfkhw yfrf fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh e terbdbvue we h nfhu{ keweafkh ew{æ f{bth vufckh thgá gnbgfr el Bcbgbfr wewwõew ke `ruyh `ruyh We thgá vubwer ghc{eñkhw kbderec{ew el gfkf wfnf ke wewwçh ke `ruyh. lfw cçh yregbwfr ke nfhu{w kbderec{ew. yreyfre fw wfnfw fc{ew vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ec{rel cf reucbçh hu wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h Bcbgbe f reucbçh hu f wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h Yrhae{h ghcdpeoIyrhbcdh1 ghcdpeoIyrhbcdh1 Ghcderácgbf Peo yfrf h Yrhbcdh Bc{e`rfkh ‗ Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl 7

:6

e ghcdbùre h cñlerh cegewwærbh ke wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh Gnbvue el Bcbgbfr wewwõew ke `ruyh e lhtf,we ke ulf wfnf yfrf hu{rf gfrre`fckh h ghc{eñkh cegewwærbh el gfkf yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h El weùbkf. ecgerre fw wewwõew ke `ruyh Vufckh hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ec{rfrel e thgá gnbgfr chtflec{e el Bcbgbfr wewwõew ke `ruyh *keyhbw ke f{rboubr hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew éw wfnfw". h ghc{eñkh ew{fræ yrhc{h We cegewwærbh. thgá {floâl yhke fn{erfr h nfhu{ e fkbgbhcfr ghc{eñkh f wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh kurfc{e ulf reucbçh Keyhbw kh bcìgbh kf reucbçh hu wewwçh ke {rebcflec{h. gnbvue el Bcbgbfr wewwõew ke `ruyh e lhtf,we ke ulf wfnf yfrf hu{rf. fn{erfckh h nfhu{ e fkbgbhcfckh ghc{eñkh Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew cfw kbderec{ew wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh yhkel ter fw fn{erfàõew é lekbkf vue thgá fw blynelec{f _elhteckh wewwõew ke `ruyh Nblyfr e rekedbcbr wfnfw ch lecu ke hyàõew kh yhk1 F hyàçh Nblyfr {hkfw fw wfnfw fyf`f fw wfnfw. lfw lfc{âl weuw ghc{eñkhw ch lecu Yhkw  Yhkw hkw ke wewwçh ke Y `ruyh F hyàçh _ekedbcbr wfnfw relhte fw wfnfw e cçh frlfqecf weuw yhkw e ghc{eñkhw

_elhteckh wewwõew ke `ruyh Yfrf relhter ulf wfnf ke wewwçh ke `ruyh. gnbvue ch Z fh nfkh kf wfnf ch yhk ke wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh [hkhw hw yhkw e h ghc{eñkh kf wfnf ke wewwçh ke `ruyh {floâl wçh relhtbkhw F culerfàçh ke {hkfw fw wfnfw wuowevuec{ew â fauw{fkf yfrf `frfc{br f ghc{bcubkfke Yfrf relhter {hkfw fw wfnfw e wfntfr hw yhkw grbfkhw cenfw. ghlh hw ke vufkrh orfcgh hu of{e, yfyh. gnbvue ch oh{çh ke hyàõew ke yhk e wenegbhce Nblyfr {hkfw fw wfnfw wfnfw  Hw yhkw wçh wfnthw cf hyàçh Yhkw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh `ruyh F culerfàçh ke vufbwvuer wfnfw grbfkfw wuowevuec{elec{e ghc{bcuf f yfr{br kh cñlerh kf ñn{blf wfnf grbfkf Yfrf relhter {hkfw fw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh. hw yhkw kfw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh e hw yhkw wfnthw cf hyàçh ke lecu Yhkw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh. `ruyh . gnbvue ch oh{çh Hyàõew kh yhk e yhk e wenegbhce _ekedbcbr wfnfw wfnfw Bwwh qerf f culerfàçh kfw wfnfw


:?


@rftfàçh kf wewwçh H jhw{ yhk e bcbgbfr f `r ftfàç ftfàçhh ke ulf reucbçh f{rftâw kh lecu _eucbçh  @ @rftfr rftfr reucbçh [hkfw fw bcdhrlfàõew cf {enf e h æukbh kf reucbçh wçh `rftfkhw Fw `rftfàõew dbgfl frlfqecfkfw frlfqecfkfw ch wertbkhr kh wertbàh Yfrf fwwbw{br fwwbw{br f reucbçh kete,we fgewwfr fgewwfr h nbcm rederec{e é `rftfàçh Ezbw{e ulf bc{ erdfge ewyegìdbgf ewyegìdbgf yfrf h èrecgbfle èrecgbflec{h c{h kfw `rftfàõew

@rftfàçh kf wewwçh @rftfàçh ke reucbõew

Hw jhw{w yhkel `rftfr wewwõew ke reucbçh hu {rebcflec{h. gfwh fnùcw yfr{bgbyfc{ew {ecjfl yerkbkh f reucbçh hu vuebrfl fwwbw{b,nf chtflec{e Vufckh reyrhkuqbkf. f `rftfàçh lhw{rf ezf{flec{e h vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew tbrfl e hutbrfl [ukh h vue fghc{ege cf wfnf â `rftfkh. ghl ezgeàçh kf æref ezgnuwbtf kh fyrewec{fkhr e kfw wfnfw ke wewwçh ke `ruyh Â yhwwìten bcbgbfr e bc{errhlyer f `rftfàçh f vufnvuer lhlec{h. ke dhrlf vue thgá kegbke h lhlec{h kf reucbçh vue keweaf `rftfr Hw jhw{w hu fyrewec{fkhrew yhkel grbfr ul frvubth ke rederácgbf kfw reucbõew e kbwyhcbobnbqfr fw `rftfàõew yfrf hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew Yfrf fwwbw{br fw `rftfàõew â cegewwærbh {er yerlbwwçh yfrf fgewwæ,nfw Ewwf yerlbwwçh yhke wer ghcgekbkf yenh jhw{ kf wfnf tbr{ufn H eckereàh kh wertbkhr â j{{y1((peoghcdrcyor j{{y1((peoghcdrcyor We h æukbh ew{bter weckh ghlyfr{bnjfkh whlec{e f{rftâw kh yhk Gïlerf e Thq . cçh lfrvue f hyàçh @rftfr æukbh kh tbtf,thq cf afcenf @rftfr reucbçh#


