PLANT TERMINOLOGY A
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give readings that ABSOLUTE PRESSURE: Pressure gauges give represent the difference between the pressure being measured and and the the pres pressu sure re of the the atmos atmosph phere ere.. Thes These e readi readings ngs are known as “Gauge Pressure” and can be converted to total or absolut absolute e pressur pressure e by adding adding the baromet barometric ric or atmosp atmospheri heric c pressure. For For ea eamp mple le!! "ir "ir #om #ompre press ssor or disc discha harge rge press pressur ure e $ %.&kg'cm( )g* $
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$
&.&--kg'cm(
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ABSORBER: " piece of euipment euipment in in which a gas or or liuid is taken in by contact with another material )or liuid'gas*.
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ABSORPTION: The taking up of of a gas or vapor by a liuid/ the taking up of a liuid by a solid/ or the taking up of energy )heat/ light/ 0ray* another material.
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ACETYLENE C 2H2: " colorless/ highly flammable gas that is eplosive when compressed/ the simplest compound containing a triple triple bond. bond. 2n "34s "34s// concentra concentratio tion n of # (5( in condenser could ould lead ead to epl eplos osiion. on. 6n cas case of inc increas reasin ing g trend rend of acetyl acetylene ene concen concentra tratio tion/ n/ condens condenser er liuid liuid should should be drained drained gradually. gradually. 7eason for such trend should be traced immediately/ immediately/ such as a diesel engine running near air compressor suction filters should be stopped.
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ADSORPTION: The concentra concentration tion of a gas/ liuid liuid or or solid on on the surf surfac ace e of a soli olid. The The adso adsorb rbin ing g mate materi rial al can can be reactivated and reused. 8ample! 8ample! The adsorption adsorption of hydrocarbons hydrocarbons on new beds beds )silica )silica gel*.
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ADSORBER: " piece of euipment used for adsorption.
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AFTERCOOLER: Proces Process s vessel vessel used used for for final final cooli cooling ng of a process fluid after compression. 8am 8ample ple!! :itr :itrog ogen en #omp #ompres resso sorr "ft "fter er cool cooler er "ir ;ooster #ompressor "fter cooler
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ALARM: " device device )either )either light or bell or both* which which indicates indicates that some function in the unit has eceeded its predetermined limit. 8am 8ample ple!! Flow
5igh 5igh Pressu Pressure/ re/ 5igh 5igh Tem Tempe perat ratur ure e =ow =evel/ =evel/ 5igh 5igh
>. ALARM PANEL: That That port portio ion n of a contro controll panel panel used used for for mounting alarm lights/ etc. 8ample! The top portion of "34 panel.
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ALGAE: 3eaweeds/ pond scrums and a variety of microscopic plants inhabiting fresh and salt waters. 8am 8ample ple!! "lgae "lgae growth growth in seaw seawat ater er inta intake ke pit whic which h coul could d block the 3?'#? plate echangers.
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ALIGNMENT: The The posi posittioni ioning ng of two two or more more piec pieces es of euipment to form a line. 8ample! @otor and pump/ motor and compressor/ compressor/ etc.
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ALUMINA: " desicc desiccant ant// alumi aluminum num oid oide e )"=(2-* used used for drying gases. 8ample! "lumina gel in gel dryers.
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AMBIENT TEMPERATURE: environment.
The temp tempera erature ture in the the outsi outside de
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AMMETER: "n instr instrum umen entt to measu measure re the magn magnit itud ude e of electric current flow. flow.
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AMPERES (AMPS): " unit of measure of the electrical electrical current flow in a wire. wire. 6t is similar similar to “cubic “cubic meters of a liuid” liuid” flow in a pipe.
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ANALYSIS: " labo labora rato tory ry proc proced edur ure e composition of a substance.
to dete determ rmin ine e
the the
8ample! #opper ammonia test )orsat analysis* analysis* 19.
ANALYZER: "n instrume instrument nt used used to measure measure the uanti uantity ty of one/ several or all components of a process stream. 8am 8ample ple!! 2( anal analyA yAer ers s to meas measur ure e 2( cont conten ents ts in pure pure gaseous nitrogen/ waste nitrogen/ poor liuid/ etc.
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ANODE: The positive positive terminal terminal of an electrolytic cell. "n anode can be made made of carbon/ carbon/ Ainc/ Ainc/ or magnes magnesium ium.. 4sed 4sed to slow corrosion or electroplating. 8ample! 3acrificial anodes installed installed in Trickling Trickling #ooler/ #ooler/ ?ater ?ater #ooler/ etc.
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ANTI SURGE: 3ince compressor compressor surge surge can only only occur occur when when certain pressure and flow conditions are met/ an “anti surge” devi devic ce gener eneral ally ly cons onsists ists of aut automat omatic ic ins instrum trumen enta tati tion on designed designed to prevent these these conditions conditions.. 6t may be actuated actuated by by flow or pressure conditions/ or both/ and it may control either flow or pressure or both. 8ample! 8ample! "nti 3urge #ontrolle #ontrollerr for "ir #ompress #ompressors ors -(0P6#0 -(0P6#0 111,.
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ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: The pressure pressure at any any point point in an atmosphere solely due to the weight of the atmospheric gases )air* above the point concerned. 8ample! "tmospheric pressure at sea level! 1.,-- kg cm( AUTO (Automati): 6t refer refers s to the the operati operation on of a chemi chemical cal unit/ mechanical device/ etc. without the assistance of operating personnel. The opposite of "utomatic 2peration is B@":4"=”.
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AUTOMATIC CONTROL: The ability ability to sense sense or measure measure the value of a variable )flow/ )flow/ pressure/ level/ temperature/ etc.* and act to hold it at desired value )set point*.
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BAC! FLUSH (Ba" #a$%): 7everse the the normal flow of liuid thro throug ugh h a sc scre reen en or cond conden ense serr to remo remove ve all all the the trap trappe ped d particles. 8ample! 8ample! ;ack wash wash cleaning operation operation for 3?'#? 3?'#? #oolerCs/ #oolerCs/ filters/ #? strainer.
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BAFFLE (H&at E'%a&*): Plates on a tube bundle bundle used to to control the flow path on the shell side of a heat echanger.
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BEARING: " machi machine ne part that suppor supports ts another another part which which rotates/ slides/ or oscillates in or on it. 8ample! 8ample! Different Different kinds kinds of bearing bearing used in the plant/ plant/ Eournal Eournal bearing/ thrust bearing/ ball bearing/ etc.
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BLAC! LIGHT: LIGHT: 4ltra 4ltravi viol olet et light light used used in the insp inspec ecti tion on of euipme euipments nts to be used in oygen oygen servic service. e. 2il fluore fluoresce scence nce under black light.
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BLAN!ETING: The process process of putting putting nitrogen nitrogen into the the vapor space above the liuid in a tank to prevent any air leakage into the tank. 8ample!
:( blanketing for =:'=2 atm. tanks :( blanketing of flammable products
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BLEEDING: ?ithdrawing ?ithdrawing from from a line or vessel vessel a small small portion portion of the contaminated material/ usually by slightly crack opening a valv valve e in the line line or on the vesse vessel. l. "lso "lso// removi removing ng an air air pocket from a liuid line.
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BLIND BLIND (B+a"): (B+a"): " sha shape ped d piece piece of meta metall plate plate whic which h is inserted between the flanges to provide a positive means of stopping the flow from either direction/ isolating the pipe on each side of the flange.
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BLIND FLANGE: " circular circular plate with with bolt holes holes used to cap cap the flange on the end of a pipe.
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BLOC! ,AL,E: AL,E: " posi positi tive ve shut shut off valve valve which which isola isolate te or interrupt the flow through a pipe or from a vessel.
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BLO# BLO# DO#N: DO#N: " strea stream/ m/ usual usually ly liuid liuid// that is remov removed ed cont contin inuo uous usly ly or peri period odic ical ally ly from from a proc proces ess s gene genera rall lly y for for cleanup purposes. 8ample! #ontinuous blow down from #? Pit
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BLO# OFF: To vent a gas to the atmospher atmosphere e or another unit through a passage provided for this purpose. 8ample! 8ampl e! enting of air through P011 P0111, is blow off.
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BLO#ER: "ir brake type fan with the the 8pansion Turbine. 6t is is run by the energy available from the epansion of air )or ?:* in the turbine. turbine. ;lowers ;lowers or fan usually usually donCt donCt provide provide appreciable appreciable pressure rise but are used to more large amount of gases.
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BLO#ING: The process of adding a compressed gas )nitrogen or air* air* into into a line ine in orde orderr to clea clearr the line ine for unwan nwante ted d materials. E'am-+&: #lea #leani ning ng of oyg oygen en'n 'nit itro roge gen n pressuriAed G: in the commissioning period.
pipe pipeli line nes s
with with
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BOILING POINT: The temper temperatu ature re at which which a subst substanc ance e is converted to vapor.
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BOIL UP: ?hen ?hen heat heat is adde added d to vapor vaporiA iAe e a liu liuid id as in distillati distillations/ ons/ the vapor vapor evolved is termed termed as “boil up”. The boil up rate is directly proportional to the heat added. 8ample! ;oil up of oygen in the "34 condenser. condenser.
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BONNET: The portion portion of a valve body body through which which the stem stem leaves the body body.. The bonnet bonnet contains contains the stem stem packing. packing. The bonnet may be etra long for cold service or finned for hot service.
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BOOSTER PUMP: " machine used to raise the pressure level level of any field stream which has been previously subEected to a pumping operation. 8ample! "ir ;ooster #ompressor
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BOURDO BOURDON N PRESSU PRESSURE RE GAUGE: GAUGE: " mechan mechanica icall pressur pressure e meas measur uring ing inst instru rumen mentt empl employ oyin ing g as its its sens sensin ing g elem element ent// a curv curved ed or twis twiste ted d meta metall tube tube flat flatte tene ned d in cros cross s sect sectio ion n and and closed on one end.
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BRA!E: To brake brake is to stop. 8ither 8ither electric electric drive/ overhead overhead crane/ etc. when positive stop is necessary. necessary.
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BREA!ER 7 B!R: 8lectrical device to open or close electrical circ circui uits ts to eui euipm pmen ent. t. #an #an be eith either er manu manual al or elec electr tric ic contro controlle lled. d. 3ome 3ome breakers breakers are automat automated ed to open to protect protect electrical euipment from over current/ high temperature/ etc.
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BUBBLE CAP: @etallic @etallic caps covering covering holes holes in a column tray tray.. apor passes up through the liuid on the tray through slots in the cap to the net tray. tray.
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BUBBLE CAP TRAY: " tray in a distillation column consisting of a casting perforated with chimney like “risers”/ which are capped with bubble caps.
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BUBBLE CAP COLUMN: " distillation column so concentrated that the vapors generated in it pass upward through layers of condensate contained on a series of tray. The vapor passes from a given tray to the net above by bubbling under a cap and and out through the liuid layer. layer. The less volatile components of the vapor condense and the ecess liuid overflows to the net tray below and so on.
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BUFFER SOLUTIONS: " solu solutio tion n which which is a combinat combination ion of chemicals/ which when added to another solution/ resists any
change in hydrogen ion concentration )P5* on the addition of an acid or a base. %.
BUNDLE BUNDLE (H&at (H&at E'%a E'%a&* &*): ): " bu bunch of tu tubes and and the the attached tube sheet)s* of o f heat echanger.
