P – 19 Year of Competition: 2015
IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF HINDISTAN
Province Province of Gatoch and Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . Petitioner Vs. Federa Re!"#ic of Hindistan . . . . . . . . . . . . Respondent
1
Ta#e of Content
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1. List of Abbrev Abbreviation iationss --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2. nde! of A"t#o A"t#orities rities -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $-5 3. %tatement %tatement of &"risdi'tion &"risdi'tion ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ( $. %tatement %tatement of )a'ts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-10 5. ss"es Raised Raised ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 (. %"mmar+ %"mmar+ Ar,"ment Ar,"mentss --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-13 *. Peadin,s Peadin,s Ar,"ment Ar,"mentss Advan'ed Advan'ed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1$- 29 /. Pra+er -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
2
Ta#e of Content
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1. List of Abbrev Abbreviation iationss --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2. nde! of A"t#o A"t#orities rities -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $-5 3. %tatement %tatement of &"risdi'tion &"risdi'tion ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ( $. %tatement %tatement of )a'ts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *-10 5. ss"es Raised Raised ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 (. %"mmar+ %"mmar+ Ar,"ment Ar,"mentss --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12-13 *. Peadin,s Peadin,s Ar,"ment Ar,"mentss Advan'ed Advan'ed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1$- 29 /. Pra+er -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
2
List of A##reviations
1. Anr Anr. - anot anot#e #ers rs 2. ors. rs. - ot#ers 3. - nio nion n of of nd ndia ia $. Art.- Ar Art. 5. %4 %4 - ormi ormi %#ri %#rine ne ana, ana,eme ement nt 4oar 4oard d (. %4 %4 - ato'# ato'# orm ormii %#rine %#rine ana,em ana,ement ent 4oard 4oard *. ) ) - orm ormii nte ntee't e't"a "as s )or"m )or"m /. 6%A - 6ationa 6ationa ormi %#rine %#rine ana,eme ana,ement nt A't 9. ARAR- A nd ndia ia Rep Repor orter ter 10. %CC- %"preme %"preme Co"rt Co"rt Cases 11. 11. 7on8be 7on8be - 7ono"rab 7ono"rabee 12. %' - %"preme %"preme Co"rt Co"rt 13. A6- an"patra an"patra 1$. 7C - 7i,# C"rt 15. AP7C- And#ra Prades# 7i,# Co"rt 1(. P77C- P"nab and 7ar+ana 7i,# Co"rt C#andi,ar# 1*. AL;- And#r And#raa Le,a ;e'isions ;e'isions 1/. LR- ndian ndian La< Reporter Reporter 19. RA&7CRA&7C- Raast#an 7i,# 7i,# Co"rt Co"rt 20. %CR- %"preme %"preme Co"rt Reports Reports 21. &. - &"sti' &"sti'ee =ers"s %%& v.vs.- =ers"s
3
Inde' of A"thorities CONSTITUTIONS( STATUTES)
1. >#e Constit"tion of ndia niversa La< P"bis#in, Co. ? 9/ t# ed. 201$@ 2. %i# "rd
CASES REFERRED AND CITED)
1. as#mir %in,# vs. nion of ndia and rs. 1 LR 3$5 ?P77C 2002@ 2. 4. P. %in,#a vs. nion of ndia and Anr. ( %CC 331 ?%C 2010@ 3. %.R. 4ommai and ot#ers vs. nion of ndia 3 %CC 1 ?%C 199$@ $. 7oe'#st P#arma'e"ti'as Ltd. And rs. =s. %tate of 4i#ar and rs. AR 1019 ?%C 19/3@ 5. ;r. Y.%. Raaseara Redd+ and rs. =s. 6ara C#andra 4ab" and rs. ( AL; *(3?AP7C 1999@ (. nion f ndia and Anr. =s. >"siram Pate and rs. 3 %CC 39/ ?%C 19/5@ *. 7ar ovind Pant vs. C#an'eor niversit+ of Raast#an and rs. AR *2 ?RA&7C 19**@ /. %#ams#er %in,# v. %tate of P"nab 2 %CC /31 ?%C 19*$@ 9. Rames##e 4i >o Amend %. 20 of >#e %ea C"stoms A't 1/*/ D %. 3 of >#e Centra E!'ises and %at A't 19$$ 1 %CC 3/0?%C 19*9@
4
*OO+S REFERRED) 1.
