Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
CIVIL COD OF !" P"ILIPPI#S$ Preliminary !itle Article Summary Summarized Annotation: Article 1: Civil Code of the Philippines Art. 2: Laws shall shall take effect 15 % Ci&il 'ode Ci&il 'ode too too ee' ee'tt on A* A*+*s +*stt ,0,0- 9/0 9/0 days following the completion of % O 20 200 0 as iss*ed 1y Preside President nt A*ino A*ino on 3*ne 3*ne 945 945 6i'6 6i'6 7ro&ided 7ro&ided their pulication t6at 7*rs*ant to t6e r*lin+ in !a8ada !a8ada &. !*&era 7*1li'ation need not 1e made in t6e Oi'ial a:ette- 'onsiderin+ its errati' release and limited readers6i7. % #es7a7ers #es7 a7ers or or +eneral +eneral 'ir'*lat 'ir'*lation ion 'o*ld 'o*ld 1etter 1etter 7erorm 7erorm t6e t6e *n'tion *n'tion o 'omm*ni'atin+ t6e las to t6e 7eo7le;more a&aila1le- ider 'ir'*lation- 'omes o*t re+*larly. % I a stat*t stat*te e does not not 7ro&ide 7ro&ide or or its ee'ti ee'ti&ity &ity-- it ill ill only only tae ee' ee'tt /days ater t6e 'om7letion o its 7*1li'ation. (#o one s6all 1e '6ar+ed *nder t6e stat*te *ntil t6e 'om7letion o t6e 7*1li'ation.) % Stat*tes Stat *tes may 7ro&ide 7ro&ide or anot6e anot6err n*m1er n*m1er o o days days or 7*1li' 7*1li'ation ation.. !6e !6e statement <*nless ot6erise 7ro&ided= reers only to t6e / days (6i'6 'an 1e '6an+ed to a dierent n*m1er) and not t6e re*irement o 7*1li'ation. ;P*1li'ation is indis7ensa1le.
Art. !: "gnorance "gnorance of the law e#cuses no one from compliance therewith.
Art. $: Laws shall shall not e retroactive unless provided
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It is t6e t6e 7res* 7res*m7t m7tion ion t6at t6at e&er e&ery y 7erson 7erson no nos s t6e la. la. I+noran'e I+nor an'e 'annot 'annot 1e 7*t 7*t *7 as as a deense deense 1e'a* 1e'a*se se it 'an alays alays 1e *sed 'a*sin+ disorder in so'iety % !6is is is t6e reason 6y 7*1li'at 7*1li'ation ion is an essentia essentiall elementelement- so t6at t6at no one 'an e?'*se 6imsel or 6ersel or not noin+. % Stat*tes Stat *tes are to 1e 'onstr*e 'onstr*ed d as 6a&in+ 6a&in+ 7ros7 7ros7e'ti&e e'ti&e or *t*re *t*re o7erati o7eration on only it is not meant to 1e a77li'a1le to t6e 7ast unless unless it it is e?7ressly 7ro&ided or or is 'learly and ne'essarily im7lied rom t6e la. Cases 6en t6e la may 1e +i&en retroa'ti&e ee't$ . !6e la e?7 e?7res ressly sly 7ro 7ro&id &ides es 2. 6en t6e t6e la is '*rati& '*rati&e e or remedial remedial B meant meant to '*re '*re dee'ts dee'ts in order order to enor'e e?istin+ o1li+ations. !o ena1le 7eo7le to 'arry into ee't 6at t6ey intended in t6e o1li+ation 1*t 'o*ld not d*e to some stat*te. #ot meant to im7air o1li+ation or ae't &ested ri+6ts. ,. 6en t6e t6e la is 7ro'ed*r 7ro'ed*ral al B 6en itit deals it6 it6 7ro'ed*re 7ro'ed*re itit a77lies a77lies to all a'tions- 6i'6 6a&e a''r*ed- or 7endin+ and *t*re a'tions.
Added Info:
Co&ered >nder t6is R*le$ % Pres Pr esid iden enti tial al de de'r 'ree ees s an and d e?e'*ti&e orders 1y t6e 7resident in e?er'ise o 6is le+islati&e 7oers. % Admi Ad mini nist stra rati ti&e &e r* r*le les s and and re+*lations i t6eir 7*r7ose is to enor'e or im7lement e?istin+ la 7*rs*ant to a &alid dele+ation. % City Ci ty '6 '6ar arte terr m*s m*stt 1e 7*1lis6ed e&en i it is only a77li'a1le to a 7ortion o national territory @ Inter7retati&e re+*lation and t6ose internal in nat*re need not 1e 7*1lis6ed. Ma?im$ ignorantia legis non excusat
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 5: Acts committed committed against against mandatory and prohiitory laws shall e void.
Art. %: &aiver of 'ights
Art. (: 'epealed Laws
Art. ): *udicial *udicial decisions form form case laws Art. +: 'esponsiility 'esponsiility of the courts
?. 6en t6e le+islat*re 7ro&ides t6at all 1ills s6o*ld *nder +o readin+s instead o ,. !6is ae'ts all 1ills t6at 6a&e 1een 'reated and e&en t6ose already *nder+oin+ readin+s. . 6en t6e t6e la is 7enal 7enal in '6ara'te '6ara'terr and is a&ora1l a&ora1le e to t6e a''*sed. a''*sed. MA#DA!OR PROVISIO#S OF LAS$ I one ails to 'ommit 'ertain a'ts t6at are mandatory in t6e la- it renders t6e 7ro'eedin+ or a'ts to 6i'6 it relates as ille+al or &oid. ?. !6e la 7ro&ides < !6e a'tion to re&oe t6e donation *nder t6is arti'le m*st 1e 1ro*+6t it6in / years rom t6e time t6e de'ree o le+al se7aration 6as 1e'ome inal.= (Arti'le E- Family Code) PRO"II!OR LAS$ !6ose t6at one is not s*77osed to do. Co*'6ed in PRO"II!OR ne+ati&e terms. ?. !6e la 7ro&ides t6at < #o le+al se7aration may 1e de'reed *nless t6e 'o*rt 6as taen ste7s toards re'on'iliation.= (Arti'le /9- Family Code) % Ri+6ts Ri+6t s may 1e 1e ai&ed ai&ed *nless *nless it is 'ontra 'ontrary ry to lala- 7*1li 7*1li' ' 7oli'y7oli'y- moral morals s or +ood '*stoms- or 7reG*di'ial to a t6ird 7erson it6 a ri+6t re'o+ni:ed 1y la. % !6e ri+6 ri+6tt m*st m*st e?is e?istt at t6e t6e time time o t6e t6e ai& ai&er. er. Re*isites$ . !6e 7ers 7erson on nos nos t6at t6at a ri+6 ri+6tt e?ists e?ists 2. "as ade*ate ade*ate noled+e noled+e *7on *7on 6i'6 to mae mae an intelli+en intelli+entt de'ision de'ision ,. Hno Hnoled+e led+e o t6e t6e a'ts a'ts related related to t6e ri+6t ri+6t to to 1e ai&ed ai&ed . M*st 1e s6on s6on t6at t6e t6e ai&er is made made noin+ly noin+ly and intelli+ intelli+ently ently % Ri+6ts 7ro&ided or in stat*tes 'an +enerally 1e ai&ed *nless t6e o1Ge't o t6e stat*te is to 7rote't or 7romote 7*1li' interest % Las La s are are re7ea re7ealed led onl only y 1y s*1 s*1se se*en *entt ones ones % eteen et een a la and and t6e t6e Constit Constit*tion *tion-- t6e t6e latter latter 7re&ai 7re&ails ls % Administr Admi nistrati&e ati&e or e?e'*ti& e?e'*ti&e e a'ts are &alid &alid only only 6en 6en t6ey t6ey are not 'ontrary to las or t6e Constit*tion RPAL$ le+islati&e a't o a1olis6in+ a 7re&io*s stat*te t6ro*+6 a ne la % 6ere a 7ortion 7ortion o o a stat*t stat*te e is rendered rendered *n'on *n'onstit* stit*tiona tionall and 7art is is &alid t6e 7arts may 1e se7arated i t6ey 'an s tand inde7endently o one anot6er. % 3*di'ial de'isions- a77lyin+ and inter7retin+ las and t6e Constit*tion- ass*me t6e same a*t6ority as las. % 3*d+es m*st not e&ade 7erorman'e o t6eir res7onsi1ility 1e'a*se o an a77arent non%e?isten'e or &a+*eness o a la +o&ernin+ a 7arti'*lar le+al
?am7les o 6at 'annot 1e ai&ed$ . a ai&e i&err a+ains a+ainstt t6e t6e ri+6t ri+6t to to 7*r'6ase land. 2. a ai&e i&e an a't a'tion ion a+a a+ains instt *t*re ra*d ,. a ai&e i&e ri+ ri+6t 6t to to re'ei re'ei&e &e less less t6an t6e 'om7ensation a orer is to re'ei&e *nder t6e la.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 5: Acts committed committed against against mandatory and prohiitory laws shall e void.
Art. %: &aiver of 'ights
Art. (: 'epealed Laws
Art. ): *udicial *udicial decisions form form case laws Art. +: 'esponsiility 'esponsiility of the courts
?. 6en t6e le+islat*re 7ro&ides t6at all 1ills s6o*ld *nder +o readin+s instead o ,. !6is ae'ts all 1ills t6at 6a&e 1een 'reated and e&en t6ose already *nder+oin+ readin+s. . 6en t6e t6e la is 7enal 7enal in '6ara'te '6ara'terr and is a&ora1l a&ora1le e to t6e a''*sed. a''*sed. MA#DA!OR PROVISIO#S OF LAS$ I one ails to 'ommit 'ertain a'ts t6at are mandatory in t6e la- it renders t6e 7ro'eedin+ or a'ts to 6i'6 it relates as ille+al or &oid. ?. !6e la 7ro&ides < !6e a'tion to re&oe t6e donation *nder t6is arti'le m*st 1e 1ro*+6t it6in / years rom t6e time t6e de'ree o le+al se7aration 6as 1e'ome inal.= (Arti'le E- Family Code) PRO"II!OR LAS$ !6ose t6at one is not s*77osed to do. Co*'6ed in PRO"II!OR ne+ati&e terms. ?. !6e la 7ro&ides t6at < #o le+al se7aration may 1e de'reed *nless t6e 'o*rt 6as taen ste7s toards re'on'iliation.= (Arti'le /9- Family Code) % Ri+6ts Ri+6t s may 1e 1e ai&ed ai&ed *nless *nless it is 'ontra 'ontrary ry to lala- 7*1li 7*1li' ' 7oli'y7oli'y- moral morals s or +ood '*stoms- or 7reG*di'ial to a t6ird 7erson it6 a ri+6t re'o+ni:ed 1y la. % !6e ri+6 ri+6tt m*st m*st e?is e?istt at t6e t6e time time o t6e t6e ai& ai&er. er. Re*isites$ . !6e 7ers 7erson on nos nos t6at t6at a ri+6 ri+6tt e?ists e?ists 2. "as ade*ate ade*ate noled+e noled+e *7on *7on 6i'6 to mae mae an intelli+en intelli+entt de'ision de'ision ,. Hno Hnoled+e led+e o t6e t6e a'ts a'ts related related to t6e ri+6t ri+6t to to 1e ai&ed ai&ed . M*st 1e s6on s6on t6at t6e t6e ai&er is made made noin+ly noin+ly and intelli+ intelli+ently ently % Ri+6ts 7ro&ided or in stat*tes 'an +enerally 1e ai&ed *nless t6e o1Ge't o t6e stat*te is to 7rote't or 7romote 7*1li' interest % Las La s are are re7ea re7ealed led onl only y 1y s*1 s*1se se*en *entt ones ones % eteen et een a la and and t6e t6e Constit Constit*tion *tion-- t6e t6e latter latter 7re&ai 7re&ails ls % Administr Admi nistrati&e ati&e or e?e'*ti& e?e'*ti&e e a'ts are &alid &alid only only 6en 6en t6ey t6ey are not 'ontrary to las or t6e Constit*tion RPAL$ le+islati&e a't o a1olis6in+ a 7re&io*s stat*te t6ro*+6 a ne la % 6ere a 7ortion 7ortion o o a stat*t stat*te e is rendered rendered *n'on *n'onstit* stit*tiona tionall and 7art is is &alid t6e 7arts may 1e se7arated i t6ey 'an s tand inde7endently o one anot6er. % 3*di'ial de'isions- a77lyin+ and inter7retin+ las and t6e Constit*tion- ass*me t6e same a*t6ority as las. % 3*d+es m*st not e&ade 7erorman'e o t6eir res7onsi1ility 1e'a*se o an a77arent non%e?isten'e or &a+*eness o a la +o&ernin+ a 7arti'*lar le+al
?am7les o 6at 'annot 1e ai&ed$ . a ai&e i&err a+ains a+ainstt t6e t6e ri+6t ri+6t to to 7*r'6ase land. 2. a ai&e i&e an a't a'tion ion a+a a+ains instt *t*re ra*d ,. a ai&e i&e ri+ ri+6t 6t to to re'ei re'ei&e &e less less t6an t6e 'om7ensation a orer is to re'ei&e *nder t6e la.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 1,: "t is presumed presumed that the the lawmaking ody intended right and -ustice to prevail prevail Art. 11: 11: Customs Art. 12: Customs must e proved proved accdg. to the rules of evidence. Art. 1!: ears/ ears/ days/ months months
Art. 1$: Penal laws
dis7*te. % !6e 'o*rt 'o*rt m*st m*st irst irst a77ly a77ly t6e lala- only only 6en 6en t6ere t6ere is am1i+*it am1i+*ity y in its its a77li'ation s6o*ld t6ere 1e any ind o inter7retation. % !6e inter7r inter7retati etation on s6o*ld s6o*ld 1e in line it6 it6 t6e t6e intent intent o t6e t6e le+islat le+islat*re *re or t6e end so*+6t to 1e attained. C>S!OM$ a r*le o 'ond*'t ormed 1y re7etition o a'ts- *niormly o1ser&ed as a so'ial r*le- 6i'6 is le+ally 1indin+ and 6as o1li+atory or'e. 3>RIDICAL C>S!OM$ C>S!OM$ Can 1e a s*77lementadditio s*77lementaddition n to a stat*tory la *nlie a so'ial '*stom- 6i'6 'annot do so. ears$ ,E/ days ea'6 Mont6s$ ,0 days B i desi+nated 1y t6eir name- t6ey s6all 1e 'om7*ted 1y t6e n*m1er o days t6at t6ey res7e'ti&ely 6a&e "o*r$ 2 6o*rs #i+6ts$ S*nset to s*nrise % In 'om7*tin+ a 7eriod irst day e?'l*de last day in'l*ded % All 'iti:e 'iti:ens ns or orei+ orei+ners ners 6o 6o soGo*rn soGo*rn are are s*1Ge't s*1Ge't to to all 7enal las and and las meant or 7*1li' se'*rity and saety. %
Art. 15: 0ationality 0ationality rule
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Art. 1%: 'eal Personal Personal Property Property
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Art. 1(: orms and 3olemnities 3olemnities of contracts4will/ acts done efore consular officials/ prohiitive laws
Re+ardless Re+ard less o 6ere a 'iti: 'iti:en en o t6e t6e P6ili77i P6ili77ines nes mi+6t mi+6t 1e 6e or s6e ill ill still 1e +o&erned 1y P6ili77ine las 6en it 'omes to amily ri+6tsd*ties- or to 6is or 6er le+al stat*s and le+al 'a7a'ity-
Real and and Personal Personal Pro7 Pro7erty erty are are s*1Ge't s*1Ge't to t6e t6e la o t6e 'o*nt 'o*ntry ry 6ere 6ere it is o*nd. "oe&er- 6en it 'omes to t6e order- amo*nt- and intrinsi' &alidity o t6e s*''ession it s6all 1e re+*lated 1y t6e la o t6e 7erson 6ose s*''ession is 1ein+ 'onsidered re+ardless o 6ere t6e 7ro7erty is to 1e o*nd. Extrinsic validity$ validity$ t6e las s6all +o&ern t6e orms o 'ontra'ts and ills 6ere t6ey are made. !6*s a ill made in t6e >.S. m*st ollo t6e las re+ardin+ t6e orms o ills in t6e >.S. Acts before Diplomatic and Consular Officials: Officials: Any Any a't or 'ontra't made in a orei+n 'o*ntry made 1eore t6e di7lomati' and 'ons*lar oi'ials m*st also 'onorm to P6ili77ine las. !6is is 1e'a*se in t6e 7remises o a di7lomati' oi'e t6e orei+n 'o*ntry ai&es its G*risdi'tion so t6e P6ili77ine las +o&ern in t6e 7remises o t6e P6ili77ine Di7lomati' Oi'e in orei+n 'o*ntries. Prohibitive a!s: Pro6i1iti&e las 'on'ernin+ 7ro7erty- 7ersons- t6eir a'ts and t6ose meant or 7*1li' order- 7*1li' 7oli'y- or +ood '*stoms ill 'ontin*e to 1e in
?'e7tion$ Forei+ners 6o are imm*ne rom s*it and t6*s 'annot 1e '6ar+ed (di7lomati' a+ents) !6*s a Fili7ino 'annot +et a di&or'e e&en i 6e or s6e +oes a1road- sin'e di&or'e is not re'o+ni:ed in t6e P6ili77ines
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
ee't e&en i t6e 7erson is in a dierent 'o*ntry it6 dierent las. ?. A Fili7ino +ets married to 2 omen in anot6er 'o*ntry 6ere 1i+amy is le+alt6e se'ond marria+e is &oid sin'e 1i+amy is not 7ermitted in t6e P6ili77ines. Art. 1): eficiency in the Code of Commerce and special laws
">MA# RLA!IO#S Art. 1+: Ause Ause of right doctrine doctrine
Art. 2,: willfully willfully or negligently negligently causes damage to another
Art. 21: Contrary to good customs/ morals/ or pulic policy
Art. 22: 6ne who who comes into the possession of another is oliged oliged to make restitution Art. 2!: 7ven if if the act was not
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6en t6ere are dei'ie dei'ien'ies n'ies in t6e t6e Code o Commer' Commer'e e and S7e'i S7e'ial al Las t6e 'i&il 'ode ill +o&ern s*'6 dei'ien'y. ?. In t6e Code o Commer'e t6ere is no stated 7res'ri7tion date or a 'ertain a't- t6*s t6e 7ro&isions on 7res'ri7tion in t6e 'i&il 'ode ill +o&ern. % "oe&er "oe &er one m*st '6e' t6e ind ind o trans transa'tio a'tion n at 6and 6and and and 6et6er 6et6er t6e 'i&il 'ode 7ro&ision is a77li'a1le ?. In a 7re&io*s 'ase- t6e Carria+e o oods 1y Sea A't t6ere is a one year 7res'ri7tion or main+ a 'laim or loss or dama+e and t6e 7lainti 1elie&ed t6at 6e 'o*ld e?tend t6e 7res'ri7ti&e 7eriod 1y +i&in+ a ritten demand 7*rs*ant to Art. // // o t6e 'i&il 'ode- es7e'ially sin'e t6e 'i&il 'ode is meant to to 1e s*77lementary a''ordin+ to Art. 4. "oe&er t6e S*7reme Co*rt r*led t6at it as not a77li'a1le 1e'a*se 6en it 'omes to matters o +oods in trans7ort it is desira1le t6at it 1e resol&ed at on'e tain+ into 'onsideration t6e nat*re o t6e +oods. %
Meant to 1e a la la o G*sti' G*sti'e e and airnes airness s es7e'ially es7e'ially in instan'es instan'es 6erein 6erein t6ere t6ere is no s7e'ii' la to 7re&ent a'ts o a1*se to anot6er. % It is a r*le r*le o 'ond* 'ond*'t 't t6at t6at is meant meant to 'reat 'reate e a 6armonio* 6armonio*s s and orderly orderly relati relation on s6i7 1eteen 7eo7le % S7eas S7ea s o t6e t6e +eneral +eneral san'tion san'tion or all all ot6er ot6er 7ro&isions 7ro&isions o o lala- 6i'6 6i'6 do not not es7e'ially 7ro&ide t6eir on san'tion. % Desi+ned Desi+ ned to ill ill in in t6e 'o*ntle 'o*ntless ss +a7s +a7s in t6e stat* stat*testes- 6i'6 6i'6 lea&e lea&e many many &i'tims &i'tims it6o*t re'o*rse. lements$ . !6e !6ere re is is an a't a't 6i' 6i'6 6 is le+a le+all 2. *t 6i'6 6i'6 is 'ontrary 'ontrary to moralsmorals- +ood '*stoms'*stoms- 7*1li' 7*1li' orderorder- 7*1li' 7*1li' 7oli'y 7oli'y ,. And itit is done done it6 it6 inten intentt to inG*r inG*re e % Pres*77oses material or ot6er loss 6i'6 one may s*er as a res*lt o anot6er 7ersonJs a't >#3>S! #RIC"M#!$ #RIC"M#!$ one s6o*ld not *nd*ly 7roit on somet6in+ 6i'6 6e does not on % !6*s i one is 1eneited at t6e e?7ense o anot6er- 6e m*st 7ay or indemniy t6e ot6er or 6at 6e 6as +ained.
@!6e t6ree arti'les are related to ea'6 ot6er and *nder t6ese arti'les an a't- 6i'6 'a*ses inG*ry to anot6er- may 1e made t6e 1asis or an aard or dama+es.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
due to ones fault or negligence he is still liale for indemnity if he was enefited. Art. 2$: Protecting the rights of the disadvantage Art. 25: 7#travagance during acute pulic want or emergency
Art. 2%: 'espect privacy of others. 'espect for human dignity Art. 2(: Pulic servant refuses or neglects to do his duty without -ust cause Art. 2): 8nfair competition Art. 2+: Civil action when guilt is not proved eyond reasonale dout Art. !,: Civil oligation arising from a criminal offense Art. !1: Civil oligation not arising from the felony
Art. !2: Civil action for violation of
It is t6e 'o*rts d*ty to render G*sti'e and +i&e 7rote'tion on a''o*nt o t6ose 6o are disad&anta+e d*e to moral de7enden'e- i+noran'e- indi+en'e (7o&erty)- mental eaness- tender a+e or ot6er 6andi'a7. !6e 'o*rts at t6e instan'e o t6e +o&ernment or any 7ri&ate '6arita1le instit*tion 'an order one to sto7 e?treme s7endin+ d*rin+ times o emer+en'y. ?. !6ere is a +asoline s'ar'ity and a ri'6 man 1*ys tons and tons o +asoline to 7oer 6is 7ri&ate am*sement 7ar. Bt6e 'o*rt may order 6im to sei:e s*'6 at t6e instan'e o t6e +o&ernment or '6arita1le instit*tion to 7re&ent s*'6 in times o emer+en'y. % Meant to enor'e t6e ri+6t o one to 6is 7ri&a'y in oneJs on 6ome- reli+io*s reedom7re&ent moral s*erin+- &e?ation- 6*miliation% One may ile an a'tion or dama+es a+ainst t6e oi'er 6o does not 7erorm 6is oi'ial d*ty it6o*t G*st 'a*se. % A 7*1li' oi'er 6o 'ommits a tort or ot6er ron+*l a't is still lia1le to t6e &i'tim. % #e'essary to 7romote a system o ree enter7rise and a air '6an'e or ot6ers to en+a+e in 1*siness and earn a li&in+. % I in a 'riminal 'ase- t6e a''*sed is not 7ro&en +*ilty 1eyond reasona1le do*1t a 'i&il a'tion may 1e made and t6e de+ree o 7roo ne'essary is only a 7re7onderan'e o e&iden'e 6i'6 means t6at more e&iden'e is add*'ed to 7ro&e t6e +*ilt o t6e a''*sed 'om7ared to t6at to deend 6im. % A 'i&il o1li+ation arisin+ rom a 'riminal oense only needs a 7re7onderan'e o e&iden'e as t6e *ant*m o 7roo% >s*ally a 'riminal 7ro'eedin+- i 'ommen'ed- m*st 1e terminated 1eore a 'i&il 7ro'eedin+ 'an 1e+in. I a 'i&il 7ro'eedin+ 6as 1e+*n and later on a 'riminal 7ro'eedin+ is iled- t6e 'i&il 7ro'eedin+ is 7*t on 6old *ntil t6e 'riminal 7ro'eedin+ 6as inis6ed. % "oe&er 6en t6e 'i&il o1li+ation is se7arate rom t6e 'rime 'ommitted it may 7ro'eed inde7endently o t6e 'riminal 7ro'eedin+. % Certain inG*ries do not arise rom t6e 'ommission o a 'rime. ?. A 1*s dri&er 'ras6es t6e 1*s 1e'a*se 6e is dr*n. !6e 'i&il a'tion 6ere is 1ased rom t6e 1rea'6 o t6e 'ontra't*al o1li+ation o all 'ommon 'arriers to tae e?tra dili+en'e in dri&in+ 6is 7assen+ers. !6e 'riminal a'tion 6ere is 1ased on t6e dri&erJs 'riminal ne+li+en'e. !6e irst is +o&erned 1y t6e 'i&il 'ode and t6e se'ond is rom t6e Re&ised Penal Code. % #e'essary to 6a&e an a1sol*te se7arate and inde7endent 'i&il a'tion or t6e &iolation
!6e to*'6stone o e&ery system o las is 6o ar it di+niies man. @I t6e oi'er is no day o- t6en one 'annot ile an a'tion a+ainst 6im.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
constitutional rights Art. !!: Civil action for violation of private rights
Art. !$: 9emers of the Police orce
o 'i&il li1erties or t6e ee'ti&e maintenan'e o demo'ra'y. % Prin'i7le is to allo t6e 'iti:en to enor'e 6is ri+6ts re+ardless o State a'tion so t6at 'iti:ens ill not de7end *7on t6e +o&ernment or t6e &indi'ation o t6eir on 7ri&ate ri+6ts. % In'l*des ra*d- deamation- 76ysi'al inG*ries and are *nderstood in t6eir ordinary sense.
6en t6ere is dan+er to lie or 7ro7erty- and t6e 7oli'e oi'er re*ses to +i&e aid and 7rote'tion- s*'6 7ea'e oi'er s6all 1e 7rimarily lia1le or dama+es- and t6e 'ity or m*ni'i7ality s6all 1e s*1sidiarily res7onsi1le. % An inde7endent 'i&il a'tion 'an 1e instit*ted 6erein a 7re7onderan'e o e&iden'e is all t6at is re*ired. Art !5: 'eservation of civil action % 6en a 7erson 'laimin+ to 1e inG*red 1y a 'riminal oense- '6ar+es anot6er 1*t t6e G*d+es ails to ind any 'rime to 6a&e 1een 'ommitted or i t6e 7rose'*tin+ attorney re*sesails to instit*te 'riminal 7ro'eedin+s- 'om7lainant may ile a 'i&il a'tion or dama+es a+ainst t6e alle+ed oender Art. !%: Pre-udicial uestions % !6e +eneral r*le is t6at t6e 'riminal 'ase taes 7re'eden'eK an e?'e7tion o*ld 1e i t6ere e?ist 7reG*di'ial *estions- 6i'6 s6o*ld 1e resol&ed 1eore t6e 'riminal 'ase. PR3>DICIAL >S!IO#$ !6at 6i'6 m*st 7re'ede t6e 'riminal a'tion t6at 6i'6 re*ires a de'ision 1eore a inal G*d+ment is rendered in t6e 7rin'i7al a'tion 6ere t6e said *estion is 'losely 'onne'ted. !6e resol*tion o t6e PreG*di'ial *estion ill determine i t6e 'riminal a'tion may 7ro'eed. ?. A and +ot married. t6en married C. A iled a 'ase or 1i+amy a+ainst . also iled a 'i&il 'ase a+ainst C (t6e se'ond s7o*se) 'ontendin+ t6at s6e as intimidated into marryin+ C. !6e 'i&il 'ase to determine 6et6er t6ere as intimidation or not m*st ne'essary 1e resol&ed 1eore t6e 1i+amy 'ase. I as indeed intimidated in marryin+ C- t6ere is no 1i+amy. CIVIL PRSO#ALI!$ #RAL PROVISIO#S Art. !(: *uridical Capacity and 3>RIDICAL CAPACI!$ itness to 1e t6e s*1Ge't o le+al relations- in6erent in e&ery Capacity to Act. 7erson and is lost only t6ro*+6 deat6. % A'*ired 6en one is 'on'ei&ed (ri+6ts o t6e *n1orn '6ild) CAPACI! !O AC!$ 7oer to do a'ts it6 le+al ee't- may 1e a'*ired o lost % A'*ired 6en one rea'6es t6e a+e o maGority- lost in 'ases lie 'i&il interdi'tion. Art. !): 'estrictions on the Restri'tions on t6e 'a7a'ity to a't$ Minority- insanity or im1e'ility- state o 1ein+ a dea% 1
@Criminal ne+li+en'e (re'less im7r*den'e) is not in'l*ded in t6is arti'le- t6*s an inde7endent a'tion or s*'6 'annot 1e made inde7endently rom t6e 'riminal 7rose'*tion.
%
I 'om7laint 1e mali'io*sdeendant may 'an 1e indemniied t6ro*+6 t6e 7laintiJs 1ond
@ ot6 men and omen are
An a''essory 7enalty or t6e 'ommission o an oense- 6i'6 de7ri&es t6e oender d*rin+ t6e time o 6is senten'e t6e ri+6ts o 7arental a*t6ority- or +*ardians6i7- ri+6t to mana+e 6is 7ro7erty and t6e ri+6t to dis7ose o s*'6 7ro7erty 1y any a't.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
capacity to act Art. !+: 9odification or limit capacity to act #A!>RAL PRSO#S Art. $,: Commencement of Civil personality
m*te- 7rodi+ality- and 'i&il interdi'tion are mere restri'tions on t6e 'a7a'ity to a't. B Do not e?em7t t6e 7erson rom 'ertain o1li+ations. Modiylimit 'a7a'ity to a't$ a+e- insanity- im1e'ility- t6e state o 1ein+ a dea%m*te7enalty- 7rodi+ality- amily relations- aliena+e- a1sen'e- insol&en'y- and tr*stees6i7.
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Art. $1: conditions to determine when the child is considered conceived.
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Art. $2: Civil personality e#tinguished at death
% %
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Art. $!: out etween the death of two or more persons
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% % 3>RIDICAL PRSO#S Art. $$: &ho are -uridical persons Art. $5: &hat governs -uridical persons Art. $%: 'ights and oligations of -uridical persons
irt6 determines 7ersonality 1*t t6e 'on'ei&ed '6ild s6all 1e 'onsidered 1orn or all 7*r7oses t6at are a&ora1le to it. Pro&ided t6at t6e 'on'ei&ed '6ild is later 1orn it6 t6e 'onditions in Art. . !6e et*s is 'onsidered 1orn i it is ali&e rom t6e time it as 'om7letely deli&ered rom t6e mot6erJs om1. >! i t6e et*s as ali&e in t6e om1 or less t6an 5 mont6s it is not deemed 1orn i it dies it6in 2 6o*rs it is deli&ered orm t6e om1. Deat6 7*ts an end to 'i&il 7ersonality Dead 7erson 'ontin*es to 6a&e 7ersonality only t6ro*+6 'ontra't- ill- or as determined 1y la. B Creditors 'an still 'laim rom t6e estate o t6e de'eased any o1li+ation d*e to t6em. #o 6*man 1ody s6all 1e 1*ried *nless t6e 7ro7er deat6 'ertii'ate 6as 1een 7resented and re'orded 6oe&er d*rin+ an e7idemi' 1odies may 1e 1*ried 7ro&ided t6at t6e deat6 'ertii'ate 1e se'*red it6in / days ater t6e 1*rial. A77lies to 7ersons 6o are 'alled to s*''eed ea'6 ot6er lie mot6er and '6ild. (#e'essary to determine t6e amo*nt o in6eritan'e one is to re'ei&etransmission o ri+6ts- et'.) I t6ere is no 7roo as to 6o died irst- t6ey are 7res*med to 6a&e died at t6e same time and t6*s no transmission o ri+6ts rom one to t6e ot6er. Proo o deat6 'annot 1e esta1lis6ed rom mere ineren'e or 7res*m7tions. It m*st 1e esta1lis6ed 1y 'lear 7ositi&e e&iden'e.
3>RIDICAL PRSO#$ ein+ o le+al e?isten'e s*s'e7ti1le o ri+6ts and o1li+ations. . State$ or+ani:ed 'or7orate so'iety *nder a +o&ernment it6 t6e le+al 'om7eten'e to e?a't o1edien'e o its 'ommands. It 'an enter into treaties and 'ontra'ts. % !6e state 'annot 1e s*ed it6o*t its 'onsent (im7lied or e?7ressed) 2. Political subdivisions$ m*ni'i7al 'or7orations t6at 'onsist o 7ro&in'es- 'ities and m*ni'i7alities. !6ey 'an 1e s*ed 1e'a*se it is +ranted 1y t6eir '6arters 1*t t6ey are +enerally not lia1le or torts 'ommitted in t6e dis'6ar+e o t6eir +o&ernmental *n'tions. ,. Corporation: An artii'ial 1ein+ 'reated 1y o7eration o la and 6as t6e 7oers
*aliied rom all a'ts o 'i&il lie 6en t6ey rea'6 t6e a+e o maGority (4 years old)
%For 7*r7oses o in6eritan'e and s*''ession- a '6ild 'on'ei&ed at t6e time o deat6 o t6e de'edent 'an s
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
and attri1*tes +ranted to it 1y t6e la- 6i'6 'reated it. Partnership: 2 or more 7ersons 1ind t6emsel&es to mae 'ontri1*tions to a 'ommon *nd it6 t6e intention o di&idin+ t6e 7roits amon+ t6emsel&es. @Cor7orations- 7artners6i7s- and asso'iations or 7ri&ate interest and 7*r7ose may 1e +ranted a se7arate and distin't 7ersonality rom t6e s6are6olders or mem1ers (t6is is non as t6e &eil o 'or7orate i'tion). "oe&er- t6is &eil may 1e 7ier'ed- t6*s main+ t6e s6are6olders and mem1ers lia1le- 6en t6e i'tion is *sed to deeat 7*1li' 'on&enien'e- G*stiy ron+- 7rote't ra*d- deend 'rime- 7er7etrate de'e7tion- et'. @State and 7oliti'al s*1di&isions- ot6er 'or7orations- instit*tions- and entities or 7*1li' interest or 7*r7ose are +o&erned 1y t6e las 'reatin+ t6em. @Pri&ate 'or7orations are re+*lated 1y las o +eneral a77li'ation on t6e s*1Ge't @Partners6i7s are +o&erned 1y t6e 7ro&isions o t6is Code 'on'ernin+ 7artners6i7s @3*ridi'al 7ersons may a'*ire and 7ossess 7ro7erty o all inds and in'*r o1li+ations in 'onormity it6 t6e las and re+*lations o t6eir or+ani:ation. % >7on t6e dissol*tion o s*'6 entities mentioned a1o&e- t6eir 7ro7erties and ot6er assets s6o*ld 1e dis7osed o in 7*rs*an'e o la or t6e '6arter 'reatin+ it. % I t6ere is not6in+ in t6e la- it s6all 1e a77lied or a similar 7*r7ose or t6e 1eneit o t6e re+ion7ro&in'e'ity it is in. .