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BUS BAR: " copper/ aluminum/ silver/ silver/ etc. bar of various siAes used to carry current curre nt in electrical switchgear.
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BUS: :etwork of energiAed sections of switchgear. switchgear.
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BUTTERFLY ,AL,E: AL,E: " “pan “pan cak cake” e” type type valv valve e with with a gate pinned at top and bottom allowing the gate to turn across or in line with flow.
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BYPASS: "n alternate route around a piece of euipment.
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BY/PRODUCT: " product product from from a chemical process process that that is not considered the principal material. #! Degree centigrade C
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CABLE CABLE (E+&t* (E+&t*ia+ ia+): ): aluminum/ etc.
8lec 8lectr tric ical al
con condu duct ctor ors s
of
copp copper er//
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CALIBRATION: Determinat nation of the the accurac racy of an inst instru rume ment nt by findi inding ng its its vari ariatio ation n from rom some ome standa andard rd measurement. 8ample! #alibration of pressure gauge/ meters/ etc.
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CANAL: " large deep ditch filled with water. water.
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CAPACITY: a* b*
7ela elating to a tank! @ai aimum volu olume 7ela 7elati ting ng to to a spe speci cifi fic c eu euip ipme ment nt// a uni unitt or or to to a pla plant nt!! @aimum production or output
E'am-+&: a* #apacity of of Fi Fire ?a ?ater Ta Tank b* #apac apaciity of :itroge ogen #om #omp pres ressor
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CASCADE: 6t refers refers to a control control system system involving involving two two or more contro controlle llers. rs. 2ne instrum instrument ent measure measure a process process variabl variable e )as tempe empera ratture ure or pres pressu sure re** and and rese resets ts a secon econd d proc proces ess s condition )as flow* through another controller. 8am 8ample ple!! #asc #ascad ade e sy syst stem em for "irfl "irflow ow ((0F6# ((0F6#0(& 0(&1% 1% with with analyAer -(0"6#0->(
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CATALYST: "ny substance which which affects the rate of a chemical reaction and which/ in general/ remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.
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CATHODIC PROTECTION: 3ystem 3ystem by which D.#. charge is induced across underground pipes to stop'slowdown corrosion. 8ample! #athodic protection system system for all underground pipes of #?/ Potable ?ater/ ?ater/ 6"/ process streams in the plant.
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CAUSTIC: 3odium 5ydroi 5ydroide de or caustic caustic soda/ mostly mostly used used to neutraliAe acids. #austic has a sharp pungent odor/ odor/ is a heavy musky liuid and is etremely haAardous to the skin and eyes. 8ample! %,H caustic solution is used in cooling water system to improve the P5 value.
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CA,ITATION: 6f a centrifugal centrifugal pump suction head is low/ low/ suction is plugged/ then cavitation may occur/ which is the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in the liuid. " crackling sound is produced by cavitation due to violent collapse of vapor bubbles. 6t causes pitting and erosion e rosion of the impeller impe ller..
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CENTRIFUG CENTRIFUGAL AL COMPRESSOR COMPRESSOR:: " comp compres resso sorr that that uses uses centrifugal force to impart pressure and velocity to a gas is a #entrifugal #entrifugal #ompresso #ompressorr. 5igh velocity velocity gas from from the impeller impeller passes through the diffuser/ which is of larger radius where its velocity decreases and pressure increases.
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CENTRIFUGAL: @oving @oving 6 a direct direction ion away away from from a center center or ais.
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP: " pump that imparts imparts velocit velocity y to liuid liuid by centrifugal force and then converts some of the velocity to pressure.
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CHANNEL HEAD: " compartment compartment at each each end of a shell shell and tube heat echanger which distribute the tube side fluid to the tubes or the inlet end or collect the fluid from the tubes on the outlet end.
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ARGE (To Fi++): To fill with with some prescribed amount. amount. 8ample! #harging of %, kg caustic soda into the #? pit.
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! GAS: " gas used to check the calibration of an analyAer. analyAer. 8ample! #heck gas for analyAer calibration. calibration.
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CHEC! ,AL,E: " valve with an internal internal flapper that will allow liuid or gas to flow in one direction only. only.
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CHLORINE: " chemical used to treat water to stop the growth of auatic life. 8ample! 4se of sodium hypochlorite in 3? pit.
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CHROMATOGRAPHY: "n anal analy ytic tical tec techn hniiue ue used used to dete determi rmine ne the the indi indivi vidu dual al impur impurit itie ies s in a sampl sample e of chemi chemica call liuid liuid or gas. 4nit 4nit chromato chromatograp graphs hs are used on the process process stream reams s to detect impuri puritties in the produ roduc cts/ such as hydrocarbons.
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CO2 (Ca*8o Dio'i9&): -%, ppm in the the air. air. 8ample 8ample!! #2( in the proc proces ess s air air strea tream m is remo remov ved in @olecular 3ieve "bsorbers.
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CO2 (E'tiui$%&*): " fire fire eting etinguis uisher her using using liuid liuid carbon carbon dio dioid ide e stor stored ed under under press pressur ure e for for use use as an eti etingu nguis ishi hing ng agent.
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COLD END: The piping piping and and euipmen euipments ts at the the cold side side of heat echangers is called cold end.
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COLLECTION HEADER: draining into it.
" header header which which has has sever several al lines lines
8amp ample le!! ?G heade headerr in whic which ?G lines lines from from two two heat heat echangers meet.
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COLOR COMPARIS COMPARISON: ON: ?hich is is do done to ch check # (5( concentration in a liuid liu id air'oygen sample in " test.
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COLUMN: " disti distilla llatio tion n vessel vessel in which liuid liuid materi material al are sepa separa rate ted d from from one one anot anothe herr by util utiliA iAin ing g the the boil boilin ing g poin pointt difference between the materials.
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COMBUSTION: "ny chemical action producing noticeable light and heat.
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COMPOUND: " subs substan tance ce which which may be decomp decomposed osed into into two or more elements by chemical change.
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COMPRESSOR: " mac machi hine ne used used to rais raise e a gas gas press pressure ure above atmospheric pressure.
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CONCENTRATE: To inc increas rease e the amou amount nt of disso dissolv lved ed substance by evaporation. 8am 8ample ple!! "s liuid liuid oyg oygen en evap evapora orate tes s in the cond condens enser er// acetylene concentration increases.
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CONDENSATION: The transforming of a gas to a liuid.
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CONDENSATE: ?ater formed by condensing steam. steam.
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CONDENSE: To transform from the gaseous state to the liuid state. For instance/ steam steam is cooled and condensed to to water to to form condensate.
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CONDENSER: " heat heat ech echang ange e that is used used to conden condense se vapors to a liuid.
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CONDUCTION: The flow of heat through a solid.
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CONDUCTI,ITY: " measurement of resistance resistance of a substance.
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CONTROLLER: "n inst instrum rumen entt devic device e which which maint maintai ains ns a process variable at a specific rate. 8ample! -(0=6#0(-1 cooling water water line to 8 cooler.
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INDICATING CONTROLLER: "n instrum instrument ent that indicates indicates a variable reading and actuates a secondary device to maintain the specified rate. 8ample! 8ample! -(0F6#0((1 -(0F6#0((1 maintains maintains T# T# flow at specifi specified ed rate of say <, m 'hr.
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CONTROL CONTROL ROOM: " roo room m from from which which the the opera operato torr and technical personnel control the process.
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COOLER: " heat heat echa echanger nger that that is used used to cool a proces process s material down to a lower temperature. 8ample! 2il coolers on the compressors. compressors.
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CORROSION: ?ear on metal caused by nature )moisture/ air/ air/ etc.* or a process material )acidic atmosphere/ etc.*
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CORROSION RAC!: " rack used used to hold coupons coupons of various various meta metals ls to meas measure ure the the corro corrosi sion on rate rate of thes these e meta metals ls in a process stream.
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COUPLING (Ma%i&*): The connection device between two pieces pieces of rotati rotating ng euipmen euipments/ ts/ such such as betwee between n an electr electric ic motor and a pump.
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COUPLING (Pi-&): " short pipe pipe sleeve sleeve with with internal internal threads threads used to Eoin two sections of pipe.
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CRANE: " petrol or diesel lifting lifting device with a long boom and capacity for lifting heavy euipments.
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CRITICAL SPEED: The The 7P@ 7P@ at whic which h a rotati rotating ng piec piece e of euipme euipment nt shakes shakes or vibrat vibrates es as it passes passes throug through h differe different nt speed ranges/ usually occurs during startup.
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CRYOGENICS: 8tremely cold gases and liuids which are at a temperature temperature of I1%,# or colder. colder. 2ygen/ 2ygen/ :itrogen/ :itrogen/ "rgon/ "rgon/ 5elium/ 5ydrogen/ and @ethane are some of the most common cryogenic gases.
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C#R: #ooling ?ater 7eturn
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C#S: #ooling ?ater 3upply
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CYCLE: "n altern alternat atio ion n or switc switchi hing ng of some someth thing ing such such as euipment or machinery. machinery. 8ample! 7egeneration cycle for @olsieve "bsorbers every J% hrs. D
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DECANT: To pour from one vessel to another under gravity or by a pump. 8ample! Decanting of =: from atm. atm. tank to =: tanker through a pump.
1,,. DECANTER: " vessel vessel used to decant decant or to receive receive decanted decanted liuid. 1,1. DELTA P (; P): The difference difference in pressure between two points in a process system. 8ample 8ample!! "34.
K P between between top and and bottom bottom of lower colum column n on
1.26 DELT DELTA P (; T): T): The diffe difference rence in temperatu temperature re between between two points in a process system. 8ample! K T for oil entering and leaving a cooler. cooler.
1.6 DEMISTER: 8uipment 8uipment used in boilers boilers// vaporiAer vaporiAer// vessels vessels to remove the mist from the evolving vapors. 8ample! Demister pad for T# cooler. cooler.
1.46 DENSITY: The weight of a material from a given volume. 8ample! Density of water $ 1 gm'cc. 1.<6 DESICCANT: " dryi drying ng agent agent used used to dry inst instru rume ment nt air/ air/ process gas/ etc. 8ample! 3ilica gel 1.=6 DESIGN CONDITIONS: The conditions under which a piece of euipment is designed to operate. 8ample! 8ample! Design Design temperature temperature of air separation separation unit feed stock stock is (#. 1.06 DE,IATION: "n inst instru rume ment nt term term.. "ny "ny inst instan anta tane neou ous s difference between set point and control point. 1.>6 DE# POINT: POINT: Temperature emperature at which which a vapor or gas gas begins to condense to a liuid. 1.?6 DIAPHRAGM: " thin thin fleible fleible sheet of material/ material/ which which is used as a tran transm smis issi sion on medi media a in pump pumps/ s/ valv valves es// swit switch ches es and and meters. 11.6 DISTILLATE: The product of distillation distillation formed by condensing condensing vapors. 1116 DISTILLATION: Distillation is the separation of the constituents of a liuid miture by partial vaporiAation of the miture and separate recovery of vapors and residue. 6n general/ distillation is the term applied to vaporiAation processes in which the vapor evolved is recovered/ usually by condensation. 1126 DISTILLED DISTILLE D #ATER: #ATER: ?ater ?ater which which has been evaporate evaporated d and condensed condensed leaving behind behind all of its its maEor impuritie impurities. s. Distilled Distilled
water is used as boiler feed water and in the laboratory to prepare high purity solution. 8am 8ample ple!! solution.
