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PISTONLESS PUMP
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Chapter-1 Send me updates from Scribd
INTRODUCTION
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This paper proposes a piston less pump has a alternative to turbo-pump
By registering account, agree to our Terms pressure feda Scribd systems inyouboth boost and upper stage applications and also of Service and Privacy Policy
space vehicles. The piston less pump offers significant cost, reliab and performance advantages. These advantages Already have an account? Sign in
are related
simplicity of the design. A discussion on how to optimized vehicle which u
the proposed pump is presented in terms of chamber pressure. A compar using this optimization procedure is also presented for pressure fed and
pump systems. Any pressurized as which is compatible with the the propellant m
power the pump, but bu t this paper will focus on two possibilities: po ssibilities: gaseous hel which is stored in composite tanks or liquid Helium (he) which is stored
low pressure Dewar, pressurized by a piston less pump and vaporized at
rocket engine. The pump may also be used for space propels on, where it of
a number of advantages in performance, safety and flexibility for space veh designers.
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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Figure 1: Piston Less Pumped Stage Sign up to vote on this title
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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the issue entirely by building a huge pressure feed booster. Their booster n
Sendthe me updates from Scribdbehind it was sound and , if they had a low cost pu flew, but engineering
at their disposal ,they might be competing against Boeing. This pump saves Sign Up
to 90% of the mass of the tanks as compared to a pressure fed system. T By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms
pump has really proved toPolicy be a boon for rockets. By this pump the rocket d of Service and Privacy not have to carry heavy load and can travel with very high speed. Already have an account? Sign in
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PUMP TECHNOLOGY Send me updates from Scribd
The piston less pump system is basically a pressure fed pump chamber tha Sign Up
periodically vented and refilled from the propellant tank through a check va
registering a Scribd account, agree to our Terms andBythen pressurized to you deliver propellant to the engine through another ch of Service and Privacy Policy
valve. Two chambers, a main chamber and an auxiliary chamber w Alreadycycles have an account? Sign in steady overlapping provide
output pressure.
A diagram
pump operation is shown in Figure. Two pumping chambers are used in e
pump, eachone being alternately refilled and pressurized. The pump starts w both chambers filled delivering from the main chamber (Step1.Once the
get slow in the main chamber, the auxiliary chamber is pressurized; and flo
there by established from both sides during a short transient period (Step 2) u
full flow is established from the auxiliary chamber. Then the nearly em
chamber is vented and refilled. (Step3) Then flow is against a blushed from b You're Reading a Preview
chambers, (Step4) the auxiliary chamber is refilled Unlock full access with a free trial. and finally the cycle repe
This results in steady flow and pressure. In general only one chamber need Download With Free Trial
have flow margin, so that is why the chamber sizes are a symmetrical
diagram and photo liquid nitrogen pump that was developed for an L Methane RCS thruster’s application for NASA Glenn .
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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The pressurant gas can be supplied from a source of liquefied gas that is he
Send me updates from at the engine, such asScribd liquidhelium, or by heating the propellants themse
(autogenous pressurization).This basic pump design has been around for m Sign Up
years 3, 4, 5, and systems last a very long time, in fact one pump come wi By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms
25yearguarantee.The pump is muchlarger than an equivalent turbo-pump, of Service and Privacy Policy
since it starts full of propel ant, there is node crease in overall prope Already have an account? Sign in
volume. A Diagram of a Pump that was Build and Tested is shown in Figur This System includes all the necessary parts to test the Pump.
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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PUMP DESIGN PROCESS Send me updates from Scribd
Chamber Pressure
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The first step in the development process is to determine the best combus By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms Policy chamber of Service and Privacy pressure.
For
a
pi
less pump system, the pump weight is proportion alto the pressure, but the pu Already have an account? Sign in
weight does not drive the system design.Instead, the weight of the pressu
which drives the pump is the key factor, just as it is for a gas generator tu
pumpsystem. For a turbo pump operating with a chamber pressure of 1000 and
LOXHC
propellants,
the
gas
gene
or burns about 2.5%of the of the propellant in the gas generator. At higher p
ures, proportionally more propellant is burned, and although the ISP increase
ith pressure, the optimum chamber pressure is on the order of 1000 psi. For a You're Reading a Preview ton less pump, the pump can run on helium stored at low temperature Unlock full access with a free trial.