Art. $(: issolution of corporations
CI!I#S"IP A#D DOMICIL Art. $): &ho are citi;ens Citi:ens o t6e P6ili77ines$ of the Philippines . !6ose 6o are 'iti:ens at t6e time o t6e ado7tion o t6e P6ili77ine Constit*tion. 2. !6ose 1orn in t6e P6ili77ines- 1eore t6e ado7tion o t6e said 'onstit*tion- it6 Art. $+: 0aturali;ation orei+n 7arents 6o 6a&e 1een ele'ted to 7*1li' oi'e in t6e P6ili77ines. and reac
"us San#uinis$ Reers to 'iti:ens6i7 1y 1lood. !6is is t6e 'on'e7t olloed in t6e P6ili77ines. "us Soli$ Reers to 'iti:ens6i7 on t6e 1asis o t6e 7la'e o 1irt6 Ac$uisition of Citizenship$ or a orei+ner to 1e a1le to 1e'ome a P6ili77ine 'iti:en- a 7ro7er 7etition s6all 1e iled in t6e 7ro7er 'o*rt. %round for &eac$uisition of Citizenship: .y nat*rali:ation 2.Re7atriation o deserters o t6e Army- #a&y or Air Cor7s. (oman 6o 6as lost 6er 'iti:ens6i7 1y reason o marria+e to an alien may 1e re7atriated ater t6e termination o
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 51: omicile of -uridical person
% 6en t6e la 'reates or re'o+ni:es a G*ridi'al 7erson 1*t doesnJt i? t6e domi'ile it s6all 1e *nderstood to 1e t6e 7la'e 6ere it 6as le+al r e7resentation
6er marital stat*s) ,.y dire't a't o 'on+ress
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
'(E )A*I+ CODE O) '(E P(IIPPI,ES: !oo ee't on A*+*st ,- 944 si+ned 1y President Cora:on A*ino (?e'*ti&e Order 209) '78"3"=73 6 9A''"A>7: Article Summary of Annotation Additional Info-Exceptions-Connected !ith: Art. 1: Marriage is a special contract of permanent union #at*re o Marria+e$ @Marria+e as a s7e'ial 'ontra't between a man and a woman entered into in accordance %Marria+e is one o t6e <1asi' 'i&il ri+6ts o man.= !6e reedom 'annot 1e restri'ted 1y with the law for the establishment of conjugal and family life. to marry 6as 1een re'o+ni:ed as a &ital 7ersonal ri+6t toards dis'riminatory 7oli'ies o 7ri&ate It is the foundation of the family and an inviolable social t6e 7*rs*it o manJs 6a77iness. indi&id*als or 'or7orations. %Still 'onsidered as a s7e'ial 'i&il 'ontra't re+*lated 1y la institution whose nature, conseuences, and incidents are governed by law and not subject to stipulation, except that d*e to t6e 6i+6 state interest in 7rote'tin+ and sae+*ardin+ *AI.O&DE& /&IDE$ marriage settlements may fix the property r elations during t6e amily. 'onsidered as a 'riminal oense the marriage within the limits provided by the code. %A 'ontra't to marry- *nlie ot6er 'ontra'ts- 'annot 1e modiied 1e'a*se marria+e is &ested it6 or '6an+ed. On'e it is e?e'*ted a relation is ormed 1eteen 7*1li' interest. (Conne'ted it6 t6e 7arties t6at 'annot 1e altered. !6e la ste7s in to 6old or t6e Anti%!rai'in+ A't) 1ind t6e 7arties to+et6er. A'ts 7*nis6ed$ %A s*1se*ent marria+e 1eteen t6e ra7ist and ra7ed &i'tim . Carry on s*'6 a 1*siness e?tin+*is6es t6e 'riminal a'tion or 7enalty o t6e ra7ist. In 2. !o ad&ertis e t6e 7romotio n o 'ase o marital ra7e2 s*'6 a'ts. ,. Soli'it or attra't or any Fili7ino Marria+e Stat*s$ Marria+e 'reates a so'ial stat*s- 6i'6 t6e oman to 1e'ome a mem1er in a state is interested in 7rote'tin+. It is a 'ase 6ere a do*1le 'l*1 t6at mat'6es omen or stat*s is 'reated- in&ol&es and ae'ts to 7ersons. marria+e to orei+n nationals or a ee. Marria+e in International La$ men and omen o *ll a+e . >se t6e 7ostal ser&i'e to it6o*t any limitation d*e to ra'e- nationality or reli+ion 6a&e 7romote t6e 7ro6i1ited a'ts. t6e ri+6t to marry and o*nd a amily. . >ni&ersal De'laration o "*man Ri+6ts !"#I$I%& '( M"))I"*+ 2. International Co&enant on 'onomi'- So'ial and C*lt*ral governed by the law effective at Ri+6ts the time of the celebration of the ,. International Co&enant on Ci&il and Politi'al Ri+6ts. marriage. Constit*tional Prote'tion$ !6e State re'o+ni:es t6e san'tity o amily lie and s6all 7rote't and stren+t6en it. !6e state also re'o+ni:es marria+e as an in&iola1le so'ial instit*tion and t6e 2
Marital ra7e is no 'onsidered a 'rime 6erein t6e le+al 6*s1and is t6e oender and t6e ie is t6e &i'tim. Prior to t6is marital ra7e as not 'onsidered a 'rime 1e'a*se it as 'onsidered t6e ri+6t o t6e 6*s1and to 6a&e se?*al inter'o*rse it6 6is ie 6ene&er 6e 7leased.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
o*ndation o t6e amily and s6all 1e 7rote'ted 1y t6e state. @ !6e 'onstit*tional 7ro&isions on marria+e 6oe&er do #O! mean t6at le+islat*re 'annot ena't a la alloin+ a1sol*te di&or'e. Marria+e is s*1Ge't to t6e 'ontrol o t6e le+islat*re 1*t it m*st not 'ontra&ene mandates o Constit*tion.
Art 2: -o marriage shall be valid unless these essential reuisites are present 1. #egal capacity of the contracting parties who must be a male and female. 2. onsent freely given in the presence of the solemni/ing officer
Art. !: %he formal reuisites of marriage are 1. "uthority of the solemni/ing officer 2. " valid marriage license except in the cases provided for in hapter 2 of this title 3. " marriage ceremony which ta0es place with the appearance of the contracting parties before the solemni/ing officer and their personal declaration that they ta0e each other as husband and wife in
Pro7erty Relations$ Only 7ro7erty relations may 1e i?ed and arran+ed in a marria+e settlement 7rior to t6e marria+e 'eremony. "oe&er it m*st still ollo t6e mandatory 7ro&isions o t6e Family Code. E%A CAPACI'+$ Marryin+ a+e is 4 years old and a1o&et6*s i one o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties is 1elo 4 years o a+et6e marria+e is &oid. % !6ey 'annot 1e related to ea'6 ot6er as 7ro&ided 1y Art. ,5 and Art. ,4 (in'est*o*s marria+es and t6ose a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y). % !6ere s6o*ld 1e no 7re&io*s &alid s*1sistin+ marria+eK ot6erise t6e s*1se*ent marria+e ill 1e 1i+amo*s. DI))E&E,' SE0$ !6ere s6o*ld 1e a male and a emale. Marria+e is desira1le d*e to t6e im7ortan'e o 7ro'reation 6i'6 is one o t6e reasons 6y same se? marria+es are 7ro6i1ited (d*e to t6e im7ossi1ility o re7rod*'tion) CO,SE,': . M*st 1e reely +i&en 2. Made in t6e 7resen'e o t6e solemni:in+ oi'er % A1sen'e o 'onsent maes t6e marria+e &oid. "oe&er i t6ere is 'onsent 1*t s*'6 as o1tained t6ro*+6 or'e- ra*d- *nd*e inl*en'e- et' t6en it is only &oida1le. A1'(O&I'+ O) '(E SOE*I2I,% O))ICE&: % !6ose en*merated in Arti'le 5- 6e m*st 6a&e t6e a*t6ority. !6*s a 7riest 6o 6as not reneed 6is li'ense to marry does not 6a&e t6e a*t6ority and 'annot 1e 'onsidered or marria+e. % !6e Lo'al o&ernment Code (3an. - 992) 7ro&ides t6at a mayor o a 'ity or m*ni'i7ality may no solemni:e marria+es.
Se? '6an+e$ 6as not 1een s6on t6at se? reassi+nment s*r+ery o*ld allo one to 7rod*'e 6*man 1ein+s. !6o*+6ts to 7onder$ Marria+e s6o*ld not to 1e enGoyed only 1y 6eterose?*al 'o*7les. !6e ri+6t to marry- o*nd a amily- identity7ersonality are all ri+6ts o 6*man 1ein+s. @Parties m*st 1e 7ersonally 7resent- 7ro?y marria+es are 7ro6i1ited in t6e P6ili77ines.
@Pres*m7tion leans toards t6e le+ality o t6e marria+e t6*s t6e a*t6ority o t6e oi'er is 7res*med a1sen'e t6e s6oin+ any 7roo to t6e 'ontrary. Merely Irre+*larities in marria+e li'ense$
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
the presence of not less than 2 witnesses of legal age. Art. $: %he absence of any of the essential or formal reuisites shall render the marriage void ab initio, except as stated in "rticle 3 2 6en one o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties 1elie&ed in +ood ait6 t6at t6e solemni:in+ oi'er 6ad a*t6ority t6en t6e marria+e is &alid) " defect in any of the essential reuisites shall render the marriage voidable as provided in "rticle 4. "n irregularity in the formal reuisites shall not affect the validity of the marriage but the party or parties responsible for the irregularity shall be civilly, criminally and administratively liable. Art. 5: "ny male or female of the age of eighteen years or upwards not under any of the impediments mentioned in "rticles 35 and 36 in'est*o*s marria+es and t6ose a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y. may contract marriage. Art. %: -o prescribed form or religious rite for the solemni/ation of the marriage is reuired. It shall be necessary, however, for the contracting parties to appear personally before the solemni/ing officer and declare in the presence of not less than two witnesses of legal age that they ta0e each other as husband and wife. %his declaration shall be contained in the marriage certificate which shall be signed by the contracting parties and their witnesses and attested by the solemni/ing officer. In case of marriage in articulo mortis, when the party is at the point of death is unable to sign the marriage certificate, it shall be sufficient for one of the witnesses to the marriage to write the name of said party, which fact shall be attested by the solemni/ing officer.
. Chapter 3 'itle 4 of )amily Code: exempt from license . "rticle 25 $ ot6 7arties are in arti'*lo mortis marria+e ill 1e &alid e&en i t6e ailin+ 7arty s*r&i&es. 2. "rticle 26 $ Residen'e is in a remote 7la'e In 1ot6 'ases t6e solemni:in+ oi'er m*st state in an aida&it t6at t6e marria+e as 7erormed as s*'6 and t6at 6e too ne'essary ste7s to as'ertain t6e a+es and t6at t6ere ere no le+al im7ediments to t6e marria+e. ,. "rticle 33$ Marria+es amon+ M*slims or et6ni' '*lt*ral 'omm*nities- as lon+ as 7erormed in a''ordan'e it6 t6eir '*stoms- rites- 7ra'ti'es. . "rt i'le ,$ Co6a1itation 1y t6e 'o*7le or / years @ M*slims are +o&erned 1y Code o M*slim 7ersonal las o t6e P6ili77ines and not t6e Family 'ode 1*t t6e ot6er et6ni' +ro*7s m*st 'om7ly it6 t6e ot6er re*isites as t6ey are +o&erned 1y t6e Family 'ode. /. Arti'le ,$ Co6a1itation 1eteen man and oman or at least / years it6 no le+al im7ediment at time o marria+e. •
5AID *A&&IA%E ICE,SE: % Lasts or 20 days rom t6e date o iss*e and ee'ti&e it6in any 7art o t6e P6ili77ines only. *A&&IA%E CE&E*O,+: % Family 'ode only re'o+ni:es 'eremonial marria+es 1*t t6ere is no 7res'ri1ed orm o marria+e 'eremony. % !6e minim*m re*irement is t6at t6e 7arties 7ersonally a77ear 1eore t6e solemni:in+ oi'er and de'lare t6at t6ey tae ea'6 ot6er in t6e 7resen'e o at least 2 itness o le+al a+e. @ De'laration does not 6a&e to 1e &o'ally e?7ressed may 1e inerred 1y t6e ords *sed- t6e manner t6e 'eremony as
2. ,.
. /.
E.
Marria+e li'ense as made in a dierent 7la'e ot6er t6an t6eir residen'e. #ame stated t6erein is dierent or miss7elled Misre7resentation o a+e (1*t 6as to 1e eman'i7ated;4 years and a1o&e) #on%dis'los*re o 7rior marria+e and di&or'e Falsely stated t6at 6e or s6e 6ad not 1een 7re&io*sly married. Falsely sore t6at 6e or s6e is not *nder +*ardians6i7.
@ I t6e 'o*7le 6a&e a &alid marria+e li'ense 1*t or+ot to 1rin+ it t6en marria+e ill 1e &alid (1*t i t6ey donJt 6a&e one and 7ro'*red one ater t6e marria+e 'eremony t6e marria+e ill 1e &oid) @ Common la marria+es- 6i'6 are non%'eremonial- are not re'o+ni:ed in t6e P6ili77ines.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. (: Marriage may be solemni/ed by 1. "ny incumbent member of the judiciary within the court7s jurisdiction 2. "ny priest, rabbi, imam, or minister of any church or religious sect duly authori/ed by his church or religious sect and registered within the civil registrar general, acting within the limits of the written authority granted him by his church or religious sect and provided that at least one of the contracting parties belongs to the solemni/ing officers church or religious sect 3. "ny ship captain or airplane chief in cases mentioned in "rticle 31 4. "ny military commander of a unit to which a chaplain is assigned, in the absence of the latter, during a military operation, li0ewise only in the cases mentioned in "rticle 32 or . "ny consul8general, consul or vice consul in the case provided in "rticle 19.
made- et'. I a eddin+ too 7la'e t6ere is a 7res*m7tion t6at t6ere as an e?'6an+e o &os. @ !6e a1sen'e o 2 itnesses o le+al a+e is merely an irre+*larity in t6e 'eremony and does not ae't t6e &alidity o t6e marria+e. % !6ere is a need to limit t6e 7ersons 6o 'an solemni:e marria+es sin'e marria+e is an im7ortant instit*tion t6e state ants to sae+*ard and 7rote't. % e'a*se t6e state is interested in marria+e- it 1e'omes a 7arty t6ereto 1y maniested in t6e 'onsent re*ired and +ranted to limited n*m1er o oi'ers. 3>DS$ t6ey 'an only solemni:e marria+es it6in t6eir G*risdi'tion and t6ey m*st 1e in'*m1ent. ourt of %ax "ppeals, :andiganbayan, ourt of "ppeals, :upreme ourt -ational jurisdiction A1sen'e o G*risdi'tion o*ld mean t6e a1sen'e o t6e a*t6ority o t6e solemni:in+ oi'er and t6*s t6e marria+e ill 1e n*ll and &oid. PRIS!MI#IS!R OF A C">RC" OR RLIIO>S SC!$ 6e s6o*ld 1e a*t6ori:ed 1y t6e '6*r'6 to do so- 6e m*st 1e re+istered it6 t6e 'i&il re+istry- and at least one o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties 1elon+s to 6is or 6er '6*r'6. S"IP CAP!IA#PILO!$ one o t6e 7arties m*st 1e at t6e 7oint o deat6- t6e marria+e m*st 1e 1eteen t6e 7assen+ers or 'remem1ers- and t6e s6i7 or 7lane m*st 1e at sea or in li+6t. An assistant 7ilot 6as no a*t6ority to solemni:e marria+es e&en i t6e main 7ilot dies. MILI!AR COMMA#DR$ "e or s6e s6o*ld 1e a military 'ommander o a *nit- 6e or s6e m*st 1e a 'ommissioned oi'er (6is ran s6o*ld start rom se'ond lie*tenant)- a '6a7lain s6o*ld 6a&e 1een assi+ned to t6e *nit and s*'6 '6a7lain is a1sent- t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties m*st also 1e in arti'*lo mortis eit6er mem1ers o t6e military o7eration or
@ Sto7o&ers d*rin+ a li+6t or &oya+e are still 'onsidered 7art o t6e Go*rney. @I t6e 6ost 'o*ntry allos marria+es to 1e solemni:ed 1y 'ons*ls t6en e&en i 1eteen a Fili7ino and non%Fili7ino- t6e marria+e ill still 1e &alid in a''ordan'e it6 Art. 2E- 6i'6 re'o+ni:es international 'omity.
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%OOD )AI'( O) PA&'IES: i t6e 7erson 6o solemni:ed t6e marria+e did not le+ally 6a&e t6e a*t6ority to solemni:e a marria+e- i 1ot6 or one o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties 1elie&ed t6at s*'6 a 7erson did 6a&e t6e a*t6ority t6e marria+e ill 1e &alid. ?. A 7riest did not rene 6is li'ense to marry t6ereore does not 6a&e t6e a*t6ority to marry. I one o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties ne o t6is 1*t t6e ot6er did not t6e marria+e is still &alid. "OVR- t6ey m*st 1e one o
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. ): %he marriage shall be solemni/ed publicly in the chambers of the judge or in open court in the church, chapel or temple, or in the office of the consul8general, consul or vice8consul, as the case may be, and not elsewhere, except in the cases of marriages contracted at the point of death or in remote places in accordance with "rticle 2; of this ode, or where both of the parties reuest the solemni/ing officer in writing in which case the marriage may be solemni/ed at a house or place designated by them in a sworn statement to that effect. Art. + " marriage license shall be issued by the local civil registrar of the city or municipality where either contracting party habitually resides, except in marriages where no license is reuired in accordance with hapter 2 of this %itle. Art. 1,: Marriages between (ilipino citi/ens abroad may be solemni/ed by a consul8general, consul or vice consul of the )epublic of the
'i&ilians- m*st 1e it6in military :one (t6ere s6o*ld 1e ides7read military a'ti&ity not merely 7ra'ti'e). CO#S>L%#RAL- CO#S>L- OR VIC CO#S>L$ t6ey 'an only solemni:e marria+es a1road 6en 1ot6 t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties are Fili7ino. @ !6ey also 7erorm t6e d*ties o a lo'al 'i&il re+istrar (lie iss*in+ t6e li'ense et'.) @ #o matter 6ere t6ey are t6e solemnities and re*irements mandated 1y P6ili77ine La s6all 1e o1ser&ed. MAOR$ P*rs*ant to t6e Lo'al o&ernment Code- t6e mayor o a 'ity or m*ni'i7ality 'an no solemni:e marria+es. @ 6en t6e mayor 'annot 7erorm 6is d*ties- t6e a'tin+ mayor 6as t6e a*t6ority to solemni:e marria+es. % #ot mandatory 1*t dire'tory in nat*re. % Its non%'om7lian'e ill not mae t6e marria+e &oid 1*t ill only 'a*se 'i&il- 'riminal- or administrati&e lia1ility. ?'e7tions to &en*e stated$ . 6en t6e marria+e is in arti'*lo mortis 2. 6en t6e marria+e is in a remote 7la'e (trans7ortation et'. is dii'*lt to 'ome 1y) ,. 6en re*ested 1y 1ot6 7arties in ritin+. % !6e marria+e li'ense s6o*ld 1e 7ro'*red rom t6e 'i&il re+istrar o t6e 'ity or m*ni'i7ality 6ere eit6er o t6em resides. "oe&er i t6ey o1tain it rom anot6er 7la'e it is merely an irre+*larity and does not ae't t6e &alidity o t6e marria+e. % !6e 'ons*lar oi'ials a1sor1 t6e d*ties o t6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar and t6e solemni:in+ oi'er 6en Fili7inos is6 to 1e married a1road. % !6e 'eremony and re*irements s6o*ld 1e in a''ordan'e it6 P6ili77ine la.
t6e 7eo7le 6o 'an 1e a*t6ori:ed i t6ey are not t6e marria+e ill 1e &oid (i+noran'e o t6e la e?'*ses no one) ?. A 'o*7le +oes to a Ganitor to +et married. &en i 1ot6 7arties are in +ood ait6 in t6inin+ t6at a Ganitor 'an solemni:e a marria+e t6ey s6o*ld no 6o 1y la are a*t6ori:ed to.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 11: =here a marriage license is reuired, each of the % Statin+ all rele&ant a'ts needed in order to determine contracting parties shall file separately a sworn application le+al 'a7a'ity to marry and t6e eli+i1ility o t6e for such license with the proper local civil registrar which 7arties. shall specify the following % Main 7*r7ose is to dis'o*ra+e de'e7tion- and relie&e 1. (ull name of the contracting parties rom do*1t t6e stat*s o 7arties 6o li&e to+et6er. 2.
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% man'i7ation is o1tained at 4K marria+e no lon+er eman'i7ates a '6ild 1e'a*se t6ey m*st 1e 4 years o a+e to marry. % Contra'tin+ 7arties 4 years old and a1o&e 1*t LO 2 years o a+e m*st o1tain t6e 'onsent o t6eir at6er- mot6er- s*r&i&in+ 7arent- or +*ardian in t6e order mentioned. (#on%'om7lian'e maes t6e marria+e ann*lla1le)
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
the application, or when the local civil registrar shall, by merely loo0ing at the applicants upon their personally appearing before him, be convinced that either or both of them have the reuired age. Art. 1!. In case either of the contracting parties has been previously married, the applicant shall be r euired to furnish, instead of the birth or baptismal certificate reuired in the last preceding article, the death certificate of the deceased spouse or the judicial decree of the absolute divorce, or the judicial decree of annulment or declaration of nullity of his or her previous marriage. In case the death certificate cannot be secured, the party shall ma0e an affidavit setting forth this circumstance and his or her actual civil status and the name and date of death of the deceased spouse. Art. 1$. In case either or both of the contracting parties, not having been emancipated by a previous marriage, are between the ages of eighteen and twenty8one, they shall, in addition to the reuirements of the preceding articles, exhibit to the local civil registrar, the consent to their marriage of their father, mother, surviving parent or guardian, or persons having legal charge of them, in the order mentioned. :uch consent shall be manifested in writing by the interested party, who personally appears before the proper local civil registrar, or in the form of an affidavit made in the presence of two witnesses and attested before any official authori/ed by law to administer oaths. %he personal manifestation shall be recorded in both applications for marriage license, and the affidavit, if one is executed instead, shall be attached to said applications.
Art. 15: "ny contracting party between the age of twenty8one and twenty8five shall be obliged to as0 their parents or guardian for advice upon the intended marriage. If they do not obtain such advice, or if it be unfavorable, the marriage license shall not be issued till after three months following the completion of the publication of the application therefore. " sworn statement by the contracting parties to the effect that such advice has been sought, together with the written advice given, if any, shall be attached to the application for marriage license. :hould the parents or guardian refuse to give any advice, this fact shall be stated in the sworn statement.
% A1sen'e o 7arental ad&i'e does not ae't t6e marria+e. % Only delays t6e iss*an'e o t6e marria+e li'ense or , mont6s 1*t ater , mont6s t6e li'ense m*st 1e iss*ed.
Art. 1% . In the cases where parental consent or parental advice is needed, the party or parties concerned shall, in addition to the reuirements of the preceding articles, attach a certificate issued by a priest, imam or minister authori/ed to solemni/e marriage under "rticle 5 of this ode or a marriage counselor duly accredited by the proper government agency to the effect that the contracting parties have undergone marriage counseling. (ailure to attach said certificates of marriage counseling shall suspend the issuance of the marriage license for a period of three months from the completion of the publication of the application. Issuance of the marriage license within the prohibited period shall subject the issuing officer to administrative sanctions but shall not affect the validity of the marriage. :hould only one of the contracting parties need parental consent or parental advice, the other party must be present at the counseling referred to in the preceding paragraph Art. 1(: %he local civil registrar shall prepare a notice, which % It is t6e d*ty o t6e 'i&il re+istrar to 7ost a noti'e inormin+ shall contain the full names and residences of the applicants t6e 7*1li' o t6e im7endin+ marria+e. !6e 7*r7ose o 6i'6 is
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
for a marriage license and other data given in the applications. %he notice shall be posted for ten consecutive days on a bulletin board outside the office of the local civil registrar located in a conspicuous place within the building and accessible to the general public. %his notice shall reuest all persons having 0nowledge of any impediment to the marriage to advise the local civil registrar thereof. %he marriage license shall be issued after the completion of the period of publication. Art. 1): In case of any impediment 0nown to the local civil registrar or brought to his attention, he shall note down the particulars thereof and his findings thereon in the application for marriage license, but shall nonetheless issue said license after the completion of the period of publication, unless ordered otherwise by a competent court at his own instance or that of any interest party. -o filing fee shall be charged for the petition nor a corresponding bond reuired for the issuances of the order. Art. 1+. %he local civil registrar shall reuire the payment of the fees prescribed by law or regulations before the issuance of the marriage license. -o other sum shall be collected in the nature of a fee or tax of any 0ind for the issuance of said license. It shall, however, be issued free of charge to indigent parties, that is those who have no visible means of income or whose income is insufficient for their subsistence a fact established by their affidavit, or by their oath before the local civil registrar. Art. 2,: %he license shall be valid in any part of the
so t6at 7ersons 6a&in+ noled+e o any im7ediment to t6e marria+e 'an inorm t6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar. % It is to 1e 7osted or 0 'onse'*ti&e days on a 1*lletin 1oard o*tside t6e oi'e % !6e 'i&il re+istrar s6all 1e iss*ed ater t6e 7eriod o 7*1li'ation.
% I an im7ediment is made non to t6e 'i&il re+istrar 6e s6all merely note it don 1*t 6e m*st nonet6eless iss*e t6e li'ense. !6is is 1e'a*se t6e im7ediments may not 1e &alid at all. % !6e 7*r7ose o 6i'6 is to 7re&ent +rat and 'orr*7tion on t6e 7art o t6e 'i&il re+istry.
NCP!IO#S$ . !6e 'o*rts dire't 'i&il re+istry to re*se +i&in+ o*t t6e li'ense 2. 6en t6e re*ired 'ertii'ate o le+al 'a7a'ity o orei+ners is not +i&en (Art. 2)
% I t6e marria+e li'ense as iss*ed des7ite 'o*rt inter&ention- t6e marria+e ill still 1e &alid 1*t t6e 7arties res7onsi1le may 1e 'riminally or administrati&ely lia1le.
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!6e marria+e li'ense is only &alid it6in t6e P6ili77ines and not a1road. It is +ood or 20 days rom t6e date o iss*e.
A 'ertii'ate o le+al 'a7a'ity is meant to s6o t6at a orei+ner is 'a7a'itated to marry in 6is or 6er 'o*ntry. !6e P6ili77ines ad6eres to t6e national la o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties it6 res7e't to t6eir le+al 'a7a'ity to 'ontra't marria+e.
@ !6e 'i&il re+istry 'annot iss*e a li'ense it6o*t t6e 'ertii'ate o le+al 'a7a'ity 6oe&er i t6e 'i&il re+istry does iss*e t6e marria+e ill still 1e &alid.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
:tateless persons or refugees from other countries shall, in lieu of the certificate of legal capacity herein reuired, submit an affidavit stating the circumstances showing such capacity to contract marriage.
?. In t6e >S E years old is t6e a+e 6en one 'an 'ontra't marria+e. A E%year%old >S 'iti:en may 'ontra't marria+e in t6e P6ili77ines 7ro&ided t6at 6e +i&es a 'ertii'ate rom 6is em1assy statin+ t6at E years old is t6e le+al a+e to marry. % I 1ot6 are 'iti:ens o a orei+n 'o*ntry and t6ey are married in t6eir em1assy t6ere is no need to ollo t6e re*irement o marria+e in t6e P6ili77ines- only t6ose o t6eir 'o*ntry. %I one is a orei+ner and one is a Fili7ino e&en i t6ey marry in t6e 'ons*l o t6e orei+ner t6e 'ertii'ate o le+al 'a7a'ity and a marria+e li'ense is still ne'essary. Art. 22 . %he marriage certificate, in which the parties shall declare that they ta0e each other as husband and wife, shall also state 1. %he full name, sex and age of each contracting party 2. %heir citi/enship, religion and habitual residence 3. %he date and precise time of the celebration of the marriage 4. %hat the proper marriage license has been issued according to law, except in marriage provided for in hapter 2 of this %itle . %hat either or both of the contracting parties have secured the parental consent in appropriate cases >. %hat either or both of the contracting parties have complied with the legal reuirement regarding parental advice in appropriate cases and 5. %hat the parties have entered into marriage settlement, if any, attaching a copy thereof. Art. 2!. It shall be the duty of the person solemni/ing the marriage to furnish either of the contracting parties the original of the marriage certificate referred to in "rticle > and to send the duplicate and triplicate copies of the certificate not later than fifteen days after the marriage, to the local civil registrar of the place where the marriage was solemni/ed.
Art. 2$ It shall be the duty of the local civil registrar to
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!6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar is t6e +o&ernment oi'ial '6ar+ed
@Pres*m7tion is alays in t6e &alidity o marria+e. Proos o marria+e$ . Marria+e 'ontra't or 'ertii'ate 2. P6oto'o7ies o t6e 'ertii'ate or 'ontra't rom t6e lo'al 'i&il re+istry ,. Family 1i1le . a7tismal- 1irt6 'ertii'ates o ids /. 3*di'ial de'isions E. !estimonies o 7artiesitness- solemni:in+ oi'ers 5. Co6a1itation and 'ond*'t 4. Statement in a ill @ A 'ertii'ate o marria+e made years ater t6e marria+e is inadmissi1le as e&iden'e.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
prepare the documents reuired by this %itle, and to administer oaths to all interested parties without any charge in both cases. %he documents and affidavits filed in connection with applications for marriage licenses shall be exempt from documentary stamp tax. Art. 25. %he local civil registrar concerned shall enter all applications for marriage licenses filed with him in a registry boo0 strictly in the order in which the same are received. ?e shall record in said boo0 the names of the applicants, the date on which the marriage license was issued, and such other data as may be necessary Art. 2%. "ll marriages solemni/ed outside the , 3>, 35 and 36. 15a =here a marriage between a (ilipino citi/en and a foreigner is validly celebrated and a divorce is thereafter validly obtained abroad by the alien spouse capacitating him or her to remarry, the (ilipino spouse shall have capacity to remarry under
it6 t6e 7re7aration and t6e ee7in+ o all t6e oi'ial do'*ments.
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Art. 2E reers to ormal re*isites only- 6oe&er t6e marria+e m*st still 1e solemni:ed. % Marria+es t6at are solemni:ed a1road and are re'o+ni:ed as &alid t6ere ill also 1e re'o+ni:ed as &alid 6ere (international 'omity) ?. I in Vietnam a do'tor is a*t6ori:ed to solemni:e a marria+e and a Fili7ino 'o*7le +ets married in Vietnam 1y a do'tor s*'6 marria+e ill 1e 'onsidered &alid in t6e P6ili77ines. PROOF OF FORI# MARRIA$ ne'essary to 7ro&e t6e orei+n la and t6en 7ro&e t6e 'ele1ration o marria+e. I t6e la o t6e ot6er state is not 7leaded nor 7ro&ed t6e las o t6e P6ili77ines ill 1e 7res*med to 1e similar to t6at o orei+n las. RMMR !" LAS$ AR!. /$ las relatin+ to amily ri+6ts and d*ties- or to t6e stat*s- 'onditions and le+al 'a7a'ity o 7ersons are 1indin+ *7on 'iti:ens o t6e P6ili77ines e&en li&in+ a1road. AR!. 5$ 7ro6i1iti&e las 'on'ernin+ 7ersons- t6eir a'ts or 7ro7erty and t6ose 6i'6 6a&e or t6eir o1Ge't 7*1li' order-
NCP!IO#S to international 'omity$ %it6er or 1ot6 'ontra'tin+ 7arties are Fili7inos and 1elo 4 years o a+e %Poly+amo*s and 1i+amo*s marria+es re'o+ni:ed a1road ill not 1e &alid 6ere. %Marria+e a1road 6ere t6ere is mistae o identity o t6e ot6er 'ontra'tin+ 7arty is not re'o+ni:ed 6ere. %Marria+e 1y a Fili7ino to one 6o is 7sy'6olo+i'ally in'a7a'itated is not &alid 6ere %Marria+es t6at are in'est*o*s are not &alid 6ere e&en i 'ele1rated a1road and &alid t6ere. (Art. ,5) %Marria+es a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y are not &alid 6ere eit6er (Art. ,4) %Common la marria+es are not re'o+ni:ed 6ere- t6e marria+e
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
7*1li' 7oli'y and +ood '*stoms s6all not 1e rendered inee'ti&e 1y las or G*d+ments 7rom*l+ated- or 1 y determinations or 'on&entions a+reed *7on in a orei+n 'o*ntry ASOL>! DIVORC$ A1sol*te di&or'e is not re'o+ni:ed in t6e P6ili77inesK e&en i t6e 'o*7le as married a1road t6e di&or'e ill not 1e re'o+ni:ed 6ere i one o t6em is a Fili7ino. !6e di&or'e may 1e re'o+ni:ed in t6e orei+n 'o*ntry 6ere it as o1tained 1*t not in t6e P6ili77ines. *t t6e di&or'e o a orei+n 'iti:en a1road is re'o+ni:ed in t6e P6ili77ines as t6e P6ili77ines re'o+ni:es le+al 'a7a'ity o a orei+n 7erson. @I a Fili7ino '6an+es 'iti:ens6i7 t6en 6e 'an +et a di&or'e and i 6e rea'*ires 6is Fili7ino 'iti:ens6i7 ater t6at t6e di&or'e ill still 6old. % I a Fili7ina marries a orei+ner and t6e orei+ner o1tains a di&or'e- t6e Fili7ina 'an marry. % I t6e Fili7ina o1tains a di&or'e alt6o*+6 not re'o+ni:ed in t6e P6ili77ines- it ill 1e re'o+ni:ed a+ainst t6e orei+ner and t6*s t6e orei+ner ill not 6a&e le+al standin+ to s*e or ad*ltery or 'laim or 7ro7erty ater t6e di&or'e. *A&&IA%ES E0E*P' )&O* ICE,SE &E61I&E*E,' Art. 2(: In case either or both of the contracting parties are at the point of death, the marriage may be solemni/ed without necessity of a marriage license and shall remain valid even if the ailing party subseuently survives.
