TE090443 Programmable Logic Controller
Sensor dan Aktuator Ir. Jos Pramudijanto, M.Eng. Jurusan Teknik Elektro FTI IT ITS Telp. 5947302 Fax.5931237 Email:
[email protected] Programmabl Progr ammable e Logic Control Controller ler - 02
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Objektif: Penger Peng erti tian an Sen enssor da dan n Ak Aktu tuat ator or Sensors: Position sensors Velocity sensors Acceleration sensors Temperature sensors Force sensors Pressure sensors Light sensors
Actuators Motor Relay Aktuator Hidrolik Programmabl Progr ammable e Logic Control Controller ler - 02
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Pengertian Sensors da dan Aktuator Sensor - an electronic transducer that converts some physical quantity into an electrical quantity
Aktuator - an electronic transducer that converts electrical energy into a physical quantity. Programmabl Progr ammable e Logic Control Controller ler - 02
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Position Sensors Potentiometer (rotary and linear) Proximity switch (mechanical) Piezo-ceramic, piezo-resistive LVDT
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Potensiometer Sensor analog yang bekerja seperti divider
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Potensiometer untuk posisi
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Analog and Digital Sensors Rotary
Linear
Optical Encoder
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Rotary Optical Encoder
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Increment Encoder Generally Have two picks up that are 90 degrees out of Phase (A and B) This allows you to determine the direction of rotation and thus count up or down By using the rising and falling edges of both A and B we can get 4 times the number of slots. May have one or more index marks for homing.
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Absolute Encoder Gray Code Vs Binary Gray Code only changes by one bit per transition. At least one sensor per track. 11
01
11
01
01
00
00
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Synchro
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Rangkaian Synchro
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Velocity Sensors Accelerometer (piezo-electric)
Optical Encoder –absolute or incremental position, direction
Tachometer – shaft velocity, typically a PM DC motor
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Tachogenerator Sensor ini konstruksinya mirip motor DC magnet permanen. Tegangan keluaran yang dihasilkan berupa tegangan DC.
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Acceleration sensors Accelerometers measure acceleration, vibration and shock measurements Typical device:outputs from 100m to 2.5V/g.
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Gaya/Torsi Strain gage
Piezo-electric (AC coupled)
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Sensor Tekanan
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Types of Strain Gages Single Element
Rosette Gages
Rata-rata stress pada luasan gage. Ukuran gage sangat penting! *Apply set of equations to determine coordinate stress components. Programmable Logic Controller - 02
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Load sensors See: http://www.entran.com/ela.htm 100 through 10,000Lbs
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Sensor Temperatur
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What are thermocouples? Thermocouples operate under the principle that a circuit made by connecting two dissimilar metals produces a measurable voltage (emf-electromotive force) when the two ends of the thermocouple circuit are at different temperatures.
They are inexpensive, small in size, rugged and remarkably accurate when used with an understanding of their peculiarities. Programmable Logic Controller - 02
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Bahan Material Thermocouple Chromel - Constantan (E Curve) Iron - Constantan (J Curve) Chromel - Alumel (K Curve) Platinum+Rhodium 13% - Platinum (R Curve) Platinum+Rhodium 10% - Platinum (S Curve) Copper - Constantan (T Curve) Tungsten - Rhenium (C Curve)
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Thermocouple Material Vs EMF Types T, J, and K are most commonly used thermocouples.
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RTD (R esistance Temperature Detector) Bekerja berdasarkan perubahan resistansi logam karena perubahan temperatur Berbagai logam yang sering digunakan untuk RTD platina (linier, sangat mahal, umum dipakai) Nikel (range temperatur lebih rendah, lebih murah, nonlinier) Nickle alloys (range temperatur lebih rendah, lebih murah) Tembaga (range temperatur lebih rendah)
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Thermistor 1 1 β − T To
R =R oe where
R o = reference resistance measured at To T
= measured temperature
β
= material constant
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Sensor Temperatur IC LM335
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Sensor Temperatur IC AD590/AD592
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Light sensors Photo-voltaic cell
CdS sensor (R output) Phototransistor Programmable Logic Controller - 02
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Non-Contact Sensors Ultrasonic
Optical Magnetic (Inductive, Reed, Hall Effect) Laser vibrometer, interferometer Capacitive Eddy current Programmable Logic Controller - 02
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Aktuator Roda Gigi Servomotor Inverter
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Aktuator Driver Amplifier Silinder Hidrolik Z
Selenoid Hidrolik
P2
A 2
mL Vo
BL
Y k1 P1 A1
Selenoid
Distribut ion Valve x
q-out
q-in
q-out
ko es q-out
q-in
q-out
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Relay Mekanik dan Elektrik
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