heated at the engine, so the pressurant weighsonly5% of the propellant m
Download With Freepressure Trial at1000 psi. Therefore, the optimum output for a piston less pu
system isapproximately 1700 psi, which results in an increase in ISP
compared to a gas generator system. At this pressure, thehelium weighs ab 1% of the propellant mass and the pump weighs about 1% of the thrust.
details on this launchvehicle optimization process, see Ref. 2. Of cours Sign up to vote on this title
staged combustion system has higher ISP, but it is quite expensiveand Useful Not useful higher operating pressures lead to decreased reliability. The other extreme
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PISTONLESS PUMP
Pump Chamber Design Send me updates from Scribd
The pump chamber scan be spheres, cylinders or any other pressure ve shape. In order toSign minimize the mass of the pressurant gas, it is best to Up
heated gas pressurant. This leads to a requirement to use metallic chamb By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms Serviceis andbest Privacy Policy andstainlessofsteel for heat resistance
and specific strength. The optim
shape for a metallic pressure vessel is asp here.The mass of the pump chamb Already have an account? Sign in
is easily determined based on the pressure and volume requirements. The pu
chamber volume is based on the cycle time and the required flow rate. The n step is to determine the required cycle time.
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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and pressurize during the time that the auxiliary chamber is dispensing.
Send isthe me updates fromrequired Scribd vent time time for the pump chamber pressure to fall below
tank pressure so that the chamber can begin filling.Assuming that we Sign Up
starting with an early empty pump chamber which is still full of pressurant By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms
the first step is toopen of Service and Privacythe Policyvent valve, which takes a bout30ms. Then
pressurant gas flows through the valve under choked and thensubs Already have an account? Sign in
conditions. The vent valve is designed to open under a high delta pressure
then close under low delta P, so thevalve actuator power is low for a given va
flow area. For the given design, the vent valve diameter is 20inches.The tim
vent is ~100ms.The next step is the fill process, where in propellant flows f
the tank in to the pump chamber, In thisstep, the key is to diffuse the f
entering the pump chamber so as to minimize foaming or bubble entrainmen theincoming flow. We have developed a proprietary method of doing this
Reading a Preview diameter pump chambe works very well. The time You're required to fillan8Ft access with a free trial. approximately 300ms, with Unlock 224 full inch diameter check valves. Just before
propellant reachthe top of Download the pump chamber, With Free Trial the flow is halted by
pressurization step. The propellant level can be sensed by a float based
capacitive level sensor. The pressurize time is a function of the flow rate of
pressurize valve and regulator, andif the pump chamber is nearly ful
propellant at the end of the fill cycle, the mass of pressurant required is smal Sign up to vote on this title
thisis can be a fast process, taking less than 100ms. Then the dispense step
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proceed while the auxiliary pump chamber isvented refilled and repressuri
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PISTONLESS PUMP
PLUMBING DESIGN Send me updates from Scribd
The duct size scan be quickly determined by the requirement that the dyna
pressure be much Sign lessUp than thestatic pressure, a few percent at most. Placing
pump chamber inside the tank can solve the issue of water hammer; fill By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy sizing and thermal conditioning. This will
require high pressure plumbing to
engine, but this problem has beensolved for various pressure fed systems. Already have an account? Sign in
VALVES ANDREGULATORS
The piston less pump valve design nor selection process is as follows. For
check valves, they operate slowly,with predictable changes In pressure, so
valves may be selected based on weight and reliability, and chatter
easilyavoided. The out let check valves need to be sized for low-pressure d
at the out let flow rate, perhaps 2 to 4 psi.(less than 1% of the output pressu You're Reading a Preview
The inlet valves need to be sized for about twice the flow rate of the out Unlock full access with a free trial.
valves, sothat the pump chamber scan fill more quickly than they dispense. Download With Free Trial
pressure drop for the inlet check valves is based onthe tank pressure and
desired in let dynamic pressure. A check valve which is too small and has a h
operating deltamay require an elaborate diffuser to allow the pump chambe fill without entraining residual pressurant gas, so the bestsolution is to valves of excess capacity on the inlet check valves.