Art. 2). If the residence of either party is so located that there is no means of transportation to enable such party to appear personally before the local civil registrar, the marriage may be solemni/ed without necessity of a marriage license. Art. 2+: In the cases provided for in the two preceding articles, the solemni/ing officer shall state in an affidavit executed before the local civil registrar or any other person legally authori/ed to administer oaths that the marriage was
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Solemni:in+ oi'ers and t6e mayor are em7oered to solemni:e marria+es e&en it6o*t a marria+e li'ense i eit6er or 1ot6 o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties are at t6e 7oint o deat6. % &en i t6e ailin+ 7arty s*r&i&es ater t6e marria+et6e marria+e ill still 1e &alid. - !6is en&isions a sit*ation 6erein t6e residen'e o eit6er 7arty is so lo'ated t6at t6ere is no means o trans7ortation to ena1le s*'6 7arty to a77ear 7ersonally 1eore t6e lo'al 'i&il re+istrar- t6e marria+e may 1e solemni:e it6o*t a marria+e li'ense. % !6e solemni:in+ oi'ers 6ere are t6ose a*t6ori:ed to solemni:e *nder Arti'le 5 and t6e mayor 7ro&ided t6at t6ey solemni:e t6e marria+e it6in t6eir G*risdi'tion and it6in t6e a*t6ority +i&en to t6em.
m*st still 1e solemni:ed and not 'ontra'ted. %Same se? marria+es 1eteen Fili7inos are not &alid e&en i done a1road. @ I a Fili7ino 'ontra'ts a orei+n marria+e 6i'6 is n*ll and &oid *nder t6e las o t6e state 6ere it 6as 1een solemni:ed t6en s*'6 marria+e ill lieise 1e n*ll and &oid in t6e P6ili77ines. @I a marria+e 'ele1rated a1road is in&alid in t6at 'o*ntry 1*t 'onsidered &alid in t6e P6ili77ines- t6e marria+e ill still 1e in&alid. !6e la 6ere t6e marria+e 6as 1een solemni:ed s6all a77ly.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
performed in articulo mortis or that the residence of either party, specifying the barrio or barangay, is so located that there is no means of transportation to enable such party to appear personally before the local civil registrar and that the officer too0 the necessary steps to ascertain the ages and relationship of the contracting parties and the absence of legal impediment to the marriage. Art. !, %he original of the affidavit reuired in the last preceding article, together with the legible copy of the marriage contract, shall be sent by the person solemni/ing the marriage to the local civil registrar of the municipality where it was performed within the period of thirty days after the performance of the marriage. Art. !1 " marriage in articulo mortis between passengers or crew members may also be solemni/ed by a ship captain or by an airplane pilot not only while the ship is at sea or the plane is in flight, but also during stopovers at ports of call.
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% Art. !2 " military commander of a unit, who is a commissioned officer, shall li0ewise have authority to solemni/e marriages in articulo mortis between persons within the /one of military operation, whether members of the armed forces or civilians.
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Art. !!: Marriages among Muslims or among members of the ethnic cultural communities may be performed validly without the necessity of marriage license, provided they are solemni/ed in accordance with their customs, rites or practices.
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A 7ilot or s6i7 'a7tain may solemni:e only marria+es at t6e 7oint o deat6 6ile t6e 7lane is in li+6t or t6e s6i7 is at sea e&en d*rin+ sto7o&ers (it is still 'onsidered 7art o t6e li+6t&oya+e). !6ey 'an only solemni:e marria+es 1eteen t6eir 7assen+ers and 're mem1ers !6e military 'ommander m*st 1e a 'ommissioned oi'er (6is6er ran s6o*ld start rom 2nd lie*tenantensi+n and a1o&e) "e s6o*ld 1e a 'ommander o a *nit. !6ere s6o*ld 1e a '6a7lain assi+ned to t6e *nit !6e marria+e s6o*ld 1e at t6e 7oint o deat6 and in t6e a1sen'e o t6e '6a7lain assi+ned !6e marria+e m*st 1e solemni:ed it6in t6e :one o military o7erations. !6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties may eit6er 1e mem1er o t6e armed or'es or 'i&ilians. Marria+es 1eteen 7arties t6at 1elon+ to et6ni' +ro*7s- 7a+ans or M*slims are e?em7t only rom 7ro'*rin+ a marria+e li'ense. !6e marria+e m*st still 1e solemni:ed in a''ordan'e it6 t6eir '*stomsrites and 7ra'ti'es. M*slims are +o&erned 1y t6e Code o M*slim Personal Las o t6e P6ili77ines t6*s t6ey are not +o&erned 1y t6e Family Code *nlie ot6er et6ni' +ro*7s 6o do not 6a&e se7arate las.
@ I somet6in+ 6a77ens to t6e main or 7rin'i7al 7ilot t6e se'ond in 'ommand 'annot solemni:e marria+es. (!6ey are not a*t6ori:ed to 1y la)
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. !$ -o license shall be necessary for the marriage of a man and a woman who have lived together as husband and wife for at least five years and without any legal impediment to marry each other. %he contracting parties shall state the foregoing facts in an affidavit before any person authori/ed by law to administer oaths. %he solemni/ing officer shall also state under oath that he ascertained the ualifications of the contracting parties are found no legal impediment to the marriage.
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Persons 'o6a1itin+ or at least / years li&in+ to+et6er as 6*s1and and ie are e?em7t rom o1tainin+ a marria+e li'ense. At t6e time o marria+e- t6ey s6o*ld 1e it6o*t any le+al im7ediment to marry ea'6 ot6er. !6*s d*rin+ t6e / year 7eriod- it is not ne'essary t6at t6ere is no le+al im7ediment it is only ne'essary at t6e time o marria+e t6at t6ere is none. !6e 7arties s6all state t6e a't o t6eir 'o6a1itation and t6e a1sen'e o any le+al im7ediment to marry in an aida&it *nder oat6.
*!6e solemni:in+ oi'er
s6all also state *nder oat6 t6at 6e as'ertained t6e *alii'ations o t6e 7arties and t6at 6e o*nd no le+al im7ediment. !6e a't t6at t6e oi'er to in&esti+ate s6all not in&alidate t6e marria+e.
*atters that don7t affect the validity of the marria#e: Article 48$ i t6e 'i&il re+istry +i&es t6e li'ense des7ite t6e 'o*rts orderin+ an inG*n'tion to order t6e 'i&il re+istry not to +i&e t6e marria+e li'ense. Article 34: i t6e 'i&il re+istry +i&es t6e li'ense des7ite a1sen'e o 'ertii'ate o le+al 'a7a'ity o orei+ners. Article 9: 6en t6e solemni:in+ oi'er ailed to in&esti+ate 6et6er or not t6ere as an im7ediment to t6e marria+e in marria+es ater / years o 'o6a1itation. *A&&IA%ES 5OID A/ I,I'IO: #ot &alid rom its in'e7tion. #o ri+6ts 'an lo rom it and 'an ne&er 1e ratiied. (3*di'ial de'laration o n*llity). Art. !5 %he following marriages shall be void from the Article 3; 9; $ 6en all t6e essential and ormal re*isites o a marria+e are a1sent beginning % Only marria+es de'lared 1y t6e le+islat*re- as &oid s6o*ld 1e treated as s*'6. !6ere 'an 1 %hose contracted by any party below eighteen years of 1e no ot6er &oid marria+e e?'e7t t6ose 7ro&ided 1y la. age even with the consent of parents or guardians@ 2 %hose solemni/ed by any person not legally authori/ed 5oid *arria#e 5oidable to perform marriages unless such marriages were CanJt 1e a so*r'e o ri+6ts Can 1e so*r'e o ri+6ts contracted with either or both parties believing in good faith CanJt 1e ratiied Ratiied 1y 7res'ri7tion or that the solemni/ing officer had the legal authority to do so@ 'o6a1itation 3 %hose solemni/ed without license, except those covered Can 1e atta'ed 'ollaterally. Can only 1e atta'ed dire'tly the preceding hapter@ Can 1e *estioned ater deat6 o Only assailed d*rin+ lietime o 4 %hose bigamous or polygamous marriages not failing 7arties 7arties under "rticle 41@ A'tion or n*llity 6as no A'tion 7res'ri1es %hose contracted through mista0e of one contracting 7res'ri7tion party as to the identity of the other@ and > %hose subseuent marriages that are void under "rticle % sto77el or a'*ies'en'e does not a77ly to remedy t6e inirmity o a &oid marria+e. !6*s 3. i one o t6e 7arties stated *nder oat6 t6at t6ey ere 2/ 6en t6ey ere a't*ally E t6e marria+e is &oid des7ite t6e oat6. % ood ait6 and 1ad ait6 +enerally is immaterial in &oid marria+es e?'e7t$ 6en eit6er o t6e 7arties 1elie&ed in +ood ait6 t6at t6e solemni:in+ oi'er 6ad t6e a*t6ority to
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
solemni:e t6e marria+e 6en in a't 6e 6ad none. Se'ond- in 'ase t6e s 7o*se disa77ears or years or 2 years in 7ro7er 'ases t6e 7resent s7o*se may marry a+ain i t6ere is a G*di'ial de'laration o 7res*m7ti&e deat6 and at t6e time o t6e 'ele1ration o marria+e eit6er s7o*se is in +ood ait6 t6at t6e a1sent s7o*se is still a1sent. ?. is married to " and disa77ears or years and is G*di'ially de'lared 7res*m7ti&ely dead. " later on is to marry 2. 2 6oe&er sees t6e day 1eore t6e eddin+ 1*t does not tell ". As lon+ as " is in +ood ait6 and does not no o t6e 7resen'e o t6e marria+e ill still 1e &alid. % enerally e&iden'e ot6er t6an a G*di'ial de'laration o n*llity 'an 1e 7resented e?'e7t (dire't atta' needed) or 7*r7oses o remarria+e- &alidity o marria+e is essential to t6e determination o t6e 'ase- and 6en a donor desires to re&oe a donation propter nuptias. LO 4 ARS OF A$ not 'a7a'itated to marry e&en i it6 7arental 'onsent. (istory$ male- 2 emale$ minim*m a+e or ee'ti&e 7ro'reation E male- emale$ Mat*rity and res7onsi1ility ere taen into 'onsideration. ender Roles$ a1ility o men to 7ro&ide and a1ility o omen to 'are or t6e 6o*se6old. 4 or 1ot6$ #o si+nii'ant dieren'e in terms o mat*rity o male and emale. S'ien'e s6os 1elo 4 leads to *nsae 7re+nan'ies. #O#%A>!"ORI! OF SOLM#IR$ ?'e7tion$ I I!"R or 1ot6 o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties 1elie&ed in +ood ait6 t6at 6e 6ad s*'6 a*t6ority. !6e +ood ait6 o t6e 7arty is 6at is reerred to not t6e solemni:in+ oi'er. % >nless it as i+noran'e o t6e la t6en t6e marria+e ill 1e &oid. !6e 7erson m*st 1e one o t6e 7eo7le in Arti'le 5 t6*s i a 'o*7le is married 1y a Ganitor- t6em 1elie&in+ t6at a Ganitor 'an 'ele1rate a marria+e- t6e marria+e ill 1e &oid. ?'e7tion$ Marria+e as done a1road and s*'6 oi'er is &alid in t6at 'o*ntry IAMO>S OR POLAMO>S MARRIA$ la 7ro6i1its married men or omen rom 'ontra'tin+ a s*1se*ent marria+e 6en t6eir 'onsort is still ali&e. ?'e7tion$ % !6at mentioned in Arti'le re+ardin+ a77earan'e o a s7o*se ater a de'laration o 7res*m7ti&e deat6. % !6ose 7ro&ided or *nder t6e M*slim 'ode. % 6en t6e irst marria+e as a't*ally &oid it6 a G*di'ial de'laration o n*llity. it6o*t G*di'ial de'laration o n*llity t6en 2nd marria+e ill 1e &oid *nder Arti'le 0. MIS!AH I# ID#!I!$ An instan'e o ra*d- 6i'6 is a +ro*nd or t6e n*llity o t6e marria+e. "ere t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arty a1sol*tely did not intend to marry t6e ot6er- as t6e same is not t6e 7erson 6e or s6e a't*ally ne 1eore t6e marria+e. Does not in'l*de$ mistae in name- '6ara'ter o 7erson- attri1*tes- a+e- so'ial standin+reli+ion- 7edi+ree- 7e'*niary means- tem7eraments- a'*irements- 'ondition in lie7re&io*s 6a1it.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. !%: " marriage contracted by any party who, at the time of the celebration, was psychologically incapacitated to comply with the essential marital obligations of marriage, shall li0ewise be void even if such incapacity becomes manifest only after its solemni/ation.
VOID >#DR AR!ICL /,$ Marria+es t6at 6a&e ann*lled or de'lared n*ll and &oid m*st *ndertae t6e li*idation- 7artition and distri1*tion o t6eir 7ro7erties- deli&ery o 7res*m7ti&e le+itimes- et'. to 1e a1le to remarry. Psy'6olo+i'al in'a7a'ity to 'om7ly it6 t6e essential marital P.I. Insanity o1li+ation o marria+e at the time of marriage - e&en i it Cannot 1e Can 1e '*red 1e'omes maniest ater t6e solemni:ation o t6e marria+e. '*red % #ot deined and t6*s let on a 'o*rt%to%'o*rt 1asis. A #o 'onsent Consent 'an 7erson may a't*ally 1e ei'ient in doin+ ot6er 7resent sin'e 1e +i&en t6in+s s*'6 as 6is 7roession 1*t it6 re+ards to 6is 6e does not d*rin+ l*'id married lie it 'an 1e dierent. no t6e tr*e inter&al % #ot G*st st*11orn re*sal 1*t attri1*ted to meanin+ o 7sy'6olo+i'al 'a*ses (not ne'essarily insane) marria+e % La'in+ in t6e e?er'ise o t6e G*d+ment not la' o G*d+ment PROOF to s6o P.I.$ % !r*e ina1ility to 'ommit onesel to t6e essentials o . O1ser&e o d*ties (li&in+ marria+e B 7sy'6ose?*al disorders or ot6er to+et6er- et'.) 7ersonality disorders 2. Pro'reation % Ina1ility to 'ommit to t6e essentials o marria+e B ,. O1li+ation o 7arents to 7ro'reation- ed*'ation o os7rin+- 'omm*nity o lie '6ildren. and lo&e . Senseless and 7rotra'ted re*sal to 6a&e M*st 1e '6ara'teri:ed 1y$ inter'o*rse . ra&ity% +ra&e or serio*s /. >nreasona1le atta'6ment 2. 3*ridi'al ante'eden'e B rooted in 6istory o t6e 7arty to ones ot6er amily or and may maniest ater t6e marria+e. 1arada ,. In'*ra1ility E. !rans&estism 5. Ind*l+en'e o 7ri&ate 3*ris7r*dential *idelines (CA &. Molina)$ antasy . *rden o 7roo to s6o t6e n*llity o marria+e 4. Al'o6ols*1stan'e a1*se 1elon+s to t6e 7lainti. 9. ?treme immat*rity 2. Root 'a*se m*st 1e medically or clinically identified alle+ed in t6e 'om7laint- sufficiently proven by experts- 'learly e?7lained 1y t6e de'ision- must be psychological not 76ysi'al. ,. Pro&en to 1e e?istin+ at t6e time o t6e 'ele1ration
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
o t6e marria+e M*st 1e in'*ra1le (may 1e a1sol*te or relati&e to t6e +i&en s7o*se) /. M*st 1e +ra&e E. ssential marria+e o1li+ations are t6ose em1ra'ed in arti'les E4 to 5 , and Arti'les 220- 22- 22/ it6 re+ards to 7arents and '6ildren. 5. Inter7retations in #ational A77ellate Matrimonial tri1*nal o Cat6oli' C6*r'6 t6o*+6 not 1indin+ are 7ers*asi&e Reasons to Condemn In'est*o*s Marria+es$ @ !6e relations6i7 1ein+ le+itimate . A16orrent to nat*re or ille+itimate is immaterial 2. rin+s a1o*t 'on*sion o ri+6ts and d*ties ,. Dei'ient and de+enerate os7rin+ . Control se? ri&alries it6in amilies /. !o +*ide one toards t6e 'reation o ne n*'lear amily E. rin+s a1o*t 'on*sion it6 stat*s % Sim*lates 1lood relations alt6o*+6 le+al i'tion (1ond 'reated 1y la- a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y) COLLA!RAL LOOD RLA!IVS$ may 'a*se t6e same reasons as Art. ,5 1*t to a lesser de+ree. COLLA!RAL "ALF%LOOD RLA!IVS CO#SA#>I#I!$ t6e la does not 7ro&ide t6at marria+es 1eteen 'ollateral 1lood relati&es 1y t6e 6al%1lood are 7ro6i1ited. Case La$ In Re$ Simms state % e'a*se o s7e'ii'ation in 1rot6ers and sisters and no s7e'ii'ation it6 *n'les and nie'es- marria+e 1eteen *n'les and nie'es are not 7ro6i1ited % >nlie r*lin+ in A*dley 6ere it deemed it as *nne'essary % Marria+e 1eteen *n'les and nie'es 6o are 6al%1lood is &alid d*e to t6e 7res*m7tion in a&or o marria+e. RLA!IO#S"IP AFFI#I! (made t6ro*+6 marria+e)$ !6e only marria+es 1y ainity 7ro6i1ited in t6e Family Code are marria+es 1eteen ste77arents and ste7'6ildren and 7arents%in%la and '6ildren%in%la. (May destroy t6e 7ea'e*lness in amily relations) Ste71rot6er and ste7sister 'an marry ea'6 ot6er sin'e not in'l*ded in t6e 7ro6i1ition. @In t6e e&ent t6at t6e marria+e is ann*lled or n*lliied or in t6e e&ent t6at t6e marria+e is terminated .
Art. !( Marriages between the following are incestuous and void from the beginning, whether relationship between the parties be legitimate or illegitimate 1 Aetween ascendants and descendants of any degree@ and 2 Aetween brothers and sisters, whether of the full or half blood. Art. !) %he following marriages shall be void from the beginning for reasons of public policy 1 Aetween collateral blood relatives whether legitimate or illegitimate, up to the fourth civil degree@ 2 Aetween step8parents and step8children@ 3 Aetween parents8in8law and children8in8law@ 4 Aetween the adopting parent and the adopted child@ Aetween the surviving spouse of the adopting parent and the adopted child@ > Aetween the surviving spouse of the adopted child and the adopter@ 5 Aetween an adopted child and a legitimate child of the adopter@ 6 Aetween adopted children of the same adopter@ ; Aetween parties where one, with the intention to 3
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Arti'le E4$ 6*s1and and ie are o1li+ed to li&e to+et6er- o1ser&e m*t*al lo&e- res7e't- and idelity- and render m*t*al 6el7 and s*77ort. Arti'le E9$ "*s1and and ie s6all i? t6e domi'ile and in 'ase o disa+reement t6e 'o*rt s6all de'ide. Arti'le 50$ s7o*ses are Gointly res7onsi1le or t6e s*77ort o t6e amily and t6e e?7enses or s*'6 s*77ort and ot6er 'onG*+al o1li+ations s6all 1e 7aid rom 'omm*nity 7ro7erty- in'ome or r*its o se7arate 7ro7erty- or se7arate 7ro7erty. Arti'le 5$ mana+ement o 6o*se6old s6all 1e ri+6t and d*ty o 1ot6 s7o*ses.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
marry the other, 0illed that other personBs spouse, or his or her own spouse.
1y deat6 ainity is terminated and t6*s t6ose t6at ere 7ro6i1ited d*e to ainity 'an no marry ea'6 ot6er. >nless t6ere are li&in+ iss*es ('6ildren) in 6om t6e 1lood o t6e 7arties 'ontin*e to 'ommin+le. ADOP!IV RLA!IO#S"IP$ 6o t6ey 'annot marry$ Ado7ter Ado7ted !6e ado7ted !6e ado7ter !6e s*r&i&in+ s7o*se o t6e ado7ted !6e s*r&i&in+ s7o*se o ado7ter (n&isions t6at t6e marria+e as terminated (n&isions t6at t6e marria+e as terminated d*e to deat6. *t i t6e marria+e as d*e to deat6. *t i t6e marria+e as terminated ater t6e inality o a n*llity or terminated ater t6e inality o a n*llity or ann*lment de'ree t6en t6ey 'an +et married) ann*lment de'ree t6en t6ey 'an +et married) Le+itimate '6ildren o ado7ter Ot6er ado7ted '6ildren o t6e ado7ter
6o 'an t6ey marry$ Ado7ter C6ildren o ado7ted #at*ral 7arent Ot6er relati&es S7o*se o ado7ted i ali&e and not married to ado7ted
Ado7ted Parents o ado7ter Ille+itimate '6ild o t6e ado7ter Ot6er relati&es S7o*se o ado7ter i ali&e and not married to ado7ter
I#!#!IO#AL HILLI# OF SPO>S$ !6e +*ilty 7arty m*st 1e animated 1y an intention to marry t6e ot6er 7erson- i not t6en not 'onsidered a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y. ?. A anted to marry . as married to C. A ills C 1e'a*se C stole rom A. !6en A later on marries . S*'6 a marria+e is &alid. @#o 'riminal 'on&i'tion is ne'essary mere 7re7onderan'e o e&iden'e is re*ired to 7ro&e t6e illin+. Art. !+: %he action or defense for the declaration of absolute nullity of a marriage shall not prescribe
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!ime to ile an a'tion or de'laration o n*llity o a marria+e or to in&oe s*'6 n*llity as a deense does not 7res'ri1e. it6er 7arty in a &oid marria+e 'an ile a n*llity 'ase e&en t6o*+6 s*'6 7arty is t6e ron+doer. Only 6*s1and and ie 'an ile a 'o*rt 'ase de'larin+ t6e marria+e &oid. *t it 'an still 1e 'ollaterally atta'ed 1y any interested 7arty in any 7ro'eedin+ 6ere t6e
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. $,: %he absolute nullity of a previous marriage may be invo0ed for purposes of remarriage on the basis solely of a final judgment declaring such previous marriage void.
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In relation to$ Art. 52: %he judgment of annulment or of absolute nullity of the marriage, the partition and distribution of the properties of the spouses and the delivery of the childrenBs presumptive legitimes shall be recorded in the appropriate civil registry and registries of property@ otherwise, the same shall not affect third persons. Art. 5! +ither of the former spouses may marry again after compliance with the reuirements of the immediately preceding "rticle@ otherwise, the subseuent marriage shall be null and void.
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Art. $1 " marriage contracted by any person during subsistence of a previous marriage shall be null and void, unless before the celebration of the subseuent marriage, the prior spouse had been absent for four consecutive years and the spouse present has a well8founded belief that the absent spouse was already dead. In case of disappearance where there is danger of death under the circumstances set forth in the provisions of "rticle 3;1 of the ivil ode, an absence of only two years shall be sufficient. (or the purpose of contracting the subseuent marriage under the preceding paragraph the spouse present must institute a summary proceeding as provided in this ode for the declaration of presumptive death of the absentee, without prejudice to the effect of reappearance of the absent spouse. Art. $! %he termination of the subseuent marriage referred to in the preceding "rticle shall produce the following effects 1 %he children of the subseuent marriage conceived
determination o t6e &alidity o marria+e is ne'essary to +i&e rise to 'ertain ri+6ts. A G*di'ial de'laration o marria+e is t6e only a''e7ta1le 7roo so t6at a 7arty 'an 'ontra't a s*1se*ent &alid marria+e. it6o*t it t6e s*1se*ent marria+e ill 1e 'onsidered &oid. In 'onne'tion it6 it- Arti'les /2 and /, 6i'6 6as to do it6 t6e li*idation- 7artition and distri1*tion o t6e 7ro7erties it6o*t 6i'6 t6e marria+e ill lieise 1e &oid.
@ !6e s*1se*ent marria+e is not 'onsidered 1i+amo*s sin'e t6e irst marria+e is not &alid. In a 1i+amo*s marria+e t6e irst s*1sistin+ marria+e is &alid. i+amy en&isions 2 &alid marria+es. I t6e irst or t6e se'ond marria+e is &oid t6en t6ere 'an 1e no 1i+amy.
IAM$ Committed 1y any 7erson 6o s6all 'ontra't a se'ond or s*1se*ent marria+e 1eore t6e ormer marria+e 6as 1een le+ally dissol&ed or 1eore t6e a1sent s7o*se 6as 1een de'lared 7res*m7ti&ely dead 1y G*d+ment. % Marria+e 1e'omes &oid not 1e'a*se o 1i+amy 1*t 1e'a*se o 'ertain im7ositions in la t6at m*st 1e done 1eore 'onta'tin+ a se'ond marria+e. @it6o*t arti'le 0 one 'annot 7erorm Arti'le /2. A de'laration o 7res*m7ti&e deat6 is needed or t6e a1sentee in order to 'onta't a ne marria+e. Article 3: !6e s*1se*ent marria+e made ill 1e'ome &oid it6 t6e re'ordin+ o t6e aida&it o rea77earan'e o t6e s*1se*ent s7o*se. S*'6 noti'e ill 1e iled in t6e 'i&il re+istry o t6e residen'e o t6e 7arties in s*1se*ent marria+e- and +i&e t6em d*e noti'e% O#L CAS "R MARRIA IS !RMI#A!D N!RA3>DICIALL. Any interested 7arty 'an ile or t6e aida&it o rea77earan'e. Exception to 3: i t6e aida&it is ra*d*lent t6en it is inee't*al.
% A77lies to Arti'le 0- Arti'le and &oida1le marria+es. S'A'1S O) C(ID&E,: C6ildren 'on'ei&ed d*rin+ t6e s*1se*ent marria+e 'ontem7lated in Art. are le+itimate e&en i one o t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties is in 1ad ait6.
Exception: Prior s7o*se 6as 1een a1sent or 'onse'*ti&e years and t6ere is a ell o*nded 1elie (m*st e?er'ise d*e dili+en'e to as'ertain 6erea1o*ts or i s6e is dead or ali&e) t6at a1sent s7o*se is dead (2 years ill s*i'e i t6ere as dan+er o deat6)
@Donation made 1eteen 7ersons 6o are +*ilty o ad*ltery or 'on'*1ina+e at t6e time o t6e donation is &oid.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
prior to its termination shall be considered legitimate@ 2 %he absolute community of property or the conjugal partnership, as the case may be, shall be dissolved and liuidated, but if either spouse contracted said marriage in bad faith, his or her share of the net profits of the community property or conjugal partnership property shall be forfeited in favor of the common children or, if there are none, the children of the guilty spouse by a previous marriage or in default of children, the innocent spouse@ 3 $onations by reason of marriage shall remain valid, except that if the donee contracted the marriage in bad faith, such donations made to said donee are revo0ed by operation of law@ 4 %he innocent spouse may revo0e the designation of the other spouse who acted in bad faith as beneficiary in any insurance policy, even if such designation be stipulated as irrevocable@ and %he spouse who contracted the subseuent marriage in bad faith shall be disualified to inherit from the innocent spouse by testate and intestate succession.
Art. $$ If both spouses of the subseuent marriage acted in bad faith, said marriage shall be void ab initio and all donations by reason of marriage and testamentary dispositions made by one in favor of the other are revo0ed by operation of law.
E))EC' O) 'E&*I,A'IO, O, '(E P&OPE&'+ &E%I*E: !6e 7ro7erty re+ime s6all 1e dissol&ed and li*idated. Ater t6e 7ayment o all de1ts- t6e s7o*ses s6all di&ide t6e net 7roits o t6e 7ro7erty e*ally or in a''ordan'e it6 t6e sti7*lated s6arin+. I a s7o*se a'ted in 1ad ait6- t6e +*ilty s7o*se s6all not +et 6is s6are in t6e net 7roits (6is6er s6are ill 1e oreited in a&or o t6e 'ommon '6ildren- i none t6e '6ildren o t6e +*ilty s7o*se 1y a 7re&io*s marria+e- i none to t6e inno'ent s7o*se.) DO,A'IO,S /+ &EASO, O) *A&&IA%E$ I 1ot6 7arties are in +ood ait6- t6e donation s6all 1e &alid. I t6e donee a'ted in 1ad ait6 in 'ontra'tin+ t6e marria+e- t6e donation 1y reason o marria+e is terminated 1y o7eration o la. I 1ot6 are in 1ad ait6 neit6er 'an re'o&er 6at t6ey 6a&e +i&en. DESI%,A'IO, AS /E,E)ICIA&+ I, I,S1&A,CE POIC+: !6e inno'ent s7o*se 6as t6e '6oi'e o re&oin+ t6e 1enei'iary in an ins*ran'e 7oli'y e&en i t6e 7oli'y is irre&o'a1le. (S6o*ld inorm t6e ins*ran'e 'om7any) DIS61AI)ICA'IO, AS 'O I,(E&I'A,CE: !6e s7o*se 6o a'ted in 1ad ait6 s6all 1e dis*aliied to in6erit rom t6e inno'ent s7o*se. I 1ot6 s7o*ses are in 1ad ait6 a''ordin+ to Arti'le t6e marria+e is &oid and t6e 7arties 'annot in6erit. !6e marria+e s6all 1e 'onsidered &oid only i 1ot6 s7o*ses in t6e s*1se*ent marria+e are in 1ad ait6. !6e +ood ait6 o t6e s7o*se m*st 1e 7resent *7 to t6e time o t6e 'ele1ration o t6e s*1se*ent marria+e.
5OIDA/E *A&&IA%ES: &alid *7 to t6e 7oint 6en t6ey are ann*lled. !6ese are t6e only +ro*nds- 6i'6 'an 1e 'onsidered or ann*lment (e?'l*si&e). Article Annotation Exception- )ilin#: Article <: *ust exist at the time of marria#e % !6e 7arents o t6e '6ild 'an ann*l t6e marria+e at Party to ile s*it$ Parent or +*ardian 1eore t6e '6ild 1. %hat the party in whose behalf it is sought to any time 7rior to t6e time t6e '6ild rea'6es t6e a+e rea'6es 2 and t6e 7arty 6o did not o1tain 'onsent have the marriage annulled was eighteen years of o 2. it6in / years ater rea'6in+ 2. age or over but below twenty8one, and the marriage was solemni/ed without the consent of the parents, Ratii'ation$ !6ro*+6 'o6a1itation ater rea'6in+ t6e guardian or person having substitute parental a+e o 2 years old. authority over the party, in that order, unless after
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
attaining the age of twenty8one, such party freely cohabited with the other and both lived together as husband and wife 2. %hat either party was of unsound mind, unless such party after coming to reason, freely cohabited with the other as husband and wife
!. %hat the consent of either party was obtained by fraud, unless such party afterwards, with full 0nowledge of the facts constituting the fraud, freely cohabited with the other as husband and wife Article $%: (raud existing at time of marriage 1. -on8disclosure of previous conviction by final judgment of a crime involving moral turpitude. 2. oncealment of the wife of the fact that she was pregnant at the time of marriage by another man. 3. oncealment of :%$ regardless of its nature existing at the time of the marriage. 4. oncealment of drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, or homosexuality or lesbianism existing at the time of the marriage.
% M*st 1e 'lear t6at illness is serio*s t6at 'annot *nderstand marria+e 'ontra't at t6e time o t6e marria+e.
@ I t6e s7o*se ne t6at t6e s7o*se as insane 7rior to t6e 'ele1ration o t6e marria+e s6e 'annot ann*l t6e marria+e.
Ratii'ation$ !6ro*+6 'o6a1itation 1y t6e 7erson it6 t6e *nso*nd mind ater 6e 6as 'ome to reason @On'e ratiied t6e marria+e ill 1e &alid and no lon+er ann*lla1le e&en i t6e insanity 'omes 1a'.
Party to ile s*it$ Sane s7o*se it6o*t noled+e 1eore t6e deat6 o eit6er 7arty- relati&e or +*ardian o insane at any time 1eore t6e deat6 o eit6er 7arty- and insane s7o*se 1eore t6e deat6 o eit6er 7arty. Exception to =>3?: I t6e oman as *n'6aste and t6e man ne o 6er *n'6aste '6ara'ter. Exception to =>3?: I oman did not inorm t6e man 1*t 7re+nan'y as a77arent.
@#o ot6er misre7resentations ill 1e a''e7ta1le to 'onstit*te ra*d to ann*l a marria+e. PRVIO>S CO#VIC!IO#$ #o need or in&esti+ation on t6e 7art o t6e 7arty 1*t t6ere m*st 1e a inal G*d+ment. CO#CALM#! OF PR#A#C$ Con'ealment m*st 1e done in 1ad ait6. !6*s- i t6e oman tr*ly 1elie&ed s6e as not 7re+nant 6en s6e as t6e marria+e 'annot 1e ann*lled. Misre7resentation t6at s6e as 7re+nant to ind*'e t6e man to marry 6er 6en s6e as in a't not 7re+nant is not 'onsidered or ann*lment. CO#CALM#! OF S!D$ #at*re or +ra&ity is irrele&antK t6e a't t6at it as 'on'ealed as eno*+6. CO#CALM#! OF ADDIC!IO#S$ #o e?a't meanin+ 1*t 6as 1een deined as 7ersistent 6a1it o 1e'omin+ into?i'ated- irresisti1le 6a1it. @Does not need to +et dr*n all t6e time- t6e 6a1it o 1e'omin+ 7eriodi'ally dr*n and 1ein+ *na1le to resist 6en t6e o77ort*nity arises. CO#CALM#! OF #DR PRFR#C$ 'onsiders t6e ee't on t6e inG*red s7o*se in 7erormin+ 6is6er marital d*ties. Mental itness6ealt6- et'. Does not n*rt*re a nat*ral and 6olesome amily-
Party to ile s*it$ InG*red 7arty it6in / years ater t6e dis'o&ery o ra*d
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
$. %hat the consent of either party was obtained by force, intimidation or undue influence, unless the same having disappeared or ceased, such party thereafter freely cohabited with the other as husband and wife@
5. %hat either party was physically incapable of consummating the marriage with the other, and such incapacity continues and appears to be incurable
Ratii'ation$ Co6a1itation ater t6e inno'ent s7o*se 6as *ll noled+e o t6e a'ts 'onstit*tin+ t6e ra*d % Violen'e 6ere may 1e 76ysi'al or moral. % Intimidation is 6en t6ere is a reasona1le and ell%ro*nded ear o an imminent and +ra&e e&il *7on 6is 7erson or 7ro7erty. Ratii'ation$ Co6a1itation ater t6e 'a*se o t6e &itiated 'onsent 'eases. % Permanent ina1ility on t6e 7art o one o t6e s7o*ses to 7erorm t6e 'om7lete a't o se?*al inter'o*rse (m*st 1e in'*ra1le). . Can ori+inate rom a 7sy'6olo+i'al 7ro1lem- 6i'6 ae'ts t6e 76ysi'al. % M*st e?ist at t6e time o t6e marria+e. % May 1e 'a*sed 1ot6 1y 6*s1and and ie.
Party to ile t6e s*it$ InG*red 7arty it6in / years rom t6e time t6e or'e- intimidation or *nd*e inl*en'e disa77eared or 'eased.
