1
MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM QUÍMICA DE ALIMENTOS CURSO DE BACHARELADO EM QUÍMICA DE ALIMENTOS DISCIPLINA DE SEMINÁRIOS EM ALIMENTOS ALIMENTOS
PROCESSAMENTO DE SORVETES
LISÂNIA DE PAULA PAULA SANTOS XAVIER XAVIER
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LISÂNIA DE PAULA PAULA SANTOS XAVIER
PROCESSAMENTO DE SORVETE
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5
Resumo
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7
Lista de Tabelas
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8
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9
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)o/;el,e/to" ,-o& .&o.o&79o *e 4;0 !e )o/;el&4" )o, ,-o& /,e&o *e .e30e/o! )&-!t-!8 O & -/)o&.o&*o *0&/te o 't-,e/to" )o,0,e/te )(,*o o2e&0," to&/ o !o&2ete le2e" ,)-o e !'o&o!o GMADRID"K%%J8 A 6'&-)79o e o &,:e/,e/to *o! l-,e/to! )&&et, !e,.&e &-!)o! ,-)&o'-ol;-)o!8 No -/t0-to *e .&ote;e& !*e *o! )o/!0,-*o&e! e e2-t& lte&7e! /9o *e!e<*! /o! l-,e/to!" *e2e!e 0t-l-:& 0, .&o)e*-,e/to *e el'o&79o (-;-+/-) e, to*! ! !0! et.!8 O! &-!)o! .&.&-o! 6'&-)79o &te!/l e -/*0!t&-l *e !o&2ete! e!t9o &el)-o/*o! )o, o! *-2e&!o! -/;&e*-e/te! 0t-l-:*o! e, !0 el'o&79o8 E!t! ,t&-!.&-,!" .&-/)-.l,e/te ! &-)! e, .&ote1/!" )o,o o! o2o! e le-te" o6e&e)e, o! ,-)&o&;/-!,o! )o, lt! e=-;+/)-! Ge/t&e ! 30-! !e e/)o/t&, ,-o&- *! ')t&-! .to;+/-)!J" o.o&t0/-**e .& !e ,0lt-.l-)&e, &.-*,e/te8 O! l-,e/to! 30e /9o !9o t9o &-)o! /0t&-t-2,e/te t,', .o*e, e!t& )o/t,-/*o!8 No B&!-l" le;-!l79o !/-t4&- *ete&,-/ )o,o o'&-;t&-o o t&t,e/to t&,-)o * ,-!t0& *o! ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! el'o&*o! )o, .&o*0to! *e l)t-)1/-o! o0 o2o! GBRASIL" K%%%J8 E,'o& o B&!-l !e< 0, .1! t&o.-)l *et, '-=o! 1/*-)e! *e )o/!0,o *e !o&2ete G?" l-t&o!.e!!o/oJ" .o-! o )o/)e-to *e 30e o !o&2ete 0, .&o*0to *e )o/!0,o e=)l0!-2o *0&/te o! ,e!e! *e 2e&9o -/* ,/t-*o8 No! E!t*o! U/-*o!" ,*- *e )o/!0,o # l-t&o!8 No! .1!e! /&*-)o!" &e2el!e 30e -/6l0+/)- *o (4'-to l-,e/t& .o*e !o'&e!!-&!e o )l-, )o, '-=! te,.e&t0&!" .&e*o,-//te *0&/te o /o8 A! .o!!-'-l-**e! *o ,e&)*o /)-o/l .o*e, t,', !e& /ot*! /! 2e/*! *e !o&2ete / lt te,.o&* G!ete,'&o ,&7oJ" 30/*o !9o )o/!0,-*o! )e&) *e $ * .&o*079o *o /o GABIS" #$$@J8 Te/*o e, 2-!t )&e!)e/te .&o*079o *e !o&2ete! /o B&!-l e !e0 0,e/to *e )o/!0,o /o! lt-,o! /o!" o .&e!e/te t&'l(o te, )o,o o'
11
#8 Re2-!9o *e l-te&t0& #8K el*o! )o,e!t12e-! #8K8K H-!t&- *o So&2ete O! !o&2ete! !9o l-,e/to! e/30*&*o! / )te;o&- *e ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! e !0 o&-;e, .&e!e/t *-2e&!! 2e&!e!" .o&t/to" *-61)-l !'e& )o, .&e)-!9o o&-;e, e=t *e!t -;0&-8 O .&-,e-&o &elto !o'&e o !o&2ete *t *e ,-! *e ,-l /o! t&4!" e te, !0 o&-;e, /o O&-e/te8 O! )(-/e!e! )o!t0,2, .&e.&& 0, .!t *e le-te *e &&o: ,-!t0&*o /e2e" l;o .&e)-*o )o, t0l &!.*-/(" e l;0/! .e!30-!*o&e! 6-&,, 30e ele! t,', )&e!)e/t2, !0)o *e 6&0t! e ,el8 O )o/!0,o *e !o&2ete el'o&*o )o, le-te 6o- -/t&o*0:-*o / It4l-" .&-,e-&o .1! te& e!!e l-,e/to / E0&o." *e o/*e !e e=./*-0" t 30e o! -/;le!e! o le2&, .& o! E!t*o! U/-*o!" /o 30l *o-! 6to! -,.o&t/te! o)o&&e&, .& to&/& o .&o*0to l-,e/t1)-o -/* ,-! .o.0l&5 e, K@K" W)o' F0!!el '&e .&-,e-& 64'&-) *e !o&2ete! *o ,0/*o" e .el .&-,e-& 2e:" o -)e )&e,Y 6o- .&o*0:-*o e, ;&/*e 30/t-**e e o !e;0/*o 6to 30e ,0*o0 (-!t&- *o !o&2ete 6o- -/2e/79o * &e6&-;e&79o ,e)>/-)" 6)-l-t/*o o )e!!o *o .&o*0to .e!!o! 30e ,o&2, e, l0;&e! 30e/te! e *-!t/te! GABIS" #$$@J8 É .&o242el 30e o! ;el*o! /9o te/(, !-*o -/2e/t*o! e, 0, /-)o *-" ,! .o& 0, .&o)e!!o *e /o! e e, *-6e&e/te! )0lt0&! e0&o.-! e o&-e/t-!8 O .&e)-,e/to * )!30-/( .o!!0- *0! 2e&!e!5 0, *e 30e te&- !0&;-*o e, K@% / It4l-" e o0t& 30e *-: 30e el 6o- -/2e/t* e, K%$? /o! E!t*o! U/-*o!8 O .-)ol .&e)e0 / It4l- /o -/1)-o *o !)0lo XX8 A .&-,e-& !o&2ete&- '&!-le-& *t *e K@" 30/*o 0, /2-o ,e&-)/o .o&to0 /o R-o *e W/e-&o )o, #$ to/el*! *e ;elo8 Do-! )o,e&)-/te! )o,.&&, o )&&e;,e/to e .!!&, 2e/*e& !o&2ete! *e 6&0t!8 N .o)" /9o (2- )o,o )o/!e&2& o !o&2ete ;el*o" .o& -!!o ele t-/( 30e !e& )o/!0,-*o lo;o .! o .&e.&o GABIS" #$$@J8
12
E2ol0-/*o .!!o! )0&to!" e!t ;0lo!e-, ! te2e *-!t&-'0-79o /o .1! e, e!)l -/*0!t&-l e, K%?K" 30/*o 6o- 60/** / )-**e *o R-o *e W/e-&o U8S8 H&!o/ *o B&!-l" /o! ;l.e! l0;*o! * 6l-* 64'&-) *e !o&2ete! to P&eto8 Se0 .&-,e-&o l/7,e/to" <4 )o, o !elo -'o/" 6o- o E!-'o/8 At0l,e/te .o!!01,o! 0, ;&/*e 30/t-**e *e !o&2ete&-! e!.l(*! e, to*! ! )-**e!" *o l-to&l o -/te&-o&8
#8K8# De6-/-79o e Cl!!-6-)79o A A;+/)- N)-o/l *e V-;-l>/)- S/-t4&- GANVISAJ !e;0/*o Po&t&- /Z %" *e # *e '&-l *e K%%% *e6-/e )o,o ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! o! .&o*0to! l-,e/t1)-o! o't-*o! .&t-& *e 0, e,0l!9o *e ;o&*0&! e .&ote1/!" )o, o0 !e, *-79o *e o0t&o! -/;&e*-e/te! e !0'!t>/)-!" o0 *e 0, ,-!t0& *e 4;0" 7)&e! e o0t&o! -/;&e*-e/te! o0 !0'!t>/)-! 30e te/(, !-*o !0',et-*! o )o/;el,e/to" e, )o/*-7e! t-! 30e ;&/t, )o/!e&279o *o .&o*0to /o e!t*o )o/;el*o o0 .&)-l,e/te )o/;el*o *0&/te &,:e/;e," o t&/!.o&te e e/t&e; o )o/!0,o GBRASIL" K%%%J8 O! ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-!" !e;0/*o B&!-l GK%%%J !9o )l!!-6-)*o! 30/to )o,.o!-79o '4!-) e,5 !o&2ete! *e )&e,e" 30e !9o o! .&o*0to! el'o&*o! '!-),e/te )o, le-te e o0 *e&-2*o! l4)teo! e o0 ;o&*0&! )o,e!t12e-!" .o*e/*o !e& *-)-o/*o *e o0t&o! -/;&e*-e/te! l-,e/t&e! !o&2ete! *e le-te" 30e !9o o! .&o*0to! el'o&*o! '!-),e/te )o, le-te e o0 *e&-2*o! l4)teo!" .o*e/*o !e& *-)-o/*o! *e o0t&o! -/;&e*-e/te! l-,e/t&e! !o&2ete!" 30e !9o o! .&o*0to! el'o&*o! '!-),e/te )o, le-te e o0 *e&-2*o! l4)teo! e o0 o0t&! ,t&-!.&-,! l-,e/t&e! e /o! 30-! o! teo&e! *e ;o&*0& e o0 .&ote1/ !9o totl o0 .&)-l,e/te *e o&-;e, /9o l4)te" .o*e/*o !e& *-)-o/*o! *e o0t&o! -/;&e*-e/te! l-,e/t&e! !(e&'et!" 30e !9o .&o*0to! el'o&*o! '!-),e/te )o, le-te e o0 *e&-2*o! l4)teo! e o0 o0t&! ,t&-! .&-,! l-,e/t&e! e 30e )o/t+, .e/! 0, .e30e/ .&o.o&79o *e ;o&*0&! e .&ote1/!" ! 30-! .o*e, !e&" totl o0
