Smart Fabrics
SEMINAR REPORT ON
SMART FABRICS By NIXON PHILIP Roll no.:40 GUIDE Assistant professor: MR.OMPRAKASH YADAV
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
XAVIER INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Mahim Causeway, Mahim Mumbai-400 016
2010-2011
1
Smart Fabrics
XAVIER INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Mahim Causeway, Mahim Mumbai-400 016
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE This is to certify certify that hat th t he semina eminarr en e ntitled ³SMAR T FABRICS´ has been been carr ied out by by Mr. NIXON PHILIP(Roll No. 40) un under my my gui guidance ance in partia rtiall f ulfi ulfillme llmen nt of Third Third Yea Year of Bachelor of of Engineer ineer ing in g in Computer En Engineer in eer ing ing of o f Mumbai Mumb ai Univer niver sit sity dur ing ing th t he academi demic year 2010-201 2010-2011. 1. It is also certifi certified ed that hat this work is not been been pres presented anyw anywhere els else f orwa orward of any any oth other degree or di ploma ploma pr ior to this this..
Gui Guide (
Head of Hea of Depa Departmen rtment )
(
___)
2
Smart Fabrics
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would li like to ack nowledge all th the prof prof essor ssor s at Xavi Xavier er Ins Insttitute of of E Engineer ineer ing, in g, f or or th their con continuou inuouss and and relen relentless tless support. I than thank k my my gui guide Mr.Ompr ak ashY ashYadav f or his or his support, ti timely mely gui guidance, an ce, k nowledge and and all th the valu valuaa ble idrecti rection that hat kept me goin going g and and ins pi pired me to per f form o rm better. I would also like to ta take this opportuni opportunitt y to thank hank all my f r ri ends f or or their cons consttant ant support and and f or sha or shar r ing ing th their exper iences ces, k nowledge and and inf orma ormation with me. I express express my gr atitude,
-NIXON PHILIP
3
Smart Fabrics
PAGE INDEX
TOPIC
PAGE NO. Abs Abstr act
1] 2] 3] 4] 5]
INT INTRODUCT RODUCTION TEXT EXTILE GAIN INT INTELLIGENCE WEARABLE INT INTELIGENCE COMPLEXIT COMPLEXITY VERSUS DURABILIT DURABILITY PROJECT PROJECT EXAMPLES 5.1] 5.2] 5.3]
6]
WEARABLE ANT ANTENNA GEORGIA TECH WEARABLE MOT MOTHERBOARD THERMOELECT HERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERAT GENERATOR
FABRIC COMPUT COMPUTING INT INTERFACES 6.1]
FABRIC COMPUT COMPUTING DEVICES
CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
4
Smart Fabrics
FIGURE INDEX FIGURE 1] 2] 3] 4] 5] 6] 7] 8] 9] 10] 11]
FIG 2. OPTOELECTRONIC OPTOELECTRO NIC FABRICS FIG 3. SMART JACKET FIG 4. SENSORNET FIG 4.1 ELECTRONIC ELECTRONI C BUTTONS FIG 5.2.2.1 SMART SHIRT SENSORY FIG 5.2.2.2 DETAILS OF SMART SHIRT FIG 5.2 .2.3 SMART SHIRT IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATIO N FIG 5.3.1 THERMOGENERATOR THERMOGE NERATOR Fig 6.1 TWO KEYPAD FABRICS FIG 6.2 MUSIC JACKET FIG 6.3 FIREFLY DRESS & MACHINES
PAGE NO. 4 6 7 8 13 14 15 17 21 22 23
5
Smart Fabrics
ABSTRACT:
Based ased on the advance vancess in computer techn tec hnolog ology y, es pecia peciall lly y in the field field of of miniatur iniatur izat ization, wireless reless techn technolog ology y and and worldwi worldwide network ing, ing, th t he visio vision of wea wear a ble computer s emerged. We alrea lready use a lot of of porta porta ble electronic nic devi device cess like cell ph phones, notebook s and and organiz organizer er s. The The next step in mobi mobile computin computing g could be to crea cre ate truly truly wea wear a ble computer s that hat are integr integr ated into into our dai dailly clothin clothing g and and always lways ser ve as our per sonal nal assist assistant. ant. This pa pa per explores explores this f rom rom a texti textile poin pointt of view. view. Whi Whicch new f uncti ctions could texti text iles les have? have? Is Is a combina combinattion of texti textiles les and and electroni electroniccs possi possi ble? Wha Whatt sort of of intell intelliigen gent clothin clothing g can be rea realized? ized? Today oday,, th t he inter inter acti ction of human uman ind individu ividuaals with electroni electronicc devi device cess deman demand ds s pecifi pecificc us er s er sk ills lls. In I n f uture, uture, improv mproved us u ser in er inter ter face facess can largely rgely allevia lleviate te this t his problem and and push push the exploi exploitation of microelectroni croelectroniccs consi consider der a bly bly. In this con context th the con concept of of s mart cloth clot hes promis promisees grea greater us user-f er-f r r iendlin dlineess, ss, user empowermen empowerme nt, and and more effi efficcient ser vice vicess support. Weaar a ble electronic We nics res res pon ponds to the actin cting g ind individu ividuaal in a more or less less invisi ble way. ay. It ser ves ind individu ividuaal needs eeds and and th thus makes kes lif e much muc h easier. asi er. We beli believe tha thatt today today,, th the cos cost lev level of importan mportantt microelectroni croelectronicc f uncti ctions is suffic fficiently tly low and and ena blin bling g key key techn tec hnolog ologiies are mature en enough ough to exploi exploit this this visio vision to th t he ben benefit fit of of ssoci ociety ety.