Exception: Sterility is not 'onsidered im7oten'y 1e'a*se 6e 'an still en+a+e in se?*al 'oition. Or+ans or 'on'e7tion not ne'essary 1e'a*se t6ere is still 7assion. Party to ile t6e s*it$ it6in / years ater t6e marria+e 'eremony
#O RA!IFICA!IO# 1y 'o6a1itation R*le o triennial 'o6a1itation$ 7res*m7tion o im7oten'e arises 6en ie remains a &ir+in ater , years rom t6e time o marria+e. %. %hat either party was afflicted with a sexually8 transmissible disease found to be serious and appears to be incurable Art. $) In all cases of annulment or declaration of absolute nullity of marriage, the ourt shall order the prosecuting attorney or fiscal assigned to it to appear on behalf of the :tate to ta0e steps to prevent collusion between the parties and to ta0e care that evidence is not fabricated or suppressed In the cases referred to in the preceding paragraph, no judgment shall be based upon a stipulation of facts or confession of judgment Art. $+: $uring the pendency of the action and in the absence of adeuate provisions in a written agreement between the spouses, the ourt shall provide for the support of the spouses and the
#o ratii'ation 1y 'o6a1itation
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!6e state ill ens*re t6e 7re&ention o 'oll*sion 1eteen t6e 7arties (6o may mae *7 a +ro*nd to ann*l t6e marria+e) and to ens*re t6at t6e e&iden'e is not a1ri'ated #o G*d+ment s6all 1e 1ased on a 'onession and a sti7*lation o a'ts only.
6ile trial is on +oin+ t6e s*77ort o t6e s7o*ses and '*stody o t6e '6ildren s6all 1e +o&erned 1y 6ate&er a+reement t6e 7arties 6a&e made. I none t6en t6ey s6all
C In nullity cases, if the marriage is deemed to be void then the one who got support should return it with legal interest to the person who furnished support since such person was not entitled to the
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
custody and support of their common children. %he 1e s*77orted rom t6e a1sol*te 'omm*nity ourt shall give paramount consideration to the o 7ro7erty or 'onG*+al 7artners6i7 o moral and material welfare of said children and their +ains. choice of the parent with whom they wish to remain !6e 'o*rt may 6oe&er mae t6e as provided to in %itle ID. It shall also provide for ne'essary adG*stments in 'ase t6e appropriate visitation rights of the other parent. a+reement is inade*ate. Art. 5,: %he effects provided for by paragraphs 2, Arti'le ,$ ee'ts o termination o s*1se*ent 3, 4 and of "rticle 43 and by "rticle 44 shall marria+e (li*idation- dis7osition- donationalso apply in the proper cases to marriages which ins*ran'e- in6eritan'e) are declared ab initio or annulled by final judgment Arti'le $ ot6 s7o*ses o t6e s*1se*ent under "rticles 49 and 4. marria+e are in 1ad ait6 t6e marria+e s6all 1e &oid %he final judgment in such cases shall provide for Arti'le 0$ Final G*d+ment de'larin+ a marria+e as the liuidation, partition and distribution of the &oid or a s*1se*ent marria+e. properties of the spouses, the custody and support of the common children, and the delivery of third % In all ot6er 'ases o a &oid marria+e t6e 7ro7erty presumptive legitimes, unless such matters had re+ime ill 1e +o&erned 1y Art. 5 (a+es and been adjudicated in previous judicial proceedings. salaries oned 1y t6em in e*al s6ares 7ro7erty +o&erned 1y 'o%oners6i7) Art. 4 (7ro7erties "ll creditors of the spouses as well as of the a'*ired t6ro*+6 Goint 'ontri1*tions only and di&ided absolute community or the conjugal partnership in 7ro7ortion to t6eir ' ontri1*tions) shall be notified of the proceedings for liuidation. In the partition, the conjugal dwelling and the lot on which it is situated, shall be adjudicated in accordance with the provisions of "rticles 192 and 12;. Art. 51 In said partition, the value of the Pres*m7ti&e Le+itime$ Part o t6e 7ro7erty o t6e presumptive legitimes of all common children, testator- 6i'6 'annot 1e dis7osed o 1e'a*se t6e computed as of the date of the final judgment of the la 6as reser&ed it or 'ertain 'om7*lsory 6eirs. !6e trial court, shall be delivered in cash, property or de'ree o ann*lment or n*llity o marria+e 7ro&ides sound securities, unless the parties, by mutual or t6e deli&ery o t6e 7res*m7ti&e le+itimes t6is is in agreement judicially approved, had already order to 7rote't t6e le+itime o t6e '6ildren rom provided for such matters. s*1se*ent marria+e. ?. I A 6*s1and o dies- t6eir '6ild C ill in6erit a %he children or their guardian or the trustee of their le+itime rom AJs 7ro7erties. In t6is 'ase t6ere is no property may as0 for the enforcement of the deat6 t6*s t6e le+itime is 7res*med (6at AJs judgment. 7ro7erties o*ld 1e i 6e died at t6is time) and t6at is 6at is +i&en to C. %he delivery of the presumptive legitimes herein In t6e e&ent t6at t6e eit6er or 1ot6 7arents prescribed shall in no way prejudice the ultimate die later on t6e 7res*m7ti&e le+itime +i&en •
support there being no marriage.
@!6e G*d+ment and de'ree o n*llity or ann*lment ill 1e'ome inal *7on t6e e?7iration o / days rom t6e re'ei7t o t6e 7arties o t6e de'ision. (!6*s any marria+e 7rior to t6e / days may 1e ' onsidered 1i+amo*s sin'e t6e marria+e is still s*1sistin+ at t6at time.)
@ !6e '6ildren or t6e +*ardian may see t6e enor'ement or t6e deli&ery o t6e 7res*m7ti&e le+itime.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
successional rights of the children accruing upon the death of either of both of the parents@ but the value of the properties already received under the decree of annulment or absolute nullity shall be considered as advances on their legitime. Art. 5$: hildren conceived or born before the judgment of annulment or absolute nullity of the marriage under "rticle 3> has become final and executory shall be considered legitimate. hildren conceived or born of the subseuent marriage under "rticle 3 shall li0ewise be legitimate.
is 'onsidered an ad&an'e on t6eir le+itime and are G*st +i&en t6e remainin+ 1alan'e d*e t6em. In &oid marria+es ot6er t6an t6at 7ro&ided or in Art. 0- t6e 7res*m7ti&e le+itime is not deli&ered. % enerally- '6ildren 'on'ei&ed and 1orn o*tside a &alid marria+e or inside a &oid marria+e are ille+itimate e?'e7t t6ose 'omin+ rom a marria+e &oid d*e to 7sy'6olo+i'al in'a7a'ity and t6ose d*e to la' o G*di'ial de'ree o n*llity or li*idation or dissol*tion o 7ro7erty. •
@ I t6e '6ild is 'on'ei&ed 7rior to t6e marria+e and t6e marria+e is terminated *nder Art. ,E or /, '6ild ill 1e ille+itimate (t6e s*1se*ent &oid marria+e e&en *nder t6ese arti'les ill not le+itimate t6em)
E%A SEPA&A'IO,: Does not ae't t6e marital stat*s o t6e 'o*7le- merely a se7aration o 1ed and 1oard. (?'l*si&e list) Violen'e A+ainst omen and C6ildren (VAC RA 92E2)$ in'l*des s7o*se- +irlriends- and e&en one%ni+6t stands (le&el o intima'y). Men 'an ile on 1e6al o '6ildren. Many arti'les o VAC en'om7ass le+al se7aration and i t6is is so t6e re*ired 'oolin+ o 7eriod is no lon+er ne'essary. In'l*ded as 7art o VAC s*'6 as 'orr*7tion (,) in'l*ded as &iolen'e- e&en 7sy'6olo+i'al &iolen'e (1i+amy- se?*al inidelity). % !6e '6ildren in'l*ded in VAC are t6ose *nder t6e 'are o t6e omen e&en t6ose o t6e res7ondentJs '6ild rom a 7re&io*s marria+e. Article 55: ?appens after marriage ceremony P6ysi'al &iolen'e 6ere is meas*red not 1y t6e @ Does not in'l*de a +ro*nd or le+al se7aration 1. )epeated physical violence or grossly abusive se&erity 1*t 1y t6e re*en'y. "oe&er i it is not 6en t6e res7ondent%s7o*se inli'ts &iolen'e on conduct directed against the petitioner, a common re7eated or is not 76ysi'al &iolen'e it may 1e 6is6er on '6ild rom a 7re&io*s marria+e 1*t may child, or a child of the petitioner 'onsidered as +rossly a1*si&e 'ond*'t. 'a*se to s*s7end or terminate 7arental a*t6ority. Art. 2, ()$ Parental a*t6ority 'an 1e s*s7ended rossly a1*si&e 'ond*'t need not 1e re7eated 1*t 6en t6e 7arent treats t6e '6ild it6 e?'essi&e more o a serio*s a't$ rely on 7ro7ortionality and 6ars6ness or 'r*elty a1*si&e 'ond*'t to 6at as 'ommitted. Contin*ed indieren'e or a&ersion to s7o*se and 7ersistent ne+le't o d*ties in'ident to marital relation- et'. >se o oensi&e and a1*si&e lan+*a+e it6 intent and i?ed 7*r7ose o 'a*sin+ *n6a77iness. Ot6er a'ts o 'orr*7tion- 6i'6 do not all *nder 7rostit*tion. 2.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
petitioner, a common child, or a child of the petitioner, to engage in prostitution, or connivance in such corruption or inducement
4. (inal judgment sentencing the respondent to imprisonment of more than six years, even if pardoned . $rug addiction or habitual alcoholism of the respondent
>. #esbianism or homosexuality of respondent 5. )espondent contracts a subseuent bigamous marriage
6. :exual infidelity or perversion
eman'i7ated. % !6e 'orr*7t a't 6ere reers to 7rostit*tion only- a mere attem7t is eno*+6 t6e res7ondent need not 1e s*''ess*l at t6e 'orr*7tion or ind*'ement. % !6ere is no 'a*se o a'tion 6en t6e '6ild in&ol&ed is t6at o t6e res7ondent rom anot6er marria+e. % !6e 'rime need not 1e a+ainst t6e ot6er s7o*se. It 'an 1e a+ainst anyone. % !6e a't t6at t6e 'rime 6ad 1een 7ardoned doesnJt matter as lon+ as t6ere is a inal G*d+ment. % !6e e?tent and nat*re o s*'6 is t6e same- as t6ose in ann*lment 'ases 1*t s*'6 +ro*nds may e?ist e&en ater t6e marria+e 'eremony *nlie ann*lment. % Considered as a orm o 'r*elty or mental an+*is6 % M*st en+a+e in 6omose?*al a'ts % Ille+ally 'ontra'tin+ a marria+e des7ite *ll noled+e t6at t6e irst marria+e still &alidly e?ists or it6o*t o1tainin+ a G*di'ial de'laration o 7res*m7ti&e deat6.
a1*se o 'ond*'t
@6et6er t6e marria+e as done in t6e P6ili77ines or a1road is immaterial.
% Ot6er a'ts o se?*al inidelity s6ort o 'on'*1ina+e Exception: I t6e ie 'ondones se?*al 7er&ersion and ad*ltery are eno*+6 as lon+ as t6ey 'onstit*te it6 6er 6*s1and t6en it 'annot 1e a +ro*nd or le+al a 'lear 1etrayal o tr*st. se7aration. % Se?*al 7er&ersion 'an 1e done to ones on ie. ;. "ttempt by the respondent against the life of the % M*st 'ome rom an e&il desi+n or *nla*l 'a*se Exception: 6en it is or sel%deense (or some petitioner % #o need or any 'riminal 'on&i'tionot6er G*stiia1le reason) 7re7onderan'e o e&iden'e is eno*+6. (I t6ere is a Exception: S7o*se 'a*+6t t6e ot6er in flagrante 'riminal 'on&i'tion- t6e ot6er s7o*se 'an 1e delicto disin6erited e&en i t6ere is no le+al se7aration 'ase iled) 19. "bandonment of petitioner by respondent ill*lly let t6e dellin+ it6o*t intention o @I t6ere is an *nG*stiia1le or lea&in+ t6en it is not without justifiable cause for more than one year. ret*rnin+. 'onsidered a1andonment. (or purposes of this "rticle, the term EchildE shall @!6ere m*st 1e a ron+*l intent to desertinclude a child by nature or by adoption 'ontin*ed or t6e stat*tory 7eriod. Article <=: Denial of le#al separation if they fall on the follo!in# #rounds 1. =here the aggrieved party has condoned the offense or act % May 1e e?7ressed or im7lied or+i&eness Exception: i ater t6e
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
complained of
% #ot looin+ or an errin+ ie ater s6e 'ommits an oense does not mean or+i&eness.
3@ =here the aggrieved party has consented to the commission of the offense or act complained of 9@ =here there is connivance between the parties in the commission of the offense or act constituting the ground for legal separation
it6er s7o*se a+reed or did not o1Ge't to t6e oense FOR it as 'ommitted. % 6ere t6e s7o*ses a+ree t6at one s7o*se ill 'ommit t6e oense to +i&e +ro*nds or le+al se7aration. % 6ere one o t6e 7arties em7loyed a , rd 7arty to ind*'e t6e ot6er s7o*se to 'ommit t6e oense to +i&e +ro*nds. % Corr*7t 'onsentin+ % 6en to 7ersons a'ted in 1ad ait6- t6ey s6o*ld 1e 'onsidered as 6a&in+ a'ted in +ood ait6. % In 'oll*sion t6e 'o*7le maes it a77ear t6at t6ere is a +ro*nd or le+al se7aration 1*t a't*ally t6ere is none. % Corr*7t a+reement % !6e a't need not a't*ally 6a77en % An a'tion or le+al se7aration m*st 1e iled it6in / years rom t6e o''*rren'e o t6e 'a*se. % From t6e time t6e a't o''*rred not t6e dis'o&ery o t6e 'a*se o a'tion. % !6e deendant is re*ired to anser t6e 7etition / days rom t6e date o t6e re'ei7t o t6e 'om7laint. "oe&er 6et6er or not t6e deendant iles an anser or not t6ere s6o*ld 1e no 6earin+ on t6e merits 1y t6e 'o*rt *ntil ater a E%mont6 'oolin+%o 7eriod is terminated.
@ =here both parties have given ground for legal separation <@ =here there is collusion between the parties to obtain decree of legal separation
=@ =here the action is barred by prescription
Art. 5) "n action for legal separation shall in no case be tried before six months shall have elapsed since the filing of the petition
Art. 5+ -o legal separation may be decreed unless the ourt has ta0en steps toward the reconciliation of the spouses and is fully satisfied, despite such efforts, that reconciliation is highly improbable. Art. %, -o decree of legal separation shall be based upon a stipulation of facts or a confession of judgment. In any case, the ourt shall order the prosecuting attorney or fiscal assigned to it to ta0e steps to prevent collusion between the parties and to ta0e care that the evidence is not fabricated or suppressed.
% !6e 'o*rt m*st try to sal&a+e t6e marria+e 1y tain+ ste7s toards re'on'iliation.
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I t6e deendin+ 7arty ails to anser 6e or s6e 'annot 1e dea*lted and t6e 'o*rt s6all order t6e 7rose'*tin+ attorney to in&esti+ate 6et6er t6ere is 'oll*sion or not 1eteen t6e 7arties. &en i t6e 7arty ansers t6e is'al is s till mandated to mae s*re t6ere is no 'oll*sion
'ondonation t6e +*ilty s7o*se re7eats t6e oense t6en 'an still ile or le+al se7aration.
Art@ <$ "n action for legal separation shall be filed within five years from the time of the occurrence of the cause @Fail*re to o1ser&e t6e E%mont6 'oolin+ o 7eriod is a +ro*nd to set aside a de'ision +rantin+ le+al se7aration. @Ot6er in'idents may 1e 6eard d*rin+ t6e E%mont6 7eriod s*'6 as s*77ort and '*stody. @ "oe&er e&en i t6ere is no trial t6e 'o*7le may '6oose not to li&e to+et6er. !6ey 'annot 1e or'ed to li&e to+et6er. @ I t6e 'ase is &e6emently o77osed and 'ontested and it is 'lear t6at t6e liti+ation is a no% 6olds 1arred 'ontest and not 'oll*sion t6e non%inter&ention o t6e 7rose'*tin+ attorney is not
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
and t6at t6e e&iden'e is +en*ine. Art. %1: "fter the filing of the petition for legal separation, the In t6e a1sen'e o a ritten a+reement 1eteen spouses shall be entitled to live separately from each other t6e s7o*ses- t6e 'o*rt s6all desi+nate 6o s6all %he court, in the absence of a written agreement between the administer t6e 7ro7erties (it 'an 1e a t6ird spouses, shall designate either of them or a third person to 7erson). administer the absolute community or conjugal partnership property. %he administrator appointed by the court shall have the same powers and duties as those of a guardian under the )ules of ourt. Art. %2: $uring the pendency of the action for legal separation, Art. 9$ D*rin+ t6e 7enden'y o t6e a'tion and in t6e the provisions of "rticle 4; shall li0ewise apply to the support of a1sen'e o a ritten a+reement- t6e 'o*rt ill 7ro&ide or the spouses and the custody and support of the common children. t6e s*77ort and '*stody. Art. %!: %he decree of legal separation shall have the following % !6o*+6 t6e s7o*ses are entitled to li&e se7arately t6e effects marria+e 1ond s6all not 1e se&ered. !6ey are still 1. %he spouses shall be entitled to live separately from each married to ea'6 ot6er. other, but the marriage bonds shall not be severed@ % !6e 7ro7erty s6all 1e li*idated- t6e oendin+ s7o*se 2. %he absolute community or the conjugal partnership shall be s6all 6a&e no s6are or ri+6t to t6e 7roits earned and dissolved and liuidated but the offending spouse shall have no s6all 1e oreited in a&or o t6e 'ommon '6ildren i none right to any share of the net profits earned by the absolute t6e '6ildren o t6e +*ilty s7o*se i none t6en to t6e community or the conjugal partnership, which shall be forfeited in inno'ent s7o*se. accordance with the provisions of "rticle 432@ % !6e inno'ent s7o*se s6all +enerally 6a&e '*stody o 3. %he custody of the minor children shall be awarded to the t6e '6ildren 6oe&er t6e maGor 'onsideration is alays innocent spouse, subject to the provisions of "rticle 213 of this t6e 7aramo*nt interest o t6e '6ildren. ode@ and % !6e oendin+ s7o*se s6all 1e dis*aliied rom 4. %he offending spouse shall be disualified from inheriting from in6eritin+ orm t6e inno'ent s7o*se 1y intestate s*''ession *rt6ermore 7ro&isions in a&or o t6e the innocent spouse by intestate succession. Moreover, provisions in favor of the offending spouse made in the will of the oendin+ s7o*se made in t6e ill o t6e inno'ent s7o*se innocent spouse shall be revo0ed by operation of law. s6all 1e re&oed 1y o7eration o la. Art. %$: "fter the finality of the decree of legal separation, the !6e la +i&es t6e o7tion to inno'ent 7arty innocent spouse may revo0e the donations made by him or by her 6et6er to re&oe or not t6e donation o t6e in favor of the offending spouse, as well as the designation of the +*ilty 7arty in an ins*ran'e. latter as beneficiary in any insurance policy, even if such !6e re&o'ation m*st 1e made it6in / years designation be stipulated as irrevocable. %he revocation of the rom t6e time t6e de'ree o le+al se7aration 6as donations shall be recorded in the registries of property in the 1e'ome inal. places where the properties are located. "lienations, liens and @ !6e re&o'ation o or '6an+e in t6e desi+nation o encumbrances registered in good faith before the recording of the ins*ran'e 1enei'iary s6all tae ee't ater ritten complaint for revocation in the registries of property shall be notii'ation to t6e ins*rer not t6e ins*red sin'e it maes respected. %he revocation of or change in the designation of the more sense 6oe&er t6e la states notii'ation s6o*ld
atal to t6e &alidity o t6e 7ro'eedin+s. @ Deat6 o t6e 7lainti 1eore t6e inal de'ree in an a'tion or le+al se7aration terminates t6e 'ase.
@ #o '6ildren 1elo 5 years old s6all 1e se7arated rom t6e mot6er *nless t6e 'o*rt inds 'om7ellin+ reasons to order ot6erise (!ender ears Do'trine)
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
insurance beneficiary shall ta0e effect upon written notification thereof to the insured %he action to revo0e the donation under this "rticle must be brought within five years from the time the decree of legal separation become final. Art. %5 If the spouses should reconcile, a corresponding joint manifestation under oath duly signed by them shall be filed with the court in the same proceeding for legal separation.
Art. %%: %he reconciliation referred to in the preceding "rticles shall have the following conseuences 1. %he legal separation proceedings, if still pending, shall thereby be terminated at whatever stage@ and 2. %he final decree of legal separation shall be set aside, but the separation of property and any forfeiture of the share of the guilty spouse already effected shall subsist, unless the spouses agree to revive their former property regime. %he courtBs order containing the foregoing shall be recorded in the proper civil registries. Art. %(: %he agreement to revive the former property regime referred to in the preceding "rticle shall be executed under oath and shall specify 1. %he properties to be contributed anew to the restored regime 2. %hose to be retained as separated properties of each spouse@ and 3. %he names of all their 0nown creditors, their addresses and the amounts owing to each. %he agreement of revival and the motion for its approval shall be filed with the court in the same proceeding for legal separation, with copies of both furnished to the creditors named therein. "fter due hearing, the court shall, in its order, ta0e measure to protect the interest of creditors and such order shall be recorded in the proper registries of properties. %he recording of the ordering in the registries of property shall not prejudice any creditor not listed or not notified, unless the debtor8 spouse has sufficient separate properties to satisfy the creditorBs claim.
1e +i&en to t6e ins*red t6*s t6at s6o*ld 1e olloed.
I t6e 'ase is still 7endin+ t6en it s6all 1e terminated- i t6e de'ree 6as 1een iss*ed t6en it s6all 1e set aside. Se7aration o 7ro7erties ill still s*1sist- 1*t t6e 7arties 'an enter into an a+reement to re&i&e t6e 7rior 7ro7erty re+ime. enerally t6e la 7ro&ides t6at one 'an only i? t6e 7ro7erty re+ime 1eore t6e marria+e 'ele1ration 1*t t6e r*les no set ort6 t6at t6e ado7tion o anot6er 7ro7erty re+ime 'an 1e made aside rom t6at 6i'6 t6ey 6ad 7re&io*sly e?istin+ d*rin+ t6eir marria+e. FFC! OF RVIVAL$ . I 'reditors are notiied t6ey s6o*ld ile o77osition on 7ro7erties i t6ey 6a&e de1ts t6at s6o*ld 1e 7aid 1y eit6er s7o*se. 2. I 'reditors are notiied 1*t t6ey donJt ile t6ey 'annot +et rom t6e 7ro7erties t6at ill 1e 7la'ed in 'o%oners6i7 in t6e re&i&al. ,. I 'reditors are not notiied t6en t6ey 'an 'olle't rom 7ro7erties 'o%oned. . I 'reditors are not notiied 1*t t6ere are se7arate 7ro7erties t6ey 'anJt +et rom 'o% oned 7ro7erties. -
@ !6e 'reditors s6o*ld 1e inormed o t6e '6an+es it6 re+ard to t6e 7ro7erty et'.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
&I%('S A,D O/I%A'IO,S /E'BEE, (1S/A,D A,D BI)E Art. %): %he husband and wife are obliged to live Reason$ So 'o*7les ont a1andon ea'6 ot6er together, observe mutual love, respect and fidelity, 1ased on t6eir 6ims and 'a7ri'es and render mutual help and support . PPOR! A#D O!"R support of the family. %he expenses for such CO#3>AL OLIA!IO#S$ support and other conjugal obligations shall be paid . From t6e 'omm*nity 7ro7erty from the community property and, in the absence 2. In a1sen'e t6ereo in'ome o r*its o t6e thereof, from the income or fruits of their separate se7arate 7ro7erties properties. In case of insufficiency or absence of ,. I ins*i'ient or a1sent rom t6e se7arate said income or fruits, such obligations shall be 7ro7erties t6emsel&es.
@ Remedy i ot6er s7o*se is not li&in+ it6 yo*$ see relie rom 'o*rt so t6at yo* do not 6a&e to +i&e 6im s*77ort. A 6*s1and 'an 1e lia1le or ra7in+ 6is ie 6oe&er t6e s*1se*ent or+i&eness 1y t6e ie to t6e oended 7arty s6all e?tin+*is6 t6e 'riminal a'tion. FOR$ Matrimonial e?em7tion rom ra7e . Man and oman 1e'ome so man 'annot ra7e 6imsel 2. Marria+e 'ontra't means ie 'onsents to all and any se?*al inter'o*rse it6 6*s1and. R>!$ . oman 6as 'ertain ri+6ts and li1erties6i'6 se7arate 6er rom t6e man. 2. A1sol*te 'onsent is not so*nd sin'e marria+e itsel is re&o'a1le. •
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
satisfied from the separate properties.
Art. (1: %he management of the household shall be the right and the duty of both spouses. %he expenses for such management shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of "rticle 59. Art. (2: =hen one of the spouses neglects his or her duties to the conjugal union or commits acts which tend to bring danger, dishonor or injury to the other or to the family, the aggrieved party may apply to the court for relief.
Art. (!: +ither spouse may exercise any legitimate profession, occupation, business or activity without the consent of the other. %he latter may object only on valid, serious, and moral grounds. In case of disagreement, the court shall decide whether or not 1. %he objection is proper@ and 2. Aenefit has occurred to the family prior to the objection or thereafter. If the benefit accrued prior to the objection, the resulting obligation shall be enforced against the separate property of the spouse who has not obtained consent. %he foregoing provisions shall not prejudice the rights of creditors who acted in good faith.
S6all 1e t6e ri+6t and d*ty o 1ot6 s7o*ses re+ardless o 6at t6e 7ro7erty re+ime is. In t6e e&ent t6at one o t6e s7o*ses ne+le'ts 6is or 6er d*ties or 'ommits a'ts t6at endan+er or dis6onor t6e amily t6e a++rie&ed 7arty may a77ly to t6e 'o*rt or relie. FORMS OF RLIF$ . Le+al se7aration 2. Psy'6olo+i'al in'a7a'ity ,. Petition or re'ei&ers6i7 G*di'ial- se7aration o 7ro7erty to 1e'ome sole administrator o 7ro7erty. ased on 7res*m7tion- des7ite o1Ge'tion (1eore or ater) it ill still +o to amily. VAC$ I 6*s1and 7re&ents yo* rom doin+ a ri+6t t6en 7*nis6a1le 1y la. !6e o1Ge'tion m*st 1e all &alid- serio*sand on moral +ro*nds at t6e same time. I it is an isolated a'ti&ity;'ontra't; it6o*t 'onsent o ot6er s7o*se- t6e 'onG*+al s7o*se 'anJt 1e lia1le #RAL R>L$ . O1li+ations in'*rred 1eore or ater t6e marria+e 1*t redo*ndin+ to t6e 1eneit o t6e amily s6all 1e '6ar+ed to t6e 'onG*+al 7ro7erties 2. S7o*seJs Go1 redo*nds to t6e 1eneit o t6e amily t6*s o1li+ations 'an 1e satisied rom t6e 'onG*+al 7ro7erty. ,. I t6e 1eneit a''r*ed 7rior to t6e o1Ge'tiont6e res*ltin+ o1li+ation s6all 1e enor'ed a+ainst t6e se7arate 7ro7erty o t6e s7o*se 6o 6as not o1tained 'onsent. -
?'e7tions$ For t6e se7arate 7ro7erties to 1e lia1le t6e ot6er s7o*se m*st 6a&e no noled+e o t6e immoral a'ti&ity and t6ereore 'o*ld not +i&e an o1Ge'tion e&en i 1eneit a''r*es to t6e amily. ?'e7tion lia1ility a+ainst se7arate 7ro7erty$ I t6e 'reditor did not no o t6e immoral a'ti&ity or t6o*+6t it as to 1e *sed or a le+itimate 1*siness'reditor 'an 'olle't rom 'onG*+al 7ro7erties.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
P&OPE&'+ &EA'IO,S Art@ : !6e 7ro7erty relations6i7 1eteen 6*s1and and ie s6all 1e +o&erned in t6e olloin+ order$ . y marria+e settlements e?e'*ted 1eore t6e marria+eK 2. y t6e 7ro&isions o t6is CodeK and ,. y t6e lo'al '*stom.
Art. (5: %he future spouses may, in the marriage settlements, agree upon the regime of absolute community, conjugal partnership of gains, complete separation of property, or any other regime. In the absence of a marriage settlement, or when the regime agreed upon is void, the system of absolute community of property as established in this ode shall govern. Article (%: Modifications in marriage settlement must be made before the celebration of the marriage.
Marria+e Settlements$ m*st 1e in ritin+ si+ned 1y t6e 7arties- and made 7rior to t6e 'ele1ration o t6e marria+e i it is not in ritin+ it s6all 1e *nenor'ea1le. I t6ere is no marria+e settlement a+reed *7on or i t6e same is &oid- t6en t6e a1sol*te 'omm*nity o 7ro7erty ill 7re&ail. FFC! OF MARRIA S!!LM#!$ . Pro7erty in marria+e settlement is re+istered did not redo*nd to amily'reditor 'anJt +et rom 'o%oned 2. I marria+e settlement is not re+istered'an +et rom 'o%oned ,. I redo*nded to 1eneit o amily 'an +et rom 'o%oned e&en i not re+istered. @Marria+e settlement m*st 1e air- t6ey m*st e?er'ise +ood ait6 in 'ontra'tin+ t6e marria+e settlement. "oe&er i t6e a+reement is not air as lon+ as t6e disad&anta+ed s7o*se s6os t6at 6es6e *nderstood it t6en t6e marria+e settlement s6all 1e maintained. LOCAL C>S!OMS$ r*le o 'ond*'t ormed 1y re7etition o a'ts *niormly o1ser&ed as a so'ial r*le- le+ally 1indin+ and o1li+atory. % I a marria+e settlement is a1sent or 7ro7erty re+ime a+reed *7on is &oid- A1sol*te 'omm*nity o 7ro7erty ill +o&ern.
FFC! OF #O MARRIA S!!LM#!$ . I t6e mort+a+e as re+istered t6en t6e ne s7o*seJs 7ro7erty ill also 1e lia1le. 2. I t6e mort+a+e as not re+istered t6e ne s7o*se ill not 1e lia1le 1*t t6e mort+a+e ill 1e im7aired and t6e de1tor s7o*se ill loose t6e ri+6t to mae *se o t6e 7eriod. M*st +i&e ne se'*rities so as not to loose t6e 7eriod.
Art@ : !6e marria+e settlements and any modii'ation t6ereo s6all 1e in ritin+- si+ned 1y t6e 7arties and e?e'*ted 1eore t6e 'ele1ration o t6e marria+e. !6ey s6all not 7reG*di'e t6ird 7ersons *nless t6ey are re+istered in t6e lo'al 'i&il re+istry 6ere t6e marria+e 'ontra't is re'orded as ell as
Exception under Article == and =: Re&i&al or ado7tion o ne 7ro7erty re+ime 6en t6ose le+ally se7arated 6a&e re'on'iled. Exception under Article 438: in 'ase o a1andonment o a s7o*se ot6er s7o*se 'an 7etition or re'ei&ers6i7 or administration o 7ro7erties or
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@ I t6e marria+e s ettlement does not 7arti'*lari:e any &alid 7ro7erty re+ime s*'6 7ro&ision is &oid and t6*s t6e a1sol*te 'omm*nity o 7ro7erty s6all 7re&ail.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
in t6e 7ro7er re+istries o 7ro7erties. (Oral marria+e settlement is VOID)
Art. (): " minor who according to law may contract marriage may also execute his or her marriage settlements, but they shall be valid only if the persons designated in "rticle 14 to give consent to the marriage are made parties to the agreement, subject to the provisions of %itle ID of this ode. Art. (+: (or the validity of any marriage settlement executed by a person upon whom a sentence of civil interdiction has been pronounced or who is subject to any other disability, it shall be indispensable for the guardian appointed by a competent court to be made a party thereto. Art. ),: In the absence of a contrary stipulation in a marriage settlement, the property relations of the spouses shall be governed by
G*di'ial de'ree o se7aration o 7ro7erties Exception under Article 49<: F*rt6er +ro*nds or G*di'ial se7aration o 7ro7erty Exception under Article 49=: &ol*ntary and &eriied 7etition in 'o*rt o 1ot6 s7o*ses to modiy re+ime into se7arate 'omm*nity o 7ro7erty re+ime.
. #o a minor or a 7erson 1elo 4 years old 'annot 'ontra't to a marria+e. An 4%year%old 7erson de'idin+ to +et married 'an e?e'*te a marria+e settlement it6o*t o1tainin+ 'onsent.
. It is mandatory t6at a 7erson it6 'i&il interdi'tion m*st 6a&e a +*ardian a77ointed 1y t6e 'o*rt to 1e in&ol&ed in main+ t6e marria+e settlement CIVIL I#!RDIC!IO#$ de7ri&es t6e oender d*rin+ t6e senten'e- ri+6ts in marria+e- 7arental ri+6ts- and administration o 7ro7erty. ?trinsi' &alidity$ !6e orm o t6e 'ontra't 6as to ollo 6ate&er is t6e la in t6e 'o*ntry or '6an+es to 1e made ('6an+e title et'.)
. !6e reason or t6e marria+e settlement is t6e marria+e itsel t6*s i it does not tae 7la'e t6e marria+e settlement s6all not 1e &alid. . !6e 7ro&isions in a marria+e settlement are se7ara1le t6*s i t6ere are 7ro&isions 6i'6 are in&alid t6en only t6e in&alid 7ro&isions ill 1e
Donations in marria+e settlements are re&oed 1y o7eration o la.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
depend upon the celebration of the marriages shall be valid . 5OID *A&&IA%E SE''E*E,'S AR!ICL 5E Arti'le 5E
Arti'le 40 Arti'le 4
e'ts on 'reditors Ma rr ia +e set tl eme nts #o marria+e settlements$ A1sol*te 'omm*nity o 7ro7erty.
inee't*al 6ile t6e rest ill 1e enor'ed.
!6ose not ritten- si+ned and made 1eore t6e 'ele1ration !6ose t6at sti7*late t6at neit6er lo'al '*stom nor a1sol*te 'omm*nity o 7ro7erty ill +o&ern it6o*t sti7*latin+ any ot6er ind o 7ro7erty re+ime. !6ose made 1y a 7erson *7on 6o a senten'e o 'i&il interdi'tion is +i&en !6ose sti7*lated in marria+e settlement or 'ontra'ts made in 'onsideration o marria+e (donations) ill 1e &oid i marria+e does not tae 7la'e
% On ly ne ed s to 1e re +is te re d i n o rd er to 1i nd t6 ir d 7 ar tie s. I re+istered- t6ird 7arties 'annot +o ater 'onG*+al 7ro7erty I t6ere is no marria+e settlement$ . I 7ro7erty is re+istered t6en s7o*se is 1o*nd 1y mort+a+e 2. I 7ro7erty is not re+istered t6en 7ro7erty is im7aired and t6e de1tor looses 7eriod o loan.
DO,A'IO,S Art@ 83$ $onations by reason of marriage are those, which are made before its celebration, in consideration of the same, and in favor of one or both of the future spouses. Art. )!: %hese donations are governed by the rules on ordinary donations established in %itle III of Aoo0 III of the ivil ode, insofar as they are not modified by the following articles. Art. )$: If the future spouses agree upon a regime other than the absolute community of property, they cannot donate to each other in their marriage settlements more than one8fifth of their present property. "ny excess shall be considered void.