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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Figure 4: Cryogenic Pumping (LN2with Helium) at 2 gpm
If the pump is placed inside the tank, the valve se at can be built in to the pu
chamber wall, so the weight penalty for a large valve is low. The check va
need not be bubble tight, as a small check Valve leak will not negativelyim the pump operation. A stain less valve with a brass or Kel-F sealing surface You're Reading a Preview
work with most propellants.A system which uses two check valves in paralle Unlock full access with a free trial.
the main chamber allows the propellant to flow in evenly, so this is prefe
With Free Trial arrangement. The pressurize Download valve s may be sized based on a pressurant f
rate of about twice the average flowrate so that the tank may be pressur
quickly. All of the gas valves shut under a low pressure differential, s
valveactuator may be designed to take advantage of the situation, and use
force of the upstream as to open the valve.The vent valve must be larger t Sign up to vote on this title
the pressurize valve, because in need to have a high rate of low press Usefulflow useful Not
lowdensity gas in order to vent the chamber quickly. The vent valve may
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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back pressure to prevent boiling of the propellant. The back pressure regul
Send me updates from Scribd must have a sufficient capacity to allow for quick venting of the pump cham
The pressurize regulator needs to be able to handle the sudden changes inf Sign Up
rate as the pump cycles, without excess overshoot. During the pumpcham By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms
pressurization process, thePolicy flow will increase and then suddenly reduce of Service and Privacy
chamber reaches the target pressure.The regulator needs to be able to handle Already have an account? Sign in
sudden changes in flow rate. One way to deal with this is to use a regulator w
a much greater flow capacity than is indicated by steady state flow conditi
This will reduce the required poppetmovement and inertia, so that the o
shoot and there by the pressure spikes in the flow output will be minimiz
Also,the demand curve of the pump is very predictable, so the regul
dynamics can be designed to minimize over shoot.For example the poppet m
and spring may be selected so that as the pressure reaches the target value,
You're Reading a Preview spring and poppet are just rebounding towards the valve seat. The dynamic Unlock full access with a free trial. dome loaded pressure regulators are well known.
Download With Free Trial
GAS GENERATOR DESIGN
The piston less pump is a positive displacement system so the pump runs on volume,
instead
dynamic pressure as a turbine does. Therefore, the lightest gas will result in t
whic best performance. The preferred system uses aDewar helium Sign up toof voteliquid on this title
Useful maintained at a pressure of approximately 100 psi. A Not gasuseful powered pis
pump pressurizes the supercritical helium to deliver it to the engine mou
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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in the aft portion of the nozzle, the exact switchover point fromfuel coole
me updates from Scribd heliumSend cooled nozzle will be determined based on heat transfer calculati
There is some concern that thisvehicle will consume too much helium, but e Sign Up
at 12 launches per year it would consume less than 1% of the By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms
helium production9. used during ground test can be reclaimed. of Service andHelium Privacy Policy Already have an account? Sign in
CONTROL SYSTEM
The control system uses information about the chamber levels, pressures flow rate to determine when toactuate the pressurize and vent valves. U more sensors than absolutely necessary allows the system to implem integrated vehicle health monitoring. For example the pump would norm actuate the valves based on the level in thechambers, but if propellant volu rate of change based the level sensors did not agree with the turbine m output, thesystem could verify the flow rate based on the thrust cham pressure and determine which sensors to ignore. It could thenutilize the turb Reading a Preview meter signal, the level sensorYou're signal or just timing to actuate the valves. control system could also beredundant, ora free have Unlock full access with trial. a backup system based timing alone. The control system would also be able to conduct preflight tes the pressurization and vent valves. Slow actuation times could indi Download With valve Free Trial that valves are becoming sticky. Shorter than normal cycle times could indi leaking check valves, or longer than normal fill times could indicate sti inletcheck valves.
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TANK PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM
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A vent valve would be placed in between the pump chamber and the tank so
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Figure 5: Dual Chamber Pump with Insulated Pressurize and Vent Line and Less Tank
HEAT TRANSFER
You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.
The heat transfer from the heated pressurant to the propellant should be lim Withdensity Free Trial in order to maintain consistentDownload propellant at the thrust chamber. The
transfer to the propellant can be minimized by diffusing the pressurantgas a
enters the pump chamber in order to reduce the velocity and turbulence at
liquid to gas interface. In addition,during the initial pressurization process,
gas which is initially in the chamber will be heated by adiabatic compressio Sign up to vote on this title
the propellant is close to its boiling point, it may be subject to heating Useful Not useful
adiabatic compression as well. At the end of the pump cycle, the chamber
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PISTONLESS PUMP
PUMP CALCULATIONS SUMMARIZED Send me updates from Scribd
The pump chamber volume can be sized based on a cycle time of 3seconds. auxiliary chamberSign should Up beabout 2/3 the volume of the main chamber.
wall thickness of the pump chamber can be determined based on the pres By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms Service and Privacy Policy and requiredof safety factor.Composites, aluminum,
stainless steel or titanium
be used depending on propellant compatibility and heatresistance. For Already have an account? Sign in
current case of a 2 MLbF(MN)LOX kerosene system, the LOX flow rat
30,000 gpm (2 m3/sec) sothe main LOX chamber diameter is 8ft (2.2m) w a volume of 1500gallons (5.7m3).