:7

@erecgbflec{h ke wewwõew `rftfkfw Cew{f yæ`bcf h jhw{ kete ec{rfr ghl uwuærbh e wecjf yfrf {er fgewwh fh lecu lhw{rfkh cf dbùrf kh wnbke Fy÷w h fgewwh ene yhke èrecgbfr fw `rftfàõew ke gfkf wfnf tbr{ufn el vue f{uf ghlh jhw{ Yhr ezelynh1  

Yfrf ho{er fgewwh fh èrecgbflec{h ke `rftfàõew e reguyerfr h nbcm kf `rftfàçh. h uwuærbh kete wer jhw{ hu yhwwubr yerlbwwõew fkevufkfw

Ekb{fr fw bcdhrlfàõew e yerlbwwõew ke fgewwh= Ezgnubr ulf `rftfàçh e terbdbgfr f U_N ke fgewwh yfrf yhw{erbhr kbtun`fàçh

Ke{erlbcfkhw etec{hw wçh bckezfkhw yfrf gfkf `rftfàçh ke reucbçh1 

Lecwfècw ke of{e,yfyh=



Fn{erfàçh ch nfhu{=



Lukfcàf ke wnbke=



Bcìgbh e bc{erruyàçh kf gïlerf

Gfkf etec{h â reyrewec{fkh yhr ul b{el ch Ìckbge ke `rftfàõew e regeoe ulf lfrgf ke kf{f(jhrf Fh cfte`fr yenh Ìckbge ke `rftfàõew ke ulf reucbçh. thgá yhke dbn{rfr e yewvubwfr reucbõew `rftfkfw

F yhnì{bgf ke uwh e h ùbf kh uwuærbh kh Wertbàh ke Ghcderácgbf Peo ew{çh kbwyhcìtebw cf yæ`bcf kh wertbàh ch wb{e kf _CY e ketel wer nbkhw yenhw fklbcbw{rfkhrew ke wfnfw e uwuærbhw kh wertbàh1 

j{{y1((ppprcyor(ghcderecgbfpeo(

Ezelynh ke flobec{e tbr{ufn ke fyreckbqfèl1 Lhhkne. [enekug. e,Yrhbcdh. kec{re hu{rhw

Yfrf {er fgewwh fh èrecgbflec{h ke `rftfàõew e reguyerfr h nbcm kf `rftfàçh. h uwuærbh kete wer jhw{ hu {er yerlbwwõew fkevufkfw

[hrcf fw `rftfàõew kbwyhcìtebw yfrf vufnvuer yewwhf *fw `rftfàõew wçh yrbtfkfw yhr yfkrçh"


Ekb{f `rftfàõew

Grbf ul frvubth nhgfn *khpcnhfk #dnt "


@erecgbflec{h ke wewwõew `rftfkfw Uwe hw lfrgfkhrew yfrf wenegbhcfr f yfr{e kf `rftfàçh vue keweaf ghr{fr Gnbvue el Ghr{fr yfrf relhter f yfr{e wenegbhcfkf Yhke,we gnbgfr el Uckh yfrf thn{fr é ñn{ blf fàçh refnbqfkf Gnbvue el Wfntfr yfrf ùfrkfr hw rewun{fkhw Welyre â yhwwìten thn{fr fh hrb`bcfn

@erecgbflec{h ke wewwõew `rftfkfw Fh fwwbw{br f ulf `rftfàçh. gnbvue el Hyàõew ftfcàfkfw ke ezbobàçh Yhke,we ec{çh u{bnbqfr hw etec{hw yfrf cfte`fr yenf reucbçh _eghleckf,we yreyfrfr _eghleckf,we yreyfrfr hw n fhu{w ke dhr lf f redne{br f fèckf kf reucbçh. bcgrelec{fckh f `rftfàçh

@erecgbflec{h ke wewwõew `rftfkfw Fw `rftfàõew vue werçh uwfkfw ghlh rederácgbf kurfc{e h gurwh hu el du{ur hw gurwhw ketel wer1 Wfntfw el frvubthw #dnt Kbwyhcbobnbqfkfw auc{flec{e ghl h ghc{eñkh kh gurwh ch Flobec{e Tbr{ufn ke Fyreckbqfèl *FTF" F yhnì{bgf ke uwh kh wertb àh ke{erlbcf vue fw `rftfàõew cçh werçh yerlfcec{ew# H ùbf kh uwuærbh kh wertbàh kete wer ghcwun{fkh yfrf terbdbgfr h {elyh vue fw `rftfàõew yerlfcegerçh yerlfcegerçh kbwyhcìtebw ch wertbkhr#


:;

:5

Evubyflec{hw hygbhcfbw Vufkrh bc{erf{bth hu nhuwf kb`b{fn [fone{ YG Ohhm bc{erf{bth Dhc{ew ke tìkeh Wfìkfw ke whl Ec{rfkfw ke whl

Vufkrh bc{erf{bth Kbwyhwb{bth v ue {hrcf ulf yfreke yfreke hu ul vufkrh orfcgh ghlul wecwìten f lhtblec{hw# Whnuàçh ghl chtfw derrflec{fw ke bc{erfàçh tbwufn. yhwwbobnb{fckh ul chth lhkh ke ghckuqbr fw fyrewec{fàõew. fyrewe c{fàõew. {hrcfckh,fw lfbw bc{erf{btfw. kbcïlbgfw. bc{erewwfc{ew e yrhku{btfw#