Dist Distil ille led d wate waterr is used to prepa prepare re “2rst “2rstat at Tes Test” t”
116 DOUBLE ,AL,E AL,E AND ,ENT ,ENT:: To close close off two two valve valves s in the same line and vent between these valves. 1146 DO#N COMER: COMER: 6t is a condui conduitt or pipe provi provided ded for for passing passing liuid from one distillation tray to the tray below. 11<6 DO#N STREAM: " point in the direction of of flow away from the point in uestion. 11=6 DRIER: " vessel vessel filled filled with with a chemical/ so so that the gas )or air* can pass through and the moisture absorbed by the chemical. containe inerr in which oil or other other chemica chemicals ls are 1106 DRUM Oi+): " conta shipped. 11>6 DRYER: 6s a device for removing moisture from from solids/ liuids/ or gases. Generally Generally// drying refers refers to the the removing removing of a liuid )water* from a solid by evaporation. 11?6 DRY PO#DER E@TINGUISHER: " fire etinguisher etinguisher using a sodium sodium bicarb bicarbonat onate e base base powder powder as an eting etinguis uishin hing g agent agent and #2( in a cartridge as the epellent gas. E 12.6 EFFICIENCY: @ethod of of showing showing how well a unit unit is operating operating in converting and recovering materials. 8ample! 7atio of materials 6: to to products 24T.
1216 EFFLUENT: 6s a term term used to denote some type of discharged liuid. 8ample! the waste water that leaves on plant.
1226 EMERGENCY TRIP: " device )either electri electric c push button button or manu manual* al* inst instal alle led d to shut shutdow down n a mach machin ine e or sy syst stem em in the the emergency. 8ample 8ample!! 8mergen 8mergency cy push buttons buttons for pumps'co pumps'compre mpresso ssors rs installed on the panel. 126 EMERGENCY EMERGENC Y ,ENT: ,ENT: " vent system which which is set to vent when the pressure of a vessel reaches the maimum safe pressure. 8ample! 8mergency vent of =6:'=2L atm. tanks. 1246 ENDOTHERM ENDOTHERMIC IC REACTION: REACTION: absorbs or takes in heat.
" chem chemic ical al reac reacti tion on whic which h
12<6 ENTRAINMENT: =iuid droplets or solid particles carried carried along in a vapor stream/ generally due to velocity/ turbulence or upset of the process. 8ample! 8ntrainment of water water droplets from T# cooler. cooler. 12=6 ENTRY: Defined Defined as intr introduc oductio tion n of the entire entire person person into into a vessel or euipment/ or insertion of any portion of the body into a vessel or euipment eu ipment where there is possibility of inEury. inEury. 8amp ample le!! “8nt “8ntry ry Permi ermitt” is reu reuir ired ed bef before ore any any of the maintenance crew enters the :itrogen #ompressor housing. 1206 EROSION: The wearing wearing away of material/ material/ often often metal/ metal/ by fluid moving at relatively high velocity across the surface which is affected. 6t is physical process not a chemical process. 12>6 E,APORATES: solid or residue.
To convert convert into into vapors vapors leavi leaving ng behind behind any
used to vaporiAe vaporiAe liuid liuid into gas/ as 12?6 E,APORATOR: " device used ;low 8vaporator 8vapora tor.. 1.6 E@OTHERMIC REACTION: " chemical reaction in which heat is given off.
116 E@PANSION: Phys Physic ical al charac characte teris risti tics cs of materia materials ls which which make makes s them them grow grow when when thei theirr temp temper erat atur ure e incr increa ease ses s )or )or pressure decreases*.
126 E@PANSION E@PANSION OINT: OINT: @echanical @echanical device used to compensat compensate e for epansion force. 3ometimes called “8pansion ;ellows”. 16 E@PANSI E@PANSION ON TURBINE: TURBINE: " rota rotary ry eui euipm pmen entt actu actuat ated ed by reaction current of fluid )?: or "67* and drops pressure of fluid by epanding the gas molecules/ thus producing cold. 146 E@PLOSIMETER: " portable portable instrum instrument ent used to measure measure the concentration of combustible gas or vapors. chemical al reaction reaction or change of state state which is 1<6 E@PLOSION: " chemic effected in an eceeding short space of time with the generation of a high temperature and generally a large uantity of gas. 1=6 1=6 E@PL E@PLOS OSIO ION N PROOF PROOF:: " housing which which is capable capable to contain contain the inside or outside eplosion within itself. 106 EYE#ASH: " piece of personnel safety euipment designed to allow the eyes to be flushed with water in case of eposure to harmful chemicals. 8ample! 8yewash with shower provision near 3? Pit/ #? #? Pit and 3anitary Pit. F 1>6 F (Fa%*&%&it) (Fa%*&%&it):: Temperature emperature scale I water freeAes freeAes at -(F/ -(F/ and boils at (1(F. 1?6 FACE SHIELD: 6s a plastic head or hat mounted shield used to protect face in performing certain types of work. 8ample 8ample!! Face Face shield shield is used used while handli handling ng chemical chemicals s for cooling water system. 1,. F"6= 3"F8! " system designed and installed so so that in case of trouble/ it will shut itself down before a haAardous condition ari arises/ ses/ or befo before re dama damage ge can be caus caused ed to eui euipm pmen ent. t.
:ormally/ control valves are designed to be either “6nstrument air fail to open” or “6nstrument “6nstrument air fail to close” close” to be in line with fail safe conditions. 1416 FAULT AULT (E+&t*ia+): " short short or ground ground in elect electric rical al cables cables or euipment. 1426 FEED STOC!: @aterial @aterial which which is introduc introduced ed into into a vessel vessel for processing. 8ample! "ir is feed feed stock for for "340-(. 146 FILTERS: @echanical @echanical device device used used to clean clean foreign foreign material materials s from a fluid. 8ample! Duracell filter to clean the feed air. air. 1446 FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT: ELEMENT: " device device which which regula regulates tes the the supp supply ly to the the proc proces ess s in acco accord rdan ance ce with with a sign signal al from from a controller. 4sually/ 4sually/ it is a pneumatically or electrically electrically operated valve. 14<6 FIRE E@TINGUISHER: "ny of of the vario various us portab portable le device devices s used used to eti etingu nguis ish h a fire fire by the the eEec eEecti tion on of a fire fire inhib inhibit itin ing g substance such as water/ carbon dioide/ or chemical che mical foam. 14=6 PUMP: 4sed 4sed for for furnis furnishi hing ng water water to plant plant fire fire lines lines in an emergency emergency. ?e have ( main fire fire water pumps and and one Eockey water pump. 1406 FIRE FIRE #ATER: TER: emergencies.
?ater
from plant fire
lines
used
for
14>6 FLAPPER: The swinging seat in a check valve. 14?6 FLAS!: " glass vessel used in laboratory work. 1<.6 FLOATING FLOATING HEAD: HEAD: 6nte 6ntern rnal al head head on the the retur return n end of a multiple pass heat echanger bundle. 1<16 FLOATING ROOF: " type of roof )steel or plastic* which floats upon the surface of the stored liuid/ used to decrease the
vapor space and reduce the potential for evaporation. :o such floating roof on our plant. 1<26 FLOOD: ?hen ?hen liui liuid d flow flowin ing g down down acro across ss the the tray trays s of a column is great enough to prevent vapor from flowing upward through the trays. 1<6 FLOODING: ?hen ?hen the rate rate of liuid liuid flowin flowing g down a colum column n eceeds the capacity of a down comer/ the result is an increase in liu liuid id leve levell on the the tray tray.. This This incre increas ases es the pres pressu sure re differential across the tray/ which in turn causes more liuid to backup through the down comer. comer. 4ltimately/ 4ltimately/ the column will fill with liuid and cease to operate. 1<46 FLO# SHEET: SHEET: " sketch sketch that that describes describes the flow flow of materials materials through a given unit or plant. 1<<6 FLUID: " substance substa nce tending to flow. 1<=6 FLUSHING: The removal of suspended contaminants in a line/ tank or vessel. 1<06 FOAM: " froth of bubbles on the the surface of liuid/ often caused by an organic contaminant or from a high P5. 1<>6 FOULING: The dispositi disposition on of undesirabl undesirable e components components on the the shel shelll or tube tube side side of the the heat heat ech echan ange gerr and and redu reduci cing ng the the echangerCs efficiency. efficiency.
1
1=6 GAUGE PRESSURE: PRESSURE: Pres Pressu sure re read read on a gauge gauge whi which ch is is calculated as the absolute pressure less normal atmospheric pressure. 1=46 GEAR PUMP: " pump with with gears gears inside the housing. "s the the gears turn/ cavities are created which allows the liuid to be move moved d from from the sucti suction on of the the pump pump to the the disc discha harg rge. e. " positive displacement pump.
1=<6 GENERATOR: " machine which produces electrical power. 8ample! 8mergency Generator ),0G0,,,1* 1==6 1==6 GLOB GLOBE E ,AL ,AL,E ,E:: " valve valve with with a moving seat/ usually usually circular circular// which moves into a circular opening to shut0off. shut0off. 4sually used in in throttling service. 1=06 1=06 GRAD GRADUA UATE TE:: Graduat Graduated ed marks marks on a glass vess vessel el indica indicatin ting g the volume of the liuid inside. 1=>6 GRAMS: @eaure of weight in metric system. system. 8ample! 1 kilogram $ 1/,,, grams $ 1 gram $ ,.,-%- ounce 6 microgram $ 1/,,,/,,,th of a gram
(.( pounds
1=?6 GROSS: GROSS: Total 10.6 GROUND GRO UND (E+&t* (E+& t*ia ia+): +): a*
#abl #able e inst instal alle led d from from fra frame me of of ele elect ctri rica call eui euipm pmen entt to to prevent possibility of shock.
b*
" phas phase e of of cir circu cuit it whic which h has has shor shorte ted d to to gro groun und. d.
H
1016 H2O: 3ymbol for “water”. 1026 HAND CONTROL: To control the the flow by adEusti adEusting ng a valve by hand. 106 HAND AC!: AC!: " mech mechani anica call Eack opera operate ted d with a leve leverr by hand. " control control valve closed closed or opened on hand Eack Eack will not not operate under controller signal. 58"D87! 58"D87! " line line which has several several lines lines adding or removing removing flow. 8ample! 6nstrument "ir header on “"34” 1046 HEAT HEAT E@CHANGER: " vess vessel el used used to echang echange e heat from from one fluid to another. a nother. 10<6 HIGH LIMIT (A+a*m): "n alarm )with light M bell* bell* at which some tripping is set to save the euipment and process. 8ample 8ample!! 5igh 5igh 5igh 5igh Tempe Temperat rature ure )T"55 )T"550(&1 0(&1%* %* "ir to #old #old ;o/ puts the unit to unload "ir #ompressor 10=6 HIGH HIGH SPEE SPEED D TRIP TRIP:: " mec mecha hani nica call devic device e actua actuate ted d by centrifugal force which in turn activates a switch or trip valve/ to shutdown a turbine/ engine/ should it over speed. 106 HOSE: 4tility 4tility hose is is of fiber and and rubber used used for nitrogen/ nitrogen/ air or water. 1006 HOSE CABINET: CABINET: #abinet #abinet for fire fire hoses/ hoses/ strategical strategically ly located. located. 8asily put in service by one man by pulling the hose out. 10>6 HOT #OR!: #OR!: ?ork ?ork involv involves es fire/ fire/ flame/ flame/ spark/ spark/ etc. etc. :eeds :eeds special work permit allowing fire to be used for the euipment repair'installation. 10?6 HOUSE!EEPING: Neeping work area and euipment euipment in safe/ safe/ clean usable condition. 1>.6 HYDRANT: system.