13
.&)-l,e/te" *e o&-;e, /9o l4)te" .o*e/*o !e& *-)-o/*o! *e o0t&o! -/;&e*-e/te! l-,e/t&e! ;el*o! *e 6&0t!" o0 !o&'et!" 30e !9o o! .&o*0to! el'o&*o! '!-),e/te )o, .ol.!" !0)o! o0 .e*7o! *e 6&0t! e 7)&e!" .o*e/*o o0 /9o !e& *-)-o/*o! *e o0t&o! -/;&e*-e/te! l-,e/t&e! ;el*o!" 30e !9o .&o*0to! el'o&*o! '!-),e/te )o, .e*7o! *e 6&0t! e o0t&! ,t&-!.&-,!" .o*e/*o o0 /9o !e& *-)-o/*o! *e o0t&o! -/;&e*-e/te! l-,e/t&e!8 W4 e, &el79o o .&o)e!!o *e 6'&-)79o e .&e!e/t79o o! ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-!" !e;0/*o B&!-l GK%%%J" !9o )l!!-6-)*o! e,5 !o&2ete! *e ,!! o0 )&e,o!o!5 !9o ,-!t0&! (o,o;+/e! o0 /9o *e -/;&e*-e/te! l-,e/t&e!" 't-*! e &e!6&-*! t o )o/;el,e/to" &e!0lt/*o e, ,!! e&*8 .-)ol!5 !9o .o&7e! -/*-2-*0-! *e ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! *e 24&-! )o,.o!-7e!" ;e&l,e/te !0.o&t*! .o& 0, (!te" o't-*! .o& &e!6&-,e/to t )o/;el,e/to * ,-!t0& (o,o;+/e o0 /9o" *e -/;&e*-e/te! l-,e/t&e!" )o, o0 !e, 't-,e/to8 .&o*0to! e!.e)--! ;el*o!5 !9o o! ;el*o! ,-!to! )o/!t-t01*o! .o& 30l30e& *! ,o*l-**e! *e ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! &el)-o/*o! /e!te Re;0l,e/to" e, )o,'-/79o )o, l-,e/to! /9o ;el*o!" &e.&e!e/t*o! .o& .o&7e! !-t0*! -/te&/ e o0 e=te&/,e/te o )o/<0/to" t-! )o,o5 !/*01)(e *e !o&2ete" 'olo *e !o&2ete" to&t ;el*8 O So&2ete *e ,!! )o/!t-t0- (o
#8K8 E!t&0t0& A .e&)e.79o *o !'o& e * te=t0& *o !o&2ete !e/t-*o .elo )o/!0,-*o& e!t4 '!e* / e!t&0t0& *e!!e l-,e/to" !e/*o )o/!-*e&* )o,o 0, *o! !e0! .&-/)-.-! t&-'0to! GOFF" K%%J8
14
O !o&2ete 0, ,-!t0& ,0-to )o,.le=" .o-! !e t&t *e 0, ,-!t0& (ete&o;+/e" o ,e!,o te,.o e,0l!9o" ;el" !0!.e/!9o e e!.0," )0< )oe!9o ,/t-* ;&7! o )o/;el,e/to GPEREDA" #$$J8 A e!t&0t0& *e!!e )ol-*e )o,.le=o 6o&,*o .o& 'ol(! *e &" ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0&" )&-!t! *e ;elo e .o& 0, 6!e 30o! /9o )o/;el* GSOLER #$$KJ8 A 6!e )o/t1/0 4;0 o/*e e!t9o *-!!ol2-*o! ,-o&- *o! -/;&e*-e/te! e 6!e *e!)o/t1/0 )o,.o!t .o& & e ;o&*0& GSIBÉR" K%%% OFF" #$$KJ8 O! )&-!t-! *e ;elo e ! 'ol(! *e & ,e*e, e, to&/o *e #$ $ [," e!!! *-,e/!e! *e.e/*e&, * 30/t-**e *e 2e:e! 30e o !o&2ete 6o& 't-*o8 A! 'ol(! *e & e/)o/t&,!e &e2e!t-*! .o& ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0& e e!!e! )o'e&to! .o& ),*! *e .&ote1/! e e,0l!-6-)/te!8 A 6!e 30o! )o/!-!te *e 7)&e! e .ol-!!)&1*eo! *e lto .e!o ,ole)0l& e, 0, !ol079o )o/)e/t&* )o/;el* GOFF" #$$KJ8 At&2! * t)/-) *e M-)&o!)o.- *e V&&e*0& Elet&/-) GSEMJ" .o*e!e o'!e&2& *-!.e&!o! / !ol079o *e 7)&" ! 24&-! 6!e! *o !o&2ete5 'ol(! *e &" ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0& e o! )&-!t-! *e ;elo8 E!! e!t&0t0& e!t4 *e,o/!t&* / F-;0& K8
F-;0& K5 M-)&o!)o.- *e 2&&e*0& elet&/-) *e ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! Fo/te5 UFSC" #$$@ A e!t&0t0& *o !o&2ete t,', .o*e !e& *e6-/-* )o,o 0, e!.0, .&)-l,e/te )o/;el*8 C&-!t-! *e ;elo e 'ol(! *e & o)0., ,-o& .&te *o e!.7o8 O! 6-/o! ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0&" l;0/! *ele! 6lo)0l*o! e &o*e/*o !
15
'ol(! *e &" t,', 6o&,, 6!e *-!.e&!8 P&ote1/! e e,0l!-6-)/te! e/)o/t&,!e e, to&/o *o! ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0& GOFF" K%%J8 O! ;l0t-/*o! *e ;l'0lo! *9o )o/t-/0-**e e!t&0t0& .&ot-) / 6!e 30o! *o .&e.&*o8 O /,e&o *e ;l'0lo! l-2&e! *e2e !e& !06-)-e/te .& 6o&,& ),* *e ;o&*0& 30e &e)o'&e 'ol( *e &" 0,e/t/*o &e!-!t+/)- *e !0 l,el8 A 30/t-**e *e & -/)o&.o&* e, &el79o o 2ol0,e *o .&o*0to" t,', *e/o,-/*o *e o2e&&0/" *e6-/e 4&e !0.e&6-)-l *o & !e& &e)o'e&t .el ;o&*0& l-2&e e .elo! ;l'0lo! -!ol*o! GMOSQUIM" K%%%J8 E!! e!t&0t0& e!t4 *e,o/!t&* / F-;0& #8
F-;0& #5 l'0lo *e ;o&*0& &e2e!t-/*o 'ol( *e & /o !o&2ete )o/;el*o Fo/te5 OFF" #$$K O! ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0& !e )o/)e/t&, / !0.e&61)-e * )l0l *e & *0&/te o )o/;el,e/to *o !o&2ete8 A0,e/t/*o )o/)e/t&79o *e ;o&*0&" *-,-/0- o t,/(o *o! )&-!t-! *e ;elo" *e2-*o -/te&&0.79o *o e!.7o o/*e ele! !e 6o&,&-, GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8 At&2! *e o0t& t)/-) GTEM" M-)&o!)o.- *e T&/!,-!!9o Elet&/-)J" .o!!12el 2e& ! ,-)el! *e )!e1/ .&=-,! o! ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0&" / 6!e 30o!" )o/6o&,e *e,o/!t&*o / F-;0& 8
16
F-;0& 5 M-)&o!)o.- *e t&/!,-!!9o elet&/-) *e !o&2ete Fo/te5 UFSC" #$$@ A e!t&0t0& *o! ;l'0lo! .&)-l,e/te 60/*-*o! e !0 0/-9o ! 'ol(! *e & *9o o !o&2ete 6-&,e: &e!-*0l *e.o-! * 60!9o *o! )&-!t-! *e ;elo -!to ,0-to -,.o&t/te .& ,!t-;79o GPEREDA" #$$J8
#8K8? Co,.o!-79o I/-)-l,e/te" o! -/;&e*-e/te! .& 6'&-)79o *e !o&2ete! e&, le-te" )&e,e" 7)& e e!t'-l-:/te!8 At0l,e/te 0t-l-:* 0, ;&/*e ;, *e -/;&e*-e/te!" )o/!-*e&/*o
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)o,.o/e/te! .o& 2ol0,e .o*e !e &e*0:-& .el ,et*e8 A 6o&,0l79o *o! ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! e!t4 / *e.e/*+/)- *o! -/;&e*-e/te! 0t-l-:*o! .& !0.&-& !e0! )o,.o/e/te!8
