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ÇFJDOB ....................................................................................................d
DFJDOB JB ORKJXN_ &ukjrn +. &mksd"dokodÿf tknfÿgdok jbm tngktb..........................................................................&ukjrn . (kmnr futrdtdn jbm tngktb pnr +// arkgns jb prnjuotn ongbstdhmb.........................+3 &ukjrn ;. (kmnrbs prngbjdn jb mk ongpnsdodÿf jbm "rutn jb tngktb gkjurn...........................+3 &ukjrn 8. (kmnr futrdodnfkm gbjdn pnr okjk +// a jb tngktb rnin orujn.................................+3 &ukjrn -. ?bobsdjkjbs kghdbftkmbs jbm tngktb.........................................................................+ &ukjrn :. ?bobsdjkjbs bj)"doks jbm tngktb...............................................................................+ &ukjrn 3. ?bobsdjkjbs futrdodnfkmbs jbm tngktb....................................................................... &ukjrn 2. Jnsds jb "brtdmd$kodÿf rbongbfjkjk pkrk bm oumtdn jb tngktb bf dfbrfkjbrn pkrk mks jd"brbftbs btkpks jb jbskrrnmmn. 5ks ufdjkjbs jb mns jktns snf 1a jb futrdbftb 0 'bot)rbk 0 j#k............................................................................................................................................... &ukjrn 4. (kmnrbs jb rb"brbfodk suabrdjns pkrk mk dftbrprbtkodÿf jbm kf)mdsds jb btrkotn jb pkstk pkrk submns qub bst)f hkin bpmntkodÿf bf dfbrfkjbrn.................................................... &ukjrn +/. kstn prngbjdn bf antbrns pkrk okjk $nfk jb rdban...............................................;8 &ukjrn ++. &nfsugn '#jrdon pnr pmkftk pkrk mns trbs prdgbrns gbsbs jb jbskrrnmmn................;: &ukjrn +. &ngpnrtkgdbftn jb mks krdkhmbs gbjdjks..............................................................-/ &ukjrn +;. *nmuodnfbs futrdtdks utdmd$kjks jurkftb bm prdgbr trdgbstrb jb jbskrrnmmn.............-/ &ukjrn +8. <ÿrgumk jb "brtdmd$kodÿf utdmd$kjk pkrk bm prdgbr trdgbstrb jb jbskrrnmmn jbm oumtdn jb tngktb bf submn bf bm gufdodpdn jb Kokghkrn, ukfkiuktn. 5ns kmnrbs bst)f bprbskjns bf 1a. pkrk ufk supbr"dodb jb :;// g..........................................................................................-+ &ukjrn +-. &ngpkrkodÿf bftrb bm onfsugn jb futrdbftbs pnr 'k km prdgbr trdgbstrb...............- &ukjrn +:. =bamk jb 7rnarkgkodÿf &kmbfjkrd$kjk 6nrd$nftkm.................................................-8 &ukjrn +3. ?ùgbrn jb okiks bgpkokjks pnr onrtb jb koubrjn km tkgkûn jb "rutn...................:/
DFJDOB JB EDARXK_ //+.................................................................+
DFJDOB JB ENZNAXKEDK_
DFJDOB JBM KSBFJDOB Kpäfjdob +. Jbsordpodÿf jb kotddjkjbs jdkrdks........................................................................:2 Kpäfjdob . %hdokodÿf jb trkgpks pkrk pmkaks bf bm dfbrfkjbrn............................................3/ Kpäfjdob ;.
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+
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M* 4&9* Mks 5&?ks jbm t&0ktb s&f pdfkj& +&0pubstks' Rfk 5&?k t6pd+k jb mks pmkftks +umtdkjks tdbfb uf&s 9 +0' jb mkr2&! +&f uf 2rkf $&md&m& tbr0dfkm - 5kstk 2rkfjbs $&md&m&s mktbrkmbs! 3ub pubjbf! k su b%! sbr +&0pubst&s' M&s $&md&m&s bst/f rb+u8dbrt&s jb trd+&0ks! s&f usukm0bftb pb+d&mkj&s - m&8umkj&s drrb2umkr0bftb +&f 8&rjbs jbftkj&s' Mk dfd+dk+d:f jb mks 5&?ks sb pr&ju+b k dftbrkm&s jb 4 U j6ks! bf $uf+d:f jb mks +&fjd+d&fbs k08dbftkmbs' Bf 2bfbrkm! mk pr&ju++d:f jb 5&?ks - jb prd0&rjd&s $&mdkrbs ku0bftk +&f mk drrkjdk+d:f jdkrdk - +&f mk tb0pbrkturk! sdbfj& +&fstkftbs +ukfj& mks +&fjd+d&fbs k08dbftkmbs tk08df m& s&f (dfbt! E<<)' Bm bspbs&r jb mk 5&?k bs 0k-&r +ukfj& +rb+b +&f ufk bmbkjk dmu0dfk+d:f jdkrdk jurkftb mk $ksb jb mk dfd+dk+d:f - km prdf+dpd& jb su b1pkfsd:f' Oukfj& m&s $rut&s b0pdb%kf k +&0pbtdr +&f mks 5&?ks ?:bfbs p&r m&s $&t&ksd0dmkj&s! mk bm&+djkj jb +rb+d0dbft& jb mk 5&?k jds0dfu-b (.br@br@! E)'