Fire Fire hydra hydrant nts s on plant plant fire wate waterr distri distribut butio ion n
1>16 HYDROCARBONS: and carbon.
" compoun compound d contai containing ning only only hydr hydrogen ogen
8ample! @ethane/ 8thane/ "cetylene/ Propane/ etc. I
1>26 IA (I$t*um&t Ai*): Dry/ Dry/ oil0free air which is used to operate instruments. 6t may be air from from @ol 3ieve or 6" from 6" package. Dry G: can can also be used as instrument instrument nitrogen. 1>6 IMPELLER: The part of a centrifugal pump or compressor that imparts velocity to liuid or gas/ then convert velocity to pressure. 6mpellers may be open/ partially open/ or enclosed. 1>46 INBOARD: " term term used used to desc descri ribe be the loca locati tion on of seal/ seal/ bearing/ shaft end/ etc. 8ample 8ample!! Part Part of a pump/ pump/ i.e. i.e. seal or bearing bearing nearest nearest to the motor would be inboard seal or inboard bearing. 1><6 INDICATOR: " chemical chemical compound compound which which changes changes color color as the .P5 changes from acid to base/ or from base to an acid. 8ample! "s used in cooling water tests. 1>=6 INERT: 7efe 7eferr rrin ing g to some someth thin ing g whic which h has has no chem chemic ical al reactivity such as inert gas )as G:*. 1>06 INERT GAS: " gas miture of gases which contains only trace trace uantities of oygen )as G:*. 1>>6 INHIBITOR: reaction. 8ample 8ample!! 3ystem.
" comp compound ound whic which h slows slows or stops stops a chemical chemical
#orros #orrosion ion 6nhibi 6nhibitor tors s are used for #oolin #ooling g ?ater ?ater
1>?6 INECTION: " liuid added to a stream or another liuid to get the desired results. 8ample! 3odium 5ypochlorite is inEected to 3eawater Pit.
1?.6 INLET: The point point where somet somethin hing g enters/ enters/ the pipe/ pipe/ trench/ trench/ etc. that carries the incoming stream.
1?16 INSULATION: @ateri @aterials als used used in walls/ walls/ ceil ceiling ings/ s/ and around around pipes and machinery to retard the passage of heat )or cold* and sound. 8ample! a* b* c*
Perl Perlit ite e powd powder er in cold cold boe boes s and stora storage ge tanks tanks )to )to avoi avoid d heat leak* Foam Foam glass glass insul insulat atio ion n for for the the pipe pipes s arou around nd stora storage ge tanks tanks )to avoid heat leak* "cou "coust stic ic cove covers rs for "67' "67'G: G:'" '";# ;# comp compre ress ssor ors s )to )to avoi avoid d noise*
1?26 INTEGRAL CONDENSER: column.
#ondens #ondenser er inse inserted rted inside inside of a
8ample! "34 main condenser
1?6 INTERCOOLER: #ooling #ooling device device between between two two heat producing producing sections/ as an intercooler which removes heat of compression between the low pressure stage and the high pressure stage of a compresso compressorr. "n intercoo intercooler ler cools cools after the high pressur pressure e stage. 8ample! 6ntercoolers for "67'G:'";# 1?46 INTER FACE: FACE: together.
The point point at whic which h two dissi dissimil milar ar liuids liuids are are
8ample! 2il and water in the 6ndustrial ?aste ?ater Pit. Pit.
1?<6 INTERLOC!: " device on system system used used to prevent a return return to original original condition condition after an interruptio interruption n has occurred. occurred. 4sually 4sually// used on shutdown valves and shutdown system )shutdown of a sectio section n of the unit or whole whole unit*. 6n some machine machines/ s/ some some parameters are interlocked for safe startup. 8ample! a* b*
6f 8pan 8pansio sion n Turbi Turbine ne trips trips due to to low oil pressur pressure/ e/ itit cannot cannot be restarted until oil pressure is normal "ir #omp ompressor cannot not be started until all inter nterllocks cleared.
point or or points points betwe between en discha discharge rge and and 1?=6 INTERSTAGE: The point suction of a stage for a compressor or a pump. 1?06 ISOLATE: Prevent material from entering or or leaving a piece of euipment. 8ample! 6solation of 3?'#? 3?'#? #ooler. 1?>6 UMPER: 8lec 8lecttric rical conne connect ctio ion n temporarily connects two items.
which hich
“bypa “bypas sses” es”
or
1?.6 UNCTION BO@: " bo used for the the termination termination of electric electrical al wires or pneumatic instrument leads. 1??6 !ILO#ATTS !ILO#ATTS (!#): " measure of electrical power. 8ample! 1 kilowatt
1 kilowatt $ 1/,,, watts $ - ' horsepower'9& watts
2..6 2..6 LAZY RO ROD: "n etension affied affied to a valve wheel that makes the valve easier and safer to operate. 2.16 LBS (Pou9$): " unit of measure measure of weight or pressure.
2.26 LEA! TEST: TEST: " proc procedur edure e for locatin locating g leaks leaks in the process process euipments by filling the euipments with compressed air or
nitr nitrog ogen en// and and appl applyi ying ng liu liuid id soap soap to the the oute outerr area area to be tested. 2.6 LIMIT S#ITCH: S#ITCH: " mechanicall mechanically y actuated actuated switch switch )electri )electric c or pneum pneumat atic ic** whic which h is actu actuat ated ed when when the the vari variab able le )pres )pressu sure/ re/ temperature/ level/ etc.* to which it is attached reaches its set limit/ or a valve/ on which this switch is attached/ opens or closes. 8ample! =imit switches on N3 for @ol 3ieve "dsorbers 2.46 LINE: Pipe from one point to another another.. 4sed for transferring transferring liuid or gas from one place to another. 2.<6 LIUID LE,EL: The height height to which which a liuid liuid has accumulat accumulated ed in a container. 2.=6 LOC!OUT: " term used to describe the locking out of electrical euipment for maintenance. 2.06 LOG: To write down certain operating conditions. 2.>6 LOOP: 8ith 8ither er electr electroni onic c or pneum pneumat atic ical ally ly linke linked d group group of instruments concerned with one primary variable. 8ample! 8ampl e! -(0P6#01 -(0P6#0 111, =oop 2.?6 LOU,ERS LOU,ERS (Du$t Lou&*$): Lou&*$): @echani @echanical cal opening opening in the air suction filter which changes air direction. 21.6 LO# LIMIT: LIMIT: #ertain #ertain preset lower limit limit point point below below which which the variable should not go. 8ample! a* =ow leve levell for for 8 #ool #ooler er b* =ow seal gas gas pressure pressure for 8pansion 8pansion Turbine =2L! =iuid 2ygen M
2116 MACHINEST: 2ne who uses machine tools )lathe/ drill press/ mill/ etc.* to reproduce machine parts from metal/ plastic/ etc. 2126 MA!E UP: Feed need to to replace that that which which is lost lost by leakage leakage or normal use in a close circuit/ recycle operation. 8ample! @ake up water for #ooling ?ater ?ater Pit. 216 MANAGEMENT: The coll collect ective ive body body of of those those who who manage manage and direct all plant activities. 2146 MANHOURS: " term term used used to descri describe be the numbe numberr of hours hours that it will take/ or has taken/ to do a particular Eob.
21<6 MANIFOLD: " piping arrangement which allows one stream of liuid of gas to be divided into two or more streams. (1&. @":2@8T87! @":2@8T87! " gauge for measuring measuring the the pressure pressure of gases or vapors. 2106 MANUAL: a* @ode @ode of oper operat atio ion n reu reuir irin ing g man man to adEu adEust st or mani manipu pula late te// operate to automatic. b* ;ook procedures.
specifying
operational
instructions
and
21>6 MAN#AY/MANHOLE: "n opening in a vessel large enough for a person to enter the vessel/ flanged openings normally on vessel/ tanks/ etc. 21?6 MANUA MANUAL L INDICA INDICATOR TOR CONTRO CONTROLLE LLER: R: 5and 5and 6ndi 6ndica cato tor r #ont #ontro roll ller er.. Genera Generall lly y used used wher where e auto automat matic ic cont control rol is not needed or not practical. This device can be manually operated to control control a proc proces ess s vari variabl able. e. 6t also also indi indica cate tes s the the stat state e of process at the same time. 8am 8ample ple!!
-(056 -(056#0 #0-(, -(,9 9 for for =: =: Prod Produc uctt -(056#0-%%<'-%&< for =2 M 6# Pumps 7ecycle
22.6 MATTER: "nything that has weight and occupies occupies space.
2216 MA@IMUM (Ma'6): The greatest uantity or value attained in a given case. 2226 MEASURED ,ARIABLE: " sig signal nal that that is is a measur measure e of the proc proces ess s varia ariabl ble/ e/ gene genera rall lly y/ the out output put of a meas measur urin ing g instrument or transmitter. transmitter. 226 226 MECH MECHAN ANIC ICAL AL SEAL SEAL:: a* 4sed 4sed primari primarily ly on rotati rotating ng euipme euipment nt in place place of pack packing ing to keep product from going to the atmosphere. b* @echan @echanica icall assembl assembly y that forms forms a leak0pro leak0proof of seal betwe between en flat rotating surfaces to prevent high pressure leakage. 2246 2246 MEGA MEGA# #ATTS TTS (M#): (M#): 1/,,,/,,, watts. 22<6 MEGGER: "n instrument instrument to produce produce a D# voltage voltage to test test and read the dielectric strength of electrical euipment in ohms. 22=6 METER:
a*
6nst nstrument ent or or me means ans of of meas easurin ring.
b*
@etr @etric ic unit unit of leng length th!! 1 mete meterr $ ->.->.-9 9 inch inches es..
2206 METHANE (CH4): :atural gas 22>6 22>6 MICRON: ON: " unit of length euivalent to 1'1/,,,/,,, of a meter. meter. 4sed for vibration measurement. 22?6 MINIMUM (Mi6): The least least acceptable amount. 2.6 MI@TURE: " combina combination tion of two or more substanc substances es in which each substance retains its chemical nature and identity. identity. 216 216 MM (Mi+ (Mi++i +io o): ): "n abbrevia abbreviation tion symbol for a million. million. @ $ 1/,,, so @@ $ 1/,,, 15... 15... 1/,,,/,,,. 226 226 MOLE MOLECU CULE LES S: The smallest unit into which which substances can be divided and retain all of its chemical and physical properties. 26 26 MONITOR: OR: :oAAle :oAAles s on fire hydrant hydrants/ s/ or individ individual ual risers risers to provide fied fire water stream for cooling or fire fighting without hose.