6
Smart Fabrics
1. INTRODUCTION
SMART FABRICS Electroni Electronicc texti textiles les (e-texti (e-text iles les) are fa br ics that hat have have electroni electroniccs and and interco interconn nnect ectiions wov woven into into them. Compon Components and and interco interconn nnect ectiions are a part of the fa br ic and and thus are much muc h less less visi ble ble and, and, more importan mportantl tly y, not suscepti cepti ble to becomin becoming g tangled angled togeth together or sna or snagged gged by by the surroun urrounding ings.
Cons Conseque equen ntly tly, e-texti e-textiles les can be wor n in ever yday situ situaations where curren currently tly avail availa ble wear a ble computer s would hinder hinder th t he user. E-texti E-text iles les also have have grea greater f lexi lexi bi bility in ada ptin pting g to chan change gess in the computa computational nal and and sensing nsing requi requiremen rements of an a ppli pplication.
The The number and and loca location of sensor nsor and and processin processing g elemen elements can be dynam ynamically lly tailored ailored to th the curren current needs eeds of the us u ser an er and d a ppli pplication, r ather than t han bein being g fixed fixed at desi desig gn time.
7
Smart Fabrics
2. TEXTILE GAIN INTELLIGENCE I NTELLIGENCE
Advan Advance cess in texti textile techn technolog ology y, computer en engineer ineer ing, ing, and and mater ial ials science are promotin promoting g a new breed of of f uncti ctional nal fa br ics. Fashi Fashio on desi desig gner s are addin dding g wi wires res, ci c ircui rcuits, and and opti opt ical fi ber ber s to tr aditional nal texti textiles les, crea creating ing garmen rme nts that hat glow in the dark or keep the wea wearer wa warm. Mean Meanw while, hile, electroni electroniccs engineer ineer s are s ewin ewing g con conducti ductive threa reads and an d sensor nsor s into into body body suits that hat ma p user s¶ s¶ wherea erea bouts bout s and and res res pon pond to envi enviro ron nmen mental stimuli muli. Res Res earch rc her s agree tha t hatt the dev developmen elopme nt of gen genuinel inely y inter inter activ ctivee electroni electronicc texti textiles les is techni techniccally lly possi possi ble, ble, and and tha t hatt challe hallen nges ges in scaling ing up th t he handm handmaa de ga g armen rme nts will ev eventua tually lly be ov overcome. Now th t hey mus must determin determinee how bes best to us use th the techn technolog ology y. The The term µs µs mart dress dresser er ¶ could soon oon acqui cquire a new meanin meaning. g. An unlikely kely allian lliance ce between between texti textile manu anufacturer facturer s, mater ial ials scientist ists, and and computer en e ngineer ineer s has res resulted truly clev clever clothin clot hing. g. From self elf -illumina lluminatting in some truly ing handb handbaa g inter inter ior s to a gym k it that hat moni monitor tor s workout inte intensi nsitty, th t he prototy prototy pes pes jus just keep comin coming. g. But res research rc her s have have yet to answer ans wer th the mi milli llion-dolla -dollar ques question, per ha ha ps ps cr itical to cons consumer umer aacceptan cceptance; ce; wi will th t hey go in the wash wash?? . Desi Desig gner s have have been been qui quick to jump on on boa board t he hig high-tech -tech fa br ic bandw andwaagon gon, adoptin dopting g electroni electronicc dis play play techn technolog ologiies to crea create color f f ul, ul, novelty elty clothin clothing g items tems. For exa example, the Ita Italian-m ian-maade fa br ic Lumin Luminex®, ex®, whi whicch con contains colore li light emi emittin tting g diodes odes (LEDs (LEDs), has been been used to ma make a glow-in glow-in-t -th he dark br idal gown gown, s pa parkly rkl y cocktai cocktaill dress dressees, and and cos costumes tumes f or or oper a singer singer s. Lumin Luminex ex is made by bind inding ing LED fi ber ber s into into the ends of ordina ordinar r y fa br ic, whi whicch then f orm orm th t he s ea ms of t f tailor ailor ma made clothin clot hing. g. Fr ance ance Telecom has gon gone one step f urth urther, dev developin