Exception: *nless a +*ardian a77ointed made 1y a 'om7etent 'o*rt is made 7arty t6ereto Exception: sti7*lations t6at donJt de7end on t6e 'ele1ration o t6e marria+e s6all remain &alid.
Exception to third party rule: I inde1tedness 1eneited to t6e amily t6en 'an +o ater 'omm*nity o 7ro7erty. Exception to impairment of property: i de1tor immediately +i&es ne 7ro7erty e*ally satisa'tory or +et 'onsent o N to t6e se'*rity or 'ollateral already esta1lis6ed- t6en 6e does not loose 7eriod o loan.
DO,A'IO,S P&OP'E& ,1P'IAS: . Donations are to 1e made 7rior to t6e 'ele1ration o marria+e 2. M*st 1e made in a&or o or 1ot6 o t6e s7o*ses. Can 1e made 1y a t6ird 7arty in t6e settlement. Donation bet!een spouses: . A &alid marria+e settlement m*st sti7*late anot6er re+ime t6an A1sol*te Comm*nity o Pro7erty (ACP) 2. Donation 'annot 1e more t6an / o t6e 7resent 7ro7erty o t6e donee s7o*se. ,. M*st 1e a''e7ted and 'om7ly it6 ot6er. Exception: / r*le ill not a77ly i donation is in a se7arate deed- 7ro&ided 6e 6as eno*+6 to s*77ort 6imsel and t6ose relyin+ on 6im.
Pro'ed*re%%Mo&a1le$ . A''e7ted 7ersonally or re7resentati&e 2. Made in lietime o donor and donee ,. Can 1e orally +i&en as lon+ as it6 sim*ltaneo*s deli&ery or do'*ment re7resentin+ ri+6t o donated (i a1o&e /000 t6en m*st 1e in ritin+) Pro'ed*re%%Immo&a1le$ .m*st 1e in 7*1li' do'*ment 2. A''e7tan'e made in t6at do'*ment or se7arate ,. M*st 1e made in lietime o donor. DO#A!IO#S NCL>DD$ . Made in a&or o t6e s7o*ses ater t6e 'ele1ration o t6e
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
$onations of future property shall be governed by the provisions on testamentary succession and the formalities of wills.
2.
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Article )5: $onations by reason of marriage of property subject to encumbrances shall be valid. In case of foreclosure of the encumbrance and the property is sold for less than the total amount of the obligation secured, the donee shall not be liable for the deficiency. If the property is sold for more than the total amount of said obligation, the donee shall be entitled to the excess.
Art. )%: " donation by reason of marriage may be revo0ed by the donor in the following cases 1. If the marriage is not celebrated or judicially declared void ab initio except donations made in the marriage settlements, which shall be governed by "rticle 61@ 2. =hen the marriage ta0es place without the consent of the parents or guardian, as reuired by law@ 3. =hen the marriage is annulled, and the donee acted in bad faith@ 4. Fpon legal separation, the donee being the guilty spouse@ . If it is with a resolutory condition and the condition is complied with@ >. =hen the donee has committed an act of ingratitude as specified by the provisions of the ivil ode on donations in general.
#C>MRA#C$ Anyt6in+ t6at im7airs t6e *se or transer o 7ro7erty (1*rdened) % I t6e o1Ge't o t6e donation is en'*m1ered it is still &alid 1*t t6e doneeJs ri+6ts are still s*1Ge't to t6e en'*m1ran'e. I# CAS OF #C>MRA#C OF PROPR!$ . Donee ont 1e lia1le or ins*i'ien'y o 7ro7erty to 'reditor. !6e donor ill still 1e lia1le or t6at. 2. Donee 'an ee7 e?'ess i 7ro7erty more t6an satisies t6e de1t. ,. Donee 'annot as or reim1*rsement rom donor i mort+a+e is ore'losed. % *t ont 1e lia1le or dei'ien'y- and +ets t6e e?'ess i sold or more t6an amo*nt. . Marria+e is not 'ele1rated or is &oid a1 initio (in'l*din+ art. /2%/,) Prescription: Marria+e is &oid$ / years rom 3*di'ial De'laration o #*llity (i doesnJt ant to +i&e it 1a'- 7res'ri1e ater 4 years or mo&a1le- ,0 years or immo&a1le) Marria+e not 'ele1rated$ / years rom 6en it as not 'ele1rated 2. Marria+e taes 7la'e it6o*t 'onsent o 7arents Prescription: % / years rom t6e time 6e 6ad noled+e t6at 'onsent as not o1tained- ater t6e marria+e. ,. >7on le+al se7aration 6en donee is t6e +*ilty s7o*se Prescription: . / years rom inality o de'ree. . 6en t6ere is a resol*tory 'a*se and t6e 'ondition 6as 1een 'om7lied it6
marria+e ?e'*ted in a&or o t6e *t*re s7o*ses 1*t not in 'onsideration o marria+e ranted to 7ersons ot6er t6an t6e s7o*ses e&en t6o*+6 t6ey may 1e o*nded on t6e marria+e.
Exception$ I t6e donation is in t6e marria+e settlement it ill 1e re&oed 1y o7eration o la. Exception: I t6e marria+e is &oid d*e to Arti'le 0- or Arti'le - t6en a*tomati'ally re&oed
Exception: i t6e +ro*nd or le+al se7aration is inidelity in t6e orm o ad*ltery or 'on'*1ina+e it ill 1e a*tomati'ally &oid. Exception: 1eteen 6*s1and and ie 7res'ri7tion does not r*n.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. )(: +very donation or grant of gratuitous advantage, direct or indirect, between the spouses during the marriage shall be void, except moderate gifts which the spouses may give each other on the occasion of any family rejoicing. %he prohibition shall also apply to persons living together as husband and wife without a valid marriage.
Property &e#ime Absolute community of property Art. )) $ %he absolute
Bhat included All 7ro7erties oned 1eore and ater. Art. +1 Fnless
Prescription: / years rom t6e 6a77enin+ o t6e resol*tory 'ondition. E. A'ts o in+ratit*de$ % Donee 'ommits an oense a+ainst t6e 7erson or 7ro7erty o t6e donor- 6is ie- or '6ildren % Donee im7*tes to t6e donor any 'riminal oense in&ol&in+ moral t*r7it*de *nless it is a+ainst t6e donee % Donee *nd*ly re*ses to s*77ort donor 6en 6e is le+ally or morally 1o*nd to +i&e s*77ort. Prescription: % year rom t6e time t6e donor 6ad noled+e o t6e a't o in+ratit*de 6at 'onstit*tes a moderate +it de7ends on t6e inan'ial 'a7a'ity o t6e donor. >nder t6e last senten'e o Art. 45it m*st 1e s6on t6at t6e donation as made at a time 6en t6ey ere still li&in+ to+et6er as 6*s1and and ie it6o*t t6e 1eneit o marria+e. Validity o donation or transer 'annot 1e '6allen+ed 1y anyone *nless t6ose t6at ill 1e ae'ted 1y t6e donation. RSRVA !RO#CAL$ t6e as'endant 6o in6erits rom 6is des'endant any 7ro7erty 6i'6 t6e later may 6a&e a'*ired 1y +rat*ito*s title rom anot6er as'endant or si1lin+ is o1li+ed to reser&e s*'6 7ro7erty or t6e 1eneit o relati&es it6in t6e ,rd de+ree and 6o 1elon+ to t6e s ame line. ?. " is married to and 6as a son S. " 6as a 1rot6er . " dies and donates to S 6is 7ro7erty. Ater 6i'6- S dies it6o*t any 6eirs and t6*s t6e 7ro7erty +oes to . I dies t6e 7ro7erty does not +o to 6er 6eir 1*t to so t6at t6e 7ro7erty stays in t6e same line o t6e ori+inal oner (on'e oed 1y ") and is it6in t6e t6ird de+ree o S.
Bhat excluded Article 3: .7ro&ided in marria+e settlement
,otes Art@ 8$ -o waiver of rights, shares and effects of the absolute community of property during the marriage
5oid Donations: ('onsidered indire't donations to t6e s7o*se) . !o a ste7'6ild 6o 6as no 'om7*lsory or le+al 6eirs 2. !o a 'ommon '6ild 6o 6as no 'om7*lsory or le+al 6eirs ,. !o t6e 7arents o t6e ot6er s7o*se . !o t6e ot6er s7o*seJs ado7ted '6ild /. !o 'ommon ado7ted '6ild 6o 6as no ot6er 'om7*lsory and or le+al 6eirs.
Char#es Article $ 4@ S*77ort (s7o*ses'ommon le+itimate '6ildren)
i$uidation process 'ermination: Art. +(: +ither spouse may dispose by will of his or her interest in the
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
community of property between spouses shall commence at the precise moment that the marriage is celebrated. "ny stipulation, express or implied, for the commencement of the community regime at any other time shall be void
otherwise provided in this hapter or in the marriage settlements, the community property shall consist of all the property owned by the spouses at the time of the celebration of the marriage or acuired thereafter.
2. Personal and e?'l*si&e *se o eit6er s7o*se (e?'e7t Geelry) % "oe&er i e?'l*si&e 7ro7erty is *sed to 7*r'6ase somet6in+ else s*'6 7ro7erty 1e'omes 7art o ACP .Pro7erty a'*ired 1y +rat*ito*s title in'l*din+ t6e r*its and in'ome >#LSS t6e +*arantor e?7ressly said t6ey ill orm 7art o ACP Art. +!
can be made except in case of judicial separation of property.
% &en 1eyond a+e o maGority community property. 3@ De1ts o1li+ations made 1y 1ot6- administrator- or it6 Art. +): -either spouse =hen the waiver ta0es place 'onsent o ot6er s7o*se may donate any upon a judicial separation of (e&en i did not redo*nd) community property property, or after the marriage 9@ D O it6o*t 'onsent 1*t without the consent of has been dissolved or redo*nded. the other. ?owever, annulled, the same shall @ ?7enses or 'omm*nity either spouse may, appear in a public instrument 7ro7erty (ta?es- lienswithout the consent of and shall be recorded as '6ar+es) the other, ma0e provided in "rticle 55. %he <. !a?es e?7enses or moderate donations creditors of the spouse who 7reser&ation d*rin+ marria+e from the community made such waiver may o se7arate 7ro7erty used 1y property for charity or petition the court to rescind the amily on occasions of family waiver to the extent of the =. ?7enses or sel% rejoicing or family amount sufficient to cover the im7ro&ement or 7roession. distress amount of their credits. . Anten*7tial de1ts Article : @ #o ai&er o ri+6ts- interestsredo*ndin+ to amily . Deat6 s6ares- and ee'ts it6o*t 8@ Donation made 1y both % Same 7ro'eedin+ as G*di'ial se7aration or s7o*ses or '6ildren to settlement o estate. dissol*tion or ann*lment o 7*rs*e &o'ation or sel% S7o*se s6all li*idate marria+e B s6all a77ear in a im7ro&ement 7ro7erty i no G*di'ial 7*1li' instr*ment ('reditors . For ille+itimate '6ildrensettlement 7ro'eedin+ may res'ind ai&er *7 to ines or 'rimes*asi deli't in it6in year. Ater e?tent o t6e de1t) 'ase o insufficiency. year 'annot mae (Ad&an'es) en'*m1ran'e on Art. +% %he administration 4. ?7enses or liti+ation 7ro7erty. and enjoyment of the @ Solidary lia1ility does not 2. Le+al se7aration community property shall in'l*de ante%n*7tial de1ts not . Ann*lled or &oid belong to both spouses jointly. redo*ndin+- s*77ort o (+o&erned 1y art. 5 In case of disagreement, the ille+itimate- lia1ilities t6r* 4 e?'e7t i &oid *nder husbandBs decision shall 'rimedeli't. Arti'le 0) prevail, subject to recourse to /. 3*di'ial se7aration o the court by the wife for proper Art. +5: =hatever may be 7ro7erty remedy, which must be availed lost during the marriage in E. Rea77earan'e o a of within five years from the any game of chance, betting, s7o*se 7res*med dead. date of the contract sweepsta0es, or any other Procedure: implementing such decision. 0ind of gambling, whether Article 43: In the event that one spouse is permitted or prohibited by . In&entory (se7arate
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
ACP
:+<")"%I'- I- ("% Art. 1,, %he separation in fact between husband and wife shall not affect the regime of absolute community except that
incapacitated or otherwise law, shall be borne by the unable to participate in the loser and shall not be administration of the common charged to the community but properties, the other spouse any winnings therefrom shall may assume sole powers of form part of the c ommunity administration. %hese powers property. do not include disposition or encumbrance without authority of the court or the written consent of the other spouse. In the absence of such authority or consent, the disposition or encumbrance shall be void. ?owever, the transaction shall be construed as a continuing offer on the part of the consenting spouse and the third person, and may be perfected as a binding contract upon the acceptance by the other spouse or authori/ation by the court before the offer is withdrawn by either or both offerors. @ S7o*ses administer and enGoy 7ro7erty Gointly. "*s1and de'ision 7re&ails s*1Ge't to re'o*rse o ie it6in / years rom date o 'ontra't im7lementin+ de'ision. >! i ie ratiies 'ontra't e?7ress or im7lied 'ant ann*l anymore. % I dis7osition is made it6o*t noled+e or 'onsent o ot6er 7erson no 7res'ri7tion. . A1andonment is dierent rom se7aration in a't. A1andonment 6as to do it6 total a1di'ation o all marital and 7arental a*t6ority. % I t6e s7o*se let it6 a &alid 'a*se 6e or s6e 'an still 1e
and 'omm*nity) 2. DO o ACP s6all 1e 7aid o*t- in 'ase o ins*i'ien'y solidarily lia1le it6 se7arate 7ro7erty. ,. ?'l*si&e 7ro7 deli&ered. . #et remainder o ACP di&ided e*ally *nless dierent 7ro7ortion in settlement or ai&er. /. Deli&ery o 7res*m7ti&e le+itimates E. ConG*+al dellin+ it6 s7o*se it6 most '6ildren
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
ACP
1.%he spouse who leaves the conjugal home or refuses to live therein, without just cause, shall not have the right to be supported@ 2.=hen the consent of one spouse to any transaction of the other is reuired by law, judicial authori/ation shall be obtained in a summary proceeding@ 3. In the absence of sufficient community property, the separate property of both spouses shall be solidarily liable for the support of the family. %he spouse present shall, upon proper petition in a summary proceeding, be given judicial authority to administer or encumber any specific separate property of the other spouse and use the fruits or proceeds thereof to satisfy the latterBs share. Art. 1,1: If a spouse without just cause abandons the other or fails to comply with his or her obligations to the family, the aggrieved spouse may petition the court for receivership, for judicial separation of property or for authority to be the sole administrator of the absolute community, subject to such precautionary conditions as the court may impose.
s*77orted rom t6e ACP. % !6e ACP 'an still 1e lia1le or o1li+ations in'*rred 1y t6e se7aratin+ s7o*se t6at may redo*nd to t6e 1eneit o t6e amily. % &en t6e +*ilty s7o*se 'an 'om7el t6e sale o 7ro7erty- 6i'6 ill redo*nd to t6e 1eneit o t6e amily. % Only t6e 7resent s7o*se is +i&en standin+ 1y t6e la to ile a 7etition to en'*m1er or administer t6e 7ro7erty o t6e ot6er s7o*se.
A/A,DO,*E,': Im7lies a de7art*re 1y one s7o*se it6 t6e a&oed intent ne&er to ret*rn- olloed 1y 7rolon+ed a1sen'e it6o*t G*st 'a*se. % S6o*ld not only 1e 76ysi'al 1*t also inan'ial and moral desertion.
%he obligations to the family mentioned in the preceding paragraph refer to marital, parental or property relations.
ConFu#al Partnership of %ains: Art@ 4< In case the
" spouse is deemed to have abandoned the other when he or she has left the conjugal dwelling without intention of returning. %he spouse who has left the conjugal dwelling for a period of three months or has failed within the same period to give any information as to his or her whereabouts shall be prima facie presumed to have no intention of returning to the conjugal dwelling. Article 4=: Article 4: Art@ 4$ %he rules provided % Pro'eeds- 7rod*'ts. ro*+6t into t6e in "rticles 66 and 6; shall r*its and in'ome rom marria+e as 6is or 6er also apply to conjugal t6eir se7arate on partnership of gains.
Article 434: .s*77ort o s7o*se 'ommon and le+itimate '6ildren 2.DO 1y admin- 1ot6 or eit6er
'ermination: Article 43=: .Deat6 2.Le+al Se7aration
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
future spouses agree in the marriage settlements that the regime of conjugal partnership gains shall govern their property relations during marriage, the provisions in this hapter shall be of supplementary application. %he provisions of this hapter shall also apply to conjugal partnerships of gains already established between spouses before the effectivity of this ode, without prejudice to vested rights already acuired in accordance with the ivil ode or other laws, as provided in "rticle 2>. Pres*m7tion is t6at all 7ro7erty a'*ired d*rin+ marria+e e&en i in t6e name o one s7o*se is 'onG*+al *nless ot6erise 7ro&ided.
7ro7erties % !6ose a'*ired 1y t6eir eorts or '6an'e % In'ome and r*its 1y +rat*ito*s title (di rom ACP) % Ann*ity$ retirement on an ann*ity (re'ei&ed as a matter o ri+6t) %Pension$ ser&i'e 7re&io*sly rendered or 6i'6 *ll and ade*ate 'om7ensation as not re'ei&ed at t6e time. Article 44: . A'*ired 1y onero*s title *sin+ 'ommon *nds. 2. O1tained 1y la1or or ind*stry or or ,. Fr*its- nat*ralind*strial- or 'i&il d*e re'ei&ed d*rin+ marria+e rom 'ommon 7ro7 % ,et ,et r*its r*its o e?'l*si&e 7ro7erty >! 7ersonal dama+es are not 'onG*+al. . S6are in 6idden treas*re /. Fis6in+ and 6*ntin+ E. ?'ess li&esto' (t6ose 1ro*+6t in to t6e marria+e 1y one ill reim1*rsed 5. A'*ired 1y '6an'e
2. A'*ired 1y +rat*ito*s title % y ay o s*''ession % "onorari*m (+i&en in a77re'iation or ser&i'es rendered) ,. A'*ired 1y ri+6t o redem7tion- 1artere?'6an+e % &en i money *sed to redeem is 'onG*+al (reim1*rsement) . o*+6t it6 e?'l*si&e money o eit6er s7o*se. @Onero*s donations @Desi+nated s6are in donation @rat*ity (amo*nt +i&en 1y Go1s or 7re&io*s or) Art. 11,: 11,: %he %he spouses retain the ownership, possession, administration and enjoyment of their exclusive properties. +ither spouse may, during the marriage, transfer the administration of his or her exclusive property to the other by means of a public instrument, which which shall be recorded in the registry of property of the place the property is located .
Art. 1,) %he conjugal partnership shall be governed governed by the rules on the contract of partnership in all that that is not in conflict with what is expressly determined in this hapter or by the spouses in their marriage settlements. Pro6i1ition on ai&er. @Pro7erties 1ro*+6t into t6e marria+e 1y t6e 'ontra'tin+ 7arties 1elon+ to ea'6 o t6em e?'l*si&ely. % it6er s7o*se 'an transer admin o 7ro7 to ot6er s7o*se t6r* 7*1li' instr*ment. Art. 11) 11)
s7o*se it6 'onsent o ot6er. ,.DO it6o*t 'onsent o ot6er 1*t redo*ndin+. .e?7enses or 'onG*+al 7ro7 (ta?es- liens) /.ta?es and e?7enses or preservation o preservation o se7arate 7ro7erty (no need or *se) E.e?7enses or s7o*se or 7roession or sel%im7ro&ement. 5.Anten*7tial de1ts redo*ndin+ to amily. 4.donation o 1ot6 or '6ildren or 7roession or sel% im7ro&ement. 9.e?7enses o liti+ation 1eteen s7o*ses ,ot to be paid by cp#: Article 433: %Payment o 7ersonal de1ts 'ontra'ted 1y t6e 6*s1and or ie 1eore or d*rin+ t6e marria+e *nless t6ey redo*nded to t6e 1eneit o t6e amily. "oe&er- ines and indemnities im7osed s*77ort o ille+itimate '6ildren 'an 1e 7aid 1y t6e assets AF!R t6e 7ayment o o1li+ations 7ro&ided in Art. 2. *t at t6e time o li*idation t6e s7o*se 6o *sed s*'6 *nds ill 1e '6ar+ed. If char#es are paid; and no property or insufficient; CP% pays: %Fines- de1ts before t6e marria+e %S*77ort o ille+itimate
,. Ann*lled or de'lared &oid. .3*di'ial Se7aration Arti'le 25 and 24$ 24$ %Pro&isions on se7aration in a't and a1andonment 6as t6e same a77li'ation as in ACP arti'le 00 and 0. Procedure: Article 43: .In&entory o se7arate and 'onG*+al 7ro7 2.Payment o ad&an'es ,.Reim1*rsement to t6e s7o*ses. .DO 7aid o*t 1y CPins*i'ien'y solidarily lia1le. /.e?'l*si&e 7ro7 deli&ered E.loss or deterioration o mo&a1les 7aid rom CP 5.#et remainder to 1e di&ided (*nless MS or ai&er) 4.Deli&ery o 7res*m7ti&e le+itimes 9.ConG*+al dellin+ Arti'le ,0$ in 'ase o deat6 t6e li*idation 7ro'eedin+ ill 1e in t6e same 7ro'eedin+ as t6e settlement o t6e estate o t6e de'eased. (Same
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
e?'l*si&e 7ro7erty e&en i s7o*se is made 'o%oner in title ('onsidered a tr*st) Separate property plus conFu#al funds to buy a ne! property: ne 7ro7erty ill 1e 'onsidered 'onG*+al. Property bou#ht on installment partly from exclusive and partly from conFu#al: 6en title as &ested ill +o&ern- t6en reim1*rse (Art. 9) Principal payments and interest paid to a spouse durin# marria#e: 7rin'i7al amt is e?'l*si&e 6ile interest is 'onG*+al.
CP%
Art. 11,: 11,: %he spouses retain the ownership, possession, administration administration and enjoyment of their exclusive properties.
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CP%
+ither spouse may, during the marriage, transfer the administration of his or her exclusive property to the other by means of a public instrument, which shall be recorded in the registry of property of the place the property is located. Art@ 444 " spouse of age may mortgage, encumber, alienate or otherwise dispose of his or her exclusive property, without the consent of the other spouse, spouse,
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@S*1Ge't to reim1*rsement (ACP no need to 7ay o*t all '6ar+es irst) Article 43 4@I 4@ I im7ro&ement made 1y '7 is more t6an &al*e o t6e 7ro7ertyentire 7ro7erty ill 1e 'onG*+al Breim1*rse s7o*se. 3@ I amo*nt is not more t6an it ill still 1e se7arate 7ro7erty s*1Ge't to reim1*rsement to CP. (Oners6i7 ill &est *7on reim1*rsement)
Art@ 439$ 439$ =hatever may be lost during the marriage in any game of chance or in betting, sweepsta0es, or any other 0ind of gambling whether permitted or prohibited by law, shall be borne by the loser and shall not be charged to the conjugal partnership but any winnings winnings therefrom shall form part of the conjugal partnership property. a'6 s7o*se is to retain oners6i7- administration7ossession and enGoyment o t6eir e?'l*si&e 7ro7erties. Administration in'l*des enterin+ into 'ontra'tsen+a+in+ in liti+ation- and 'olle'tion o r*its- 7roits and in'ome arisin+ rom se7arate 7ro7erty. !6e oner s7o*se 'an transer administration o t6e 7ro7erty not only to t6e ot6er s7o*se 1*t also to any t6ird 7erson it6o*t t6e 'onsent o t6e ot6er s7o*se. Art. is no lon+er ne'essary- as t6e t6e a+e o marria+e is also t6e a+e o eman'i7ation. I t6e oner%s7o*se alienates 6is 7ro7erty t6e
a77li'ation as in ACP arti'le 0,) Art@ 499: (rom the common mass of property support shall be given to the surviving spouse and to the children during the liuidation of the inventoried property and until what belongs to them is delivered@ but from this shall be deducted that amount received for support which exceeds the fruits or rents pertaining to them.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
and appear alone in court to litigate with regard to the same. -
CP%
CP%
Art@ 443: %he alienation of any exclusive property of a spouse administered by the other automatically terminates the administration over such property and the proceeds of the alienation shall be turned over to the owner8spouse. Art. 11!: 11!:
administration 1y t6e ot6er s7o*se o&er s*'6 7ro7erty ill 'ease and t6e 7ro'eeds ill +o to t6e oner. !6e oner%s7o*se 'annot re&oe a G*di'ially a77ro&ed administration 1y t6e ot6er s7o*se o 6is 7ro7erty 1y alienatin+ it. !6*s to alienate t6e 7ro7erty 6e m*st +et t6e 'onsent o t6e administrator%s7o*se or 'o*rt a77ro&al.
!6e donor may donate 6ate&er 6e is6es to 6ome&er 6e ants. !6*s 6e may donate a 7ie'e o 7ro7erty to 1ot6 s7o*ses Gointly or may s7e'iy 6o m*'6 o t6e 7ro7erty s6o*ld +o to t6e 6*s1and and 6o m*'6 s6o*ld +o to t6e ie. ACCR!IO#$ addition o 7ro7erty to to anot6er 7ro7erty eneral r*le$ in a Goint donation one 'annot a''e7t Art. 11$ 11$ If the donations are onerous, the amount of inde7endently o 6is 'o%donee *nless it is sti7*lated or *nless it the charges shall be borne by the exclusive property is 1eteen 6*s1and and ie. of the donee spouse, whenever they have been ?. D donates land to " and 6o are married. D donates , advanced by the conjugal partnership of gains. to and 2, to ". I does not a''e7t t6e donation it ill 1e 'onsidered added on to t6e s6are o t6e 6*s1and. "oe&er i it Art. 115: 115: )etirement )etirement benefits, pensions, annuities, is a s7e'ii' desi+nation s*'6 as " ill +et a 'ar and ill +et gratuities, usufructs and similar benefits shall be a 6orse- a''retion ill not a77ly. governed by the rules on gratuitous or onerous % In t6e 'ase o ills or a''retion to tae ee't- t6e nat*re o acuisitions as may be proper in each case. t6e in6eritan'e m*st 1e pro 1e pro indivisio (not di&ided- t6e terms Q or in e*al s6ares does not mae it di&ided). Art. 12$: %he administration and enjoyment of the Any alienation made made 1y eit6er s7o*se it6o*t it6o*t t6e conjugal partnership shall belong to both spouses 'onsent o t6e ot6er is in&alid. jointly. In case of disagreement, disagreement, the husbandBs In 'ase t6e 6*s1and dis7oses o 7ro7erty o&er t6e decision shall prevail, subject to recourse to the court o1Ge'tion o t6e ie- t6e ie may ile a 'ase to ann*l by the wife for proper remedy, which must be availed t6e entire 'ontra't or 7art o it. of within five years from the date of the contract implementing such decision. In the event that one spouse is incapacitated or otherwise unable to participate in the administration of the conjugal properties, the other spouse may assume sole powers of administration. %hese powers do not include disposition or encumbrance without authority of the court or the written consent of the other spouse. In the absence of such authority or -
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
consent, the disposition or encumbrance shall be void. ?owever, the transaction shall be construed as a continuing offer on the part of the consenting spouse and the third person, and may be perfected as a binding contract upon the acceptance by the other spouse or authori/ation by the court before the offer is withdrawn by either or both offerors. >4=4=
Separation of property Art. 1!$: In 1!$: In the absence of an express declaration in the marriage settlements, the separation of property between spouses during the marriage shall not ta0e place except by judicial order. :uch judicial separation of property may either be voluntary or for sufficient cause. (Can 1e sti7*lated in MS 6i'6 s6all +o&ern and FC ill only 1e s*77lementary in nat*re- in t6e a1sen'e t6erein it
Art. 125 : -either spouse may donate any conjugal partnership property without without the consent of the other. ?owever, either spouse may, without the consent of the other, ma0e moderate donations from the conjugal partnership property for charity or on occasions of family rejoicing or family distress. . !6ey on e&eryt6in+ se7arately 1*t still lia1le or amily e?7enses in 7ro7ortion to t6eir in'ome or in dea*lt t6ereo in 7ro7ortion to se7arate 7ro7. *t lia1ility to t6eir 'reditor is still solidary. Article 49<: Sufficient cause for Fudicial separation of property: . Ci Ci&i &ill inte interd rdi' i'ti tion on 2. A1 A1se sent ntee ee s7 s7o* o*se se %2 years rom last nes a1o*t a1sentee- or / years i an administrator 6as 1een let. ,. Loss o 7arent 7arental al a*t6ori a*t6ority ty de'reed de'reed 1y 'o*rt 'o*rt (termination or de7ri&ation not mere s*s7ension) %O&er le+itimate or ille+itimate '6ild 6et6er o 7re&io*s or 7resent marria+e . A1an A1andonme donment nt or ail*r ail*re e to 'om7ly 'om7ly it6 6is or or 6er o1li+ations /. A1* A1*sed sed 7oe 7oerr o admin administ istrat ration ion E. Se7 Se7ara aratio tion n in a't a't or or at least least yr yr Art. 1!(: 'nce 1!(: 'nce the separation of property has been decreed, the absolute community or the conjugal partnership of gains shall shall be liuidated in conformity with this ode.
Article 49=: Vol*ntary 49=: Vol*ntary Se7aration %S7o*ses may a+ree on t6e se7aration o t6eir 7ro7erties it6 'o*rt a77ro&al- no reason needed. (*t i reason is stated and it is a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y t6e 'o*rt ill reGe't it) %Di&ision o 7ro7erty m*st 1e e*al *nless t6ere is a dierent 7ro7ortion a+reed in MS or ai&er. %!aes %!a es ee't ater G*di'ial order o de'ree (not si+nin+ o a+reement) %Creditors ill 1e listed in 7etition and notiied) %In 7ro'ess- deli&ery o 7res*m7ti&e le+itimes is not ne'essary.
&evival: Article 44: .termination o 'i&il interdi'tion 2.A1sentee rea77ears ,.'o*rt satisied t6at administration ill not 1e a+ain a1*sed .Res*m7tion o 'ommon lie it6 ot6er s7o*se @Art@ 43: Admin 43: Admin o e?'l*si&e 7ro7 o eit6er s7o*se may 1e /.7arental a*t6ority transerred 1y 'o*rt to ot6er s7o*se or i not *aliied to anot6er restored 7erson 6en$ E.re'on'iliation o t6ose .s7o*se 1e'omes t6e +*ardian se7arated in a't 2.t6e ot6er is G*di'ially de'lared an a1sentee 5.For t6ose 6o ,.'i&il interdi'tion &ol*ntarily se7arated .*+iti&e rom G*sti'e- 6idin+ as an a''*sed 7ro7erty- a+ree to re&i&e Art 49: I t6e 'o*7le ants a re+ime o se7aration o 7ro7erty ormer 7ro7erty re+ime t6ey 6a&e to enter into a &alid marria+e settlement 7rior to t6e (1*t ater t6at 'anJt marria+e sti7*latin+ s*'6 re+ime. se7arate 7ro7erty anymore) Art@ 4<: Administration 4<: Administration is is let it6 ea'6 s7o*se s7o*se it6 re+ard to . Art@ = revival: 6is6er on 7ro7erty it6o*t t6e need or t6e 'onsent o t6e A+reement *nder oat6 oat6 ot6er. arnin+s o ea'6 s6all also 1elon+ to ea'6 s7o*se. ill state$
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
'annot tae 7la'e d*rin+ t6e marria+e e?'e7t 1y G*di'ial order) %May reer to 7resent or *t*re 7ro7erty or 1ot6 %May 1e 7artial or total %!6ose not a+reed as se7arate ill 1e ACP *arria#e !ithout unions >#overns void marria#es?
$uring the pendency of the proceedings for separation of property, the absolute community or the conjugal partnership shall pay for the support of the spouses and their children. Art. 1!): "fter dissolution of the absolute community or of the conjugal partnership, the provisions on complete separation of property shall apply. Art. 1$$ :eparation of property may refer to present or future property or both. It may be total or partial. In the latter case, the property not agreed upon as separate shall pertain to the absolute community. Art@ 4: =hen a man and a woman who are capacitated to marry each other, live exclusively with each other as husband and wife without the benefit of marriage or under a void marriage, their wages and salaries shall be owned by them in eual shares and the property acuired by both of them through their wor0 or industry shall be governed by the rules on co8ownership. In the absence of proof to the contrary, properties acuired while they lived together shall be presumed to have been obtained by their joint efforts, wor0 or industry, and shall be owned by them in eual shares. (or purposes of this "rticle, a party who did not participate in the acuisition by the other party of any property shall be deemed to have contributed jointly in the acuisition thereof if the formerBs efforts consisted in the care and maintenance of the family and of the household. -either party can encumber or dispose by acts inter vivos of his or her share in the property acuired during cohabitation and owned in common, without the consent of the other, until after the termination of their cohabitation. =hen only one of the parties to a void marriage is in good faith, the share of the party in bad faith in the
Art@ 4=$ ot6 s7o*ses s6all 1ear t6e amily e?7enses in 7ro7ortion to t6eir in'ome or t6eir se7arate 7ro7erty. Lia1ility o s7o*ses to 'reditors to amily e?7enses are solidary (t6ey are 1ot6 lia1le to t6e 'reditor or t6e 6ole amo*nt i t6e 'reditor sees it rom one o t6em. S*'6 s7o*se is entitled to reim1*rsement rom t6e ot6er s7o*se). @ &en i t6ere is an a+reement on 7ro7ortion o s6arin+ et'- it ont ae't t6e 'reditors.
