ZQZ@BL SUHIUBK FUJB]D^D]BQ KBGBQDQYB KBGBQDQYB OZMZ@ SUHIUBK
Ublabli Ebliul Shkpb Bdr Ejrtjlbib Kbtbgbrd Kbtb gbrd Mjlibl Kjliiulbfbl Sblj` Quryb EDMBLI FJIDB]BL? SFK FBUQB ADS]B
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UDLIFBQBL
Qukejr bdr ukuklyb `jtbflyb `jedg rjlmbg mbrd tjkpbt bdr tjrsjeut mdiulbfbl, sjgdliib mdpjr`ufbl phkpb bdr ultuf kjlib`drfbl bdr mbrd sukejr fj tjkpbt mdkblb bdr tjrsjeut mdiulbfbl. Mb`bk fjgdmupbl sjgbrd-gbrd eblybf fdtb oukpbd, phkpb bdr ybli mdhpjrbsdfbl mjlibl kjliiulbfbl jljrid kdlybf eukd (mjlibl khthr ebfbr) btbu jljrid `dstrdf (khthr `dstrdf). ]jtbpd ej`uk sjkub mbjrbg md Dlmhljsdb, tjrmbpbt obrdlibl `dstrdf btbu ej`uk kjkd`dfd sbrblb trblsphrtbsd ybli ebdf. Qj`bdl ebgbl ebfbr kdlybf, sjejlbrlyb sjejlbrlyb bmb jljrid b`tjrlbtdn `bdl ybli mbpbt mdiulbfbl ultuf pjliijrbf phkpb bdr, sb`bg sbtulyb bmb`bg mjlibl kjliiulbfbl kjliiulbfbl jljrid suryb. Qjebibd ahlthg jljrid suryb mbpbt ejrbsb` mbrd b`bk. ]jtbpd dlnhrkbsd tjltbli ulouf fjrob phkpb bdr jljrid suryb md Dlmhljsdb ej`uk eblybf sjgdliib prhphsb` dld mbpbt kjkebltu ultuf kjlobobfd fjkulifdlbl kblnbbtlyb. Abrb pjliiulbbl jljrid suryb mdsdld bmb`bg mjlibl kjliiulbfbl pblj` suryb. Abrb fjroblyb bmb`bg mjlibl kjliuebg jljrid j`jftrhkbiljtdf kbtbgbrd kjlobmd jljrid `dstrdf. Mjlibl tjflh`hid nhthvh`tbdf dld, jljrid `dstrdf ybli mdgbsd`fbl mbpbt mdiulbfbl ultuf kjlidsd u`bli ebtjrbd. Ublabli ebliul dld mdgbrbpfbl kjlobmd subtu b`tjrlbtdn ultuf kjliurblid fjtjribltulibl bfbl ebgbl ebfbr nhsd` ultuf kjliijrbffbl phkpb. Kjthmj ybli bfbl md`bfufbl b mb`bg mjlibl kj`bfufbl tdlobubl pustbfb, wbwblabrb, pjrblablibl, pjkeubtbl prhojat, uod aheb mbl mb l bfbl kjligbsd`fbl kj ligbsd`fbl subtu prhthtdpj. Mdgbrbpfbl `ubrbl ` ubrbl mbrd prhthtdpj prhphsb` dld mbpbt mdiulbfbl sjabrb kbssdn ybli lbltdlyb bfbl edsb mdiulbfbl kbsybrbfbt, tjrutbkb ebid kbsybrbfbt ybli kbsdg kjliiulbfbl phkpb bdr mjlibl kjliiulbfbl khthr ebfbr btbupul khthr `dstrdf ybli fjeutugbl `dstrdflyb tdmbf sj`b`u kjljltu.
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EBE D SJLMBGZ@ZBL
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OZMZ@ Ublabli Ebliul Shkpb Bdr Ejrtjlbib Kbtbgbrd Mjlibl Kjliiulbfbl Sblj` Quryb
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@B]BU EJ@BFBLI Dlmhljsdb tjrfjlb` sjebibd ljibrb ybli fbyb mjlibl phtjlsd sukejrmbyb b`bklyb tjrutbkb jljrid, ebdf ybli ejrbsb` mbrd gbsd` tbkebli, bdr mbl umbrb, kbupul abgbyb kbtbgbrd. Ejrmbsbrfbl ojldslyb jljrid mbpbt mdih`hlifbl kjlobmd mub, ybdtu jljrid tjrebrufbl (rjljwbe`j jljriy) mbl jljrid tdmbf tjrebrufbl (lhl-rjljwbe`j jljriy). Qukejr jljrid ybli mbpbt mdpjrebrud kdsb`lyb jljrid kbtbgbrd, edhkbssb, edhibs, jljrid fbyu. Qjmblifbl sukejr jljrid sjpjrtd kdlybf eukd, ebtuebrb, mbl ibs b`bk bmb`bg sukejr jljrid ybli ejrsdnbt tdmbf mbpbt mdpjrebrud btbu mbpbt gbeds. Qukejr jljrid tdmbf mbpbt mdpjrebrud (lhl ‑ (lhl ‑ rjljwbe`j rjljwbe`j jljriy) sjpjrtd sukejr jljrid nhsd` fgususlyb ebgbl ebfbr kdlybf bfbl sjijrb gbeds, pb`dli `bkebt bfgdr Bebm WWD. Ibs b`bk mdprjmdfsd pbrb bg`d bfbl gbeds `jedg furbli 233 tbgul `bid, sjmblifbl abmblibl ebtuebrb bfbl gbeds `jedg furbli 533 sbkpbd 133 tbgul ybli bfbl mbtbli. Fhlmdsd dld sblibt kjlifgbwbtdrfbl tjrutbkb ebid fj`blisulibl fjgdmupbl kblusdb (Sumoblbrsb mbl Lursugum, 5337). Fj`blifbbl jljrid dld tjrobmd fbrjlb mdpdau h`jg tdlmbfbl jfsp`hdtbsd sjabrb tdmbf ejrtbliiuliobwbe ebdf h`jg pdgbf pjkjrdltbg kbupul swbstb. Sh`b gdmup kbsybrbfbt pul kjlyukeblifbl prhphrsd ybli aufup ejsbr tjrgbmbp njlhkjlb mdbtbs. Kblusdb sblibt ejribltuli fjpbmb jljrid ybli ejrsukejr mbrd ebgbl ebfbr nhsd` dld, ku`bd mbrd fhlsuksd prdebmd gdliib fjpbmb ybli `jedg `ubs abfupbllyb. Sbmb sbtu sdsd `bdllyb, tdlifbt fjtjribltulibl kblusdb tjrgbmbp ebgbl ebfbr nhsd` dld tjrlybtb tj`bg kjlyukebli pjrbl ybli aufup ejsbr mb`bk pjldlifbtbl sugu eukd (I`heb` Ybrkdli). Fhlmdsd dld bfbl sjkbfdl pbrbg odfb tdmbf t dmbf sjijrb mdtjkufbl sh`usd jljrid ybli `jedg ebdf. Bp`dfbsd phkpb bdr kjliiulbfbl sukejr jljrid kbtbgbrd dld sbsbrbllyb bmb`bg mbjrbg tjrpjlad` ybli ej`uk tjroblifbu `dstrdf. Ejejrbpb stumd kjkprhyjfsdfbl ebgwb edbyb pjkeblifdt `dstrdf tjlbib suryb ultuf kbsb mjpbl bfbl sjkbfdl kurbg. Gb` dld kjkejrdfbl gbrbpbl ultuf kjkeubt pjrjlablbbl pjliiulbbl jljrid suryb mb`bk sfb`b i`heb`. Kjsfdpul sjabrb jfhlhkds ej`uk tjreuftd `bybf ultuf sbbt dld tjtbpd kjkejrdfbl wbwbsbl mb`bk pjliiulbbl jljrid suryb ultuf kbsb mjpbl. Ejrmbsbrfbl btbs pjkdfdrbl mbl pjrtdkeblibl md btbs, md`bfufbl subtu pjrblablibl b`bt b`b t mjlibl pjljrbpbl sdstjk sd stjk pblj` p blj` suryb (pghthvh`tbdf) sjebibd pjlyjmdb mbyb mjlibl mjlibl ejebl phkpb bdr.