eloping g a f lexi lexi ble, batter y powered opti optical fi ber ber screen creen that hat can be wov woven into into clothin clot hing. g. Each plas plasttic fi ber-opti ber-optic threa read is illumina lluminated ted by by tiny LEDs LEDs that hat are fixed fixed alon long th t he edge of of the dis d is play play panel anel and and con controlled by by a microchi croc hi p. p. The The th threa reads are s et up so tha thatt certain certain porti port ions are lit wh w hen the LEDs LEDs are switch tched on, while hile oth other secti ections remain remain dark. The These light and and dark patch tches esse ssentiall ially y act as pixels xels f or or th the dis dis play play screen creen. A prototy protot y pe ver sio sion integr integr ated into into a jacket dis play played ed crude but rea reada ble symbol symbolss. More sophis ophistticated ver sio sions may support advertisin ertising g slogans logans,, saf ety ety noti otices ces, or si or simpl mply y a r ange ange of o f diff eren erent geometr ic patter ns ns can be switch tched on on and and off off . The The marr iage iage of wov woven fa br ic with electroni electroniccs is find finding ing favor favor in the world of of inter inter ior desi desig gn as well. The The novel fa br ic con contains interwo interwov ven stainle ainless ss steel yar yar ns, ns, painted ainted wi with
8
Smart Fabrics
thermoch ermochromi romic ink ink s, whi w hicch are conn connected ected to dr ive ive electroni electroniccs. The The f lexi lexi ble ble wa wall hang hanging ings can then be progr a mmed to chan c hange ge color in res res pons ponsee to heat f rom rom th t he con conductin duct ing g wires re s (Fi (Fig. 1).
Fig 2. Optoelectronic fabrics
9
Smart Fabrics
3.WEARABLE-INT 3.WEARABLE-IN TELLIGENCE Self Self -heating glow-in-t -th e-dark s rk s wea weatshirt correctly be la l a beled as µs mart¶ rt¶, but ing hat hats and and glow-in he-da shirtss might correctly how a bout a shirt shirt that hat µk nows¶ ows¶ wheth ether you are f ree ree to ta take a cell ph phone call or retr ieve inf orma ormation f rom rom a 1000 pa page saf ety ety manu an ual dis play played ed on your inside inside pocket? Such Such items tems, termed µin µintell telliigen gent¶ clothin clot hing g to dis disttingu inguish ish them f rom rom th t heir lowertech lowertec h cousins cousins,, have have prov proved more diffi difficult cult to pa patch tc h unobtrusiv obtrusivel ely y into into ever yday a ppa pparel. In Indeed, th t he fir fir st prototy protot y pe µwea µwear a ble computer s¶ s¶ of the ea early rly 1990s 1990s requi required us us er s to str a p on on a head-moun d-mounted visor visor an and d carr y heavy batter y pack s in their pockets pockets, lea leading ing some to ques question the a ppropr ia ppropr iate ten ness of the term µwea µwear a ble¶ ble¶.
Batter ies are now s maller and and li l ighter, and and s ensor nsor s far far le l ess cumber some. But res research rc her s are goin going g to have have to integr integr ate electroni electronicc compon components into into the fa br ic its elf elf , if this techn technolog ology y is goin going g to f ulfi ulfill ll its poten potential. ial.
Sewin Sewing g in electr ical network ing ing ca c a pa pa bi bility is jus just th t he fir fir st stage th though ough. Gen Ge nuinel inely y intell intelliigen gent clothin clothing g would be wov woven f rom rom a s electi election of t f threa read-li d-like electroni electronicc sensor nsor s and and ba batter y fi ber ber s, as well as f lexi lexi ble, ble, con conductiv duct ivee fi ber ber s. Ga G armen rments would th t hen be a ble to f uncti ction as stand andalon lone computer s, provi provid ding ing wea wearer s with inf orma ormation a bout their enviro nviron nmen ment. For exa exa mple, a con context-a text-aware shirt shirt f or or the blin blind d might be wov woven with tiny vi br br ating ing motor s to provi provide de war ning nings a bout a pproa pproaching hing objects object s, while hile worker s in the chemi emical indu indusstr y could wea wear over alls lls ca pa pa ble of of detect detectin ing g a nearby rby s pi pilla llage.
