UNIVERSIDAD JUÁREZ AUTÓNOMA DE TABASCO DIVISIÓN ACADÉMICA DE INGENIERÍA Y ARQUITECTURA
LA!ORATORIO DE OPERACIONES UNITARIAS
CATEDRÁTICO: DR. JOSÉ DE LOS SANTOS LÓPEZ LÁZARO
PRÁCTICA 4: FILTRACIÓN
INTEGRANTES: GARCÍA OLIVA SAMUEL LÓPEZ CARMONA VICTOR JAIR PÉREZ DE LOS SANTOS LUIS EMILIO VARGAS PÉREZ JORGE LUIS LUGAR Y FECHA DE REALIZACIÓN 02SEPTIEM!RE20"# LA!ORATORIO LA!ORATORIO DE $UÍMICA $UÍMICA GENERAL GENERAL
FECHA DE ENTREGA 2%SEPTIEM!RE20"#
INTRODUCCIÓ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
MARCO TEÓRICO L& -1+&,-; *' /& ?,-,& 3/* )*+-* '*)&+&+ 1(' ';1-(' )+*'**' * /& &'* 1/-& * /,-; * '/ &&( * )&+7,/1&6 &,-*( )&'&+ ?'& & +&>?' * / *-( )(+('( *(-&( *-( -1+&* 3/* )*+-* '*)&+&+ -,(' ';1-(' 8 3/* '* -')(* '(9+* / -')('-->( ,((,-( ,(( '()(+* * -1+&,-;6 '-*( *1 5' *1**&1 / *9/( * -1+&,-;. L& '*)&+&,-; '* +*&1-=& @+&,-&' & 3/* 1(' )(+(' *1 *-( -1+&* '( 5' )*3/*(' 3/* 1&' )&+7,/1&' & '*)&+&+6 * (+& 3/* * *1 *-( -1+&* 3/*& +**-( *1 ';1-( 3/* '* *'*& '*)&+&+ *1 173/-( 3/* 1( &+&>-*'&6 3/* '* *(-& -1+&( O+(=,(6". E ((' 1(' -)(' * -1+&,-;6 1& *=,1& ( 1(( 1/8* *9-( & &1@/& &,,-; -)/1'(+&6 ,(( 1& @+&>*&6 1& )+*'-; ( &1 >&,7( ( )(+ 1& /*+=& ,*+7/@&. E1 *-( -1+&* +*-** 8 '()(+& & 1&' )&+7,/1&' ';1-&' 3/* >& (+&( /& (+& )(+('& '(9+* 1& 3/* '* '/)*+)(* *'+&(' '/,*'->(' & *-& 3/* *1 173/-( >& &+&>*'&( 1& (+& 8 *1 *-( -1+&*. E *1 1&9(+&(+-( * 3/7-,& /,&' >*,*' *' *,*'&+-( '*)&+&+ '/'&,-&' )+*'**' * /& &'* 173/-&6 3/* )/** *,(+&+'* -'/*1&' ( * '/')*'-;. P&+& *11( '* +*,/++* & /& '*+-* * ?,-,&' ,((,-&' ,( *1 (9+* @*?+-,( * ?((' * '*)&+&,-; P*+/,,- 8 ,(1'6 200%. E+* *11(' )/** -'-@/-+'* (' @+&*' @+/)(':
M?((' 3/* )*+-* '*)&+&+ )&+7,/1&' ';1-&' 3/* '* *,/*+& * '/')*'-;6 *+* 1(' 3/* '* *,/*+& 1& -1+&,-; 8 ,*+-/@&,-;. M?((' 3/* )*+-* '*)&+&+ '/'&,-&' -'/*1&' * /& &'* 1-3/-&6 /( * 1(' ,/&1*' *' 1& ,+(&(@+&7& * )&)*1.
L& -1+&,-; )/** /-1-=&+'* )&+& '*)&+&+ ,/&13/-*+ -)( * ';1-('6 ,( -*)**,-& * ,/51 '*& '/ *'-& ,( +*')*,( & 1& *1 1/-(. E' *')*,-&1** K-1 '- '* *'*& '*)&+&+ ';1-(' 3/* '* *,/*+& * )*3/*& ,&-& 8 3/* )+(/,* /+9-*=6 '- '* )+*,-'& +*&1-=&+ /& **+-&,-; ,/&-&->& * / -( )+*'** * -'(1/,-; )(+ )+*,-)-&,-; ,( / +*&,->(6 ( ''* *'*& /-1-=&+ /& * 1&' &'*' )&+& /& ()*+&,-; )('*+-(+.
TIPOS DE FILTROS Filtr! "l#$! U-1-=&( ,(( '()(+* * -1+&,-; / *9/( !,*+
Filtr! %&$i%!
E)1*& ,(( '()(+* * -1+&,-; / *9/( ,;-,(6 1 (' -1+(' ,;-,(' )/** '*+ 1-'(' ( * )1-*@/*'. L(' )+-*+(' '* *)1*& '- '* *'*& /-1-=&+ )('*+-(+** 1& &'* ';1-&6 -*+&' 3/* 1(' '*@/(' '* *)1*& ,/&( '* *'*& /-1-=&+ )('*+-(+** *1 -1+&(.