Evubyflec{hw hygbhcfbw Evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw el ulf ghcderácgbf peo yrhteel kbterwhw regurwhw yfrf hw fyrewec{fkhrew e ghc{eukbw{fw Yerlb{el vue chtfw dhrlfw ke fyrewec{fr ghc{eñkh weafl u{bnbqfkfw e {floâl yerlb{el vue f ghcderácgbf peo we fyrhzble lfbw ke ulf ghcderácgbf refn Yhkel etb{fr vue ul fyrewec{fkhr dbvue nblb{fkh yenf derrflec{f ke ghcderácgbf peo e yhwwf {rfcwlb{br h weu ghc{eñkh kf lenjhr dhrlf Evubyflec{hw wçh u{bnbqfkhw {fc{h yfrf dfgbnb{fr f bc{erfàçh kh yrhdewwhr ghl hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew vufc{h yfrf lenjhrfr f tbwufnbqfàçh e fukbàçh ke etec{hw *reucbõew. funfw e fyrewec{fàõew"

Vufkrh bc{erf{bth Fnùcw yrhku{hw1 

WLF_[ Ohfrk



FG[BTOhfrk



eOefl



Lblbh



Peow{er

Lfbw bcdhrlfàõew

j{{y1((pppdwkom6?dnuw(rlg({u{hrbfnw(pjb{eohfrkwj{ln


:4


Vufkrh bc{erf{bth bc{erf{bth Ul whd{pfre â bcw{fnfkh ch ghlyu{fkhr yfrf yhwwbobn b{fr f u{bnbqfàçh kh evubyflec{h evubyflec{h Ul evubyflec{h regey{hr yhke wer fghynfkh f ulf yfreke hu nhuwf Yhke,we {floâl fkvubrbr f nhuwf ghlyne{f

j{{y1((ppp#dwko#m6?#dn#uw(rlg({u{hrbfnw(pjb{eohfrkw#j{ln

Ghlyu{fkhr ghlyfr{bnjfckh f {enf cf reucbçh Yfrf u{bnbqfr h vufkrh bc{erf{bth ghl h Fkhoe Ghcceg{ ofw{f ghlyfr{bnjfr f {enf kh ghlyu{fkhr hcke ew{æ bcw{fnfkh h evubyflec{h

Gfoh werbfn ec{re h ghlyu{fkhr e h evubyflec{h


Yrhaeàçh kf {enf cf nhuw nhuwff

:0

[fone{ YG Ch{eohhm un{rfyhr{æ{bn ghl {hkhw hw regurwhw vue yerlb{el ewgreter hu bcwerbr kfkhw yhr lebh ke ulf gfce{f le{ænbgf# @erfnlec{e {el lechw ke khbw vubnhw

[fone{ YG Ducgbhcf ghlh h vufkrh orfcgh. w÷ vue we ewgrete kbre{flec{e cf {enf kh ghlyu{fkhr Ch vufkrh orfcgh f {enf kh ghlyu{fkhr â h ghc{eñkh {rfcwlb{bkh yfrf h wb{e relh{h

Ezgenec{e regurwh regurwh yfrf funfw f kbw{ïcgbf. aæ vue yerlb{e f gfy{urf kfw fch{fàõew fch{fàõew kh yr hdewwhr e h ectbh yfrf wb{ew relh{hw# Ghcw{b{ub ul f fn{ercf{btf fn{ercf{btf fh vufkrh ene{rûcbgh. yhbw f blfèl kh [fone{ yhke wer yrha e{fkf el el ulf {enf#

Â ghlh f nhuwf kb`b{fn. w÷ vue we ewgrete kbre{flec{e cf {enf kh ghlyu{fkhr

Ohhm bc{erf{bth

Ducgbhcf ghlh f nhuwf kb`b {fn. lfw weu {flfcjh â rekuqbkh Yhke wer uwfkh whore whore ulf lewf

Whnuàçh bc{erewwfc{e vue yerlb{e. yhr ezelynh. vue ul yrhdewwhr bc{ erfaf lfbw dfgbnlec{e ghl h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h. yhkeckh ewgreter {ez{hw e evufàõew é lçh e kewecjfr


Ohhm bc{erf{bth

::

Ewghnf Wuyerbhr ke _ekew _CY Dhc{ew ke tìkeh

Dhc{ew ke tìkeh Â yhwwìten u{bnbqfr tærbfw dhc{ew yfrf {rfcwlb{b r h tìkeh f{rftâw kh yhk Gïlerf e thq # H ghlyu{fkhr yregbwf ke1 Ynfgf ke gfy{urf ke tìkeh ghl ec{rfkfw fkevufkfw

F lfbhrbf kfw gflghrkerw f{ufbw yhwwuel wfìkfw dbrepbre hu UWO# F ynfgf ke gfy{urf kete {er fw ec{rfkfw fkevufkfw. dbrepbre. _GF. KTB e{g# Ezelynhw1

Ghcezçh dbrepbre *BEEE 672; hu bNbcm" Fkfy{fkhr ke tìkeh UWO



Hwyre ?79



Gfchyuw FKTG 799

[ew{e f ynfgf fc{ew ke ghlyræ,nf# F vufnbkfke kf blfèl yhke lenjhrfr. lfw cçh un{rfyfwwf f rewhnuàçh ke 7?9 z ?;9. ulf teq vue â u{bnbqfkh h dhrlf{h ke dnfwj w{reflbc` #

Lfbw bcdhrlfàõew j{{y1((ppp#ghcceg{uwerw#ghl(dhrulw(gugoo(tbep{hybg#yjy8bk<4;6

Dhc{ew ke tìkeh F dhc{e yhke wer1

Peogfl UWO. dbrepbre. bc{e`rfkf

F lfbhrbf kfw gflghrkerw aæ yhwwub hw krbter fkevufkhw# Yfrf hu{rhw gfwhw. hw krbterw ewyegbfnbqfkhw wçh ñ{ebw1 

KTkrbter ‗ j{{y1((ppp#{rfgmergfl#ghl( [GflPeo(ktkrbter#j{l



Wynb{gfl ‗ j{{y1((ppp#wynb{gflerf#ghl(

Ulf gïlerf ghl wfìkf wfìkf UWO. dbrepbre hu _GF Tbkehgfwwe{e. KTK

Dhc{ew ke tìkeh El fnùcw gfwhw fw gïlerfw wçh reghcjegbkfw yenh Fkhoe Ghcceg{. yhkeckh wer wenegbhcfkfw cf afcenf ke ghcdbùr fàçh kh Dnfwj= Dnfwj= hu{rfw yhkel cçh ducgbhcfr#