The The cos cost of dev developin eloping g and and manu anufactur factur ing ing such uch sophis ophistticated ted fa br ics is likely kely to put th t hem bey beyond th t he rea reach of the fashio fashion indu indusstr y f or or th the ti time bein being. g. The The main main a ppli pplications are goin going g to be medi medical, militar y, and and indu indusstr ial. ial.Th Tho ose are the only pla places ces that hat are goin going g to be a ble to bea bear the addi dditional nal cos cost of the clothin clothing, g, at leas leastt at the outs out set. An And they are also the k ind ind of pla places ces that hat have have some compellin compelling g a ppli pplications where it is difficult ifficult to us use dis discrete crete compon components str a pped on onto th the body body.´
10
Smart Fabrics
Fig.3LucyDunnemodels the smart jacket she designed in an undergraduate project.
11
Smart Fabrics
4.COMPLEXIT 4.COMPLEXI TY VERSUS DURABILIT DURABILITY The The simul si mulaation enviro nviron nmen ment is alrea lrea dy bein being g us u sed to model a garmen rment tha t hatt can sense nse its own own sha pe. Prof Pro f essio ssional nal golf golf er er s and and tennis tennis play player er s could also us use th the shirt shirt to per f f ect ect th their s r swing ing or ser ve. The The finished finished item is likely kely to be fa br icated f rom rom cloth cloth con containing aining piezoelectr ic film film fi ber ber s that hat produce a volta oltage in res res pons ponsee to a f orce orce and and vice vice ver sa. sa. ³Th ³ Thee film film str i ps ps allow us us to detect mov movemen ement of o f tthe li limbs mbs so tha thatt we can can find find th their posi posittion. Tea m member s are also work ing ing to crea create a wea wea r a ble ver sio sion of a giant iant texti textile µs ensor nsor net¶ et¶ desi desig gned to detect noise. is e. The The fa br ic, dev developed wi with support f rom rom th t he US mi militar y, is fitted fitted with an acous coustic bea bea mf ormer ormer ca ca pa pa ble of pick ing ing up and and pin poin pointting ing the loca location of an a pproa pproaching hing vehicle. hicle. Electr ical conn connect ectiions are made by weavin weaving g wires res into into the heavy-dut avy-duty y cloth cloth, and and discrete iscrete mi microph crophones are atta ttached at suita ble poin pointts (Fi (Fig. 3) th t hough ough thes e could also be repla repl aced by by piezoelectr ic film film sensor nsor s in the f uture. uture.
Fig4.The cloth sensornet developed at Virginia Tech could help military personnel detect and locate approaching enemy vehicles
The The res res earch rcher s are using sing stand andard meta metal sna p faste fasten ner s (press (press studs tuds) to ma make electr ical conn connect ectiions between between µe-buttons¶ µe-buttons¶ and and con conductiv duct ivee fi ber ber s. The The e-buttons e-buttons,, esse ssentiall ially y s mall PC boa boards rds, con contain the garmen rme nt¶s core electroni electroniccs. One part of the faste fasten ner is atta ttached to th t he button button, and and the oth other to th t he item of of clothin clothing g (Fi (Fig. 4). Buttons Buttons can then be fixed fixed on on when requi required, swa pped wi with diff eren erent e-buttons e-buttons if alter nat native ive f uncti ctional nality is requi required or remov removed entirely rely when the ga garmen rment is washed. ashed. 12
Smart Fabrics
Fig. 4.1 Use of established mass-manufacturing techniques may help keep th e cost of intelligent clothing down. Electronic µbuttons¶ are fitted with metal snap fasteners that garment makers are already familiar with. (Credit: David Lehn.)
13
Smart Fabrics
5. PROJECT EXAMPLE 5.1 WEARABLE ANTENNAS
In this progr a m f or or the US Army Army, Fos Foster-Mi ter-Miller integr integr ated da data and and communi communiccations ante antennas nnas into into a soldi oldier unif orm, orm, main mainttaining aining f ull ull ante antenna nna per f f orman ormance, ce, togeth together with the same sa me ergon ergonomi omic f uncti ctional nality and an d wei weight of an exis existting ing unif orm. orm. We determin determined ed that hat a loop-ty loop-t y pe ante antenna nna would be th t he bes best choice f or or clothin clot hing g integr integr ation without inter inter f f er er ing ing in or losin losing g f uncti ction dur ing ing
oper ations, ns,
and and
then
chose
suita ble bod y
pla placemen cement f or an or ante tennas nnas..