&e$uisites: .Ca7a'itated to marry ea'6 ot6er %#ot 'a7a'itated$ in'est*o*s- a+ainst 7*1li' 7oli'y- *nder 41i+amo*s marria+e 2.li&e e?'l*si&ely it6 ea'6 ot6er as 6*s1and and ie ,.it6o*t 1eneit o marria+e or *nder a &oid marria+e. @In'l*des marria+es o 7sy'6olo+i'al in'a7a'ity- rea77earan'e o ie- non%li*idation o 7ro7erty- a1sen'e o ormal re*isites. Structure: . Salaries and a+es s6all 1e oned 1y e*al s6ares 2. Pro7erty a'*ired it6 e?'l*si&e *nds is oned 1y t6em e?'l*si&ely ,. Pro7erty a'*ired t6ro*+6 or or ind*stry +o&erned 1y 'o%oners6i7 . Pro7erty a'*ired 6ile t6ey li&e to+et6er ill 1e oned 1y t6em in e*al s6ares. (Contri1*tion 'an 1e in t6e orm o 'are and maintenan'e o amily6o*se6old) /. Fr*its o se7arate 7ro7erty not 7art o 'o%oners6i7 E. ConG*+al 6ome ill 1e oned e*ally. %CanJt en'*m1er or dis7ose o 6is6er s6are it6o*t 'onsent o t6e ot6er or ater ' o6a1itation. %Can alienate in a&or o t6e ot6er 6is or 6er s6are >! 'anJt ai&e any interest in 'o%oners6i7 %5oid marria#e: net share of bad faith is forfeited to: . Common '6ildren 2. ai&er o 'ommon '6ildren- des'endants ,. A1sen'e o des'endants- inno'ent 7arty
.7ro7erties to 1e 'ontri1*ted 2.t6ose to 1e retained as se7arate ,.names o non 'reditors
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
co8ownership shall be forfeited in favor of their Void marria+es in'l*ded$ common children. In case of default of or waiver by Art. ,E$ 7sy'6olo+i'al in'a7a'ity any or all of the common children or their Art. $ 1ad ait6 o 1ot6 s7o*ses in a s*1se*ent descendants, each vacant share shall belong to the marria+e respective surviving descendants. In the absence of Art. /,$ non%li*idation- dissol*tion- distri1*tion o 7ro7. descendants, such share shall belong to the innocent !6ose 6ere t6ere is a1sen'e o 'onsent- a*t6ority o party. In all cases, the forfeiture shall ta0e place upon solemni:er- li'ense- marria+e 'eremony. termination of the cohabitation. *arria#e !ithout Art@ 48: In cases of cohabitation not falling under &e$uisites: unions >#overns the preceding "rticle, only the properties acuired by % Co6a1itation not allin+ *nder arti'le 5. void marria#es? both of the parties through their actual joint Structure: contribution of money, property, or industry shall be % Parties are 'o%oners o 7ro7erty a'*ired d*rin+ owned by them in common in proportion to their 'o6a1itation only *7on 7roo t6at ea'6 o t6em made respective contributions. In the absence of proof to an a't*al 'ontri1*tion. the contrary, their contributions and corresponding . Salaries and a+es are se7arately onedK i eit6er is shares are presumed to be eual. %he same rule and married t6e salaries +o to t6at marria+e. presumption shall apply to joint deposits of money 2. Pro7erty a'*ired 1y t6e money o one- 1elon+s to and evidences of credit. t6at 7erson e?'l*si&ely If one of the parties is validly married to another, his ,. Only 7ro7erties a'*ired 1y 1ot6 o t6em t6ro*+6 Goint or her share in the co8ownership shall accrue to the 'ontri1*tion ill 1e oned 1y t6em in 'ommon in absolute community or conjugal partnership existing 7ro7ortion to 6at t6ey +a&e (money- 7ro7erty- or in such valid marriage. If the party who acted in bad ind*stry B 1*t 'ant 1e mere 'are and maintenan'e o faith is not validly married to another, his or her shall amily6o*se6old). (Pres*m7tion is t6at s6ares o&er be forfeited in the manner provided in the last 7ro7erty oned is e*al s6ares 1*t 'an 1e r e1*tted paragraph of the preceding "rticle. t6ro*+6 7roo s6oin+ ot6erise.) %he foregoing rules on forfeiture shall li0ewise apply . I one o t6e 7arties is &alidly married- t6at 7ersonJs even if both parties are in bad faith s6are in t6e 'o%oners6i7 ill a''r*e to t6e marria+e. ad ait6$ net share of bad faith is forfeited to: . Common '6ildren 2. ai&er o 'ommon '6ildren- des'endants ,. A1sen'e o des'endants- inno'ent 7arty % I 1ot6 are in 1ad ait6 t6ey s6all 1e 'onsidered as in +ood ait6 and t6eir s6ares s6all +o to t6em. Exception to insolvency: i redo*nded to t6e 1eneit o t6e amily t6en t6e 7ro7erty 'an 1e assi+ned or 7ayment o insol&en'y % Administration is Goint 1y 1ot6 s7o*ses- 6*s1ands de'ision ill 7re&ail s*1Ge't to re'o*rse 1y t6e ie it6in / years rom t6e 'ontra't im7lementin+ t6e de'ision. Contra't ill 1e a 'ontin*in+ oer *7on a''e7tan'e 1y ot6er s7o*se or 'o*rt order. '(E )A*I+ AS A, I,S'I'1'IO, Art. 1$+: %he family, being the foundation of the nation, is a
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Paramo*nt im7ortan'e is +i&en to t6e amily as 7ro&ided
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
basic social institution which public policy cherishes and protects. onseuently, family relations are governed by law and no custom, practice or agreement destructive of the family shall be recogni/ed or given effect. Art. 15,: (amily relations include those 1. Aetween husband and wife@ 2. Aetween parents and children@ 3. "mong brothers and sisters, whether of the full or half8blood. Art. 151 -o suit between members of the same family shall prosper unless it should appear from the verified complaint or petition that earnest efforts toward a compromise have been made, but that the same have failed. If it is shown that no such efforts were in fact made, the same case must be dismissed. %his rules shall not apply to cases which may not be the subject of compromise under the ivil ode
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in t6e 945 'onstit*tion. Family relations are +o&erned 1y la and no '*stom or 7ra'ti'e destr*'ti&e o t6e amily ill 1e re'o+ni:ed.
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Any 7erson not in'l*ded in t6e en*meration 'annot 1e 'onsidered as it6in t6e term <amily relations.= % eore a s*it 'an 1e iled 1y 7eo7le 1elon+in+ to t6e same amily as 7ro&ided in Art. /0- earnest eorts m*st 1e made to settle t6e 'ase ami'a1ly. @arnest eorts meant or 'i&il a'tions only. !6e olloin+ are e?'*sed rom 'riminal lia1ility (only 'i&il lia1ility in'*rred) or t6et- sindlin+ or mali'io*s mis'6ie$ . S7o*ses- as'endants- and des'endents or relati&es 1y ainity in t6e same line. 2. !6e idoed s7o*se it6 res7e't to t6e 7ro7erty o t6e de'eased FOR someone else 7ossesses it. ,. rot6ers and sisters and 1rot6ers%in%la and sisters%in% la i t6ey are li&in+ to+et6er. ?em7tion is not a77li'a1le to stran+ers 7arti'i7atin+ t6erein. Pres'ri7tion does not r*n 1eteen 6*s1and and ie- 7arents and '6ildren d*rin+ t6e latterJs minority or insanity- and 1eteen +*ardian and ard d*rin+ t6e +*ardians6i7.
?'e7tion to earnest eorts$ % arnest eort is not re*ired i in'l*ded in t6e s*it 1eteen amily mem1ers is a stran+er not o t6e same amily. % Does not a77ly to 'ases6i'6 may not 1e 'om7romised. % Does not a77ly to settlement o estate +*ardians6i7- '*stody o '6ildren- and 6a1eas 'or7*s
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'(E )A*I+ (O*E Art. 152: %he family home, constituted jointly by the husband and the wife or by an unmarried head of a family, is the dwelling house where they and their family reside, and the land on which it is situated.
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% Art. 15! %he family home is deemed constituted on a house and lot from the time it is occupied as a family residence. (rom the time of its constitution and so long as any of its beneficiaries actually resides therein, the family home continues to be such and is exempt from execution, forced sale or attachment except as hereinafter provided and to the extent of the value allowed by law. Art. 15$: %he beneficiaries of a family home are 1. %he husband and wife, or an unmarried person who is the
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"ome is deemed 'onstit*ted rom t6e time it is a't*ally resided *7on and o''*7ied 1y t6e amily. #o need or G*di'ial or e?traG*di'ial re*irement- deemed 'onstit*ted 1y o7eration o la. !6ere m*st 1e t6e element o 7ermanen'e (t6*s a 1oat on ater 'annot 1e 'onsidered a amily 6ome) M*st 1e 'onstit*ted 1y 1ot6 6*s1and and ie Gointly- t6e *nmarried 6ead o t6e amily- or t6e o''*7an'y o 1enei'iaries in a 6ome 'an 1e 'onstit*ted as a amily 6ome. !6e amily 6ome is e?em7t rom e?e'*tion- or'ed sale or atta'6ment as 7ro&ided 1y la !6e a't*al o''*7an'y o t6e 1enei'iaries in a 6ome may 'onstit*te t6e same as a amily 6ome as lon+ as t6ey
@ ?em7tion rom e?e'*tion is not a1sol*te as it is s*1Ge't to 'ertain limitation s*'6 as inde1tedness in 'ertain instan'es (to 1e dis'*ssed in t6e ne?t arti'les)
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
head of a family@ and 2. %heir parents, ascendants, descendants, brothers and sisters, whether the relationship be legitimate or illegitimate, who are living in the family home and who depend upon the head of the family for legal support Art. 155: %he family home shall be exempt from execution, forced sale or attachment except 1. (or nonpayment of taxes@ 2. (or debts incurred prior to the constitution of the family home@ 3. (or debts secured by mortgages on the premises before or after such constitution@ and 4. (or debts due to laborers, mechanics, architects, builders, material men and others who have rendered service or furnished material for the construction of the building. Art. 15%: %he family home must be part of the properties of the absolute community or the conjugal partnership, or of the exclusive properties of either spouse with the latterBs consent. It may also be constituted by an unmarried head of a family on his or her own property. -evertheless, property that is the subject of a conditional sale on installments where ownership is reserved by the vendor only to guarantee payment of the purchase price may be constituted as a family home. Art. 15(: %he actual value of the family home shall not exceed, at the time of its constitution, the amount of the three hundred thousand pesos in urban areas, and two hundred thousand pesos in rural areas, or such amounts as may hereafter be fixed by law. In any event, if the value of the currency changes after the adoption of this ode, the value most favorable for the constitution of a family home shall be the basis of evaluation. (or purposes of this "rticle, urban areas are deemed to include chartered cities and municipalities whose annual income at least euals that legally reuired for chartered cities. "ll others are deemed to be rural areas. Art. 15): %he family home may be sold, alienated, donated,
6a&e t6e 'onsent o t6e 6*s1and or ie 6o on t6e 6o*se and lot e&en i t6e oners do not reside in t6em.
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!6e 6ole &al*e o t6e amily 6ome may 1e *sed to 7ay o1li+ations *nder Art. //.
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!6e amily 6ome m*st 1e 'onstit*ted at a 7la'e 6ere t6ere is a i?ed and 7ermanent 'onne'tion it6 t6e 7ersons 'onstit*tin+ it. #ot 'onsidered$ . oat or &essel 2. A7artment or 6o*se 1ein+ rented ,. "o*se on anot6erJs 7ro7erty Considered$ Pro7erty 6ere oners6i7 is reser&ed to t6e one main+ t6e amily 6ome. % !6ose a1o&e t6e amo*nt sti7*lated (,00-000 in *r1an200-000 in r*ral) ill not 1e e?em7t rom e?e'*tionor'ed sale or atta'6ment. % Prior to t6e amily 'ode 'onstit*tion o a amily 6ome as not a*tomati' t6ere as a need to ile or s*'6. I 7rior to t6e amily 'ode t6ere are 'ertain 6o*ses allin+ *nder t6e &al*e o a amily 6ome at t6e time o t6e 'onstit*tion o t6e amily 'ode (A*+. ,- 944) 7ro&ided or t6e amily 6ome is deemed a*tomati'ally 'onstit*ted.
ritten 'onsent needed or t6e dis7osition o t6e amily 6ome$
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
assigned or encumbered by the owner or owners thereof with the written consent of the person constituting the same, the latterBs spouse, and a majority of the beneficiaries of legal age. In case of conflict, the court shall decide Art. 15+: %he family home shall continue despite the death of one or both spouses or of the unmarried head of the family for a period of ten years or for as long as there is a minor beneficiary, and the heirs cannot partition the same unless the court finds compelling reasons therefor. %his rule shall apply regardless of whoever owns the property or constituted the family home. Art. 1%,: =hen a creditor whose claims is not among those mentioned in "rticle 1 obtains a judgment in his favor, and he has reasonable grounds to believe that the family home is actually worth more than the maximum amount fixed in "rticle 15, he may apply to the court which rendered the judgment for an order directing the sale of the property under execution. %he court shall so order if it finds that the actual value of the family home exceeds the maximum amount allowed by law as of the time of its constitution. If the increased actual value exceeds the maximum allowed in "rticle 15 and results from subseuent voluntary improvements introduced by the person or persons constituting the family home, by the owner or owners of the property, or by any of the beneficiaries, the same rule and procedure shall apply.
. 2. ,.
Persons 'onstit*tin+ t6e amily 6ome LatterJs s7o*se MaGority o 1enei'iaries o le+al a+e
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Se'*rity o t6e amily is t6e 'on'ern o t6e la t6*s t6ey 7ro&ide or a 0 year 7eriod des7ite t6e deat6 o t6e 7erson 6o 'onstit*ted t6e amily 6ome. F*rt6ermore t6e 6eirs 'annot 7artition t6e same *nless t6e 'o*rt inds 'om7ellin+ reasons t6ereore.
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idders 'annot 1id 1elo t6e amo*nt o ,00-000 I t6e 6o*se is sold- ,00-000 is +i&en to t6e oner o t6e 6o*se and t6e 1alan'e to t6e 'reditor to satisy 6is de1t. !6is 6a77ens e&en i t6e de1t is not *lly satisied. (Idea is to +i&e ,00-000 so t6at t6e de1tor 'an 1*y a 6o*se) !6is 6oe&er does not a77ly 6en i t6e 'reditor is one o t6ose mentioned in Arti'le // (t6e de1t m*st 1e satisied e&en i not6in+ is let it6 t6e oner).
"t the execution sale, no bid below the value allowed for a family home shall be considered. %he proceeds shall be applied first to the amount mentioned in "rticle 15, and then to the liabilities under the judgment and the costs. %he excess, if any, shall be delivered to the judgment debtor. Art. 1%1: (or purposes of availing of the benefits of a family home as provided for in this hapter, a person may constitute, or be the beneficiary of, only one family home. Art. 1%2 %he provisions in this hapter shall also govern existing family residences insofar as said provisions are applicable. PA'E&,I'+ A,D )IIA'IO, Art@ 4=9$ %he filiation of children may be by nature or by adoption. -atural filiation may be legitimate or illegitimate.
% Paternity and iliation reer to t6e relations6i7 or tie- 6i'6 e?ists 1eteen 7arents and t6eir '6ildren.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 1%$: hildren conceived or born during the marriage % Ille+itimate '6ildren are t6ose 'on'ei&ed and 1orn of the parents are legitimate. o*tside a &alid marria+e or inside a &oid marria+e. hildren conceived as a result of artificial insemination of AR!IFICIAL I#SMI#A!IO#$ ie is artii'ially im7re+nated it6 the wife with the sperm of the husband or that of a donor t6e semen o 6er 6*s1and or it6 t6e semen o a t6ird 7erson. or both are li0ewise legitimate children of the husband % C6ild o artii'ial insemination is 'onsidered le+itimate and his wife, provided, that both of them authori/ed or 7ro&ided t6at 1ot6 t6e 6*s1and and ie a*t6ori:e or ratified such insemination in a written instrument executed ratiy s*'6 insemination in a ritten instr*ment and and signed by them before the birth of the child. %he si+ned 1y t6em 1eore t6e 1irt6 o t6e '6ild and t6at it is instrument shall be recorded in the civil registry together re'orded in t6e 'i&il re+istry to+et6er it6 t6e 1irt6 with the birth certificate of the child. 'ertii'ate o t6e '6ild. % I t6e re*irements +i&en are not olloed and t6e Art. 1%5 hildren conceived and born outside a valid 6*s1and does not im7*+n t6e le+itima'y o t6e '6ild on marriage are illegitimate, unless otherwise provided in this +ro*nds 7ro&ided 1y la it6in t6e 7res'ri7ti&e 7eriod ode. t6e '6ild ill still 1e 'onsidered le+itimate. Art@ 4==: #egitimacy of a child may be impugned only on %rounds to impu#n le#itimacy of the child: the following grounds P6ysi'ally im7ossi1le or 6*s1and to 6a&e se?*al 1. 1. %hat it was physically impossible for the husband to inter'o*rse it6 ie it6in t6e irst 20 days o t6e ,00 have sexual intercourse with his wife within the first 129 days immediately 7re'edin+ t6e 1irt6 o '6ild d*e to$ days of the 399 days which immediately preceded the a. P6ysi'al in'a7a'ity birth of the child because of 1. Li&in+ se7arately$ m*st 1e li&in+ in s*'6 a ay a the physical incapacity of the husband to t6at se?*al inter'o*rse is im7ossi1le. (Mere have sexual intercourse with his wife@ remoteness is not s*i'ient) b the fact that the husband and wife were '. Serio*s illness living separately in such a way that % 6en a '6ild is 1orn inside a marria+e- se?*al inter'o*rse is sexual intercourse was not possible@ or 7res*med to 6a&e o''*rred 1eteen t6e 6*s1and and ie it6in c serious illness of the husband, which t6e irst 20 days o t6e ,00%day 7eriod 1eore t6e 1irt6 o t6e absolutely prevented sexual intercourse@ 2.%hat '6ild. (Lon+est +estation 7eriod) it is proved that for biological or other scientific reasons, iolo+i'al or s'ientii' reasons t6e '6ild 'o*ld not 6a&e 2. the child could not have been that of the husband, except 1een t6at o t6e 6*s1and (e?'e7t or artii'ial in the instance provided in the second paragraph of "rticle insemination);i or 1iolo+i'al reasons os7rin+ 'o*ld 1>4@ or not 6a&e 1een t6at o t6e 6*s1and lie i t6e '6ild as a 3. %hat in case of children conceived through artificial dierent ra'e rom t6e at6erJs. insemination, the written authori/ation or ratification of % Vase'tomy is not eno*+6 7roo 1e'a*se t6ere are times 6en either parent was obtained through mista0e, fraud, t6e s7erm 'an re%'6annel itsel and ee't ertili:ation. violence, intimidation, or undue influence. In 'ase o artii'ial insemination t6e a*t6ori:ation or 3. ratii'ation as o1tained t6ro*+6 mistae- ra*d- &iolen'e or intimidation or *nd*e inl*en'e. @ In t6e e&ent t6at any o t6e +ro*nds are 7ro&en- t6e '6ild ill not 1e 'onsidered le+itimate or ille+itimate 1*t t6at sim7ly t6e
Art. 1%(: %he child shall be considered legitimate although the mother may have declared against its legitimacy or may have been sentenced as an adulteress. @&en i ie im7*+ns le+itima'y'6ild is still le+itimate- only 6*s1and and in 7ro7er 'ases t6e 6eirs 'an im7*+n t6e le+itima'y. 1nless: s6e did not deli&er t6e '6ild 6ersel- or did not 'ome rom 6er on om1.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
6*s1and and '6ild are not related. In so ar as t6e mot6er is 'on'erned t6e '6ild ill 1e 'onsidered ille+itimate. % Pres*m7tion is in a&or o le+itima'y. Art. 1%): If the marriage is terminated and the mother contracted another marriage within three hundred days after such termination of the former marriage, these rules shall govern in the absence of proof to the contrary 1. " child born before one hundred eighty days after the solemni/ation of the subseuent marriage is considered to have been conceived during the former marriage, provided it be born within three hundred days after the termination of the former marriage@ 2. " child born after one hundred eighty days following the celebration of the subseuent marriage is considered to have been conceived during such marriage, even though it be born within the three hundred days after the termination of the former marriage. Art. 1%+: %he legitimacy or illegitimacy of a child born after three hundred days following the termination of the marriage shall be proved by whoever alleges such legitimacy or illegitimacy. Art. 1(,: %he action to impugn the legitimacy of the child shall be brought within one year from the 0nowledge of the birth or its recording in the civil register, if the husband or, in a proper case, any of his heirs, should reside in the city or municipality where the birth too0 place or was recorded. If the husband or, in his default, all of his heirs do not reside at the place of birth as defined in the first paragraph or where it was recorded, the period shall be two years if they should reside in the
Merely s*77letory- i t6ere is 1etter 7roo t6en s*'6 s6o*ld 1e a''e7ted. % Se?*al inter'o*rse is 7res*med 1eteen s7o*ses d*rin+ t6eir marria+e. I# CAS OF 2 MARRIAS$ % I '6ild is 1orn it6in 40 days ater t6e se'ond marria+e and it6in ,00 days ater t6e termination o t6e irst marria+e t6e '6ild s6all 1e 'onsidered to 6a&e 1een 'on'ei&ed o t6e irst marria+e *nless ot6er 7roo is +i&en. % I t6e '6ild is 1orn ater 40 days ater t6e se'ond marria+e t6e '6ild s6all 1e 'onsidered to 6a&e 1een 'on'ei&ed o t6e se'ond marria+e *nless ot6er 7roo is +i&en. @*t eit6er ay t6e '6ild is still le+itimate. . I t6ere is no s*1se*ent marria+e ater ,00 days ater t6e termination o t6e marria+e t6ere is no 7res*m7tion and t6*s 'on&in'in+ 7roo is ne'essary. Prescription for impu#nin# the le#itimacy of the child . it6in one year rom t6e noled+e o t6e 1irt6 or its re'ordin+ i 6*s1and resides in 'ity 6ere 1irt6 too 7la'e or re'orded. 2. it6in 2 years- i t6e 6*s1and li&es else6ere in t6e P6ili77ines. ,. it6in , years- i 6e li&es a1road . I t6e 1irt6 o t6e '6ild 6as 1een 'on'ealed- 7res'ri7tion ill 1e+in rom t6e dis'o&ery or noled+e o 1irt6 o '6ild or t6e a't o re+istration o t6e 1irt6 (6i'6e&er is earlier).
@It is rom t6e noled+e o t6e '6ildJs birth not t6e noled+e t6at it is not 6is '6ild. @&en i t6e 1irt6 as 'on'ealedi it as re+istered and t6e at6er did not im7*+n t6e '6ildJs le+itima'y d*rin+ t6e 7eriod 7ro&ided t6en t6e '6ild is le+itimate. (Cannot im7*+n sin'e re+istry is earlier)
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 1(1: %he heirs of the husband may impugn the filiation of the child within the period prescribed in the preceding article only in the following cases 1. If the husband should die before the expiration of the period fixed for bringing his action@ 2. If he should die after the filing of the complaint without having desisted therefrom@ or 3. If the child was born after the death of the husband. P&OO) O) )IIA'IO, Art. 1(2: %he filiation of legitimate children is established by any of the following 1. %he record of birth appearing in the civil register or a final judgment@ or 2. "n admission of legitimate filiation in a public document or a private handwritten instrument and signed by the parent concerned. In the absence of the foregoing evidence, the legitimate filiation shall be proved by 1. %he open and continuous possession of the status of a legitimate child@ or 2. "ny other means allowed by the )ules of ourt and special laws. Art. 1(!: %he action to claim legitimacy may be brought by the child during his or her lifetime and shall be transmitted to the heirs should the child die during minority or in a state of insanity. In these cases, the heirs shall have a period of five years within which to institute the action.
Article 4=: &i#hts of an ille#itimate child . ear t6e s*rname o t6e mot6er &en i 7aternity is 'ertain- mot6er s*rnames •
. Le+itima'y 'annot 1e 'ollaterally atta'ed or im7*+ned. Prin'i7ally only t6e 6*s1and 'an ile a dire't a'tion to im7*+n t6e le+itima'y o t6e '6ild e&en i t6e '6ild is not 6is. % !6e 6eirs are mere s*1stit*tes o t6e 6*s1and and 'annot ile t6e a'tion i t6e 6*s1and 6imsel ailed to ile s*'6 a'tion des7ite noled+e o t6e ille+itima'y it6in t6e 7res'ri1ed 7eriod.
. !6e re'ord o 1irt6 a77earin+ in t6e 'i&il re+istry s6o*ld 6a&e t6e 6*s1andJs si+nat*re and s*'6 1irt6 'ertii'ate si+ned 1y t6e 7arents is ade*ate 7roo o 7aternity it6o*t need or *rt6er 'o*rt a'tion. % Admission in 7*1li' or 7ri&ate 6andritten do'*ment is a 'om7lete a't o re'o+nition it6o*t need or 'o*rt a'tion A mere instr*ment not in t6e 6andritin+ o t6e 7arent or not a 7*1li' instr*ment ill not *aliy. % O7en 'ontin*o*s 7ossession means t6e at6er treats t6e '6ild as 6is on dire'tly and not t6ro*+6 ot6ers- s7ontaneo*sly and it6o*t 'on'ealment M*st 1e s7ontaneo*s and *ninterr*7ted
Proos rom r*les o 'o*rt or s7e'ial la$ . a7tismal 'ertii'ate 2. 3*di'ial admission ,. Family 1i1le . Common re7*tation /. Admission 1y silen'e E. !estimony o itness
Action to claim le#itimacy by the child May 1e 1ro*+6t 1y t6e '6ild d*rin+ 6is or 6er lietime and may 1e transmitted to 6eirs i t6e '6ild dies d*rin+ minority or in a state o insanity or ater it 6as already 1een instituted by the child and child dies@ "eirs 6a&e i&e years to instit*te a'tion
Article 4<: Ille#itimate child %Same as le+itimate '6ildren e?'e7t 6en 7roo is t6ro*+6 o7en and 'ontin*o*s relations6i7 or ot6er r*les o 'o*rt in 6i'6 'ase it may only 1e 1ro*+6t d*rin+ t6e lietime o t6e alle#ed 7arent. Exception: i t6e '6ild is 1orn in a &alid marria+e t6o*+6 dierent man- 6e 'annot 'laim ille+itima'y. !6e man in t6e marria+e m*st irst im7*+n t6e le+itima'y o t6e '6ild
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Article 1($: #egitimate children shall have the right 1. %o bear the surnames of the father and the mother, in conformity with the provisions of the ivil ode on :urnames@
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
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unless at6er admits t6at is 6is '6ild and li&es it6 t6em t6en s*rname o at6er 'an 1e *sed. e *nder t6e 7arental a*t6ority o t6e mot6erentitled to s*77ort rom 6er &en i 7aternity is 'ertain- i at6er is not li&in+ it6 t6em 6e 'annot 6a&e 7arental a*t6ority. I t6e at6er a'noled+es t6e '6ild and 'o6a1its- 6e ill 1e &ested it6 7arental a*t6ority. &en i 6e lea&es ater t6at it ill not 1e 'onsidered a ai&er o 6is 7arental a*t6ority *nless &iolated le+al +ro*nds 7ro&ided or termination o 7arental a*t6. (6e ill also 1e &i'ario*sly lia1le or dama+es 'a*sed 1y t6e '6ild) Le+itime ill 1e Q o t6e le+itime o a le+itimate '6ild Can +et s*77ort only *7 to t6e +rand7arentsand no ri+6t o re7resentation (i 7arent dies 'ant in6erit strai+6t rom +rand7arents) Ille+itimate '6ild 6as 6is or 6er lietime to ile an a'tion to 'laim ille+itima'y i 6es6e 6as 7roo *nder Art. 52 ('laim or 6is stat*s in not transmissi1le to 6is 6eirs)
2. %o receive support from their parents, their ascendants, and in proper cases, their brothers and sisters, in conformity with the provisions of this ode on :upport@ and 3. %o be entitled to the legitimate and other s uccessional rights granted to them by the ivil ode. % A le+itimate '6ild 6as 6is or 6er 6ole lietime to ile an a'tion to 'laim 6is or 6er le+itima'y.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art@ 4: 'nly children conceived and born outside of wedloc0 of parents who, at the time of the conception of the former, were not disualified by any impediment to marry each other may be legitimated. Art. 1() #egitimation shall ta0e place by a subseuent valid marriage between parents. %he annulment of a voidable marriage shall not affect the legitimation.
e#itimated Children >le#itimate by operation of la!? &e$uirements: . C6ildren 'on'ei&ed and 1orn o*tside edlo' 2. O 7arents 6o 6ad no le+al im7ediments to marry at t6at time t6e '6ild as conceived and ,. !6ey +et married later on. (!6e a't t6at it is a &oida1le marria+e ill not ae't t6e le+itimation- 1*t i it is a &oid marria+e t6en ille+itimate) IF t6e '6ild dies 1eore t6e 'ele1ration o t6e marria+e- it ill still 1eneit t6eir des'endants. Only 1y t6ose 6o are 7reG*di'ed in t6eir ri+6ts it6in / years rom t6e time t6eir 'a*se o a'tion a''r*es. (Reers 1asi'ally to in6eritan'e ri+6ts 1*t i t6e 'reditors are really 7reG*di'ed t6ey m*st s6o 6o le+itimation ae'ted s*'6 ;&ested ri+6ts 7rior to le+itimation t6en t6ose ri+6ts ill not 1e taen rom t6em) Ri+6t o a'tion a''r*es only *7on deat6 o 7arents 6en le+itimes ill &est Ado7ted '6ildren 'an 1e 7reG*di'ed it6 re+ards to ado7ter 7arents or e&en nat*ral 7arents. % In ee't +i&es t6e '6ildren 6at t6ey s6o*ld 6a&e enGoyed d*rin+ t6e lietime o t6eir at6er or mot6er. •
Art. 1(+: #egitimated children shall enjoy the same rights as legitimate children. 252a Art. 1),: %he effects of legitimation shall retroact to the time of the childBs birth.
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@S6all enGoy same ri+6ts as le+itimate '6ildren- s6all retroa't to t6eir 1irt6. @#o need or t6e a'noled+ment o t6e at6er *nlie t6e 'i&il 'ode. @Le+itimation ill not ae't 7ro7erty ri+6ts already &ested. @I t6ere is a le+al im7ediment at t6e time o 'on'e7tion t6e remedy is ado7tion. Exception: t6ose 1orn t6ro*+6 ad*ltero*s relations6i7 and 1i+amo*s marria+e 'annot 1e le+itimated.
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Art. 1)1: %he legitimation of children who died before the celebration of the marriage shall benefit their descendants. Art. 1)2 #egitimation may be impugned only by those who are prejudiced in their rights, within five years from the time their cause of action accrues.
S1PPO&' Art. 1+$: :upport comprises everything indispensable for sustenance, dwelling, clothing, medical attendance, education and transportation, in 0eeping with the financial capacity of the family.
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%he education of the person entitled to be supported referred to in the preceding paragraph shall include his schooling or training for some profession, trade or vocation, even beyond the age of majority.
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Contem7lates in6eritan'e or s*''essional ri+6ts'reditors ('ommer'ial or 7ro7erty ri+6ts) are e?'l*ded *nless it 'an 1e s6on t6at t6e le+itimation ae'ted t6eir ri+6ts and t6ey are really 7reG*di'ed.
&eryt6in+ indis7ensa1le or s*stenan'e- dellin+'lot6in+- medi'al attendan'e- ed*'ation- and trans7ortation (in ee7in+ it6 t6e inan'ial 'a7a'ity o t6e amily) S'6oolin+ or trainin+ s6all 1e a77li'a1le e&en 1eyond t6e a+e o maGority !rans7ortation in'l*des +oin+ to and rom s'6ool and 7la'e o or Can 1e +i&en e&en 1eyond t6e a+e o maGority
Art@ 3<: ri+6t to +i&e or o1tain s*77ort s6all not 1e le&ied *7on on atta'6ment or e?e'*tion. % Cannot 1e made to satisy any G*d+ment a+ainst t6e re'i7ient. Except: t6e e?'ess 1eyond re*ired or le+al s*77ort in a ill or 'ontra't*al s*77ort s6all 1e s*1Ge't to le&y or e?e'*tion. (Contra't*al
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
%ransportation shall include expenses in going to and from school, or to and from place of wor0. Art@ 4<: :ubject to the provisions of the succeeding articles, the following are obliged to support each other to the whole extent set forth in the preceding article 1. %he spouses@ 2. #egitimate ascendants and descendants@ 3.
Art. 1+%: Arothers and sisters not legitimately related, whether of the full or half8blood, are li0ewise bound to support each other to the full extent set forth in "rticle 1;4, except only when the need for support of the brother or sister, being of age, is due to a cause imputable to the claimantBs fault or negligence. Article 1+( : In case of legitimate ascendants@ descendants, whether legitimate or illegitimate@ and brothers and sisters, whether legitimately or illegitimately related, only the separate property of the person obliged to give support shall be answerable provided that in case the obligor has no separate property, the absolute community or the conjugal partnership, if financially capable, shall advance the support, which shall be deducted from the share of the spouse obliged upon the liuidation of the absolute community or of the conjugal partnership Art. 1+): $uring the proceedings for legal separation or for annulment of marriage, and for declaration of nullity of marriage, the spouses and their children shall be supported from the properties of the absolute
S*77ort is ne&er inal (no res G*di'ata) 'an 1e '6an+ed
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S7o*ses Le+itimate as'endant and des'endants Parents and t6eir le+itimate '6ildren and t6eir ille+itimatele+itimate +rand'6ildren . Parents and t6eir ille+itimate '6ildren and t6eir ille+itimatele+itimate +rand'6ildren /. Le+itimate 1rot6ers and sisters 6et6er 6ole or 6al 1lood E. rot6ers and sisters not le+itimately related are also o1li+ed to s*77ort unless i 6es6e is o a+e and is d*e to 'laimants a*lt or ne+li+en'e no s*77ort. % A '6ild inside a om1 is already 'onsidered 1orn t6*s entitled to all 1eneits t6at a''r*e to 6im6er 7ro&ided t6at t6e '6ild is 1orn ater. % !6ey are no lon+er 1o*nd 6en t6e '6ild is a1o&e t6e a+e o maGority or d*e to t6e ne+li+en'e.
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S*77ort or le+itimate as'endants- des'endants (le+itimate or ille+itimate)- 1rot6ers and sisters (le+itimate or ille+itimately related) s6all 1e taen rom se7arate 7ro7erty If no separate properties rom ACP or CP (ad&an'ement). /ut i it is t6e ille+itimate '6ildren- ins*i'ien'y is eno*+6 to mae ACP lia1le and ins*i'ien'y 7l*s 7ayment o '6ar+es to mae CP lia1le. For s7o*ses- +enerally rom ACP or CP absence o t6en rom r*its o ACP or CP insufficiency or absence o rom t6e se7arate 7ro7erties t6emsel&es. S*77ort 7endin+ liti+ation +enerally o1tain rom ACP or CP In 'ase o s*77ort 1eteen 6*s1and and ie 6ere &alidity o marria+e is in iss*e- a++rie&ed 'annot 1e +i&en
s*77ort is s*1Ge't to adG*stment 6ene&er modii'ation is ne'essary) @Ado7ted '6ildren only *7 to 7arents or s*77ort. Ot6ers arenJt o1li+ed to s*77ort. (I t6e ado7ter dies or a1andons t6en t6e state taes o&er) @Mandatory and essential 'annot 1e transmitted to a , rd 7erson nor 'an it 1e ai&ed. (Pro6i1ition a+ainst any 'om7romise o t6e ri+6t to *t*re s*77ort) @I relations6i7 1eteen one to 1e s*77orted and t6e one to s*77ort is in iss*e- stat*s o t6e 7arties s6o*ld 1e esta1lis6ed irst.