#8K8 I/;&e*-e/te! Co,o -/;&e*-e/te! '4!-)o! .& 6o&,0l79o *e !o&2ete! e!t9o ;o&*0&" o! !l-*o! /9o ;o&*0&o!o! *o le-te" o! *o7/te!" o! e!t'-l-:/te! e e,0l!-6-)/te!" o! )o&/te! e &o,t-:/te! e 4;0" *-)-o/*o! o0 /9o *e 6&0t!" !e,e/te! ole;-/o!! e o0t&o! .&o*0to! )o,o )6" ))0" l-)o&e!" o2o! e )o'e&t0& GSOLER VEIA" #$$K HOFFMANN et l8" K%%J8
#8K88K o&*0& O teo& *e ;o&*0& o .&-,e-&o !.e)to !e& *e6-/-*o 30/*o !e e!)ol(e 0, 6o&,0l79o *e !o&2ete e" .o!te&-o&,e/te" 30/t-**e *o! *e,-! -/;&e*-e/te! GCOSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$J8 A ;o&*0& o -/;&e*-e/te ,-! -,.o&t/te /o !o&2ete e /o&,l,e/te )o/!t-t0- e/t&e #@ e @ *o! !l-*o! tot-! / ,-!t0&" *e.e/*e/*o * 6o&,0l79o8 A 60/79o * ;o&*0& / 6o&,0l79o *e !o&2ete! *e )o/t&-'0-& .& o *e!e/2ol2-,e/to *e 0, te=t0& !02e" ,el(o&& o )o&.o *o .&o*0to e 0,e/t& &e!-!t+/)- 60!9o GPEREDA" #$$J8l, *-!to" ;o&*0& 0=-l- / e!t'-l-**e *o !o&2ete *e )&e,e" &e*0:-/*o /e)e!!-**e *e e!t'-l-:/te!" e ;e 0,e/t/*o 2-!)o!-**e *o .&e.&*o !e, lte&& !e0 .o/to *e )o/;el,e/to" 0, 2e: 30e !e e/)o/t& e, !0!.e/!9o GMOSQUIM" K%%%J8 A ;o&*0& 0t-l-:* .& 6'&-)79o *e !o&2ete! .o*e !e& 6o&/e)-* .elo! -/;&e*-e/te! l4)teo! G)&e,e *e le-te" ,/te-; o0 le-te e, . -/te;&lJ o0 !e& *e o&-;e, 2e;etl G*e&-2* * !o<" l;o*9o" ''70 o0 )o,'-/79o *e!t!J GCOSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$ OFF" K%%J8 A .&-/)-.l ;o&*0& 0t-l-:* ;o&*0& 2e;etl (-*&o;e/*" 30e !0'!t-t0- ;o&*0& *o le-te *e2-*o o! '-=o! teo&e! *e )ole!te&ol" .l!t-)-**e e 'o, .&e7o8 O! t-.o! 0t-l-:*o! .& 6'&-)79o *o !o&2ete !9o ;o&*0& *e )o)o" .l," ))0" l;o*9o e )ol: GMOSQUIM" K%%%J8
18
#8K88# Sl-*o! /9o ;o&*0&o!o! *o le-te O! !l-*o! /9o ;o&*0&o!o! *o le-te GSNLJ o0 e=t&to !e)o *e!e/;o&*0&*o GESDJ )o&&e!.o/*e, o! !l-*o! tot-! *o le-te *e!/t*o" )o/!t-t01*o! .o& l)to!e GJ" .&ote1/! e ,-/e&-! GJ e 2-t,-/! (-*&o!!ol2e-! G@J GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8 A l)to!e )o/6e&e 0, le2e !'o& *o)e" ,!)&*o .elo 7)& 30e /o&,l,e/te *-)-o/*o8 O! ,-/e&-! )o/6e&e, 0, !'o& le2e,e/te !l;*o" o 30e &&e*o/* o !'o& e &o, *o .&o*0to 6-/l GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8 O e=t&to !e)o *e!e/;o&*0&*o" 60/*,e/tl,e/te .&ote1/!" /e)e!!4&-o .& .lt'-l-**e" 2-!to 30e -/te/!-**e e o te,.o *e .e&,/+/)- *o !'o& / 'o) e!t9o &el)-o/*o! )o, o )o/te*o *e !l-*o! * ,-!t0& -,.o&t/te t,', .& '-=& o .o/to *e )o/;el,e/to e 0,e/t& 2-!)o!-**e *o l-30-*o &e!t/te8 Al, *-!!o" .&ote1/ )o'&e !0.e&61)-e *o! ;l'0lo! e ! 'ol(! *e &" e!t'-l-:/*o e!.0, GPEREDA" #$$J8 Mo!30-, GK%%%J !0;e&e 30e !e *e2e e,.&e;&" o ,4=-,o" o ESD / 6o&,0l79o *o !o&2ete" e, &:9o *e !e0 '-=o )0!to" ,e!,o !e/*o 0, *o! .&-/)-.-! &e!.o/!42e-! .elo! *e6e-to! *e .&+/)- e !'o& *o .&o*0to" e2-t/*o!e )&-!tl-:79o * l)to!e e o !'o& *e le-te )o/*e/!*o G!l;*oJ8 Q0/*o e, '-= )o/)e/t&79o" o .&o*0to .&e!e/t!e !e, )oe!9o e )o, .o0) -/)o&.o&79o *e &" -/).: *e ,/te& o !e0 6o&,to /o )o/e )o, ele279o * te,.e&t0&8
#8K88 E,0l!-6-)/te! De/o,-/!e e,0l!-6-)/te 30l30e& !0'!t>/)- ).: *e <0*& / 6o&,79o *e 0, ,-!t0& e!t42el e/t&e !0'!t>/)-! -,-!)12e-! )o,o ;o&*0& e 4;0 GCOSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$J8 O! e,0l!-6-)/te! !9o !0'!t>/)-! 301,-)! )o, 0, .&te * ,ol)0l (-*&o6'-) e o0t& (-*&o61l-)" 30e .o!!-'-l-t, 6o&,79o *e 0, e,0l!9o
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&e*0:-/*o te/!9o !0.e&6-)-l8 No !o&2ete e=-!te, *o-! t-.o! *e e,0l!9o5 0, e,0l!9o ;o&*0& e, 4;0 e 0, e,0l!9o & e, ,-!t0&" .&)-l,e/te )o/;el* GTIMM" K%@%J8 No !o&2ete" o! e,0l!-6-)/te! !9o 0!*o! .& .&o,o2e& 0/-6o&,-**e *0&/te o 't-,e/to" &e*0:-& o te,.o *e 't-,e/to * )l*" )o/t&ol& ;lo,e&79o e o &e;&0.,e/to * ;o&*0& *0&/te et. *e )o/;el,e/to Ge!t'-l-:& e,0l!9o *e ;o&*0&J e 6)-l-t& *-!t&-'0-79o *! 'ol(! *e &" .&o*0:-/*o 0, !o&2ete )o, )o&.o e te=t0& )&e,o! t1.-) *o! !o&2ete!8 O! e,0l!-6-)/te! t,', &e*0:e, o! e6e-to! /e;t-2o! )0!*o! .el 6l0t079o * te,.e&t0& e 0,e/t, &e!-!t+/)- o *e&&et-,e/to GOFF" K%% MOSQUIM"K%%%J8 A 30/t-**e ,4=-, *e e,0l!-6-)/te! .o& .e!o /9o *e2e e=)e*e& $"#" )!o )o/t&4&-o o .&o*0to 6-/l .&e!e/t&4 *e6e-to! *e )o&.o" te=t0& e *e&&et-,e/to GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8 O e,0l!-6-)/te o&-;-/l / 6'&-)79o *e !o&2ete e& ;e, *e o2o 30l 6o!0'!t-t01* .o& *o-! *-t-2o! 30e .&e*o,-/, /! 6o&,0l7e! t0-!" o! ,o/o e *-)-l;l-)e&-! e o .ol-!o'to @$8 W0/to! o! e!t'-l-:/te! e o! e,0l!-6-)/te! )o/!t-t0e, ,e/o! *e K *o .e!o *o !o&2ete GOFF" #$$#J8
#8K88? E!t'-l-:/te! O! e!t'-l-:/te! !9o t,', )(,*o! *e e!.e!!/te!" ;l0t-//te! e (-*&o)ol-*e!8 S9o )o,.o!to! ,)&o,ole)0l&e! 30e !e (-*&t, -/te/!,e/te e, 4;0 e 6o&,, !ol07e! )olo-*-! )o, -!!o" )o/t&ol, ,o2-,e/t79o * 4;0" *e2-*o 6o&,79o *e .o/te! *e (-*&o;+/-o e 6o&,79o *e 0, &e*e t&-*-,e/!-o/l 30e -,.e*e ,o'-l-**e * 4;0 GEARL]" #$$$ TIMM" K%@%J8 A 0t-l-:79o *o! e!t'-l-:/te! /o !o&2ete te, .o& o'
20