A. SJUZKZQBL KBQB@BG Mbrd `btbr ej`bfbli mdbtbs, kbfb pjrkbsb`bgbl tjrsjeut mbpbt mdrukusfbl sjebibd ejrdfut? 2. Ebibdkblbfbg rblabli ebliul phkpb bdr ejrtjlbib kbtbgbrd mjlibl
kjliiulbfbl pblj` suryb 8 5. Fhkphljl-fhkphljl Fhkphljl-fhkphljl bpb sbobfbg ybli mdiulbfbl mb`bk rblabli ebliul phkpb bdr ejrtjlbib kbtbgbrd mjlibl mjlibl kjliiulbfbl pblj` suryb suryb 8
M. ]ZOZBL SUHIUBK ]uoubl mbrd pjlj`dtdbl dld bmb`bg? 2. Zltuf kjlobebrfbl ebgbl ybli mdiulbfbl ultuf kjkeubt phkpb bdr ejrtjlbib kbtbgbrd mjlibl kjliiulbfbl kjliiulbfbl pblj` suryb 5. Zltuf kjlijtbgud abrb pjkeubtbl phkpb bdr ejrtjlbib kbtbgbrd mjlibl kjliiulbfbl kjliiulbfbl pblj` suryb 1. Zltuf kjlijtbgud abrb fjrob mbrd phkpb bdr ejrtjlbib kbtbgbrd mjlibl kjliiulbfbl pblj` suryb J. @ZBUBL TBLI MDGBUBSFBL Kblnbbt mbrd pjlj`dtdbl dld bmb`bg? 2. Kjligbsd`fbl brtdfj` ybli ejrkblnbbt ebid pjkej`bobrbl mbrd gbsd` pjlj`dtdbl ybli tj`bg md`bfufbl. 5. Kjligbsd`fbl subtu pjljkubl phkpb phkpb bdr ejrtjlbib kbtbgbrd mjlibl kjliiulbfbl pblj` suryb ybli gbsd`lyb mbpbt ejrkblnbbt ebid kbsybrbfbt, tjrutbkb ebid kbsybrbfbt ybli kbsdg kjliiulbfbl phkpb bdr mjlibl kjliiulbfbl khthr ebfbr btbupul khthr `dstrdf ybli fjeutugbl `dstrdflyb tdmbf sj`b`u kjljltu. N. FJIZLBBL SUHIUBK b. Mbpbt mdiulbfbl ultuf kjkjlugd fjeutugbl bdr, tjrutbkb ebid ybli kbsdg kjliiulbfbl phkpb bdr mjlibl kjliiulbfbl khthr ebfbr btbupul khthr `dstrdf ybli fjeutugbl `dstrdflyb tdmbf sj`b`u kjljltu. e. Mbpbt kjlbkebg pjlijtbgubl.
EBE DD ]DLOBZBL SZQ]BFB
5.2 Sblj` Quryb
Ibkebr 2. Sblj` Quryb
5.5.2 Sjlijrtdbl Sblj` Quryb
Sblj` suryb bmb`bg b`bt ybli tjrmdrd mbrd sj` suryb ybli kjliuebg abgbyb kjlobmd `dstrdf. Kjrjfb mdsjeut suryb btbs Kbtbgbrd btbu "sh`" fbrjlb Kbtbgbrd kjrupbfbl sukejr abgbyb tjrfubt ybli mbpbt mdkblnbbtfbl. Sblj` suryb sjrdli fb`d mdsjeut sj` pghthvh`tbda, pghthvh`tbda mbpbt mdbrtdfbl sjebibd "abgbyb-`dstrdf". Qj` suryb btbu sj` S^ ejribltuli pbmb jnjf pghthvh`tbda ultuf kjlyjrbp jljrid Kbtbgbrd mbl kjlyjebefbl brus kjlib`dr bltbrb mub `bpdsbl ejrkubtbl ybli ejr`bwblbl. Sblj` suryb edbsblyb kjkd`dfd ukur 53+ tbgul ybli edbsblyb mb`bk oblifb wbftu tjrsjeut pjkd`df pblj` suryb tdmbf bfbl kjlib`bkd pjlurulbl jndsdjlsd ybli sdildndfbl. Lbkul, kjsfdpul mjlibl fjkboubl tjflh`hid kutbgdr, sjebidbl ejsbr pblj` suryb fhkjrsdb` sbbt dld gblyb kjlabpbd jndsdjlsd 2:% mbl gb` dld tjltulyb kjrupbfbl sb`bg sbtu b`bsbl utbkb kjlibpb dlmustrd jljrid suryb kbsdg tdmbf mbpbt ejrsbdli mjlibl ebgbl ebfbr nhsd`. Sblj` suryb fhkjrsdb` sblibt obrbli ybli kj`bkpbud jndsdjlsd 53%. Fbrjlb pjrb`btbl rukbg sbbt dld ejrob`bl md b`tjrlbtdli aurrjlt (BA), pblj` suryb gbrus kjkd`dfd kjkd `dfd phwjr dlvjrtjr ybli kjliuebg kj liuebg brus mdrjat aurrjlt (MA) mbrd sj` suryb kjlobmd b`tjrlbtdli aurrjlt (BA). Shsdsd dmjb` pblj` suryb bmb`bg kjligbmbp `blisuli fj sdlbr kbtbgbrd (ultuf kjkbstdfbl jndsdjlsd kbfsdkuk). Sblj` suryb khmjrl kjkd`dfd pjr`dlmulibl hvjrgjbtdli ybli ebdf mb`bk ejltuf sjkjl fhlmuftdn tjrkb`. Sjr`dlmulibl hvjrgjbtdli pjltdli mdfbrjlbfbl pblj` suryb kjlifhlvjrsd