With Fos Foster-Mi ter-Miller's ller's extensiv extensivee exper ience in electrotexti textile fa br ication, we bui built embedded ante antenna nna prototy prototy pes pes and and evalu valuaated loop ante antenna nna desi desig gns. ns. The The progr a m esta blish blished ed f easi bi bility of the con concept and and rev re vealed s pecifi pecificc loop ante antenna nna desi desig gn tr adeoffs deoffs necessa ecessar r y f or fi or field eld implemen mplementation.
This progr a m
aimed ai med at dev developin eloping g soldi oldier ensemble nsemble of of the f uture, uture, whi whicch will moni monitor tor
ind individu ividuaal health lth, tr ansm ans mit and and receiv receivee missi missio on-cr itical inf orma ormation, protect against ains t numerous umerous wea wea pons pons,, all whi while le bein being g robus robust and and comf comf orta orta ble.
14
S
¡
¢
t
£
¡
¤
¢
i
¥
¦
5.2 Georgi Georgi Tech Wearabl Wearable Motherboard
Georgi Georgi Tech devel developed a "Wearabl "Wearable Motherboard" (GTWM (GTWM
whi which was
i itially i t ended for use in combat combat condi conditions. The Sensat Sensa te Li L iner for C for Combat ombat Casualty asualty Care uses opt op tical cal f i bers bers to det detect ect bull bulleet wounds and speci spec ial sensors that hat int erconnect erconnects in order to moni monitor vi vital signs dur ing combat comba t condi conditions. Medi edical cal sensi sens ing devi devices that hat are att attached ached to the body body plug into the comput computer i ed shi shir t creat creating a f lexi exi bl ble mot motherboard. The GTWM GTWM is woven so that hat plast astic opt optical cal f i bers and other speci special threads are integrat egrated into struct ructure of the fabr ic. There are no di d iscont scontinui nuities in the GTWM GTWM. The GTWM GTWM is one pi p iece of fabr ic, wi without hout seams. Because the sensors are det de tachabl achable from the GTWM GTWM, they hey can be pl p laced at at any an y locat ocation, and is therefore ad jus justtabl ab le for di different fferent bodi bodies. Fur thermore, the ty pes of sensors used can be var ied dependi depending on the wearer's needs. Therefore, it can be cust customi omi ed for each user. For exampl examp le, a f iref ight ghter coul could have a sensor that hat moni monitors oxy ox ygen or hazardous gas level evels. Ot O ther sensors moni mon itor respi respirat ration rat rate and body bod y temperat emperature or can coll collec ectt voi voice dat data through a mi microphone. GTWM GTWM ident dentif ies the exact exact locat ocation of t of the phy physical cal probl problem or i or in jur jur y and transmi ransmits the informat nformation in seconds. Thi This hel hel ps ps to det determi ermine who needs immedi mmediate atten ttenttion wi within the f irst rst hour of combat comba t, whi which is of ten the most most cr itical cal dur ing battl battlee
15
Smart Fabrics
5.2.1 The Value Added by GTWM
The The GT G TWM is a brea breakth kthrough rough techn tec hnolog ology y beca because it is the fir fir st unobtrusiv obtrusivee and and noninvasive ninvasive way of moni monitor tor ing ing vit vital statist istics. Furth Furt hermore, th t he GTWM is wor n comf comf orta orta bly bly under neath clothin clothing, g, like an under shirt, shirt, and and can be sized siz ed to fit a var var iety ety of people. There Theref f ore, ore, it is f lexi lexi ble ble and and cus customiza tomiza ble to th t he wea wearer. An Anoth other in er intere teressting ing f eature of of the GT GTWM is that hat it is washa ble. The The GT GTWM could be classifi cl assified ed as a wea wear a ble computin computing g devi device. ce. On Once th t he wea wearer has plugged th t he sensor nsor s into into the GTWM, he or sh or shee proceeds proceeds as if wea wear ing ing any oth other item of of clothin clothing. g. It is inte inten nded to be as unobtrusiv obtrusivee as possi possi ble, ble, and and no di direct mani mani pula pulation of the devi device ce is requi required on once the init ot her wea wear a ble initial ial setup is completed. It is unlike oth computer s in that hat it is nearly rly invisi ble ble since since it is wor n under neath norma ormal clothin clothing. g.