te=t0& *o .&o*0to 6-/l" ,el(o&, ! .&o.&-e**e! *e *e&&et-,e/to" 6)-l-t, -/)o&.o&79o e *-!t&-'0-79o *e & *0&/te 6'&-)79o *o !o&2ete" .&o,o2e, ,el(o& e!t'-l-**e *0&/te o &,:e/,e/to e /9o t+, e6e-to /o .o/to *e )o/;el,e/to GARBUCLE" K% TIMM" K%@%" OFF" K%%J8 To*2-" e!te! &e!0lt*o! !9o o't-*o! !t-!6to&-,e/te !o,e/te !e o! e!t'-l-:/te! 6o&e, 0!*o! e, .&o.o&7e! )o&&et! e *e2-*,e/te )o,./(*o! .elo! *e,-! -/;&e*-e/te! * 6o&,0l79o8 U, 30/t-**e e=)e!!-2 *e e!t'-l-:/te! &e!0lt e, 0, !o&2ete *-61)-l *e !e t&'l(&" <4 30e !e to&/ ;o,o!o" *e,!-*,e/te el4!t-)o8 Se" o )o/t&4&-o" 6o& 0!* 30/t-**e -/!06-)-e/te" /9o !e&4 o't-* )o/!-!t+/)- -*el e /9o !e&4 e2-t* )&-!tl-:79o8 A !ele79o *o e!t'-l-:/te *e2e le2& e, )o/!-*e&79o5 6o&7 *o e!t'-l-:/te o )o&.o 30e !e *e!e< *& o !o&2ete )o/*-7e! *e 6'&-)79o e )o/;el,e/to *-!.o/12e-! .&o)e!!o! 0t-l-:*o! / 6'&-)79o *o !o&2ete" o0 !e<" (o,o;e/e-:79o" .!te0&-:79o" et) GSORVETE ^ CASQUINHA" #$$J8 E/t&e o! e!t'-l-:/te! ,-! 0t-l-:*o! / -/*!t&- *e !o&2ete! e!t9o ! ;o,! ;0& e lo)0!t GLBJ" )&'o=-,et-l)el0lo!e GCMCJ" ! )&&;e/!" o! l;-/to!" ;elt-/ e .e)t-/ e ! !0! )o,'-/7e!8 E!!e! *-t-2o! e ! .o!!12e-! )o,'-/7e! e/t&e ele! .o!!0e, e6e-to! *-6e&e/)-*o! !o'&e 2-!)o!-**e * ,-!t0& e /! )&)te&1!t-)! *e *e&&et-,e/to *o !o&2ete GCOSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$ SOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8 O )o,.o&t,e/to *! )&)te&1!t-)! *o! e!t'-l-:/te! !9o 60/79o * te,.e&t0&" .H e )o/)e/t&79o *e )* e!t'-l-:/te8 Po& e=e,.lo" )&'o=-,et-l)el0lo!e '!t/te e!t42el 79o *o )lo& e te, .&o.e/!9o .& !e )o,'-/& )o, ! .&ote1/! *o le-te te,.e&t0& ,-! ele2*" 6o&,/*o )o,.le=o! 30e te/*e, *e!!o&& *0&/te o &,:e/,e/to *o !o&2ete8 A )o,'-/79o *e!te e!t'-l-:/te )o, o )&&;e/to ,-/-,-: o .&o'le, *o *e!!o&,e/to GMOSQUIM" K%%%J8 A e!)ol( *o e!t'-l-:/te *e.e/*e *e 6to&e! )o,o o .&e7o" *o t-.o *e .&o)e!!o *e 6'&-)79o e *! 30l-**e! *e )o&.o e te=t0& e!.e&*o! .& .&o*0to 6-/l GCOSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$J8 e&l,e/te !9o 0t-l-:*o! *o-! o0 ,-! e!t'-l-:/te! e, )o,'-/79o e, ,-!t0&! )o,e&)--! <4 6o&,0l*!" .& .e&,-t-& o !-/e&;-!,o *! .&o.&-e**e! *e )* 0," .&o,o2e/*o !0 e6et-2-**e GOFF"K%%J8
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#8K88 E*0l)o&/te! O 7)& ,-! 0t-l-:*o .& 6'&-)79o *o !o&2ete !)&o!e" .o&, 0t-l-:79o *e o0t&o! 7)&e! )o, '-=o .o*e& *o7/te" )o,o o! .ol--!" <0/t,e/te )o, !)&o!e" 0,e/t 30/t-**e *e !l-*o! tot-!" ,el(o&/*o te=t0& e )o/!-!t+/)- *o !o&2ete8 Se;0/*o T-,, GK%@%J e o66 GK%%J" .o*e o)o&&e& 0, !0'!t-t0-79o totl o0 .&)-l .o& 7)&e! *e&-2*o! *o ,-l(o" 30e )o/t&-'0e, .& to&/& o )o&.o *o !o&2ete ,-! 6-&,e e ,!t-;42el e 0,e/t, 2-* *e .&tele-& *o .&o*0to" &e.&e!e/t*o 0, 6o/te *e !l-*o! .& ,-!t0&8 A 0!+/)- *o *o7/te .&o2o) !e/!79o *e &e*079o * -/te/!-**e *o !'o& e ,0-t! 2e:e! )e/t0 !'o&e! eo0 &o,! -/*e!e<42e-! GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8 A;e/te! e*0l)o&/te! !9o *-)-o/*o! ,-!t0& *o !o&2ete / .&o.o&79o *e % K# *o .e!o .& ,el(o&& te=t0& e .lt'-l-**e *o .&o*0to GOFF" K%%J8 O! 7)&e!" -/)l0-/*o l)to!e o&-0/* *o! )o,.o/e/te! l4)teo! *o !o&2ete" )o/t&-'0e, .& &e*079o *o .o/to *e )o/;el,e/to Go0 0,e/to * *e.&e!!9o *o .o/to *e )o/;el,e/toJ" *e 6o&, 30e /o .&o*0to 6-/l .e/! # * 4;0 !e e/)o/t&e )o/;el*8 O &e!t/te * 4;0 e/)o/t&!e e, 0, !ol079o *e lt )o/)e/t&79o *e 7)& 30e <0/t,e/te )o, o & *-)-o/*o" .e&,-te 30e o l-,e/to .o!! !e& !e&2-*o e ,!t-;*o te,.e&t0&! *e K_ K@_ C GOFF" K%%J8 A )o/)e/t&79o *e 7)& -/te&6e&e *e ,o*o *e)-!-2o !o'&e o .o/to *e )o/;el,e/to" -,.e*-/*o 30e o .&o*0to !e< totl,e/te )o/;el*o" ,e!,o te,.e&t0&! ,0-to '-=!8 O! 7)&e! .o*e, !e& )o/!-*e&*o! )o,o )o,.o/e/te! /t-)o/;el/te!8 Se /9o 6o!!e .o& e!!e -/;&e*-e/te" o !o&2ete )o/;el&- te,.e&t0&! &elt-2,e/te lt! e .e&*e&- ! )&)te&1!t-)! *e!e<42e-! *e )o&.o e te=t0& GCOSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$J8 E!! -/te&6e&+/)- *o 7)& /o .o/to *e )o/;el,e/to *e2e!e o 6to 30e !)&o!e e=t&e,,e/te (-;&o!).-)" !e/*o" .o&t/to ).: *e '!o&2e& 4;0 ,e!,o e, 0,-**e &elt-2 '-=8
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#8K88 Á;0 e & A 4;0 6!e )o/t1/0 *o !o&2ete" .&e!e/te / 6o&, l130-*" !l-* GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8 O! )&-!t-! *e ;elo !9o -/*-!.e/!42e-! .& *& )o/!-!t+/)- e !e/!79o *e 6&e!)o& .o&," /9o *e2e, !e& ;&/*e! *e,-! .& e2-t& !e/!79o *e &e/o!-**e / 'o) GPEREDA" #$$J8 A! 'ol(! *e & .o!!0e, t&+! 60/7e! e!.e)--!" t-! )o,o" to&/& ,-! le2e o !o&2ete .& 6)-l-t& *-;e!t9o .&o.o&)-o/& ,-! ,)-e: e to&/& o .&o*0to *e6o&,42el ,!t-;79o l, *e t0& )o,o -!ol/te *o 6&-o -/te/!o GPEREDA" #$$J8 O & e/)o/t&!e *-!.e&!o e -/)o&.o&*o / e,0l!9o *e ;o&*0& e, !o&o8 A -/te&6)e e/t&e 4;0 e o & e!t'-l-:* .o& 0, 6-/o 6-l,e *e ,te&-l /9o )o/;el42el e .o& ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0& 't-*o! GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8 O o2e&&0/ o0 0,e/to *o 2ol0,e .el -/)o&.o&79o *e & 0, *! et.! ,-! -,.o&t/te! * 6'&-)79o *e !o&2ete!" <4 30e -/6l0e/)- *-&et,e/te / 30l-**e e &e/*-,e/to * ,-!t0&" *e2e/*o o'e*e)e& o! .*&e! * le;-!l79o8 At0l,e/te" e!t0*!e .o!!-'-l-**e *e -/)o&.o&79o *e o0t&o! ;!e!" )o,o /-t&o;+/-o l130-*o e ;4! )&'/-)o GMOSQUIM" K%%% SOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8
#8K88 A&o,t-:/te!" )o&/te! e )-*0l/te! O! &o,!" )o&/te! e )-*0l/te! !9o *-)-o/*o! .& &el7& o !'o& e )o&" */*o o .&o*0to o !.e)to *e!e<*o8 To*o! ele! .o*e, !e& /t0&-! o0 &t-6-)--!8 O! )-*0l/te! )o/t&-'0e, -/* .& !e/!79o *e 6&e!)o& / 'o) o '-=& o .H * ,-!t0& GPEREDA"#$$J8 O! &o,t-:/te! ;e&l,e/te e!t9o *-!.o/12e-! / 6o&, *e .&o*0to! .&o/to! 6o&,0l*o!" o! 30-! !9o *-)-o/*o! / ,-!t0& *o !o&2ete / et. *e )o/;el,e/to8 A&o,! *e )(o)olte !9o 0!0l,e/te *-)-o/*o! ,-!t0& *e.o-! *o
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.&o)e!!o" o .!!o 30e &o,! l130-*o! !9o *-)-o/*o! /o t/30e * ,-!t0&" /te! *o )o/;el,e/to GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8
2.1.5.8 utros s!lidos