Prof. .P. &ain Indian Constitutional Law ?Le!is 6e!is R"ma Pa &.D %amaradit+a Pa (t# ed. 2010@
2.
7.. %eervai Constitutional Law of India =o. D ? niversa 4oo traders $t# ed. 2002@
3. ;r. &.6.Pande+ Constitutional Law of India, ?Centra a< A,en'+ ;r. %.%. %rivastava 51st ed. 201$@ $. P.. 4as#i >#e Constit"tion of ndia ?niversa La
1. <<<."dis.ni'.in ?ast visited on 10t# ar'# 2015 @. 2. <<<.man"patra.'om ?ast visited on 10t#ar'# 201$@. 3. <<<.s''onine.'om ?ast visited on 0(t# ar'# 201$@ LA, REPORTS) -& %#ri P.A. %an,ma et a A 'onstit"tiona paper on ;e'entraiFation and "ni'ipaities
6ationa Commission to revie< t#e
5
State.ent of /"risdiction >#e Provin'e of ato'# #as approa'#ed t#e 7onGbe )edera Co"rt of 7indistan "nder Art.131?a@ of t#e Constit"tion <#i'# ,ives ori,ina "risdi'tion to t#e )edera Co"rt to ad"di'ate on disp"tes bet#e Art. Reads as: 131. ri,ina "risdi'tion of t#e )edera Co"rt- %"be't to t#e provisions of t#e Constit"tion t#e )edera Co"rt s#a to t#e e!'"sion of an+ ot#er 'o"rt #ave ori,ina "risdi'tion in an+ ot#er 'o"rt #ave ori,ina "risdi'tion in an+ disp"te?a@ bet
6
State.ent of Facts 1. ormi is a rei,ion <#i'# is in maorit+ in t#e Provin'e of 7idamb and it 'onstit"tes aro"nd (0I of t#e tota pop"ation of 7idamb. 7idamb is a Provin'e in t#e )edera Rep"bi' of 7indistan. ormisG are a rei,io"s minorit+ in t#e )edera Rep"bi' of 7indistan and 'onstit"tes aro"nd 2I of t#e tota pop"ation of t#e 'o"ntr+. ormisG #ave rei,io"s %#rines a over t#e 'o"ntr+. ormisG #ave been de'ared b+ t#e )edera overnment as a rei,io"s minorit+. )edera Rep"bi' of 7indistan #e rei,io"s 'omm"nit+ of ormisG started a movement to ,ain 'ontro of t#eir rei,io"s %#rines and to administer ormi %#rines in a''ordan'e #e ormi 'omm"nit+ 'onstit"ted a 'ommittee to tae over t#e %#rines from a#ants and at some pa'esH possession #e aims and obe'ts of t#e A't #e A't aid do#e A't a#e A't provided for t#e Committees of mana,ement #e A't aso empo
%#rines "nder its dire't 'ontro and to #e %4 #ad effe'tive 'ontro and mana,ement of t#e ormi %#rines in t#e Provin'e of 7idamb and t#e ne< Provin'e of ato'#. 7o#e ) ,ot #e ne< )edera overnment of 7indistan iss"ed a dire'tion to t#e overnor ?C#ampa #an,otra@ t#ro",# teep#one on 10t# &"ne 201$ not to ,ive assent to t#e 4i as t#e )edera ,overnment 'aimed t#at t#ere
s'ae vioent protests in t#e Provin'e of 7idamb and on t#e ,ro"nd t#at t#e )edera overnment is in t#e pro'ess of ena'tin, a 'ompre#ensive nationa a< on t#e s"be't. %"bseJ"ent+ on 1( t# &"ne 201$ )edera overnment #e A't #e overnor #e )edera overnment iss"ed a dire'tion to t#e Provin'e of ato'# on 02nd &"+ 201$ to refrain from notif+in, t#e date of 'ommen'ement of t#e A't. A,,rieved b+ t#is Provin'e of ato'# fied a petition before t#e )edera Co"rt of 7indistan a,ainst t#e )ederation of 7indistan on 20t# A","st 201$ 11. %ome intervenin, events aso too pa'e d"rin, t#is time. n t#e Provin'e of ato'# ee'tions to "ni'ipaities #e overnor #ad #e overnor #ad re'ommended for dismissa of t#e Provin'ia overnment o#e provin'ia overnment of ato'# repied t#at it is ain, 'o,niFan'e of t#e said report t#e overnment of ato'# #e C#ief inister of t#e Provin'e of ato'# ?r. %omes# 7aider@ '#aen,ed t#e order of dismissa of #is ,overnment in t#e )edera Co"rt of 7indistan 'aimin, t#at #is ,overnment #as been dismissed
vie< to appease its 'oaition partners <#o are aso r"nnin, t#e overnment in t#e Provin'e of 7idamb. >#e 'onstit"tionait+ of t#e order #e Pro'amation #e Pro'amation #e )edera Co"rt of 7indistan ordered a t#e t#ree petitions to be #eard and tried to,et#er and t#e )edera Co"rt 'onstit"ted a t#ree "d,e 4en'# to #ear t#e matter.