5.2.2 Availability and Success of GTWM
The The GTWM is curren currently tly bein being g manu anufactured factured f or or commercia commerciall us e under th t he name na me "Sma Smart Shirt hirt"". Se Sensa nsatex/L tex/Lif if elin elink k is is manu anufactur factur ing ing th t he "Sma Smart Shi S hirt rt"", whi w hicch should should be avail availa ble ea early rly next year. The The company company plans plans to dev develop rela relationshi ps ps with fire firefi fig ghter groups groups, doctor s and and oth other s in order to crea create "wea wear a ble moth mot herboa erboards rds," that hat meet th their diff diff eren erent needs eeds The The commercia commerciall a ppli pplications f or or th the "Sma Smart Shi S hirt rt"" are: (See Fi Figure 4)
y
Medi Medical Moni Monitor tor ing ing o
Dise isease ase Moni Monitor tor ing ing
o
Infant nfant Moni Monitor tor ing ing
o
Obs Obstetr ics Moni Monitor tor ing ing
y
Clini Cliniccal Tr ial ials Moni Monitor tor ing ing
y
Ath Athleti letics
y
Biof eedba eedback
16
Smart Fabrics
Figure 5.2.2.1: Scenarios Scenarios of Use for the "Smart shirt´.
Fig5.2.2.2 :details of smart shirt
17
Smart Fabrics
5.2.3 Limitations and Issues of the "Smart Shirt
Some of of the wi wireless reless techn technolog ology y needed to support th t he moni monitor tor ing ing ca c a pa pa bi bilities of the "Sma Smart Shirt hirt"" is not completely completel y relia relia ble. The The "Sma Smart Shi S hirt rt"" system system us uses Bluetooth Bluetoot h and and WLAN. Both Bot h of thes e techn technolog ologiies are in their f orma ormative ive stages ges and and it will take some ti t ime bef bef ore ore th t hey become depen dependa ble and wides des prea pread. (See Fi Figure 7) and wi
Figure 5.2.3.1: "Smart Shirt" Platform Implement ation
18
Smart Fabrics
Addi Additionall nally y, the techn technolog ology y seems eems to hold th t he grea greates test promis promisee f or or medi medical moni monitor tor ing. ing. Howev However, th t he "Sma Smart Shirt hirt"" at this stage of dev developmen elopment only detects detects and and alerts lerts medi medical prof prof essio ssi onal nals of irregula rregular ities in patients' vit vital statist istics or emergen emergency situ situaations. ns. It does does not yet res res pon pond to dan dangerou gerouss health lth con conditions. ns. There Theref f ore, ore, it wi will not be helpf elpf ul ul to pa patients if t if they do face face compli complications af ter ter surger y and and they are far far away f rom rom medi medical care, since since the techn technolog ology y cannot annot yet fix fix or a or address ddress these problems problems indepe indepen nden dently tly, wi without th t he pres pres ence of o f aa physi physiccian. ian. Future res research rch in this area rea of re f ress ponsiv ponsiveeness is ongoin going. g.
As is the cas casee f or any or any moni monitor tor ing ing system, system, th the pr ivac ivacy of the wea wearer could be compromis comprom ised. ed. For exa exa mple, a GTWM that outfitted tted wi with a microph crophone or GPS may may compromis compromisee the hat is outfi wea wearer's rer's pr ivac ivacy. Addi Additionall nally y, th t he da data that hat is tr ansf ansf erred erred by by the "Sma Smart Shi S hirt rt"" could be us used f or or purpos purpos es oth other than than the inte inten nded, and and could be viewed viewed by by unaut nauth hor ized ized people. Da Data bas basees a bout ind individu ivi duaals could also be lin linked ked to provi provide de more inf orma ormation than is necessa ecessar r y f or or this t his a ppli pplication. All of of tthese possi possi bi bilities could compromis compromisee th the pr ivac ivacy of t f the ind individu ividuaal.
In the cas c asee of telemedi telemedicine ine and and th t he af oremen orementioned scena cenar r io of us e wi with patients recov recover ing ing f rom rom surger y, there is also the possi possi bi bility that hat patients may be releas released ed f rom rom hos pi pitals prema prematurely turel y beca because doctor s may depen depend on on this techn technolog ology y to moni monitor tor th t hem.
19
Smart Fabrics
5.3 Thermoelectric Power Generator Microma cromachined hined CMOS-compa CMOS-compati ble th thermoelectr ic gen gener ator s have have been been rea realized, ized, as show shown n in Fig. 2. The They produce an electr ical output power of o f 1.0 W per cm² un under loa load and and achie hieve an open open circui rcuit volta oltage of 10 volts olts per cm² f or or a temper ature drop of of 5 K a K across cross the devi device. ce.