O ))0 e o )(o)olte !9o 0t-l-:*o! / 6o&, *e .!" )o/!-*e&/*o!e )o,o ))0 o .&o*0to !e, *-79o *e 7)& e )o,o )(o)olte ,-!t0& *e ))0 e 7)&" .o*e/*o )o/te& o0 /9o ,/te-; *e ))0" *-)-o/*o o0 /9o *e le-te8 E!!e! .&o*0to! !9o 0t-l-:*o! / 6o&,0l79o *e !o&2ete / .&o.o&79o *e ? * ,-!t0& GMOSQUIM" K%%%J8 A! 6&0t!" e, 2-&t0*e * !0 !:o/l-**e e .& 30e .o!!, e!t& *-!.o/12e-! *0&/te o /o to*o" !9o !0',et-*o! .&o)e!!o! *e )o/;el,e/to" .!te0&-:79o"
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24
8 P&o)e!!o *e 6'&-)79o O .&o)e!!o *e 6'&-)79o *o !o&2ete *e ,!! )o/!-!te /! et.! *e!)&-t! !e;0-&" .&e!e/t/*o 2&-7e! e, )o/!e3`+/)- *o e!t4;-o te)/ol;-)o e *o! e30-.,e/to! 0t-l-:*o!5
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25
F&0t! -/ /t0& Y" .ol.! eo0 !0)o!5 6&0t *e2e e!t& .e&6e-t,e/te
,*0&" /9o .o*e/*o .&e!e/t& *e6e-to!" t-! )o,o5 6o)o! *e .&!-t!" ,/)(! e!t&/(! o0 *-l)e&7e! )0!*! .o& '-)*! *e -/!eto! o0 .4!!&o!8 S0 .ele o0 )!) *e2e e!t& .e&6e-t,e/te l-,." !e, .&e!e/7 *e .e!t-)-*!" *0'o! 301,-)o! o0 o&;>/-)o!8 F&0t! e !0)o! .o*e, )o/6e&-& !'o& *e!;&*42el o !o&2ete" !e ! 6&0t! e!t-2e&e, *ete&-o&*! o0 o! !0)o! 6e&,e/t*o!8
Á;05 to* 4;0 0t-l-:* /o .&o*0to *e2e !e& .ot42el" -!to " *e2e .o!!0-&
)o/*-7e! (-;-+/-)! *e30*!8 A .&e!e/7 e=;e&* *e )lo&o te, -/6l0+/)- /o !'o& *o !o&2ete" 'e, )o,o to&/&4 !0 )o& ,e/o! t&t-28 O &e!e&2t&-o *e 4;0 *e2e !e& ,/t-*o l-,.o e )o/!t&01*o *e ,te&-l *e30*o .& /9o )0!& )o/t,-/79o * 4;08
E,'l;e/!5 o -*el !e&- 0t-l-:79o *e e,'l;e/! t9o /e0t&! 30/to
.o!!12el8 A e,'l;e, .l4!t-) .o*e&4 t&/!,-t-& 0, !'o& '!t/te *e!;&*42el o .&o*0to 6-/l8 U, -/!.e79o !e/!o&-l" .&-/)-.l,e/te )o, &el79o o o*o&" .o*e&4 e2-t& .o!!12e-! t&/!to&/o!8
8# Pe!;e, O! -/;&e*-e/te! *e2e&9o !e& .e!*o! .& e6e-to *e )4l)0lo e &e/*-,e/to e .& 30e !e te/( 0, 'o, 'l/)e,e/to / !0 6o&,0l79o8
8 P&e.&o * M-!t0& A et. *e .&e.&o * ,-!t0& te, )o,o .&-/)-.l o'
26
t/30e *e ,-!t0&" /o 30l !9o 30e)-*o! !o' ;-t79o e" .o!te&-o&,e/te" *-)-o/& to*o! o! -/;&e*-e/te! l4)teo! !l-*o! Gle-te e, ." !o&o *e le-teJ8 O! *e,-! -/;&e*-e/te! !l-*o!" )o,o .o& e=e,.lo" ))0 e, . e e!t'-l-:/te!" *e2e, .&e2-,e/te !e& ,-!t0&*o! o 7)& .& 6)-l-t& !0 *-!!ol079o" !e/*o *-)-o/*o! 0, te,.e&t0& *e ?_ $_ C" !o' ;-t79o8 E" .o& lt-,o" .o*e&9o !e& *-)-o/*o! o &e!t/te *o 7)&" =&o.e *e ,-l(o e ;o&*0&! GCOSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$ ONÇALO"#$$# MADRID"K%%J8
8? Ho,o;e/e-:79o E!t o.e&79o te, .o& 6-/l-**e &e*0:-& o *->,et&o *o! ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0&" 62o&e)e/*o 6o&,79o *e 0, .&o*0to ,-! (o,o;+/eo" )&e,o!o e 6)-l-t/*o 79o *o! ;e/te! e,0l!-6-)/te! e e!t'-l-:/te! !o'&e !0.e&61)-e *! .&t1)0l!" l, *e 0,e/t& e6-)-+/)- * .!te0&-:79o e *-,-/0-& o te,.o *e ,t0&79o *! ,-!t0&! GPORTO" K%%@J8 A (o,o;e/e-:79o ! .o*e&4 o)o&&e& 30/*o !e te, ;o&*0& / 6!e l130-*" e, te,.e&t0&! !0.e&-o&e! $_C8 É &e)o,e/**o .& e!! et. te,.e&t0&! / 6-= *e @_ _C" 0, 2e: 30e te,.e&t0&! -/6e&-o&e! te/*e, ele2& 2-!)o!-**e * ,-!t0& e, &:9o * ;l0t-/79o *o! ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0& GMOSQUIM" K%%%J8 A .&e!!9o !!-, )o,o te,.e&t0& *e (o,o;e/e-:79o t,', 2&- *e )o&*o )o, )o,.o!-79o * ,-!t0&" e, e!.e)-l" )o, o teo& *e ;o&*0&8 Q0/*o o teo& *e ;o&*0& 6o& !0.e&-o& K?" (o,o;e/e-:79o *e2e !e& .&o)e!!* e, e30-.,e/to! .&o2-*o! *e *o-! e!t4;-o!" /o! 30-! o! ;l0t-/*o! *e ;o&*0& !9o *e!6e-to! /o !e;0/*o e!t4;-o" &e*0:-/*o 2-!)o!-**e * ,-!t0& GCOSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$ MOSQUIM" K%%%J8 Se;0/*o M*&-* GK%%J (o,o;e/e-:79o * ,-!t0& .&e!e/t 24&-o! e6e-to! 'e/6-)o! / 30l-**e *o .&o*0to 6-/l" )o,o .o& e=e,.lo" *-!t&-'0-79o 0/-6o&,e *! ;o&*0&!" !e, te/*+/)- .& !0 !e.& 79o )o& ,-! '&-l(/te e t&e/te 0, ,-o& &e!-!t+/)- o=-*79o" 30e .& o*0: o*o& e! e !'o&e! *e!;&*42e-! /o !o&2ete8 A F-;8 ? ,o!t& 0, (o,o;e/e-:*o& *e 0, e!t4;-o
GTet& PJ *e !o&2ete8
27
F-;0& ? Ho,o;e/e-:*o& *e 0, e!t4;-o GTet& PJ *e !o&2ete8 Fo/te5 F-/,)"#$$%8
8 P!te0&-:79o A .!te0&-:79o * ,-!t0& te, )o,o .&-/)-.l o'
28
P& o t&t,e/to t&,-)o !9o *ot*o! o! ,to*o! *e .!te0&-:79o *e lo/; e!.e&" *e/o,-/*o *e !-!te, .o& 'tel* o0 '-= te,.e&t0& .o& lo/;o te,.o G't)( Loa Te,.e&t0&e Lo/; T-,e LTLTJ" .!te0&-:79o &4.-* o0 !-!te, *e lt te,.e&t0& .o& )0&to te,.o GH-;( Te,.e&t0&e S(o&t T-,e HTSTJ e .!te0&-:79o 0lt&&4.-* o0 !-!te, *e 0lt< te,.e&t0& GUlt& H-;( Te,.e&t0&e UHTJ GMOSQUIM" K%%% ONÇALO" #$$#J8 A le;-!l79o '&!-le-& e!t'ele)e )o,o )o/*-7e! *e t&t,e/to t&,-)o .& ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! o .&o)e!!o e, 'tel*" *e!)o/t1/0o" /o 30l ,-!t0& 30e)-* $_C .o& t&-/t ,-/0to! e .&o)e!!o )o/t1/0o" e, 30e te,.e&t0& t-/;e @$_C *0&/te # !e;0/*o!8 O0t&! )o/*-7e! e30-2le/te! *e te,.o e te,.e&t0& !9o )e-t!" *e!*e 30e e, )o/*-7e! *e *e!t&0-79o *e ,-)&o&;/-!,o! .to;+/-)o! GBRASIL" #$$J8 A .!te0&-:79o l, *e *e!t&0-& ,-)&o&;/-!,o! .to;+/-)o! t,', ,o*-6-) ).)-**e *e &ete/79o *e 4;0 * .&ote1/ *o !o&o" 30e l)/7 2lo&e! !-,-l&e! o! * )!e1/" 0,e/t/*o e, $ 2e:e! !0 ).)-**e *e &ete/79o8 A *e!/t0&79o .&ot-) te, e6e-to .o!-t-2o !o'&e 30l-**e *o !o&2ete" o'te/*o 0, .&o*0to ,-! )&e,o!o" )o, te=t0& e )o/!-!t+/)- ,-! !02e! e 0/-6o&,e!8 Po&," o 30e l-,-t ! )o/*-7e! *e te,.ote,.e&t0& ,-! !e2e&! !9o ! lte&7e! *e !'o& e &o, G.&-/)-.l,e/te !'o& )o:-*oJ GEARL]" #$$$ OFF" K%%J8 A F-;8 ,o!t& 0, .l/t *e .!te0&-:79o )o,.let *e !o&2ete8
F-;0& 5 Pl/t *e .!te0&-:79o )o,.let *e !o&2ete8 Fo/te5 F-/,)"#$$%8
29