N 246 NTP NTP (No* (No*ma ma++ T&m-& &m-&*at *atu* u*& & P*&$$ P*&$$u* u*&): &): atmosphere
,# and
one
:a25 :a25 )3odiu )3odium m 5ydro 5ydroi ide de or #aus #austi tic* c*!! 3tro 3trong ng soluti solution on of sodium hydroide have a p5 of 1. They are used to neutraliAe acids )see #austic*. 2<6 2<6 NITR ITROG OGE EN: " chemical element/ symbel symbel :/ atomic number 9/ atom atomic ic weig weight ht 1O it is a gas/ gas/ diato diatomi mic c ): (* under under norma normall condition/ about 9>H of atmosphere is : (. 2=6 2=6 NITR NITRIT ITE E FILM FILM:: "nti0corrosion nitrite film on the inner surface of pipes/ coolers/ etc. through which cooling water is passing. from chemical processing 206 206 NON/ NON/CO COND NDEN ENSA SABL BLE E GAS: GAS: " gas from units )such as a distillation column* that is not easily condensed by cooling. 8ample! 8ample! 5e purge on on "34 "34 to remove remove this non0condensabl non0condensable e gas which could blanket the condenser. 2>6 NON/RETURN: #heck valve. 2?6 NOZZLE: The eten etensio sion n on a hose or pipe that that control controls s the flow from them. " small spout. O 24.6 O2 (Aa+&*): "n instrument that analyAes the product stream )G: and indicates ppm of oygen on it. 2416 O2 (O'&): "tmospheric gas. (,.&H 2( in the atmosphere.
2426 OFF/SPEC: " prod produc uctt whic which h does does not not meet meet the the puri puritty specifications or standards of a material.
(-. 2P87"T27 2P87"T27 )2per.*! 2ne who actually does the controlling of the flo flow w/ lev level/ el/ tem temper peratur ature/ e/ and pres pressur sure e of the pro product duction ion euipment. 2446 ORIFICE: " thin plate with an opening opening in it. 4sed to cause cause a precise calibrated pressure drop in the flowing stream. 24<6 24<6 ORIF ORIFIC ICE E FLAN FLANGE GE:: 2ne of the the two flanges flanges between between which which an orifice plate is held. 24=6 O/RING: Gask Gasket et in the form form of ring/ ring/ usual usually ly oval oval in cross cross section/ can be of rubber or metal. (9. 273"T 273"T! " piece of laboratory apparatus used to to determine the composition and uantity of gases by reaction of the gases with various chemical solutions. 8ample! 8ample! 273"T 273"T on "34 is used to check check 2 (H in ?:/ P=/ etc. 24>6 OUTBOARD: For bearings/ bearing away from coupling. 8ample! S&& 7 I/ 24?6 OUTPUT: Power signal or energy delivered by an an instrument or machine. 2<.6 O,ER CURRENT: CURRENT: #urrent which is above the capability of the electrical euipment. 2<16 O,ER CURRENT RELAY RELAY: " prot protect ective ive devic device e install installed ed in a switchgear to open the electrical circuit if a preset over current eists. 2<26 O,ERHEAD CRANE: " lifting device built over machinery or in a shop to handle heavy obEects. 2<6 O,ERRIDE: " device which interrupts the path of a signal and usually takes over control of the end variable.
2<46 2<46 O,E O,ERSPEE SPEED D: To go beyond safe or top operating speed on a piece of rotating euipment. 2<<6 O,ERSPEED TRIP: "n automatic automatic device device that that cuts power off )or )or any any othe otherr sour source ce of ener energy gy** of a rota rotati ting ng mach machin ine e if it reaches preset trip point. 8ample ple! 2v 2ver er speed trip for "34 8pans ansion Turbi urbin ne is 1>/%,, rpm and turbine inlet valve 50-,1 will shut. 2<=6 O@IDATION: " type type of reaction reaction in which oygen oygen is utiliAed utiliAed to oidiAe )chemical change ange** a parti rticular compone ponent nt or components from one form to a more desirable form. 2<06 O@IDE: " compound of oygen with with another element or with a radical. 8ample!
#2(/ :2-/ etc.
2<>6 O@YGE O@YGEN N CLEAN: CLE AN: a*
#lean #leaned ed tho thorou roughl ghly y of all all part partic icles les of dir dirt/ t/ lin lint/ t/ oil oil// etc. etc. and and does not fluoresce.
b*
#lea #lean n enou enough gh to to be ins insta tall lled ed in in oyg oygen en ser servi vice ce.. P
2
" metall metallic ic ring ring used used to keep pack packing ing in
2=26 PARALLEL FLO#: Flow of of material material in the same direction direction of another flow but remaining separate from the other flow. 2=6 PH: The The negat negativ ive e log of the the hydro hydrogen gen ion conc concent entra rati tion. on. 3olutions having P5 P5 below 9., are acid. 3olutions having a P5 above <., are basic. basic. " P5 P5 of 9., I <., is neutral/ neutral/ neither neither acid nor base. 2=46 PHASE: " term term used to describe describe one component component of electrical electrical power. 2=<6 PINCH BAC!: To partially partia lly close a valve. 2==6 PIPE: " long long tube or hallow body body used to conduct't conduct'transport ransport a fluid/ gas or finally divided solid. 2=06 PIPE PIPE FITT FITTER: ER: " plant plant main mainten tenanc ance e classif classifica icatio tion n of work centered about pipe and'or tubing installation or removal. 2=>6 PIPE RAC!: 3upport for pipes usually I % meters above the ground in areas where trucks and cranes operate. 2=?6 PISTON: That porti portion on of a reciproca reciprocatin ting g pump'com pump'compres pressor sor which receives force from the power medium/ in turn transfers it to the fluid being handled. 20.6 PNEUMATIC: "ir 2016 POINTER: " manually or pneumatically adEusted pointer on the chart that indicates the position of the set point. 2026 PO#ER SURGE OR FAILURE: FAILURE: " voltage drop in the electrical system. 206 PPM (Pa* (Pa*t$ t$ P&* P&* Mi++io Mi++io): ): This This ter term m is used used to to defin define e the the uantity of impurities in chemicals/ regardless of what they may be. This uanti uantity ty is referred referred to on a weight weight basis/ basis/ such as 1 pound of impurity in 1 million pounds of refined product. 2046 PRESSURE: " measur measurabl able e forc force. e. atmospheric pressure.
#an be above above or or below below
20<6 PRESSURE DISTILLATION: DISTILLATION: 6f the the ope operat rativ ive e press pressure ure of a dist distil illa lati tion on colu column mn is great greater er than than atmos atmosphe pheri ric/ c/ it is call called ed pressure distillation.
20=6 PRESSURE DROP: Difference DROP: Difference in pressure between two given points. Decrease in pressure due to friction which occurs when a liuid or gas passes through a pipe/ vessel or other piece of euipment. 2006 PRESSURE PRESSURE GAUGE: GAUGE: " dev devic ice e having having a meta metall llic ic sens sensin ing g elem elemen entt such such as a fle fleib ible le curv curved ed tube tube )bou )bourd rdon on tube tube** or fleible diaphragm which deforms under fluid pressure )3ee I Gauge*. 20>6 PRESSURE PRESSURE RATING: RATING: The The opera operati ting ng )al )allo lowa wabl ble* e* int intern ernal al pressure of a vessel/ tank or piping used to hold or transport liuids or gases.
20?6 PRESSURE REGULATING ,AL,E: AL,E: " valve that releases releases or holds holds proce process ss sy syst stem em pres pressu sure re )that )that is/ is/ opens opens and clos closes es** eith either er by pres preset et spri spring ng tens tensio ion n or by actu actuat atio ion n by a valv valve e controller to assume any desired position between full open and full close. 8ample! 2il pressure regulations for 8pansion Turbine P# P#0 -(<. 2>.6 PRESSURE PRESSURE RELIEF: RELIEF: " val valve ve or othe otherr mechani mechanica call devic device e )such as rupture disk* that eliminates eliminates system over pressure pressure by allowing the controlled or emergency escape of liuid or gas from a pressured system. 2>16 PRESSURE S#ITCH: " switch that is actuated by a change change in pressure of a gas or liuid. 2>26 PRESSURE TEST: TEST: Testing of euipment/ using a gas or liuid as a testing medium. 2>6 PRESSURE ,ESSEL: "n enclosed vessel in which a pressure greater than atmospheric is maintained.
2>46 PRIME: To put a pump into working working condition by pouring liuid into pump to displace vapor or gas )normally air from a water pump*. 2><6 PRODUCT: process.
The desir desired ed end compon component ents s from from a particul particular ar
8ample! G:'=:'G2'=2 are products from "34. 2>=6 PROPORTIONAL BAND: The adEu adEustm stment ent on an an instru instrument ment controller that determines the change in controller output for a change in controller input or set point.
2>06 PROP PROPOR ORTI TION ONAL AL AND AND RESE RESET T ACTI ACTION ON:: " cont control roller ler response that is proportional to deviation and to duration of deviation.
2>> PROPORTIONAL PROPORTI ONAL AND RESET AND DE,IATION DE,IATION ACTION: " controller controller that is proportional proportional to deviation/ deviation/ duration of deviation and rate of change of deviation. 2>?6 PS, (P*&$$u*& Sa&t ,a+&): "n automatic automatic pressure relieving device for over pressure protection of euipment. 2?.6 PUMP: " machine that raise/ transfer fluids. 4sed in the plant to circulate cooling water/ liuid oygen/ etc. 2?16 PUMP5 PUMP5 CONTRIFUGAL CONTRIFU GAL (,o+ut& (,o+ut& T-&): #onsist of one or more impell impellers ers mounte mounted d on a rotating rotating shaft. shaft. The liuid liuid enters enters the impeller at the center/ or “eye”/ and is thrown outward at high velocity velocity into the volute volute of the pump casing. casing. The function function of the volute is to catch the impeller discharge and convert velocity head head into into press pressure ure head head whil while e condu conduct ctin ing g the the liui liuid d to the the discharge noAAle of the pump casing. 2?26 PUMP5 PUMP5 DIAPHRAG DIAPHRAGM: M: " met meter eriing pum pump whi which uses uses a diaphragm to isolate the operating parts from pumped liuid in a mechanically actuated diaphragm pump/ or from hydraulic fluid in a hydraulically actuated diaphragm pump.
2?6 PUMP5 PUMP5 DUPLE@: " reci reciproc procati ating ng pump that that has two two liuid liuid cyli cy lind nders ers.. Dupl Duple e pumps pumps have have a more more stead steady y disc discha harge rge pressure than do simple pumps. 2?46 PUMP5 PUMP5 MULTI/STAGE: MULTI/STAGE: #ent #entri rifu fuga gall pump pump with with two or or more more impellers impellers mounted mounted on the same shaft. shaft. The discharge discharge from one impeller is conducted by the suction eye of the net impeller/ etc. 2?6 PUMP5 PUMP5 OIL: " pump of the gear/ gear/ vane/ or plunger type/ type/ usually an integral parts of the automotive engineerO it lifts oil from the pump to the upper level in the splash and circulating systems/ and and in forc force0 e0fe feed ed lubr lubric icat atio ion n it pump pumps s the the oil oil to the the tube tubes s leading to the bearings and other parts. 2?46 PUMP5 PUMP5 RECIPROCATING: " positi positive ve displ displace acement ment type type of pump consisting of plunger or a piston moving back and forth within within a cylinder. cylinder. ?ith each stroke stroke of the plunger plunger or piston/ piston/ a definite volume of liuid is pushed out through the discharge valves. 2?<6 PUMP PUM P5 ROTARY: " positive displacement pump used mainly to pump liuids/ which are either too viscous or too difficult to pick up suction suction with a centrifugal centrifugal pump. pump. There are many types types of rotary pump designs/ one of the most common being the gear type/ in which two gears mesh and rotate toward each other within a very close fitting casing. The liuid is trapped between the gear ear teet teeth h and and the the casin asing g and and carr carrie ied d arou around nd to the the discharge discharge side of of the pump. The meshing meshing gear teeth teeth prevent prevent the liuid from returning to the suction side. 2?=6 PUMP5 PUMP5 SIMPLE@: " recip reciproca rocatin ting g pump that that has one liui liuid d cylinder on a single drive. 2?06 PUMP CASING CASI NG (,o+ut&): (,o+ut&) : a* @ake @akes s the the liui liuid d being being pump pumped ed inc increas rease e in presu presure re rath rather er than speed. b*
The The part part of the the pum pump p encl enclos osin ing g the the imp impel elle lerr.
