THE UNIVERSITY OF DA NANG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH ***** & *****
Prepared by The Interpreting Section
Danang 2018 1
INTRODUCTION A.Translation A.Translation versus Interpreting Interpreting - Product of the transfer: Interpreting means “to transfer orally a text from one language to anot anothe her” r” the product of interpreting appears in spoken form. Whereas, in translation or translating, the product of this transfer appears in written form. - ength of the text: !he interpreter normally produces a text in the ! which is shorter than the text in the ". In contrast, the #inal product comes out in$aria%ly longer than the original in translation. - &ccess to reference %ooks: the translator always has easy access to %ilingual and monolingual dictionaries, thesauri, encyclopedia and the like. !his ne$er happens for the interpreter. &n interpreter who consults a dictionary is, at times, looked at with suspicion.
B. The interpreter’s role an !ualities The interpreter’s role: - !he main purpose of interpreting is communication, which means transmitting thoughts from one person to another. In this way, the interpreter can eliminate language %arrier that separates people, thus functioning as an instrument of understanding %etween them. - In $arious interpreting modes, the interpreter is seen as instruments of mutual understanding %etween nations 'consecuti$e and simultaneous interpreting at international conferences, high le$el meetings(, facilitates the relationship %etween citi)ens in a community of different ethnic extr extrac acti tion on 'com 'commu muni nity ty inte interp rpre reti ting ng,, liai liaison son inte interp rpre reti ting ng(, (, and and assi assist stss in prom promot otin ingg the the de$elopment of an indi$idual, a company or a corporation 'con$ersation, inter$iew interpreting(, etc. The interpreter’s qualities: - pro#icient pro#icient in two or more languages languages with special attri%utes attri%utes as resistance, resistance, promptness promptness of speech and mind, and with se$eral s e$eral intellectual gifts as good memory, memory, power of concentration - high moral standards and a sense s ense of responsi%ility 'impartiality, 'impartiality, con#identiality( - a%ility to recogni)e the su%*ect matter 'wide knowledge of history, history, geography, geography, economics, politics, medical sciences, law, law, en$ironment, and other su%*ects of special interest( - good $oice - a%il a%ilit ityy to work work unde underr pres pressu sure re 'lon 'longg hour hourss of work workin ing, g, tend tendenc encyy of losi losing ng con# con#id idenc ence, e, concentration or %eing distracted(
C. "oes o# interpreting interpreting 1.Consecutive interpreting:
-the most exhausti$e form of interpreting+ - consisting of listening to a speech in one language and translating or summari)ing it orally into another+ - the time lapse %etween the speech and the interpretation $aries. 1.1. Sentence-by-se S entence-by-sentence ntence interpreting: - known as dialogue interpreting 2
INTRODUCTION A.Translation A.Translation versus Interpreting Interpreting - Product of the transfer: Interpreting means “to transfer orally a text from one language to anot anothe her” r” the product of interpreting appears in spoken form. Whereas, in translation or translating, the product of this transfer appears in written form. - ength of the text: !he interpreter normally produces a text in the ! which is shorter than the text in the ". In contrast, the #inal product comes out in$aria%ly longer than the original in translation. - &ccess to reference %ooks: the translator always has easy access to %ilingual and monolingual dictionaries, thesauri, encyclopedia and the like. !his ne$er happens for the interpreter. &n interpreter who consults a dictionary is, at times, looked at with suspicion.
B. The interpreter’s role an !ualities The interpreter’s role: - !he main purpose of interpreting is communication, which means transmitting thoughts from one person to another. In this way, the interpreter can eliminate language %arrier that separates people, thus functioning as an instrument of understanding %etween them. - In $arious interpreting modes, the interpreter is seen as instruments of mutual understanding %etween nations 'consecuti$e and simultaneous interpreting at international conferences, high le$el meetings(, facilitates the relationship %etween citi)ens in a community of different ethnic extr extrac acti tion on 'com 'commu muni nity ty inte interp rpre reti ting ng,, liai liaison son inte interp rpre reti ting ng(, (, and and assi assist stss in prom promot otin ingg the the de$elopment of an indi$idual, a company or a corporation 'con$ersation, inter$iew interpreting(, etc. The interpreter’s qualities: - pro#icient pro#icient in two or more languages languages with special attri%utes attri%utes as resistance, resistance, promptness promptness of speech and mind, and with se$eral s e$eral intellectual gifts as good memory, memory, power of concentration - high moral standards and a sense s ense of responsi%ility 'impartiality, 'impartiality, con#identiality( - a%ility to recogni)e the su%*ect matter 'wide knowledge of history, history, geography, geography, economics, politics, medical sciences, law, law, en$ironment, and other su%*ects of special interest( - good $oice - a%il a%ilit ityy to work work unde underr pres pressu sure re 'lon 'longg hour hourss of work workin ing, g, tend tendenc encyy of losi losing ng con# con#id idenc ence, e, concentration or %eing distracted(
C. "oes o# interpreting interpreting 1.Consecutive interpreting:
-the most exhausti$e form of interpreting+ - consisting of listening to a speech in one language and translating or summari)ing it orally into another+ - the time lapse %etween the speech and the interpretation $aries. 1.1. Sentence-by-se S entence-by-sentence ntence interpreting: - known as dialogue interpreting 2
- commonly used at courts, commissions, at conferences, inter$iews and other triangular situation” - reuiring good memory training 1.2. Summarizing the whole speech: - may last one, two, #i$e, ten up to half an hour interpreting - reuiring excellent memory and note-taking skills, o%taina%le %y training and exercise 2. Sight Sigh t translati trans lation on: - reading aloud in one language of a text in another language - time lapse %etween mental reading and its rendition approaches simultaneous techniue - the interpreter holds control of the " - used when a document emerges during an interpreting session 'a letter or a telegram produced in e$idence in court, the translation of a contract or other documents which concludes a meeting with a solicitor or a %ank manager, manager, etc.( 3. Simultaneous interpreting : - used for large meetings, conferences and con$entions - interpreting the speech while listening - reuir reuiring ing specia speciali) li)ed ed traini training ng and euipm euipment ents: s: sound-p sound-proo rooff %ooths %ooths,, headph headphones ones,, earphones, microphones, ampli#iers, sound engineers to monitor and super$ise the lot( 4. Whispered interpreting : - rendering the interpretation for one speaker only while sitting next to them - usually practised in court
D. Anal$sis o# interpreting pro%ess !he work of an interpreter interpreter follows a logical seuence consisting of three main phases:
UND&R'TANDIN( UND&R'TANDIN( 'of the SL
CON)&R'ION !of the SL te"t te"t into TL te"t te"t
D&*I)&R+ !of the TL te"t te"t
Understanding :
omprehension of the " text is extremely important to ensure good interpretation. In the #irst step, the interpreter must: - ha$e good hearing - ha$e thorough knowledge of the " 'with all possi%le $ariances such as regional dialects, local accents, socially related peculiarities( - know the culture of the country of the speaker - know the su%*ect matter of the speech or discussion, o%tained through research or preparation %efore the interpreting session or through years of dedicated study Conversion:
/or a good con$ersion of the " message into the !, the interpreter must: - ha$e thorough knowledge of the ! and its culture 'culture-%ound factors such as pro$er%s, sayings, adages, *okes( 3
- ha$e good memori)ing and note-taking skill - %e a%le to handle the $arious situation that may occur - pay attention to factors affecting con$ersion process: time 'speed( and accuracy !ime factor is understood as promptness and immediacy. ong pauses of one or two seconds are allowed, %ut no more. ong gaps %etween the speech and the interpretation usually cause ner$ousness and dou%t in the audience of the interpreter0s capa%ilities. &ccuracy $aries in$ersely with speed. !he longer one takes to translate, the more accurate the product will %e. !he following scale shows the difference in considering the two factors for differing modes of interpreting 'with 1 as the lowest l owest and 2 the highest consideration(: Modes of Interpreting
Time factor ccurac! of performance
- #ritten translation - %onsecuti&e !whole-speech 'nterpreting - Sentence-by-sentence 'nterpreting - Sight translation - Simultaneous interpreting
1 2 ) ( $
$ ( ) 2 1
"eliver! ,
!o carry out the deli$ery of the interpretation in a professional way, way, the interpreter must: - o%tain a num%er of skills needed through study and training, especially pu%lic speaking - use standard language with clear grammar, grammar, pronunciation, $oca%ulary as well as accent - possess appropriate gestures and manner man ner while interpreting 'not imitating the speaker0s gestures( - know to maintain the speech #low %y lea$ing as few pauses as possi%le - try to make the interpretation always always slightly shorter than the " text '3I"": keep it short and simple+ interpret ideas not words( - use direct speech form
&. -uli% spea/ing Pu%lic speaking is an important part of any interpreters0 training program for se$eral reasons. /irst, many people despite their thorough grasp of working languages tend to %e shy, free free)e )e up and and de$ de$elop elop ment mental al %loc %lockk when when faced aced with with an audi audien ence ce.. "eco "econd nd,, when when gi$ gi$en interpretation assignments in front of large audiences of important people, e$en those who are not shy often feel extremely intimidated. !hus, in order to o$ercome such a fright stage, an interpreter like an actor, or a news announcer should learn how to perform in pu%lic and effecti$ely use his4her $oice. Pu%lic speakers ha$e usually acuired some pro#iciency in the art of persuasion, and an interpreter must %e a%le to mirror that skill and should %e stri$e to %e good pu%lic speakers. !o gain greater con#idence and o$ercome the fright stage, interpreters should pay attention to important aspects in pu%lic speaking. 4
TI-' OR 'UCC&''U* -UB*IC '-&AIN( 1. Speech Structure
Opening spee%hes : !ypical structure - Welcoming audience, starting with special guests. - "peak on the signi#icance of the occasion to the audience - !hank those in$ol$ed in organi)ation and mention keynote speakers - 5xpress wishes for successful session Closing spee%hes: !ypical structure - ongratulate the participants on outcomes of the seminar4conference and descri%e some of those outcomes. - "peak on the signi#icance of such conferences. - !hank the organi)ers and participants. - &nnounce the $enues and date for the next conference4seminar. - 5nd on %right note that con$ey hope for the continued success of these seminars4more conferences on this theme, etc. 2. #!e Contact$ 5ye contact is $ery important in pu%lic speaking. - 6o not skim o$er the audience, %ut take a little time with each person. - If uncomforta%le when looking people in the eye, use the %ull0s eye techniues-look at the person0s forehead, *ust a%o$e the eyes - If interpreting in front of a large audience, esta%lish eye contact with se$eral people so that they also feel included. !his may also help to *udge audience response. 3. %od! &anguage
7er$ous %ody language undermines the credita%ility of the speaker. !hus, it is recommended to walk con#idently and directly to the podium and hold your stomach in, your shoulders %ack and your chest out. !his pro*ects con#idence. &nd when you pro*ect con#idence, you usually end up feeling con#ident. 4. 'osture$ Posture is important in allowing good %reath. - 6o not stoop or hunch, and do not stand stif#ly. - Place your weight e$enly on %oth feet, without resting on either hip, position your shoulders e$enly. - 6o not tilt your head to the side, do not cross your legs, do not pull your head %ack with the chin in, do not thrust your head forward with the chin out. (. )acial #*pressions
Interpreters should possess appropriate facial expressions. !hey should ne$er %e too sad or too happy in the course of interpreting. 7or should they show too much enthusiasm or empathy o$er an issue or pro%lem. +. ppearance
- 8ake sure your appearance 'clothing, *ewelry, hair, etc.( does not distract listeners from your interpreting. - 6ress smartly and stylishly, %ut conser$ati$ely and uno%trusi$ely, a$oiding patterns. ,. Wa!s to rela* 5
- In the minutes %efore the speech, when your ner$es are at their worst, do some exercises to release tension. 9r try watch or $isuali)e something funny as this will help you keep calm. -. oice
- !ape yourself. 5$aluate your pace, speech control, $olume control, rhythm, clarity, pronunciation, etc.