The These value valuess are compa compar a ble wi wit h expensiv expensivee gen gener ator s
thermoelectr ic ma de
of hig high-en -end
compoun compou nd s emi emicon conductor s. The The power deliv delivered ered is suita ble f or a or a ppli pplication in wr istw istwaatch tches.
The The thermoelectr ic gen gener ator s have have been been implemen mpleme nted di directly rectly into into the fa br ic of cloth clothes. For couplin coupling g to th t he outsi outside de world s mall copper pla pl ates tes are pla placed both both at the wa w arm and and cold ends uti utilizing izing the hig high therma ermal con conductivi duct ivitty of this meta metal. Excellen Excellent therma ermal con contact both bot h to the sk in in and and to th t he a mbi mbient air air is is achie hieved.
20
Smart Fabrics
6.FABRIC COMPUTING INTERFACES FABRIC COMPUTING DEVICES
Desi Desig gning ning with unusual mater ial ials can crea create new us u s er a er atti ttitudes tudes towa towards rds computin comput ing g devi de vice cess. Fa br ic has many physic hysical properti propert ies that hat make it an unexpected physi physiccal, inter inter face face f or or techn technolog ology y. It f eels eels sof t to th t he touch touc h, and and is made to be wor n against ainst the body body in the mos most int intimate of of ways. ays.
Mater iall ially y, it is both both stron trong and and f lexi lexi ble, ble, allowin llowing g it to crea create mallea llea ble and and dur a ble sensing nsing devi device cess. Cons Construct tructin ing g computer s and and computa computational nal devi device cess f rom rom fa br ic also sugges uggests new f orms orms f or or exis existting ing computer per i ph pher als, li like key key boa boards rds, and and new ty ty pes pes of computin computing g devi device cess, like ja jackets ckets and and hat hats.
EXAMPLES:
6.1 Two Fabric Keypads
Our fa Our fa br ic key key pa pa ds off er fa er farr grea greater physi physiccal f lexi lexi bi bility and and sof tness than exis existting ing f lexi lexi ble ble key key boa boards rds. Un U nlike fa br ic sensing nsing of of tthe pas past, t, th thes e key key boa boards rds off er er th the precisi precisio on and and repea repeata bi bility necessa ecessar r y to crea create relia relia ble sensing nsing devi device cess. The These key key pa pads can be us ed to inter inter face face wi with Fig. 2 Qui Quilted Fa Fa br ic Key Key pa pa d, Fla Flat, Folded and and Rolled ev e ver ything hing f rom rom a des desktop computer, to a pager an ger and d an inter inter activ ctivee dress dress..
Figure 6.1
21
Smart Fabrics
6.2 Musical Jacket
The The Musi Musiccal Ja Jacket incorpor incorpor ates tes an embroi embroidered fa br ic key key pa pad, a sewn ewn con conductin ducting g fa br ic bus bus, a batter y pack, a pai pairr of of commerc commercia iall s pea pea ker s and and a miniature iniature MIDI synt synthesizer. siz er. Wh When the fa br ic key key pa pad is touch touched, it communi communiccates tes through rough the fa br ic bus bus to th the MIDI synt synthesizer, siz er, whi whicch gen gener ates tes notes otes. The The synt synthesizer siz er ssends audi udio to th t he s pea peaker s over th the fa br ic bus bus as well. Power f Power f rom rom th the ba batter ies is also dis distr tr i buted buted over th the fa br ic bus bus. The The embroi embroidered key key pa pad and and fa br ic bus bus allow th the eli eliminat ination of mos most of of tthe wi wires res, conn connector ector s and and plas plasttic inset insetss that hat would ma make th the ja jacket stiff , heavy and and un uncomf comf orta orta ble.
6.3 Firefly Dress and Necklace
The The Fi Firef ref ly dress dress and and neckla ecklace us us es con conductiv duct ivee fa br ic to dis distr tr i bute bute power through roughout th t he dress dress.. As As the wea wearer mov moves, LED¶s LED¶s (small li lights) to whi whicch we atta ttached f uzzy con conductiv duct ivee p ads (th (the electr ical con contacts cts), brush brush lightly tly against ainst the fa br ic power an power and d groun grou nd lay layer er s, crea creating ing a dynam ynamic li lighting ing eff ect. ect. The The neckla ecklace, (havin (having g no power s power supply upply of i f its own own), crea creates tes dynam ynamic li light eff eff ects ects when its con conductin ducting g bea beads and and tassel asselss brush brush against ainst th the sur face face of of tthe dress dress.. The Thes e ³opportunis ³opportunisttic´ conn connect ectiions allow power to be dis d istr tr i buted buted without hard hard and and fast fast conn connector ector s and and wi wires res. The The dress dressees desi desig gn is reminis reminisce cen nt of of tthe 1920¶s 1920¶s and and sugges uggests a lev level of of det detai aill and and roman romance ce r arely rely assoc associa iated ted wi with techn technolog ology y.