2?>6 PUMP DISCHARGE:
a*
2ppo pposite of pump pump suct uction.
b*
The The pres pressu sure re of of the the li liui uid d com comin ing g out out from from the the pum pump p
2??6 PUMP SUCTION: a*
The inlet side of the pump.
b*
The pressure in the line leading into the pump
..6 PURG PU RGE: E: a*
To disp displac lace e the the vapo vapors rs in in a line line or or vess vessel el usu usuall ally y with with fres fresh h air or an inert gas )G:*.
b*
The cleaning or removal of eisting materials by displacing with another medium
.16 .16 PURITY: Free from contamination. 8ample! G: purity! >> > >.>>H >>.>>H 2(
:(! ,.,,1H 2( 2ygen!
R .26 RAC! OUT: OUT: To open an electrical circuit by rolling )or racking* out the breaker section of the switchgear. .6 RADIAL BEARING: " bearing to restrain'restrict radial forces. .46 RADIATION: The transfer transfer of heat heat through through space space )similar )similar to a beam of light* without affecting the intervening space.
.<6 RASCHING RASCHING RINGS: RINGS: 3mall 3mall cylin cylindric drical al rings rings used used in packe packed d type distillation columns )3ee I Packed #olumn*. .=6 RATIO: The amount of one material or component in relation relation to another material or component. .06 RATIO RATIO CONTROL: To regulate regulate one variable variable in proporti proportion on to another variable.
.>6 RA# MATERIAL: MATERIAL: " crude/ unprocessed or partially processed material used as feedstock for a processing operation. 8ample! "ir as feedstock feedstock for "34. .?6 .?6 REAC EACTION TION:: The interaction interaction of a compound compound with with itself itself or other compounds to form one or more compounds. 1.6 1.6 REACTOR: " vessel vessel utiliAed utiliAed to to mi two or more component components s together and initiate and sustain a desired/ controlled reaction. 116 REACTI,ATION: 3ee 7egeneration. 126 READINGS: #ollec #ollectin ting g of data relate related d to the operati operating ng Eob/ measured in :m -/ Ng'#m (G/ degrees centigrade/ amperes/ etc. 16 REBOILER: " tubular tubular heat echange echangerr placed at the bottom bottom of a distil distillat lation ion column column or strippe stripperr to supply supply necess necessary ary column column heat. )7eboiler )7eboiler at the bottom bottom of upper upper column which which is also also a condenser for lower column*. 146 146 RECI RECIPR PROC OCA ATING TING:: ;ack and forth/ up and down/ in and out. 1<6 RECIRCULATION: The The re0pa re0pass ssag age e of one one or more more of the the components of a stream through a given system. 8ample! =2( circulation through circulating 6.#. pump. 1=6 RECTIFICATION: " form form of disti distill llat atio ion n by passi passing ng vapo vapor r through liuid on a tray which has collected by condensing condensing the vapor previously passing through thro ugh the tray.
106 RECY RECYCL CLE: E: a* That portion of the products of process which is resubmitted to the process. b* To rout route e a stre stream am bac back k to a loca locati tion on whe where re it it cam came e from from..
1>6 REDUCING STA STATION: " val valve ve inst instal allat latio ion n that is used used to reduce a pressure to a lower level pressure. 8ample! 8ample! -(0P6#0->&-(0P6#0->&- to reduce the the G: pressure from from 11.&% 11.&% ( to %., kg'cm G. 1?6 1?6 REFLU@: That That port portio ion n of the the conde condens nsed ed vapo vapors rs that that is returned to the top tray of the column )-(0F6#0-((-*. 8ample! 8ample! Pure liuid liuid :( reflues from lower column to upper column. 2.6 REFLU@ RATE: RATE: 7ate of addition addition of cold cold liuid to a column column in order to remove heat. 216 216 REFL REFLU@ U@ RA RATIO: TIO: The ratio ratio of the amount amount of condense condensed d vapor returned as reflu to the amount removed from the system as make. 226 REGENERATION: 6n general general// any proces process s by which which a spent spent material is made available for reuse. For eample/ reactivation of dryers/ absorbers. 26 REGULATOR: " valve which directly controls the flow of liuid or gas through a line/ usually actuated by an instrument to control pressure/ temperature/ or flow conditions. 8ample! 2il pressure regulator for 8pansion Turbine. 246 RELAY: " devi devic ce that that is oper operat ate ed by a varia ariattion ion in the the conditions in one electric circuit and serves to make or break one or more connections in the same or on other electric circuit. 2<6 RESET RESET BUTTON: BUTTON: "n electr electrica icall switch switch desi designed gned to to restore restore another switch to its original position when actuated. 2=6 RESUSCITATION: 3upervisor office.
2ygen 2ygen for asphy asphyiat iation. ion. 4nit 4nit is is in 3hift 3hift
206 RE,ERSE RE,ERSE CURRENT RELA RELAY Y: " prot protec ecti tive ve rel relay ay to to trip trip elec electr tric ical al swit switch chge gear ar in case case the the curr current ent shou should ld flow flow in the the wrong direction.
2>6 ROTA METER: METE R: " device which presents a continuously varying siAe orifice/ proportional to the flow through it/ by means of a tapered tapered tube tube containi containing ng a float. float. The positi position on of the float float is proportional to the flow. flow. 2?6 ROTATING ROTATING SHIFT: SHIFT: The chan changing ging sched schedule ule work worked ed by shif shiftt operating group. 7otation is from morning shift 9 "@ I - P@/ to afternoon shift - P@ I 11 P@/ to night shift 11 11 P@ I 9 "@. .6 RTD RTD (R&$i (R&$i$t $ta a& & T&m-& &m-&*a *atu* tu*& & D&t& D&t&to to*): *): " devi evice cont contai aini ning ng resis resisto torr whol whole e valu value e chan changes ges with with temp temper erat ature ure changes. 6t is/ therefore/ used to measure temperature. 16 RUPTURE DISC: " pressure relief device that will will break or tear if the pressure reaches its bursting limit. 4sually/ 4sually/ a thin piece of metal or a composition material designed to rupture )split* at a given pressure.
S 26 STP (Sta (Sta9a*9 9a*9 T&mT&m-&*a &*atu* tu*& & P*&$$u*& P*&$$u*&): ): 1%.%# and 1.&>& psia 6 SAFETY: 6s eliminati eliminating ng or avoiding avoiding haAards haAards in your work work area or work procedures. 46 SAFETY SAFETY COMMITTEE: COMMITTEE: " #ommit #ommittee tee whose whose members members are representatives of different sections of the 2perations/ 3ecurity and "dministrati "dministration. on. They meet once once a month and hold safety safety walks to improve upon the safety matters. <6 SAFETY SAFETY COMMITTEE COMMITTEE MEETING: MEETING: @eetin @eeting g held held on monthl monthly y basi basis s to disc discus uss s the the safet afety y matte atters rs rel related ated to plan plantt and and personnel. =6 SAFETY SAFETY EUIPMENT: EUIPMENT: ario arious us eu euip ipme ment nts s used used by by an individual for his personnel protection. 8amples! 5ard hat/ coverall/ goggles/ safety shoes/ etc.
06 SAFETY ORIENTATION: ORIENTATION: " se session hel held wit with all all new new employees'workers during their first day'week of employment'work. >6 SAFETY SHO#ER: " shower that can supply potable water to wash chemicals/ etc. of a person. ?6 SAFETY ,AL,ES: AL,ES: "re pressure pressure relieving relieving devices devices placed placed on euip euipmen mentt and and pipel pipelin ines es opera operati ting ng under under pressu pressure re.. Thei Their r purp purpos ose e is to prot protec ectt the the eui euipm pmen entt and and pers person onne nell from from disast disastrous rous failur failures es result resulting ing from from possibl possible e ecess ecess pressur pressure. e. They are spring or weight loaded and set to open at a specific ecess pressure. 4.6 SAFETY ,AL,E AL,E SEAL: :ormally/ :ormally/ safety valve systems have no isolating valves/ but if the safety valve is on such a line or vessel/ which cannot be depressuriAed to do the maintenance Eob on the safety valve/ an isolating valve can be provided/ but that should always be in locked open position )car seal open*. 416 SAFETY #AL!S: #AL!S: "n insp inspec ecti tion on made made for for the purp purpos ose e of finding and correcting unsafe items and'or conditions/ thereby making the area safe to work in. 3"@P=8! 3"@P=8! " represent representative ative part of chemical/ chemical/ )Product* )Product* taken taken from a large tank or stream. 8ample! =2( sample from =2( atm tank for acetylene check. G:( sample e0column 426 SAMPLE TAP: " device consisting of a valve and small tubing for the purpose of etracting a sample. 46 SANDBLAST: 3and is proEected proEected at high0spe high0speed ed by the the use of of compressed compressed air. air. This method method is used used to remove rust rust or paint from metal. 446 SANIT SANITARY ARY SE#ER #ATER: #ATER: 3ewe 3ewerr wat water er origi origina nati ting ng in restro restrooms oms// sinks/ sinks/ drinking drinking cooler cooler/ etc. etc. "ll the sanitar sanitary y water water from from plant plant'a 'adm dmin inis istra trati tion on buil buildin ding g is coll collec ecte ted d in a pit from from where it is pumped to 7# treatment station. 4<6 SATURATED: To dissolve a sufficient sufficient amount of a substance/ so that no more of that substance can be dissolved.
4=6 SCAFFOLD: Platform Platform )temporary )temporary** used to reach reach inaccess inaccessible ible areas. 6t provides a safe platform to work from.
406 SCALE: a*
" che chemi mica call depos deposit it lef leftt when when wate waterr or other other mate materi rial als s are vaporiAed.
b*
" visu visual al ind indic icat ation ion of the the rang range e of the the inst instrum rumen ents ts// may may be , to 1,, per cent of the range.
4>6 SCOTT AIR PAC!: 3elf0c 3elf0cont ontaine ained d breathi breathing ng unit unit for use use in contaminated areas. " unit can work for -, minutes. 4?6 SCRUB SCR UBBE BER: R: a*
" dev device for the rem removal oval// or washing out/ of ent entrai rained liuid droplets or dust/ or for the removal of an undesired gas component from process gas stream.
b*
" pie piece of eu euipmen ment desi esigned ned to remo remov ve a part articula ular component component from a gas or vapor stream usually by counter current contact with a liuid.