1.
10
Iss"es Raised
.
#et#er t#e Provin'e of ato'# #as e,isative 'ompeten'+ to ena't t#e a< ato'# ormi %#rine ana,ement A't 201$ #ereinafter % a't 201$
.
#et#er t#e overnor of a %tate #as dis'retion not to reserve t#e 4i for t#e assent of t#e President
.
#et#er President #as "nfettered po
=.
#et#er not #odin, m"ni'ipait+ ee'tion in t#e provin'e of ato'# o''asions t#e fai"re of 'onstit"tiona ma'#iner+ in t#e provin'e of ato'#
11
S"..ar0 of Ar1".ents
I&
,hether the Province of Gatoch has e1isative co.!etenc0 to enact the a2( Gatoch +or.i Shrine 3ana1e.ent Act %4-5 hereinafter G+S3 act %4-56 >#e Provin'ia overnment #as e,isative 'ompeten'+ to ena't t#e ato'# ormi
%#rine ana,ement A't 201$. >#e )edera overnment 'an on+ iss"e dire'tions in respe't of t#e f"n'tionin, and operation of t#e inter-state bod+ 'orporate "nti ot#er provision is made b+ a< in respe't of t#e said bod+ 'orporate. >#e 7onbGe )" 4en'# in Kashmir Singh vs. Union of India #as interpreted t#e si,nifi'ant
,hether the Governor of a State has discretion not to reserve the *i for the assent of the President6 >#e overnor is t#e Constit"tiona #ead of a %tate in <#om t#e E!e'"tive po
vested in #im. 7e is not s"bservient or s"b- ordinate to t#e )edera overment. >#e overnor #as dis'retion to ,ive assent or #"s it is at t#e dis'retion of overnor of ato'# <#et#er to reserve t#e 4i for Presidents assent or not and is not s"be'ted to a't a''ordin, to t#e dire'tions ,iven b+ t#e )edera overnment.
III&
,hether President has "nfettered !o2er to re.ove the 1overnor President #as t#e po#e do'trine is ,"ided b+ restri'tions <#i'# are 12
aid do#e Constit"tion p"ts a mandate on t#e President to 'arr+ o"t #is d"t+ ,"ided b+ t#e K;o'trine of Peas"reG #ese restri'tions are mentioned in Art.310 and Art.311 of t#e Constit"tion. IV& ,hether not hodin1 ."nici!ait0 eection in the !rovince of Gatoch occasions the fai"re of constit"tiona .achiner0 in the !rovince of Gatoch6 Provin'ia overnment of ato'# is not responsibe for not #odin, t#e ee'tions to "ni'ipaities. 4+ t#e virt"e of Art. 2$3O of t#e Constit"tion a''ordin, t#e s"perintenden'e dire'tion and 'ontro of t#e preparation of ee'tora ros for and t#e 'ond"'t of a ee'tions to t#e "ni'ipaities s#a be vested in t#e %tate Ee'tion Commission and t#e Le,isat"re of a %tate ma+ b+ a< mae provision #"s t#ere is no s"'# 'ondition pre'edent to t#e iss"an'e of Presidentia Pro'aimation <#i'# #as ,iven rise to fai"re of Constit"tiona a'#iner+ in t#e Provin'e. t is evident t#at t#e overnment
13
I&
Peadin1s
,hether the Province of Gatoch has e1isative co.!etenc0 to enact the a2( Gatoch +or.i Shrine 3ana1e.ent Act %4-56 1. it# t#e on, standin, demands of ormis a rei,io"s maorit+ in 7idamb b"t a
minorit+ in t#e )ederation of 7indistan t#e Provin'e of 7idamb ena'ted ormi %#rines A't 1925 deain, #is a't provided for t#e t#e 'ommittees of mana,ement #e %4 f"n'tioned and operated in t#e Provin'e of ato'# as an inter-state bod+ ie it did in t#e Provin'e of 7idamb s"be'ted to dire'tions from t#e federa overnment reatin, to its f"n'tionin, and operation "nti ot#er provision are made b+ a< in respe't to t#e said bod+ 'orporate. >#is
for t#e