You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.
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Figure 6: Dual Chamber Pump Undergoing Cryogenic Testing
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A 16 inch duct can flow the required amount of Useful LOX with dynamic pres Notauseful of 5 psi. The Cv for the outletcheck valve can be determined, it is about 150
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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throughthe valve is also less than 1%of the static pressure. The required ori
me updates size is Send about 8 inchfrom toScribd flow the required 42kg/sec of helium with a low pres
drop. For the vent valve, the calculation of vent time is more involved. The f Sign Up
through thevent valve is initially sonic, and then becomes subsonic. A stepBy registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms
step calculation of and pressure vs time is required For thiscase, a 20 inch valve of Service Privacy Policy reduce the tank pressure to less than 50 psi in092 seconds. Already have an account? Sign in
Pressure Regulator Design
A dome loaded pressure regulator can be used to supply the pressurant to pump. The regulator design may beguided by the steady state flow and the
to pressurize the pump chamber without excess over shoot. When the pressu
valve first opens, the pressure downstream of the regulator falls quickly
You're Reading a Once Preview the regulator responds by openingabruptly. the space above the propel
access with a free trial. in the pump chamber fills, Unlock thenfullthe regulator needs to switch to a ste
stateflow. If the regulator does not respond toTrial the decrease in flow, pressu Download With Free pikes will be the result. Ideally the volume in thelines leading to the
chamber from the pressurize valve will be small and the pump chamber wil nearly full.
Pressurant Gas Calculation
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The pressurant gas quantity can be determined based on the volume flow rat
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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ow rate needs to be increased by the largevolume in the pump chamber, but updates from Scribd can be Send lessmethan 5%.
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Pump Development Process
By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy As discussed above, the Policy cycle time, sizes
and specifications of all the pu
elements such as valves andregulators can be determined based on the requ Already have an account? Sign in
flow and pressure. One area that will need to be investigated morecarefull
the filling process, to ensure that the liquid fills the entire chamber quickly w
a minimum amount of gasentrainment and surface waves. This process can
optimized using CFD, and it can be tested with a low pressure pumpcham
model, since the dispense process is largely independent of the filling proc
During this process, baffles anddiffusers can be developed and tested to k
the phases separate. Once the fill process has been optimized using al Reading a Preview pressure model chamber, a You're workhorse pump can be assembled and Unlock full access with a free trial.
Pumping fuel is quite easy, because thereare no thermal issues. Download With Free Trial
For cryogenic testing, the pump can be connected to a orifice and tested w
LN2 at first, and then switched over to LOX with no design changes. Integra
with the thrust chamber is straight forward because the pump prov
full pressure at any flow, so there is no need to tune the pump and Sign up to vote on this title
engine together because as far as the thrust chamber isconcerned, it is hoo Useful Not useful upto a pressure fed system. The entire propulsion system can be designed ba
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PISTONLESS PUMP
Pump Design Summary Send me updates from Scribd
The pump for aSign 2 Up million lb LOXRP engine would have the follow characteristics. (LOX pump)
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Pump Component Sizing for LOX Pump for flow rate of 30,000 GPM m3/sec)
Installation
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A proof of concept model of the pump has been constructed out of clear pla
and tested at low pressure. The results of the test are shown below. The pres
and flow are quite steady. The pump system is run with a Lab view ba
computer program. There are two floats which are used to monitor the leve
each pump chamber and each chamber uses a two solenoid valves, one Sign up to vote on this title
pressurize source and on to vent the chamber.
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Rubicon Rocket Project
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Igniter Part 1
Airborne Dry Air Pump and
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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Figure:- Installation of pump The installation figure of the pistonless pump is shown in the above figure.
high pressure cylinder used for pressurizing fuel, is installed at the bottom of You're Reading a Preview
Unlock access with a free trial. above this cylinder fur rocket, shown in green color in full the figure. And
assembly is mounted as shown in the With first Free diagram. Download Trial Thus the figure shows the installation is very easy as compared to that of the turbo pump.
