Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) - Direct dan Indire Indirect ct Speech Speech me merup rupak akan an mater materii gramm grammar ar bahasa bahasa Inggri Inggriss yang yang banyak banyak diajarkan di jenjang SMP dan SMA. Direct dan Indirect Speech atau yang biasa disebut Reported Speech ini menjadi langganan bentuk soal yang sering keluar di U baik untuk SMP dan SMA. Atas dasar begitu pentingnya materi Direct dan Indirect Speech ini! maka pada kesempatan kali ini penulis memberikan penjelasan mengenai Direct dan Inderct tersebut dengan lengkap kepada pengunjung sekalian. Semoga berman"aat. Direct dan Indirect Speech #etika #etika kita kita meruba merubah h kalima kalimatt langsu langsung ng menjad menjadii kalim kalimat at tidak tidak langs langsung ung!! ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan struktur kalim kalimat! at! tensis tensis!! pronou pronoun n $kata $kata ganti ganti orang% orang%!! keter keterang angan an &aktu &aktu dan tempat tempat $Ad'erbs o" time and place%. Sebelum melangkah jauh ke sub-pembahasan tersebut di atas! alangkah baiknya ada ada juga juga menge engert rtii tent tentan ang g apa apa yang yang dima dimaks ksud ud Reportin Reporting g Speech Speech dan Reported Speech. Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat direct speech yang di tandai oleh tanda petik $(% dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik $(%. •
)e said! "I have a present for you in my bag."
•
)e asked me! "hy do you come late."
Sedangkan Reported Speech adalah baigan a&al dari kalimat direct speech. •
!e said (I ha'e a present "or you in my bag.(
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!e as#ed me! me ! (&hy do you come late.(
Untuk Untuk itu! pada artikel artikel ini penulis penulis sengaja sengaja membagi membagi beberpa beberpa sub-penje sub-penjelas lasan an mengenai direct dan indirect speech berdasakan perubahan-perbuahan perubahan-perbuahan di atas.
$. Perubahan Stu#tur #alimat
*ika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech! terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu terdapat tanda petik $(%. +ada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect. #etika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech! tanda petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata (that( atau (to( $untuk kalimat perintah%. Misalnya, o Direct Speech )e said! "I ha'e a present "or you in my bag." )e asked me! " &hy do you come / late." 0 )e orderd me! "don1t bring a bag."
Indirect Speech )e said that he had a present "or me in his bag. )e asked me &hy I came late. )e ordered me to didn1t bring a bag.
Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan kalimat tanya! maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat a"irmati" $berita%. Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya (yes-no 2uestion( maka akan dirubah menjadi i"3&hether. 4ontohnya, o Direct Speech Indirect Speech +hey asked me! (Do you &ant to +hey asked me if%hether I &ant to join us to play "ootball5( join them to play "ootball. )e asked me! (Does she &ant to )e asked me if%hether she &ants to / mary me5( mary her. Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 67) 2uestion $7hy! 7ho! 7hat! 7hen! 7)ere! )o&%! maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat a"irmati" dengan cara sebagai berikut, o / 0 8 6
Direct Speech )e asked me! (&hy do you come late5( )e asked me! (&hat does she eat5( )e asked me! (&hen did you come5( )e asked me! (&ho are you5( )e asked me! (&ho is she5(
Indirect Speech )e asked me &hy you came late. )e asked me &hat she ate. )e asked me &hen I came. )e asked me &ho I &as. )e asked me &ho she &as.
&. Perubahan 'ensis ('enses) Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka! perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. #ebanyakan sis&a sulit memahami perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu! penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan tensis agar mudah dimengerti.
Di ba&ah ini adalah tabel Perubahan +enses dari direct speech ke indirect speech. o / 0 8 6 : ;
Direct Speech Simple Present Present 4ontinuous Present 9uture Present Per"ect Present Per"ect 4ontinuous Simple Past Past 4ontinuous
Indirect Speech Simple Past Past 4ontinuous Past 9uture Past Per"ect Past Per"ect 4ontinuous Past Per"ect Past Per"ect 4ontinuous
Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di ba&ah ini! yaitu, o / 0 8 6 : ; > ?