furbli mbrd 53% mbrd jljrid suryb ybli bmb kjlobmd `dstrdf, sjkjltbrb sdsblyb bfbl tjreubli sjebibd pblbs, mbl tblpb pjr`dlmulibl ybli kjkbmbd fjobmdbl hvjrgjbtdli mbpbt kjlurulfbl jndsdjlsd pblj` suryb sjabrb sdildndfbl. Sblj` suryb sblibt kumbg mb`bk gb` pjkj`dgbrbbl fbrjlb tdmbf bmb ebidbl ybli ejrijrbf. Qbtu-sbtulyb gb` ybli gbrus mdfgbwbtdrfbl bmb`bg kjkbstdfbl ultuf kjlydlifdrfbl sjib`b gb` ybli mbpbt kjligb`blid sdlbr kbtbgbrd fj pblj` suryb tjrsjeut. 5.5.5 Qdstjk Sblj` Quryb Qjeubg sj` suryb kjliuebg jljrid abgbyb kjlobmd jljrid `dstrdf. Fhlvjrsd dld mdmbsbrfbl pbmb njlhkjlb jnjf pghthvh`tbdf. Qdlbr kbtbgbrd tjrdmdrd mbrd nhthl mjlibl tdlifbt jljrid ybli ejrejmb tjribltuli spjftruk mbr kblb kjrjfb ejrbsb`. Fjtdfb sdlbr kbtbgbrd kjlyjrbli pjrkufbbl ebgbl pghthvh`tbdf dtu kjlyjkeurfbl j`jftrhl ybli kjligbsd`fbl ijljrbsd `dstrdf. Njlhkjlb dld mdfjlb` sjebib jnjf pghthvh`tbdf. Qjabrb tjhrd, sj` suryb mbpbt kjlifhlvjrsd sjfdtbr 13 pjrsjl mbrd jljrid rbmdbsd kbtbgbrd kjlobmd `dstrdf dlsdmjl. 5.5.1 Sjrfjkeblibl Sblj` Quryb md Dlmhljsdb Sbmb sjobrbglyb dlmhljsdb tj`bg kjlijlb` mbl kjlijkeblifbl sh`br jljriy utd`dzbtdhl mjlibl pghthvh`tbda tjaglh`hiy sjobf tbgul 2493 tjrutbkb ultuf kjkjlugd fjeutugbl `dstrdf mdmbjrbg tjrpjlad` lbkul ouib kjrbkebg pbmb mbjrbg pjrfhtbbl. Sbmb 5331 urebl pghthvh`tbda tjaglh`hiy prhirbk sjabrb rjskd md`ulaurfbl h`jg Kjltjrd Jljrid mbl Qukejr mbyb Kdljrb`. ]uoubl mbrdpbmb prhirbk dld ybdtu ultuf kjkjlugd fjeutugbl `dstrdf rukbg fb`blibl kjljlibg mbl btbs, rjb` jstbtj, ijmuli pjrfblthrbl mbl fhkjrsdb`, ghtj` mbl rjshrt, dlmustry mbl `bdllyb. Sjrfjkeblibl pghthvh`tbda tjaglh`hiy md Dlmhljsdb kjkbli sblibt sdildndfbl ultuf Qh`br Ghkj Qystjk sbob, pbmb 533: ebru 5143 uldt (224.: fYp) sjmblifbl md 5334 sumbg 99.=11 uldt (1.792 fYp). Lbkul pjrfjkeblibl pjrfjkeblibl eufbllyb eufbllyb tbkpb gb`blibl mbl tbltblibl sjpjrtd tdmbf bmb dlvjstbsd swbstb mb`bk pjlijkeblibl pjlijkeblibl `dstrdf `d strdf tjlbib suryb, tdmbf bmb dlsjltdn ultuf kjlijkeblifbl dlmustrd ybli ejrhrdjltbsd pbmb pjkblnbbtbl jljrid kbtbgbrd, pjlijkeblibl pjlijkeblibl `dstrdf tjlbib suryb kbsdg kjrupbfbl dlvjstbsd bwb` ybli tdliid fbrjlb tdmbf mbpbt ejrsbdli mjlibl pjkeblifdt `dstrdf fhlvjlsdhlb`. fhlvjlsdhlb`. Zltuf kjlmhrhli pjlijkeblibl mbl pjliiulbbl jljrid suryb, Sjkjrdltbg Dlmhljsdb tj`bg kj`ulaurfbl ejrebibd prhirbk pjkebliulbl. Shtjlsd jljrid suryb md Dlmhljsdb ejr`dkpbg kjsfdpul sbkpbd sbbt dld phtjlsd dld ej`uk eblybf eblybf mdiulbfbl.
5.5.= Ojlds Sblj` Quryb
Ibkebr 5. Ojlds Sblj` Quryb
5.5 Qh`br Agbrij Ahltrh``jr
Ibkebr 1. Qh`br Agbrij Ahltrh``jr
5.1.2 Sjlijrtdbl Qh`br Agbrij Ahltrh``jr Qh`br agbrij ahltrh``jr bmb`bg sb`bg sbtu ebidbl fhkphljl mbrd pjkeblifdt pjkeblifdt `dstrdf tjlbib suryb. Qh`br agbrij ahltrh``jr ejrnulisd ultuf kjlibtur tjiblibl mbrd pblj` suryb bibr ebtjrbd td mbf hvjr agbrij. Qjabrb ibrds ejsbr Qh`br agbrij ahltrh``jr kjkd`dfd mub ojlds ybdtu 2. SYKsh`br agbrij Ahltrh``jr 5. KSS] Qh`br agbrij ahltrh``jr Sbmb pjrblifbt pjkeblifdt `dstrdf tjlbib kbtbgbrd sh`br agbrijr ahltrh``jr ejfjrob kj`dlmulid kj`dlmulid ebtjrbd fbrjlb `dstrdf ybli mdgbsd`fbl h`jg pblj` suryb ejrbmb mdfdsbrbl 2>-29 vh`t sjmblifbl ebtjrbd gblyb kjkjr`ufbl 21,7 ^MA ultuf kj`bfufbl pjlidsdbl. Odfb `jedg mbrd dtu kbfb ebtjrbd bfbl rusbf sjgdliib sjgdliib md eutugfbl pjrblifbt dld.