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?.C K!"#$%&! %#)$&! < ")5$%$&! )#+*$&(*,&! $&( +* ")&,$$( 2*9& $2#)%* ?.C. D(/#)(*,#)& Rf dfbrfkjbr& bs ufk +&fstru++d:f +u-ks pkrbjbs - tb+5& s&f jb djrd& & pm/std+& trkfsm,+dj&! b0pmbkjk pkrk bm +umtd& - mk +&fsbrk+d:f jb pmkftks jbmd+kjks! & pkrk $&r%kr su +rb+d0dbft& $ubrk jb tb0p&rkjk' M&s dfbrfkjbr&s bst/f djbkj&s pkrk 0&jd$d+kr mk tb0pbrkturk! 5u0bjkj - mu% pkrk +&fsb2udr ks6 +&fjd+d&fbs k08dbftkmbs sd0dmkrbs k mks jb &tr&s +md0ks' Mk mu% fkturkm bs su$d+dbftb bf mk 0k-&r6k jb mks rb2d&fbs tb0pmkjks! pbr& bf mks %&fks j&fjb bm dfdbrf& &$rb+b p&+ks 5&rks jb s&m sb 5k+b fb+bskrd& fb+bskrd& bm su0dfdstr& su0dfdstr& jb mu% krtd$d+dkm! krtd$d+dkm! fb+bskrdk pkrk bm +rb+d0dbft& +rb+d0dbft& jb mks pmkftks' Bf brkf&! bm +km&r dftbrd&r sb k0df&rk tkpkfj& mks +rdstkmbrks! k8rdbfj& m&s &rd$ &rd$d+d d+d&s &s jb bft bftdmdmk+ k+d: d:f f & 5k+db 5k+dbfj fj& & +dr+ +dr+umk umkrr kdrb kdrb $rbs+ $rbs+& & 0bjd 0bjdkf kftb tb +ukm +ukm3u 3udb dbrr &tr& &tr& sdstb0k' sdstb0k' Bf dfdbrf&! +ksd t&j& bm +km&r jb uf dfbrfkjbr& dfbrfkjbr& sb &8tdbfb jb mk rkjdk+d:f s&mkr! pbr& tk08df sb pubjb pr&+urkr +km&r kjd+d&fkm k trks jb mk kspbrsd:f jb kp&r! +&f k2uk 5drdbfj&! & 0bjdkftb uf sdstb0k sdstb0k jb +dr+umk+d:f +dr+umk+d:f jb kdrb +kmdbftb' +kmdbftb' Mk 5u0bjkj sb pubjb +&ftr&mkr s&8rb t&j& k pkrtdr jb mk +kftdjkj jb k2uk jbm rdb2& - jb mk bftdmk+d:f'
?.C.; X#'& Bm rdb2& rdb2& bs mk kp&rtk+ kp&rtk+d:f d:f jb k2uk k2uk k mk tdbrrk tdbrrk p&r jdstdft jdstdft&s &s 0t&j& 0t&j&ss pkrk pkrk $k+dmd $k+dmdtkr tkr bm jbskrr&mm& jbskrr&mm& jb mks pmkftks' pmkftks' ;b prk+td+k bf t&jks k3ubmmks pkrtbs jbm 0ufj& j&fjb mks prb+dpdtk+d& prb+dpdtk+d&fbs fbs f& su0dfdstrkf su0dfdstrkf su$d+dbftb su$d+dbftb 5u0bjkj km subm& & 8dbf j&fjb sb 3udbrbf 3udbrbf d0pmkftkr +umtd&s jb rb2kj6&'
;
Bm &8?btd& jb m&s sdstb0ks jb rdb2& bs 8rdfjkr bm k2uk fb+bskrdk km +umtd& bf bm 0&0bft& &p&rtuf&' Mk +kftdjkj jb k2uk jdsp&fd8mb bf uf subm& tdbfb uf b$b+t& d0p&rtkftb bf mk pr&ju+tddjkj jbm tbrrbf& pkrk su us& k2r6+&mk' Zkft& bf bstkj& m63udj& +&0& 2ksb&s&! bm k2uk &+upk +br+k jb uf +ukrt& jbm &mu0bf jbm subm& pr&ju+td&! mk +kftdjkj jb k2uk rbtbfdjk jbpbfjb jbm tk0k=& - jb mk jdsp&sd+d:f jb m&s p&r&s bf bm subm&' Bftrb m&s sdstb0ks jb rdb2&! uf& 0u- b$d+dbftb bf bm us& jbm k2uk! bs bm rdb2& m&+kmd%kj& & 2&tb&' Rfk krdkftb jb bstb sdstb0k jb rdb2& bs bm $brtdrrdb2& (Hkr2ub=&! E)'
?.C.? E#)%))'*$( < (%)3#(%&! ;b bftdbfjb p&r $brtdrrd2k+d $brtdrrd2k+d:f :f mk kpmd+k+d:f kpmd+k+d:f jb sustkf+dks sustkf+dks futrdtdks futrdtdks (d&fbs 0dfbrkmbs! 0dfbrkmbs! +&0pubst +&0pubst&s &s &r2/fd &r2/fd+&s +&s!! dtk0df dtk0dfks! ks! k0df&/ k0df&/+dj +dj&s! &s! 0b?&rk 0b?