Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
Answer 1) a) Frequency distribution for the different variables
Awareness Valid
N
Missing
Loyalty
Attitude
Preference
Intention
44
44
44
44
1
1
1
1
Mean
4.18
3.95
4.07
4.23
4.05
Median
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
6
5
3
4
3
Std. Deviation
1.883
1.684
1.910
1.538
1.711
Variance
3.548
2.835
3.646
2.366
2.928
6
6
6
6
6
Mode
Range
AWARENESS Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
1
5
11.1
11.4
11.4
2
5
11.1
11.4
22.7
3
6
13.3
13.6
36.4
4
7
15.6
15.9
52.3
5
7
15.6
15.9
68.2
6
10
22.2
22.7
90.9
7
4
8.9
9.1
100.0
44
97.8
100.0
1
2.2
45
100.0
Total Missing Total
9
1
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
LOYALTY Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
1
2
4.4
4.5
4.5
2
10
22.2
22.7
27.3
3
7
15.6
15.9
43.2
4
5
11.1
11.4
54.5
5
11
24.4
25.0
79.5
6
7
15.6
15.9
95.5
7
2
4.4
4.5
100.0
44
97.8
100.0
1
2.2
45
100.0
Total Missing
9
Total
ATTITUDE Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
1
5
11.1
11.4
11.4
2
4
8.9
9.1
20.5
3
10
22.2
22.7
43.2
4
8
17.8
18.2
61.4
5
4
8.9
9.1
70.5
6
7
15.6
15.9
86.4
7
6
13.3
13.6
100.0
44
97.8
100.0
1
2.2
45
100.0
Total Missing Total
9
2
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
PREFERENCE Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
1
1
2.2
2.3
2.3
2
5
11.1
11.4
13.6
3
8
17.8
18.2
31.8
4
13
28.9
29.5
61.4
5
7
15.6
15.9
77.3
6
6
13.3
13.6
90.9
7
4
8.9
9.1
100.0
44
97.8
100.0
1
2.2
45
100.0
Total Missing
9
Total
INTENTION Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
1
4
8.9
9.1
9.1
2
3
6.7
6.8
15.9
3
11
24.4
25.0
40.9
4
9
20.0
20.5
61.4
5
7
15.6
15.9
77.3
6
6
13.3
13.6
90.9
7
4
8.9
9.1
100.0
44
97.8
100.0
1
2.2
45
100.0
Total Missing Total
9
3
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
CALCULATION OF RELEVANT STATISTIC: MEAN, STD. DEVIATION Case Processing Summary Cases Included N
Excluded
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
Awareness
44
97.8%
1
2.2%
45
100.0%
Attitude
44
97.8%
1
2.2%
45
100.0%
Preference
44
97.8%
1
2.2%
45
100.0%
Intention
44
97.8%
1
2.2%
45
100.0%
Loyalty
44
97.8%
1
2.2%
45
100.0%
Preference
Intention
Report Awareness Mean
Loyalty
4.18
4.07
4.23
4.05
3.95
44
44
44
44
44
1.883
1.910
1.538
1.711
1.684
N Std. Deviation
Attitude
b) Cross-tabulation of the usage with Sex Case Processing Summary Cases Valid N Sex * Usage
Missing
Percent 45
N
Total
Percent
100.0%
0
N
0.0%
Percent 45
100.0%
Usage * Sex Cross tabulation Count Usage Light (1) Sex Total
Heavy (3)
Total Medium (2)
1
14
5
5
24
2
5
11
5
21
19
16
10
45
Notation used : 1-Female, 2- Male
We can infer from the above data that usage of NIKE is heavy amongst male population. Females, on the other hand, are light users of NIKE. The female usage rate is same for both heavy and medium. Similarly, for male population, light and medium users are same.
4
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
c) Test for awareness of Nike exceeding 3.0
Case Processing Summary Cases Included N Awareness
Excluded
Percent 44
N
Total
Percent
97.8%
1
N
2.2%
Percent 45
100.0%
Report Awareness Mean
N
Std. Deviation
4.18
44
1.883
One-Sample Test Test Value = 3 t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
Difference Lower
Awareness
4.162
43
.000
1.182
Upper .61
1.75
Null hypothesis, H 0: µ ≤ 3 Alternate hypothesis, H1: µ > 3.0 A=0.05 We find that the t-value is greater than 3 and the value lies in the rejection region. Therefore, we reject the hypothesis and effectively conclude that the awareness is greater than 3.