6
UNIT 1
"&"OR+
*anguage to #o%us, Culture an *anguage INTRODUCTION TO "&"OR+ uestions to consider: Why does an interpreter need memory;
A. T$pes o# eor$, Short-term memory !ST* - used for sentence-%y-sentence interpreting 'dialogue, con$ersation( - working in a straightforward manner - items in "!8 decay uickly Long-term memory !LT* - primary function for the interpreter %ecause all items stored ha$e passed through "!8 - working as an acti$e data%ase pro$iding the interpreter with information, knowledge, helpful for the #irst step of interpreting process: understanding - help the interpreter accumulate more information, knowledge in this data%ase
B. 'tages o# eor$ - +nco,ing: putting something in the memory, through either a $isual or acoustic code 'in a way that one can understand( - Storage : maintaining something in the memory 'usually with limit to capacity called memory span( - etrie&al : reco$ering something the memory, operating through sequentiality , hampered %y interference from other thoughts, in$ol$ing displacement sometimes 'when too much information presented at the same time+ new ideas displace the pre$ious one and the interpreter can end up interpreting only what is said at the end 6on0t let the party talk too much, especially in sentence-%y-sentence mode without note-taking(
C. Causes o# eor$ #ailure - Interference : audio, $isual, mental - 6isplacement - 5motional factors 'stress, anxiety, pressure(
D."eor$ te%hni!ues - i$ing it meaning? - @isuali)ation = Aa$e a picture in your mind? - &ttention to key words - 5xpanding knowledge %ase =
1. 3ansha/ing: In Bra)il, when people meet , they shae han,s. !he handshake often lasts a long time. People shake hands when they say /hello’ and they say /goo,bye’ . It0s important to ha$e 7
e!e contact with the person when you shake hands. &lso, it0s important to shake the han, of
e&eryone in a room. In Bra)il touching other people is 93. People touch other people0s arms0 elbows0 an, bacs. &lso, it0s 93 to interrupt ,uring a con&ersation. It shows that you0re intereste, .
2. )alentine’s Da$, 9n 1(th ebruary , "t. @alentine0s 6ay, a lot of people sen, a car, to the one they lo&e or someone whom they ha$e fallen in lo&e with . People usually do not sign these car,s and a lot time is spent trying to guess who has sent them. 4. C3RI'T"A', C2th 6ecem%er is the most important festi&al of the year. It com%ines the hristian celebration of the irth of Christ with the tra,itional festi&ities of winter . 9n the "unday %efore hristmas, many churches hold a carol ser&ice where special hymns are sung. "ometimes you can hear a carol singers singing on the streets as they collect money for charity . 8ost families ,ecorate their houses with coloured hristmas ,ecorations and they usually ha$e a %hristmas tree in the corner of the front room, glittering with coloure, lights an, ,ecorations . People put their gifts at the bottom of the hristmas tree. -R&5INT&R-R&TIN( 'tu$ the #ollo6ing 6ors an phrases7 an in the )ietnaese e!uivalents to the . -proper manners -connected with ghosts -dress up in strange costumes -discourage eye contact -witches -rude %eha$ior -cut horri%le faces in pumpkins -disrespect -a %ucket of water -hristmas decorations -dressed in white sheets -wrap up their gifts -“trick” or “treat” -a %ig turkey dinner -spilling #lour on your front doorstep -fancy dress parties -hristmas pudding -horror of the supernatural -deli$ers her traditional hristmas message ->othic Dock %ands -the
1.1.1 CU*TURA* DI&R&NC& What is %onsiere noral in one culture can %e %onsiere strange or una%%eptale in another. /or instance, in most 6estern %ultures, e$e %onta%t is considered to %e proper anners when communicating with others, %ecause it means you are paying attention and showing respect to the other person. But some eastern %ultures is%ourage e$e %onta%t , especially to elders. It might %e $iewed as rue ehavior, for it can mean isrespe%t . an you think of other examples which cause the same pro%lem in different cultures; 1.1.2 N&: +&AR DA+ ;a< aren, 9ne of the most important days for me is 7ew Eear %ecause the new year is $ery important. In fact it0s not so much 7ew Eear day, the 1 st of Fanuary, %ut the e$ening %efore, 7ew Eear 5$e. "o, on the G1st of 6ecem%er, at H o0clock in the e$ening, the cleaning %egins. I remem%er when I was a child, my mother spent hours cleaning the house to make sure e$erything was special and ready for the 7ew Eear. &nd then when it gets to 1C o0clock and the %ell starts to ring, the #irst thing my mother does is go to open the door to let the 7ew Eear in and e$eryone has something to drink, and we wait for the #irst foot. !he irst #oot is the #irst person who comes to your house in the 7ew Eear and they are $ery special %ecause they %ring new luck for the whole year. !he #irst foot has to %ring three things. !hey %ring soft %read, a special kind of %iscuit, they %ring coal for warmth, and they %ring something to drink. ;<=ohn, hinese 7ew Eear is ne$er the same e$ery year %ecause we follow a special calendar that follows the moon. "o, it0s sometimes at the end of Fanuary and sometimes the %eginning of /e%ruary. &t hinese 7ew Eear, we like to wear our new clothes and eat special food which has special meanings such as hinese mushrooms, delicious sweets. Aoepfully, they %ring us lots of good luck and money. &nd it0s special for children %ecause they get little red en$elopes of money from adults. What they do is they go to adults and say Aappy 7ew Eear and they get red en$elopes. Because I0m not married, I also get a little red en$elope. 1.1.4 C3RI'T"A' ACTI)ITI&' !he hirstmas season %egins $ery early in Britain. By the end of 9cto%er, you may see Christas e%orations in the streets and Christas %ars an gi#ts in the shops. !raditionally, people start to decorate their houses a week or two %efore C2 th 6ecem%er, which is hristmas 6ay. !here are a lot o# traitions %onne%te 6ith Christas. !he most important one is the giving o# presents. /amily mem%ers 6rap up their gi#ts and lea$e them at the %ottom of the hristmas tree to %e found on hristmas morning. hildren lea$e a long so%/ or sto%/ing at the end of their %ed on hristmas 5$e, C th 6ecem%er, hoping that /ather hristmas will come down the %hine$ during the night and %ring them small presents, fruits and nuts. !hey are not usually disappointed. "ometimes on hristmas 6ay, the family will sit down for a ig tur/e$ inner an Christas puing . ater in the afternoon, they may watch the >ueen on tele$ision as she elivers her traitional Christas essage to the Unite ingo an the Coon6ealth . If they ha$e room for e$en more food, they may en*oy a piece of hristmas cake or eat a hot in%e pie . CJ th 6ecem%er is also a pu%lic holiday, Bo?ing Da$, and this is the time to $isit friends and relati$es or watch foot%all. 1.1.@ 3A**O:&&N 9
;a< 9n G1st 9cto%er is Aalloween. Aalloween means hol$ evening. It0s a more important festi$al in the
1.1. =A-AN&'& TRADITIONA* T3&ATR& Before we go in to see the performance, I would like to tell you something a%out Fapanese traditional theatres. !here are three different types of traiditional theatres performed in Fapan. 10
!hese are No/7 au/i an Bunra/u . 7ok is a $ery old form of theatre ating a%/ to the 1th century ans was en*oyed %y the higher social classes. !he plays tell stories a%out >ods, 6arriors7 %eautiful women and supernatural eings. !he leading characters wear masks, and speak and sing in a $ery monotonous way accompanied %y a chorus and musicians playing traditional drums and #lutes. !he wooden stage is usually outdoor and has a roof supported %y four columns, and there0s *ust a single pine tree as s%ener$ . 7ok theatre is $ery slow and dramatic, %ut 3a%uki is much more colorful and has a large %ast . !he origin goes a%/ to the se$enteen century, and 3a%uki is the popular %ulture of ordinary people. !he plays are often a%out historical e$ents and relationship %etween men and women. In the early years, %oth men and women acted in 3a%uki plays, %ut later women were not allowed, and so all the actors are now men.
1.2 )I&TNA"&'& 9 &N(*I'3 INT&R-R&TIN( &isten to the follo/ing pieces of ne/s in ietnamese. 5ephrase the ne/s in !our o/n /ords using !our memor! and then do the interpretation into #nglish.
1.2.1 !oMi 241K taN i 7haO ha t lQ n AaO noR N i dieS n ra leS khai maN c NhEng NgF$ )Gn hHa Nga taNi @ieR N t 7am. TaRy laO diNp UeV khan gia @ieR N t 7am co cQ hoR N i thXQ ng thX c ca c gi trJ vGn hHa Nga $oMn raMt UaY Nc saZ c, phong phu maO cu[ng ga\ n gu[i $Q i ngXQO i @ieR N t 7am. "XN kieR N n naOy cu[ ng laO minh chX ng cho thaMy hai daRn toR N c luoR n uan taR m UeMn $aYn ho a cu a nhau. '!heo http:m.baomoi.com KJ41K4CK1H(
1.2.2 *K hLi hoa anh MFo laO leS hoR N i truye\ n thoMng cu a 7haR Nt Ba n $Q i teR n goNi hanami thXQOng dieS n ra $aOo cuoMi thang G haOng naYm. TaRy laO moR Nt trong nhX[ ng leS hoR N i laR u UQO i nhaMt Q 7haR N t $aO laO moR Nt ne t UeN p khoR ng theV thieMu trong $aY n ho a cu a ngXQOi 7haR Nt. 3anami trong tieMng 7haR Nt co ngh][a laO ngaZ m, thXQng la[ m hoa ' vie6ing(. Aoa anh UaOo laO uoMc hoa cu a UaMt nXQc maY Nt trQO i moN c tXQN ng trXng cho sXN thanh khieMt, mong manh ' putir$ an iperanen%e o# eaut$ (. '!heo #iipe,ia( 1.2.4 Ta[ thaOnh thoRng leR N , sang ngaO y C4^ haO ng naYm, soR ng AXQng UoaNn chay ua thaOnh phoM AueM laN i trQ neR n nhoR N n nhiNp $Q i 3Li Mua thu$n tru$n thng %hFo Png ngF$ TQt L% lSp cua daRn toR N c. 7aYm nay, AoR Ni Uua thuye\ n truye\ n thoMng t]nh !hXO a !hieR n AueM la\ n thX C^ dieS n ra soRi noVi $Qi s % vV nhiWt tXnh cua haOnh ngaOn khan gia. AoR N i Uua thuye\ n treR n soR ng AXQng Ua[ trQ thaO nh moR N t 11
nYt MZp vGn hHa ML% Mo tXO %ao UQO i nay cu a ngXQO i daR n $uO ng soR ng nXQ c, Uem laNi nie\ m $ui trong diNp uoMc khanh haOng naYm. ! http:&t&.&n&t&4soi-noi-hoi-,ua-thuyen-truyen-thong-tren-song-huong-tp-hue-2516575215)5$278(.htm
1.2.@. *K hLi [ th% Ch\u ] 2018 ;Asian oo an Culture estival< la\n Ua\ u tieRn se[ UXQNc toV chX c taNi @ieR Nt 7am taN i AaO 7oR Ni $aO ua ng 7inh trong thang naY m CK1L. !rong ca c ngaO y dieSn ra leS hoR Ni, se[ co khoa ng 1KK gian hFng '#oo stalls( giQi thieR N u cac mon ngon noVi tieMng cu a ca c uoMc gia nhX 7haR Nt, AaO n uoMc, "inggapore, 8yanmar, hampuchia, aOo . BeR n caNn Uo, coO n co ca c Fn i^u iKn n_u Gn '%oo/ing eonstrations ( cu a ca c Ua\ u %eMp $aO cac %h`ng trXnh i^u iKn nghW thuSt 'art per#oran%es( cu a @ieR N t 7am $aO ca c nXQc chaR u &_ . '!heo http:,antri.com.&n 1C4K4CK1L(
URT3&R -RACTIC& - "earch for more practice of listening and interpreting from the following we%site: http:44www.%%c.co.uk4worldser$ice4learningenglish4general4sixminute4CK1K41C41K1CK^`Jmin `tea`page.shtml - Practise interpreting the talk on The "eaning o# Colour from 3uong 9an y Thuat ;hien 9ich
UNIT 2,
NOT& 5 TAIN( 12
*anguage to #o%us, Touris b -la%es o# Interest
INTRODUCTION . Wh! to note
- pro$ide support to the memory, when there are too many elements for the interpreter to remem%er, particularly when the speech contains num%ers, names, lists - help relie$e memory and interpreters0 fatigue during the understanding of the speech - help the interpreter reproduce the structure of the speech4 retrace how ideas are related and separated from one another. %. When to note
- start as soon as possi%le, arrange the notes later with $arious sym%ols or signs when ha$ing understood the whole ideas 'su%*ect o%*ect( - only during the speech+ stop noting when the speaker #inishes the speech - a$oid %eing left %ehind+ ad*ust %etween timing and note-taking - when anticipating that num%ers or lists are going to %e presented, the interpreter needs to %e highly attenti$e to the speech to note down the num%ers and lists. C. What to note
- main ideas creating an outline for the interpretation. With a good memory, note-taking for main ideas is not $ery important. Aowe$er, it helps the interpreter to retrace the order of these ideas as outlined - linking words forming the relations %etween ideas - num%ers4 #igures 'percentage, dates, measurement( always with meanings 'for example: C2 mil. pp b C2 million people( - proper names 'people, countries, organi)ation, pu%lications, e$ents( with accuracy. In case the interpreter cannot write down the dif#icult names, note the sound of the names as originally spoken in the ", and then read it as exactly as possi%le - lists as suf#icient as possi%le. In case the interpreter cannot note down all the items in the list, try to ha$e at least some of them, and use etc. during the interpretation. If the complete list is of some importance, the interpreter can ask the speaker for the missing items and #ill in the space of the note. ". 6o/ to note
a. &ny way of taking notes is possi%le %ut it must %e most con$enient for the interpreter. /or easy reading and tracing %ack the ideas, the %est way is to note in $erticality and from left to right. "u%*ect @er% 9%*ect 13
%. !he interpreter can note the main ideas on the left and supporting ideas indented to the right. 8ain idea 1 .. supporting idea 1 .. supporting idea C c. 6raw a line to #inish one idea and %egin a new idea. 7ote linking words at the far left of the note pad to show relations %etween the two ideas. "u%*ect @er% 9%*ect Because -----------------------------------------------------------------------"u%*ect @er% 9%*ect d. 7ote in $erticality for a list. /or example : #estern Lon,on has suffere, a series of natural catastrophes0 &iolent winter storms0 >loo,ing an, earthquae.