<.6 SEAL SE AL:: a*
"ny dev device ice or sys ysttem that hat creat reates es a non0 non0le leak akin ing g unio union n between two mechanical or process system elements/ for eampl eample/ e/ gaskets gaskets for pipe pipe connec connectio tion n seals/ seals/ mechani mechanical cal seals for rotating members such as pump shafts/ and liuid seals to prevent gas entry.
b*
" tigh tight/ t/ perfe perfect ct clos closure ure or Eoin Eoint. t.
<16 SEAL FLUSH: 4sed with mechanical seal to minimiAe or dilute possible product leakage. "lso acts as cooling medium. <26 SEAT:
a*
To fit correct correctly ly in in or on a holder holder such such as as to seat seat a valve valve in in a pipeline.
<6 SENSIBLE HEAT HEAT: The The amount amount of hea heatt reuir reuired ed to raise raise or lower the temperature of matter without a change of state.
<46 <46 SET SET POIN POINT T: " point at which the controller is adEusted to regulate the proc proces ess. s. The The set set poin pointt is defi define ned d in the the same same unit units s of measurement as in the measured variable. <<6 SHAFT SHAFT (Pum- S%at): " round round piece piece of steel steel with with impell impeller er mounted/ mounted/ suspended suspended in bearings. @otor shaft shaft I " round round piece of steel with rotor mounted/ suspended in two bearings. <=6 SHELL: The outer outer housing housing of a heat echa echanger nger// covers covers the tube bundle. 4<6 SHELL SIDE: 7eferring 7eferring to heat echanger echanger// the space space or area between the tubes and outside shell. <06 SHIFT: Group of employees assigned to work the same hours ) 9 I -/ - I 11/ 11 11 I 9* rotatin rotating g per given schedu schedule. le. 3hifts 3hifts are are identified as "/ ;/ # and D. <>6 SHIFT ALLO#ANCE: ALLO#ANCE: "n amou amount nt of mon money ey added added to to shift shift workers earning to compensate him for the inconvenience of working shifts.
=26 SHUTDO#N BUTTON: " switch switch )knob* that that stops stops supply supply of power to machinery. machinery. =6 SIE,E SIE, E TRAY: TRAY: " plate with a large number of small holes drilled in it. The tray has weirs weirs and comers comers similar similar to the bubble bubble cap tray/ tray/ but no bubble caps. caps. The vapor passes passes through the the plate holes/ through the liuid level maintained by the weir/ and on to the the net net ray. ray. 3iev 3ieve e tray trays s allo allows ws for for much much high higher er colum olumn n capacities for same diameter vessel than do bubble caps. =46 SIGHT GLASS: GLASS: " glas glass s provi provide ded d on oil retur return n lines lines from from compressor'motor bearings to show the condition of the oil. =<6 SIGNAL: "n electrical electrical or pneumatic pneumatic signal signal from from the process process euipment to a control instrument. =06 SINGLE PHASE: Describes Describes a type type of low low voltage voltage power used in residence and small industrial motors. =>6 SINGLE SINGLE STAGE STAGE PUMP: PUMP: " pu pump in whi which the the hea head is developed by a single impeller. =?6 S!IRT: The The border border or area area around around the bott bottom om of a tank or or vessel. 4sually supports the tank or vessel. 0.6 SLEE,E SLEE,E BEARING: BEARING: " bronA bronAe/ e/ aluminu aluminum/ m/ ;abbit ;abbittt or plastic plastic sleeve sleeve support supporting ing and restric restrictin ting g a rotati rotating ng or recipr reciproca ocatin ting g shaft. 016 SLINGER RINGS: 4sed in in pumps or or compressors compressors that do not not have forced feed feed lubrication. lubrication. " ring ring that rotates with with the shaft/ taking oil from the sump and supplying to the bearings. 026 SLO# ROLL: The operation operation of a piece of rotatin rotating g euipment euipment at a speed below the normal speed. 06 SOAP TEST: TEST: Test method method used to detect detect leaks/ leaks/ because because the soap and water make bubble at the leak. 046 SODIUM SODIUM HYPOCHLORI HYPOCHLORITE: TE: " ch chemical us used to av avoid biological growth in seawater system.
0<6 SOLENOID: "n electr electrica icall device device that that starts starts or stops stops flows flows using an electromagnet to activate the valve. 8ample! @ol sieve Ns are solenoid operated valve. valve.
0=6 SPECIFIC GRA,ITY: GRA,ITY: 7atio between the density of one gas or liuid and the density of another. For eample/ water is base base for liuids/ air is base for gases. 6t is the density of a substance )liuid or gas* divided by density of the standard )water or air* 006 SPECIFIC HEAT HEAT: uanti uantity ty of heat heat reuir reuired ed to increas increase e the temperature of a unit volume of substance by 1#. 3P8#3! 3pecifications 0>6 STAINLESS STAINLESS STEEL (SS): "ny of a large and comple group of corro orros sion ion resi resis stant tant iron ron I chro chromi mium um allo alloys ys// somet ometiimes mes containing other elements also as nickel/ silicon/ tungsten/ etc. 0?6 STANDARD STANDARD CONDITIONS: #ondit #onditions ions that that do do not not chang change e routinely. routinely. They have a recogniAed and permanent value. 8ample! 8ample! 7eflu 7eflu flow rates rates for a certain certain mode on "34 )F6#0 )F6#0 -((-*.
>. STANDBY: " mach machin ine e or euipm euipmen entt which which is in a stat state e of readiness for use but which is not presently needed. 8ample! 3tandby oil/ cooling water pumps/ seawater pumps
button* control usually >16 START/STOP START/STOP !NOBS: " knob )or push button* located at motor )or on the #ontrol 7oom panel* to start and stop the motor. >26 START START UP: euipment.
To brin bring g into into oper operat atio ion n a piec piece e or piec pieces es of
>6 STATIC STATIC HEAD: Pressure Pressure of a fluid fluid due due to head of fluid fluid above above some reference point. >46 STA STATIC PRESSURE: motion.
Pressu Pressure re due to to weight weight only only/ without without
><6 ><6 STOPCO OPCOC C!: " valve type used used in laboratory euipment. >=6 STRO!E: The distance distance a reciprocati reciprocating ng engine or compress compressor or will travel through 1<,rotation of crankshaft. >06 SUBCOOL: The further further cooling cooling of condense condensed d material material to the the desired temperature. >>6 SUBLIMATION: Transf ransform ormat atio ion n of a soli solid d to a gas gas withou withoutt passing through the liuid state. 8ample! #2( gas
#2( solid
)dry ice*
>?6 SUBSTATION: "n assembly of euipment in an electric power system through which electric energy is passed for transmission/ transformation/ distribution. ?.6 SUCTION: 6nlet 6nlet side side of of a pump/ pump/ compres compressor sor// fan. fan. "lso/ "lso/ the the pipe or duct that forms the suction. ?16 SUCTION HEAD: 5eight of a column of liuid that would eert a pressure eual to suction pressure. ?26 SUCTION SUCTION PRESSURE: PRESSURE: leading into the pump.
Pres Pressu sure re in the the line line )suc )sucti tion on line* line*
?6 SUMP: " pit pit or tank which which receive receives s and temporar temporarily ily stores stores drainage at the lowest point of circulating or drainage system. 8ample! 2il sumps for compressors. ?46 SUMP PUMP: " small/ single stage vertical pump used to drain shallow pits or sumps.
?<6 SURGE: " sudd sudden en chang change e in flow flow// leve level/ l/ temp temper erat atur ure/ e/ press pressur ure/ e/ etc. etc. :orma :ormall lly y refe refers rs to elec electr tric ical al or compr compres esso sor r system system malfunction. malfunction. 8lectrical 8lectrical surge usually usually consists consists of large vari ariation in volt oltage age or amperag rage in a system. ?hen hen compressed fluid flows back toward the compressor/ due to some restriction at the discharge end )as a closed valve/ high pressure/ etc.*/ it is said to be in “347G8”. ?=6 SURGE TAN!: " ves vesse sell insta install lled ed in a line line to absor absorb b and dampen the pulsations of the material being pumped through the line. 8ample! T# between air compressor and mol sieve. ?06 S#ITCH: To change from from one to another another// usually usually involvi involving ng pumps/ compressors. 8ample! T# pumps switching over. ?>6 SYMBOL: 2ne or two two letters used to designate one atom of an element. 8ample! 5/ 2/ #l/ etc. ??6 SYNCHRONIZE: The The act act of con conne nect ctin ing g two elec electr triical cal generating systems together. 8ample! "#'";#':# with 3oft 3tarter and @ain ;reaker T 4..6 TAN!: " receptacle designed to hold or store liuids. 8ample! "tm. for tanks for =2 ( M =:( 4.16 4.16 TAN! AN! TRUC! TRUC! (Ta (Ta"&* "&*): ): " truck truck with with a tank tank on it for for hauling hauling =2('=:(. 4.26 TEMPERATURE: The deg degree of of hot hotness or col coldness measured on a definite scale in F or #. 4.6 TEMPERA TEMPERATURE TURE BULB: BULB: The The enla enlarge rged d port portio ion n of ther thermal mal syst sy stem em whic which h is plac placed ed insi inside de a ther thermo mo0w 0wel elll to sens sense e the the
temp tempera eratu ture re of a line line or vess vessel el.. sealed and pressuriAed system.
6t is part of a herme hermeti tica call lly y
4.46 TEMPERA TEMPERATURE TURE CONTROL: Tempera emperatu ture re is is the the cont control rol variable from which a control output is determined. The output/ in turn/ controls the heating or cooling medium to maintain the desired temperature. 4.<6 TEMPERATURE GRADIENT: GRADIENT: The difference difference in temperature of mate materi rial als s in various various stage stages s of proces processi sing. ng. For For eam eampl ple/ e/ temperature gradient between the inlet and outlet of a tube echanger. 4.=6 TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE PROFILE: 6s a series of temperature temperatures s taken taken at various points across a vessel. 8ample! T6066601/ (/ %/ two indications for 1 st stage "# bearing. 4.06 THERMOCOUPLE: " means of measurin measuring g temperature temperature using using paral paralle lell wire wires s of diffe differen rentt meta metals ls.. The The wires wires are couple coupled d together together at the end near near the temperature temperature to be measured. measured. The elec electr tric ic curre current nt creat created ed by diss dissim imil ilar ar meta metals ls increa increase ses s as temperature rises and decreases as temperature falls. falls. This rise and fall is measured/ calibrated and indicated on a meter or dial. 4.>6 THERMOMETER: "n instrument instrument for for determining determining temperature temperature consisting typically of a glass bulb attached to a fine tube of glas glass s with with a numb number ered ed sc scal ale e and and cont contai aini ning ng a liu liuid id )as )as mercury or colored alcohol* alcohol* that is sealed in and rises and falls with changes of temperature. 3everal dissimilar dissimilar metals metals arranged arranged alternatel alternately y 4.?6 THERMOPILE: 3everal whic which h gene generat rate e an elec electr tric ic curre current nt when when the the Eunc Euncti tion ons s are are heated/ more sensitive than a thermocouple. 41.6 THERMO#ELL: " tube housing/ one end closed and inserted into a vessel/ pipe/ etc. as a protection for a thermocouple or temperature bulb. 4116 THRESHOLD LIMIT: LIMIT: This This refers refers to to the epos eposure/ ure/ eith either er by breathing or skin contact/ of chemical compounds which may inEure a personCs personCs health. health. =imits have have been determined determined for for the
amount of material in the air or skin contact which will affect a human or animalCs health. 4126 THROTTLE: To control control a flow flow throug through h a line line with with a valv valve. e. 4sually refers to the manual operation of a hand valve. 416 THRUST: The force force entere entered d endwise endwise through through a shaft shaft to give forward motion. 4146 4146 THRU THRUST ST BEA BEARI RING NG:: " ;abbitt ;abbitt or ball bearing bearing used to restrict restrict aial movement. 41<6 TIME CARD: #ards on which the hours hours worked worked by employees employees are recorded. 41=6 TRAINING CENTER: The site of our basic operator training. training. 4106 TRANSDUCER (Co&*t&*): " device to change change one form form or energy to to another/ another/ as electric electric to pneumati pneumatic. c. 4sed to convert convert electric signal to pneumatic signal. 41>6 TRANSFER: To move materi material al from one one place to anothe anotherr/ usually by pumps.