22
Smart Fabrics
CONCLUSION
What hat s mart fa br ics cannot annot is not as importan mportantt as what hat it can. an. This intell intelliigen gent texti textiles les have have managed ana ged to per vade vade into into those pla places ces where you leas leastt expect to find find them. That That is the rea real charm harm of k nowin owing g them. It can can engen gender a myr iad iad of wild imaginat inations whic hich are n ot impossi mpossi ble. ble.
R ight f rom rom th the techni techniccally lly ver sat satile battlefi ttlefield eldss of the f uture uture to th t he ver y core of of wea wear a ble, per vasive, vasive, ubi ubiqui quitous tous computin computing g techn technolog ologiies that hat have have vowed to ma make computin comput ing g an activi ctivitt y so ti tightly tly boun bound wi with the norma ormal lif lif e, e, wi will th the s mart fa br ics make th their pres presence f elt. elt. On One may may not be a ble to f or or f f eit th the joy joy of be f bein ing g in a s mart-wea rt-wear.
It wi w ill get hold of of your r hyt hythm li like a lov lover. It wi will enlighten ten your ways ways like a men mentor. It wi will care f or y or you like a moth mother. It wi will be ca cauti utious ous like a f r r iend. The The s mart-wea rt-wear s will defini definitel tely y ma ke you f eel eel in good company company,, how alon lone you may may be.
One day we may may correct Sen Seneca eca of his saying saying ³As ³A s of ten te n I have have been been with men men, I have have come ba back less less a man´, an´, and and sugges uggest tha t hatt ³A ³ As of ten ten I have have been been in a s mart-wea rt-wear, I have have come ba back wiser iser aa man´. an ´.
One day day will our s our s ense nses become super f f luous luous?
23
Smart Fabrics
BIBLIOGRAPHY
extiles les gain intell gence´, Pa Paula ula Gould, Ma Mater ial oday,, October 2003 [1] Texti intelliigen ials Today [2] ³Sma ³Smart fa br ic or µWea µWear a ble computin computing g¶´ , E Reh Rehmi Pos Post, Ma Marga rgaret Roth Rot h, MIT MIT Media Media
La bor ator y ³E-text iles les, th the ulti ultimate in Flexi Flexi ble ble computin computing´, g´, Vi Virginia rginia Tech ech Br adley dley Depa Departmen rtment of of [3] ³E-texti Electr ical & Computer En E ngineer ineer ing, ing, Ann Annu ual report 2003. [4] ³In ³Inter activ ctivee electroni electronicc texti textile dev developmen elopment ³ a revi review ew by Dina Meoli Meoli and and Trci rci May
Plumlee, North Nort h Carolina rolina Sta State Univ Univer er sit sity. ³Wear a ble computin computing g la la b´, ET ETH Zur ich [5] ³Wea [6] REFERENCE TAKEN FROM:
ttp://www.ssensa nsatex.com tex.com [7] http://www. ttp://www.aa bc bcn new ewss.go.com/ .go.com/ssect ectiions ns/l /livin iving/D g/Dai ailly New Newss/bod /bodys yseens nsor000919. or000919.h html [8] http://www. [9] http://www.tdctr ade.com/ de.com/iimn/imn177/g 177/gaaller y.htm http://www.we ttp://www.weaarc rcaa m.org/per sona naltec ltechn hnolog ologiies/in index. dex.h html [10] [11] http://www. ttp://www.h healt lths hsur ur fing.com/ fing.com/h healt lth h/1999/11/09/ 12] h ttp://www.inf ttp://www. inf o s ec.jmu.edu/computerethi ec.jmu.edu/computeret hiccs/iss issue uess.htm [ [13] http://www.infin ttp://www.infineo eon n.com [14] http://www.in ttp://www.inter ter nat national nal fashio fashi onmachine hines.com [15] http://www.p ttp://www.phi hilli ps psde desi sig gn.com http://www. ttp://www.ssof tswitc tch h.com [16] [17] http://www. ttp://www.ssensa nsatex.com tex.com http://www.avan ttp://www.avantex.com tex.com [18]
24