W.6 suffered catas: storm #loods earthuakes e.
4
increase, de$elop, rise
y
last year
reduction, go down, decline, deteriorate
y
next year
or 'eg: hus%and4wife(
4.4 a long time
lead to, go to, release
4.4
a short time
b
eual to
dollar, money
add to
destroy, get rid of, cancel
♥
lo$e4 heart
□
country
more than4 o$er
less than
yr
year
econo
go$t
go$ernment
coop
economics cooperation 14
pp
people
mil
million
- earn some popular acronyms for the notes. /or example: >6P '>ross 6omestic Product(
<7 'the
'letter of credit(
7>9'non-go$ernmental org.(
W!9 'World !rade 9rgani)ation(
WB 'World Bank(
<76P '
Tips #or Note5ta/ing 1. ess is more: too much details causes interference. C. 6on0t write at the expense of listening: >reat notes won0t help if you ha$en0t heard or comprehended the message in the #irst place. G. &nalyse: !hink a%out what the speaker is really saying, whether you need to write more in some places, and whether what you write is enough to remem%er with. . /ocus on ideas, not indi$idual words: Write own ideas+ words in isolation don0t mean anything. 2. /ocus on logical connection %etween ideas: $ital for accurate communication of the message J. 8emory: Demem%er what the speaker said and what your notes signify. H. Beginning and end are important: Pay attention to the start and end of each speech section. /ailure to get these right can mean at %est that you may not make the main points clearly, and at worst you can derail the entire interpretation. L. "ym%ols: Practise them until they are automatic. &dd, modify and replace as necessary. ^. "pread downward across the page: Write downward, one point4 word to a line. !his facilitates comprehension as well as allows additions of things4 details4 words later. 1K. Write BI>: lear, uncluttered are easier to read. 11. "eparate sentences and points: 6rawing lines after each sentence or important point help you to identify what needs to %e interpret, and a$oid confusion %etween information from different sentences %eing used elsewhere in a different context. 1C. 6raw a line through when #inished: !o a$oid confusion, draw a line through 'at least( the last of your notes when you #inish interpreting. !his help you know where to start in the next segment and don0t omit or repeat anything. 1G. 5ither &7><&>5 is okay: 7otes can %e ! or ". & mixture of %oth is common.
An$thing goes as long as it 6or/s 6ith $ou. #7M'&#$ The follo/ing pieces of information contain a lot of numers 8igures proper namses and facts. 'ractice ta0ing notes and interpret into ietnamese. 15
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Dussia is %y far the %iggest country %y area in the world = it is o$er 1H million suare kilometers. But hina has a much %igger population, with nearly 1. %illion people. !he longest ri$er in the world is the 7ile at J,^^2 kilometres, %ut it is only slightly longer than the &ma)on = the second longest ri$er in the world, at J,H2K kilometres. anada has %y far the longest coastline in the world = it is approximately C,KKK kilometres long. !he second longest is in Indonesia, %ut it is a long way %ehind at only 22,KKK kilometres. hicago is the furthest north, although it is only slightly further north than 7ew Eork. "an /rancisco and os &ngeles are %oth in alifornia, %ut os &ngeles is a lot further south - a%out ^KK kilometres. "urprisingly it is hina, not the <"& that has the most fast food restaurants in the world. !he nation that drinks the most tea is not the Indians, or the 5nglish as you might think, %ut the Irish, who drink around #i$e cups a day. India has %y far the most uni$ersities in the world with nearly L,2KK. It also has the %iggest uni$ersity in the world = the 3ameshwar "ingh 6ar%hanga "anskrit
-R&5INT&R-R&TIN( 'tu$ the #ollo6ing 6ors, phrases and find the Vietnamese equia!ents t" them. -an impressi$e collection of modern paintings -Palm Aouse -an ama)ing $iew of the entire city -Irsih folk music -linen, rope-making, engirneering, to%acco, sea trade -minimum %us fare -ship%uilding -a launderette -set out on her fatal maiden $oyage -a tum%le drier -Belfast athedral and ity Aall -fantastic scenery in the #ilm -ord of the Dings -ardens -di$ersity of ethnic groups -tropical plants -%e stereotyped to one kind of appearance -rare plants -close-knit families of e$eral generations 2.1. &N(*I'35 )I&TNA"&'& INT&R-R&TIN( 2.1.1. &isten to some people tal0ing aout their cities. Use note9ta0ing techniues and interpret into ietnamese. 16
a. $oto: /or me 3yoto is the most %eautiful city in the world, it0s also the oldest city. It has many old, traditional %uildings, and %eautiful palaces, temples and gardens. !he most famous temple is the >olden Pa$illon. !here are also $ery good markets, and also really good shops and some %eautiful modern %uildings too. . )eni%e: 9f course there are lots to see in @enice. It0s one of the most famous cities in the world. /irst of all, there are the canals. We don0t ha$e cars in @enice, so you ha$e to tra$el e$erywhere %y canal. !he most famous place in @enice is the suare, "t 8ark0s "uare with "t 8ark0s athedral. &nd there are lots of museums and palaces, and %eautilful %ridges too. %. Istanul: I think Istan%ul is may%e the most %eautiful city in the world, %ut of course I come from Istan%ul. !he city is %uilt on hills a%out Bosphros, and so there are %eautiful $iews across the water. /rom the water you can see mosues = the most %eautiful is called the Blue 8osue = and palaces and %ridges. Istan%ul also has a $ery famous market called the >rand Ba)aard. But today we also ha$e many modern shopping centres and modern %uildings and hotels. It0s a really fantastic city. . Rio e =aneiro, Dio is one of the most exciting cities in "outh &merica #irst of course we ha$e our famous %each, the opaca%ana, and there are many mountains around Dio = the most famous is the "ugar Plum 8ountain, where you can see a %ig statue of hrist, and of course wee ha$e famous stadium = the 8arcarana stadium, may%e the most famous foot%all stadium in the world it0s really a great place. e. 't -etersurg, Eou will really lo$e "t Peters%urg there are so many things to see. !he most famous is the Winter Palaca, where the !sars li$ed, and the Aermitage 8useum which is a fantastic art gallery, and we ha$e a $ery %eautiful ri$er too, the Di$er 7e$a, and of course churches and cathedrals. !here0s so much to see? 2.1.2. &isten to some people introducing tours to different places. Ta0e notes on the tal0s and do the interpretation.
a. CIT+ BU' TOUR !oday0s %us tour will take us all o$er this great city. /irst, we0ll go to the art museum, which has an ipressive %olle%tion o# oern paintings . Before we lea$e, you0ll ha$e a chance to %uy some postcards and art oo/s at the gift shop. !hen we0ll take an ele$ator to the top of the city0s tallest %uilding. Eou0ll ha$e an aacing vie6 o# the entire %it$ . Be sure to %ring your cameras. &fterwards, we0ll ha$e a light lunch at a restaurant near the ri$er. !he tour will end at the %it$ all, which is full of wonderful stores and little cafes. I highly recommend %uying pottery and *ewelry there. It is some of the #inest in the world. . A TRI- TO B&*A'T >ood morning e$eryone. Welcome to Belfast. 7ow I will gi$e you some information a%out Belfast. Belfast is one of the youngest %aptial %ities in the world and it has grown incredi%ly fast. !oday the city has a population of KK,KKK, nearly a third of the entire population of 7orthern Ireland, %ut in the 1Hth century, it was only a $illage. !hen, during the 1L th century, the de$elopment of inustries li/e linen7 rope5a/ing7 engirneering7 toa%%o an sea trae 17
dou%led the si)e e$ery ten years. !he city is well known for shipuiling. It was here that the “!itanic” was %uilt and set out on her #atal aien vo$age . Aere is your %rief tour around Belfast. !his morning you will $isit an art gallery, Bel#ast Catheral an Cit$ 3all. !his afternoon, you will $isit the )oo and this e$ening, you will go to a concert at Ulster 3all. !omorrow morning, you will $isit Ulster "useu and see ^,KKK years of human history in Ireland and the gol treasure o# the 1th %entur$ 'panish 6arship which was reco$ered off the %oast o# Antri in 1^JL. In the afternoon, you will go to the Botani% (arens and you will walk among rare plants. "ome of the tropical plants are 1KK years old. &nd then you will $isit the -al 3ouse. It was %uilt in 1L2K. Eou will ha$e a free e$ening so you can go to some local pu%s. It0s possi%le for you to #ind a really friendly atmosphere and en*oy some Irsih #ol/ usi% there. 7ext morning at 1K, you will lea$e the hotel and #ly %ack to ondon. I hope you will en*oy the two-day tour. !hanks. 2.1.3. &isten to some people giving information aout travelling to and living in different places in the /orld. Ta0e notes on the tal0s and do the interpretation.