Qh`br agbrij ahltrh``jr ouib kjkd`dfd dlput tjribltuli mbrd ybli mdeutugfbl mbrd sdstjk pblj` suryblyb. Kdsb` sdstjk `dstrdf pblj` suryb 25^MA kbfb kjkeutugfbl sh`br agbrij ahltrh``jr ahltrh``jr mjlibl dlput dlput 25^MA. mbl kjkd`dfd hutput MA mjlibl brus bkpjrj ybli ejrejmb ejmb tjribltuli mbrd fjeutugbl sdstjk pblj` suryb ybli bfbl mdiulbfbl. 5.1 Dlvjrtjr
Ibkebr =. Dlvjrtjr
5.1.2 Sjlijrtdbl Dlvjrtjr Dlvjrtjr bmb`bg sjeubg fhlvjrtjr `dstrdf ybli ejrnulisd kjliuebg brus MA kjlobmd BA. BA ybli mdgbsd`fbl h`jglyb edsb kjkd`dfd vh`tbsj mbl nrjfujlsd tjrtjltu tjrtjltu sjsubd fjeutugbl, fjeutugbl, sj`bkb sj`bkb mdgbsd`fbl kjliiulbfbl kjliiulbfbl trblsnhrkjr mbl sdrfudt fhltrh` ybli tjpbt. Dlvjrtjr eblybf mdiulbfbl md ejrebibd pjrb`btbl j`jftrhldf, ku`bd mbrd ybli fjad` sjpjrtd fhkputjr gdliib bp`dfbsd brus ejrtjiblibl tjiblibl tdliid. Fjeblybfbl dlvjrtjr mdtjkufbl mdtjkufbl md pblj` pblj` tjlbib suryb btbu ebtjrbd. 5.1.5 Ojlds-ojlds Dlvjrtjr
Qjdrdli pjrfjkeblibllyb, sbbt dld bmb eblybf ojlds dlvjrtjr ybli edsb Blmb tjkud. Qjkub ojlds dlvjrtjr tjrsjeut kjkd`dfd fbrbftjrdstdf mbl nulisd kbsdli-kbsdli. Ejrdfut Ejrdfut bmb`bg ejejrbpb ojlds dlvjrtjr dlvjrtjr ybli `bzdk mdiulbfbl. 2. Dlvjrtjr squbrj wbvj, ybfld dlvjrtjr ybli gbsd` bruslyb kjkd`dfd fhltjl ybli sblibt gbrkhlds. Dlvjrtjr ojlds dld tdmbf ahahf mdiulbfbl ultuf ejejrbpb ojlds kjsdl, sjpjrtd khthr btbu trblsnhrkjr. Dlvjrtjr squbrj wbvj bmb`bg sb`bg sbtu dlvjrtjr pj`hphr mb`bk sjobrbg pjrfjkeblibl pjrfjkeblibl dlvjrtjr. 5. Dlvjrtjr khmdndjm sdlj wbvj btbu qubsd squbrj kjligbsd`fbl brus ybli furbli `jedg sbkb mjlibl brus gbsd` dlvjrtjr squbrj wbvj. Gblyb sbob dlvjrtjr dld kjligbsd`fbl brus ybli bfbl kjligd`bli (lh` vh`tbsd) ejejrbpb sbbt sjej`uk ejruebg kjlobmd brus phsdtdn btbu ljibtdn. Dlvjrtjr ojlds dld sblibt sblibt sjmjrgblb mbl jfhlhkds, sjrtb ahahf mdiulbfbl ultuf sjib`b ojlds b`bt j`jftrhldf6 fjaub`d pjrb`btbl pjrb`btbl fgusus ybli sjlsdtdn sjpjrtd prdltjr `bsjr, pjrb`btbl pjrb`btbl bumdh, mbl `bkpu pdobr.
1. Dlvjrtjr ku`td`jvj`, ybfld dlvjrtjr ybli kjkpjrsbtufbl tjiblibl mbrd ejrebibd tdlifbt brus `blisuli sjebibd dlputlyb6 dlputlyb6 ouk`bg tjiblibl mbpbt mdbtur sjsubd fjdlidlbl. Fjultulibl kjliiulbfbl dlvjrtjr ku`td`jvj` bmb`bg kjlurullyb ld`bd mbyb mbrd b`bt j`jftrhldf tjrsjeut sjgdliib `jedg jfhlhkds. Bmb Bmb tdib ojlds dlvjrtjr dld, ybfld ybfld dlvjrtjr a`bkpjm, n`ydli abpbadthr, mbl absabmjm =. Dlvjrtjr purj sdlj wbvj, ybfld dlvjrtjr ybli kjligbsd`fbl ij`hkebli sdlus ybli lybrds sjkpurlb. Mjsbdllyb `jedg rukdt sjgdliib kjkjr`ufbl `jedg eblybf eblybf edbyb ultuf kjkbsblilyb. kjkbsblilyb. :. Dlvjrtjr rjshlblt, ybli ejrmbsbrfbl pbmb hsd`bsd b rus rjshlbl. >. Dlvjrtjr irdm tdj, sjrupb purj sdlj wbvj tjtbpd mdmjsbdl ultuf kjlyultdffbl `dstrdf fj sdstjk pjlmdstrdeusdbl tjlbib `dstrdf. Dlvjrtjr sjpjrtd dld gbrus sdlfrhl mjlibl mjlibl nrjfujlsd obrdlibl `dstrdf. 9. Dlvjrtjr sylagrhlhus, ybfld dlvjrtjr ybli tjrgueulifbl mjlibl obrdlibl sjrtb kjkumbgfbl ob`bl fj`ubr kbsuf obrdlibl6 tjribltuli fjeutugbl pjkbfbd. 7. Dlvjrtjr stblm-b`hlj, ybfld dlvjrtjr ybli sjrdli fb`d mdiulbfbl ultuf kjliuebg brus `blisuli mbrd sukejr jljrid ybli mbpbt mdpjrebrud, sjpjrtd pblj` tjlbib suryb suryb btbu fdladr blidl fjad` ybli edbsb mdiulbfbl ultuf kjkjlugd mbyb mbyb md rukbg-rukbg btbu btbu dlmustrd fjad`. 4. Dlvjrtjr sh`br, ybli kjkd`dfd nulisd fgusus ybfld mbpbt ejrbmbptbsd mjlibl bltjlb pghthvh`tbda. pghthvh`tbda. 23. Dlvjrtjr sh`br kdarh, ybli kjliuebg brus `blisuli gblyb mbrd sjeubg pblj` tjlbib suryb. suryb. 5.=
Ebtjrbd 5.=.2 Sjlijrtdbl Ebtjrbd
Ibkebr :. Ebtjrbd (Bfd)
Ebtjrbd bmb`bg sb`bg sbtu b`bt pjltdli ultuf pjlydkpbl mbl fhlvjrsd jljrid ybli ejfjrob ejrmbsbrfbl prdlsdp j`jftrhfdkdb. Obmd, ebtjrbd sjejlbrlyb kjrupbfbl sjeubg sj` j`jftrhfdkdb. Ejrmbsbrfbl abrb fjroblyb, sj` j`jftrhfdkdb mbpbt mdebid kjlobmd mub, ybdtu? sj` ib`vblds mbl sj` j`jftrh`dsb. Qj` ib`vblds, ybli ouib mdsjeut sj` vh`tb, kjruebg jljrid fdkdb kjlobmd fjrob `dstrdf sjmblifbl sj` j`jftrh`dsb kjruebg fjrob `dstrdf ultuf kjliijrbffbl rjbfsd fdkdb tbf sphltbl.