&rkj&rb j&rbs! s! 8d&k+t 8d&k+tdk dkj&rb j&rbs! s! 5&r0 5&r0&f &fks ks!! /+dj /+dj&s &s!! bt+' bt+')) fb+b fb+bsk skrd rd&s &s p&r p&r m&s m&s b2b b2btk tkmb mbss bf bm k2uk k2uk jb rdb2 rdb2&! &! kpmd+/fj&m&s bf mk +kftdjkj! pr&p&r+d:f - $&r0k 3u60d+k rb3ubrdjk p&r mks pmkftks sb2,f su btkpk $bf&m:2d+k! rdt0& jb +rb+d0dbft& - k+u0umk+d:f jb 0ktbrdk sb+k! jb tkm 0kfbrk 3ub sb m&2rbf! k +&rt& - mkr2& pmk%&! kmt&s rbfjd0dbft&s +&f +kmdjkj - bm 0kftbfd0dbft& jb uf kjb+ukj& fdbm jb $brtdmdjkj 2bfbrkm bf bm subm& ( Fkkrr&! E<)' "bfb "bfbrk rkm0 m0bf bftb tb bf +umt +umtd d&s &s +&f +&f $brt $brtdr drrd rdb2 b2& & mk k8s& k8s&r+ r+d: d:f f bs pr&p pr&p&r &r+d +d&f &fkm km k mk +&f+bftrk+d:f jb futrd0bft&s bf mk s&mu+d:f 0/s pr:1d0k k mks rk6+bs - bst/ 0udf$mubf+dkj df$mubf+dkjk k p&r m&s $k+t&rbs $k+t&rbs jbm k08dbftb +&0& skmdfdjkj! skmdfdjkj! &1d2bfk+d:f! &1d2bfk+d:f! tb0pbrkturk - p[ jb mk s&mu+d:f futrdtdk! dftbfsdjkj jb mu%! $&t&pbrd&j&! tb0pbrkturk - 5u0bjkj jbm kdrb' Mks s&mu+d&fbs futrdtdks +&fsdjbrkf bf su $&r0umk+d:f kfd&fbs - +ktd&fbs bf sus $&r0ks k8s&r8d8mbs p&r mk pmkftk! 3ub s&f fdtr:2bf& +&0& fdtrkt& (FN E) - +&0& k0&fd& (F[ET)! $:s$&r& +&0& $&s$kt& jd/+dj& ([ 4SNE)! k%u$rb k%u$rb +&0& +&0& sum$kt sum$kt& & (;N4)! p&tksd& p&tksd& +&0& +ktd:f +ktd:f (ET)! +km+d& +&0& +ktd:f (Ok 4T) - 0k2fbsd& +&0& +ktd:f (G2 4T)' S&r &trk pkrtb! pkrk ufk 8ubfk k8s&r+d:f k8s&r+d:f jb futrd0bft&s futrd0bft&s - p&r m& tkft& pkrk uf 8ubf
8
+rb+d0dbft& jb mk pmkftk! jb8b b1dstdr ufk kjb+ukjk rbmk+d:f pr&p&r+d&fkm bftrb m&s d&fbs dftb2rkftbs jb mk s&mu+d:f futrdtdk' Bst& ,mtd0& +&fstdtu-b uf kspb+t& jb 0ujbmd+kj& b3udmd8rd&! -k 3ub mk k8ufjkf+dk jb uf jbtbr0dfkj& +ktd:f & kfd:f! pubjb sbr jbtbr0dfkftb jb mk jb$d+dbf+dk jb &tr&' M&s futrd0bft&s k8s&r8dj&s p&r mks rk6+bs s&f trkfsp&rtkj&s k mk pkrtb krbk jb mks pmkftks k trks bm 1dmb0k - rbjdstrd8udj&s bf mk pkrtb /rbk jb mk pmkftk p&r bm $m&b0k! k,f +ukfj& pubjb &+urrdr bm trkfsp&rtb jb futrd0bft&s bftrb m&s jd$brbftbs :r2kf&s jb mks pmkftks k trks jbm 1dmb0k bf pr&p&r+d:f 0u+5& 0bf&r' Jb k+ubrj& +&f mk bm&+djkj jb trkfsm&+k+d:f bf bf bm dftbrd&r jb mks pmkftks! 7rb2&fd (EC) +mksd$d+k k m&s futrd0bft&s bf trbs 2rup&s E' G:dm :dmbs bs (F (FFN FN ! FF[ ! Om! S[4SN _ S[SN4 ! T - G2T4 )! 4' Dftb Dftbr0 r0bj bjd& d&ss (;;N (;;N4 ! GfT4 ! 7bT4 ! *fT4 ! OuT4 - G&G&NT4 )! ' Df0: f0:dmdmbs bs (Ok (OkT4 - H[HN )' Bstk +mksd$d+k+d:f bs 0u- ,tdm bf mk djbftd$d+k+d:f jb s6ft&0ks jb jb$d+dbf+dk jb uf jbtbr0dfkj& futrd0bft&' S&r b?b0pm&! m&s s6ft&0ks jb $kmtk jb F sb 0kfd$dbstkf bf mks pkrtbs 0/s db?ks (5&?ks db?ks)! 0dbftrks 3ub m&s jb $kmtk jb H sb jkf bf mks pkrtbs 0/s ?:bfbs jb mk pmkftk (puft&s jb +rb+d0dbft&)'
?.C. F%)$( /#'#%*+ 2*+*($#*,* Bm 8kmkf+b& jb futrd0bft&s bs bm krtb jb 0kfdpumkr k t&j&s k3ubmm&s bmb0bft&s 0dfbrkmbs! &r2/fd+&s - k2uk! rb3ubrdj&s p&r m&s +umtd&s 5&rt6+&mks! &rjbfkfj& pr&p&r+d&fkfj& pr&p&r+d&fkfj& bst&s +&f$&r0b +&f$&r0b k mks fb+bsdjkjbs fb+bsdjkjbs $dsd&m:2d+ks $dsd&m:2d+ks jb mk pmkftk sb2,f su btkpk $dsd&m:2d+k! $&r0ks 3u60d+ks prb$brbf+dkmbs jbm +umtd&! +kftdjkj! +kmdjkj! p&+k jb kpmd+k+d:f - pr&p&r+d:f bftrb sd kjb+ukj&s (Fkkrr&! E)' Bm prdf prdf+d +dpd pd& & 8/sd+ 8/sd+& & jb mk futr futrd+ d+d: d:f f b2b b2btk tkmm 8kmk 8kmkf+b f+bkjk kjk bs bm 0&fd 0&fdt& t&rb& rb& jb m&s m&s bmb0bft&s 0dfbrkmbs bf k2uk! subm& - pmkftk utdmd%kfj& pkrk bst& ufk sbrdb jb kf/mdsds - t+fd+ks jb futrd+d:f tkmbs +&0& kf/mdsds jb subm&! kf/mdsds jb k2uk!