a. AIR-ORT' IN BRITAIN When you tra$el to Britain %y sea or air, it is likely that you will arri$e in the "outheast. !here are two main airports in the ondon area. 9ne is Aeathrow &irport, the other is >atwick. Aeathrow is the world0s %usiest airport in international tra#i% . It is a%out CK miles outside of ondon. It0s located a%out 44 / 6est o# %entral *onon . It has around CL million passengers per year. >atwick is the second ma*or airport. It0s a%out GK miles, or 2K km to the south of ondon. It has a%out 1K million passengers per year. . *I)IN( IN *ONDON ondon has %een called the most expensi$e city in the world, though like all other cities, if you know your way around, you can always #ind lower prices that people normally pay. !ransport is expensi$e compared with other places. !he iniu us #are is Kp. !his is only for a%out a kilometre0s ride. If you want to go further, you ha$e to pay more. !he #ares on the unergroun are the same. !he minimum fare is 2Kp, and if you want to go more than two or three stations, it costs more. !he minimum taxi fare is C pounds. If you want to go out of ondon, you can take a coach. It is the easiest and most economical way to tra$el around ondon %y coach. & coach fare is a%out 1 pound CK. In ondon, accommodation is another $ery expensi$e thing. Eou would pay a%out K pounds a week for one room. If you want to rent a one-%edroom #lat, it will cost more. Eou would generally pay a%out CKK pounds per week for it. @ery few international students will ha$e their own washing machines so it is likely that you will ha$e to do your washing at a launerette, which is a place where washing machines are pro$ided for the general pu%lic. Aere are some prices for the use of a washing machine. It0s C pounds 2K for using a large washing machine and 1 pound LK for using a small one. Eou ha$e to pay 1 pound 2K for using a tule rier, a%out C pounds K for a eiu5sice pa%/et o# 6ashing po6er. 18
%. N&: d&A*AND 7ew ealand is in the south of the Paci#ic 9cean. !he nearest country to us is &ustralia, %ut we0re not close neigh%ours, I think we0re more than C,KKK kilometres apart. We ha$e two islands which are called 7orth Island and "outh Island. &ctually it0s not really a %ig country+ it0s a%out the same si)e as >reat Britain, *ust a little %it %igger in area. But we ha$e a much much smaller population, only a%out G and a half million. We ha$e two of#icial languages, 5nglish and 8a[ori, which is the language of the original people here. I think now for a lot of people when they think of 7ew ealand they think of the ord of the Dings, which of course they #ilmed here, and people think of the fantastic scenery in the #ilm, some people say it is the most fantastic scenery in the world, I don0t a%out that %ut it0s certainly an ama)ing place to $isit. !here are so many different types of scenery and climate. In the north you0$e got fantastic %eaches and mountains, and $olcanoes and e$en a small area of dessert. !he climate here is $ery pleasant, mostly $ery warm. !he a$erage is around C2 degrees in the summer, while in the south it0s a %it colder during the winter and the scenery is like 7orway or anada, lots of glaciers, snow co$ered mountains where you can go skiing. !here are so many things to see. . URAIN&
2.2.4 aO thaOnh phoM soR i UoR Nng nhaMt ca nXQc, "aO i >oO n $e\ UeR m nhX khoR ng ngu $Qi nhX[ ng a nh UeO n thaZ p sa ng treR n khaZ p ca c tuyeMn UXQO ng $aO toO a nhaO taN o neR n %mnh t`ng lung linh . @Qi hQn GKK naY m h]Onh thaO nh $aO pha t trieVn, "aO i >oOn ngaO y nay co nhie\u thay UoVi UeV trQ thaO nh moR N t trong nhX[ng trung t\ /inh tQ vF %hnh trJ cu a ca nXQ c. Tie\ u deS nhaR Nn ra laO nhX[ng twa nhF %ao tng Q UaR y moNc leRn ngaOy caOng nhie\u. 8ua saZm laO moR N t trong nhX[ ng hoaN t UoR N ng yeRu th]ch cua du khach UeMn "aOi >oO n. 7goaO i ca c khu chQN , UaR y cu[ ng laO nQi co nhie\ u trung taR m thXQng maN i sa\ m uaMt, mQ cX a tXO sa ng tQ i toMi muoR Nn, Ua p X ng khoR ng ch] nhu ca\ u mua saZ m maO coOn ca aY n uoMng, gia i tr]. 2.2.@ hu u lJ%h sinh thi TrFng An - nam trong !un th^ anh thxng TrFng An , t]nh 7inh B]Onh co dieR N n t]ch C.1JL ha, cach thu UoR AaO noR N i hQn ^K km $e\ ph]a 7am, Ua[ thXN c sXN trQ thaO nh Mi^ MQn `% cu a nhie\u du khach trong $aO ngoaO i nXQ c. !oaO n canh khu sinh tha i laO moR N t vyng ni non hyng vz $aO cac hang UoR N ng, ca c thung lu[ng hoang sQ, kyO %] $aO UeN p UeMn laN thXQO ng. 2.2. TaO 7ang hieR N n nay UXQN c %ieMt UeMn nhX laO moR N t Mi^ MQn th vJ cua du khach trong $aO ngoaOi nXQc. @Qi noS lXN c cu a ngXQO i daR n $aO ch]nh uye\ n thaO nh phoM, TaO 7a ng dXQO ng nhX Mang ang L {t i so $Q i ca ch UaR y 1K naY m. TXQO ng phoM Ua[ UXQN c mQ roR Nng, xanh hQn, saNch hQn. 7hie\ u toaO nhaO , kha ch saN n cao ta\ ng moNc leR n khaZp nQi. !uy nhieR n, UieVm nhaMn cu a thaOnh phoM laO nhX[ ng caR y ca\ u mQ i UeN p $aO hieR N n UaN i.
UNIT 4,
"&"OR+ | NOT& 9 TAIN(
*anguage o%us, &nvironent an Nature -R&5INT&R-R&TIN( 20
'tu$ the #ollo6ing 6ors7 phrases an in the )ietnaese e!uivalents to the. -rainfall -thunderstorms -drought -hurriances -a shooting star -glo%al temperatures -space *unk -sea le$els -space missions -coastal cities -grass #ires -glo%al warming -trained #ire#ighters -#loods and resulting landslides -exporter of wood and paper -hardest hit countries -lightning -mountain $illages -7ational 5arthuake Information entre in >olden -intense rain -!he magnitude J.L-uake -affected countries -in serious condition -estimate thousands of millions of dollars of -hospital treatment for minor in*uries -damage -tornadoes -o$er#lowing ri$ers -twisters0 -Doads and railroads are underwater -whirlwinds -historic city of 6resden -one side of the world0s climate changes -reached its highest le$el 4.1 &N(*I'3 9 )I&TNA"&'& INT&R-R&TIN( &isten to some tal0s aout environmental and natural issues. Use memoriing and note9 ta0ing techniues to interpret the tal0s into ietnamese.
4.1.1 A"AdON RI)&R !he &ma)on Di$er is the second longest ri$er in the world. It also gets a lot of rain#all, this is why it holds the largest amount of water in one place. Aowe$er, the &ma)on has recently %een facing rought. & lot of #ish and animals ha$e %een dying %ecause of the disappearing water. !his is a $ery %ig pro%lem as many people depend on the water of the &ma)on. "cientists do not really why this is happening %ut they suspect glo%al warming and pollution are the main pro%lems. 4.1.2 '-AC& =UN In Fune CKKG, people saw a %right light in the sky a%o$e !asmania in &ustralia. 7o%ody knew where it came from. "ome thought it was a shooting star , %ut others thought it was spa%e }un/ . "ome scientists are worried a%out *unk on earth. But other scientists are worried a%out *unk in space. !here is a lot of *unk in space. "cientists know of ^,KKK pieces of *unk. !here are three uestions people ask: Is this *unk dangerous for people on spa%e issions; Is it dangerous for people on earth; Is there anything we can do a%out it; "pace *unk hasn0t hurt anyone yet. But it may hurt someone in the future. "cientists are keeping records of "cientists know what to do a%out it, %ut no%ody wants to do anything %ecause it could cost too much. 4.1.4 OR&'T IR&' !here are thousands of forest #ires in anada e$ery year. It0s not surprising %ecause there are a lot of forests in anada. anada spends millions of dollars #ighting there #ires. !he #ires usually start in &pril with grass ires. !hen in 8ay or Fune the forest #ires %egin. By "eptem%er, a%out 21
C,KKK suare kilometers %urn with ^,2KK #ires across the country. 6uring those six months anada hires hundreds of #ire#ighters. "ome are traine ireighters. 9thers are college students who need a *o%. !he go$ernment spends millions of dollars protecting the trees. &nd with good reason: anada is forest nation. It is the world0s largest e?porter o# 6oo an paper. 8ore than half of the #ires '2Lj( are caused %y humans. !he rest are caused %y lightning. We know that as long as there is #ire, there will %e forest #ires.
4.1.@ &ART3>UA& IN '&ATT*& & strong earthuake hit "eattle at 1K.2 a.m on Wednesday. &ccording to the National &arth!ua/e In#oration Centre in (olen , the agnitue .85!ua/e was centred 1C2 kilometres southest of @ictoria and 2J kilometres southwest of "eatle. &%out C2K people were reported in*ured in "eattle and 9lympia+ at least three of them are in serious %onition . In @ictoria, the earthuake caused %uildings to sway and shook pictures off walls, %ut damage was minimal. 3. "mith who was on the eighth #loor of a downtown @ictoria of#ice %uilding: I thought the %uilding was going to sway and topple o$er”, yet other didn0t feel a thing. & spokesman said that at least two local people had hospital treatent #or inor in}uries. 4.1. OUR RA(I*& -*AN&T !ornadoes, sometimes called twisters0, are whirlwinds with speeds of up to KK km per hour. In the <"& there are 1,KKK tornaoes e$ery year. !hey look fascinating and dramatic when we0re watching them on !@, %ut they can kill. In Britain, there were $ery few tornadoes in the past, now there are more than 2K tornadoes a year. !ornadoes are only one sie o# the 6orl’s %liate %hanges, there are many others. !he num%er of thunerstors is increasing and there are more hurrian%es . !here are more #loods in some parts of the world, and there0s much less rain in others. We know these things happen %ecause gloal teperatures are rising, and many people %elie$e the weather will get worse in the future. !he pro%lem of climate change won0t go away unless we do something a%out the causes. "cientists still do not know enough a%out the reasons for these temperature changes. "ome say that these types of climate changes are natural, %ut most scientists think human acti$ity is the pro%lem. utting down trees, %urining too much oil, and the increase in the num%er of cars and planes are some of the things that cause the pro%lems. "cientists %elie$e that if the temperatures continue to rise, the ice at the poles will melt. If the ice melts, sea levels will rise. "ome islands might disappear completely, and there might %e #loods in %oastal %ities. &ll this means that unless we do something to stop gloal 6aring now, there may %e many other dramatic changes in the future.
4.1. '&)&R& :&AT3&R IN T3& :OR*D "e$ere weather is affecting people in many countries. In areas of south and east &sia, a%out HKK people ha$e %een killed in loos an resulting lanslies during the past months. !he harest hit %ountries include 7orth and "outh 3orea, @ietnam, India, 7epal and Bangladesh. In India, the #looding is the worst the country has experienced in C2 years. &reas in Assa an Bihar states ha$e suffered from hea$y rains and #looding. CK million people ha$e %een affected. Indian of#icials say more than GKK people ha$e died as a result o# the 6eather 22
%onitions. !he num%er of deaths in 7epal is e$en higher. 8ore than KK people ha$e %een killed in #lood and landslides in ountain villages there. ¬her 12K people ha$e died in similar weather in Bangladesh. /looding was also se$ere in hina this year where a%out ^KK people ha$e died. !he intense rain has also done great damage in &ustria. 9ther a##e%te %ountries include Italy, "pain, "lo$akia, Bulgaria, roatia, Domania, Aungary and ermany. !housands of people ha$e %een remo$ed from the histori% %it$ o# Dresen. !he &le River in Dresen rea%he its highest level in more than 12K years.
4.2 )I&TNA"&'& 9 &N(*I'3 INT&R-R&TIN( &isten to the follo/ing pieces of ne/s in ietnamese and do the inerpretation into #nglish.