8 Re!6&-,e/to De.o-! *e .!te0&-:* e (o,o;e/e-:*" ,-!t0& &e!6&-* t ?_C e ,/t-* /e!t te,.e&t0& e, 0, t/30e o0 t-/ *e ,t0&79o8 E, .&o)e!!o! -/*0!t&--! ,-! !o6-!t-)*o!" o &e!6&-,e/to &el-:*o e, .l)! t&o)*o&! *e )lo&" e, 30e ,-!t0& 30e)-* .el .!te0&-:79o .!! .o& 0, l*o * .l) e 4;0 6&- .el o0t&" o)!-o//*o o &e!6&-,e/to * ,-!t0& 0, te,.e&t0& *e ?_C GONÇALO" #$$#J8 O o'
8 Mt0&79o A ,t0&79o )o/!-!te e, ,/te& ,-!t0& .o& 0, .e&1o*o *e /o ,1/-,o ? (o&!" te,.e&t0& *e # _C /te! *e )o/;el&8 D0&/te e!te e!.7o *e te,.o o)o&&e, ,0*/7! 'e/6-)! / ,-!t0& )o,o" .o& e=e,.lo" 0, )o,.let (-*&t79o *! .&ote1/! e e!t'-l-:/te! .& 30e o !o&2ete te/( 0, 'o )o/!-!t+/)-" e )&-!tl-:79o *! ,ol)0l! *e ;o&*0&8 Co/t&-'0-!e !!-, .& o 0,e/to * 2-!)o!-**e" 0, ,el(o& '!o&79o *o & *0&/te !e0 't-,e/to e )o/;el,e/to e o 0,e/to * &e!-!t+/)- o *e&&et-,e/to *o !o&2ete GMADRID" K%% ARBUCLE" K% MOSQUIM" K%%% EARL]" #$$$J8 E, ,0-to! )!o! ,-!t0& *e-=* .& )0&t-& *0&/te t 2-/te e 30t&o (o&!" .o&, *e2e!e e2-t& .e&1o*o! ,0-to! lo/;o!" .& 30e /9o !e .&o*0:, lte&7e! .o& ,-)&o&;/-!,o! .!-)&ot&6-)o! GMADRID" K%% ARBUCLE" K%J8 O! t/30e! *e ,t0&79o !9o e30-.*o! )o, ;-t*o&e! e!.e)--!" */*o ,-!t0& 0, t&t,e/to !02e" )o, 0, '-=o )o/!0,o *e e/e&;- elt&-)8Te&,-/* ,t0&79o" ,-!t0& t&/!6e&-* .& o! )o/;el*o&e!" !e/*o /te! )&e!)e/t*o! o! *-t-2o! 6-/-! G)o&/te! e &o,t-:/te!J" /o! .&.&-o! ,t0&*o&e! o0 e, 0, *e.!-to -/te&,e*-4&-o8 Ele! t,', .o*e, !e& *o!*o! *e ,o*o )o/t1/0o / t0'0l79o *e l-,e/t79o * ,-!t0& o )o/;el*o& o0 )o/;el*o&e!" ,e*-/te 0, 'o,' *o!*o& GMADRID" K%%J8
30
O! *e.!-to! t+, 0, )-&)0-to 6&-;o&16-)o 6e)(*o .& )-&)0l79o *o 6l0-*o *e &e6&-;e&79o8 De!t 6o&," ,-!t0& .o*e !e& ,/t-* te,.e&t0& *e!e<* !e, .&o'le, l;0,8 Te, t,', 0, !-!te, *e ;-t79o 0to,4t-) e te&,,et&o! -/*-)*o&e! * te,.e&t0& * ,-!t0&8 A !1* * ,-!t0& 6e-t t&2! *e 0, '-)o *e 6e)(,e/to (e&,t-)o GMADRID" K%%J8 A F-;8 ,o!t& 0, t-/ *e ,t0&79o GTet& PJ *e !o&2ete8
F-;0& 5 T-/ *e ,t0&79o GTet& PJ *e !o&2ete8 Fo/te5 F-/,)"#$$%8
8@ Co/;el,e/to U, 2e: ,t0&*" ,-!t0& )&e!)-* *e !0)o! *e 6&0t!" )o&/te!" &o,!" et)8" e .&o)e*e!e o )o/;el,e/to" 30e &el-:*o *e 6o&, !-,0lt>/e 'te*0& GMADRID" K%%J8 Se;0/*o MOSQUIM GK%%%J o )o/;el,e/to 0, *! o.e&7e! ,-! -,.o&t/te! / 6'&-)79o *e ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-!8 E!t et. te, 6-/l-**e *e &e,o79o *o )lo& * ,-!t0& e e!t'-l-:79o *o & -/)o&.o&*o GOFF" #$$#J8 A ,-!t0& &.-*,e/te )o/;el* e ;-t* .& .&o,o2e& -/)o&.o&79o *e & e l-,-t& o t,/(o *o! )&-!t-! *e ;elo 30e !e&9o 6o&,*o! GSOLER VEIA" #$$KJ8
31
Ne!!! o.e&7e!" &el-:*! e, e30-.,e/to! *e/o,-/*o! 'te*e-&! o0 .&o*0to&!" ,-!t0& ,0* *&!t-),e/te *e 2-!)o!-**e e .&+/)- 61!-)8 Co, &e*079o * te,.e&t0& *e ?_C .& _C o0 _C" 4;0 /o e!t*o l130-*o -/-)- 0, ,0*/7 .& o e!t*o !l-*o e )o, *-,-/0-79o * te,.e&t0&" )&-!t-! *e ;elo !9o 6o&,*o!8 Co,o )o/!e3`+/)- 6!e l130-* e=-!te/te to&/!e ,-! )o/)e/t&*" ,0*/*o !0)e!!-2,e/te o .o/to *e )o/;el,e/to * ,-!t0& e .&o,o2e/*o )o/)e/t&79o *! !0'!t>/)-! !ol2e-!" t 30e /9o (< ,-! 6o&,79o *e )&-!t-! *e ;elo GSOLER VEIA" #$$K COSTA LUSTO\A" #$$$J8 O !o&2ete &et-&*o * ,430-/ .&o*0to& )o, 0, )o/!-!t+/)- !e,-!l-*!" )o, .&o=-,*,e/te ,et*e * 4;0 )o/;el* GMOSQUIM" K%%% SENAI" K%%%J8
8% E/2!e A.! o 't-,e/to" e t-/;-*o o .o/to *e )o/!-!t+/)- e!.e&*o" o !o&2ete )o/*-)-o/*o e, e,'l;e/! *e6-/-t-2!" ,e*-/te o e/)(-,e/to 0to,4t-)o o0 ,/0l e e!! o.e&79o *e2e o)o&&e& !e, ele279o !-;/-6-)t-2 * te,.e&t0& *o .&o*0to GSENAI" K%%%J8 A F-;8 ,o!t& 0, e/2!*o& &ott-2 .& e/)(e&" 6e)(& e &ot0l& &e)-.-e/te! *e !o&2ete8
32
F-;0& 5 E/2!*o& &ott-2 .& e/)(e&" 6e)(& e &ot0l& &e)-.-e/te! *e !o&2ete8 Fo/te5 F-/,)"#$$%8
8K$ E!to);e, A! )>,&! *e e!to);e, .& !o&2ete *e2e, o.e&& e/t&e te,.e&t0&! *e $ _C" )o, o o'
8KK T&/!.o&te O t&/!.o&te *e2e !e& 6e-to e, ),-/(e! 6&-;o&16-)o!" te,.e& t0& ! -/6e&-o& e! K@ZC" e *e ,/e-& 30e o 0,e/to * te,.e& t0& *o !o&2ete" *0& /te o t& /!.o&te" /9o e=)e* *e ?ZC !o'& e te,.e& t0& *e e!to);e,8 O! !o&2ete! .o*e, !e& t&/!.o&t*o! <0/to )o, o0t&o! .& o*0to! l-,e/t1)-o! t,', )o/;el*o!" *e!*e 30e e!te<, *e2-*,e/te e,'l*o! GMADRID"K%%J8
33
RECEPÇÃO E ESTOCAEM DA MATERIA PRIMA
PESAEM
PREPARO DA MISTURA
HOMOENEI\AÇÃO
PASTEURI\AÇÃO
MATURAÇÃO
CONELAMENTO
ENVASE
ESTOCAEM
TRANSPORTE
34
F-;0& @5 Fl0=o;&, *o .&o)e!!o *e 6'&-)79o *o !o&2ete
4. Defeitos em sorvete
O! *e6e-to! 30e .&e)e, )o, ,-! 6&e3`+/)- /o! !o&2ete! 6et, !e0 !'o&" te=t0& e )o/!-!t+/)-8 e&l,e/te o! *e6e-to! *e !'o& .&e)e, 30/*o !e 0t-l-:, -/;&e*-e/te! *e ,4 30l-**e e 30/*o o! -/;&e*-e/te! /9o !9o e,.&e;*o! )o&&et,e/te8 P&o*0to! *e ,4 30l-**e )o,o ;o&*0& o=-**" .&o2o), !'o& &/7o8 S'o& )o:-*o o&-;-/*o .&-/)-.l,e/te .o& !0.e&30e)-,e/to *! .&ote1/! *o le-te" e o !'o& 4)-*o t1.-)o *e .&o*0to! 6e&,e/t*o!8 E=)e!!o o0 6lt *e 7)&" e=)e!!o *e e!t'-l-:/te! e &o,t-:/te! &e.e&)0te -,e*-t,e/te !o'&e 30l-**e *e;0!tt-2 *o .&o*0to GAMIOT" K%%KJ8 C&-!t-! )-, *e ?$ ,, $ ,, e, /,e&o! !06-)-e/te! &e!0lt, e, te=t0& ;&/0lo! e 4!.e&8 A te=t0& *e.e/*e .&-/)-.l,e/te *o /,e&o e t,/(o *! .&t1)0l!" !0 o&;/-:79o e !0 *-!t&-'0-79o o !o&2ete o !e& *e;0!t*o *e2e !e& !02e e .&o*0:-& 0, !e/!79o ;&*42el / 'o)8 O *e6e-to 30e o)o&&e )o, ,-o& 6&e3`+/)- te=t0& ;&o!!e-& e &e/o!8 S0 .&-79o 62o&e)-* .el 0t-l-:79o *e 0, )l* ,l e30-l-'&*" 0, .&o)e!!o -/*e30*o *e .&o*079o e ,4 )o/*-79o *e )o/!e&279o" .o& e=e,.lo" )o/!e&279o lt! te,.e&t0&! e 6l0t079o )o/!t/te *e te,.e&t0& GAMIOT" K%%KJ8 A te=t0& ;&o!!e-& e 30e'&*-7 *e2e!e /o&,l,e/te 0, )o/te*o ,0-to '-=o
*e
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(o,o;e/e-:79o '-= .&e!!9o o0 )o/;el,e/to ,0-to le/to8 A te=t0& &e/o!
