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WHAT DO YO !"OW A#OT $%T&O'%( %")*"%%&+? (ar,in Amadi Te-hni-al T e-hni-al Writing &i-k !empa "o,ember ./0 12.3
What do you know about petroleum engineers?
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WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT PETROLEUM ENGINEERS
Introduction I.
II.
III.
General Overview of Petroleum Engineers a. What is petroleum? b. What does Engineering mean? c. What do Petroleum Engineers do and what are their specialties? d. Why are Petroleum Engineers important? Reuirements a. Education b. E!perience c. "#ills and $raits Pay and %emand a. "alary b. &enefits c. Wor#ing hours d. 'dvancement
(onclusion
Introduction $he worlds demand for oil and natural gas is recurrent. $o find new supply of these vital resources) petroleum engineers are depended on. Petroleum Engineers wor# in subsurface engineering activities related to the production of hydrocarbons) which can either be crude oil or natural gas) in order words petroleum engineers get petroleum out of the ground and to the refinery. Petroleum engineers travels around the world in search of reservoirs containing oil or
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natural gas) they wor# with geologists and other specialist applying technical s#ills and #nowledge to e!tract it.
General Oerie! o" Petroleu# En$ineer W%at i& 'etroleu#( Petroleum comes from the *atin word Petra and Oleum. Petra meaning roc# and Oleum meaning oil. Petroleum is a thic# blac# yellowish liuid made up of hydrocarbon) which is a combination of hydrogen and carbons. Petroleum could e!ist as liuid or gas) when it e!ists as a liuid it is referred to as crude oil and when it e!ists as a vapor it is referred to as natural gas. $he formation of petroleum begins when dead organisms +prehistoric plants and animals, forms underneath the earth-s surface usually that of sedimentary roc#s in locations commonly referred to as reservoirs) and forms into petroleum over time due to intense pressure and heat. $he petroleum that forms over time is then drilled out of the reservoir which is simply the location at which the petroleum was discovered. 'fter the drilling process) petroleum goes through several physical and chemical processes which later transforms it into various types of consumer products such as lubricant oil) #erosene) gasoline +petrol,) and fuel. Petroleum is not evenly distributed around the world) it can be found in many regions in an uneual amount. $he chart below shows the distribution of petroleum around the region.
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#etroleum &outh 'istribution around the re(ion America; 5% Asia"#aci$c; % continentsOil Availability; 31% Arica; 1!%
North America; 12%
Middle East; 18% East Europe; 15%
"ource /." Energy Information 'dministration) International Energy "tatistics) Eurostat.
W%at doe& En$ineerin$ #ean( Engineering in general is the application of math and science to solve problems. Engineering contribute to various advancement such as technological devices and application) and drastically improve the lives of people around the world by ma#ing these devices and applications more efficient and effective. Engineering opens part ways to change the world) whether be creating sustainable solutions) pic#ing up new ways to produce energy) designing safer buildings) developing new medicines) improving the way that we communicate and travel) creating faster computers and smart phones) discovering better ways on e!tracting petroleum from the ground and several more ways to ma#e use of petroleum. Engineering influences several aspects of our lives and simply ma#es the world a better place.
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W%at doe& 'etroleu# en$ineer& do and !%at are t%eir &'ecialtie&( Petroleum engineers apply technical s#ills and #nowledge to solve engineering challenges. $hey wor# in sub0surface engineering activities related to the production of hydrocarbons) which can either be crude oil or natural gas. In other words) they get petroleum out of the ground and into the refinery and ma#ing sure there is minimal impact on the environment. Petroleum engineers wor# with sophisticated instruments and computer program. $hey also use advanced mathematics and physics to build comple! models to better understand and interpret the oil field. $his helps them to #eep the oil flowing. Petroleum engineers are needed throughout the world to maintain e!isting field and to develop new oil field. 'ccording to the 1$op Petroleum Engineering "chool-s article)2 1due to how complicated Petroleum engineering is) it has led to three ma3or sub0disciplines4 drilling engineers) production engineers) and reservoir engineers2 +$op Petroleum,. Drilling Engineers) %rilling engineers speciali5e in drilling) completion and wor# over
operations. %rilling engineers drill deep into sedimentary roc#s to find oil deposits. (ompletion means to prepare the well with steel pipe) cement the pipe in place) and to perforate the pipe in the oil 5one so that the oil can flow to the surface. %rilling engineers also re0drill old wells to improve efficiency. ' drilling engineer-s 3ob is basically to be out in the rig) and supervise the drilling of a borehole deep into the earth) to access roc# formation that contain oil and gas. $he drilling engineer is responsible for preparing a well to be p laced on production. Production Engineers) Production engineers speciali5e in studying petroleum well-s
characteristics) which is the boring in the earth that the petroleum will be e!tracted through. Production engineers also speciali5e in understanding a wells characteristics which helps them maintain wells flow over a period of time. $hey use various chemical and mechanical procedures to ma!imi5e oil recovery from the petroleum well. ' production engineer-s 3ob is to figure out
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which roc# formation has the oil and gas in it and figure out the most effective way to produce oil and gas and bring it to the surface. Reservoir Engineers) Reservoir engineers design and implement the planned development of an
oil field. $hey identify the si5e of an oil field by measuring its boundaries and its depth. $hey use sophisticated instruments to determine where the drilling program will commence. $hey calculate oil reserves) which is the amount of oil still in the reservoir. Reservoir engineers are responsible for evaluating the uantity of oil and gas down in the earth. $hey do a lot of computer wor#) and a lot of calculation. $hey use a lot of reservoir simulation to try to simulate how oil and gas is flowing in the roc#) and loo# at optimum ways and strategies to get oil and gas out which could be drilling additional wells or flooding the formation with water or carbon dio!ide to help enhance the recovery of that reservoir.