4.2.1 !]Onh traN ng oR nhieS m taN i thaO nh phoM Ao\ h] 8inh Ua[ MQn f% o MLng 'to be at alarming le&el to reach alarming le&el (. AaOng ngaO y khi %XQc chaR n ra UXQO ng moN i ngXQO i cho duO laO giaO hay tre , %aMt keV laO nam hay nX[ Ue\ u phai th~ san cho m]Onh moR N t chieMc khaVu trang UeV tXN %a o $eR N m]Onh trXQ c kho i xe $aO %uN i %aY Nm. 4.2.2 ieRn AieR N p uoMc XQ c t]nh 1 trieR N u ngXQO i daR n Pakistan Uang %iN anh hXQ ng %Q i Mt lV lt ti tW naOy ' se&ere >loo, se&ere >loo,ing(. AQn G,HKK ngoRi nhaO %iN cuoMn troRi ' carrywash away (, moR Nt dieR N n t]ch lQ n UaMt canh tac ' a large area of farming culti&ation agricultural lan, %iN nhaMn ch]Om trong %ieVn nXQc ' to be un,erwater (. ' intense rain hea&y rain ( 8Xa nhX trut nXQ c tieMp tuN c gaR y lQ 'lan,sli,e UaMt treRn dieR N n roR N ng, coR laR Np nhie\ u $uO ng daR n cX ' resi,ential areas neighboouhoo,s (. 7XQc lu[ cu[ng pha hu y hoaO n toaO n ]t nhaMt 2 caRy ca\u. 8alakand laO huyeR N n %iN anh hXQng naY Nng ne\ nhaMt $Q i 1KC ngXQO i thieR Nt maN ng. !?@o TuAi TrB 242515
4.2.4 Lng M_t /Yp Inonesia I_t nhaMt 1.KKK ngXQO i treR n Uao "umatra, Indo Ua[ thieR N t maN ng $aO %iN thXQng trong trCn DEng ,Ft mGnh 608 DE ichter !6.8-ichter-scale earthquae ( t]nh UeMn chie\u 141K. uOng ngaOy, nhaR N t %a o Fakarta Post cho %ieMt moR N t traR Nn UoR Nng UaMt kha c maN nh J,L UoR N Dichter Ua[ xa y ra Q thaO nh phoM Fam%i treRn ua\n Uao naOy gHy ra thIm mEt sJ thiKt hGi mi. !heo ?E trMNng O tP 'n,onesia, XQ c Uoa n soM naNn nhaRn coOn co theV tQng hRn trIn 1.555 ngMi . ! https:tuoitre.&n,ong-,at-ep-o-in,onesia-)(521$.htm 2 15 2557
4.2.@ (ij Tri M_t laO sXN kieR N n uoMc teM haO ng naY m do >u >u% tQ Bmo vW thin nhin phat UoR N ng. @Q i muN c U]ch khuyeMn kh]ch, keRu goNi cac hoR N gia U]Onh $aO cQ sQ kinh doanh taZt UeO n UieR N n $aO ca c thieMt %iN UieR N n khoRng a nh hXQ ng lQ n UeMn sinh hoaN t trong 1 giQO, tXO L giQO GK UeMn ^ giQO GK toMi 'giQO UiNa phXQng( ngaO y thX %a y tua\ n thX G cu a tha ng G haO ng naYm. "XN kieR Nn >iQO trai UaMt %aZ t Ua\u tXO naY m CKKH Q "ydney '&ustralia(, soM ngXQOi tham gia ch] khoang C trieR N u ngXQO i. "XN kieR N n naO y nha m n\ng 23
%ao nhSn thf% %ho %Lng Mng trong $ieR N c tieMt kieR N m UieR N n naY ng, gim l`ng /h thmi CO2 '%aron eission( ra moR i trXQO ng. 'www.sggp.org.&nchung-tay-bao-&e-hanh-tinh-"anh-$5671).html 28 ) 2514 4.2. 7gaO y 1C4J toVng soM ngXQOi cheMt do lQ UaMt, lV vF sYt Mnh 'thun,erstorm lightning( taNi mie\n UoRng nam Bangladesh Ua[ leR n UeMn 1KH ngXQOi. AQn 2K ngXQO i $aS n coO n _t t%h 'missing(. 3hu $XNc %iN a nh hXQ ng naY Nng nhaMt laO moR N t /hu %huLt Mkng M% 'a crowded slum( Q thaO nh phoM hittagong nhie\ u Uo\i nu i. 7hie\ u khu $XN c cu a hittagong $aS n tieMp tuN c _t MiWn ho{% n`% 'to suffer power an, water cut ( do cac tr %_p MiWn vF n`% ' power an, water stations plants ( %iN nhaMn ch]Om trong nXQ c lu[. !??% ews0 12582556
URT3&R -RACTIC& - "earch for more practice of listening and interpreting from the following we%site:
UNIT @,
"&"OR+ | NOT& 5 TAIN(
*anguage to #o%us, 3ealth Issues -R&5INT&R-R&TIN( 24
'tu$ the #ollo6ing 6ors7 phrases an in the )ietnaese e!uivalents to the. -heart disease -stretching exercises -well-%eing foods -losing weight all of a sudden -sugary snacks, sugary drinks -sugar-free *uices -Whole-grain %read, pasta -"umo wrestlers -%urns off the calories -calorie concentration -high4 medium4 low in calories -disco$er a sensi%le %alance -se$ere health care crisis -a serious lack of health care workers - in limited supply -Depairs at health centers -sufer from poor nutrition -die during child%irth
- %e attended %y a trained health care worker -leading pre$enta%le cause of death -heart disease, stroke -&merican ancer "ociety -esophagus, kidney, %ladder and pancreas -"mokeless to%acco, cigars -rates of infection -economic, social, political and military systems -the highest estimate of any country -Disky sexual acti$ity -Aigh-risk groups -to increase pu%lic understanding -the release of soldiers from the armed forces -pu%lic health ser$ices -illegal drug use -the release of large num%er of infected prisoners -rising num%er sex workers -unsafe methods in the collection and sale of %lood
@.1 &N(*I'3 9 )I&TNA"&'& INT&R-R&TIN( 4.1.1 &isten to the follo/ing small tal0s in #nglish on health! living. Use note9ta0ing techniues and interpret into ietnamese.
;a< &•&RCI'IN( 5xercising can %e one of the %est things you can do for yourself. *a%/ o# e?er%ise can cause you a lot of pro%lems, such as heart isease. If we do not use our us%les, then we will %ecome weaker and can face pro%lems later. 5xercising does not ha$e to %e in the gym. We take a walk in the park, or s/ip rope in our %ackyard. We can e$en *ust do some stret%hing e?er%ises. "o long as we mo$e our muscles, we are exercising. ;< TO B& 3&A*T3+ 5$eryone is talking a%out how to %e healthy. People are trying to lose weight and eat 6ell5 eing #oos. But %efore we simple %uy any well-%eing food that we see, we should always learn a%out it %efore trying it. We need to %ontrol our #oo slo6l$ . Being healthy does not mean losing 6eight all o# a suen . We also need to start exercising %it %y %it. It can %e dangerous to ha$e a sudden change in our %ody or daily life. ;%< &ATIN( :&** 5ating well is so important these days. !here are so many choices and so many different ideas a%out what is healthy and what is not, so it can get a little confusing. If you want to li$e a long and healthy life, you need to watch what you eat. !oo many sugar$ sna%/s7 sugar$ rin/s rot your teeth and could make you gain weight. "o it0s %etter to eat fruit and $egeta%le sticks %etween meals, or drink water or sugar5#ree }ui%es. &lso you should try to a$oid fatty foods 25
such as potato %hips and pastries. 5at as many $egeta%les as you like, and eat a lot of fruit too. :hole5grain rea and pasta are also good. If you com%ine this healthy eating with regular exercise, you0ll li$e a long and healthy life.
;<IT OR AT "ome people want to get fat = Fapanese 'uo 6restlers, for example. !heir typical meal is called cha0onae , a mixture of rice, meat and $egeta%les. It0s healthy, %ut it has a lot of calories. It0s dif#icult to thorow a $ery hea$y man to the #loor? !his is why "umo wrestlers eat a lot of food and go to %ed straight after eating. "ome "ume wrestlers weigh C2K kilograms, a few of them e$en CLK kilograms? But most people want to keep their weight down. In Britain and the <"&, doctors are worried that a lot of teenagers are o$er weight. !hey often eat unhealthy food and spend a lot of time sitting in front of the tele$ision or the computer. Aere0s some ad$ice: Aa$e some $egeta%les or some fruit in e$ery meal. 5at #i$e small meals a day instead of two to three large meals. It0s a good idea to eat snacks, %ut don0t eat a lot of sugar. 6on0t eat fried food $ery often. Aa$e some rice or some pasta instead. 6rink a lot of water. If you want a sweet drink, ha$e some fruit *uice. "o some exercise e$ery day. 5xercise %urns off the calories and makes you #it. "o come on = get up and ride you %ike, swim, run, go for walks. /inally, remem%er = there0s not need to %e skinny. 5n*oy your food and ha$e fun when you0re exercising. ;e< :A+' TO 'TA+ '*I" >ood morning, e$ery one, and welcome to our regular programme on health issues. !oday I0m going to talk a%out ways of staying healthy and slim. "ome people seem to eat to stay ali$e while for other eating is a ho%%y. 6o you en*oy your food; &re you careful a%out what you eat, or do you eat what you en*oy; Aere0s a $ery simple way to choose the foods that will keep you slim and in shape and feeling great. &nd you don0t ha$e to count calories. et0s di$ide the main types of food into three groups according to their %alorie %on%entration . /rist, we will use red for food that is high in %alories. "econdly, we0ll use yellow for food that is eiu in %alories. !hen, we0ll use the green colour for the food that is lo6 in %alories. 7ow, let0s look at the red group. Eou will #ind sugar, chocolate, cake, puddings, honey, *am, cream, %utter, chips, peanuts and soft drinks. Because these foods are high in calories, you should stop and think %efore you eat them. In fact you should try to a$oid them as much as possi%le. 8o$ing on to the yellow group, you will #ind fatty meats, sausages, li$er, eggs, milk, cheese, nuts, wine, %eer and salt. When you eat these kinds of food, you should %e careful and not to eat too much of them. !hen, we come to the last group, the green one. !his group includes fresh fruit, salads, $egeta%les, seefood, yogurt, skimmed milk, %read, low-calorie soft drinks, teas and water. When you eat these foods, you can go ahead and eat lots of them. Eou should use these G groups to disco$er a sensile alan%e that suits you. Demem%er, it is easier to saty slim than to lose weight once you ha$e put it on. & little care choosing what you eat and enough regular exercise will go a long way to get you feeling great.
26
4.1.2 &isten to the follo/ing small tal0s in #nglish aout health issues. Use note9ta0ing techniues and interpret into ietnamese.
;a< 3&A*T3 CAR& CRI'I' IN A(3ANI'TAN &fghanistan is facing a severe health %are %risis . !here is not enough food, shelter and clothing for all the people. !here is also a serious la%/ o# health %are 6or/ers . In addition, drugs, medical euipment and fuel are in liite suppl$. Repairs at health %enters are also needed. !he World Aealth 9rgani)ation estimates six-million people in &fghanistan cannot get any health care. ife expectancy for the people in &fghanistan is among the lowest in the world. 8en li$e to %e a%out 2 years old while women li$e to %e a%out age H. &lso, more than C2j of all children in &fghanistan die %efore the age of #i$e. 8ore than half of these young children su##er #ro poor nutrition . !he WA9 also says the num%er of women in &fghanistan who ie uring %hilirth is the second highest in the world. !his is partly %ecause fewer than 2Kj of all %irths in the country are attene $ a traine health %are 6or/er . ;< '"OIN( IN T3& U'A In the
release o# large nuer o# in#e%te prisoners and rising nuer o# se? 6or/ers are helping the disease to spread. In hina, one reason the disease is increasing is %ecause of unsa#e ethos in the %olle%tion an sale o# loo. @.2 )I&TNA"&'& 9 &N(*I'3 INT&R-R&TIN( @.2.1 "oMt ret 'alaria< laO moR Nt trong nhX[ ng %Gn Wnh g\$ t€ vong 'eal$ isease( cao nhaMt treR n theM giQi. 8oSi naY m treR n toaOn theM giQ i co khoang 1 trieR Nu ngXQO i cheMt $]O caY n %eR N nh naO y. Ta soM ngXQOi maZ c %eR N nh laO tre em soMng Q $uO ng nu i taN i ca c nXQc Uang pha t trieVn. 8oR Nt %a o ca o mQ i UaR y cu a toV chXc E teM theM giQ i cho %ieMt ca c chXQng tr]Onh choMng soMt ret ' %apaign against alariab anti5alaria %apaign( Ua[ khoR ng UXQN c thXN c hieR N n trieR N t UeV Q nhX[ ng khu $XN c naO y. @.2.2 !heo keMt ua nghieR n cXu mQi cu a @ieR N n "Xc khoe toaO n ca\ u Barcelona 'I">lo%al(, Gn ti s giup giam nguy cQ maZc ung th` v vF ung th` tu$Qn tin liWt . 3eMt ua nghieR n cX u cho thaMy, nhX[ ng ngXQO i aY n toMi trXQ c C1g co nguy cQ maZc ung thX $u $aO ung thX tuyeMn tie\ n lieR Nt thaMp hQn CKj so $Qi nhX[ ng ngXQO i aYn toMi sau CCg hoaY Nc Ui ngu ngay sau khi aY n toMi. 3ha o sat naO y co y ngh][a trong $ieR N c hXQ ng daS n phoO ng choMng ung thX, trong Uo thQO i gian duO ng %X[ a toMi Uong $ai troO ! http://phunuonline.com.vn/suc-khoe - 02/08/2018 ) uan troN ng.