5
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
d) T-Test for awareness, attitude and loyalty for male and female Group Statistics Sex
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Awareness Attitude Preference Intention Loyalty
1
23
3.57
1.903
.397
2
21
4.86
1.652
.360
1
24
3.58
1.998
.408
2
20
4.65
1.663
.372
1
24
3.92
1.412
.288
2
20
4.60
1.635
.366
1
24
4.13
1.941
.396
2
20
3.95
1.432
.320
1
23
4.17
1.696
.354
2
21
3.71
1.678
.366
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality
t-test for Equality of
of Variances
Means
F Equal variances assumed Awareness
Sig. 1.249
t .270
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed
Attitude
.395
.533
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed
Preference
.828
.368
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed
Intention
3.899
.055
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed
Loyalty
.014
Equal variances not assumed
6
.905
df
-2.394
42
-2.410
41.903
-1.900
42
-1.933
42.000
-1.488
42
-1.468
37.865
.334
42
.344
41.451
.902
42
.903
41.719
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
Independent Samples Test t-test for Equality of Means Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean
Std. Error
95%
Difference
Difference
Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
Equal variances assumed Awareness
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed
Attitude
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed
Preference
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed
Intention
Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed
Loyalty
Equal variances not assumed
.021
-1.292
.540
-2.381
.020
-1.292
.536
-2.374
.064
-1.067
.561
-2.200
.060
-1.067
.552
-2.181
.144
-.683
.459
-1.610
.150
-.683
.466
-1.626
.740
.175
.524
-.882
.733
.175
.509
-.853
.372
.460
.509
-.568
.372
.460
.509
-.568
Independent Samples Test t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Upper Awareness Attitude Preference Intention Loyalty
Equal variances assumed
-.203
Equal variances not assumed
-.210
Equal variances assumed
.066
Equal variances not assumed
.047
Equal variances assumed
.243
Equal variances not assumed
.259
Equal variances assumed
1.232
Equal variances not assumed
1.203
Equal variances assumed
1.487
Equal variances not assumed
1.487
7
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
H0: µ (male)=µ (female) H1: µ (male)≠ µ (female) á=0.05 1. Awareness- The p-value is .021<0.05, so we reject H0. There is a significant difference in t he awareness levels of male and female population. 2. Attitude- The p-value is .064>0.05, so we acce pt H0. There is no significant difference in the attitude in the population. 3. Loyalty- The p-value is greater than 0.05 so we accept H0.
e. Paired test of Awareness and loyalty
Paired Samples Statistics Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
Awareness
4.21
43
1.897
.289
Loyalty
3.98
43
1.697
.259
Paired Samples Correlations N Pair 1
Awareness &Loyalty
Correlation 43
Sig.
.068
.664
Paired Samples Test Paired Differences Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
95%
Mean
Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
Pair 1
Awareness - Loyalty
.233
2.458
8
.375
-.524
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
Paired Samples Test Paired Differences
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Upper Pair 1
Awareness - Loyalty
.989
.621
42
.538
H0: µ (Awareness)<=µ (loyalty) H1: µ (Awareness)> µ (loyalty) á=0.05 We reject H0 due to the significance level. So there is higher aw areness than loyalty.
f. Awareness distribution for Nike Statistics Awareness Valid
N
184
Missing
0
Mean
5.01
Median
5.00
Mode
6
Std. Deviation
1.554
Variance
2.415
Range
6
Awareness Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
1
5
2.7
2.7
2.7
2
10
5.4
5.4
8.2
3
18
9.8
9.8
17.9
4
28
15.2
15.2
33.2
5
35
19.0
19.0
52.2
6
60
32.6
32.6
84.8
7
28
15.2
15.2
100.0
184
100.0
100.0
Total
9
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
As we can clearly see that the awareness does not exactly follow normal distribution.
g) Preference distribution curve for Nike Statistics Preference N
Valid Missing
183 1
Mean
4.64
Median
5.00
Mode
4
Std. Deviation
1.479
Variance
2.186
Range
6
10
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
Preference Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid
1
2
1.1
1.1
1.1
2
16
8.7
8.7
9.8
3
17
9.2
9.3
19.1
4
54
29.3
29.5
48.6
5
37
20.1
20.2
68.9
6
35
19.0
19.1
88.0
7
22
12.0
12.0
100.0
183
99.5
100.0
1
.5
184
100.0
Total Missing Total
9
11
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
The graph does not always follow normal distribution
h) Nonparametric Tests for checking the awareness when ordinal scale is taken.
Hypothesis Test Summary Null Hypothesis 1
Test
Sig.