W%* are Petroleu# En$ineer& i#'ortant( Petroleum is an e!tremely needed resource) in producing supplies that are needed in the today-s world. Petroleum is depended on without #nowing what is associated with it. $o e!tract this needed resource) petroleum engineers are reuired to discover where the petroleum can be found) drill the petroleum) refine it and produce it into a more acceptable form. Petroleum Engineers are important because petroleum is needed to produce products such as lubricants) paints) clothes) plastics) synthetic rubber and fiber) detergent) wa!es) agricultural purposes) fuels for transportation +gasoline,) fuels for generating electricity) and 3et fuels +#erosene,. $he chart below shows the percentage of various products made from petroleum.
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#roducts Made rom a )arrel o #etroleum
)asoline
36 /6
Diesel 8uel 9 Heating Oil
.26
Other $rodu-ts 346
.76
:et 8uel 'i;ue
116
"ource /." %epartment of Energy.
Re+uire#ent& Education ' Petroleum Engineer reuires a bachelor-s degree in petroleum engineering. ' further degree such as 6aster-s %egree in Petroleum Engineering can be uite rewarding in the advancement of one-s #nowledge and salary) but not specifically reuired. Petroleum Engineering deals a lot with solving problems which ma#es the curriculum of petroleum engineering to base solely on sciences and mathematics. ' Petroleum engineer aids in locating where petroleum could be found and also assists in the e!traction process. 'nd that is why classes that e!pands ones #nowledge in problem solving and education about the earth are emphasi5ed) some of these classes includes math) physics) chemistry) dynamics) and geology. 'dditional classes to e!pand ones social potential are also ta#en such as communication classes) economics and classes in language +&agley,. 'fter completing the general classes) more speciali5ed and advanced classes
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are reuired which will enable a petroleum engineer to partially e!perience what he or she will be facing out in a real life e!perience. $hese speciali5ed and advanced classes includes petroleum production) well drilling) fluid flow) reservoir analysis) and reservoir fluids +&agley,. 'ccording to 7ehinde Ovunda) a Petroleum Engineer for &P) 1computers play a big role in the career of Petroleum engineers which is why a person that is aspiring in pursuing a career as a petroleum engineer should be efficient at operating a computer2 +Ovunda,. Petroleum Engineers are continuously learning because petroleum engineering is a wide field which deals with a lot of different operations which changes as technology gets better.
E,'erience Getting several years of e!perience +internships, before graduating is 3ust as important as the schooling when loo#ing forward to becoming a petroleum engineer. Getting an internship or several internships is the best way to test drive the industry and test drive the company. (raig $hompson) a Professor in Petroleum Engineering said during his interview 1Internships helps a person that is yet to become a petroleum engineer to see what the company loo#s li#e and how he or she fits into the culture of the company and also get the chance to see if that person will li#e the wor# that he or she will be doing as a career and the petroleum industry in general2 +$hompson,. Internships helps students acuire new s#ills) formulate a post college goal) get real world e!perience and start to build a portfolio to highlight their s#ills and put their course wor#s to practice. /ndergraduate student that obtains an internship prior graduating develops their social interaction and teaches them how to manage difficult circumstances) stress and other unfavorable circumstances. 'n internship provides an opportunity for an undergraduate student in petroleum engineering to find a specialty to focus on within the three different disciplines there are in petroleum engineering. (raig $hompson emphasi5ed the importance of getting an
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e!perience during his interview saying) 1acuiring an e!perience before graduating is very good because) students in petroleum engineering with an e!perience in the petroleum industry have a much better chance at acuiring a full time position upon graduation2 +$hompson,.