@.2.4 1HK trieR Nu tre em treR n toaO n ca\ u %iN suy dinh dXQ[ ng. To laO thoR ng %a o cu a (i M% >u nhi Mng *in hiWp !u% arol Bellamy taNi phieR n khai maN c hoR N i nghiN uoMc teM Q Pakistan ngaO y 12411 nham %aOn $e\ cac iWn php %mi thiWn %hG sH% sf% /ho %ho tr e ;easuresb 6a$s to iprove %hilren’s health%are( toaO n ca\u. !heo %aO Bellamy, tXnh trng su$ inh `ng 'alnutritionb poor nutrition ( $aO thiQu hi^u iQt 'la%/ o# %hil%are /no6lege( Ua[ laO m ga\n 1K trieR N u tre em dXQ i 2 tuoVi treR n theM giQi cheMt moSi naY m do %% %Gn Wnh %H th^ ngGn ngPa 'preventale iseases( UXQNc nh` si7 tiu %hm$ ;easles7 iarrhea< . AieR N n coO n co hQn 1CK trieR N u thanh thieMu nieR n Ua pha\n laO cac %e ga i chXa %ao giQO UXQNc UeMn trXQO ng. @.2.@. !heo XQc t]nh cu a WA9 tXO nay UeMn naY m CK1K taN i ca c nXQ c chaR u &_ se[ co khoa ng 1K trieR Nu ngXQOi maZc Wnh ti^u M`jng ;iaetes(, trong Uo co @ieR N t 7am. !heo >ia o sX 7guyeS n 8aN nh Phan, chu tiNch 3Li ti %h thFnh ph 3 Ch "inh '3o Chi "inh Cit$ 3eart Asso%iation (, %eR N nh tieVu UXQO ng taY ng nhie\ u nhaMt laO taN i ca c thaO nh phoM lQ n, XQ c chXO ng 2j daRn soM. @.2. AoR N i nghiN toaOn ca\ u $e\ phoOng choMng caY n %eR Nnh theM ky &I6" Ua[ %aZt Ua\ u laO m $ieR Nc taN i thu UoR 8exico ity cu a 8exico sau nhX[ng ca nh %ao ra ng kha naY ng chieMn thaZ ng caY n %eR Nnh naO y coOn xa $QOi. ho UeMn nay Ua[ co hQn C2 trieR N u ngXQO i cheMt $]O caY n %eR Nnh theM ky &I6" keV tXO khi caYn %eR Nnh la\ n Ua\u tieRn xuaMt hieR N n naY m 1^L1. AieR N n co khoang GG trieR N u ngXQO i Uang soMng chung $Qi caY n %eR N nh naO y $aO ^Kj trong soM Uo laO Q ca c nXQ c ngheO o. !rong hai naY m ua Ua[ co moR N t noS lXN c lQ n UeV giu p UQ[ nhX[ng ngXQO i maZ c %eR N nh, nhXng UeMn nay mQ i co khoa ng G trieR N u %eR N nh nhaR n UXQNc tieMp xu c $Qi thuoMc choMn g laNi sXN pha t trieVn cu a $irus AI@. !TuAi TrB 5$ 54 2554 @.4. (roup presentation 28
Pick up some pieces of news on the topic of health care and diseases in either 5nglish or @ietnamese. Work in group of four or #i$e, process the information and present it in your own way. Aa$e your friends in the same group interpret it into the target language.
URT3&R -RACTIC& - "earch for more practice of listening and interpreting from the following we%site: http:44www.manythings.org4$oa4usa4HJ.html http:44www.%%c.co.uk4worldser$ice4learningenglish4general4sixminute4CK1K41141K1111`Jmin `men`weaker`sex`page.shtml
UNIT ,
"&"OR+ | NOT& 5 TAIN(
*anguage to #o%us, -rogress an *i#e >ualit$
-R&5INT&R-R&TIN( 29
'tu$ the #ollo6ing 6ors7 phrases an in the )ietnaese e!uivalents to the. to measure the progress of nations
market researchers >f3 79P door-to-door sur$eys respondents o$erall uality of life the “$ery happy” stakes got the wooden spoon key determinants re$eal a link ess happy population lower income groups or the unemployed #inancial security 8aterial comforts gadgets ranked comparati$ely low
.1 &N(*I'3 9 )I&TNA"&'& INT&R-R&TIN( &isten to the follo/ing tal0s in #nglish use memoriing and note9ta0ing techniues to interpret into #nglish.
.1.1. !he Unite Nations 3uan Developent -rogra has release its $earl$ stu$ on the uality of life for people around the world. !he <7 report was started in 1^^K to measure the progress of nations %ased on the li$es of their citi)ens. !his year0s report lists 1HG countries. It is %ased on the length of time citi)ens are expected to li$e, their education le$el and the amount of money they earn. 7orway was listed as the country pro$iding the %est uality of life for the second year. It was followed %y "weden, anada, Belgium, &ustralia and the
.1.2. &ccording to a new report %y the UN oo an Agri%ulture Organication, despite it %eing the twenty-#irst century, hunger and malnutrition still kill six million children a year. & surprising fact is that there are more alnourishe %hilren in su%-"aharan &frica today than in the 1^^Ks. !he <7 report says there were 1KH. million people on the verge o# starvation in 1^^C, a num%er that grew to CKG.2 million in CKKC. !he report states that hunger and malnutrition are the primary causes of po$erty, illiteracy, disease and deaths in de$eloping countries. It also highlights that the de$eloped world has not 30
pro$ided ae!uate ai to the povert$5stri%/en people. 8any children die from easily pre$enta%le diseases such as diarrhea, malaria and measles.
.1.4. &ccording to a new sur$ey unerta/en $ ar/et resear%hers7 &ustralians are the happiest people in the world. !he marketers conducted oor5to5oor surve$s and inter$iews with GK,KKK people in GK countries. !hey asked responents how satis#ied they were with their overall !ualit$ o# li#e . Jj of &ustralians proclaimed to %e “$ery happy” and expressed optimism a%out their future. /ollowing them in the ver$ happ$ sta/es was the <"& 'Kj(, 5gypt 'GJj(, India 'Gj( and the <3 and anada 'GCj(. Aungary got the 6ooen spoon7 #inishing the %ottom of the happiness chart. G2j of its citi)ens said they were either “disappointed” or “$ery unhappy”, followed %y Dussians at GKj. !he research demonstrated that money and age were /e$ eterinants in how happy people are. <hough the study could not pro$e money could %uy happiness, it did reveal a lin/ %etween a lack of money and unhappiness. *ess happ$ population were found among lo6er in%oe groups or the uneplo$e. !he study suggested the older we %ecome, the less happy we are. >lo%ally, teenagers are the happiest people. !he age group with the lowest le$el of happiness was 2K-2^ = only 1Jj of those in their #ifties said they were $ery happy. !he things that make us happy include good health, inan%ial se%urit$ and a happy marriage. "aterial %o#orts such as cars, clothes and gaget s ran/e %oparativel$ lo6.
.2 )I&TNA"&'& 9&N(*I'3 INT&R-R&TIN( &isten to the follo/ing pieces of ne/s in ietnamese use memoriing and note9ta0ing techniues to interpret into #nglish.
.2.1. Aai trieR N u ngXQO i %iN ngheO o do sHng thn. To laO keMt ua nghieR n cX u do 7gaR n haO ng theM giQi $XO a mQ i coR ng %oM. u[ ng theo nghieR n cX u naO y t]Onh traNng ngheOo khoV do song tha\n gaRy ra se[ phai maMt nhie\ u naYm mQ i khaZ c phuN c UXQNc. !raR Nn UoR N ng UaMt hoR m CJ41C4CKK Ua[ cXQ p Ui sinh maN ng cu a CHG.KKK ngXQO i $aO laO m C trieR N u ngXQO i kha c laR m $aOo ca nh ngheO o Uoi. Indonesia %iN a nh hXQ ng naY Nng ne\ nhaMt $Q i hQn 1 trieR Nu ngXQO i ngheO o. .2.2. !aNp ch] 5conomist $XO a %kng /Qt !um /hmo st %h_t l`ng sinh sng cu a 111 nXQ c treR n theM giQ i a trn %% tiu %h nhX thu nhSp Xnh !u\n Mu ng`ji , mX c UoR N thaMt nghieR N p, thQO i tieMt, t]Onh h]Onh sX c khoe , an ninh, s n MJnh %hnh trJ , Xnh M‚ng gii tnh , UQO i soMng gia U]Onh, coR N ng Uo\ ng, !heo Uo, Ireland UXQNc xeMp haN ng cao nhaMt, keM UeMn laO !huy N "][, 7a
CK12 treR n UXQNc xaRy dXNng treR n cQ sQ CG tieR u ch] kha c nhau tXO f% ML tLi ph o l% 'violen%e an %rie rate ( $aO %hi tiu !u\n s ;ilitar$ spening ( tQi moMi uan heR N $Qi ca c nXQc la ng gie\ ng $aO toR n troN ng nhaR n uye\ n.
.2.@. Bao cao $e\ ch] soM -ht tri^n %on ng`ji '3uan Developent Ine? Report ( naYm CKKJ cu a <76P Ua[ nhaZc tQ i @ieR N t 7am nhX moR Nt $] duN thaOnh coR ng trong l][nh $XN c pha t trieVn con ngXQOi, nu St tiQn L %~a )N trong Ua\u tX nXQ c $aO $eR N sinh. A6I laO thXQc Uo toVng hQN p cu a %a yeMu toM pha t trieVn con ngXQO i: soMng khoe $aO soMng laR u 'Uo %a ng tuoVi thoN(, UXQN c hoNc haO nh 'Uo %ang ty leR N %ieMt chX[ Q ngXQO i lQ n = ault litera%$ rate $aO ty leR N nhaR Np hoN c Q ca c caMp = enrolent rate at all levels( $aO co mXc soMn g toMt 'theV hieR N n ua mXc thu nhaR Np(. .4. (roup presentation, Pick up some pieces of news on the topic of ife uality and progress in either 5nglish or @ietnamese. Work in group of four or #i$e, process the information and present it in your own way. Aa$e your friends in the same group interpret it into the target language.
URT3&R -RACTIC& - "earch for more practice of listening and interpreting from the following we%site: http:44www.%%c.co.uk4worldser$ice4learningenglish4general4sixminute4CK1K4K^41KK^1J`Jmin `ageing`population`page.shtml
UNIT ,
"&"OR+ | NOT& 5 TAIN(
*anguage to #o%us, &u%ation Issues 32
-R&5INT&R-R&TIN( 'tu$ the #ollo6ing 6ors7 phrases an in the )ietnaese e!uivalents to the. - /ul%right grants - graduate students, to scholars and professionals &dministrators - - leaders in areas like %usiness, technology and politics - - /ul%right scholars or “/ul%righters” -li$ing costs -foreign go$ernments and pri$ate groups. -/ul%right grants -graduate students, to scholars and professionals administrators -leaders in areas like %usiness, technology and politics
-/ul%right scholars or “/ul%righters” li$ing costs -foreign go$ernments and pri$ate groups -impressi$e progress -closing the education gender gap -slipped %ackwards -stayed in place -rooted in culture and politics, -attitude towards education for women -to care for the younger si%lings
.1 &N(*I'3 9 )I&TNA"&'& INT&R-R&TIN( &isten to the follo/ing tal0s in #nglish aout education issues use memoriing and note9 ta0ing techniues to interpret into ietnamese.
.1.1. U*BRI(3T (RANT' /ul%right grants are gi$en to grauate stuents7 to s%holars an pro#essionals , and to teachers and ainistrators . !oday a%out J,KKK people each year recei$e the grants. People come to the
countries. !hey make sure the hosts understand that this programme is not designed for their inan%ial gain. If you are interested, you can apply for this programme.