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PISTONLESS PUMP
Safety and Reliability Send me updates from Scribd
This type of pump is not new; in fact it has been used to pump groundwater
of basements for over 100 years, where reliability is critical. The present de Sign Up
operates much more quickly and works in space and in a zero gee environm
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moving parts and wide operatio
tolerances, which allow the pump to work regardless of contamination, leak Already have an account? Sign in
or sensor failures. A complete FMECA analysis has shown that many of
failure modes of the pump involve reduction in performance and no single p failure can cause explosion or fire. If the valves on one of the chambers
there will be a few seconds in which to execute a safe shutdown of the affec engine.
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PISTONLESS PUMP
Advantages
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Increases Safety, Reliability and Performance while reducing cost development time. Sign Up
The pump can be scaled up or down with similar performance
Low risk development; pump technology has been demonstrated
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prototypes have been built and tested.
The manufacturing tolerances need not be tight. Pump and vehicle inexpensive materials and processes in their construction.
The pump is failure tolerant. A small link in one of the check valves
only increase the pressurant consumption of the pump; it will not cau pump failure.
A software can be designed to keep a pump with redundant valves You're Reading a Preview sensors operational, despite failed sensors valves. Unlock full access with a free trial.
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Disadvantages
They cannot pump to higher pressure than drive gas (area ratio is 1:1
They cannot use either a staged combustion or expander cycle.
A gas generator cycle is also difficult to integrate with the piston pump.
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Useful Not useful The generated gas must be chemically compatible with both
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Applications: Sign Up
Deep space propulsion: By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy
NASA has a need for high power propulsion to land and spacecraft on
moons of Jupitor and beyond. this pump would allow these missions to Already have an account? Sign in
forward due to lower weight of the fuel tanks. For example, to land on Eur
with a hydrazine monopropellant rocket, pump fed design would save 80%
the tank weight compared to a pump fed design.Further weight savings could
achieved by heating the pressurant gas more, because the pressurant would be in contact with the propellant for more than a few seconds . In addition
chamber could be increased , saving engine weight and improving performan X Price vehicle fuel pump:
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For X-prize competitors, a the fuel pump will reduce the cost and increase
Downloadmanned With Free vehicles. Trial safety and reliability of their amateur Sitting on top of ton
rocket fuel is dangerous enough, siiting on top if tons of rocket fuel at h
pressure is even more so. Many of the competitors plan to use Hydro
Peroxide(HTP) and jet fuel to power their rockets. When the pump is used
pump HTP, it can decompose some of the fuel in a gas generatorto run Sign up to vote on this title
pump. This saves a considerable amount of weight pressurant and main tank Useful Not useful
In addition , the factor on the low pressure tanks will be similar to the cos
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PISTONLESS PUMP
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CONCLUSIONS Send me updates from Scribd
The piston less pump system provides a pump for a reliable and safe ro Sign Up
propulsion system. This pump, combined with a modestly uprated F-1
By registering a Scribd account, you agree to our Terms chamber, can provide a 2 mlbf engine for the heavy lift needed to mount a M of Service and Privacy Policy
expedition, without an expensive and difficult turbo-pump developm have ando account? in program. Already It can thisSignwhile improving the performance, safety
reliability of the vehicle.
The most significance of property of Pistonless pump that makes th
different from that of turbo pump ,is the absence of piston. This is the m
unique technique. In this ,no. of rotating parts is very less as compared to tha
turbo-pump. Also, it’s installation is very easy. And moreover, it is light we
than turbo pump. So, it has less losses and improves, rather increases efficie
of engine. Also, it is much economical than turbo-pump. The only drawbac You're Reading a Preview
pistonless pump is that, thatUnlock it cannot high pressure fuel and also full access supply with a free trial.
cannot have stage combustionDownload or expander cycle, further, it has no vibrations With Free Trial
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Rubicon Rocket Project
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Airborne Dry Air Pump and
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Sheet Music
REFERENCES Send me updates from Scribd Dual Chamber Rocket Fuel 1. Harrington, S. Pistonless
Pump: Testing and Performance” AIAA 2003 Sign Up
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2. Joint Propulsion Conference, of Service and Privacy Policy Huntsville, AL, 20-23 July 20033. Already have an account? Sign in
3. Harrington, S. Launch Vehicle and Spacecraft System Design Using Pistonless Pump Steve Harrington AIAA2004-6130 AIAA Space 20044.
4. Lucas, Je. “Pump” US patent 2673525 granted March 30, 1954
5. Sobey, Albert J. “Fluid Pressurizing System” US patent 3,213,804 gran Oct 26 1961 .
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