S-ill& and Trait& ' petroleum engineer should also have certain s#ills and traits outside of what is being thought in class) these s#ills enables one to be a better engineer and more productive to his or her company) the petroleum industry and the entire world. &eing a good communicator is a very good s#ill to have as a petroleum engineer since petroleum engineers wor# with several other people around the petroleum industry such as geologists) chemical engineers) accou ntants) technicians) drillers and so many other individuals that assist in the production of oil and natural gas. 'nother s#ill to have is the ability to be creative and to be able to thin# of new innovative things and suggest possible solutions in e!isting problems. "ince the petroleum industry is developing rapidly and there are new ways to research ideas and better technological advancement) 1it will be encouraging for a petroleum engineer to be open and ready to learn new ideas) techniues and the technology used to be more productive to the industry2 +Ovunda,) "ays 7ehinde Ovunda during her interview.
Pa* and De#and Salar* Petroleum Engineering is highly demanded) due to the high reuest of oil and natural gas which ma#es petroleum engineers earn a high salary compared to other professions. 'ccording to the 1(areer "potlight Petroleum Engineers2 by Gene *oc#ard) 1Petroleum engineers is one of the top careers) and the salary of petroleum engineers is significantly higher than that of the national average for all salaries and also position is available all a round the world and demand for
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petroleum engineers is good2 +*oc#ard,. In $he Wall "treet 8ournal article titled 1' Gusher for Oil Grads2) Gold Russell e!plains how petroleum engineering graduate-s salary increases due to the demand of oil and natural gas) and he also says 1top petroleum engineering graduates should e!pect a starting salary of 9:;);;; to 9<<;);;; plus benefits and other per#s2 +Gold,. Gold Russell) also said 1petroleum engineering is among the top paying careers around the world and is the top paying sector in engineering with a median pay of 9<=>)=>; per year) in other words 9=.> per hour2 +Gold,. $he following charts below shows the average starting salary for engineering graduates and the median annual salary of petroleum engineers compared to other engineering fields.
Bene"it& "ince petroleum engineering plays an essential role in the oil and natural gas production industry) this allows petroleum engineers to receive the same benefits as other professionals in their various companies. $hese benefits includes medicals such as vision and dental insurance) paid holidays and vacations) retirement plan ) paid sic# leave and life insurance. $hese benefits vary due to what company the petroleum engineer is wor#ing for.
Wor-in$ %our& $he wor#ing hours of a petroleum engineers depends on the discipline or the aspect of that engineer. $he wor#ing hours of a drilling engineer will vary with that of a reservoir engineer and that of a production engineer. $he average day of a petroleum engineer is anything but average) a drilling engineer is typically wor#ing out in the rig for a <> hour shift unless something goes
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wrong which could cause the drilling engineers day to be longer. ' production engineer-s 3ob is a little bit more stable) they usually wor# : to <; hour a day since they are responsible for producing oil and gas) designing the euipment and maintaining it. $he reservoir engineer-s 3ob is more of an office 3ob) sometimes they are in the field testing wells and gathering data and they mostly wor# for : hours unless there is more tas# at hand) then they are putting in e!tra hours in.
Adance#ent While in the career of petroleum engineering) there are several advancement such as obtaining more e!perience and having a broad sense of what is being done in the petroleum industry. 's more e!perience is obtained) the salary of a petroleum engineer increases over time. $here are other advancement outside of getting e!perience while wor#ing) such as options to further their education and training in pursuing a higher level degree which could be a master-s degree or a doctoral degree.
.onclu&ion Petroleum Engineering is a very diverse profession) where you get to wor# with so many different people all around the world. $he diversity causes petroleum engineer to wor# with people of different bac#ground of education) different culture which might involve traveling or even relocating to a different country. "ince petroleum can be found not only in the /nited "tates but also in other countries around the world. &ill $ammeus in his article 1$he guide to college ma3ors in petroleum engineering2 says) 1petroleum engineers travels around the world and sometimes lives in a different country which could be wherever oil and natural gas can be discovered and drilled2+$ammeus,.
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Wor-& .ited
&agley) %avid 6. @/niversity of Wyoming Petroleum Engineering.@ University of Wyoming Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering . A.p.) > "ept. >;
>;;<=. Web. = Aov. >;;<=. Web. ;B %ec. >;;<<. Web. ;= Aov. >;;;:) eb ><,. ' Gusher for Oil Grads4 's Energy Prices "oar) Petroleum Engineers Get $op %ollar. Wall !treet #ournal$ Web. = Aov. >;;;;<=. Web. ;= Aov. >; 8an. >;<=. Web. ;H %ec. >; %ec. >; 'pr. >;;. Web. =; Aov. >;
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@Petroleum Engineer 8obs and (areers J EducatingEngineers.com.2 Petroleum Engineering Careers. A.p.) = Aov. >;<=. Web. ;B Aov. >;
@"potlight on Petroleum Engineers.@ +il and )as #ournal <;B) <. PennWell (orporation) < 8an. >;;. Web. = Aov. >;
$hompson) (raig. Personal interview on Petroleum Engineering. >B Aov. >;; eb. >;;
@/.". Energy Information 'dministration 0 EI' 0 Independent "tatistics and 'nalysis.@ U$!$ Energy (nformation dministration 4E(5. Petroleum and Other *iuids) = eb. >;<>.