administration and mana,ement of ormi %#rines. >#e e,isat"re of Provin'e of ato'# passed an ena'tment ato'# ormi %#rine ana,ement A't 201$ ?% A't 201$@ on 10 t# a+ 201$ 'reatin, a ne< ee'ted and independent bod+ ?%4@ t is s"bmitted t#at t#e Provin'e of ato'# #as t#e po#e e!istin, Provin'e of 7idamb and its
14
s"''essor provin'e of ato'# #ave e,isative 'ompeten'+ to ena't a#"s t#e Provin'e a'ted 'onstit"tiona+ to frame a a< <#i'# #e interest of t#e ormis #"s t#e moment t#e Provin'e e,isated "pon t#e a't %4 it '#an,ed t#e stat"s of %4 as an inter-stated bod+ 'orporate to a bod+ 'orporate for t#e Provin'e of 7idamb. t is #"s as soon as t#e %tate Le,isat"re ena'ts its o
immediatel (efore the appointed da e4tends or applies. It "learl means and is a""epted position at all ends that the e4isting laws ( virtue of provisions "ontained in Se"tion 55 would automati"all appl. The position in relation to #"t, of $%&' is no different. !ut this provision is on"e again not an all time measure in as mu"h as a "ompetent legislature, whi"h ne"essaril means legislature of su""essor State as well, would (e well within its power and "ompetent enough to provide otherwise then the e4isting laws. If that (e so and in a given "ase, the su""essor State ma, in its wisdom, sa otherwise, i.e., the #"t of $%&' would not appl to the said State, as mentioned a(ove, the !oard would no more (e an inter0state (od "orporate. The power to legislate in that "ase would not (e with the Central -overnment under ntr // List0I 6Union list7 1th S"hedule. The provisions "ontained in Se"tion 5%, vesting power and )urisdi"tion with the appropriate -overnment, would ne"essaril in"lude su""essor States to repeal or amend an law made (efore the appointed da.* & 7& >#"s t#e A't %4 ena'ted b+ t#e Provin'e of ato'# is
said t#at t#e Provin'e did not #ave t#e e,isative
'ompeten'+ to ena't t#e a< is baseess. t is 'ear
,hether the Governor of a State has discretion not to reserve the *i for the assent of the President6
/. %4 #e %4 #ad effe'tive 'ontro and mana,ement of ormi %#rines in t#e Provin'e of 7idamb and t#e ne< Provin'e of ato'#. it# t#e passa,e of time t#e ormis residin, in ato'# fet t#at t#eir ,rievan'es #is paved t#e
ato'# passed % A't 201$ on 10 t# a+ 201$ 'reatin, a ne< ee'ted and independent bod+ ?%4@ to tae over mana,e and administer ormi %#rines in t#e Provin'e of ato'#. ean<#ie t#e 7o"se of Peope #is 4i #e assent #e overnor #e remova of t#e overnor #e overnor is t#e #ead of 3 #ar *ovind "an) vs. $han+--or, Univrsi) of a/as)han and Ors., I 72 !#$ 1977% 17
t#e state and #ods a #i,# 'onstit"tiona offi'e <#i'# 'arries #"s invoin, t#e Art. 200 of t#e Constit"tion it is at t#e dis'retion of overnor of ato'# <#et#er to reserve t#e 4i for Presidents assent or not and is not s"be'ted to a't a''ordin, to t#e dire'tions ,iven b+ t#e )edera overnment and nor is #e a''o"ntabe for t#e manner in <#i'# #e 'arries o"t #is f"n'tions and d"ties. 7en'e overnor #as e!er'ised #is dis'retionar+ po
III&
,hether President has "nfettered !o2er to re.ove the 1overnor6
4 . ". Singha- vs. Union of India and nr., 6 S$$ 331 !S$ 2010% 18
-%& Art. 15( of t#e Constit"tion of ndia provides for term of offi'e of overnor. >#e