Direct Speech < $eat%
Indirect Speech
. Perubahan Pronoun Perubahan pronoun dan possessi'e tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di direct speech $kalimat langsung% yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun pada indirect speech $kalimat tidak langsung%.
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#ata ganti orang pertama $I dan e% pada reporting speech $lihat penjelasan di a&al% berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech. o Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
He said! @I am busy. / She said! @I am un&ell. 0 I said! @I &ill be late. They said! @e &ill not permit 8 this. We said! @e need to buy some 6 clothes.
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He said that he &as busy. She said that she &as un&ell. I said that I &ould be late. They said that they &ould not permit that. We said that we needed to buy some clothes.
#ata ganti orang kedua $ *ou% di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada reported speech. o Direct Speech )e said to me! @*ou ha'e to come &ith me. / She said to me! @*ou can go. 0 She said to him! @*ou can go.
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Indirect Speech )e told me that I had to go &ith him. She told me that I could go. She told him that he could go.
#ata ganti orang ketiga $!e! she! it dan they % pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.
o Direct Speech Indirect Speech )e said! @She is a good girl. )e said that she &as a good girl. / She said! @'hey ha'e in'ited us. She said that they had in'ited them. +hey said! @!e does not ha'e the +hey said that he did not ha'e the 0 necessary 2uali"ications. necessary 2uali"ications. +. Perubahan ,eterangan a#tu dan tempat (-dverbs of time and place) +idak cuma itu! dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga mempengaruhi ad'erbs khusunya ad'erb o" time $keterangan &aktu% dan ad'erb o" place $keterangan tempat%. Untuk itu anda &ajib memahami tabel di ba&ah ini. o /
Direct Speech o& +o day
0
+omorro&
8
eBt ...
Indirect Speech +hen +hat day +he neBt day +he day a"ter +he "ollo&ing day A day later +he ... a"ter +he "ollo&ing ...
6
Cast ...
:
... ago
;
esterday
> ?
+he day be"ore yesterday )ere +his +hese
+he ... be"ore +he Pre'ious ... ... be"ore ... earlier +he day be"ore +he pre'ious day +he preceeding day +&o day be"ore +here +hat +hose
Di ba&ah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas. Direct Speech )e said! EI ha'e a present "or you in $=% my bag. hereF $-%
$5%
)e said! EI do not ha'e a present "or you in my bagF
)e said that he did not ha'e a present "or me in his bag.
)e asked! EDo I ha'e a present "or you )e asked me i"3&hether he had a in my bag5F present "or me in his bag.
$5% )e asked me! E 7hy do I ha'e to ha'e a present "or you in my bag5
$G% )e ordered3commanded me! EHring my bag here no GF $G%
Indirect Speech )e said that he had a present "or me in his bag there.
)e asked me &hy he had to ha'e a present "or me in his bag.
)e ordered3commanded me to bring his bag there then.
)e ordered me! EDont bring your bag )e ordered me not to bring my bag hereGF there.
Definition Direct Speech
In grammar, direct speech is speech which is reported by using the exact words that the speaker used. When the reported speech stating the actual words, this is called direct speech (direct sentence). Sentences are not connected by "that" it shall be marked with (punctuation) comma.
Indirect Speech Indirect speech is speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the person's actual words When the reported speech gies substance to the words used by the speaker and not the actual words are called indirect speech (indirect sentence). In indirect speech sentences are associated with the word "that". !ime reporting erb orms are not changed, but the orm o reported speech time should be changed based on time reporting erb orms.