Independent The distribution of Awareness of -Samples Nike is the same across categories MannSex. Whitney U Test
.025 of
Decision Reject the null hypothesis.
The significance level is 0.05
i) Nonparametric Tests for checking the loyalty when ordinal scale is taken.
Hypothesis Test Summary Null Hypothesis
Test
1
Sig.
Independent -Samples MannWhitney U Test
The distribution of Loyalty for Nike is the same across categories of Sex.
Decision
Retain the .332 null hypothesis.
The significance level is 0.05
j. Paired test for comparing Attitude and loyalty towards Nike when ordinal scale is taken.
Paired Samples Statistics Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Attitude toward Pair 1
Nike Loyalty for Nike
4.07
43
1.932
.295
3.93
43
1.696
.259
12
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
Paired Samples Correlations N Pair 1
Attitude toward Nike &
Correlation 43
Loyalty for Nike
Sig.
.081
.604
Paired Samples Test Paired Differences Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error
95%
Mean
Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
Pair 1
Attitude toward Nike Loyalty for Nike
.140
2.465
.376
-.619
Paired Samples Test Paired
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Differences 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Upper Pair 1
Attitude toward Nike - Loyalty
.898
for Nike
.371
42
.712
Null hypothesis, H0: µ (Awareness)<=µ (loyalty) Alternate hypothesis, H1: µ (Awareness)> µ (loyalty) At α=0.05, we accept H0 due to the significance level. So we conclude that awareness is not greater t han loyalty.
13
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
2. a) Null hypothesis, H0: µ ≤ 3.0 Alternate hypothesis, H 1: µ > 3.0 Level of Significance (α) = 0.05 One-Sample Test Test Value = 3 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Mean t Preference for
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
2.893
Outdoors
29
Difference
.007
Lower
1.033
Upper .30
1.76
P (t-calc) 0 0.007 < 0.05 Therefore, reject H0
(b) One-Sample Statistics N Enjoying Nature
Mean 30
Std. Deviation
4.60
Std. Error Mean
1.868
.341
One-Sample Test Test Value = 3.5 t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
Mean Difference
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower
Enjoying Nature
3.225
29
.003
We take level of significance, α=0.05 Here, calculated significance=.003 As, 0.05>.003, we make an inference that the H0 can be rejected.
14
1.100
Upper .40
1.80
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
c) Null hypothesis, H0: µm = µw Alternate hypothesis, H1: µm ≠ µw α=0.05 Reject H0 if tcalc > tcritical = 2.048 (df=28 , α=0.05/2) Group Statistics Sex of Responden t Preference for Outdoors
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Female
15
4.07
2.251
.581
Male
15
4.00
1.690
.436
tcalc = 0.092 < 2.0484 Hence, we do not reject H0
(d)
Group Statistics Sex of Respondent
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Female
15
3.07
1.163
.300
Male
15
6.13
.915
.236
Female
15
3.53
1.846
.477
Male
15
3.67
1.676
.433
Female
15
3.73
1.280
.330
Male
15
5.33
1.589
.410
Female
15
3.27
1.710
.441
Male
15
3.93
1.624
.419
Female
15
2.93
1.624
.419
Male
15
4.80
1.656
.428
Enjoying Nature
Relating to Weather
Harmony with Environment
Exercising Regularly
Meeting People
15
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
Here, t (critical) = 2.0484 Looking at the t (calculated) values we can draw conclusions that importance attached to V2, V4 and V6 differ for males and females.
e)
Testing at significance level α=0.05 we observe the p-value (Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.026) is less than α. Hence we conclude that the participants place more importance to enjoying nature then on nature.
(f)
Paired Samples Statistics Mean
N
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Relating to Weather
3.60
30
1.734
.317
Meeting People
3.87
30
1.871
.342
Pair 1
Paired Samples Correlations N Pair 1
Relating to Weather &
Correlation 30
Meeting People
16
.398
Sig. .030
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
We assume level of significance, α=0.05 As calculated significance is .467 which is way higher than 0.05; we conclude that the respondents don’t distinguish between weather and meeting other people.
g) Testing at a significance level, α=0.05, we observe the p-value (of = 0.014) is less than α. Hence we conclude that the participants place more importance to living in ‘harmony with the environment’ than they do to ‘exercising regularly’.
h)
17
Debsoumo Das (PGP29370), Section-G
Assignment on SPSS (MM II)
i)
As calculated, the level of significance is .465 which .05. This helps us make an inference that the respondents don’t attach much importance to weather than meeting people.
18