'a"se ?1@ of t#e said Art. reates to t#e do'trine of peas"re #e #e po#e remova s#o"d be b+ a speain, order so as to apprise #im and t#e p"bi' of t#e reasons for 'onsiderin, #im "nfit to be 'ontin"ed as a overnor. t is aso 'ontended t#at t#e #e remova of t#e overnor 5 .". SIngha-& S'(ra a) (ara 4 19
C#ampa #an,otra #e petitioner8s s"bmission is not t#at a overnor #as a fi!ed irremovabe ten"re of five +ears b"t t#at t#ere s#o"d be some 'ertaint+ of ten"re so t#at #e 'an dis'#ar,e t#e d"ties and f"n'tions of #is 'onstit"tiona offi'e effe'tive+ and independent+. Certaint+ of ten"re #erefore t#e remova s#o"d 'onform to t#e foo#e ten"re of a overnor is five +ears "nder Ca"se ?3@ of Art. 15(. 4"t Ca"se ?3@ is s"be't to Ca"se ?1@ of Art. 15( <#i'# provides t#at a overnor #ods offi'e d"rin, t#e peas"re of t#e President. >#is on+ means t#at #e 'o"d be removed an+ time d"rin, t#e period of five +ears for 'ompein, reasons <#i'# are ,ermane to and #avin, a ne!"s #e remova of a overnor "nder Art. 15( 'annot be #o",# t#ere is no need for a forma s#o< 'a"se noti'e or an enJ"ir+ prin'ipes of fair pa+ reJ"ires t#at <#en a #i,# 'onstit"tiona f"n'tionar+ ie t#e overnor is so",#t to be removed #e s#o"d be apprised of t#e reasons t#erefore. 6orm 3 - >#e 20
order of remova is s"be't to "di'ia revie<: n a demo'ra'+ based on R"e of La< no a"t#orit+ #as an+ "nfettered and "nrevie#erefore an+ order of premat"re remova of a overnor #is Co"rt #ed t#at t#e En,is# prin'ipe did not app+ in ndia. >#is Co"rt observed “It was suggested that the true view to take is that when the statute sas that the offi"e is to (e held at pleasure, it means :at pleasure:, and no rules or regulations "an alter or modif that; nor "an Se"tion 28 of the Code of Civil 3ro"edure ena"ted ( a su(ordinate legislature (e used to "onstrue an #"t of a superior legislature. It was further suggested that some meaning must (e given to the words :holds offi"e during s pleasure: as these words "annot (e ignored and that the (ear the meaning given to them ( the 3riv Coun"il in I.=. Lall>s "ase. 1' I.#. &&' In our )udgment, these suggestions are (ased on a mis"on"eption of the s"ope of this e4pression. The e4pression "on"erns itself with the tenure of offi"e of the "ivil servant and it is not impli"it in it that a "ivil servant serves the Crown e4 gratia or that his salar is in the nature of a (ount. It has again no relation or "onne"tion with the 9uestion whether an a"tion "an (e filed to re"over arrears of salar against the Crown. The origin of the two rules is different and the operate on two different fields.* >#is s#o#e Constit"tion refers to offi'es #ed d"rin, t#e peas"re of t#e President ?#e Art.s in t#e Constit"tion of ndia <#i'# refer to t#e #odin, of offi'e d"rin, t#e peas"re of t#e President
%imiar+ Art. 1($?1@ and 1(5?3@ provides t#at t#e inisters ?in t#e %tates@ and Advo'ate enera for t#e %tate s#a #od offi'e d"rin, t#e peas"re of t#e overnor. 1*. Art.310 read #"s a simpe readin, of t#e 'a"se maes it transparent for t#e overnor to be a#is ape! Co"rt in P.L. ;#in,ra v. nion of ndia * referred to t#e J"aifi'ations on t#e peas"re do'trine "nder Art. 310: %"be't to t#ese e!'eptions o"r Constit"tion b+ Art. 310?1@ #as adopted t#e En,is# Common La< r"e t#at p"bi' servants #od offi'e d"rin, t#e peas"re of t#e President or overnor as t#e 'ase ma+ be and #as b+ Art. 311 imposed t#o",# t#e t#"s t#e President of t#e )ederation of 7indistan b+ removin, t#e overnor of t#e Provin'e of ato'#