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kf/mdsds jb s&mu+d:f jbm subm&! kf/mdsds $&mdkr! kf/mdsds jb b1trk+t& +bmumkr jb pb+6&m& kf/mdsd kf/mdsdss 8r&0kt 8r&0kt&m: &m:2d+ 2d+&s &s bftrb bftrb m&s d0p&rt d0p&rtkft kftbs' bs' ;b pkrtb pkrtb jbm bstk8mb bstk8mb+d0 +d0dbf dbft& t& jb bst/fjkrbs - +&f+bftrk+d&fbs :ptd0ks pkrk +kjk tdp& jb kf/mdsds! +umtd& - btkpk $bf&m:2d+k bf j&fjb sb rb3udbrb mk k-ujk jb uf mk8&rkt&rd& bspb+dkmd%kj& +&f bm +ukm sb +kmd +kmd8rk 8rkf f b dftb dftbrp rprbt rbtkf kf +&f? +&f?uf uftk tk0b 0bft ftb b m&s m&s jd$b jd$brb rbft ftbs bs tdp&s tdp&s jb kf/m kf/mds dsds ds'' M&s pr&p:sd pr&p:sdt&s t&s 8/sd+& 8/sd+&ss jbm kf/mds kf/mdsds ds b2btk b2btkmm s&f mk prbjd+ prbjd++d: +d:f f jb $utur&s $utur&s pr&8mb0 pr&8mb0ks ks futrd0bftkmbs! bm 0&fdt&rb& pkrk +&f&+br mk jdf/0d+k futrd0bftkm - bm jdk2f:std+& pkrk bkmukr mks p&sd8mbs +kusks jb uf jbskrr&mm& $dsd&m:2d+& rbstrdf2dj& p&r km2ufk jb$d+dbf+dk! b1+bs& & pr&8mb0k jbm &rjbf futrd0bftkm' Dfd+dkm0bftb sb rbkmd%k +&0& prbrrb3udsdt& 8/sd+& uf kf/mdsds +&0pmbt& jb subm&! bm +ukm df+mu-k $brtdmdjkj! skmdfdjkj - pr&pdbjkjbs $6sd+ks! ks6 +&0& uf kf/mdsds 3u60d+& $6sd+& jbm k2uk jb rdb2&' Bf 8ksb k bst&s kf/mdsds sb rbkmd%k bm pr&2rk0k jb $brtdrrd2k+d:f - sb t&0k mk jb+dsd:f jb rbkmd%kr ufk $brtdmd%k+d:f jb $&fj& sd bs 3ub bm fdbm jb $brtdmdjkj dfd+dkm f& bs bm kjb+ukj& jb k+ubrj& k m&s rb3ubrd0dbft&s jbm +umtd&' Bm pr&2rk0k jb $brtdrrdb2& $brtdrrdb2& jb8br/ sbr rbkmd%kj& prbd& +&f&+d0dbft& +&f&+d0dbft& jb mk b1trk++d:f 0bjdk jb futrd0bft&s p&r t&fbmkjk! jurk+d:f jb btkpks $bf&m:2d+ks - k+u0umk+d:f jb 0ktbrdk sb+k! - bstb s&m& sbrdr/ jb 8ksb pkrk 3ub jurkftb bm trkfs+urs& jbm +umtd& sb rbkmd+bf m&s k?ustbs +&rrbsp&fjdbftbs sb2,f mk rbspubstk jbm +umtd& k mk kpmd+k+d:f jb +dbrt& rdt0& jb $brtdmd%k+d:f - km k+br+k0dbft& 3ub bstk $brtdmd%k+d:f tbf2k +&f m&s bst/fjkrbs :ptd0&s jb +&f+bftrk+d:f'
?.C.= Z$($*! ,# (%)$( /#'#%*+ !*,*! "*)* +* %&3* ,# ,#$!&(#! #( +&! !!%#3*! ,# 8#)%))'*$(. K+tukm0bftb b1dstbf fu0br&sks 5brrk0dbftks 3ub t+fd+&s - k2rd+umt&rbs jbjd+kj&s k mk $brtdrrd2k+d:f jb +umtd&s 5&rt6+&mks pubjbf utdmd%kr pkrk mmbkr k +k8& uf 0kfb?& kjb+ukj& jbm pr&+bs& jb $brtdrrd2k+d:f! bftrb mks 0/s d0p&rtkftbs sb bf+ubftrkf
:
K.- M&! *(5+!! ,# *'* ,# )#'& !&+$( ,# )#'& O&f&+dbfj& mks +krk+tbr6std+ks jb mks k2uks jb rdb2& sb pubjb kjb+ukr su p[! fbutrkmd%kfj& 8d+kr8&fkt&s! j&sd$d+kfj& m&s $brtdmd%kftbs jb k+ubrj& +&f sus +&ftbfdj&s - +&fsdjbrkfj& m&s bmb0bft&s bf b1+bs& pkrk rbju+dr su b$b+t& fb2ktd& 0&jd$d+kfj& kjb+ukjk0bftb m&s fdbmbs jb km2uf&s futrd0bft&s' S&r &trk pkrtb pubjb prbbrsb mk df+djbf+dk jb su +&0p&sd+d:f bf mk pbr0bk8dmdjkj jbm subm& bf $uf+d:f jb pkr/0btr&s +&0& su tb1turk - +kpk+djkj jb $d?k+d:f jb s&jd&' Bm +&ftbfdj& jb skmbs prbsbftbs bf bm k2uk jb rdb2& utdmd%kjks bf sdstb0ks jb rdb2& prbsurd%kj& pubjb prbsbftkr pr&8mb0ks jb prb+dpdtk+d&fbs - tkp&fk0dbft& jb 2&tbr&s ($:s$&r& +km+d&) sd bm trktk0dbft& prbd& k bstks f& bs bm +&rrb+t& (Hur2ub=&! E)'
H.- M&! *(5+!! ,# !#+& Skrk +&0prbfjbr mk pr&ju+tddjkj jbm subm&! sb jb8bf rb+&f&+br mks rbmk+d&fbs subm&pmkftk b1dstbftb' Km2uf&s jb m&s $k+t&rbs b1tbrf&s 3ub +&ftr&mkf bm +rb+d0dbft& jb mks pmkftks s&f kdrb! tb0pbrkturk! mu%! s&p&rtb 0b+/fd+&! futrd0bft&s - k2uk' Okjk uf& jb bmm&s k$b+tk bf $&r0k jdrb+tk bm +rb+d0dbft& jb mk pmkftk' Rf kjb+ukj& fdbm jb $brtdmdjkj jbm subm& bs dtkm pkrk uf subm& pr&ju+td&' Rf subm& $rtdm f& tdbfb fb+bskrdk0bftb 3ub sbr uf subm& pr&ju+td&! -k 3ub uf jrbfk?b dfsu$d+dbftb! dfsb+t&s! pmk2ks! sb3u6k - &tr&s $k+t&rbs pubjbf md0dtkr su pr&ju++d:f! k,f tbfdbfj& $brtdmdjkj kjb+ukjk (Hur2ub=&! E)' [k- +uktr& pkrtbs 8/sd+ks 3ub jb8br/f +&f$&r0kr uf 8ubf kf/mdsds jb subm& E' Kf/mdsds jb $brtdmdjkj ' Kf/mdsds 0d+r&8d&m:2d+&
4' Kf/mdsds jb b1trk+t& jb pkstk skturkjk (skmdfdjkj) ' Kf/mdsds $6sd+&