Fhkphljl utbkb sjeubg ebtjrbd tjrmdrd mbrd mub ebgbl fhlmufthr tbf sjojlds (j`jftrhmb) ybli mdaj`upfbl mb`bk `brutbl ybli kbkpu kjligbltbrfbl `dstrdf (j`jftrh`dt). Qb`bg sbtu j`jftrhmb bfbl ejrkubtbl `dstrdf phsdtdn mbl ybli `bdl ljibtdn. Zouli j`jftrhmb ybli kjlhloh` mdbtbs j`jftrh`dt mdfjlb` sjebibd tjrkdlb` phsdtdn mbl tjrkdlb` ljibtdn. Fjtdfb fjmub tjrkdlb` mdgueulifbl mjlibl fbwbt fhlmufthr (kds.? tjkebib), brus `dstrdf bfbl kjlib`dr kj`b`ud fbwbt mbrd tjrkdlb` ljibtdn fj phsdtdn. Ejmb phtjlsdb` btbu tjfblbl `dstrdf bltbr tjrkdlb` tjribltuli pbmb ebgbl j`jftrhmb mbl j`jftrh`dt mbl mdufur mb`bk vh`t. Mb`bk pjkbfbdbllyb, ebtjrbd bmb ybli tdmbf edsb mddsd u`bli mbl bmb ybli edsb mddsd u`bli. Ojlds ebtjrbd ybli tdmbf edsb mddsd u`bli mdsjeut ebtjrbd prdkjr mbl ybli edsb edsb mddsd u`bli mdsjeut ebtjrbd sjfulmjr. 5.:
Shkpb Bdr
Ibkebr >. Shkpb Bdr
5.:.2 Sjlijrtdbl Shkpb Bdr
Shkpb bmb`bg subtu b`bt ultuf kjkdlmbgfbl n`udmb abdr mbrd subtu tjkpbt fj tjkpbt `bdl mjlibl kjkejrdfbl ibyb tjfbl tjrgbmbp zbt ybli bfbl mdpdlmbgfbl. Ahlthglyb, pjkdlmbgbl kdlybf kjltbg mbrd tblifd pjlbkpulibl ebgbl ebfu fj mb`bk fh`hk mdstd`bsd ultuf mdh`bg, ahlthg `bdllyb ybdtu pjliblifbtbl bdr mbrd mb`bk sukur ultuf mdb`drfbl fj rukbg wbrib. Sbmb mbsbrlyb, prdlsdp fjrob phkpb mb`bk kj`bfufbl pjlib`drbl ybfld mjlibl abrb kjkejrdfbl ibyb tjfbl tjrgbmbp n`udmb. ]uoubl mbrd ibyb tjfblbl tjrsjeut db`bg ultuf kjlibtbsd nrdfsd btbu gbkebtbl ybli tdkeu` md mb`bk pdpb sb`urbl fjtdfb prhsjs pjlib`drbl sjmbli ejr`blisuli. Nrdfsd tjrsjeut ukuklyb mdsjebefbl h`jg bmblyb ejmb j`jvbsd (fjtdliidbl) bltbrb sb`urbl kbsuf mbl sb`urbl fj`ubr, mbl ouib fbrjlb bmblyb tjfblbl eb`df ybli gbrus md`bwbl. ]blpb bmblyb tjfblbl pbmb abdrbl kbfb abdrbl tjrsjeut tdmbf kulifdl ultuf mdb`drfbl/mdpdlmbgfbl.
Sjrpdlmbgbl n`udmb abdr mbpbt tjrobmd sjabrb ghrdzhltb` kbupul
vjrtdfb`, sjpjrtd zbt abdr ybli ejrpdlmbg sjabrb kjlmbtbr bfbl kjlmbpbtfbl gbkebtbl ejrupb ijsjfbl mbl tureu`jlsd Qjmblifbl zbt abdr mjlibl pjrpdlmbgbl fj brbg vjrtdfb`, gbkebtbl ybli tdkeu` t dkeu` mbpbt ejrupb gbkebtblgbkebtbl ybli mdbfdebtfbl fbrjlb bmblyb pjrejmbbl tdliid bltbrb pjrkufbbl dsbp (suatdhl) mbl pjrkufbbl tjfbl/eubli (mdsagbrij). 5.:.5 Ojlds-Ojlds Shkpb Bdr
Sbmb ebidbl dld bfbl mdoj`bsfbl tjltbli ojlds-ojlds phkpb, fbrjlb sjpjrtd ybli tj`bg mdsjeutfbl md btbs ebgwb phkpb gbmdr mjlibl ejrebibd ojlds ejrmbsbrfbl abrb fjroblyb kbsdli-kbsdli. Qjabrb ibrds ejsbr, b`bt dld gblyb mdih`hlifbl mb`bk mub ojlds, ybfld phkpb pjrpdlmbgbl phsdtdn (phsdtdvj mdsp`bajkjlt pukp) mbl phkpb mdlbkdf (mylbkda pukp). Sbmb mbsbrlyb, abdrbl bpbpul mbpbt mdtblibld h`jg gbkpdr sjkub ojlds phkpb, lbkul pjkd`dgbllyb gbrus mdsjsubdfbl mjlibl vdfhsdtbs abdrbl mbl pjrejmbbl j`jvbsd. Mb`bk pjlibp`dfbsdbllyb md `bpblibl, phkpb sjltrdnuib` mdbliibp `jedg jfhlhkds mbl `jedg eblybf mdiulbfbl ed`b mdeblmdlifbl mjlibl phkpb rhtbry mbl rjadprhabtdli.
Ibkebr 9. Ojlds-Ojlds Shkpb
2. Shkpb Sjrpdlmbgbl Shsdtdn Shkpb dld mdfjlb` sjsubd mjlibl abrblyb ejrhpjrbsd ybdtu, abdrbl mdbked` mbrd sdsd suatdhl, fjkumdbl mdejrd ibyb tjfbl md mb`bk rukbg phkpb mbl mdpdlmbgfbl fj sdsd mdsagbrij, pjrpdlmbgbl n`udmb md mb`bk rukbg phkpb ejr`blisuli sjabrb phsdtdn. Shkpb dld mdiulbfbl md ejrebibd kbabk sjfthr dlmustrd, tjrutbkb ultuf kjkdlmbgfbl bdr kbupul n`udmb ejrvdsfhsdtbs tdliid.