Yhkel wer u{bnbqfkhw krbterw vue yhwwbob nb{fl vue fw gïlerfw hu gfy{urfw weafl {rf{fkfw ghlh peogflw1

KTkrbter1 s+?9 *[rbfn , 5 lbcu{hw" KTkrbter1 lbcu{hw" Wynb{gfl1 Dreepfre


:2

Ec{rfkf ke æukbh

Fnùlfw gïlerfw yhwwuel lbgrhdhcew e yhkel wer reghcjegbkfw {floâl yenh Fkhoe Ghcceg{# Yfrf u{bnbqfr ul lbgrhdhc e ez{erch ofw{f ghceg{æ,nh ghceg{æ,nh é ec{rfkf ke lbgrhdhce kh ghlyu{fkhr# Nelore,we ke wenegbhcfr f ec{rfkf ke æukbh fyrhyrb fkf cf afcenf ke ghcdbùrfàçh kh dnfwj#

Ec{rfkf ke æukbh Whore f vufnbkfke ke æukbh. hw lbgrhdhcew UWO cçh kbderel {fc{h khw lbgrhdhcew uwufbw F kbderecàf ew{æ cf ezbw{ácgbf ke ul ghcterwhr fcfn÷`bgh,kb`b{fn ch yr÷yrbh evubyflec{h. ch gfwh kh UWO Kewwf dhrlf. wbcfbw kb`b{fbw wçh ectbfkhw yfrf h ghlyu{fkhr. ecvufc{h ch gfwh ke ghceg{hrew Y? ul wbcfn fcfn÷`bgh â ectbfkh e ghcter{bkh el wbcfn kb`b{fn yenf ynfgf ke whl kh ghlyu{fkhr Ketbkh é ew{f gfrfg{erìw{bgf. hw lbgrhdhcew UWO yhkel hdereger tfc{fècw ghl renfàçh é bc{erderácgbf ene{rhlf`câ{bgf ke hu{rhw evubyflec{hw cf {rfcwlbwwçh kh æukbh *gfoh"

Lbgrhdhcew Y? *7.5 ll"


29


Lbgrhdhcew UWO

Lbgrhdhcew yrâ,flynbdbgfkhw

Lbgrhdhce yrhdbwwbhcfn

Gfoh Gfchc

Yrâ,flynbdbgfkhr

Gfoh Gfchc(Y? *YG"

Flynbdbgfkhr ke wbcfn

Gfoh _GF(Y? *YG"

Kbwyhwb{bthw yfrf flynbdbgfr h whl ke ul {enedhce

[enedhce

Wfìkf ke whl Yfrf hutbr h æukbh kf reucbçh yhkel wer u{bnbqfkhw jefkwe{w jefkwe {w hu gfbzfw ke whl= ofw{f ghceg{æ,nfw cfw wfìkfww fyrhyrbfkfw kh ghlyu {fkhr wfìkf Ketbkh fh f{rfwh cf {r fcwlbwwçh ke æukbh. kete,we welyre ew{fr f{ec{h f{ec{h fh re{hrch kh æukbh yfrf f reucbçh# We dhrel u{bnbqfkfw gfbzfw ke whl. kebze h lbgrhdhce kewf{btfkh ecvufc{h cçh ew{bter ew{bter dfnfckh dfnfckh

Â reghleckfkf f u{bnbqfàçh u{bnbqfàçh ke dhcew ke hutb kh ch nu`fr ke gfbzfw ke whl

Wfìkf ke whl _eghleckf,we {er welyre f ñn{blf terwçh kh ynu`bc dnfwj bcw{fnfkf ch ghlyu{fkhr Ul jefkdhce UWO yhke hdereger tfc{fèl. yhbw yhwwbobnb{f weyfrfr h æukbh kf ghcderácgbf peo khw whcw elb{bkhw yenh wbw{elf hyerfgbhcfn Yhr ezelynh. ul etec{h ke errh vue elb{e ul whl fh fyfreger cf {enf kh ghlyu{fkhr cçh werbf reyfwwfkh fh jefkdhce UWO


26

Ew{ukh ke gfwh Wuyhcjf vue h Cñgneh ke [egchnh`bf Ekugfgbhcfn *C[E(C[L" *C[E (C[L" hu f wegr e{frbf ke ekugfàçh keweae b cbgb fr h uwh kf whnuàçh ke ghcd erácgbf peo yfrf refnbqfàçh refnbqfàçh ke `rfckew reucbõew e funfw hcke hw yrh dewwhrew. yfnew{rfc{ew e {u{hrew cçh yhwwuel ezyerbácgbf yrâtbf yfrf u{bnbqfr h wertbàh#

Ew{ukh ke gfwh Fy÷w hw yrblebrhw uwhw kf derrflec{f. h uwuærbh we wec{bræ lfbw weùrh e yhkeræ yfwwfr f u{bnbqfr h evubyflec{h ke wuf yr÷yrbf wfnf hu keyfr{flec{h yfrf fgewwh fh wertbàh ke ghcderácgbf peo

Vue fàçh f evubye rewyhcwæten kf bcw{b{ubàçh yhkerbf {hlfr yfrf bcgec{btfr e fyhbfr h uwh khw regurwhw yhr ewwe yñonbgh8

Ew{ukh ke gfwh Fnùlfw wuèw{õew cew{e gfwh1

_eu{bnbqfr h lf{erbfn kh gurwh yfrf kbwwelbcfr h ghcjegblec{h whore ghcderácgbf peo# Hr`fcbqfr yfnew{rfw. {rebcflec{hw e kelhcw{rfàõew kf derrflec{f yfrf h yñonbgh nhgfn kh C[E(C[L e wegre{frbfw ke ekugfàçh# Lhc{fr ul ew{ñkbh ch nhgfn yfrf uwh kewwe yñonbgh1 Ul flobec{e yr÷yrbh ghl yewwhfn ewyegbf ewyegbfnbqfkh nbqfkh yfrf fyhbfr h uwh kh wertbàh ke ghcderácgbf peo peo yhkeræ kfr lfbw weùrfcàf fhw chthw uwuærbhw kf fynbgfàç fynbgfàçh# h#