Mk dftbrprbtk+d:f jb m&s rbsumtkj&s bs jb bspb+dkm dftbrs! jb8dfj&sb k?ustkr m&s rbsumtkj&s +&f bm su$d+dbftb +rdtbrd& k2r&f:0d+&! bf 8ksb k mks +krk+tbr6std+ks jb mk m6fbk jb pr&ju++d:f p&r bstk8mb+br! +mksb jb subm&! tdp& jb +umtd& - b1trk++d:f 0bjdk jb futrd0bft&s p&r stb'
3
O.- M&! *(5+!! ,# +* !&+$( ,#+ !#+& M&s kf/mdsds jb s&mu+d:f jbm subm& k-ujkf k +&f&+br mk dftbrk++d:f bftrb mk jds&mu+d:f jb futrd0bft&s kpmd+kjk - bm subm& & sustrkt&! pbr0dtdbfj& brd$d+kr bm p[! mk +&fju+tddjkj bm+trd+k (O' B') - bmb0bft&s jb dftbrs bf 2bfbrkm' Mk s&mu+d:f jbm subm& bs bm dftbr0bjdkrd& futrdtd& bftrb bm +&0pmb?& k8s&r8bftb jbm subm& - mk pmkftk> mk +&0p&sd+d:f jb mk s&mu+d:f jbm subm& bs krdk8mb sb2,f bm tdp& jb subm&! mk rd3ub%k bf bmb0bft&s futrdtd&s ($brtdmd%k+d:f)! mk bstk+d:f! bm 2rkj& jb 5u0bjkj jbm subm&! bftrb &tr&s' Mk +kftdjkj jb bmb0bft&s jdsp&fd8mbs pkrk mks pmkftks jbpbfjbr/ jbm jbspmk%k0dbft& bf 0ksk jb mk s&mu+d:f! - jb mk jd$usd:f 0kftbfdjk bf mks +br+kf6ks jb mks rk6+bs p&r bm 2rkjdbftb jb +&f+bftrk+d:f pr&ju+dj& p&r bmmks (Hur2ub=&! E)'
J.- M&! *(5+!! 8&+*)#! < +&! *(5+!! ,# #:%)*$%& $#++*) ,#+ "#$1&+& !*/* Bm kf/mdsds jb mk pmkftk pubjb sbr +&fsdjbrkj& +&0& uf 0bjd& +m/sd+& jb +&ftr&m jb mk futrd+d:f - jb mk $brtdmd%k+d:f jb m&s b2btkmbs +umtdkj&s' Bm :r2kf& jb rb$brbf+dk +&0,f0bftb utdmd%kj& pkrk 5k+br bstb +&ftr&m! bs mk 5&?k' Mk rk%:f bdjbftb jb su 2bfbrkmd%k+d:f 8k?& bm f&08rb jb Jdk2f:std+& 7&mdkr dbfb jbm 5b+5& jb 3ub sb trktk jb mk pkrtb jb mk pmkftk 0/s $/+dm jb t&0kr' Bm kf/mdsds $&mdkr pr&p&r+d&fk df$&r0k+d:f s&8rb mk rbspubstk jb mk pmkftk k mk futrd+d:f b dfjd+k mks +&rrb++d&fbs fb+bskrdks pkrk &ptd0d%kr bm pr&+bs& jb $brtdrrd2k+d:f' Ks6 0ds0& sdrb +&0& 6fjd+b jb rb$brbf+dk +&0pkrktd& jb futrd+d:f' Zk08df! bf +dbrt&s +ks&s! pbr0dtb 5k+br uf sb2ud0dbft& jb mks rbsbrks jb mk pmkftk rbprbsbftkjks p&r bm p&r+bftk?b jb km0dj:f (Okjk56k! E)' S&r tkmbs rk%&fbs! bm jdk2f:std+& $&mdkr bs ufk jb mks t+fd+ks jb 0k-&r utdmdjkj pkrk bm 0kfb?& jb mk $brtdrrd2k+d:f bf m&s +umtd&s! m& 3ub b1pmd+k mk k8ufjkftb df$&r0k+d:f jdsp&fd8mb bf +ukft& k fdbmbs
2
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4
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=.? S)#!#($* < $&(%)&+ ,# #(8#)3#,*,#! Jurkftb bm pbrd&j& jb +rb+d0dbft& jbm +umtd& sb prbsbft& mk df+djbf+dk jb jdbrsk pmk2ks! 3ub $ub fb+bskrd& +&ftr&mkr pkrk bdtkr jds0dfu+d:f bf bm rbfjd0dbft&' Mks bf$br0bjkjbs! sus +krk+tbr6std+ks! - bm jk=& 3ub &+ksd&fkf s&8rb bm +umtd& sb dfjd+kf k +&ftdfuk+d:f! s&m& bf k3ubmmks sb0kfks j&fjb sb prbsbftkr&f pr&8mb0ks 7=E5BCK* =B5K&E?KJE* _#3*(* ; ")&2+#3*! ,#%#$%*,&! &E? J%C7? E<<
;:
E&%&')*81* . S)&2+#3*! )#+*$&(*,&! $&( J3"(' &88.
;dft&0kt&m&26k dsukm Gkr+5dtb% rbpbftdfk jb mk pm/ftumk +&f fb+r&sds bf bm +ubmm&' S&sd8mbs pkt:2bf&s jbm ju0pdf2 &$$> X`dznotnfdk! Euskrdug spp' - S`ytdug. S&sd8mbs +kusks 3ub &rd2dfkr&f bm pr&8mb0k J6ks kftbrd&rbs - p&stbrd&rbs km trkfspmkftb b1dstdbr&f +&fjd+d&fbs jb p&+k mu0df&sdjkj (fu8mkj&s - mmudk +&fstkftb)! m& +ukm $k&rb+d: bm jbskrr&mm& jb pkt:2bf&s prbsbftbs bf bm subm&' F& sb rbkmd%& ufk jbsdf$b++d:f jbm subm& prbd& km trkfspmkftb' Bf bm kpfjd+b sb sb=kmkf m&s k2r&3u60d+&s! j&sds - $b+5ks jb kpmd+k+d:f pkrk bm +&ftr&m jb bstb pr&8mb0k ($uf2ud+djks kpmd+kj&s bf bm 0bs jb ?ufd&)' Jd+5& pr&8mb0k rbpbr+utd: bf uf E jb mk p&8mk+d:f t&tkm jbftr& jbm dfbrfkjbr&'
_#3*(* ? ")&2+#3*! ,#%#$%*,&! ;dft&0kt&m&26k dsukm 0kr+5dtb% rbpbftdfk jb mk pm/ftumk +&f fb+r&sds - kjbm2k%k0dbft& bf bm tkmm&' S&ssd8mb pkt:2bf&s Jk0pdf2 &$$! ;3
X`dznotnfdk! Euskrdug spp. .