35
t&-'01* 6o&,79o *e ;&/*e! )&-!t-! *e l)to!e" !e/*o 62o&e)-* .o& 0, )o/te*o *e e=t&to !e)o *e!e/;o&*0&*o !0.e&-o& K$KK GVEISSE]RE"K%#J8 O !o&2ete *e )o/!-!t+/)- *e6e-t0o! .o*e !e& ;o,o!o" .e;,et&o *o! ;l'0lo! *e ;o&*0&8
36
8 M-)&o'-olo;- *e !o&2ete A 6'&-)79o e o &,:e/,e/to *o! l-,e/to! )&&et, !e,.&e &-!)o! ,-)&o'-ol;-)o!8 No -/t0-to *e .&ote;e& !*e *o! )o/!0,-*o&e! e e2-t& lte&7e! /9o *e!e<*! /o! l-,e/to!" *e2e!e 0t-l-:& 0, .&o)e*-,e/to *e el'o&79o (-;-+/-) e, to*! ! !0! et.!8 De )o&*o )o, Ho66,// et l8 G#$$$J" ,-)&o'-ot *o! !o&2ete!" /te! *o t&t,e/to t&,-)o" e!t4 &el)-o/* )o, o! -/;&e*-e/te! 0t-l-:*o!" !e/*o 30e *e )o&*o )o, le;-!l79o * /2-! to*o! o! ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! el'o&*o! )o, lt-)1/-o! o0 o2o! !e&9o o'&-;to&-,e/te .!te0&-:*o!8 E!t! ,t&-!.&-,!" .&-/)-.l,e/te ! &-)! e, .&ote1/!" )o,o o! o2o! e le-te" o6e&e)e, o! ,-)&o&;/-!,o! )o, lt! e=-;+/)-! Ge/t&e o! 30-! !e e/)o/t&, ,-o&- *! ')t&-! .to;+/-)!J" o.o&t0/-**e .& !e ,0lt-.l-)&e, &.-*,e/te8 O! l-,e/to! 30e /9o !9o t9o &-)o! /0t&-t-2,e/te t,', .o*e, e!t& )o/t,-/*o!8 A A;+/)- N)-o/l *e V-;-l>/)- S/-t4&- GANVISAJ !e;0/*o RDC /_ #" *e ## *e !ete,'&o *e #$$" GBRASIL" #$$J to*o ;el*o )o,e!t12el o0 .&e.&*o .& ;el*o! )o,e!t12e-! '!e *e le-te e o0 o2o! *e2e, .!!& .o& 0, t&t,e/to t&,-)o8 Q0/*o 6o& 0t-l-:* .!te0&-:79o *e2e te/*e& ! !e;0-/te! )o/*-7e! ,1/-,!5 /o .&o)e!!o )o/t1/0o GHTSTJ" @$_C .o& # !e;0/*o!" o0 /o .&o)e!!o e, 'tel* 't)(Y" $_C .o& $ ,-/0to!8 Po*e, !e& &el-:*o! t,', t&t,e/to! *e ,-!t0&! '!e *e le-te" )o, )o,'-/7e! *e te,.o e te,.e&t0&
37
-/6e&-o&e! ! * .!te0&-:79o" *e!*e 30e o ,e!,o !e< )o,.&o2*o .el 0!+/)- *e 6o!6t!e8 Pel 0t-l-:79o * .!te0&-:79o /o! lt-,o! /o!" )o, .o0)! e=)e7e!" /9o o)o&&e&, *oe/7! )0!*! .el -/;e!t9o *e !o&2ete! el'o&*o! .o& e!t'ele)-,e/to! -/*0!t&--! eo0 )o,e&)--! e !-," .o& .&o*0to! )!e-&o!" *e2-*o .&4t-)! -/*e30*! *e ,/0!e-o8 De/t&e e!!! .&4t-)!" .o*e!e )-t& 0t-l-:79o *e le-te )&0" )&e,e e o2o! )o/t,-/*o!" o e,.&e;o -/*e30*o *e t&t,e/to t&,-)o" )o/t,-/79o t&2! *o ,'-e/te o0 ,e!,o .o& .e!!o! -/6e)t*!8 A.! *-2e&!! .e!30-!! 6o- )o,.&o2*o 30e '-= te,.e&t0& 30l o! !o&2ete! !e e/)o/t&, /9o -/-'e o )&e!)-,e/to ')te&-/o" .o-! ! ')t&-! .!-)&ot&6-)! !9o ).:e! *e !e *e!e/2ol2e& e, te,.e&t0&! '-=o *e _C !e/*o o! .&-/)-.-! ;e/te! *e *ete&-o&79o *e *e&-2*o! *e le-te GPEREDA" #$$J8 A 79o *ete&-o&*o& *! ')t&-! .!-)&ot&6-)! !e *e2e .&-/)-.l,e/te .&o*079o *e .&ote!e!" l1.!e! e 6o!6ol-.!e!" 30e (-*&ol-!, &e!.e)t-2,e/te .&ote1/ e ;o&*0& *o le-te8 A ,-o&- *! ')t&-! .!-)&ot&6-)! /9o !o'&e2-2e .!te0&-:79o" .o&," ,0-t! *e !0! e/:-,! (-*&ol1t-)! !9o te&,o&&e!-!te/te!" .o*e/*o &e!-!t-& ,e!,o o t&t,e/to 0lt& .!te0&-:79o GUHTJ e .e&,/e)e&e, t-2! GPEREDA" #$$J8
8K M-)&o&;/-!,o! )o,0,e/te e/)o/t&*o! /o le-te e /o !o&2ete 5.1.1 Psicrotróficos
De
)o&*o
)o,
T&'0l!-
GK%%#J"
.!-)&ot&6-)o!
!9o
o&;/-!,o!
.!-)&otole&/te!" o0 !e<" .o!!0e, ('-l-**e .& )&e!)e& e, te,.e&t0&! e/t&e $ZC ZC )o, te,.e&t0& t-, *e #?ZC8 A! ')t&-! .!-)&ot&6-)! 30e )o,0,e/te lte&, o le-te .e&te/)e, o! !e;0-/te! ;+/e&o!5 Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter e Arthrobacter, !e/*o e, !0 ,-o& .&te ')-lo! &,/e;t-2o!8 T-!
')t&-! !9o &&,e/te te&,o*&-)! e !0 .&e!e/7 e, le-te )o,e&)-l .!te0&-:*o" -/*-) 0, )o/t,-/79o .o!te&-o& .!te0&-:79o GTHOMAS" K%KJ8
38
O )o,.o&t,e/to 6&e/te ! '-=! te,.e&t0&! 2&- )o/6o&,e ')t&- e/2ol2-*8 A! ')t&-! &, .o!-t-2! !9o ,-! &e!-!te/te! o 6&-o *o 30e ! &, /e;t-2!" )o,o Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Salmonella e Vibrio8 A *e!t&0-79o o0 -/<&- ,-o& e/t&e #_C e K$_C" 30/*o )o,.&* te,.e&t0&! ,-! '-=!" )o,o K_C e $_C GFRANCO ^ LANDRAF" K%% LEITÃO" K%@@ TRABULSI" K%%%J8 E,'o& ,-o&- *! ')t&-! .!-)&ot&6-)! G&,/e;t-2!J !e<, *e!t&01*! .el .!te0&-:79o" !o'&e2-2e/*o .e/! ,-)&o'-ot te&,o*&-) .& )0!& *ete&-o&79o" ! e/:-,! e=t&)el0l&e! *! ')t&-! .!-)&ot&6-)! .o*e, &e!-!t-& o t&t,e/to t&,-)o" /9o !e/*o -/t-2*! .elo .&o)e!!,e/to GPEREDA"#$$J8 A )o/t,-/79o .o& .!-)&ot&6-)o! *e2e!e .&-/)-.l,e/te (-;-e/-:79o *e6-)-e/te *e !0.e&61)-e! e, )o/tto )o, o le-te" ,'-e/te! e, )o/*-7e! -/*e30*! *e (-;-e/e" ,/-.0l*o&e! e 30l-**e * 4;0 0t-l-:* GOVIEDO" K%%J8
5.1.2 Stah!lococcus
e&l,e/te o! l-,e/to! *e o&-;e, /-,l" e!.e)-l,e/te o le-te e !e0! *e&-2*o!" .&e)e, !!o)-*o! !0&to! *e to=-/6e)79o l-,e/t&" &e.&e!e/t/*o 0, .&o'le, .& !*e .'l-)8 O ;+/e&o Stah!lococcus" .o& !e& o .&-/)-.l ;e/te et-ol;-)o * ,!t-te 'o2-/" e t,', ;e/te )0!*o& *e to=-/6e)79o l-,e/t&" *e2-*o !0 ).)-**e *e .&o*079o *e e/te&oto=-/!" 2e, *e!.e&t/*o ,-o& -/te&e!!e e, *oe/7! 2-/)0l*! l-,e/to! GBRABES" K%%%J8 No (o,e," o ,-o& &e!e&2t&-o *e Stah!lococcus aureus !9o ! 6o!!! /!-! e )2-**e o&o6&1/;e" .o*e/*o !e 6:e& .&e!e/te / .ele e le!e! /el lo)l-:*!8 T&t/*o!e *e /-,-!" e!te! .o*e, *e!e/2ol2e& -/6e)7e! e!t6-lo))-)! e ,0-to! )&&e-, o ,-)&o&;/-!,o / /&-/8 E/t&et/to" ,-! e=.&e!!-2 .o!!-'-l-**e *e .&o*079o *e e/te&oto=-/! e, l-,e/to!" t&2! *e e!t6-lo)o)o! t&/!6e&-*o! * 6o/te /-,l" .&e)e e!t& 2-/)0l* /-,-! )o, ,!t-te" !e/*o 6&e3`e/te,e/te o'!e&2*o /o 'e&e e /o! )/-! *! tet! *! 2)!" .o*e/*o" .o&t/to" t-/;-& 6)-l,e/te o le-te GBRABES" K%%% OMES" K%%?J8
39
Co, -!!o" to&/o0!e )o,0, o le-te )&0 o0 /9o .!te0&-:*o !e& )o/!-*e&*o o ,-o& 2e1)0lo *e t&/!,-!!9o *e .t;e/o!" -/)l0-/*o S. aureus GOMES" K%%?J8 O ,e!,o 0to& -/* )-t 30e" .&t-),e/te to*o! o! -/)-*e/te! *e e/2e/e/,e/to l-,e/t& e!t6-lo))-)o" -/)l0-/*o 30ele! )0!*o! .elo! .&o*0to! l4)teo!" t+, !-*o t&-'01*o! o S. aureus" 30e o ;e/te )0!*o& *e -/to=-)79o l-,e/t& ,-! )o,0, e, to*o o ,0/*o8 Se;0/*o D2-! et l8 GK%J" to*! ! )e.! .to;+/-)! *e Stah!lococcus .&o*0:e, 0, e/:-, )o/(e)-* )o,o )o;0l!e" 30e ).: *e )o;0l& o .l!," .o&, /e, to*! 6o&,, o ,e!,o t-.o *e )ol/- /o ,e!,o ,e-o *e )0lt0&8 A!!-," o te!te *e )o;0l!e .o!-t-2 ,el(o& e2-*+/)- *e l'o&t&-o *e 30e 0, ** )e. *e e!t6-lo)o)o !e< .to;+/-) .& o (o,e,8 De!te ,o*o" l-,e/to! 30e /9o te/(, !-*o .&o)e!!*o! *e30*,e/te e .&e!e/te, )o/t;e, ')te&-ol;-) *e/t&o *o! .*&e! le;-!" .o*e&9o 2-& .&o2o)& -/to=-)79o e!t6-lo))-) !e" e, l;0, e!t4;-o * .&o*079o" o S8 0&e0! )&e!)e0 e .&o*0:-0 e/te&oto=-/ !06-)-e/te .& )0!& *oe/78 Se;0/*o Ro'e&t! et l8 G#$$$J" e=-!te, *-2e&!o! .&o*0to! l, *o le-te )&0" o/*e !e .o*e e/)o/t&& o S. aureus" )o,o o le-te e, ." o! l-,e/to! .&)o:-*o! &e6&-;e&*o! e )o/;el*o!" )o,o t,', !0.e&61)-e! e &e)-.-e/te!8