K;o'trine of Peas"reG #e overnor #ad #e %tate overnmaent is not responsibe for 'ond"'tion of ee'tions in a %tate. 4+ t#e virt"e of 'a"se ?1@ of Art 23$O t#e s"perintenden'e dire'tion and 'ontro of t#e preparation of ee'tora ros for and t#e 'ond"'t of a ee'tions to t#e "ni'ipaities s#a be vested in t#e %tate Ee'tion Commission. Ca"se ?2@ of Art 23$O t#e Le,isat"re of a %tate ma+ b+ a< mae provision #e %tate overnment 'o-operates #e %EC
t#e %EC t#at t#e ten"re of t#e Civi' bodies #as 'ompeted its term of 5 +ears it on+ remained i,norant and on+ 'ontin"ed dea+in, t#e 'ond"'tion of ee'tions. 2(. >#ere #ere is not#in, on re'ord or not#in, t#at 'an be inferred as restri'tion or pro#ibition or #indran'e from t#e side of overnment to ee'tion 'ommission for #odin, of t#e "ni'ipa Ee'tions. n fa't Provin'ia overnment #e invoin, Art.35(on t#e ,ro"nd t#e t#ere #ro#ere are neit#er e!press+ nor impied+ an+ provisions to re'tif+ or e,aise an+ defa"t in #odin, ee'tion after five +ears or renderin, t#e ee'tion void. 9 29. Po
t#e provisions of t#e Constit"tion.
t#er.S. a/asara dd and Ors. ?s. ara $handra a' and Ors., 6 L 763!"#$ 1999% 24
'onstit"tiona baan'e. ere+ be'a"se a different poiti'a part+ is ee'ted to po
said provision and t#erefore
e,a+ maa fide. t is a matter of 'ommon no<ed,e t#at peope vote for different poiti'a parties at t#e Centre and in t#e %tates and t#erefore if a poiti'a part+
in t#e %tate
is
in'onsistent
'onstit"tiona
p#iosop#+ and t#erefore it is not possibe for t#at part+ to r"n t#e affairs of t#e %tate in a''ordan'e
of t#e
'onstit"tiona p#iosop#+ as s"'# f"n'tionin, 'an never bein a''ordan'e #e de'ision of t#is Co"rt in %tate of Raast#an v. nion of8 ndia 10 to t#e e!tent it is in 'onsistent #e Constit"tion itsef provides indi'ation in Art. 3(5 t#at on t#e fai"re of t#e %tate overnment to 'omp+
t#e President
t#e overnment
to #od t#at a sit"ation #as
of t#e %tate 'annot be 'arried on in
a''ordan'e
ma+ "stifiab+ be inferred from for instan'e ?i@ ar,e-s'ae breado
independent soverei,n
stat"s
and ?v@ s"bversion
of
t#e
Constit"tion <#ie professin, to #e 'r"'ia e!pressions in Art.35( ?1@ are - if t#e President Son t#e re'eipt of report from t#e overnor of a %tate or ot#er#e 'onditions pre'edent to t#e iss"an'e of t#e Pro'amation t#erefore are: ?a@ t#at t#e President s#o"d be satisfied eit#er on t#e basis of a report form t#e overnor of t#e %tate or ot#er#at materia ma+ be avaiabe in t#e report sent to #im b+ t#e overnor or ot#er#"s t#e e!isten'e of t#e obe'tive materia s#o
11 S.. ommai and o)hrs vs. Union of India, 3 S$$ 1 !S$ 1994% 26
33. it# t#e interepretion of t#e Art. 35(?1@ b+ t#e 4en'# of 6ine &"d,es in % R 4ommaiH it means a sit"ation <#ere t#e overnment of t#e %tate and not one or a fe< f"n'tions of t#e overnment 'annot be 'arried on in a''pordan'e #e inabiit+ or t#e "nfitness aforesaid ma+ arise eit#er on a''o"nt of t#e non- performan'e or ma performan'e of one or more f"n'tions of t#e overnment or on a''o"nt of ab"se or mis"se of an+ po#e 'onditions pre'edent to t#e iss"an'e of t#e Pro'amation t#erefore are: ?a@ t#at t#e President s#o"d be satisfied eit#er on t#e basis of a report form t#e overnor of t#e %tate or ot#er#at materia ma+ be avaiabe in t#e report sent to #im b+ t#e overnor or ot#er#"s t#e e!isten'e of t#e obe'tive materia s#o