.1.4 3O: TO B& A 'UCC&''U* 'TUD&NT !oday I0d like to talk a%out how to %e a successful student. /irst, you should disco$er who you are and what you want to %e. We all ha$e our own personalities, ualities, characters and relationships. &ll those things together make us who we are. It0s time to ask yourself: what kind of person do you want to %e; !hen ask yourself, what would you want to do; &nd what would your future look like; Aow can you make your dream come true; 9ne thing to do is to set a goal and make a plan to achie$e your goals. We all know that good things don0t happen o$ernight, %ut you ha$e to %e prepared. Write down your short-term goals and %reak them into weekly goals so you know exactly what you need to do each week. Eou will %e surprised how helpful this can %e. "ome pro*ects are small and can %e completed in a day. But then, there are %ig pro*ects like essays, reports, personal goals, dif#icult things that reuire planning, time and effort. When you #inish, you plan you shold start to do it. 9nce you get going, it0s much easier to continue. Eou can reward yourself with a treat, for example some healthy snack or game, for making progress on a pro*ect. Eou can work with a friend and encourage each other. Eou can design your own study schedule and stick to it. But %e in control. 6on0t interrupt your study time for phone calls or !@ shows. When you #inish studying, you should re$iew and check all completed tasks, mark un#inished tasks with a future date and get ready to do it the next day.
.1.@ (&ND&R (A- IN &DUCATION While some countries ha$e achie$ed ipressive progress to6ars %losing the eu%ation gener gap, others stayed in place or e$en slippe a%/6ars. & new study of 1GC countries shows that the gender gap in education is especially wide in some parts of the 8iddle 5ast, "outh 5ast &sia and su% "aharan &frica. In 21 countries where the education gender gap is signi#icant, H2 million fewer girls than %oys are enrolled in school. /or example, in Pakistan almost all little %oys go to primary school %ut fewer than half of girls do. !he study also shows that the differences in s%hool enrolent rates are often roote in %ulture an politi%s , especially in attitue to6ars eu%ation #or 6oen . In India, for example, there0s a saying that educating a girl is like watering your neigh%our0s garden. "ometimes, girls ha$e to lea$e school early to get married or %are #or the $ounger silings.
.2 )I&TNA"&'& 9 &N(*I'3 INT&R-R&TIN( &isten to the follo/ing pieces of ne/s in ietnamese and interpret into #nglish.
.2.1 !heo %a o ca o mQi UaR y cu a T %hf% vGn ho7 /hoa h„%7 gio % *3> '<75"9( treRn theM giQ i hieR N n co 1KK trieR N u ngXQO i y %hE. !rong Uo 2,2j laO daR n chaR u &_ !hai B]Onh 6XQng. a c nXQ c co ty leR N muO chX[ cao nhaMt chaRu luN c naO y laO &n UoR N 'G,Jj(, Bangladesh 'J,Lj(, Pakistan 'J,Cj( $aO Indonesia 'C,j(. 34
Ba n %a o ca o co teR n laO (i st tXnh hXnh gio % toFn %u 200 ;200 'urve$ on (loal &u%ation( cho %ieMt cac uoMc gia nhX !rung uoMc, Brunei, 8acao, 8aldi$ies, "ingapo $aO !hai an se[ nhanh chong gia m %Q t soM ngXQO i muO chX[ do nhX[ ng noS lXNc $e\ giao duN c cu a m]Onh. !heo <75"9, ngoaOi tac UoR Nng cu a thieR n tai, th]O mXc hoN c ph] cao ' high s%hool #ee7 tuition #ee (, chaMt lXQN ng gia o duN c ke m ' poor eu%ation !ualit$ ( $aO ngaRn sach giao duNc ]t oi ' liite eu%ation uget ( Ua[ UaVy ty leR N muO chX[ taY ng cao. ! Thanh iIn0 5$ 57 255$
.2.2 !rong naY m hoNc CKKH-CKKL, ch]nh phu B] Fnh @0 su_t h„% oVng toaOn pha\n cho coRng daRn @ieR N t 7am muoMn theo hoNc ca c chXQng tr]Onh UaOo taNo thaNc s][ $aO tieMn s][ 'master and doctor4 Ph.6 program( phoMi hQN p taNi ca c trXQO ng UaNi hoNc cu a B]. AoN c %oVng %ao go\m phuN caMp haO ng tha ng, $e ma y %ay khX ho\ i, %a o hieVm y teM cQ %an, hoN c ph] $aO cac khoan leR N ph] %aZt %uoR N c kha c. !rong moR N t soM trXQO ng hQN p, ca c chi ph] nghieR n %fu th% MJa ;iel stu$( cu[ng se[ UXQN c hoS trQN. !heo XQ c t]nh, hieR N n nay co khoa ng hQn GL,KKK hoN c sinh @ieR N t 7am Uang hoN c taR Np taN i ca c nXQc treR n theM giQ i. .2.4 7gaOy 41, i sf !un 3oa … ti )iWt Na m thoRng %ao hXQng tr]Onh hoNc %oVng /ul%right laMy %ang thaNc s][ taNi 8y[ naYm hoNc CK1H- CK1L ' ulright '%holarship -rogra #or aster egree #or a%aei% $ear 201†52018< . AoNc %oVng %ao go\m toaOn %oR N hoNc ph], trQN caMp haO ng tha ng, $e ma y %ay khX ho\ i UeMn 8y[ $aO %a o hieVm y teM. 7gXQO i UXQN c caMp hoN c %oVn g se[ theo hoN c chXQng tr]Onh thaN c s][ taN i cac trXQO ng UaN i hoN c Aoa 3yO %aZt Ua\ u $aO o naYm hoNc CK1H-CK1L. hXQng tr]Onh /ul%right UXQNc thaO nh laR Np naY m 1^J $Qi nguo\ n taO i trQN tXO ch]nh phu 8y[ $Qi muN c tieR u tGng %`jng hi^u iQt l‡n nhau 'enhan%e utual unerstaning ( thoRng ua trao Mi vGn ho vF gio % '%ultural an eu%ational e?%hanges (. .4. (roup presentation : Work in group and process the information from an article on the topic of education 'the article will %e gi$en %y the teacher or chosen %y the class(. Present the information in a form of a speech or talk show. "tudents from the other groups will work as interpreters for the speaker.
URT3&R -RACTIC& - "earch for more practice of listening and interpreting from the following we%site: http:44www.%%c.co.uk4worldser$ice4learningenglish4general4sixminute4CK1K4K^41KK^CG`Jmin `top`uni$ersity`page.shtml
URT3&R -RACTIC& OR )I&TNA"&'& 9 &N(*I'3 INT&R-R&TIN( 35
1. 8oR N t soM hoaN t UoR N ng Uang chu y trong sXN kieR N n naO y %ao go\ m tri^n lˆ $Qi chu Ue\ ThiIn nhiIn miUn bVc nMc ga, $aO chXQng tr]Onh hoOa nhaN c cu a ca c ngheR N s][ th]nh phoOng noVi tieMng. 7hX[ ng
7gaOy @aYn hoa 7ga taNi @ieR N t 7am se[ dieS n ra taN i AaO noR N i $aO thaO nh phoM Ao\ h] 8inh tXO ngaO y 2 UeMn ngaO y 1K41K. 2. !uN c leR N ngaZm hoa anh UaO o co tXO thQO i 7ara cach UaR y ca ngaO n naY m, nhXng UeMn Ua\ u theM ky 1H
cu a thQO i kyO 5do hoa anh UaO o mQ i UXQN c tro\ ng phoV %ieMn taN i ca c coRng $ieR n taN o thaO nh nhX[ ng laO ng hoa anh UaO o, nQi dieS n ra ca c leS hoR N i hoa ngaO y nay. !rong cac leS hoR Ni, ngXQO i daR n 7haR Nt thXQO ng toV chX c picnic, ngaZ m hoa, troO chuyeR N n ca ha t ca ngaO y laSn UeR m. AoN thXQng thXc cac mon aY n truye\ n thoMn g nhX sushi $aO uoMn g rXQN u sake. ). eS hoR N i &qm thXN c $aO @aY n hoa haR u &_ CK1L se[ laO moR N t Mi^ nh_n Mng %h ‰ trong 7aYm du liNch
uoMc gia CK1L 'National Touris +ear ( $Q i chu Ue\ “AaN ong 6i sa n, 3yO uan = TieVm UeMn thaR n thieR N n” 'Aa ong Aeritag , Wonder = /riendly 6estination( . eS hoR N i naO y se[ UXQN c toV chX c haO ng naY m nham thu hu t ngaO y caO ng nhie\u du kha c uoMc teM UeR n $Q i @ieR Nt 7am cu[ng nhX Ua p X ng nhu ca\u $ui chQi - aVm thXN c cu a ngXQO i @ieR N t. (. TeMn thaYm khu du liNch sinh thai !raOng &n, du khach se[ trai nghieR N m tXO ng cung %aR Nc ca m xu c,
kha m pha $e UeN p tuyeR N t $QOi cuO ng $Qi %a\ u khoRng kh] $oR cuO ng thanh loNc. "XN keMt hoN p cu a ca c loaNi h]Onh du liNch nhX: u lJ%h sinh thi7 u lJ%h t\ linh7 u lJ%h /h ph i t%h lJ%h s€, Ua[ taN o neR n nhX[ ng tour du liNch phong phu , haMp daS n. "XN phuN c $uN nhieR N t t]Onh, chu Uao, thaRn thieR N n cua UoR N i ngu[ hXQ ng daS n $ieR n $aO ngXQO i daR n UiNa phXQng luoR n laO m haO i loO ng du kha ch. $. "aO i >oO n khoRng ch] noVi tieMng %Q i nhX[ ng toO a nhaO choN c trQO i hay nhX[ ng khu trung taR m mua saZm
trang leR N , no coO n UXQN c %ieMt UeMn $Qi Lt nn [ th% phong ph7 Ma ng . ac mon ngon khoRng ch] UXQN c phuN c $uN trong nhX[ ng nhaO haO ng, ua n aY n sang troN ng maO ngay ca treR n $]a heO. ac mon aYn $aY Nt $]a heO "aOi >oOn co moR Nt mX c gia %]Onh daRn nhXng hXQng $iN mon aYn ngon tuyeR N t maO ai Ua[ tXO ng neMm ua th]O khoRng deS daO ng ueR n UXQN c. 8. !heo ?E WX hEi 'n,onesia, soM ngXQO i thieR N t maN ng Q Padang $aO ca c $uO ng xung uanh Ua[ taY ng UeMn 2C^ ngXQOi. 7hie\ u trXQO ng hoN c, khach saN n, %eR Nnh $ieR N n $aO haO ng ngaO n ngoR i nhaO bY sCp hoZn toZn coOn ch[n &\i nhie\ u ngXQOi ,Mi DJng DA n@t . !hoRng tin lieRn laNc bY cVt D]t $aO mXa lQ n Uang gaR y kho khaYn cho c[ng t@c c]u hE $aO thJng I tAng thiKt hGi trong $uO ng UoR N ng UaMt. 6. "XN kieR N n >iQO tra i UaMt %aZt Ua\u tXO naY m CKKH Q "ydney '&ustralia(, soM ngXQOi tham gia ch]