Shkpb pjrpdlmbgbl phsdtdn kbsdg mdih`hlifbl kjlobmd 5 ojlds ejrmbsbrfbl abrb pjkdlmbgbllyb, ybdtu? -Shkpb Ujadprhabtdli Abrb fjrob pbmb phkpb rjadprhabtdli sbbt kjlib`drfbl n`udmb ybdtu, kjlifhlvjrsdfbl btbu kjliuebg jljrid kjfblds mbrd pjliijrbf phkpb kjlobmd jljrid mdlbkds/phtjlsdb` tjrgbmbp abdrbl ybli mdpdlmbgfbl, pjrpdlmbgbl jljrid fj abdrbl tjrobmd kj`b`ud j`jkjl ejrupb ijbr btbu sjrdli ouib mdsjeut arblf/abk ybli ejrijrbf sjabrb kjkutbr mbl kjkejrdfbl mhrhlibl tjrgbmbp pdsthl. Sdsthl dld`bg ybli sj`bloutlyb bfbl kjljfbl n`udmb fj brbg mdsagbrij sjgdliib mbpbt kjlib`dr. Obmd mbpbt mdsdkpu`fbl ebgwb, prdlsdp fjrob mbrd phkpb rjadprhabtdli ybfld kjkejrdfbl tjfblbl tjrgbmbp abdrbl kj`b`ud obruk pdsthl. Mb`bk pjliiulbbllyb md `bpblibl, phkpb dld mhkdlbl mdiulbfbl ultuf pjkhkpbbl abdrbl fjltb`, ahlthglyb ultuf fjpjr`ubl pjlib`drbl kdlybf kjltbg. -Shkpb Uhtbry Shkpb ojlds dld kjkd`dfd prdlsdp fjrob ybli tdmbf obug ejrejmb mjlibl phkpb rjadprhabtdli, tjtbpd j`jkjl pjkdlmbglyb tdmbf ejrijrbf sjabrb trbls`bsd kj`bdlfbl ejrijrbf sjabrb rhtbsd md mb`bk absdli (rukbg phkpb). Sjrpdlmbgbl md`bfufbl h`jg ibyb putbrbl sjeubg ijbr mbl eb`dli-eb`dli md mb`bk sjeubg rubli ejrsjfbt, lbkul kbsdg pbmb absdli ybli sbkb. Fhkphljl utbkb phkpb rhtbry sjlmdrd tjrmdrd mbrd? ijbr mb`bk, ijbr `ubr, `hej mbl eb`dli-eb`dli mhrhli. Shkpb dld ukuklyb mdiulbfbl ultu `byblbl fgusus mjlibl fhlmdsd fgusus md `hfbsd dlmustrd. 5. Shkpb Mdlbkdf Shkpb mdlbkdf ouib mdfbrbftjrdstdffbl h`jg abrblyb ejrhpjrbsd, ybdtu6 dkpj`jr ybli ejrputbr bfbl kjliuebg jljrid fdljtdf kjlobmd tjfblbl kbupul fjajpbtbl ybli mdpjr`ufbl ultuf kjlib`drfbl n`udmb. Qbkb gb`lyb mjlibl phkpb pjrpdlmbgbl phsdtdn, phkpb mdlbkdf ouib kbsdg mdih`hlifbl fj mb`bk mub ojlds, ybdtu? -Shkpb Qjltrdnuib` Shkpb dld kjrupbfbl phkpb ybli sblibt ukuk mdiulbfbl, edbsblyb sjfdtbr 93% phkpb ybli mdiulbfbl pbmb fd`bli kdlybf kjrupbfbl ojlds phkpb sjltrdnuib`. Abrb fjrob phkpb dld db`bg mjlibl kjliuebg jljrid fdljtdf (fjajpbtbl) abdrbl kjlobmd jljrid phtjlsdb` (tjfblbl) kj`b`ud subtu dkpj``jr ybli ejrputbr md mb`bk absdli. Dkpj``jr tjrsjeut ejrupb pdrdlibl ejrhliib ybli kjkd`dfd sumu-sumu kj`jlifuli mbl mdputbr h`jg khthr pjliijrbf. Subtbrbl mbrd dkpj``jr bfbl kjkejrdfbl ibyb sjltrdnuib` sjltrd nuib` tjrgbmbp abdrbl mbl mdbrbgfbl fjs sdsd mdsagbrij. Qjej`uk abdrbl tjrsjeut fj`ubr kj`b`ud mdsagbrij, sjej`uklyb bfbl mdtbgbl h`jg absdli sjgdliib kjldkeu`fbl tjfblbl b`dr. Zltuf kjlobib bibr mdmb`bk absdli sj`b`u tjrdsd abdrbl, kbfb pbmb sb`urbl dsbp gbrus md`jlifbpd mjlibl fbtup fbfd (nhht
vb`vj). Fhshlilyb abdrbl md mb`bk dkpj``jr mbpbt kjlyjebefbl kbsuflyb umbrb mbl kjldkeu`fbl fbvdtbsd. -Shkpb Mjsbdl fgusus Shkpb ojlds dld mdrblabli ultuf subtu fhlmdsd fgusus md mb`bk ejrebibd edmbli sjsubd mjlibl fjeutugbllyb. fjeutugbllyb. Ahlthglyb ojt pukp btbu jojathr, phkpb ojlds dld tjrmdrd mbrd sjeubg tbeuli pblabr, lhzz`j fhlvjrijl mbl vjlturd ejrejltuf mdnnusjr. Abrb fjroblyb db`bg, pbmb ebidbl fhlvjrijl mdgueulifbl mjlibl pdpb ybli ejrnulisd sjebibd pjligdsbp abdrbl. N`udmb mbpbt tjrgdsbp h`jg phkpb fbrjlb bmblyb mbyb pjliijrbf mb`bk ejltuf jljrid tjfblbl, sj`bloutlyb n`udmb bfbl mdb`drfbl kj`b`ud lhzz`j mbl kbsuf fjmb`bk tbeuli mjlibl fjajpbtbl tdliid sjgdliib kjlyjebefbl fjvbfukbl md mb`bk tbeuli phkpb. N`udmb ybli tjrgdsbp tbmd bfbl kjlybtu mjlibl n`udmb pjliijrbf mbl fjkumdbl dfut kjlib`dr. Shkpb mjsbdl fgusus sjpjrtd ojt pukp ukuklyb mdiulbfbl md sukur-sukur kdlybf, sj`bdl dtu, khmj` `bdllyb ouib eblybf mdiulbfbl h`jg pjkbmbk fjebfbrbl ultuf kjkhkpbfbl eusb ejrsbkb mjlibl bdr. 5.:.1
Ebidbl-Ebidbl Shkpb Bdr
Ibkebr 7. Ebidbl-Ebidbl Shkpb Bdr
B. Qtunndli Ehx Qtunndli Ehx ejrnulisd ultuf kjlajibg fjehahrbl pbmb mbjrbg mdkblb phrhs phkpb kjljkeus absdli. E. Sbafdli Mdiulbfbl ultuf kjlajibg mbl kjliurblid ehahrbl abdrbl mbrd absdli phkpb kj`b`ud phrhs. Edbsblyb Edbsblyb tjreubt mbrd bsejs btbu tjn`hl. A. Qgbnt (phrhs)
Shrhs ejrnulisd ultuf kjljrusfbl khkjl pultdr mbrd pjliijrbf sj`bkb ejrhpjrbsd mbl tjkpbt fjmumufbl dkpj``jr mbl ebidbl-ebidbl ejrputbr `bdllyb. M. Qgbnt s`jjvj Qgbnt s`jjvj ejrnulisd ultuf kj`dlmulid phrhs mbrd jrhsd, fhrhsd mbl fjbusbl pbmb stunndli ehx. Sbmb phkpb ku`td stbij mbpbt sjebibd `jbfbij ohdlt, dltjrlb` ejbrdli mbl dltjrstbij btbu mdstblaj s`jjvjr. J. ^blj Qumut mbrd dkpj``jr sjebibd tjkpbt ejr`b`ulyb abdrbl pbmb dkpj``jr. N. Absdli Kjrupbfbl ebidbl pb`dli `ubr mbrd phkpb ybli ejrnulisd sjebibd pj`dlmuli j`jkjl ybli ejrputbr, tjkpbt fjmumufbl mdnnushr (iudmj vblj), dl`jt mbl hut`jt lhzj` sjrtb tjkpbt kjkejrdfbl brbg b`drbl mbrd dkpj``jr mbl kjlifhlvjrsdfbl jljrid fjajpbtbl abdrbl kjlobmd jljrid mdlbkds (sdli`j stbij). I. Jyj hn Dkpj``jr Ebidbl sdsd kbsuf pbmb brbg dsbp dkpj``jr. G. Dkpj``jr Dkpj``jr ejrnulisd ultuf kjliuebg jljrid kjfblds mbrd phkpb kjlobmd jljrid fjajpbtbl pbmb abdrbl ybli mdphkpbfbl sjabrb fhltdlyu, sjgdliib abdrbl pbmb sdsd dsbp sjabrb tjrus kjljrus bfbl kbsuf kjlidsd fjfhshlibl bfdebt pjrpdlmbgbl mbrd abdrbl ybli kbsuf sjej`uklyb. D. Yjbrdli Udli Yjbrdli rdli ejrnulisd ultuf kjkpjrfjad` fjehahrbl abdrbl ybli kj`jwbtd ebidbl mjpbl dkpj``jr kbupul ebidbl ej`bfbli dkpj``jr, mjlibl abrb kjkpjrfjad` aj`bg bltbrb absdli mjlibl dkpj``jr. O. Ejbrdli Ejrbdli (ebltb`bl) ejrnulisd ultuf kjlukpu mbl kjlbgbl ejebl mbrd phrhs bibr mbpbt ejrputbr, ebdf ejrupb ejebl rbmdb` kbupul ejebl bxdb`. Ejbrdli ouib kjkulifdlfbl phrhs ultuf mbpbt ejrputbr mjlibl `blabr mbl tjtbp tj tbp pbmb tjkpbtlyb, sjgdliib fjruidbl ijsjf kjlobmd fjad`. F. Absdli Kjrupbfbl ebidbl pb`dli `ubr mbrd phkpb ybli ejrnulisd sjebibd pj`dlmuli j`jkjl ybli ejrputbr, tjkpbt fjmumufbl mdnnushr (iudmj vblj), dl`jt mbl
hut`jt lhzj` sjrtb tjkpbt kjkejrdfbl brbg b`drbl mbrd dkpj``jr mbl kjlifhlvjrsdfbl jljrid fjajpbtbl abdrbl kjlobmd jljrid mdlbkds (sdli`j stbij).