@IF t6e le+itimate des'endants are t6e 'ommon '6ildren t6en ACP and CP s6all 1e 7rin'i7ally '6ar+ed. @S*77ort 'anJt 1e taen rom t6e '6ildrenJs 7ro7erty *nless t6ere as no need or demand rom re'i7ient. (I t6is 6a77ens 'an oreit 1ond made 1y +*ardian 7arent o&er 7ro7erty%art. 22/)
@Ater de'laration o n*llity or ann*lment no more o1li+ation to s*77ort @In le+al se7aration s*77ort 'eases
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
community or the conjugal partnership. "fter the final judgment granting the petition, the obligation of mutual support between the spouses ceases. ?owever, in case of legal separation, the court may order that the guilty spouse shall give support to the innocent one, specifying the terms of such order. Art. 1++: =henever two or more persons are obliged to give support, the liability shall devolve upon the following persons in the order herein provided 1. %he spouse@ 2. %he descendants in the nearest degree@ 3. %he ascendants in the nearest degree@ and 4. %he brothers and sisters. Art. 2,, =hen the obligation to give support falls upon two or more persons, the payment of the same shall be divided between them in proportion to the resources of each. ?owever, in case of urgent need and by special circumstances, the judge may order only one of them to furnish the support provisionally, without prejudice to his right to claim from the other obligors the share due from them. =hen two or more recipients at the same time claim support from one and the same person legally obliged to give it, should the latter not have sufficient means to satisfy all claims, the order established in the preceding article shall be followed, unless the concurrent obligees should be the spouse and a child subject to parental authority, in which case the child shall be preferred. Art. 2,1: %he amount of support, in the cases referred to in "rticles 1; and 1;>, shall be in proportion to the resources or means of the giver and to the necessities of the recipient. Art. 2,2 :upport in the cases referred to in the
s*77ort 7endent elite 1y t6e ot6er s7o*se (rom 6is se7arate 7ro7erty) Le+al se7aration or ann*lment$ s7o*ses s6all 1e s*77orted 1y ACP or CP.
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!6e list is in order o 7riority o 6o s6o*ld s*77ort irst. !6e ot6ers are not o1li+ed to +i&e s*77ort i t6ose 6i+6er on t6e list are 7resent.
Art@ 3$i t6e lia1ility to s*77ort alls on 2 7eo7le it ill 1e di&ided 1eteen t6em in t6e 7ro7ortion o t6eir reso*r'es. %*t in 'ase o *r+en'y- t6e G*d+e may order only one o t6em to +i&e and t6en G*st +et reim1*rsed rom t6e ot6er ater. %6en t6ere are to or more 7eo7le 'laimin+ or s*77ort and t6e one o1li+ed to +i&e doesnJt 6a&e eno*+6- order ill 1e olloed except 6en t6e one 6o needs s*77ort is a s7o*se and a '6ild in 6i'6 'ase t6e '6ild s6all 1e 7reerred. (ie is 7reerred 6en it is an ille+itimate '6ild)
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S*77ort 'an 1e in'reased or de'reased de7endin+ on t6e needs of the recipient and t6e resources of the person obli#ed to #ive it@ 3*d+ment or s*77ort does not 1e'ome inal
Demandin# support
*nless +*ilty s7o*se is ordered to s*77ort inno'ent. @I ie is ad*ltero*s it 'an 1e a deense in an a'tion or s*77ort a+ainst se7arate 7ro7erty o t6e s7o*se but ie 'an still +et s*77ort rom ACP or CP.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
preceding article shall be reduced or increased proportionately, according to the reduction or increase of the necessities of the recipient and the resources or means of the person obliged to furnish the same. Art. 2,!: %he obligation to give support shall be demandable from the time the person who has a right to receive the same needs it for maintenance, but it shall not be paid except from the date of judicial or extra8judicial demand. :upport pendente lite may be claimed in accordance with the )ules of ourt.
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(o! to provide support Can 1e 1y +i&in+ t6e money or alloan'e •
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Or 1y alloin+ t6e 7erson to stay in amily dellin+ unless t6ere is a le+al or moral o1sta'le (*s*ally reers to ille+itimate '6ildren 6o are +enerally not alloed to +et rom ACP or CP) !6e ri+6t to re'ei&e s*77ort and t6e money or 7ro7erty o1tained as s*'6 s*77ort 'annot 1e made to satisy any G*d+ment a+ainst t6e re'i7ient
Art@ 3= &e$uisites: !6ere is a need to be supported and !ithout Gno!led#e of person obli#ed to #ive support it is +i&en 1y anot6er- 6e 'an reim1*rse *nless 6e 6as no intention o 1ein+ reim1*rsed. I 7erson o1li+ed to +i&e s*77ort unFustly refuses a t6ird 7erson 'an +i&e it it6 ri+6t o reim1*rsement. Art@ 3 &e$uisites: . >r+ent need to 1e s*77orted on t6e 7art o t6e re'i7ient 2. !6e 7erson o1li+ed to s*77ort *nG*stly re*ses or ails •
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Art. 2,(. =hen the person obliged to support another unjustly refuses or fails to give support when urgently needed by the latter, any third person may furnish support to the needy individual, with right of reimbursement from the person obliged to give
Demanda1le rom t6e time 7erson 6o 6as t6e ri+6t to re'ei&e it needs it (need or s*77ort is not 7res*medm*st 1e esta1lis6ed). ,o support #iven !ithout Fudicial or extraFudicial demand. (Made it6in t6e irst / days o e&ery mont6) Demand is essential s6os maniestation o needs.
"oe&er in 'ase o 'ontra't*al s*77ort or t6at +i&en 1y ill- t6e e?'ess amo*nt 1eyond t6at re*ired or le+al s*77ort 'an 1e s*1Ge't o e?e'*tion. *asi%'ontra't$ G*ridi'al relation 6i'6 arises rom 'ertain la*l- &ol*ntary and *nilateral a'ts to t6e end t6at no one s6all 1e *nG*stly enri'6ed or 1eneited at t6e e?7ense o anot6er (1asis or reim1*rsement o one 6o +i&es s*77ort)
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
support. %his "rticle shall particularly apply when the father or mother of a child under the age of majority unjustly refuses to support or fails to give support to the child when urgently needed. Art. 2,): In case of contractual support or that given by will, the excess in amount beyond that reuired for legal support shall be subject to levy on attachment or execution
PA&E,'A A1'(O&I'+ Art. 2,+:
Art. 211: %he father and the mother shall jointly exercise parental authority over the persons of their common children. In case of disagreement, the fatherBs decision shall prevail, unless there is a judicial order to the contrary. hildren shall always observe respect and reverence towards their parents and are obliged to obey them as long as the children are under parental authority.
to +i&e s*77ort. !6ird 7erson *rnis6es t6e s*77ort to t6e needy indi&id*al @I all are 7resent , rd 7erson s6all 6a&e ri+6t to reim1*rsment. % !6is is dierent rom le+al s*77ort- 6i'6 'annot 1e le&ied *7onK 'ontra't*al s*77ort 6oe&er is not mandated 1y la. % !6e e?'ess in amo*nt o le+al s*77ort s6all 1e s*1Ge't to le&y on atta'6ment or e?e'*tion. ,.
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#at*ral ae'tion 1eteen t6e 7arents and t6e os7rin+ 6as alays 1een re'o+ni:ed as an in6erent and nat*ral ri+6t. Parental a*t6ority in&ol&es a mass o ri+6ts and o1li+ations.
Parental a*t6ority and res7onsi1ility may not 1e reno*n'ed or transerred e?'e7t in t6e 'ases a*t6ori:ed 1y la. Parental a*t6ority and res7onsi1ility 'annot 1e reno*n'ed or transerred
In 'ase o disa+reement t6e at6erJs de'ision s6all 7re&ail *nless t6ere is a G*di'ial order. C6ildren s6o*ld o1ser&e res7e't and are o1li+ed to o1ey t6em as lon+ as t6ey are *nder t6eir 7arental a*t6ority A77lies to 1ot6 le+itimate and ille+itimate &e$uisites for it to apply to ille#itimate: . Paternity is non or t6e at6er is 'ertain. 2. Ille+itimate is li&in+ it6 t6e at6er and mot6er 6o are 'o6a1itin+ it6o*t t6e 1eneit o marria+e. (I one o t6e re*isites are missin+ only mot6er 6as 7arental a*t6ority) @Fat6erJs s*1se*ent se7aration does not mean a ren*n'iation. •
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Except 6en 7ro&ided 1y la (Cases o ado7tion- +*ardians6i7 and s*rrender to a '6ildrenJs 6ome or or76ana+e) %6en a 7arent +i&es a*t6ority to anot6er it merely tem7orary '*stody not ren*n'iation.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 212: In case of absence or death of either parent, the parent present shall continue exercising parental authority. %he remarriage of the surviving parent shall not affect the parental authority over the children, unless the court appoints another person to be the guardian of the person or property of the children. Art. 21! In case of separation of the parents, parental authority shall be exercised by the parent designated by the ourt. %he ourt shall ta0e into account all relevant considerations, especially the choice of the child over seven years of age, unless the parent chosen is unfit.
On'e 7arental a*t6ority is &ested 'annot 1e ai&ed. I a s7o*se dies- t6e ot6er s7o*se still 6as 7arental a*t6ority Remarria+e does not ae't t6e 7arental a*t6ority o t6e 7arent. Les1ianism not a +ro*nd to de7ri&e o '*stody. •
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Art. 21$: In case of death, absence or unsuitability of the parents, substitute parental authority shall be exercised by the surviving grandparent. In case several survive, the one designated by the court, ta0ing into account the same consideration mentioned in the preceding article, shall exercise the authority. Art. 215: -o descendant shall be compelled, in a criminal case, to testify against his parents and grandparents, except when such testimony is indispensable in a crime against the descendant or by one parent against the other.
S1/S'I'1'E A,D SPECIA PA&E,'A A1'(O&I'+ Art. 21%: In default of parents or a judicially appointed guardian, the following person shall exercise substitute parental authority over the child in the order indicated 1. %he surviving grandparent, as provided in "rt. 214@
#e s7o*se does not +et 7arental a*t6ority 1y t6e a't o marria+e. #e s7o*se m*st ado7t t6e '6ildren to 6a&e 7arental a*t6ority.
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In 'ase o se7aration t6e 'o*rt s6all desi+nate a 7arent to 6a&e 7arental a*t6ority (tain+ into 'onsideration '6oi'e o t6ose 5 and a1o&e) #o '6ild 1elo 5 s6all 1e se7arated rom mot6er unless there is compellin# reason not to do so. (A+e is 'onsidered rom 6en t6e de'ision is made or 6en '*stody is +i&en) C*stody may also 1e +i&en to , rd 7ersons i t6e sit*ation so arrants. In 'ase o deat6- a1sen'e or *ns*ita1ility o t6e 7arents s*1stit*te 7arental a*t6ority s6all 1e e?er'ised 1y t6e s*r&i&in+ +rand7arent. In 'ase se&eral +rand7arents s*r&i&e- t6e 'o*rt ill de'ide.
!6is does not mean t6at t6e ot6er 7arent 6as no more PA. @"a1eas 'or7*s is 7ro7er remedy to +et '*stody o a '6ild rom t6e ot6er 7arent or ,rd 7ersons.
#o des'endant s6all 1e 'om7elled in a 'riminal 'ase to testiy a+ainst 6is 7arents or +rand7arents *nless t6e 'rime is a+ainst t6e des'endant or 1y one 7arent a+ainst t6e ot6er.
#ot mandatory in nat*re so i t6e '6ild ants to 6e 'an do so &ol*ntarily.
"*s1and and ie d*rin+ or ater t6e marria+e 'annot 1e e?amined it6o*t t6e 'onsent o t6e ot6er (marital 7ri&ile+e). Except: in a 'i&il 'ase 1y one a+ainst t6e ot6er- in a 'riminal 'ase 1y one a+ainst t6e ot6er or to t6e latterJs des'endant or as'endant.
st$ 7arents e?er'ise 7arental a*t6ority t6en a G*di'ially a77ointed +*ardian in dea*lt o s*'6 +*ardian$ . S*r&i&in+ +rand7arent 2. Oldest 1rot6er or sister o&er 2
!6ey ill 6a&e t6e ri+6ts and res7onsi1ilities o a 7arent en*merated in art. 220 onards. @Order is not mandatory$ 7aramo*nt
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
2. %he oldest brother or sister, over twenty8one years of age, unless unfit or disualified@ and 3. %he childBs actual custodian, over twenty8one years of age, unless unfit or disualified. =henever the appointment or a judicial guardian over the property of the child becomes necessary, the same order of preference shall be observed. Art. 21(: In case of foundlings, abandoned neglected or abused children and other children similarly situated, parental authority shall be entrusted in summary judicial proceedings to heads of childrenBs homes, orphanages and similar institutions duly accredited by the proper government agency.
Art. 21): %he school, its administrators and teachers, or the individual, entity or institution engaged in child are shall have special parental authority and responsibility over the minor child while under their supervision, instruction or custody. "uthority and responsibility shall apply to all authori/ed activities whether inside or outside the premises of the school, entity or institution. Art. 21+ %hose given the authority and responsibility under the preceding "rticle shall be principally and solidarily liable for damages caused by the acts or omissions of the unemancipated minor. %he parents, judicial guardians or the persons exercising substitute parental authority over said minor shall be subsidiarily liable. %he respective liabilities of those referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not apply if it is proved that
,. C6ildJs a't*al '*stodian o&er 2 @ !6e list is merely a +*ideline- itness- 'a7a1ilities- et' m*st still 1e 'onsidered.
In 'ase o no amily mem1ers (o*ndlin+- a1andonedne+le'ted or a1*sed '6ildren and ot6er '6ildren similarly sit*ated) Parental a*t6ority s6all 1e entr*sted in s*mmary G*di'ial 7ro'eedin+s to 6eads o '6ildrenJs 6omesor76ana+es- et'. 'ransfer of parental authority: . In&ol*ntary$ 1y DSS 6o iles it6 'o*rt to 6a&e '*stody o&er t6e '6ild. 2. Vol*ntary$ 7arent or '6ild 'ommits to t6e DSS (s*rrendered in ritin+ 1y 7arents- i only and t6e ot6er is dead or a1andoned or at least year 7arent a*t6ori:ation is eno*+6) S'6ool- administrators- tea'6ers- indi&id*als or entities en+a+ed in '6ild 'are s6all 6a&e s7e'ial 7arental a*t6ority and res7onsi1ility o&er t6e minor '6ild 6ile *nder t6eir s*7er&ision- instr*'tion'*stody. (!6is a*t6ority a77lies to a*t6ori:ed a'ti&ities inside or o*tside t6e 7remises) !6ose +i&en s7e'ial a*t6ority s6all 1e 7rin'i7ally and solidariliy lia1le ('i&il lia1ility) or dama+es 'a*sed 1y t6e a'ts or omissions o t6e minor. (M*st 1e tea'6er in '6ar+e et'). Parents or t6ose 6o 6a&e s*1stit*te 7arental a*t6ority s6all 1e subsidiarily liable >i 7ersons it6 s7e'ial a*t6ority 'annot 'o&er t6e lia1ility) >nder t6e 'i&il 'ode- arti'le 240- tea'6ers et' 'an still 1e 6eld lia1le 6en '6ildren are not anymore minors s*1Ge't to t6e deense o 7ro7er dili+en'e. •
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interest
Except: no lia1ility 1y t6ose it6 s7e'ial 7arental a*t6ority i it 'an 1e 7ro&en t6at s*'6 7erson e?er'ised t6e 7ro7er dili+en'e in t6e 'ir'*mstan'es. Parents can7t use dili#ence as a defense (im7*ted lia1ility los rom ilial relation). @Can 1e an a'ademi' or non% a'ademi' s'6ool.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
they exercised the proper diligence reuired under the particular circumstances. "ll other cases not covered by this and the preceding articles shall be governed by the provisions of the ivil ode on uasi8delicts. E))EC' O) PA&E,'A A1'(O&I'+ 1PO, '(E PE&SO,S O) '(E C(ID&E, Art. 22,: %he parents and those exercising parental Ri+6ts and d*ties o 7arents$ authority shall have with the respect to their 4@ S*77ort- ed*'ate and instr*'t t6em- 7ro&ide or t6eir unemancipated children on wards the following rights *71rin+in+ in ee7in+ it6 t6eir means. and duties 3@ Lo&e and ae'tion- ad&i'e- 'o*nselin+1. %o 0eep them in their company, to support, educate 'om7anions6i7- and *nderstandin+ and instruct them by right precept and good example, 9@ Moral and s7irit*al +*idan'e and to provide for their upbringing in 0eeping with their @ P6ysi'al and mental 6ealt6 means@ <@ ood and 6olesome ed*'ational materials and 2. %o give them love and affection, advice and counsel, 7re&ent t6em rom 1ad 'om7any companionship and understanding@ =@ Re7resent t6em in all matters ae'tin+ t6eir interest. 3. %o provide them with moral and spiritual guidance, @ Demand res7e't and o1edien'e inculcate in them honesty, integrity, self8discipline, self8 8@ Im7ose dis'i7line reliance, industry and thrift, stimulate their interest in @ Ot6ers im7osed 1y la civic affairs, and inspire in them compliance with the Dis'i7linary A'tions$ 7arents may inli't a reasona1le meas*re duties of citi/enship@ o 'or7oral 7*nis6ment. 4. %o furnish them with good and wholesome educational (Read C6ild and o*t6 elare Code BRi+6ts o t6e '6ild) materials, supervise their activities, recreation and association with others, protect them from bad company, and prevent them from acuiring habits detrimental to their health, studies and morals@ . %o represent them in all matters affecting their interests@ >. %o demand from them respect and obedience@ 5. %o impose discipline on them as may be reuired under the circumstances@ and 6. %o perform such other duties as are imposed by law upon parents and guardians. Art. 221:
Cases in t6e >S o*ld s6o t6at s*77ort 'an 1e it66eld rom t6e '6ild as a dis'i7linary san'tion i t6e '6ild re*ses to o1ey t6e at6er. (*t mere disa+reements or delin*ent 1e6a&ior does not +enerally terminate s*77ort). RO V. DO.
Exception: i 7arents 'an s6o t6at t6ey e?er'ised t6e dili+en'e o a +ood at6er- t6en no lia1ility.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
defenses provided by law. Art. 222 : %he courts may appoint a guardian of the childBs property or a guardian ad litem when the best interests of the child so reuires.
Co*rt may a77oint a +*ardian or 7*r7oses o t6e las*it 6en t6e 1est interest o t6e '6ild re*ires it. >ARDIA#S"IP$ tr*st relation o t6e most sa'red '6ara'ter. Person 6o 6as 7arental a*t6ority may see t6e assistan'e o t6e 'o*rt to dis'i7line t6e '6ild and it6 a 'o*nsel s6all *nder+o a s*mmary 6earin+. I t6e 'o*rt inds t6at it is t6e 7etitioner at a*lt- t6e 'o*rt may s*s7end or de7ri&e 6im o 7arental a*t6ority. D*rin+ t6e 'ommitment o t6e '6ild t6e 7arent 'annot interere it6 t6e 'are o t6e '6ild but ill provide support. !6e 'o*rt may terminate t6e 'ommitment o t6e '6ild 6ene&er G*st and 7ro7er. •
Art@ 339: %he parents or, in their absence or incapacity, Art. 22$: %he measures referred to the individual, entity or institution exercising parental in the preceding article may include authority, may petition the proper court of the place the commitment of the child for not where the child resides, for an order providing for more than thirty days in entities or disciplinary measures over the child. %he child shall be institutions engaged in child care or entitled to the assistance of counsel, either of his choice in childrenBs homes duly accredited or appointed by the court, and a summary hearing shall by the proper government agency. be conducted wherein the petitioner and the child shall %he parent exercising parental be heard. authority shall not interfere with the ?owever, if in the same proceeding the court finds the care of the child whenever petitioner at fault, irrespective of the merits of the committed but shall provide for his petition, or when the circumstances so warrant, the court support. Fpon proper petition or at may also order the deprivation or suspension of parental its own instance, the court may authority or adopt such other measures as it may deem terminate the commitment of the just and proper. child whenever just and proper. E))EC' O) PA&E,'A A1'(O&I'+ 1PO, '(E P&OPE&'+ O) '(E C(ID&E, Art. 225 @ %he father and the mother shall jointly exercise #o need or a G*di'ial 'o*rt to a77oint 7arents as legal guardianship over the property of the unemancipated +*ardians. It is 7res*med t6at t6e 7arents a't or common child without the necessity of a court appointment. t6e 1est interest o t6e '6ild. In case of disagreement, the fatherBs decision shall prevail, Pro6i1ition ('ases 6ere a 7arent 'annot 1e t6e unless there is a judicial order to the contrary. administrator o t6e 7ro7erty)$ . 6en a 7arent is disin6erited and 6is6er '6ild =here the mar0et value of the property or the annual in6erits rom t6e '6ildJs +rand7arents 6is s6are o income of the child exceeds <9,999, the parent concerned t6e 'om7*lsory in6eritan'e- t6e 7arent 'annot shall be reuired to furnish a bond in such amount as the administer s*'6 7ro7erty. !6e 7arent 6oe&er 'an court may determine, but not less than ten per centum administer 6ate&er is +i&en to t6e '6ild 1y ay o 19G of the value of the property or annual income, to &ol*ntary ill. guarantee the performance of the obligations prescribed for 2. 6en t6e 7arent is *nit to administer t6e 7ro7erty general guardians. and t6*s a +*ardian is needed. ParentJs a*t6ority o&er t6e estate o t6e ard as a " verified petition for approval of the bond shall be filed in le+al%+*ardian o*ld not e?tend to a'ts o the proper court of the place where the child resides, or, if en'*m1ran'e or dis7osition- as distin+*is6ed rom the child resides in a foreign country, in the proper court of a'ts o mana+ement or administration. the place where the property or any part thereof is situated. . i t6e maret &al*e o total 7ro7erty or in'ome o '6ild is •
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Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
%he petition shall be doc0eted as a summary special proceeding in which all incidents and issues regarding the performance of the obligations referred to in the second paragraph of this "rticle shall be heard and resolved. %he ordinary rules on guardianship shall be merely suppletory except when the child is under substitute parental authority, or the guardian is a stranger, or a parent has remarried, in which case the ordinary rules on guardianship shall apply. Art. 22%. %he property of the unemancipated child earned or acuired with his wor0 or industry or by onerous or gratuitous title shall belong to the child in ownership and shall be devoted exclusively to the latterBs support and education, unless the title or transfer provides otherwise. %he right of the parents over the fruits and income of the childBs property shall be limited primarily to the childBs support and secondarily to the collective daily needs of the family. Art. 22(: If the parents entrust the management or administration of any of their properties to an unemancipated child, the net proceeds of such property shall belong to the owner. %he child shall be given a reasonable monthly allowance in an amount not less than that which the owner would have paid if the administrator were a stranger, unless the owner, grants the entire proceeds to the child. In any case, the proceeds thus give in whole or in part shall not be charged to the childBs legitime.
more t6an P/0- t6e 7arent 6as to +i&e a 1ond not less t6an 0 o &al*e o 7ro7erty to +*arantee 7erorman'e o t6e o1li+ations 7res'ri1ed or +eneral +*ardians. (to 1e s*re t6at +*ardians donJt a1*se t6eir a*t6ority and do 6at t6ey are re*ired to do) 2. r*les on +*ardians6i7 a77ly s*77lementary to 7arents1*t i '6ild is *nder s*1stit*te 7arental a*t6ority or +*ardian is a stran+er t6en r*les on +*ardians6i7 a77ly. @7arentJs a*t6ority o&er t6e estate does not in'l*de alienation or en'*m1ran'e- or 'om7romise or ai&er (&oid). B a*t6ority is needed rom 'o*rt. C6ildJs salary still or 6is6er e?'l*si&ely *sed or 1eneit o '6ild 1*t '6ild also 6as o1li+ation to s*77ort as'endants t6*s salary 'an 1e *sed. Parents 'annot *se 7ro7erty or 7ersonal *se. .t6e '6ild s6all on exclusively 6ate&er 6e earns or 1y onero*s or +rat*ito*s title. %t6e r*its o s*'6 'an only 1e *sed 1 y t6e 7arents or t6e s*77ort o t6e '6ild and se'ondarily or t6e s*77ort o t6e amily. Parents 6o en+a+e t6eir *neman'i7ated '6ild to tae 'are o t6eir 7ro7erties are to +i&e t6eir '6ild a mont6ly alloan'e taen rom t6e +ross 7ro'eeds o t6e 7ro7erty or t6e mont6. S*'6 ill not 1e '6ar+ed to t6e '6ildJs le+itime. !6e net 7ro'eeds or t6e 1alan'e let ater t6e 7ayment o t6e alloan'e and e?7enses ill +o to t6e 7arents •
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S1SPE,SIO, O& 'E&*I,A'IO, O) PA&E,'A A1'(O&I'+ Art. 22):
!6e 'o*rt *7on t6e deat6 o t6e 7arents 'an a77oint a +*ardian on 7etition o a relati&e- amily riend- or DSD. !6ese sit*ations e?tin+*is6es 7arental a*t6ority ro*nds or termination$ . Ado7tion B all le+al ties are se&ered an are &ested on t6e ado7ter. 2. a77ointment o +*ardian •
7arental a*t6ority 'annot 1e re&i&ed in t6ese 'ases.
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or t6e reinstatement o 7arental a*t6ority G*di'ial de'laration is needed or reinstatement o 7arental a*t6ority.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
3. Fpon judicial declaration of abandonment of the child in a case filed for the purpose@ 4. Fpon final judgment of a competent court divesting the party concerned of parental authority@ or . Fpon judicial declaration of absence or incapacity of the person exercising parental authority. Art. 2!,:
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a1andonment o '6ild (*7on G*di'ial de'laration in a 'ase iled or t6e 7*r7ose) . inal G*d+ment rom 'o*rt de7ri&in+ 7arental a*t6ority /. G*di'ial de'laration o a1sen'e or in'a7a'ity o 7erson % 7arental a*t6ority is s*s7ended *7on 'on&i'tion o t6e 7arent o a 'rime t6at 6as 'i&il interdi'tion (loss o ri+6ts o 7arental a*t6ority- +*ardians6i7 to 7erson and 7ro7erty o ard- marital a*t6ority- ri+6t to mana+e 6is 7ro7erty and ri+6t to dis7ose o s*'6. Suspension of parental authority ('an 1e rom a 'ase related- os6oot o anot6er 'ase. Does not 6a&e to 1e 'ase iled or t6e 7*r7ose) . treats t6e '6ild it6 excessive 6ars6ness or 'r*elty 2. +i&es '6ild 'orr*7tin+ orders- e?am7le or 'o*nsel ,. Com7els t6e '6ild to 1e+ . S*1Ge'ts or allos 6im to 1e s*1Ge't to a'ts o las'i&io*sness (not a't*al se?*al a't- or'e or intimidation it6 led desi+n) @ !6is may in'l*de 'ases 6ere t6e 7arent as ne#li#ent or didnJt do anyt6in+ a1o*t t6e sit*ation.
I t6e 7erson e?er'isin+ 7arental a*t6ority 6as subjected t6e '6ild or allowed him to be subjected ('*l7a1le ne+li+en'e o a 7arent) to sexual abuse parental authority !ill be permanently deprived 1nder &PC: any 7erson entr*sted it6 7arental a*t6ority o a '6ild *nder E years o a+e to deli&er- +rat*ito*sly or in 'onsideration o a 7ri'e- s*'6 '6ild to &a+rant or 1e++ar•
7arental a*t6ority is automatically reinstated *7on ser&i'e o senten'e or 7ardon.
i t6e de+ree or serio*sness so arrants 7arent may 1e de7ri&ed o a*t6ority. @Parental a*t6ority may 1e re&i&ed in a 'ase iled or its 7*r7ose or in t6e same 7ro'eedin+ i t6e 'o*rt inds t6at t6e 'a*se 6as 'eased.
7arental a*t6ority 'annot 1e re&i&ed or se?*al a1*se. @RPC$ 7arental a*t6ority 'an 1e de7ri&ed or s*s7ended *7 to t6e dis'retion o t6e 'o*rts.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. 2!!: %he person exercising substitute parental authority shall have the same authority over the person of the child as the parents. In no case shall the school administrator, teacher of individual engaged in child care exercising special parental authority inflict corporal punishment upon the child.
em7loys '6ildren in e?6i1itions ('ir'*s- 'arni&al- et'.) Corporal punishment of those !ith special parental authority: t6ose e?er'isin+ s*1stit*te 7arental a*t6ority ill 6a&e all t6e same ri+6ts and a*t6orities o&er t6e '6ild ('an inli't 'or7oral 7*nis6ment) t6ose it6 s7e'ial 7arental a*t6ority 'annot inli't 'or7oral 7*nis6ment on t6e '6ild. (s'6ools 'an im7ose 'ertain meas*res o dis'i7linary a'tion 1*t 'annot inli't any 76ysi'al 7*nis6ment)
Criminal liability of parents: . 'on'eals or a1andons t6e '6ild it6 intent to mae 6im6er loose 6is 'i&il stat*s 2. a1andons '6ild de7ri&in+ 6im o t6e lo&e- 'are- and 7rote'tion 6e needs ,. sells or a1andons '6ild or a &al*a1le 'onsideration . ne+le'ts t6e '6ild 1y not +i&in+ 6im t6e ed*'ation 6i'6 t6e amily 'an aord /. ails or re*ses it6o*t G*stiia1le reason to enroll '6ild E. 'a*ses- a1ates- or 7ermits tr*an'y o t6e '6ild. (a1sen'e it6o*t 'a*se or more t6an 20 days- not ne'essarily 'onse'*ti&e) 5. e?7loits '6ild 1y *sin+ 6im or 1e++in+- et'. 4. inli'ts 'r*el and *n*s*al 7*nis6ment 9. en'o*ra+es or 'a*ses '6ild to lead an immoral or dissol*te lie 0. 7ermits '6ild to *se or 'arry dan+ero*s ea7ons . allos or re*ires '6ild to dri&e it6o*t a li'ense. E*A,CIPA'IO, Art. 2!$: +mancipation ta0es place by the attainment of majority. Fnless otherwise provided, majority commences at the age of eighteen. Art. 2!%: +mancipation for any cases shall terminate parental authority over the person and property of the child who shall then be ualified and responsible for all acts of civil of life, save the exceptions established by existing laws in special cases. ontracting marriage shall reuire parental consent until the age of 21. -othing in this code shall be construed to derogate
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man'i7ation is attained *7on rea'6in+ 4 years o a+e. Marria+e is no lon+er a +ro*nd or eman'i7ation sin'e no one 'an only 'ontra't a marria+e 6en t6ey marry.
Parental 'onsent is more in ee7in+ it6 Fili7ino '*lt*re and tradition. On'e eman'i7ated 6es6e 'an s*e or 1e s*ed alone- and is res7onsi1le and *aliied or all a'ts o 'i&il lie ParentJs lia1ility$ !6e at6er and in 'ase o deat6 or in'a7a'ity t6e mot6er are res7onsi1le or t6e dama+es 'a*sed 1y t6e '6ildren 1eteen 4 and 2 6o li&e in t6eir ' om7any. Parents are also s*1sidiary lia1le or t6e a'ts or omission o -
@Ille+itimate '6ildren$ lia1ility is it6 t6e mot6erK t6e at6er is only relied *7on or s*77ort.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
from the duty or responsibility of parents and guardians for children and wards below twenty8one years of age mentioned in the second and third paragraphs of "rticle 2169 of the civil code.
t6eir eman'i7ated '6ild li&in+ in t6eir '*stody*ardianJs lia1ility$ *ardians are lia1le or dama+es i t6e 7erson is *nder t6eir a*t6ority and li&e in t6eir 'om7any.
Summary proceedin#s: 'laims or dama+es 1y eit6er s7o*se m*st 1e done in a se7arate a'tion. Preliminary 'oneren'e$ done 1y G*d+e it6 t6e 7arties !-o counsel@ *t i t6e 'o*rt deems it ne'essary- t6ey 'an 1e assisted 1y 'o*nsel ater. De'isions 1e'ome inal and e?e'*tory immediately (no more la7se o / days et') 6oe&er a++rie&ed 7arty 'an still a77eal to 6i+6er 'o*rts on t6e 1asis o denial o d*e 7ro'ess. )amily courts: s6all esta1lis6 amily 'o*rts in e&ery 7ro&in'e and 'ity. I t6e 'ity is t6e 'a7ital o t6e 7ro&in'e t6en in t6e m*ni'i7ality it6 t6e 6i+6est n*m1er o 7eo7le. 3*risdi'tion o&er$ 1. criminal cases of those ;816 years of age but all cases concerning determination of age still with family courts 2. petitions for guardianship, custody, habeas corpus 3. adoption and revocation thereof 4. annulment, nullity, relating to marital status, property relations, dissolution of <* . support and ac0nowledgment >. summary judicial proceedings 5. declaration of status of children, commitment of children, suspension termination or restoration of parental authority. 6. onstitution of family home ;. ases against minors dangerous drugs act 19. !iolations of 5>19 11. !iolations against !"= unless becomes criminal in which case offender will be subject to criminal proceedings @i any 1e'ome an in'ident to a 'ase 7endin+ in t6e re+*lar 'o*rts it s6all 1e de'ided t6ere. )unerals: same arran+ement esta1lis6ed or s*77ort (s7o*ses- des'endants t6en as'endants in t6e nearest de+ree- 1rot6ers and sisters a1o&e 2) rot6ers and sisters or des'endants Boldest are 7reerred- as'endants B 7aternal is 7reerred. In ee7in+ it6 t6e so'ial 7osition o t6e de'eased- and in a''ordan'e to t6e e?7ressed is6es o t6e de'eased- in t6e a1sen'e reli+io*s 1elies- in 'ase o do*1t s6all 1e de'ided *7on 1y t6e 7erson main+ t6e arran+ements ater 'ons*ltation it6 t6e amily. "*man remains 'anJt 1e dis7osed or e?6*med it6o*t t6e 'onsent o t6e 7ersons in arran+ement. A 7erson 6o allos disres7e't to t6e dead ill 1e lia1le to t6e amily or moral and material dama+es. Ma*sole*m or a tom1 is 7art o *neral e?7enses- 6i'6 s6all 1e '6ar+ea1le to t6e 7ro7erty re+ime i t6e s7o*se is main+ arran+ements. •
1SE O) S1&,A*ES Art. !%$: #egitimate and legitimated children shall principally use the surname of the father. Art. !%5: "n adopted child shall bear the surname of
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Le+itimate- le+itimated '6ildren *se s*rname o t6eir dad Ado7ted '6ildren are 'onsidered t6e le+itimate '6ild
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
the adopter.
Art. !%%: " natural child ac0nowledged by both parents shall principally use the surname of the father. If recogni/ed by only one of the parents, a natural child shall employ the surname of the recogni/ing parent. Art. !%(: -atural children by legal fiction shall principally employ the surname of the father.
Art. !%): Illegitimate children referred to in "rticle 265 shall bear the surname of the mother.
Art. !%+: hildren conceived before the decree annulling a voidable marriage shall principally use the surname of the father.