K pkrtdr jb mk kpmd+k+d:f prbbftdk - +&rrb+tdk bf mk sb0kfk 4! bm pr&8mb0k sb ktbfu: pbr& sd2ud: prbsbftb p&r m& 3ub $ub fb+bskrd& &trk kpmd+k+d:f jb td&$kfkt& 0btdmd+&! +kr8bfjk%d0 - pr&pk0&+kr8 +m&r5djrkt& bf mks j&sds dfjd+kjks bf bm kpfjd+b +&f mk $dfkmdjkj jb 0dfd0d%kr km 0/1d0& bm rdbs2& mktbftb jb +&ftk2d&' Mks pmkftks 3ub f& $ubr&f rb+upbrkjks +&f bm trktk0dbft& $ubr&f bmd0dfkjks E&%&')*81* ;. S)&2+#3* #( #+ $#++& ,# +* "+*(%*
jbm dfbrfkjbr& - p&stbrd&r0bftb sbpumtkjks bf ufk $&sk b1+musdk pkrk pmkftks 3ub prbsbftkf pr&8mb0ks $dt&skfdtkrd&s' Ntrk kmtbrfktdk bs +&m&+kr mks pmkftks 0ujk=kjks bf ufk 8&msk pkrk 3ub sb jbs5djrktbf - sbkf 3ub0kjks p&stbrd&r0bftb' ;dft&0kt&m&26k dsukm 0kr+5dtb% rbpbftdfk bf mk
5&?k jb mk pm/ftumk +&f puft&s
fb+r:td+&s' S&sd8mbs pkt:2bf&s 8k+tbrdks ”0kr+5dtb% 8k+tbrdkfk# ;6ft&0ks jb 0kr+5dtbs 8k+tbrdkfk Skrk su +&ftr&m sb trkt: jb bdtkr 2utk+d:f jb mks pmkftks p&r mk 0k=kfk pkrk jds0dfudr m&s rdbs2&s jb pr&pk2k+d:f jb mk 8k+tbrdk 0bjdkftb mk bmd0dfk+d:f jb rdb2&s bspbrtdf&' Bf bm kpfjd+b C sb sb=kmkf m&s k2r&3u60d+&s! j&sds - $b+5ks jb kpmd+k+d:f pkrk bm +&ftr&m jb bstb pr&8mb0k (Hk+tbrd+djks)' E&%&')*81* ?. G*)$4%#0 2*$%#)*(*.
_#3*(* )#!"#!%* ,# +* "+*(%* * *"+$*$&(#! ,# 8('$,*! ;2
Jb8dj& k m&s pr&8mb0ks 3ub prbsbftkr&f km2ufks pmkftks bf mk rk6% - kftb mk kpmd+k+d:f jb k2r&3u60d+&s
jb
0kfbrk
+&rrb+tdk! mk pmkftk rbsp&fjd: p&sdtdk0bftb 2bfbrkfj& rk6+bs p&r krrd8k jbm jk=& +kuskj& p&r m&s pkt:2bf&s
X`dznotnfdk!
Ju0pdf2 &$$ - Euskrdug spp' E&%&')*81* . S+*(%*! )#$"#)*,*!
$&( +* *"+$*$( ,# *')&13$&!.
_#3*(* ")&2+#3*! ,#%#$%*,&! ;dft&0kt&m&26k dsukm Fb+r&sds bf bm tkmm& S&sd8mbs pkt:2bf&s 8k+tbrdk' K++d:f t&0kjk bmd0dfk+d:f jb mks pmkftks +&f s6ft&0ks jb jk=&> mks pmkftks $ubr&f rbtdrkjks jbm dfbrfkjbr& +&f 0u+5& +udjkj&! trktkfj& jb f& +&ftk2dkr k mks pmkftks b+dfks k bmmks p&stbrd&r0bftb
sbpumtkjks
bf
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jbstdfkjk pkrk bsb $df! Ntrk kmtbrfktdk bs +&m&+kr mks pmkftks 0u- jk=kjks bf ufk 8&msk pkrk 3ub sb jbs5djrktbf - sbkf 3ub0kjks p&stbrd&r0bftb' ;b 0kftu& bf &8sbrk+d:f m&s E&%&')*81* =. F#$)&!&3#(%& ,#+ %*++& < )*06 Ssbujngnfk onrruaktk.
mu2krbs +br+kf&s bf j&fjb sb u8d+kr&f mks pmkftks +&f bm s6ft&0k +&f bm &8?bt& jb jbtbr0dfkr sd mk bf$br0bjkj kkf%k8k & sb jbtbf6k' Bm jbskrr&mm& jb0ksdkj& d2&r&s& jb mks pmkftks pr&pd+dkj& p&r uf b1+bs& jb fdtr:2bf& &+ksd&fk bm jbskrr&mm& jb 8k+tbrdks - bf pkrtd+umkr bstk bf$br0bjkj! p&r m& +ukm! bs k+&fsb?k8mb rbkmd%kr uf kjb+ukj& +&ftr&m jb mk $brtdmd%k+d:f' Rf +&ftbfdj& 8kstkftb bmbkj& jb p&tksd& bf bm subm& & s&mu+d:f futrdtdk k-ujkr/ k +&ftr&mkr mk bf$br0bjkj - jb8dj& k 3ub mk s&mu+d:f jbm subm& prbsbftk8k uf 8k?& +&ftbfdj& jb S&tksd& sb df-b+tkr&f 4 2 jb 4;N p&r trbs j6ks bf bm pbf,mtd0& bbft& jb rdb2& jbm j6k' Bf bm kpfjd+b C sb sb=kmkf m&s k2r&3u60d+&s! j&sds - $b+5ks jb kpmd+k+d:f pkrk bm +&ftr&m jb bstb pr&8mb0k (Hk+tbrd+djks)' Bm 6fjd+b jb jk=& jb bstb pr&8mb0k $ub jb uf 9'E '
_#3*(* > ")&2+#3*! ,#%#$%*,&! ;dft&0kt&m&26k dsukm Fb+r&sds bf bm tkmm& S&sd8mbs pkt:2bf&s Bf 8ksb k uf kf/mdsds rbkmd%kj& p&r bm Obftr& jb ;kfdjkj .b2btkm jb "ukfk?ukt& (OB;K.B") mk 8k+tbrdk prbsbftb bf bm dfbrfkjbr& $ub djbftd$d+kjk +&0& Ssbungnfk onrru!ktk ”Gjumk Fb2rk#' Bm rbst& jb mks sb0kfks sb prbsbftkr&f md2br&s pr&8mb0ks - mks s&mu+d&fbs k bmm&s sb 0ubstrkf bf m&s kpfjd+bs ! ! C! < - ' Bf uf 8kmkf+b $dfkm! jurkftb m&s trbs 0bsbs jb trk8k?&! m&s pr&8mb0ks $dt&skfdtkrd&s rbpbr+utdbr&f bf ufk jds0dfu+d:f jb pmkftks +br+kfks km 9'C m& +ukm rbprbsbft: ufk prjdjk jb E9 pmkftks bf t&j& bm dfbrfkjbr&' 8/
=. G&(%&)#& (%)3#(%*+ K pkrtdr jb mk sb0kfk < sb dfd+d: bm 0&fdt&rb& futrd0bftkm jb mks pmkftks - jbm subm& pkrk +&f bmm& k?ustkr bm +&ftbfdj& jb futrd0bft&s prbsbftbs bf mk s&mu+d:f pkrk $brtdrrdb2& 3ub sb prbpkr: sb0kfkm0bftb' Bf mk 7&t&2rk$6k C! < - sb 0ubstrk bm tu8& jb b1trk++d:f! sbfs&rbs - bm 0ktbrdkm utdmd%kj& pkrk mks jbtbr0dfk+d&fbs jb +k0p& rbkmd%kjks pkrk bm 0&fdt&rb& futrd0bftkm'
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+*! 3#!%)*! ,# !&+$( ,# !#+& *(*+0*,*! "*)* #+ (/#)(*,#)&.