5.1." Salmonella
A! !l,o/el! !9o ,e,'&o! * 6,1l- E/te&o')te&-)ee8 El! !9o ')-lo! &, /e;t-2o! )&e!)e/*o e&o'-),e/te e /e&o'-),e/te e, te,.e&t0&! t-,! *e _C e .&o/t,e/te e=te&,-/*! e, te,.e&t0&! )-, *e _C GHOBBS ROBERTS" K%%%J8 El! .o*e, !e& -!ol*! *o -/te!t-/o *! .e!!o! e *o! /-,-!" t-/;-/*o l-,e/to! *-&et o0 -/*-&et,e/te t&2! *o! e=)&e,e/to! *e /-,-! / (o& *o 'te" t&2! *o e=)&e,e/to *! .e!!o!" o0 *e 4;0! .ol01*! .o& *e
40
Q0/to o )o/t&ole /o .&e.&o *o! l-,e/to!" *e2e!e 6:e& !e.&79o *o! l-,e/to! )&0! *o! )o:-*o!" 0!/*o!e *-6e&e/te! !0.e&61)-e! e e30-.,e/to!" .& !e .&e2e/-& )o/t,-/79o )&0:* ! ,9o! .o*e, t,', .!!& o&;/-!,o! *e l-,e/to .& l-,e/to o0t&o 6to& ,0-to -,.o&t/te e!to);e, 30e/te o0 6&- *o! l-,e/to! .& !e .&e2e/-& ,0lt-.l-)79o *e!!! ')t&-! GHo''! ^ Ro'e&t!" K%%%J8 Pe&e* G#$$J *e!)&e2e 30e Salmonella, !e .&e!e/te /o !o&2ete" !o'&e2-2e .o& 24&-o! /o!" .o-! !0.o&t '-=! te,.e&t0&!8
5.1.# $oliformes totais
O ;&0.o *e )ol-6o&,e! tot-! -/)l0- ! ')t&-! / 6o&, *e '!to/ete! &, /e;t-2o!" /9o e!.o&o;+/-)o!" e&'-! o0 /e&'-! 6)0ltt-2!" ).:e! *e 6e&,e/t& l)to!e )o, .&o*079o *e ;4!" e, #? ?@ ( _C8 O ;&0.o -/)l0)e&) *e #$ e!.)-e!" *e/t&e ! 30-! e/)o/t&,!e t/to ')t&-! o&-;-/4&-! *o t&to ;!t&-/te!t-/l *e (0,/o! e o0t&o! /-,-! *e !/;0e 30e/te" )o,o t,', *-2e&!o! ;+/e&o! e e!.)-e! *e ')t&-! /9o e/t&-)!" )o,o Serratia e Aeromonas" .o& e=e,.lo8
S'e!e 30e b)ol-6o&,e! tot-!b !9o 'o/! -/*-)*o&e! *! )o/*-7e! !/-t4&-! *o! l-,e/to!" e!t/*o" .o&t/to" .&e!e/te! e, !o&2ete! -/*-), 30e o)o&&e0 )o/t,-/79o .&o2e/-e/te * ,t&- .&-, o0 / et. *e .&o)e!!,e/to8
5.1.5 Escherichia coli
A E!)(e&-)(- )ol- 0, ,e,'&o * 6,1l- E/te&o')te&-)ee .&e!e/t/*o!e )o,o 0, )o)o')-lo &, /e;t-2o" /e&'-o 6)0ltt-2o" )o, te,.e&t0& t-, *e _C e .&o/t,e/te *e!t&01*o e, te,.e&t0&! )-, *e
41
_C8 É ;e&l,e/te e/)o/t&* /o -/te!t-/o (0,/o e /-,l e .o*e !e& -!ol* *o! l-,e/to! *e o&-;e, /-,l GHOBBS ROBERTS" K%%% RIBEIRO et l8" K%%%J8 E,'o& !e/*o 0, ('-t/te /o&,l e -/o6e/!-2o *o -/te!t-/o *e (o,e/! e /-,-!" l;0,! )e.! !9o .to;+/-)! e, )&-/7!" *0lto! e /-,-! 30/*o .&e!e/te! e, o0t&! .&te! *o )o&.o (0,/o" )o,o o t&to 0&-/4&-o o0 ,e/-/;e! o/*e el! .o*e, )0!& *oe/7!" !!-, )o,o -/to=-)7e! l-,e/t&e! GELE]" K%%? HOBBS ROBERTS" K%%%J8 A )o/t,-/79o *o! l-,e/to! !e *4 .&-/)-.l,e/te .o& )o/tto )o, ,te&-l 6e)l *e /-,-! -/6e)t*o! o0 )o/tto )o, !0.e&61)-e! !0<!" )o/t,-/*! )o, ')t&-8 A-/* /9o !e !'e o )e&to *o!e -/6e)t-2 /e)e!!4&- .& .&o2o)& o! !-/to,! .&t-& * -/;e!t9o *e l-,e/to! )o/t,-/*o!" .o&, *e )o&*o )o, **o! o't-*o! *e !0&to!" *o!e -/6e)t-2 .&e)e !e& 'e, '-=" !-t0/*o!e / 6-= *e K$ K$$$$ )l0l! .o& ;&, o0 ,-l-l-t&o *e .&o*0to )o/!0,-*o GNASCIMENTO STAMFORD" #$$$J8 Ce&) *e % *o! )ol-6o&,e! e=-!te/te! /! 6e:e! (0,/! e *e o0t&o! /-,-! !9o E. coli " e *e/t&e ! ')t&-! *e ('-tt &e)o/(e)-*,e/te 6e)l" *e/t&o *o ;&0.o *o! )ol-6o&,e! 6e)-!" E. coli " e,'o& t,', .o!! !e& -/t&o*0:-* .&t-& *e 6o/te! /9o 6e)-!" o ,el(o& -/*-)*o& *e )o/t,-/79o 6e)l )o/(e)-*o t o ,o,e/to" .o-! !t-!6: to*! ! e=-;+/)-! *e 0, -/*-)*o& -*el8 Po& e!!e ,ot-2o" ! te/*+/)-! t0-! !e *-&e)-o/, /o !e/t-*o * *ete)79o e!.e)16-) *e E. coli, )o, o *e!e/2ol2-,e/to *e *-2e&!o! ,to*o! 30e .e&,-te, e/0,e&79o
&4.-* *e!! e!.)-e *-&et,e/te GSILVA et l8" #$$$J8 S0 .&e!e/7 /o! l-,e/to! te, 0, !-;/-6-)*o -,.o&t/te" .o-! &e2el ! )o/*-7e! (-;-+/-)o!/-t4&-! *o! ,e!,o! GWAABI FRANCO" K%%KJ8
8# Pe&-;o! *e /t0&e: 301,-) e 61!-) É /e)e!!4&-o t,', *e!t)& o! .e&-;o! *e /t0&e: 301,-) e 61!-) l, *o! .e&-;o! *e /t0&e: '-ol;-)8 Co/t,-/7e! *e /t0&e: 301,-) .o*e, e!t& .&e!e/te! /o !o&2ete" .&o2e/-e/te! *e ,t&-!.&-,! *e ,4 30l-**e" 6l(! *0&/te o .&o)e!!,e/to" &,:e/,e/to" t&/!.o&te e )o,e&)-l-:79o8
42
O! &e!1*0o! 301,-)o! o&-0/*o! *e *&o;! 2ete&-/4&-!" &e!1*0o! *e .e!t-)-*!" /t-,-)&o'-/o! e ,et-! .e!*o! .&e!e/te! /o le-te t,', .o*e, )o,.&o,ete& !e;0&/7 *o !o&2ete GONÇALO" #$$# MURTA et l" K%%J8 P&o*0to! *e l-,.e: e !/-t-:79o e *-t-2o! !9o .e&-;o! 301,-)o! 30e .o*e, o)o&&e& /e!! )te;o&- *e l-,e/to" )!o o! .&o)e*-,e/to! *e !/-t-:79o e *e .e!;e, e e!)ol( *o! *-t-2o! * ,-!t0& /9o !e<, )o/*-:e/te! )o, ! 'o! .&4t-)! *e 6'&-)79o8 O! .e&-;o! *e /t0&e: 61!-) )o,o 6&;,e/to! *e ,etl o0 2-*&o .o*e, !e& o'!e&2*o! /o .&o)e!!o *e 6'&-)79o *o !o&2ete8
8 Me&)*o A .&o*079o *e !o&2ete /o B&!-l *t *e K@" e *e!*e l4 -/*!t&- !o&2ete-& 2e, '0!)/*o lte&/t-2! .& 0,e/t& o )o/!0,o8 O (4'-to *e !e )o/!0,-& !o&2ete ,-! )o,0, .&-/)-.l,e/te /! e!t7e! *e te,.e&t0&! ,-! lt!8 Se;0/*o A!!o)-79o B&!-le-& *! I/*!t&-! *e So&2ete! G#$$@J" o .e&1o*o e/t&e !ete,'&o e ,&7o &e;-!t& $ *o )o/!0,o *o! ,-! *e %$$ ,-l(e! *e l-t&o! .&o*0:-*o! /0l,e/te .el! e,.&e!! /)-o/-!" !e/*o .o) e, 30e .&o)0& .o& !'o&e! *e 6&0t 0,e/t8 W4 /o! ,e!e! ,e/o! 30e/te! o'!e&2*o o 0,e/to /! 2e/*! *e !'o&e! )o,o )(o)olte" )&e,e8 W4 / E0&o." .&-/)-.l,e/te / It4l- e / F&/7" o )o/!0,o *e !o&2ete! e !o&'et! !9o )o,0/! /o /o to*o <4 30e o !o&2ete e!t4 e/30*&*o / )te;o&- *e l-,e/to e /9o .e/! )o,o ;0lo!e-,Y *e 2e&9o8 U, *o! *e!6-o! *! -/*!t&-! *o !e;,e/to )o/!)-e/t-:& ,-l(e! *e )o/!0,-*o&e! e, .ote/)-l *e 30e o !o&2ete 0, l-,e/to &-)o e, 2lo& /0t&-t-2o e .&.&-o .& o )o/!0,o e, 30l30e& .o) *o /o8 Co/6o&,e /,e&o! *-20l;*o! /o !-te * ABIS G#$$@J" o )o/!0,o ,*-o .o& .e!!o /o B&!-l *e ?" l-t&o! /0-!8 O B&!-l -/* te, 1/*-)e! '-=o! *e
43
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