Art. !(,: " married woman may use 1. ?er maiden first name and surname and add her husbandBs surname, or 2. ?er maiden first name and her husbandBs surname or 3. ?er husbandBs full name, but prefixing a word indicating that she is his wife, such as EMrs.E Art. !(1: In case of annulment of marriage, and the wife is the guilty party, she shall resume her maiden name and surname. If she is the innocent spouse, she may resume her maiden name and surname. ?owever, she may choose to continue employing her former husbandBs surname, unless 1. %he court decrees otherwise, or 2. :he or the former husband is married again to another person.
o t6e ado7ter or all intents and 7*r7oses and t6*s is entitled to all t6e ri+6ts and o1li+ations 7ro&ided 1y la. Ado7ted '6ildren 1ear t6e name o t6eir ado7ter. Art. 5E$ ille+itimate '6ildren s6all *se t6e s*rname o t6e mot6er and s6all 1e *nder t6eir 7arental 'ontrol. Art. 5E 6oe&er does not a77ly i t6e at6er o t6e ille+itimate '6ild is 'ertain as 6en t6e said at6er 'ate+ori'ally admits t6at t6e ille+itimate 'ommon '6ild is 6is and at t6e same time s*'6 at6er li&es it6 t6e ille+itimate '6ild and t6e mot6er. -
Ille+itimate '6ildren s6all 7rin'i7ally *se t6e name o t6e mot6er
C6ildren conceived 1eore t6e de'ree ann*llin+ a &oida1le marria+e s6all *se s*rname o at6er. De'ree o ann*lment is inal / days ater it is made t6*s e&en i t6e '6ild as 1orn d*rin+ t6at / day 7eriod t6e '6ild ill still 1e le+itimate. Married oman may *se$ . " er on na me 2. maiden irst name- s*rname and 6*s1ands s*rname ,. maiden name and 6er 6*s1ands s*rname . 6*s1ands *ll name 7l*s
In case of annulment: . 2.
ie is +*ilty$ s6all res*me 6er maiden name
inno'ent$ res*me 6er maiden name or 'ontin*e *sin+ 6er 6*s1ands name unless t6e 'o*rt de'rees ot6erise or i eit6er o t6em remarries. In case of le#al separation: ie !ill 'ontin*e to *se t6e name s6e *sed 7rior to se7aration Bido!: may 'ontin*e to *se de'eased 6*s1andJs s*rname
Exception: at6er is 'ertain or re'o+ni:es ille+itimate '6ild and t6e at6er li&es it6 t6e ille+itimate '6ild and mot6er. !6en 'an *se at6ers s*rname
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Art. !(2: =hen legal separation has been granted, the wife shall continue using her name and surname employed before the legal separation. Art. !(! " widow may use the deceased husbandBs surname as though he were still living, in accordance with "rticle 359. Art. !($ In case of identity of names and surnames, the younger person shall be obliged to use such additional name or surname as will avoid confusion.
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Art. !(5 In case of identity of names and surnames between ascendants and descendants, the word EHuniorE can be used only by a son. *randsons and other direct male descendants shall either 1. "dd a middle name or the motherBs surname, or 2. "dd the )oman -umerals II, III, and so on. Art. !(%: -o person can change his name or surname without judicial authority.
Art. !((: Fsurpation of a name and surname may be the subject of an action for damages and other relief. Art. !(): %he unauthori/ed or unlawful use of another personBs surname gives a right of action to the latter. Art. !(+: %he employment of pen names or stage names is permitted, provided it is done in good faith
I t6ere are similar names- t6e yo*n+er ill 1e o1li+ed to *se additional names I 1eteen as'endants and des'endants t6e ord
%randsons and direct male descendants !ill use: . add middle name or mot6ers s*rname add roman n*merals
#o '6an+e in name or s*rname it6o*t G*di'ial a*t6ority &easons for chan#e in surname: . ridi'*lo*s name 2. '6an+e o 'i&il stat*s ,. to a&oid 'on*sion @las do not 7ermit a le+itimate '6ild o anot6er to ado7t t6e s*rname o anot6er 7erson e&en i t6at 7erson is e?er'isin+ 7arental a*t6ority. *t i it is an ille+itimate '6ild- '6an+e o s*rname is 7ermitted '6an+e o name does not alter amily relations- ri+6ts or d*ties- le+al 'a7a'ity- 'i&il stat*s or 'iti:ens6i7.
Exception: i it is or merely '6an+in+ 'leri'al or ty7o+ra76i'al error no need or G*di'ial a*t6ority (m*st not in&ol&e a '6an+e in nationality- a+e- stat*s- or se?) Chan#e in nicGname: . ridi'*lo*s- tainted it6 dis6onor- dii'*lt to 7rono*n'e 2. 6a1it*ally *sed and non 1y ot6er 7eo7le as t6at ,. '6an+e ill a&oid 'on*sion.
!6e *s*r7ation or *se o a name and s*rname it6o*t a*t6ority 'o*ld res*lt in a 'laim or dama+es >na*t6ori:ed or *nla*l *se o anot6erJs name also +i&es ri+6t or an a'tion to t6e latter. Pen names and sta+e names 7ermitted as lon+ as done in +ood ait6 and no one +ets inG*red.
*s*r7ation means some inG*ry to t6e interests o t6e 7erson (7ossi1ility o 'on*sion o identity et')
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sta+e names 'annot 1e *s*r7ed as t6e 7eo7le 6a&e &ested ri+6ts in t6em
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
and there is no injury to third persons.
as ell.
Art. !),: +xcept as provided in the preceding article, no person shall use different names and surnames.
Absence: at t6e instan'e o an interested 7arty t6e G*d+e may a77oint a 7erson to re7resent 6im G*d+e s6all tae ne'essary meas*res to sae+*ard ri+6ts and interests o a1sentee (s7e'iy 7oers- re+*lations et'.) Bs7o*se is 7reerred i no le+al se7aration. Declaration of absence 3 yrs i no nes a1o*t t6e a1sentee < yrs i a1sentee let someone in '6ar+e Bho may seeG declaration s7o*se 7resent @G*di'ial de'laration s6all not tae ee't *ntil = of absence 6eirs instit*ted in a ill months ater its 7*1li'ation. relati&es 6o may s*''eed 1y t6e la o intesta'y (le+itimateille+itimate relati&es- 'ollateral relati&es) t6ose 6o 6a&e ri+6t to t6e 7ro7erty s*1ordinated to t6e 'ondition o 6is deat6 Some of its effects 'a*se or in&ol*ntary G*di'ial se7aration @s7o*se 'anJt alienateen'*m1er 7ro7erty it6o*t 1asis or termination o 7ro7erty re+ime G*di'ial a*t6ority. transer o e?'l*si&e 7ro7erties to t6e 7resent s7o*se termination o 7arental a*t6ority 'ermination of 6en a1sentee a77ears o 6is a+ent administration deat6 o t6e a1sentee is 7ro&ed and 6is 6eirs a77ear ,rd 7erson a77ears it6 a ri+6t o&er t6e 7ro7erty Presumption of death years or intents and 7*r7oses e?'e7t s*''ession @i t6e a1sentee a77ears or 6is e?isten'e is 7ro&en throu#h absence 4 yrs or 7*r7oses o o7enin+ s*''ession 6e s6all re'o&er all 6is 7ro7erty in t6e 'ondition t6ey are in 1*t 'annot 'laim t6e r*its or rents. i disa77eared ater t6e a+e o 5/- / years eno*+6 @i t6e a1sentee is t6e 6eir- 6is s6are s6all a''r*e to Presumption of death in on 1oard a lost vessel d*rin+ sea &oya+e- air7lane t6at is 6is 'o%6eirs- *nless 6i 6as 6eirs or a re7resentati&e. dan#erous situations missin+ and 6as not 1een 6eard o in years sin'e loss. (i t6ere (ri+6t o re7resentation). If absentee reappears 6e is a re'a+e and 7erson is missin+- not years) 6as 'laim to +et 6at as s*77osed to 1e 6is rom Person in t6e armed or'es en#a#ed in !ar and is missin+ or t6ose t6at +ot it it6in t6e 7res'ri7ti&e 7eriod. years Person in dan+er o deat6 and e?isten'e 6as not 1een non or years.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
ADDI'IO,A ,O'ES A,D &E5IEB AIDS: Adoption )ight to create relationship of parent and child between persons who are not related exists only by virtue of statute. Domestic adoption Poli'y o t6e state to ens*re t6at '6ild is 7ro&ided it6 lo&e- 'are and remains it6 7arents and only 6en t6e '6ild 'anJt 1e 7la'ed it6 e?tended amily s6all ado7tion 1y *nrelated 7erson 1e 'onsidered. In a''ordan'e it6 tenets o$ . ># Con&ention on Ri+6ts o a C6ild 2. ># De'laration o So'ial and Le+al Prin'i7les Relatin+ to t6e Prote'tion and elare o C6ildren ,. "a+*e Con&ention on t6e Prote'tion o C6ildren and Coo7eration in Res7e't o Inter%'o*ntry Ado7tion. State Poli'y$ . Sae+*ard 1iolo+i'al 7arents rom main+ 6*rried de'isions. (Co*nselin+- no 'ommitment to a 7otential ado7ter 1eore 1irt6- et'.) 2. Pre&ent '6ild rom *nne'essary se7aration rom 7arents ,. Prote't ado7ti&e 7arents rom dist*r1an'e o t6eir 7arental a*t6ority o&er ado7ted. . Promote sensiti&e en&ironment or ado7tion t6ro*+6 'am7ai+ns and 7*1li' inormation /. o&ernment 6as s*i'ient 'a7a'ity to 7ro&ide or ado7tion 7ro7erly. E. n'o*ra+e domesti' ado7tion and mae inter%'o*ntry ado7tion a last resort. ein+ a stat*tory 'reation- all re*irements m*st 1e met it6 i not- no ri+6ts may lo rom t6is. Pre%Ado7tion Ser&i'es$ Co*nselin+ or nat*ral 7arents- ado7ter- and ado7tee. li+i1ility$ . Fili7ino 'iti:en o le+al a+e it6 *ll 'i&il 'a7a'ity and le+al ri+6ts. a. #ot 'on&i'ted o a 'rime in&ol&in+ moral t*r7it*de 1. motionallyPsy'6olo+i'ally 'a7a1le o 'arin+ or '6ildren '. At least E years older t6en t6e ado7tee (*nless ado7ter is t6e 1iolo+i'al 7arent or s7o*se o t6e 1iolo+i'al 7arent) d. In a 7osition to s*77ort and 'are or 2. Aliens it6 same *alii'ations 7l*s a. Co*ntry 6as di7lomati' relations it6 P6ili77ines 1. Li&in+ in t6e P6ili77ines or at least , 'ontin*o*s years i. Residen'y re*irement is ai&ed i t6e ado7ter as$ . Former Fili7ino 'iti:en 6o sees to ado7t a relati&e it6 in t6e t6 de+ree o 'onsan+*inity or ainity 2. Sees to ado7t le+itimate '6ild o Fili7ino s7o*se ,. One 6o is married to a Fili7ino and sees to ado7t Gointly it6 6er a relati&e it6in t6e t6 de+ree o 'onsan+*inity or ainity o Fili7ino s7o*se. '. Forei+n 'o*ntry ill allo t6e ado7tee to enter s*'6 'o*ntry d. Certiied to 1e le+ally 'a7a'itated to ado7t ,. *ardian it6 res7e't to ard (ater 'learan'e o inan'es "*s1and and ie s6all Gointly ado7t e?'e7t$ . One s7o*se sees to ado7t le+itimate '6ild o ot6er
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
2. ,.
One s7o*se ado7ts 6is6er on ille+itimate '6ild 7ro&ided ot6er s7o*se si+niies 'onsent to t6is S7o*ses are le+ally se7arated
6o may 1e ado7ted$ . elo 4- G*di'iallyadministrati&ely de'lared a&aila1le or ado7tion 2. Le+itimate '6ild o one s7o*se 1y t6e ot6er ,. Ille+itimate '6ild 1y *aliied ado7ter to im7ro&e stat*s . A 7erson o le+al a+e o 6en yo*n+er as treated as ado7terJs '6ild sin'e minority /. A '6ilde 6ose ado7tion 6as 1een 7re&io*sly res'inded E. C6ild 6ere 7arents 6a&e died (no 7ro'eedin+ *ntil ater E mont6s rom time o deat6) Consent needed$ !o mae s*re e&eryone nos and a''e7ts t6e ado7tion . !6e ado7tee i 0 years and o&er 2. 6o e&er 6as le+al '*stody o t6e '6ild (7arent- +*ardian- +o&Jt.) ,. Le+itimate and ado7ted '6ildren o ado7tee (0 years and a1o&e) . Ille+itimate '6ildren i li&in+ it6 ado7ter (0 years or o&er) /. S7o*se o ado7ter #o 'onsent 'an 1e +i&en 7rior to 1irt6 o '6ild. E%mont6 7eriod to re&oe 'onsent 1y 7arent ater de'ision 6as 1een made. Ater t6at 'onsent is 1indin+. Pro'ed*re$ . Co*rt needs 7roo t6at t6ere asnJt a 6*rried de'ision. 2. So'ial orer s6o*ld mae 'ase st*dy o ado7ter and ado7tee 7rior to any 6earin+ or ado7tion ,. eore ado7tion de'ree 1e'omes inal t6ere is E mont6 '*stody 7eriod Only a dire't atta' in 'ases o ado7tion- 'anJt 1e 'ollaterally atta'ed De'ree 1e'omes ee'ti&e as o t6e date 7etition as iled Retroa'ts e?'e7t 6en it 'omes to &i'ario*s lia1ility "earin+ in ado7tion 'ases ill 1e 'onsidered 'onidential and not o7en to 7*1li'. e'ts o Ado7tion$ . Parental a*t6ority B all le+al ties 1eteen 1iolo+i'al 7arent and ado7tee se&ered (*nless 1iolo+i'al is t6e one ado7tin+) 2. Le+itima'y B or all intents and 7*r7oses ado7tee is 'onsidered le+itimate '6ild a. Relations6i7 esta1lis6ed is only 1eteen 7arent and '6ild- does not e?tend to ot6er relati&es *nless e?7ressly 7ro&ided 1y la ,. S*''ession % ado7ter and ado7tee 1e'ome le+itimate le+al 6eirs o one anot6er (entitled to le+itime)- 1iolo+i'al 7arents onJt +et anyt6in+. #o ri+6t o re7resentation (Meanin+ i ado7ter dies- ado7tee 'anJt +et rom 7arents o ado7ter) Does not in6erit orm t6e ot6er relati&es- et'. "oe&er i somet6in+ is let 1y ill t6e ado7tee1iolo+i'al 7arent 'an in6erit (rom t6e ree 7ortion) Res'ission o ado7tion$ 1y ado7tee or +*ardian$ . Re7eated 76ysi'al or &er1al maltreatment 2. Attem7t on t6e lie o t6e ado7tee ,. Se?*al assa*lt or &iolen'e . A1andonment and ail*re to 'om7ly it6 7arental o1li+ations Ado7ter 'annot res'ind ado7tion ('an only disin6erit) •
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
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I ado7tion is res'inded t6en 7arental a*t6ority o 1iolo+i'al 7arents or De7artment o So'ial elare ill 1e restored i ado7tee is still a minor. *t ado7ter and ado7tee relations6i7 e?tin+*is6ed.
Inter.country Adoption: So'io%le+al 7ro'ess o ado7tin+ a Fili7ino C6ild 1y a orei+n national or Fili7ino Citi:en residin+ a1road 6ere 7etition or ado7tion is iled Inter%'o*ntry ado7tion 1oard$ a't as 'entral a*t6ority or all matters relatin+ to inter%'o*ntry ado7tion oard s6all ens*re t6at ado7tion in amily 'ode 6as 1een e?6a*sted and inter%'o*ntry ado7tion is in t6e 1est interest o t6e '6ild. !6e 1oard *7on re'ommendation o t6e 7la'ement 'ommittee s6all only a77ro&e mat'6in+ o a '6ild to a orei+n ado7ti&e amily. F*n'tions o oard$ . R*les and re+*lations 2. *idelines or t6e 'on&enin+ o inter%'o*ntry ado7tion 7la'ement 'ommittee ,. *idelines or Mat'6in+Colle'tion . Fees and C6ar+es to 1e e?e'*ted /. Form and Contents o a77li'ation E. Form*late 7oli'ies et' to 7rote't '6ildren 5. Pre&ent im7ro7er inan'ial +ain 4. Promote de&elo7ment o ado7tion ser&i'e 9. A''redita*t6ori:e orei+n ado7tion a+en'y 0. ns*re 'onidentiality o re'ords . Pre7areModiy a+reements 2. Assist ot6er a+en'ies ,. Ot6ers 6o may 1e ado7ted$ Only a le+ally ree '6ild (&ol*ntarily or in&ol*ntarily 'ommitted) 6o may ado7t$ Any alien or Fili7ino 'iti:en residin+ a1road 7ro&ided$ . At least 25 years old and E years older t6en t6e ado7ted *nless ado7ter is 1iolo+i'al 7arent. I married- t6ey m*st Gointly ile ado7tion. 2. "as 'a7a'ity to a't and ass*me ri+6ts and res7onsi1ilities o a 7arent *nder 6is national las. Also 6as *nder+one 'o*nselin+ orm an a''redited 'o*nselor in 6is6er 'o*ntry ,. #ot 1een 'on&i'ted o a 'rime in&ol&in+ moral t*r7it*de . li+i1le to ado7t *nder 6is nationality las /. A1le to +i&e 7ro7er 'are and s*77ort E. A+rees to *76old 1asi' ri+6ts o '6ild 5. Comes rom a 'o*ntry t6at t6e P6ili77ines 6as di7lomati' ties it6. (P6ili77ine maintains a*t6ori:ed and a''redited a+en'y- ado7tion is alloed *nder 6is or 6er las) !o 1e iled it6 t6e R!C or t6e 1oard t6ro*+6 an a+en'y. Mat'6in+$ 3*di'io*s 7airin+ o t6e a77li'ant and t6e '6ild to 7romote a mentally satisyin+ 7arent%'6ild relations6i7. #o mat'6in+ arran+ement 1eteen a77li'ant and 7arents 1eore t6e 'ommitteeJs 7ro7osal *nless it is relati&e or it is or t6e '6ildJs 1est interest. A77li'ant m*st et'6 '6ild it6in ,0 days ater noti'e o iss*an'e o &isa. !rial '*stody$ E mont6s it6 s*1mission o 7ro+ress re7orts 1eore ado7tion de'ree 1e'omes inal. I 7re%ado7ti&e relations6i7 is *nsatisa'tory- it ill 1e terminated and oard may '6oose rom roster o a77li'ants a *aliied amily- a1sen'e t6e orei+n a+en'y may 7ro7ose. ?e'*ti&e A+reement$ DFA *7on re7resentation o t6e oard s6all 'a*se t6e 7re7aration o ?e'*ti&e A+reements it6 'o*ntries o t6e orei+n ado7tion a+en'ies.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Ille+al Ado7tion (7res*med)$ . Consent or ado7tion a'*ired t6ro*+6 or attended 1y or'e- 'oer'ion- et'. 2. #o a*t6ority rom 1oard ,. Pro'ed*res and sae+*ards not 'om7lied it6 . C6ild e?7osed to dan+er- a1*se and e?7loitation Attem7t to 'ommit oense 7*nis6a1le A'ts 7*nis6a1le a1o&e 'onsidered '6ild trai'in+ 'A (%1,: 3pecial Protection of Children Against Child Ause/ 7#ploitation and iscrimination Act. State s6all inter&ene 6en 7erson 6o is s*77osed to 7rote't a '6ild 'annot or i t6ose a'ts are 1ein+ 'ommitted 1y t6e 7arent a+ainst t6e '6ild. C6ildren 4 years or 1elo or t6ose a1o&e 4 1*t are *na1le to 7rote't t6emsel&es rom e?7loitationdis'rimination d*e to 76ysi'al or mental disa1ility. C6ild A1*se$ 6a1it*al or non%6a1it*al maltreatment . Psy'6olo+i'al or 76ysi'al a1*se (ne+le't- 'r*elty emotional maltreatment- se?*al a1*se) 2. A'ts 1y deeds or ords- 6i'6 de+rades or demeans intrinsi' ort6 or 6*man di+nity o '6ild. ,. >nreasona1le de7ri&ation o 1asi' needs . Fail*re to +i&e immediate medi'al treatment 6en needed. Cir'*mstan'es- 6i'6 +ra&ely t6reaten or endan+er s*r&i&al and normal de&elo7ment$ . Li&in+ in an area ae'ted 1y armed 'onli't 2. orin+ *nder 'onditions 6a:ardo*s to lie- saety- morals ,. Li&in+ or endin+ or t6emsel&es it6o*t t6e 'are o anyone . Li&in+ in an area la'in+ 1asi' ser&i'es (indi+eno*s '*lt*ral 'omm*nity- e?treme 7o&erty- *nderde&elo7ed area) /. Vi'tim o 'alamity E. Analo+o*s sit*ations. C6ild 7rostit*tion and ot6er se?*al a'tsa1*se$ For any 'onsideration or t6ro*+6 'oer'ion or inl*en'e ind*l+e in se?*al a'ts. Attem7t to 'ommit$ Any 7erson 6o is in a se'l*ded area it6 a '6ild and s*'6 7erson is not a relati&e. C6ild trai'in+$ tradin+- dealin+- 1*yin+- and sellin+ o '6ildren Attem7t to 'ommit$ C6ild tra&els alone to orei+n 'o*ntry it6o*t reason or 'learan'e orm DSS- 7re+nant omen 'onsents to ado7tion or a 'onsideration- esta1lis6ment 6i'6 re'r*its omen to 1ear '6ildren. Person en+a+ed in indin+ '6ildren rom lo%in'ome amilies. O1s'ene 7*1li'ations and inde'ent s6os$ 7erorm o1s'ene e?6i1itions in s6os- &ideo or model and sellsdistri1*tes t6is. Ot6er a'ts o a1*se$ *se 'oer'ion- or'e or intimidation to mae a '6ild 1e+- trai' dr*+s- or 'ond*'t ot6er ille+al a'ti&ities sta1lis6ments 6ere t6ese a'ts are done ill 1e 'losed and t6eir li'ense to o7erate ill 1e 'an'eled. orin+ C6ildren$ 1elo / years o a+e 'an or 7ro&ided$ . or 7ermit rom DOL 2. m7loyer s6all ens*re 7rote'tion- 6ealt6- saety- morals ,. Pre&ent e?7loitation or dis'rimination . Contin*o*s trainin+ o '6ild Cant em7loy '6ild in 'ommer'ials or al'o6ol- to1a''o- &iolen'e C6ildren o Indi+eno*s C*lt*ral Comm*nities$ Instit*te an alternati&e ed*'ation or '6ildren 6i'6 is '*lt*re s7e'ii' and rele&ant to t6eir needs Deli&ery o 1asi' so'ial ser&i'es. -
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Sit*ations o Armed Conli't$ Poli'y o state to resol&e s*'6 or 1est interest o '6ildren . S6all not 1e o1Ge't o atta'K entitled to s7e'ial res7e't 2. #ot re'r*ited in army ,. Deli&ery o 1asi' so'ial ser&i'es . P*1li' inrastr*'t*res (s'6ools- 6os7itals) not to 1e *sed /. Fa'ilitate re*nion o amilies C6ildren arrested or reasons o armed 'onli't$ . Se7arate detention 'ells rom ad*lts *nless t6ey are amily. 2. Immediate ree le+al assistan'e ,. Immediate noti'e to 7arents . Release it6in 2 6o*rs to DSD or ot6er 6o may ile$ oended 7arents +*ardians- as'endants- relati&e it6in t6e ,rd de+ree o 'onsan+*inity so'ial orer o DSS or ot6eraran+ay '6airman- , 'iti:ens o t6e 7la'e 6ere it o''*rred.
Article 8=: Donor may revoGe donation by reason of marria#e in the follo!in# cases
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Marria+e is not 'ele1rated or is &oid a1 initio (in'l*din+ art. /2%/,) Prescription: marria+e is &oid$ / years rom 3*di'ial De'laration o #*llity (i doesnJt ant to +i&e it 1a'- 7res'ri1e ater 4 years or mo&a1le- ,0 years or immo&a1le) marria+e not 'ele1rated$ / years rom 6en it as not 'ele1rated E. Marria+e taes 7la'e it6o*t 'onsent o 7arents Prescription: % / years rom t6e time 6e 6ad noled+e t6at 'onsent as not o1tained- ater t6e marria+e. 5. >7on le+al se7aration 6en donee is t6e +*ilty s7o*se Prescription: . / years rom inality o de'ree. 4. 6en t6ere is a resol*tory 'a*se and t6e 'ondition 6as 1een 'om7lied it6 Prescription: / years rom t6e 6a77enin+ o t6e resol*tory 'ondition.
Exception$ I t6e donation is in t6e marria+e settlement it ill 1e re&oed 1y o7eration o la. Exception: I t6e marria+e is &oid d*e to Arti'le 0- or Arti'le - t6en a*tomati'ally re&oed
Exception: i t6e +ro*nd or le+al se7aration is inidelity in t6e orm o ad*ltery or 'on'*1ina+e it ill 1e a*tomati'ally &oid. Exception: 1eteen 6*s1and and ie 7res'ri7tion does not r*n.
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
Article 8
E. A'ts o in+ratit*de$ % donee 'ommits an oense a+ainst t6e 7erson or 7ro7erty o t6e donor- 6is ie- or '6ildren % donee im7*tes to t6e donor any 'riminal oense in&ol&in+ moral t*r7it*de *nless it a+ainst t6e donee % donee *nd*ly re*ses to s*77ort donor 6en 6e is le+ally or morally 1o*nd to +i&e s*77ort. Prescription: % year rom t6e time t6e donor 6ad noled+e o t6e a't o in+ratit*de %6*s1and and ie 'anJt donate to ea'6 ot6er %also t6ose 6o 'o6a1itate it6 ea'6 ot6er
Exception: 'an +i&e moderate +its.
&evoGed by operation of la!$ . Article 9: Donations made in s*1se*ent marria+es it6o*t G*di'ial de'laration o n*llity or in 'ase o rea77earan'e i t6e donee a'ted it6 1ad ait6. 2. Article : 6en 1ot6 s7o*ses a'ted it6 1ad ait6 t6en all donations and testamentary dis7ositions s6all 1e re&oed. ,. Article =: (Le+al se7aration) t6e oendin+ s7o*se ill 1e dis*aliied rom in6eritin+ rom inno'ent s7o*se in intestate s*''ession- 7ro&isions in a&or o t6e oendin+ s7o*se in t6e ill o t6e inno'ent s7o*se s6all 1e re&oed 1y o7eration o la. . Article 84: Donations and ot6er sti7*lations made in t6e marria+e settlement 1y reason o marria+e s6all 1e re&oed 1y o7eration o la is marria+e is not 'ele1rated /. Article 8: Donations 1eteen 6*s1and and ie (dire't or indire't)- or t6ose 6o 'o6a1it & oid a. &en i made 1y 1ot6 s7o*ses or a 7*r7ose ot6er t6an &o'ational or 7roessional. E. Donations +i&en to one 1y anot6er 6en t6ey 6a&e 'ommitted ad*ltery or 'on'*1ina+e is &oid and re&oed 1y o7eration o la. C(ID&E,: &i#hts under title 43 of civil code . entitled to 7arental 'are 2. re'ei&e at least elementary ed*'ation ,. moral and 'i&i' trainin+ . li&e in an atmos76ere 'ond*'i&e to 6is 76ysi'al- moral and intelle't*al de&elo7ment duties of the child . o1ey and 6onor 6is 7arents or +*ardian 2. res7e't 6is +rand7arents- old relati&es and t6ose it6 s*1stit*te 7arental a*t6ority. ,. ?ert 6is *tmost or 6is ed*'ation and trainin+. . Coo7erate it6 t6e amily
Le+itimate !6ose 'on'ei&ed in t6e /%day 7eriod 7rior to t6e inality o t6e de'ree o
Ille+itimate C6ildren 1orn in a &alid marria+e 1*t is im7*+ned 1y t6e at6er
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
ann*lment. Con'ei&ed or 1orn 1eore a &oida1le marria+e is terminated C6ildren 'on'ei&ed or 1orn in a &oid marria+e 7*rs*ant to arti'le 0- /2and /, C6ildren 'on'ei&ed or 1orn in a &oid marria+e 1e'a*se o 7sy'6olo+i'al in'a7a'ity @1*t i '6ild as 'on'ei&ed and 1orn 7rior to t6e marria+e- marria+e does not mae '6ild le+itimate C6ildren 'on'ei&ed and 1orn 7rior to t6e marria+e i t6ere are no le+al im7ediments at t6at time t6en t6e s*1se*ent marria+e ill mae t6em le+itimate.
C6ildren 'on'ei&ed or 1orn in a &oid marria+e Cannot 1e le+itimated$ 6en rom an ad*ltero*s relations6i7 or 1i+amo*s marria+e.
Exception to !hen parents cannot administer property: . '6ildren and des'endants o 6e 7erson disin6erited s6all tae 6is 7la'e and s6all 7reser&e ri+6ts o 'om7*lsory 6eirs it6 res7e't to le+itime. i. Arti'le. 99$ olloin+ s6all 1e s*i'ient 'a*ses or disin6eritan'e o '6ildren- des'endants . C6ild or des'endant 6as 1een o*nd +*ilty o an attem7t a+ainst t6e lie o t6e testator 6is or 6er s7o*se- des'endants or as'endants. 2. 6en t6e '6ild- des'endant 6as a''*sed t6e testator o a 'rime- 6i'6 t6e la 7res'ri1es im7risonment or E years or more- i it is o*nd to 1e +ro*ndless. ,. 6en a '6ild or d 6as 1een 'on&i'ted it6 ad*ltery or 'on'*1ina+e it6 t6e s7o*se o t6e testator. . 6en a '6ild or d 1y ra*d- &iolen'e- intimidation- or *nd*e inl*en'e 'a*ses t6e testator to mae a ill or '6an+e one 6e 6as already made. /. A re*sal it6o*t G*stiia1le 'a*se to s*77ort t6e 7arent or as'endant 6o disin6erits s*'6 '6ild or des'endant E. Maltreatment o t6e testator 1y ord or deed 1y t6e '6ild or d 5. C6ild or des'endant leads a dis6onora1le or dis+ra'e*l lie 4. Con&i'tion o a 'rime it6 'i&il interdi'tion ii. Arti'le 920$ olloin+ s6all 1e s*i'ient 'a*ses or disin6eritan'e o 7arents or as'endants- 6et6er le+itimate or ille+itimate . 6en 7arents 6a&e a1andoned t6eir '6ildren- ind*'ed t6eir da*+6ters to li&e 'orr*7t or immoral lie- or attem7ted a+ainst t6eir &irt*e 2. Parent or as'endant 6as 1een 'on&i'ted o an attem7t a+ainst t6e lie o t6e testator 6is or 6er s7o*se- des'endants or as'endants. ,. A''*sed testator o a 'rimeT . Parent or as'endant 'on&i'ted o 'on'*1ina+e it6 s7o*se o testator /. Parent or as'endant 1y ra*d- &iolen'e- *nd*e inl*en'e 'a*ses ne ill or '6an+e ill E. Loss o 7arental a*t6ority 5. Re*sal to s*77ort '6ildren or des'endants it6o*t G*stiia1le 'a*se. 4. Attem7t o one o t6e 7arents a+ainst t6e lie o t6e ot6er- *nless t6ere 6as 1een re'on'iliation iii. Arti'le 92$ disin6eritin+ a s7o*se . S7o*se 'on&i'ted o attem7t a+ainst.. 2. S7o*se a''*sed testator o 'rimeT ,. S7o*se 1y ra*d- intimidationT . S7o*se 6as +i&en 'a*se or le+al se7aration
Persons and Family Relations 2009 (Atty. Sta. Maria)
2.
/. 6en t6e s7o*se 6as +i&en +ro*nds or loss o 7arental a*t6ority. E. >nG*stiia1le re*sal to s*77ort t6e '6ildren or ot6er s7o*se 6en 7arent is in'a7a'itated to s*''eed one d*e to *nort6iness$ i. Art. 0,2$ *nort6iness . Parents a1andoned t6eir '6ildren- or ind*'ed t6eir da*+6ters to li&e a 'orr*7t or immoral lie- attem7ted a+ainst 6er &irt*e 2. Con&i'ted o an attem7t a+ainst t6e lie o t6e testator- 6is s7o*se- or des'endants or as'endants. ,. A''*sed o a 'rimeT . Any 6eir o *ll a+e 6o- 6a&in+ noled+e o t6e &iolent deat6 o t6e testator- s6o*ld ail to re7ort it to an oi'er it6in a mont6 *nless a*t6orities 6a&e already taen a'tion. (not a77li'a1le 6erein la t6ere is no o1li+ation to mae an a''*sation. /. Person 'on&i'ted or ad*ltery or 'on'*1ina+e it6 t6e s7o*se o t6e testator E. Ca*se testator to mae or '6an+e ill 5. y same means- 7re&ents one rom main+ ill- re&oin+ ill- or 'on'ealin+ ill 4. Falsiies or or+es ill o de'edent 1. In'a7a1le o s*''eedin+ i. Art. 025$ t6e olloin+ are in'a7a1le o s*''eedin+ . Priest et' 6o 6ear 'onession o testator d*rin+ 6is last illness or minister 6o e?tended s7irit*al aid to 6im 2. Relati&es o it6in t6e o*rt6 de+ree- t6e '6*r'6 or instit*tion to 6i'6 s*'6 minister may 1elon+ ,. !6ose made to a +*ardian 1y 6is ard 1eore t6e inal a''o*nts 6a&e 1een a77ro&ed *nless +*ardian is as'endant- des'endant- 1rot6er or sister or s7o*se . Any attestin+ itness to t6e e?e'*tion o a ill- t6e s7o*se- 7arents or '6ildren or an one 'laimin+ *nder s*'6 itness- s7o*se- 7arents or '6ildren. /. P6ysi'ian- s*r+eon- n*rse- et' 6o too 'are o testator d*rin+ last illness E. Indi&id*als- asso'iations- 'or7orations not 7ermitted 1y la to in6erit.
•
Pro6i1ited 'om7romise$ matters 6i'6 'annot 1e ne+otiated nor set 1y a+reement$ Ci&il stat*s Validity o marria+e or o a le+al se7aration ro*nd or le+al se7aration F*t*re s*77ort 3*risdi'tion o t6e 'o*rts F*t*re le+itimes
A1andonment$ 6e or s6e 6as let t6e 'onG*+al dellin+ it6o*t intention o ret*rnin+. A s7o*se 6o 6as let t6e 'onG*+al dellin+ or a 7eriod o , mont6s or 6as ailed it6in t6e same 7eriod to +i&e any inormation as to 6is or 6er 6erea1o*ts s6all 1e 7rima a'ie 7res*med to 6a&e no intention o ret*rnin+ to t6e 'onG*+al dellin+. (76ysi'alinan'ial and moral desertion) s7o*se 'an see or re'ei&ers6i7- G*di'ial se7aration o 7ro7erty- and sole administration a1andonment or more t6an one year 'an lead to le+al se7aration