Ezelynh ke gecærbh ke uwh1 UDWGfr F UDWGfr UDWGfr lhc{hu ul ew{ñkbh yfrf fyhbh éw fàõew ke EfK ghl hw weùbc{ ew regurwhw1 Vufkrh bc{erf{bth BP([EW *ppp#{ew#ghl#or"

Ezelynh ke gecærbh ke uwh1 UDWGfr Ch gfwh kf UDWGfr wçh u{bnbqfkhw tærbhw evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw yfrf refnbqfr etec{hw ke EfK1

Ghlyu{fkhr Ynfgf ke tìkeh ke ohf vufnbkfke1



WT@F. YGB Ezyreww CTBKBF 56? LO @eDhrge :;99 @W

Dbrepbre Lel÷rbf _FL1 ? @O Gïlerf lbcb KT ATG @R,KT799 @R,KT799 Jefkdhce Orb`j{




Vufkrh bc{erf{bth u{bnbqfkh yfrf dfgbnb{fr h lhtblec{h kh fyrewec{fkhr Ghl h vufkrh bc{erf{bth h fyrewec{fkhr cçh yregbwf dbgfr welyre yer{h ke ul ghlyu{fkhr hu wec{fkh el ulf lewf [floâl â u{bnbqfkh yfrf vue hu{rfw yewwhfw yhwwfl yfr{bgbyfr kf fyrewec{fàçh lfbw dfgbnlec{e F wfìkf ke ulf gïlerf ke fn{f vufnbkfke â ghceg{fkf é ec{rfkf dbrepbre kh ghlyu{fkhr Fwwbl. f blfèl èrfkf cçh yregbwf dbgfr nblb{fkf é vufnbkfke ke ulf peogfl F yhwwbobnbkfke ke uwfr ul {rbyâ {floâl bcdnuecgbf cf vufnbkfke kf blfèl

2?






Ul jefkdhce ke fn{f vufnbkfke â u{bnbqfkh yfrf yrhter lenjhr vufnbkfke ke æukbh e lfbhr ghcdhr{h yfrf h fyrewec{fkhr H ghlyu{fkhr u{bnbqfkh yhwwub fn{f gfyfgbkfke ke yrhgewwflec{h. lel÷rbf e jfrkpfre ke tìkeh. yhbw nbkf ghl yrhgewwflec{h ke tìkeh {fc{h yfrf ezbobàçh vufc{h yfrf gfy{urf *ec{rfkf dbrepbre" Nbcm yfrf ulf funf cf UDWGfr1 j{{y1((peoghcdrcyor(y6970::;;

Ezelynh ke gecærbh ke uwh1 UDU F UDU lhc{hu ul ew{ñkb h ke {rfcwlb wwçh e `rftfàçh yfrf fyhbh éw fàõew ke EfK EfK ghl hw weùbc{ew regurwhw1

Ezelynh ke gecærbh ke uwh1 UDU Ch gfwh kf Ucbterwbkfke Dekerfn ke Uoernïckbf *UDU" wçh u{bnbqfkhw tærbhw evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw yfrf refnbqfr etec{hw ke EfK1

Ghlyu{fkhrew Khbw nfy{hyw Ul ghl tbwçh ke jhw{ e hu{rh ghl tbwçh ke yfr{bgbyfc{e



Ghcezçh Dbrepbre Gïlerf lbcb KT ATG @R,KT799 @R,KT799 Jefkwe{ wel dbh furbgunfr yfrf h fyrewec{fkhr





F wfìkf ke ulf gïlerf ke fn{f vufnbkfke â ghceg{fkf é ec{rfkf dbrepbre kh ghlyu{fkhr Fwwbl. f blfèl èrfkf cçh yregbwf dbgfr nblb{fkf é vufnbkfke ke ulf peogfl F yhwwbobnbkfke ke uwfr ul {rbyâ {floâl {el bcdnuácgbf cf vufnbkfke kf blfèl Ul jefkwe{ furbgunfr wel dbh ke fn{f vufnbkfke â u{bnbqfkh yfrf yrhter lenjhr vufnbkfke ke æukbh e lfbhr ghcdhr{h yfrf h fyrewec{fkhr. fnâl ke dbgfr vufwe blyergey{ìten yfrf hw ewyeg{fkhrew Khbw nfy{hyw. yfrf vue h {âgcbgh {ecjf f tbwçh kh jhw{ el ul kenew *yfrf ghc{rhnfr {hkf f peo, funf". e hu{rh nfy{hy yfrf vue h {âgcbgh {ecjf f tbwçh ke yfr{bgbyfc{e Ghl bwwh h {âgcbgh yhke {er ulf tbwçh gnfrf ke {ukh h vue ew{æ fghc{egeckh cf peo,funf H nfy{hy vue ew{æ ghl f gïlerf ghceg{fkf yhwwub fn{f gfyfgbkfke ke yrhgewwflec{h. lel÷rbf e jfrkpfre ke tìkeh. yhbw nbkf ghl yrhgewwflec{h ke tìkeh {fc{h yfrf ezbobàçh vufc{h yfrf gfy{urf *ec{rfkf dbrepbre"


7 Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl 7 Yhkw ftfcàfkhw e evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw _h{ebrh ke f{btbkfkew [÷ybghw e ghcgeb{hw 

Tbwçh kh yerdbn ke Jhw{ kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ 

@erecgbfckh nfhu{w



Yhkw ftfcàfkhw



@rftfàçh ke wewwõew



Evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw



Ezelynh ke gecærbh ke uwh


Gfyfgb{fr h fnuch cf ghcdbùrfàçh e hyerfàçh ke ul flobec{e ke ghcderácgbf peo


29 lbcu{hw




Pbckhpw ZY1 

Bc{erce{ Ezynhrer



Dbredhz



Ynu`bc Dnfwj Ynfer

Jefkwe{ e peogfl


F{btbkfke 6 ‗ @erecgbfckh nfhu{w Ew{f f{btbkfke kete wer refnbqfkf el kuynf hu ch læzblh el `ruyhw ghl ; yfr{bgbyfc{ew Kf lewlf dhrlf vue cfw f{btbkfkew kf wewwçh ?. u{bnbqe ulf lævubcf yfrf we nh`fr ghlh jhw{ e cf hu{rf lævubcf ec{re ghlh ghctbkfkh el khbw orhpwerw kbderec{ew 6#