Filtr! '( #r($# L& -1+&,-; )(+ 1*,( * &+*& )*+-* (9**+ / &@/& * @+& ,&1-&. L(' -1+(' * &+*& '( 1(' *1**(' 5' /-1-=&(' )&+& -1+&+ &@/&' * 9&& 8 *-& ,(&-&,-; ,/&( 1& -*'-; * 1&' )&+7,/1&' ,(*-&' * *1 &@/& *' +*1&->&** )*3/*&. E1 &@/& 1/8* & +&>?' *1 1*,( * &+*& -&6 3/*&( +**-&' * *1 -1+( 1&' )&+7,/1&' * &8(+ &&(. É'&' 3/*& &+&)&&' )(+ *1 '-)1* **,( 7'-,( * ,*+-(6 8 1&' 5' )*3/*&' )(+ &*+*,-& & 1& '/)*+-,-* * 1&' ,&)&' '/)*+-,-&1*' *1 *1**( -1+&*. E1 -1+( '/+* / -,+**( * 1& )?+-& * ,&+@& & *-& 3/* >& +**-*( -)/+*=&'6 )(+ 1( 3/* &8 3/* )+(,**+ & /& 1-)-*=& )(+ ,(+&1&>&( )&+& &++&'+&+ (&' *'&' -)/+*=&' 8 *&+ *1 -1+( * )*+*,( /,-(&-*( R(9*+' 8 ,(1'. 6".
Filtr! "r($!# '( "l#%#! ) *#r%!+ U( * 1(' -)(' * -1+(' 5' -)(+&*' *' *1 -1+( )+*'& * )1&,&' 8 &+,('6 3/* ,('-'* * )1&,&' 8 &+,(' &1*+&(' ,( /& *1& -1+&* & ,&& 1&( * 1&' )1&,&'.
Filtr! 'i!%$ti$,! '( -#%.+ L(' -1+(' )+*'& S- 8 ,(1'.6 " '( (+&1** -',(-/('6 -*+&' 3/* 1(' * >&,7( 1( '( ,(-/('. S- *9&+@(6 / -1+( -',(-/( * >&,7( +*'/1& & >*,*' /8 K-1.
C/l%,l! '( 0iltr#%i&$ E1 *-( -1+&* +*-** & 1(' ';1-('6 *&( )&'&+ &1 -1+&(6 8 1& (+& ,(-K& &/*&( * *')*'(+6 (+*,-*( &'7 5' +*'-'*,-& &1 1/( *1 173/-( -1+&(. E'& &,,-; ,(-K& /+&* (( *1 +*'( * 1& -1+&,-;. A1 -&1 * 1& -'&6 1(' )+(/,(' '(: *1 173/-( -1+&(6 1& (+& )(+('& * ';1-(' 8 *1 1/-( +**-( )(+ 1(' )(+(' * 1& (+&.
Fr*#%i&$ '( l# trt#
D/+&* 1& (+&,-; * 1& (+& )+*(-& *1 1/( * +?@-* 1&-&+ G*&B()1-'6 "6 8 1& >*1(,-& 1-*&1 *1 1/-( * ,/&13/-*+ -'&* (v) >-** && )(+ 1& '-@/-** *,/&,-;: v=
1 a
*
dV dt
=
K ( − ∆ Pc) L µ
S-*( V >(1/* *1 -1+&(. A 5+*& *1 *-( -1+&*.
L *')*'(+ * 1& (+&. t -*)(. K )*+*&9-1-&6 gcD p2 F R* %2F f . -QPc -*+*,-& * )+*'-; & +&>?' * 1& (+&.
C$%l,!i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
BIBLIOGRAFÍA ". G*&B()1-'6 C. ". Procesos de transporte y operaciones unitarias. S*<& *-,-;. D-'+-( **+&16 M?<-,(: E-(+-&1 C(-*&1. 2. **6 . "2. $/7-,& G**+&1. T*+,*+& *-,-;. M&+-6 E')&&: M, G+&H-11. %. M,&9*6 .6 S-6 J. 8 H&++-(6 P. ". Operaciones Unitarias en Ingeniería uí!ica . C/&+& *-,-;. M&+-6 E')&&: E-(+-&1 M, G+& H-11. 4. O+(=,(6 M. ". O)*+&,-(*' U-&+-&'. T*+,*+& E-,-;. D-'+-( F**+&16 M?<-,(: E-(+-&1 L-/'&. #. P*+/,,-6 R.H.6 H&+((6 .S. 8 H*++-@ F.G. 200%. uí!ica "enera#. O,&>& *-,-;. M&+-6 E')&&: E-(+-&1 P+*-,* H&11. . R(9*+'6 J.6 -*(/'*6 D.G.". Practica# P#ant P$ysio#ogy. P+-*+& E-,-;. M&+-6 E')&&:E-(+-&1 L(@&. . S-6 I. ". %&cnicas 'sicas en e# a*oratorio de ui!ica. S*@/& *-,-; ). V&11&(1-6 E')&&+ E-(+-&1 U->*+'-& * V&11&(1-.