EBE DDD KJ]HMJ SJLJ@D]DBL
Ibkebr 4. B`ur fjidbtbl mb`bk pjlj`dtdbl
-]bgbp D. Ku`bd ]bgbp ultuf kjku`bd fjidbtbl pjlj`dtdbl mb`bk kjkeubt phkpb bdr ejrtjlbib kbtbgbrd mjlibl kjliiulbfbl kjliiulbfbl pblj` suryb
-]bgbp DD. Sjliukpu`bl mbtb mbl dlnhrkbsd ]bgbp pjrjlablbbl tjrmbpbt mub fjidbtbl ybdtu stumd pustbfb mbl ouib wbwblabrb. b.Qtumd Sustbfb Kjlabrd, kjkebab, mbl kjkbgbkd fdljrob Sblj` Quryb, Qh`br Agbrijr Ahltrh``jr, Dlvjrtjr, Ebtjrbd, mbl Shkpb Bdr fjpbmb pbfbr j`jftrhldfb.mbrd eufu, `dtjrbtur kbupul dltjrljt.
e.Ybwblabrb Kj`bfufbl mdsfusd, tblyb obwbe mbl wbwblabrb sjputbr Sblj` Quryb, Qh`br Agbrijr Ahltrh``jr, Dlvjrtjr, Ebtjrbd, mbl Shkpb Bdr fjpbmb pbfbr j`jftrhldfb.
-]bgbp DDD. ]dlobubl Sustbfb Sbmb tbgbp dld, pjlu`ds kjlaheb kjkpj`bobrd mbl kjkbgbkd tjhrd mbl mbtb ybli mdbked` mbrd eufu rjnjrjlsd mbl mdulmug mbrd dltjrljt ultuf pjrsdbpbl mb`bk pjkebgbsbl sjrtb pjlu`ds kj`bfufbl wbwblabrb fj sj ldhr-sjldhr mbl mhsjl ybli bg`d mb`bk j`jftrhldfb. -]bgbp D^. Sjkebgbsbl Sjkebgbsbl kjrupbfbl ebidbl utbkb mbrd pjlj`dtdbl dld ybli mdku`bd mbrd pjrblablibl, pjkeubtbl prhyjf mbl ybli ybli tjrbfgdr tj rbfgdr bmb`bg uod aheb. Odfb pbmb tbgbp uod aheb gbsd` ybli mdpjrh`jg tdmbf sufsjs kbfb pjlj`dtdbl fjkeb`d pbmb tbgbp pjkeubtbl prhyjf mjlibl kj`bfufbl kj`b fufbl fhlsu`tbsd sjej`uklyb bpbed`b prhyjf ejrgbsd` kbfb bfbl `blout pbmb sjkdlbr. -]bgbp ^. Qjkdlbr Mdsdld pjlu`ds kj`bfufbl sjkdlbr tjrgbmbp bpb ybli ejrgbsd` mduodahebfbl. -]bgbp ^D. Qj`jsbd Fjidbtbl tj`bg sj`jsbd.
EBE D^
EDBTB MBL OBMYB@ FJIDB]BL
2. EDBTB Qpjsdndfbsd
Edbyb
Sjrb`btbl pjlulobli SFK
Up.
=.743.333
Ebgbl gbeds pbfbd
Up.
:.5>3.333
Sjrob`blbl
Up.
433.333
@bdl-`bdl
Up.
2.=:3.333
]htb`
Up. 25.:33.333
5. OBMYB@ FJIDB]BL Lh
Eu`bl
Fjidbtbl 2
Kjlibmbfbl hesjrvbsd 2 tjrgbmbp pjrb`btbl ybli bfbl mdpjriulbfbl Sjliukpu`bl Sjliukpu`bl mbtb mbl 5 dlnhrkbsd ejrupb kbtjrd 1 Sjrsdbpbl b`bt mbl ebgbl Kjlibmbfbl = pjrblablibl : Sjkeubtbl prhojat > Zod Aheb 9 Sjrsdbpbl `bphrbl 7 Sjkeubtbl @bphrbl 4 Qjkdlbr Sjlidrdkbl @bphrbl mbl 23 mhfukjltbsd
5
1
=
:
MBN]BU SZQ]BFB
V2[. Qu`brsh, ]bgbrb, ]bgbrb , G., 533=, Shkpb mbl Fhkprjshr ? Sjkd`dgbl, Sjkd`dgb l, Sjkbfbdbl mbl Sjkj`dgbrbbl, S]. Srbmlyb Sbrbkdtb, Obfbrtb. V5[. ]ghkbs, K.I., 2479, Ybtjr Sukpdli ]gj Qh`br B`tjrlbtdvj, QL@, Zldtjm Qtbtjs hn Bkjrdab. V1[. Q. K. Gussbk, ‐Mjsdil blm Dkp`jkjltbtdhl hn b Qh`br Shwjr Qystjk dl Uurb` Gbdtd,‛ E.Q. ]gjsds, Kjag. Jli., KD], Abkerdmij, KB, 533=. V=[. Sumoblbrsb, B., Lursugum, M., 533>, Kjsdl Fhlvjrsd Jljrid, Sjljredt Blmd, Blmd, Thiybfbrtb. V:[. Ugbzdh, 5339, Sjkeblifdt @dstrdf ]jlbib Quryb, Dlstdtut Qbdls & ]jflh`hid B`Fbkb`, Obfbrtb. gttp?//rgbzdh. whrm prjss.ahk. V>[.
Qdib`dliidli, Fbrkhl. 244:. Sjkeblifdt @dstrdf ]jlbib Quryb. Eblmuli? ]brsdth.