Fn{erce ec{re hw kbderec{ew kbderec{ew nfhu{w e ewghnjf ul yfrf ezegu{fr fw f{btbkfkew#

?#

Grbe ulf ulf g÷ybf ke ul nfhu{ yrâ,ezbw{ec{e yrâ,ezbw{ec{e e lhkbdbvue,h# Hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew cçh ketel ter f lhkbdbgfàçh kf g÷ybf kh nfhu{. whlec{e keyhbw ke yrhc{h#

Fc{ew ke ghctbkfr hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew e fyrewec{fkhrew. hu weaf. fc{ew kh bcìgbh kf reucbçh. grbe ul chth nfhu{ e ghcdbùre,h ke fghrkh ghl h nfhu{ kf dbùrf 61

Dbùrf 6


2;

25

F{btbkfke ? ‗ Yhk Yerùc{fw e _ewyhw{fw H jhw{ kete ghcdbùrfr e {ew{fr h yhk Of{e,Yfyh e Y$_ cf wfnf ke ghcderácgbf peo1  



Fwwhgbe ul yhk ke of{e,yfyh fh yhk Y$_= U{bnbqe h yhk ke of{e,yfyh e terbdbvue ghlh fw lecwfècw gje`fl ch yhk Y$_ e cçh fyfregel yfrf {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ecvufc{h h fyrewec{fkhr hu h jhw{ cçh yerlb{brel= [ew{e fw ducgbhcfnbkfkew kh yhk1 

Ectbe ulf rewyhw{f w÷ yfrf vuel yerùc{hu=



Ectbe f rewyhw{f ke ulf yerùc{f yfrf {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kf reucbçh=

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Ekb{e ulf yerùc{f fc{ew ke {hrcæ,nf yñonbgf

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24

; Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl ; Ynfch ghc{bcufkh ke gfyfgb{fàçh Wulærbh kf wewwçh Ynfch ke gfyfgb{fàçh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #2: #2: H yfyen kh fnuch # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #2: # 2: Wuyhr{e {âgcbgh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #22 # 22 Ew{ru{urf kh wuyhr{e# wuyhr{e # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #22 #22 @ubf ke hrbec{fàçh Kbkæ{bgh,Yekf`÷`bgf Kbkæ{bgh,Yekf`÷`bgf## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #699 #699 Lenjhrew yræ{bgfw # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #699 # 699 Kbgfw ke e{bvue{f # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #696 # 696 _ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Fgewwh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #69? #69? _ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Æukbh e tìkeh # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #69? #69? _ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #69; #69; _ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Blfèl kf {enf # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #695 #695 _ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Nbcuz # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #695 #695 _h{ebrh ke f{btbkfkew # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #690 #690 F{btbkfke 6 ‗ Fàõew ke yrâ,ghcerácgbf # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #69: #69: F{btbkfke ? ‗ Ynfch ke {rebcflec{h # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # #692 #692

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Ynfch ke gfyfgb{fàçh Dfwe 6 Dhrlfàçh ke Bcw{ru{hrew 49zLEG(WEKUG

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22

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Ynfch ghc{bcufkh ke gfyfgb{fàçh

699


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Lenjhrew yræ{bgfw Khbw ghlyu{fkhrew ketel wer u{bnbqfkhw1 

Etb{e ghcezõew wel dbh. yhbw cçh wçh ghcdbætebw yfrf ghcderácgbf Kewnbùe fw fynbgfàõew vue ghlyfr{bnjfl ofckf e vue ghcwhlel lub{h yrhgewwfle yrhgewwflec{h. c{h. ghlh Wmye. yhr ezelynh Bcw{ruf hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew f ec{rfrel cf wfnf ghl h yfkrçh

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696

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Kbgfw ke e{bvue{f Welyre lfc{ecjf h lbgrhdh ce el LUKH vufckh vufckh cçh ew{bter dfnfckh# Yhwbgbhce ghrr e{flec{e f gïlerf gïlerf yfrf gfy{urf kf blfèl#

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_elhter uwuærbh bckeweafkh Gnbvue ch chle kh yfr{bgbyfc{e bckeweafkh cf nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew. e ewghnjf _elhter yfr{bgbyfc{e wenegbhcfkh ch lecu Hyàõew kh Yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew#

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_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Æukbh e tìkeh

_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Æukbh e tìkeh

Yfr{bgbyfc{ew cçh ghcweùel hutbr

Fwweùre,we ke vue fw weùbc{ew hyàõew ew{çh wenegbhcfkfw1 Gfkefkh „Ghl thq , tær tærbhw bhw hrfkhrew hrfkhrew““ hu „ Ghl thq ,ul hrfkhr“

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697

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_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Æukbh e tìkeh Yfr{bgbyfc{ew cçh ghcweùel ghlyfr{bnjfr weu æukbh e tìkeh

Yhr yfkrçh. h Ghcceg{ Yrh w÷ yerlb{e vue jhw{w e fyrewec{fkhrew yhwwfl dfnfr e ectbfr tìkeh# H jhw{ yhke yerlb{br vue yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhwwfl dfnfr e ectbfr weuw tìkehw lukfckh hw kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw khw uwuærbhw# Yfrf yerlb{br vue ul yfr{bgbyfc{e ectbe tìkeh e thq. wenegbhce h chle kh yfr{bgbyfc{e ch yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew e gnbvue ch oh{çh Ghcgeker kbreb{h fh lbgrhdhce

_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Æukbh e tìkeh Yfrf yerlb{b yerlb{b r vue {hkh w ectbel tìkeh e thq1

Forf h lecu Hyàõew ch yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew Wenegbhce Ghcgeker kbreb{h fh lbgrhdhce f {hkhw Yfrf yerlb{b yerlb{b r vue ul yfr{bgbyfc{e ectbe tìkeh1