Bm tu8& jb b1trk++d:f jb s&mu+d:f jb subm& jb8b +&m&+krsb bf uf mu2kr j&fjb sb bf+ubftrb bf +&0pbtbf+dk +&0pmbtk (bftrb j&s pmkftks - bftrb j&s 2&tbr&s s&8rb mk +dftk jb rdb2&) +&f bm &8?bt& jb b1trkbr ufk s&mu+d:f 3ub bstb +br+kfk km /rbk rkjd+umkr jb mks pmkftks - sbk rbprbsbftktdk'
8+
E&%&')*81* >. _#(!&)#! "&)%5%+#! 3*)$* @&)2* _&,&6 S&%*!& < F%)*%&! %+0*,&!
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E&%&')*81* C. D(!%)3#(%&! %+0*,&! "*)* 3&(%&)#& (%)3#(%*+ !#3*(*+ ,#+ $+%/&.
K +&ftdfuk+d:f sb rbp&rtkf m&s jkt&s jbm 0&fdt&rb& futrd0bftkm! B1trk+t& +bmumkr jb pb+6&m& (BOS) - jb s&mu+d:f jbm subm& pkrk jd$brbftbs sb0kfks! 0ds0&s 3ub $ubr&f +&0pkrkj&s +&f m&s rkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk rbp&rtkj&s p&r Okstbmmkf&s (499)'
_#3*(* >
8
Btkpk $bf&m:2d+k k $m&rk+d:f Kf/mdsds jb s&mu+d:f jb subm& 0b3 ME ;b+t&r FFN 4' 9'< 'E 9' Sr&0bjd& '9 9'C
Fk ' '4 '
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk s&mu+d:f jb js 0E OB subm& E'< E' E'
B1trk6jk p&r tu8&s jb su++d:f F U FN k 0b3 M E 4 k 0b3 M E
Mk s&mu+d:f jb subm& prbsbft: ufk jb$d+dbf+dk 0&jbrkjk jb fdtr:2bf& - ufk 2rkf jb$d+dbf+dk bf p&tksd&' Kf/mdsds jbm B1trk+t& Obmumkr jb Sb+6&m& (BOS) ;b+t&r
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk BOS
pp0 F U FN
C
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Sr&0bjd&
E
49 9 C 4C 9
F U FN
S 99 k 99 pp0 999 k 999
pp0
Mk pmkftk prbsbft: uf 8ubf fdbm jb fdtr:2bf& bf mk skdk! sb prbsu0b 3ub mk krdbjkj +kd0/f bs 0u- b$d+dbftb pkrk rbs+ktkr bm fdtr:2bf& prbsbftb bf bm subm&' Mk pmkftk prbsbft: fdbm 8k?& jb p&tksd& bf mk skdk' Bf 8ksb k m&s rbsumtkj&s kftbrd&rbs sb df-b+tkr&f 4 2' jb 4;N jurkftb trbs j6ks pkrk dftbftkr su8dr bm fdbm jb p&tksd& bf mk s&mu+d:f jbm subm& - prdf+dpkm0bftb bf mk pmkftk'
8;
_#3*(* C Btkpk $bf&m:2d+k k $m&rk+d:f Kf/mdsds jb subm& Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk s&mu+d:f jb js 0E Fk OB subm& '< 4'9 '< 4'9
0b3 ME FFN '9 '9 Sr&0bjd& '9 '9 ;b+t&r
B1trk6jk p&r tu8&s jb su++d:f F U FN k 0b3 ME
4 k 0b3 ME
Bm +&ftbfdj& jb p&tksd& km+kf%: uf 8ubf fdbm pbr& $ub fb+bskrd& su8dr su +&f+bftrk+d:f bf bm subm& pkrk jbtbfbr k mk bf$br0bjkj prbsbftb bf km2ufks pmkftks (Ssbungnfk onrru!ktk 0b?&r +&f&+djk +&f bm f&08rb jb 0jumk fb2rk)' Bstk k++d:f $ub rbkmd%kjk tbfdbfj& +&0& rb$brbf+dk mks rb+&0bfjk+d&fbs rbp&rtkjks p&r Hmkf+krj (E) bf su md8r&#bf$br0bjkjbs jbm t&0ktb#' Kf/mdsds jbm B1trk+t& Obmumkr jb Sb+6&m& (BOS) ;b+t&r
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk BOS
pp0 F U FN
4
Sr&0bjd&
9
49 9 49 9 4 9
F U FN
S 99 k 99 pp0 999 k 999
pp0
Bm +&ftbfdj& jb fdtr:2bf& rbsumt& 8k?& tkft& bf mk s&mu+d:f jbm subm& +&0& bf bm BOS pbr& f& sb jb+djd: ku0bftkr jb8dj& k mk prbsbf+dk jb mk 8k+tbrdk'
88
;b df-b+tkr&f k trks jbm sdstb0k jb rdb2& 4 2' jb ;um$kt& jb p&tksd&! 49 2r' jb ;um$kt& jb 0kf2kfbs& (Gf;N ) - 49 2r' jb ;um$kt& jb %df+ (*f;N ) jurkftb trbs j6ks +&ftdfu&s' ;b rbkmd%: ufk df-b++d:f 6k rdb2& jb 99 2r' jb /+dj& 8:rd+& - 4' 2' jb @bmktb1 0umtd -k 3ub mks pmkftks prbsbftkf ufk md2brk sdft&0kt&m&26k dsukm bf jb$d+dbf+dk jb 0d+r&futrdbftbs' ;b &8sbr& ufk +m&r&sds bf mks 5&?ks ?:bfbs' ;b kpmd+: k%u$rb bf p&m& bf mks pkrtbs j&fjb 5k bftrkj& k2uk jb mmudk - sb bf+ubftrk 0u- 5,0bj& +&f bm &8?bt& jb prbbfdr mk kpkrd+d:f jb 5&f2&s' Ntrk su2brbf+dk bs kpmd+kr 5djr:1dj& jb +km+d& +&f bm &8?bt& jb +k08dkr bm p[ - bdtkr bm +rb+d0dbft& jb 5&f2&s - 8k+tbrdks'
_#3*(* Btkpk $bf&m:2d+k C k $m&rk+d:f Kf/mdsds jb ;ubm& 0b3 ME js 0E ;b+t&r OB FFN Fk E' E'9 '< E'< 4' 9' E' Sr&0bjd& 4'E E'9 '< E'C