12
3$. 6ot bein, i,norant of t#e fa't t#at a ne< overnment #ad 'ome to po#e )edera overnment tain, advanta,e of its s"prema'+ in t#e )ederation dismissed t#e %tate overnment ain, advanta,e of t#e report of t#e overnor t#e sa< a '#an'e to tae do
therefore, if apoliti"al part with an ideolog different from the ideolog of the politi"al part in power in an State "omes to power in the Centre, the Central -overnment would not (e )ustified in e4er"ising power under #rt. ?'26i7 unless it is shown that the ideolog of the politi"al part in power in the State is in"onsistent with the "onstitutional philosoph and, therefore, it is not possi(le for that part to run the affairs of the State in a""ordan"e with the provisions of the Constitution. It is a4iomati" that no State -overnment "an fun"tion on a programme whi"h is destru"tive of the Constitutional philosoph as su"h fun"tioning "an never (e in a""ordan"e with the provisions of the Constitution. !ut where a State -overnment is fun"tioning in a""ordan"e with the provisions of the Constitution and its ideolog is "onsistent with would not (e
the "onstitutional philosoph, the Central -overnment
)ustified in resorting to #rt. ?'26$7 to get
rid
of the State
-overnment >solel> on the ground that a different politi"al part has "ome to power at the Centre with a landslide vi"tor. Su"h e4er"ise of power would (e "learl mala fide. The de"ision of this Court in State of Ra)asthanv. Union of India$?.” 3(. >#is differen'e ideoo,+ of t#e Provin'ia and )edera overnment #as ed t#e dismissa of Provin'ia overnmentH not for,ettin, t#at President s#a a't on t#e aid and advise t#e Prime inister and #is Co"n'i of inisters. t is evident t#at t#e satisfa'tion #as to be formed b+ t#e President fair+ on a 'onsideration of t#e report of t#e ,overnor and or ot#er materia if an+ pa'ed before #im. f 'o"rse t#e President "nder o"r Constit"tion in bein, <#at ma+be 'aed a 'onstit"tiona President obi,ed to a't "pon t#e aid and advise of Co"n'i of inisters is bindin, "pon #im b+ virt"e of 'a"se ?1@ of *$. 1$ 3*. n parti'"ar <#en t#e )edera overnment dismissed a Provin'ia inistr+ beon,in, to a different poti'a part+ t#ere is bo"nd to e!ist fri'tion. >#e Provin'ia overnment
t#ere
t#at t#in,s
t#e+
t#e
<#i'#
Constit"tion.S ?Constit"ent Assemb+
;ebates =o. T p. 1**@ ;r. Ambedar8s #ope t#at in rarest of rare 'ases on+ t#ere #e Provin'ia overnment
sin'e it
and deemin, it "nfit to 'arr+ on t#e overnment of Provin'e in a''ordan'e #e Provin'ia overnment of ato'# is not responsibe for not #odin, t#e ee'tions of ee'tion. 4+ t#e virt"e of Art.2$3O of t#e Constit"tion a''ordin, t#e s"perintenden'e dire'tion and 'ontro of t#e preparation of ee'tora ros for and t#e 'ond"'t of a ee'tions to t#e "ni'ipaities s#a be vested in t#e %tate Ee'tion Commission and t#e Le,isat"re of a %tate ma+ b+ a< mae provision #"s t#ere is no s"'# 'ondition pre'edent to t#e iss"an'e of Presidentia Pro'amation <#i'# #as ,iven rise to fai"re of Constit"tiona a'#iner+ in t#e Provin'e. t is evident t#at t#e overnment
15 7.. %eervai Constitutional Law of India =o. ? niversa 4oo traders $t# ed. 2002@
29