41?6 TRANSFORMER: Two comm common on type types/ s/ one one chang changes es the the current potential )voltage* up or down/ the other changes the type of current from ".#. to D.#. 42.6 TRANSMITTER: " device device that issues signals. signals. 6ts source of power can can be either either pneumatic pneumatic or electronic electronic.. 6ts input input signal signal which controls its output is usually a physical force as pressure/ difference pressure/ electrical power. 4216 TRIP: Term used when a piece piece of electric or mechanica mechanicall gear is opened/ either manually either manually or automatically. automatically. 4226 TUBE SHEET SHEET:: The sect sectio ion n in a heat eat ec echang hanger er whi which separates the fluid flowing through the tubes from the fluid in the shell and holds the tube in place. 426 TUBE SIDE: " term used to describe the internal portion of the tubes in a heat he at echanger.
4246 TURBIDITY: 3light cloudiness cloudiness of in in a solution solution )liuid* )liuid* caused caused by fine suspended particles. 42<6 TURBINE: " rotary engine actuated by the reaction or impulse or both of a current fluid )as water/ steam/ gas*. 3ee 8pansion Turbine. 42=6 TURNAROUND: The shutdown shutdown period period for for an operations operations unit/ usually for mechanical reconditioning. The period from the end of one run to the beginning of the net/ i.e. off0stream to on stream period.
U 4206 UTILITY: 2ne of the non0p non0proc roces ess s )suppo )support* rt* faci facili liti ties es for a manufacturing plant. 4sually considered considered as facilities facilities for cooling water/ seawater/ instrument air/ fire water/ effluent treatment/ etc.
42>6 UTILITY STA STATION: #entral locations locations or stations throughout throughout the plant where plant utilities are readily accessible to operators and maintenance personnel. 8ample 8ample!! Potabl Potable e water water// plant plant air/ air/ instru instrument ment air/ air/ process process water/ seawater/ cooling water/ etc. 42?6 UTILITY HOSE: " hose used for air/ air/ water service. , 4.6 ,ACUUM: "ny spac space e from whic which h air or fluid fluid or gases gases have have been completely or partially removed. 6ts pressure is measured in relation to air pressure )9&, mm* as epressed in mm of mercury. 8am 8ampl ple! e! 6nte 6nters rspa pace ces s in road road tank tanker ers s and and =2L =2L and and =6: =6: vacuum insulated line.
416 ,ACUUM GAUGE: " gauge gauge indicating indicating the the degree of negative negative pressure.
426 ,AL,E: "ny of numerou numerous s mechanic mechanical al devices devices by which which the flow of liuid/ gas or loose material in bulk may be started/ stopped or regulated by a movable part that opens/ shuts or partially obstructs one or more ports or passageways. 46 ,AL,E AL,E (/a): (/a ): " valve having three ports usually flowing into bottom and out either of the other two/ depending on handle setting. 8ample! T# for all compressor oil system. 446 ,AL,E5 ANGLE: ANGL E: " type of valve which effectively effectively utiliAes globe valve seating principle while providing for a >,turn in piping. 6t is less resisting to flow than the globe valve. 8ample! alves on cryogenics service. service. 4<6 ,AL,E5 AL,E5 BUTTERFL BUTTE RFLY Y: " valv valve e that that is etre etreme mely ly dura durabl ble/ e/ effic efficien ientt and reliabl reliable. e. 6t derives derives its name from the wing0li wing0like ke action of the disc which operates at right angles to the flow. 8ample! @ol sieve Ns 4=6 ,AL,E5 AL,E5 CHEC!: :on0 :on0re retu turn rn valv valve e ):7 ):7*. *. backflow in the pipingO works automatically.
6t stop stops s the the
406 ,AL,E5 GATE: This type of valve/ as a rule/ should be used as a stop valveQto turn on and shut off the flow/ as opposed to regulating regulating flow. flow. 6t gets its name name from the gate0like gate0like disc which which operates at a right angle to the path of flow )3ee I Gate alve*.
4>6 ,AL,E5 AL,E5 GLOBE: GLOBE: The The flow flow throu through gh globe globe val valve ves s follo follow w a changin changing g course/ course/ causin causing g increas increased ed resist resistanc ance e to flow flow and considerable pressure drop. @ost suitable for throttling flow. flow. 6t is named after its globular body )3ee I Globe alve*.
4?6 ,AL,E5 AL,E5 NEEDLE: Designed to give fine control of flow in small small diam diamet eter er piping. piping. 6ts 6ts name name derive derived d from from its sharp sharp pointe pointed d conical disc and matching seat. 8ample! 3ampling valves 44.6 ,AL,E5 AL,E5 PLUG: " val valve ve fitt fitted ed with with a plug plug that that has has a hole hole through which fluid flows and that is rotatable through >, for operation operation in the open or closed closed position. position. "lso known known as plug cock. :ot in common use on cryogenic plants. 4416 ,AL,E BODY: The base base housin housing g or main main part of of a valve valve to which the piping is connected. 4426 ,AL,E AL,E POSITIONER: POSITIO NER: " device that modulates modulates an an instrument instrument air supply supply to the actuat actuator or of a contro controll valve. valve. 6ts input input signal/ signal/ which controls the amount of modulation/ is usually the output signal from a pneumatic or an electronic controller. 446 ,AL,E SEATS: 6nternal 6nternal parts or part of a valve valve against against which which a gate or plug make a seal. 4sually integral with the body. body. 4446 ,AL,E AL,E STEM: The rod rod by means means of which which the the disk )gate )gate** or plug plug is moved to open open or close a valve. valve. 6n case case of cryogenic cryogenic valve/ it may be very long to reduce transfer of heat'cold. 44<6 ,AL,E AL,E STRO!E OR LIFT: LIFT: The actual actual trav travel el of valve valve from from a closed position to a fully opened position/ or vice versa. 44=6 ,APOR: " subs substan tance ce in the gaseo gaseous us state state which which can be condensed by cooling or compression. 4406 ,APOR PRESSURE: The pressure pressure eerted eerted by a vapor which is in a state of euilibrium with a solid/ liuid or solution at a specified temperature. 44>6 ,APOR CLOUD: :ormal :ormally ly// the term refers refers to large large cloud cloud of gas released. 44?6 ,APORIZER: "n echanger echanger in which which =:('=2( is heated until it vaporiAes. 5eat may be direct or indirect.
8ample 8ample!! 3eawat 3eawater er =2('=:( '=:( vapo vapori riAe Aerr uses uses seaw seawat ater er for for vaporiAation. 4<.6 ,ARIABLE: " uantit uantity y or other conditio condition n which is is subEect subEect to change. 4<16 ,ENT: To release release or depressuriAe depressuriAe into the atmosphere. atmosphere. To eualiAe the interior of a vessel with the outside atmosphere. 4<26 ,ENT ,AL,E: AL,E: " valve valve provided provided for the discharg discharge e of pressure pressure from tanks/ vessels/ etc. 4<6 ,ENTILATE: 4se an air air mover )fan* to force air air into a vessel vessel that is already open to the air and ventilate until only fresh air is in the euipment. 4<46 ,ENTURI TUBE: " const constric rictio tion n that is placed placed in a pipe and causes a drop in pressure as fluid flows through it/ consisting essentially of a short straight pipe section or throat between two tapered section sections. s. 6t can be used to measure measure fluid fluid flow rate )a venture meter* or to draw fuel into the main flow stream/ as in a carburetor. 4<<6 ,ESSEL: " cont contai ainer ner in which which materi material als s are proces processe sed/ d/ trea treate ted d or stor stored. ed. For For eam eampl ple e pres pressu sure re vess vessel els/ s/ storage storage vessels. 4<=6 ,IBRATION: " continuing continuing periodic periodic change change in a displaceme displacement nt with respect to a fied reference. 4<06 4<06 ,IBR ,IBRA ATION TION MONIT MONITOR OR:: ?hich ?hich indicat indicates es vibrat vibration ion and and aial aial displacement for euipments. 8ample 8ample!! ibrat ibration ion monitor monitor on "34 indicate indicates s vibration vibration and aial displacement for 8pansion Turbine/ "ir ;ooster and :itrogen #ompressors. 4<>6 ,ISCOSITY: The resistance resistance to flow flow displayed displayed by a fluid fluid )liuid or gas* 4
4=.6 ,OLT: 2ne volt volt shall shall be taken taken as that that electro electro motiv motive e force force which hich will ill esta establ bliish a curr curren entt of one one amper mpere e thro throug ugh h a resistance of one ohm. 4=16 ,OLTAGE ,OLTAGE DIP: " momentary or prolonged drop in voltage.
4=26 ,OLUME FLO# RATE: RATE: The volum volume e of the flui fluid d that pass passes es through a given surface in a unit time. 8ample! m-'hr. 'hr. For gases/ it is is usually “correct “corrected! ed! to :TP to compensate for temperature and pressure. 4=6 ,PM: olume per million million )3ee I PP@* 4=46 ,OLUTE: " spiral casing casing for for a centrifugal centrifugal pump designed designed so that speed can be converted to pressure without shock. 4=<6 ,ORTE@: The cone formed by a swirling liuid gas # 4==6 #ARNING BOARD: " small board used by electrical section to to hang on the panel of the machine which has been electrically isolated. 4=06 #ASTE ASTE #ATER5 TER5 INDU INDUST STRI RIAL AL:: Drain rain from from dif differe ferent nt euipments as #ooling ?ater Pit/ #ooling ?ater Pumps/ 2il Tanks which will be mainly water with traces of oil. 4=>6 #ATT: ?ork is being done at a rate rate of 1 watt when when a constant constant current of 1 ampere is maintained through a resistance by an 8@F of 1 volt. 4=?6 #EEPING (Co+um): ?hen the vaporiAer velocity in a column is too low/ liuid is allowed to drain back through the sieve trays. This is called weeping. 40.6 #EIGHT: " measure measure of force force of attraction attraction between between earth and and an obEect. 4016 #EIGHBRIDGE: =:('=2( tankers.
?eigh eigh scal scale e to meas measur ure e the the weig weight ht of
4026 #EIR: " fla flatt or notched notched dam dam or barrier barrier to liui liuid d flow flow on a column tray )3ee I Down #omer*. 406 #OR! PERMIT: PERMIT: " writte written n permission permission by the 3hift 3hift 3upervisor 3upervisor to maint mainten enan ance ce staf stafff to do any any Eob Eob on the plant plant.. For For fire fire permission/ a separate column in the same permit is filled. For isolation of 5T motors/ separate permit is filled.