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk s&mu+d:f jb subm&
B1trk6jk p&r tu8&s jb su++d:f F U FN k 0b3 ME
4 k 0b3 ME
Mk s&mu+d:f jb subm& prbsbft: ufk jb$d+dbf+dk $ubrtb jb fdtr:2bf&' Bm fdbm jb p&tksd& $ub 8k?& fubk0bftb! p&r tkft& $ub fb+bskrd& su8dr su +&f+bftrk+d:f bf bm subm&! pkrk bmm& sb df-b+tkr&f E 2' jb 4;N jurkftb trbs j6ks Kf/mdsds jbm B1trk+t& Obmumkr jb Sb+6&m& (BOS)
8-
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk BOS
pp0 ;b+t&r F U FN 49 4 9 49 4 9 4 Sr&0bjd& 4 9
S E E
F U FN
99 k 99
pp0
999 k 999
pp0
S
499 k 99
pp0
F& sb ku0bft& bm +&ftbfdj& jb fdtr:2bf& bf mk s&mu+d:f futrdtdk jb8dj& k 3ub mk pmkftk prbsbftk8k uf 8ubf +&ftbfdj& jb fdtr:2bf& bf skdk ks6 +&0& bm jb b1prbskr uf +rb+d0dbft& 0u- d2&r&s&'
_#3*(* 7 Btkpk $bf&m:2d+k < k $m&rk+d:f Kf/mdsds jb ;ubm& ;b+t&r Sr&0bjd&
0b3 ME F F FN k 9' ' E' 4 9' C' 4' C 9 9' ' 4'4 E
js 0 SN
E
OB
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E'C
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk s&mu+d:f jb subm& b1trk6jk p&r tu8&s jb su++d:f'
F U FN k 0b3M E
4 k 0b3ME
Mk s&mu+d:f jb subm& prbsbftk ufk jb$d+dbf+dk $ubrtb jb fdtr:2bf&' Bm fdbm jb p&tksd& 5k km+kf%kj& uf fdbm 0u- 8k?& fubk0bftb! p&r tkft& bs fb+bskrd& su8dr su +&f+bftrk+d:f bf bm subm& 0bjdkftb mk kpmd+k+d:f jb 4 2' jb 4;N jurkftb trbs j6ks +&ftdfu&s' 8:
Kf/mdsds jbm B1trk+t& Obmumkr jb Sb+6&m& (BOS) pp0 F U FN E9 9 49 499 9 99 Sr&0bjd& 4<9 9 ;b+t&r
F U FN
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk BOS S 99 k 99
pp0
999 k 999
pp0
S
499 k 99
pp0
Bf bst&s 0&0bft&s mk pmkftk f& prbsbft& jb$d+dbf+dk kpkrbftb jb p&tksd&! pbr& $ub fb+bskrdk mk kpmd+k+d:f jb 4;N pkrk bdtkr 3ub su +&ftbfdj& jds0dfu-k bf mk skdk jb mk pmkftk'
_#3*(* Btkpk $bf&m:2d+k O&sb+5k' k $m&rk+d:f Kf/mdsds jb ;ubm& ;b+t&r Sr&0bjd&
Gb3 ME j; 0E OB FFN Fk SN '4 9' 'E '4 4'4 '4
9' 'E '4
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk s&mu+d:f jb subm& b1trk6jk p&r tu8&s jb su++d:f'
4'4
F U FN k 0b3 ME 83
4 k 0b3 M E
Kf/mdsds jbm B1trk+t& Obmumkr jb Sb+6&m& (BOS) Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk BOS
Sp0 F U FN <9 4 9 9 4 9 C9 Sr&0bjd& 4 9 ;b+t&r
S CE CE CE
F U FN
99 k 99
pp0
999 k 999
pp0
S
499 k 99
pp0
Bm fdbm jb p&tksd& km+kf%: uf fdbm 0u- 8k?& bf mk s&mu+d:f jbm subm&! pbr& bf mk pmkftk sb bf+ubftrk bf ufk +&f+bftrk+d:f kjb+ukjk! p&r m& tkft& sb jb+djd: f& kpmd+kr p&tksd& b1trk km kjd+d&fkj& bf mk s&mu+d:f futrdtdk' Bm fdtr:2bf& bf mk pmkftk sb &8sbr: bf uf rkf2& k+bptk8mb p&r m& +ukm sb jb+djd: f& 5k+br ufk kpmd+k+d:f b1trk k mk s&mu+d:f futrdtdk' Bm $:s$&r& sb &8sbr: bf uf rkf2& 0u- 8k?& bf mk pmkftk! 0dbftrks 3ub bf bm subm& sb bf+ubftrk bf uf rkf2& su$d+dbftb! jb8dj& k bst& - k 3ub bm p[ jb mk s&mu+d:f futrdtdk jb86k bmbkrsb uf p&+& sb jb+djd: +k08dkr jb /+dj& $&s$:rd+& ([ SN) k $&s$kt& 0&f&p&tksd+& ([4SN) +&0& $ubftb jb $:s$&r&'
_#3*(* ; Btkpk $bf&m:2d+k O&sb+5k' k $m&rk+d:f
82
Kf/mdsds jb ;ubm& Gb3 ME js 0E Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk s&mu+d:f jb ;b+t&r FFN Fk SN OB subm& 'E 'E -- -- 4'C -- -Sr&0bjd& . ;. ?. B1trk6jk p&r tu8&s jb su++d:f' F U FN k 0b3 M E
4 k 0b3 M E
K pkrtdr jb k3u6 sb k+djd$d+: kmtbrfkfj& 4 j6ks +&f /+dj& $&s$:rd+& - 4 j6ks +&f /+dj& sum$,rd+& jb8dj& k 3ub mk prdf+dpkm $ubftb jb $:s$&r& k pkrtdr jb bstb 0&0bft& sbr6k bm $&s$kt& 0&f&p&tksd+& ([ 4SN) Kf/mdsds jbm B1trk+t& Obmumkr jb Sb+6&m& (BOS) Sp0 F U FN S 49 S)&3#,& ; C ;b+t&r
F U FN
Xkf2&s jb su$d+dbf+dk pkrk BOS
99 k 99
pp0
999 k 999
pp0
S
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