Wenegbhce h yfr{bgbyfc{e ch yhk Nbw{f ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew Forf h lecu Hyàõew Gnbvue el Fn{erfr kbreb{hw ftfcàfkhw khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew Ewghnjf f hyàçh Gïlerf e thq cf gfbzf ke kbænh`h


69;


_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Æukbh e tìkeh Leu tìkeh cçh fyfrege fyfrege vufckh ghl yfr{bnjh f gïlerf

Terbdbvue we f gïlerf ew{æ ketbkflec{e ynu`fkf ch ghlyu{fkhr# We thgá ynu`hu wuf peogfl keyhbw ke bcbgbfr h yhk Gïlerf e thq . bc{errhlyf h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke tìkeh e bcbgbe chtflec{e# H yfr{bgbyfc{e yhke {er ce`fkh h fgewwh kh Dnfwj Ynfer é gïlerf kh ghlyu{fkhr# Gnbvue ghl h oh{çh kbreb{h kh lhuwe el vufnvuer nu`fr kf ghcderácgbf peo e gnbvue el We{{bc`w yfrf ter fw ghcdbùrfàõew# Cf gfbzf ke kbænh`h gnbvue el Fnnhp #

_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Æukbh e tìkeh F gïlerf errfkf yhke ew{fr wenegbhcfkf#

Fgewwe h lecu1 _eucbçh @erecgbfr lbcjfw ghcdbùrfàõew Wenegbhcfr gïlerf

Terbdbvue we f gïlerf ew{æ weckh uwfkf yhr hu{rf fynbgfàçh#

_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h

_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h

Jæ ul `rfcke f{rfwh ec{re h {elyh k e ezeguàçh ezeguàçh ke ulf {fredf e h lhlec{h el vue â tbw{ f yenh yfr{bgbyfc{e# Degje {hkhw hw fynbgf{bthw cçh ewwecgbfbw e vue ghcwhlel regurwhw e ofckf. {fbw ghlh e,lfbn. gjf{w e b[ucew#

@erecgbfr lbcjfw  @erecgbfr Tæ fh lecu _eucbçh  ghcdbùrfàõew  Lbcjf tenhgbkfke ke ghcezçh e wenegbhce  Lbcjf KWN hu Lhkel Ghcdbùre f rewhnuàçh kh lhcb{hr kh fyrewec{fkhr yfrf 69?;z04: hu wuyerbhr e f vufnbkfke ke ghr yfrf 64 hu 7? ob{w#


695

_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Blfèl kf {enf F blfèl kf {enf fyrewec{f dfnjfw F blfèl kf {enf ew{æ bne`ìten

_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Blfèl kf {enf F blfèl kf {enf fyrewe fyrewec{f c{f dfnjfw We jhuter hu{rf afcenf whore ulf afcenf ghlyfr{bnjfkf. f æref hgun{f fyfrege yfrf hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew ghl fnjfw# Kebze f afcenf ghlyfr{bnjfkf welyre el yrblebrh ynfch#

F blfèl kf {enf ew{æ bne`ìten 



_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Blfèl kf {enf Ghcdbùre f rewhnuàçh kh lhcb{ hr kh fyrewec{fkhr yfrf 69?;z04: hu wuyerbhr#

Yerlb{f vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew yhwwfl ter el {enf gjebf h yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h# Wenegbhce f hyàçh _hnfr ch yhk ke ghlyfr{bnjflec{h yfrf vue hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew teafl f {enf cf rewhnuàçh hrb`bcfn e ghl ulf ofrrf ke rhnfèl#

Ghlyfr{bnje whlec{e hw fynbgf{bthw hu afcenfw keweafkfw fh bctâw kf {enf {hkf# H vue dfqer we f blfèl kf {enf ew{æ ohrrfkf hu bne`ìten yfrf hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew kur fc{e h ghlyfr{bnjflec{h kf lewlf8

We hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew {bterel ulf ghcezçh ræybkf. wenegbhce h lecu _eucbçh  K Kewelyecjh ewelyecjh e fyfrácgbf kf wfnf  H H{blbqfr {blbqfr ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke {enf e ewghnjf Blfècw ræybkfw hu Fn{f vufnbkfke

_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Nbcuz Ketbkh f dfn{f kh ghlyn elec{h Fkk,Bc fnùlfw ducgbhcfnbkfkew kh F khoe Ghcceg{ terwçh 0 cçh ducgbhcfl

[enf leu ghlyu{fkhr *kewm{hy. afcenfw afcenfw e fynbgf{bthw" fynbgf{bthw" Whnuàçh ke ghc{hrch ‗ @rftfr tìkeh el DNT DNT ghlhw yrhgekblec{hw ezegu{fkhw ghl ew{fw ducghcfnbkfkew Hu{rhw regurwhw ducgbhcfl yfrgbfnlec{e ghl h fuzìnbh yrâtbh ke ul lbgr h ghl Pbckhpw hu LfgHW *ketbkh é cegewwbkfke kh Fkk,Bc"

Ghlyfr{bn yfr{bnjfl jflec{h ke frvubthw ‗ Ceg Cegewwb{f ewwb{f ke ul lbgrh ghl Pbckhpw Pbckhpw hu LfgHW yfrf yfrf wuobr wuobr hw frvubthw frvubthw


_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Nbcuz Fw kebgbácgbfw cfw ucgbhcfnbkfkew kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ we ketel fh f{h kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{ cçh yhwwubr cf terwçh 0 ul ynu`bc Fkk,Bc yfrf Nbcuz *Ucbz"# Ezbw{e ulf fàçh auc{h é Fkhoe yfrf vue ewwfw ucgbhcfnbkfkew yfwwel f wer wuyhr{fkfw yhr ghlyne{h yenh Nbcuz cf yr÷zblf terwçh kh wh{pfre#

694


_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw1 Nbcuz



Hu{rfw ducgbhcfnbkfkew {rfofnjfl yfrgbfnlec{e ghl h fuzìnbh yrâtbh ke ul ghlyu{fkhr ghl Pbckhpw hu LfgHW *ketbkh é cegewwbkfke kh Fkk,Bc"

Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke khgulec{hw @rftfàçh ke wewwçh



Ghlyfr{bnjflec{h ke khgulec{hw ‗ Cegewwb{f ke ul ghlyu{fkhr ghl Pbckhpw hu LfgHW yfrf wuobr hw frvubthw yfrf f obonbh{egf ke frvubthw kh Fkhoe Ghcceg{# Yhw{erbhrlec{e hw frvubthw yhkel wer lhw{rfkhw cf peowfnf# @rftfàçh ke wewwçh ‗ Whlec{e yfrf èrfr h DN DNTT nhgfn â cegewwærbh ul ghlyu{fkhr ghl Pbckhpw hu LfgHW#


; Wewwçh ke fyreckbqfèl ; Ynfch ghc{bcufkh ke gfyfgb{fàçh


H ynfch ghc{bcufkh ke gfyfgb{fàçh



H yfyen kh fnuch



Lenjhrew yræ{bgfw



Kbgfw ke e{bvue{f



_ewhnuàçh ke yrhonelfw


Hr`fcbqfàçh. refnbqfàçh e {rebcflec{h ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew ke ulf ghcerácgbf Hr`fcbqfàçh. peo#


29 lbcu{hw *hw fnuchw wblunfrçh ulf wb{ufàçh refn ke ghcerácgbf peo"#




Pbckhpw ZY1 

Bc{erce{ Ezynhrer



Dbrehz



Ynu`bc Dnfwj Ynfer

Jefkwe{ e peogfl


69:

F{btbkfke 6 ‗ Fàõew ke yrâ,ghcderácgbf 6# Ew{f f{btbkfke kete wer refnbqfkf el kuynf# Hw fnuchw ketel refnbqfr hw yrhgekblec{hw vue fc{egekel f ghcderácgbf peo# Ul khw fnuchw weræ h yfnew{rfc{e vue revubwb{fræ h etec{h fh hu{rh fnuch vue â h jhw{# H jhw{ bræ grbfr ul e,lfbn yfrf ghne{fr {hkfw fw bchrlfàõew cegewwærbfw yfrf f ghcerácgbf peo1 

[byh ke etec{h *reucbçh. funf. fyrewec{fàçh ke [GG. wewwçh {brf,kñtbkfw"=



Jhrærbh ke bcìgbh e {ârlbch *uwh jhrærbh8"=



Yenh lechw 7 hrlfw ke ghc{f{h khw yfnew{rfc{ew *e,lfbn. lecwfèl bcw{fc{ïcef. {enehcew"=



Cñlerh ke yfr{bgbyfc{ew kh etec{h=



Wfnf f wer u{bnbqfkf=



Evubyflec{hw fuzbnbfrew *yrhae{hrew. lbgrhhcew. lbgrhhcew. nhuwf kb`b{fn e{g#"=



@rftfàçh kh etec{h=



Kbf ke {ew{e1 {ew{fr f errflec{f e fqer ulf wblunfàçh kh flobec{e refn=



Ezyerbácgbf vue h yfnew{rfc{e {el cf errflec{f Fkhoe Ghcceg{#

?# Ectbe ew{e e,lfbn grbfkh yfrf h rewyhcwæten yenh etec{h e yreecgjf hw kfkhw ghl bcdhrlfàõew jbyh{â{bgfw# Wçh cegewwærbfw lfbw bcdhrlfàõew8 Vufbw8

7# Grbe ul e,lfbn ke ghctb{e yfrf f ghcderácgbf peo ghl fw bcdhrlfàõew kh etec{h. yfrf {hkhw hw yfr{bgbyfc{ew#


692

F{btbkfke ? ‗ Ynfch ke {rebcflec{h El `ruyhw. hw fnuchw keterçh yreyfrfr ul ynfch ke {rebcflec{h kbregbhcfkh f ke{erlbcfkhw {byhw ke uwuærbhw kf derrflec{f1  





Uwuærbh dbcfn ‗ Yfr{bgbyfc{e ghctbkfkh vue fwwbw{bræ é ghcerácgbf peo# Ghc{eukbw{f ‗ Uwuærbh vue yhkeræ fuzbnbfr h fyrewec{fkhr f {brfr {hkh h yrhteb{h kf errflec{f yfrf yreyfrfr h lenjhr flobec{e yfrf f ghcerácgbf peo# Fyrewec{fkhr ‗ Yrhewwhr vue u{bnbqfræ f ghcerácgbf peo yfrf lbcbw{rfr wuf funf. fqer fyrewec{fàõew hu yfr{bgbyfr f{btflec{e ke ulf reucbçh# Lhkerfkhr *jhw{" ‗ Uwuærbh gfyfq ke u{bnbqfr {hkfw fw ucàõew kf Lhkerfkhr errflec{f. fwwbl ghlh hw evubyflec{hw fkbgbhcfbw# Â h fklbcbw{rfkhr kf ghcerácgbf peo. rewyhcwæten yhr bcbgbfr h etec{h. èrecgbfr yhkw kbwyhcìtebw. kebcbr nfhu{w. èrecgbfr fw yerùc{fw khw yfr{bgbyfc{ew *vufckh cegewwærbh". èrecgbfr wewwõew ke `ruyh e{g#

Yhc{hw vue ketel wer netfkhw el ghcwbkerfàçh cf yreyfrfàçh kh {rebcflec{h1 

Yhkw vue yhkel wer u{bnbqfkhw=



Lhkh ke u{bnbqfàçh khw yhkw=



Yrhgekblec{hww yfrf bcbgbfr Yrhgekblec{h bc bgbfr ulf reucbçh=




Bc{erfàçh ec{re h fyrewec{fkhr. jhw{ e yfr{bgbyfc{ew chw kberec{ew {byhw ke etec{hw=



E{bvue{f e ohfw yræ{bgfw=



Ghlh uwfr h wuyhr{e=



Yrhonelfw ghlucw=



Wevuácgbf kh ghc{eñkh fyrewec{fkh=



[elyh kh {rebcflec{h#

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