khoang C trieR N u ngXQO i. "au Uo , nhQO ca c ph`ng tiWn tru$n thkng cuO ng $Qi thkng MiWp ‰ nghza thiQt th% , UeMn nay Ua[ co hQn 1 ty ngXQO i $aO ga\ n .KKK thaO nh phoM treR n theM giQ i tham gia. 8aY Nc duO moSi uoMc gia co nhX[ ng hot MLng7 tu$n tru$n kha c nhau, song taMt ca Ue\ u hXQ ng UeMn muN c tieR u chung nham n\ng %ao nhSn thf% %ho %Lng Mng trong $ieR N c tieMt kieR Nm UieR N n naY ng, gim l`ng /h thmi CO2 '%aron eission( ra moRi trXQO ng. 4. "ang nay mXa tieMp tuNc trt ?ung thaO nh phoM sau khi taN m ngQ t $aO o toMi 114J, gaRy ngaR Np luN t trQ
laN i Q nhie\u khu $XN c. AieR Nn chXa co %a o ca o $e\ %% v l M_t i . 7haO chXc tra ch Ua[ sQ ta n haO ng traYm ngXQO i UeMn ca c trXQO ng hoNc xaR y %ang %eR toR ng. 'e$acuate4 remo$e( h]nh phu $aO 36
ca c toV chX c tXO thieR N n Ua[ phaR n phat nXQc $aO thXNc phaVm cho khoa ng 1.KKK ngXQO i %iN maMt nhaO cXa. 7. !heo nhaR Nn xe t cu a ca c chuyeR n gia 7haR N t Ba n UeMn kha o sa t t]Onh traNng k nhiK ki tr`jng
taNi @ieR N t 7am ho\i tha ng H $XO a ua, moR i trXQO ng nXQ c ta co nhie\ u $aMn Ue\ nghieR m troN ng. Nn k nhiK n`%7 /hkng /h vF l`ng r% thmi gia tGng 'increasing amount of garbage ( laO moR Nt soM $aMn Ue\ raMt Uang lXu taRm ' ma^or concern( cua @ieR N t 7am. 15. BeR N nh soMt re t chu yeMu o uŠi tru$n , co lieR n uan chaY Nt che[ $Qi moRi trXQO ng soMng. @ieR N t
7am, %eR N nh naO y xa y ra uanh naY m, nhXng taR Np trung nhaMt laO $aO o muO a mXa, %eR N nh lXu haO nh chu yeMu Q $uO ng rXO ng, cao nguyeR n, Uo\ i nu i. BeR Nnh soMt re t khi xuaMt hieR N n, neMu khoR ng co nhX[ ng %ieR Nn phap ngaYn chaY Nn kiNp thQO i trong coR Nng Uo\ng se[ gaR y ra nhX[ ng t]Onh traNng laRy lan roR N ng ra[i. 11. a c nhaO nghieR n cX u Ua[ phaR n t]ch dX[ lieR N u tXO JC1 trXQO ng hQN p ung thX tuyeMn tie\n lieR Nt $aO 1.CK2
trXQO ng hQN p ung thX $u . BeR n caN nh Uo, C.KKK ngXQO i khoR ng %iN ung thX 'ca nam laS n nX[ ( cu[ ng UXQN c UXa $aO o dX[ lieR N u nghieR n cXu. 3eMt ua nghieR n cXu cho thaMy, nhX[ng ngXQOi aY n toMi trXQ c C1g co nguy cQ maZ c ung thX $u $aO ung thX tuyeMn tie\n lieR Nt thaMp hQn CKj so $Q i nhX[ ng ngXQO i aYn toMi sau CCg hoaY Nc Ui ngu ngay sau khi aY n toMi. a c ta c gia cu a nghieR n cX u lXu y ra ng, Uie\ u naOy co theV tac UoR Nng maN nh UeMn ca c ne\ n $aYn ho a, cha ng haN n nhX Q 7am & u = nQi ngXQO i daR n co xu hXQ ng aYn toMi treS . 12. Bang xeMp haNng $e\ ch] soM AoOa %]Onh !oaO n ca\ u naYm CK12 treR n UXQN c xaR y dXN ng treR n cQ sQ CG tieR u
ch] kha c nhau tXO f% ML tLi ph o l% 'violen%e an %rie rate ( $aO %hi tiu !u\n s ;ilitar$ spening( tQ i moMi uan heR N $Qi ca c nXQc la ng gie\ng $aO toR n troN ng nhaR n uye\ n. !heo %a ng xeMp haN ng >PI CK12, chaR u & u laO khu $XN c co nhie\ u uoMc gia hoOa %]Onh nhaMt theM giQ i. !rong Uo, Iceland laO uoMc gia hoOa %]Onh nhaMt theM giQ i. 7gXQN c laNi, "yria laO nXQ c %aNo loaN n nhaMt theM giQ i khi UX ng Q $iN tr] 1JC trong %ang xeMp haNng. 1). !heo XQ c t]nh, hieR N n nay co khoa ng hQn GL,KKK hoN c sinh @ieR Nt 7am Uang hoN c taR Np taN i ca c nXQ c
treR n theM giQi. AoNc sinh, sinh $ieRn @ieR N t 7am thXQOng mong muoMn Ui hoN c taNi cac nXQ c &nh, 8y[, anada, &ustralia. >a\ n UaR y hoN co xu hXQ ng Ui sang ca c nXQ c chaRu &_ nhX 7haR Nt Ba n, !rung uoMc, AaOn uoMc, "ingapore, !hai an, 8alaysia. 7goaOi ra coOn moR Nt soM nXQc kha c Q chaR u & u nhX Pha p, TX c, AaO an, !huy N "][, 7ga. !hoR ng tin tXO ca c cuoR Nc trieVn la[ m du hoN c cho thaMy soM ngXQO i muoMn hoN c taN i 8y[ chieMm khoa ng CJ,Gj, &nh 1L,Hj, &ustralia 1Kj, "ingapore ^j 1(. hXQng tr]Onh /ul%right UXQNc thaO nh laR Np naY m 1^J $Qi nguo\ n taO i trQN tXO ch]nh phu 8y[ $Qi
muN c tieR u tGng %`jng hi^u iQt l‡n nhau 'enhan%e utual unerstaning ( thoRng ua trao Mi vGn ho vF gio % '%ultural an eu%ational e?%hanges (. hXQng tr]Onh /ul%right khuyeMn kh]ch cac ngaOnh khoa hoNc xa[ hoR N i $aO nhaR n $aY n nhX Aoa 3yO hoN c, giao duN c, truye\n thoRng, %ao ch], uan heR N uoMc teM, coRng ta c xa[ hoR Ni, ch]nh sach coR ng, kinh teM, sX c khoe coR N ng Uo\ng, gia ng daN y tieMng &nh, nghieR n cX u $e\ giQ i $aO phuN nX[ Qc t]nh haOng naYm co khoa ng CK -C2 hoNc %oVng du hoN c toaO n pha\ n UXQN c trao taY Nng. 3eV tXO naY m 1^^C, co khoang 2KK sinh $ieRn @ieR N t 7am Ua[ UXQNc choN n lXN a tham gia chXQng tr]Onh. 37
1$. 7ghieR n cX u mQ i UaR y cu a ca c nhaO khoa hoN c AaO an cho thaMy nhX[ ng ngXQO i thXQO ng xuyeR n tieMp
xu c $Q i khoR ng kh] %iN oR nhieS m se[ co nguy cQ ua UQO i sQ m hQn so $Q i nhX[ ng ngXQO i kha c. !heo nhX CC nghieR n cX u $e\ sXc khoe cu a GJH.KKK ngXQO i Q 1G uoMc gia !aR y & u, ca c chuyeR n gia thuoR Nc TaNi hoN c
chaY Nn loaN i vi rt !ui % naOy. 16. 7hXng dXQO ng nhX nhX[ ng g]O con ngXQO i laO m mQ i ch] laO %XQ c Ua\u, daSu ra ng Q moR N t $aO i nQi, “toMc
UoR N ” laR y lan cua diNch AI@ Ua[ %iN chaR Nm laNi. 3hu $XNc "ahara cu a haR u Phi $aS n laO nQi %iN AI@ taMn coRng naY Nng ne\ nhaMt, hieR N n $aSn chieMm JGj toMng soM ngXQOi Uang mang AI@ cu a theM giQ i+ HCj soM ngXQO i cheMt do &I6" trong naY m CKKJ laO ngXQOi daR n cu a khu $XN c naO y. 14. Bao cao cua <7&I6" $aO WA9 nhaR Nn xe t, !uan hW tXnh % %yng gii7 tXnh trng ua n
\ /hkng an toFn laO nhX[ ng yeMu toM laO m taYng diNch AI@4&I6" Q ToRng 7am &_ . !aNi !rung uoMc, nXQc UoRng daRn nhaMt theM giQ i, trong naY m CKKJ maY Nc duO ca c cQ uan chXc naY ng Ua[ co nhX[ ng noS lXNc lQ n trong $ieR N c taY ng cXQO ng cac %ieR N n phap chX[ng laN i diNch, nhXng diNch AI@ $aSn tieMp tuN c laR y lan trong ca c nhom co nguy cQ cao nhaMt nhX: ngXQOi tieR m ch]ch ma tuy, ngXQO i %an daR m $aO tXO Uo laR y ra coR N ng Uo\ng. Bang chX ng laO soM phuN nX[ nhieS m AI@ ngaO y caO ng taY ng leR n. 17. AieR N n taNi XQc t]nh co H,2 trieR N u ngXQO i %iN nhieS m AI@ Q chaRu &_ !B6. a c chuyeR n gia y teM cho ra ng
%eR N nh &I6" Uang laRy lan Q cac nXQc chaR u &_ nhanh hQn %aMt kyO khu naOo treR n theM giQ i.h] co G nXQ c co t] leR N nhieS m %eR N nh &I6" hQn 1j, moR N t soM nXQ c kha c co t] leR N nhieS m cXN c cao Q moR Nt soM nhom daRn cX. 25. !heo ca c chuyeR n gia, co raMt nhie\u nguyeR n nhaR n laO m laR y lan caY n %eR Nnh &I6" Q khu $XN c naO y %ao
go\m: uan heR N t]Onh duN c khoRng an toaO n, sX duN ng ma tuy, cho $aO %a n ma u khoRng an toaOn. AoN cho rang t]Onh h]Onh nhieSm %eR N nh khoRng ch] giQ i haNn trong ca c nhom co nguy cQ cao naO y. @ieR Nc laRy lan %eR N nh &I6" UeMn ca c nhom daR n thXQO ng se[ sQm xa y ra. a c nXQ c chaRu &_ !B6 ca\ n co ngay nhX[ ng chXQng tr]Onh phoOng choMng &I6" hieR N u ua UeV co theV ngaY n ngXO a sXN %uO ng phat naOy. 21. @ieR N t 7am $XO a UXQN c toV chXc 7ews 5conomics /oundation '75/( co truN sQ Q &nh xeMp $aO o top
2 nXQ c haN nh phu c nhaMt theM giQ i naY m CKK^ $aO laO nXQ c chaRu &_ duy nhaMt co maY Nt trong top 1K.!heo %ang xeMp haNng “Aappy Planet Index” 'h] soM AaOnh tinh AaNnh phuc - API( cua 75/, 38
osta Dica laO nQi haN nh phu c nhaMt UeV soMng. on ngXQO i taNi osta Dica, uoMc gia 8y[ atinh ch] co 2 trieR N u daR n, UXQN c cho laO co ca c ch] soM haOi loOng $e\ cuoR N c soMng cao nhaMt theM giQ i. 22. 7goaO i UX ng Ua\ u $e\ ch] soM haN nh phu c, osta Dica coO n UXng thX hai $e\ tuoVi thoN - ch] sau anada. Tie\u ngaN c nhieRn laO trong !op 1K uoMc gia co ch] soM API cao nhaMt, co UeMn ^ nXQc 8y[ atinh '^ out of 1K countries with the highest API rankings(: "au osta Dica laO 6ominica, Famaica, >uatemala, olom%ia, u%a, 5l "al$ador, Bra)il $aO Aonduras. 2). API UXQN c xem laO ca ch Uanh gia toMt hQn ca c ch] soM nhX >6P '!oVn g sa n phaVm noR Ni UiNa( hay A6I
'h] soM pha t trieVn con ngXQOi(. 7hX[ ng khac %ieR N t theV hieR N n ua API cho thaMy, con ngXQOi $aS n co theV soMng thoN $aO haN nh phu c nhXng ta c UoR Nng UeMn moR i trXQO ng ]t hQn. !heo nghieR n cX u naY m nay cu a 75/, ngXQO i daR n Q 8y[ atinh tieR u thuN ]t taOi nguyeRn hQn $aO co cuoR Nc soMng gia U]Onh cuOng nhX[ ng moMi gaZn keMt xa[ hoR Ni toMt UeNp hQn so $Q i ca c nXQ c phXQng !aR y. 2(. @ieR N t 7am xeMp Q $iN tr] thX 2 $e\ ch] soM haN nh phu c $aO laO uoMc gia chaR u &_ duy nhaMt co maY Nt trong
top 1K naO y. chaRu &_ , !rung uoMc UX ng thX CK trong %a ng xeMp haNng API, "ingapore thX ^, AaO n uoMc thX JL, 7haR Nt Ban thX H2. 7XQ c giaO nh $iN tr] cao nhaMt cu a khu $XNc chaR u & u laO AaO an - soM G. 8y[ UX ng 11 trong soM 1G uoMc gia UXQN c nghieRn cX u trong danh sa ch naO y. 2$. API khoRng t]nh UeMn kh]a caN nh giaO u co laO m tieR u chuaVn haNnh phu c duy nhaMt, maO taR Np trung $aO o
ca c nhaRn toM kha c nhX tuoVi thoN, mX c UoR N thoa ma[ n cuoR Nc soMng cua ngXQOi daR n so $Qi mXc UoR N tieRu hao taOi nguyeRn $aO kha naYng tai taNo cua heR N sinh tha i.
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