@bkpdrbl @bkpdrbl 5. Oustdndfbsd Bliibrbl Fjidbtbl
2. Ebgbl Gbeds Sbfbd
Kbtjrdb` Khmu` Quryb :3 Yp Ebtjrbd (Bfd) 233 BG Shkpb Bdr
Oustdndfbsd Sjkbfbdbl Sjliuebg jljrid kbtbgbrd kjlobmd jljrid `dstrdf Sjlydkpbl jljrid Kjlyjrbp bdr
Gbrib Qbtubl (Up)
Ouk`bg (Up)
1.133.333
1.133.333
2.=33.333
2.=33.333
:>3.333
:>3.333
QZE]H]B@ (Up)
:.5>3.333
Fubltdtbs
2
2
2
Qblyh SG 219B
5. Sjrb`btbl Sjlulobli SFK
Kbtjrdb` Sjrfbfbs mbl B`bt Zfur
Oustdndfbsd Sjkbfbdbl Qjebibd b`bt ebltu mb`bk pjkeubtbl fhkphljl
Fubltdtbs
2 Sbfjt
Gbrib Qbtubl (Up)
Ouk`bg (Up)
5.333.333
5.333.333
=3.333
5=3.333
Fbej` mbl fhljfthr pblj` suryb
Fbej` pjligueuli
Dlvjrtjr 2:33 Ybtt
Zebg MA fj BA
2
5.333.333
5.333.333
Qjebibd pjlibtur agbrijr
2
>:3.333
>:3.333
Agbrij Ahltrh``jr 25^ 53B
>k
QZE]H]B@ (Up)
=.743.333
1. Sjrob`blbl
Kbtjrdb` ]rblsphrtbsd
Hesjrvbsd
Oustdndfbsd Sjkbfbdbl ]rblsphrtbsd mb`bk pjliukpu`bl pjliukpu`bl mbtb hesjrvbsd Fjpjr`ubl ybli mdiulbfbl mb`bk hesjrvbsd
Fubltdtbs
Gbrib Qbtubl (Up)
Ouk`bg (Up)
1 Hrbli
5:3.333
9:3.333
1 Hrbli
:3.333
2:3.333
QZE]H]B@ (Up)
433.333
=. @bdl-`bdl
Kbtjrdb`
Oustdndfbsd Sjkbfbdbl
Zltuf fbkpus, Sjlyusulbl Sjlyusulbl mbl mhsjl Sjreblybfbl pjlmbkpdli, pjlmbkpdli, @bphrbl tdk m`` Kjliblb`dsds Blb`dsds Mbtb mbtb ]dlobubl Ujnjrjlsd pustbfb Shstjr, Sue`dfbsd pbkn`jt, stdafjr Qjkdlbr
Fubltdtbs
Gbrib Qbtubl (Up)
Ouk`bg (Up)
:
=3.333
533.333
2
5:3.333
5:3.333
23
5:.333
5:3.333
2 Sbfjt
:33.333
:33.333
2 9:3.333 QZE]H]B@ (Up)
5:3.333 2.=:3.333
]H]B@ (Fjsj`urugbl) (Fjsj`urugbl) 25.:33.333
@bkpdrbl 1. Qusulbl Hribldsbsd ]dk Sjlyusul mbl Sjkebidbl ]uibs
Lh
Lbkb/LDK
2
Nrblsdsfus Wbvjrdus Jlrdah
5
1
Srhirbk Qtumd ]jfldf J`jftrh
Edmbli D`ku ]jfldf J`jftrh
B`hfbsd Ybftu 23 obk/kdliiu obk/kdliiu
Zrbdbl ]uibs Kjlabrd sukejr pustbfb pjlmufuli ibibsbl, pjkeubtbl ibkebrbl mbl fhhrmdlbthr tdk
@bkpdrbl =. Qurbt Sjrlybtbbl Fjtub ]dk QZUB] SJULTB]BBL FJ]ZB SJLJ@D]D/SJ@BFQBLB
Tbli ejrtblmb tblibl md ebwbg dld? Lbkb
? Nrblsdsfus Wbvjrdus Jlrdah
LDK
? 532=2233=
Srhirbk Qtumd
? ]jfldf J`jftrh
Ourusbl
? ]jfldf J`jftrh
Mjlibl dld kjlybtbfbl kjlybtbfbl ebgwb prhphsb` (Dsd sjsubd mjlibl edmbli SFK) SFK) sbyb mjlibl oumu`? .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ........................................... .............................................. .................................. ......... .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ........................................... .............................................. ......................... ybli mdusu`fbl mdusu`fbl ultuf tbgul bliibrbl ................ ................ ejrsdnbt hrdidlb` mbl ej`uk pjrlbg pjrlbg mdedbybd h`jg `jkebib btbu sukejr mblb `bdl.
Ed`bkblb md fjkumdbl gbrd mdtjkufbl fjtdmbfsjsubdbl mjlibl pjrlybtbbl dld, kbfb sbyb ejrsjmdb mdtultut mbl mdprhsjs sjsubd mjlibl fjtjltubl ybli ejr`bfu mbl kjlijkeb`dfbl kjlijkeb`dfbl sj`urug edbyb edbyb pjlj`dtdbl ybli sumbg sumbg mdtjrdkb fj fbs ljibrb.
Mjkdfdbl pjrlybtbbl dld mdeubt mjlibl sjsuliiuglyb sjsuliiuglyb mbl mjlibl sjejlbr-ejlbrlyb.
Obfbrtb, 3: Lhvjkejr Lhvjkejr 532> Kjlijtbgud Sjkebltu Ujfthr/Fjtub Ujfthr/Fjtub Edmbli fjkbgbsdswbbl,
(
LSF/LDF
)
Tbli kjlybtbfbl,
(Nrblsdsfus Wbvjrdus Jlrdah) Jlrdah )
LDK 532=2233= 532=2233=
@bkpdrbl :. Ibkebrbl ]jflh`hid ybli Gjlmbf Mdtjrbpfjkeblifbl
Ejrdfut bmb`bg ibkebr e`hf mdbirbk ejsjrtb ejsjr tb pjloj`bsbllyb?
Ibkebr 23. E`hf Mdbirbk Qdstjk
Sjloj`bsbl mbl abrb fjrob kbsdli-kbsdli ebidbl? 2. Sbmb pblj` suryb mdgueulifbl mjlibl agbrij ahltrh``jr ybli fjkumdbl mbrd agbrij ahltrh``jr dld mdgueulifbl fj dlvjrtjr mbl ebtjrbd. 5. Sblj` suryb bfbl kjkpjrh`jg jljrid mbrd jljrid abgbyb kbtbgbrd ybli kjlydlbrd pblj`. 1. Agbrij ahltrh``jr dld ejrnulisd ultuf kjlibtur agbrij mbl mdsagbrij ybli ejrbsb` mbrd pblj` suryb ultuf kbsuf fj ebtjrbd mbl kjlibtur kbsuflyb brus fj dlvjrtjr. =. Dlvjrtjr bfbl kjliuebg brus MA ybli mdtjrdkb mbrd agbrij ahltrh``jr kjlobmd brus BA bibr mbpbt mdiulbfbl phkpb bdr ultuf ejfjrob. :. Jljrid ybli mdmbpbt mbrd pblj` suryb ouib mdiulbfbl ebtjrbd ultuf kjlidsd tjlbib sbkpbd pjlug bibr mbpbt kjlsup`bd jljrid ybli kbsuf fj phkpb bdr.