Example Direct Simple present #resent continous #resent perect continous
Indirect Simple past #ast continous #ast perect continous
#resent tense $irect% She said, & Its cold Indirect % She said that it was cold #resent continous $irect% She said, "I'm teaching nglish online." Indirect % She said that she was teaching nglish online. #resent #erect *ontinous $irect% She said, "I'e been teaching nglish or seen years." Indirect % She said that she had been teaching nglish or seen years I the reported speech related to general truths or acts that hae become habits, present indeinite or simple present in the reported speech is not transormed into the past tense is appropriate, but still +ust as adanmya, or example% $irect Speech Indirect Speech
-e said, "!he Sun ises in the east" -e said !hat the sun ises in the east In reported speech, when the present tense changed to past tense with the rules I, ad+ecties, erbs or aderbs generally modiied% $irect Speech this / this these / this come / to come here / here, oer here -ence / rom here hither / to this place ago / past now / now today / today tomorrow / tomorrow yesterday / yesterday last night / last night next week / next week thus / so example% -e said, "Will I come here". Indirect Speech !hat / was !hose / it go / go there / oer there, oer there thence / rom there thither / to that place beore / irst then / at that time that day / day !he next day next day / the preious day / the day beore the preious night / night beore !he ollowing week / next week so / so
-e said !hat he would go there 0ut i this, here, now and so indicate on the ob+ect, place or time when talking, then do not change. 1gus said, "!his is my pen". 1gus said !hat this was his pen (When talking pen in the hands o the speaker) 1) When the news reported speech sentences With this rule, reporting erb is considered in the present or uture tense and wheneer this particular case, the orm o the erb in reported speech is not changed at all in changing direct into indirect speech.
eporting erbs eported speech #resent tense 1ny tense (orm any time) $irect% She says to her riend, "I hae been writing". Indirect% She says to her riend !hat he has been writing. (2nchanged) $irect% She has toll you, "I am reading". Indirect% She has toll you !hat he is reading. (2nchanged) $irect% She Will say, "3ou hae done wrongly". Indirect% She Will tell you !hat you hae done wrongly. (2nchanged) $irect% She Will say, "!he boy Was not la4y". Indirect% !hem !hat She Will tell the boy Was not la4y. (2nchanged) 2) When the reported speech is an interrogative sentence a) eporting erb say or ask or tell conerted to in5uire. 0y repeating words and asked to change tenses when asked the 5uestion begins with the word preached. $irect -e said to me, "Where are you going6" -e said to me, "What are you doing6"
Indirect -e asked me where I was going -e in5uired o me what I was doing b) 0y using i or whether as a liaison between reporting and reported speech and erb tenses change, i the 5uestion begins with a erb reported%
$irect -e said to me, "1re you going away today6 " -e asked me, "can you come along6" Indirect -e asked me whether I was going away that day. -e asked me i I *ould come along. 7) !he sentence commands (imperatie sentences) I the reported speech is a command line, reporting erbs say or tell to be conerted into a particular erb that indicates% 8 *ommand (command), or example, ordered, commanded, etc. which means sent, ordered. 8 #recept (instructions, guidance, education), or example, adised that means adising. 8 e5uest (petition), or example, asked which means asking, begging. 8 ntreaty (a ery urgent re5uest), or example, begged that means asking, begging (ery). 8 #rohibition (ban), or example, orbade that means banning. In a change rom a direct sentence to sentence indirectly, imperatie mode should be replaced with the ininitie. Speciically, reported erb (a erb or a erb in reported speech reported) should be changed to ininitie with to. a) *ommand% $irect% -e said to his serant, "9o away at once:" Indirect% -e ordered his serant to go away at once b) #recept% $irect% She said to her son, "Study hard:" Indirect% -e adised her son to study hard c) e5uest% $irect% -e said to his riend, "#lease ;end me your pen:" Indirect% -e asked his riend to be kind enough to ;end him his pencil d) ntreaty% $irect% -e said to his master, "#ardon me, sir" Indirect% -e begged his master to pardon him.
e) #rohibition% $irect% She said to her daughter, "$o not go there" Indirect% She orbade her daughter to go there I the reporting erb say or tell is conerted into erbs reported ask, order, command, etc. (but i not orbid), the predicate is changed to the ininitie with to, which is preceded by a note or no < ininitie with to. $irect% She said to her daughter, "$o not go there" Indirect% She asked herdaughter not to go there. 4) Sentence exclamation (exclamatory sentences) When the reported speech consists o words or phrases called optatie, reporting erbs say or should be changed to tell the particular erb such as exclaim, cry out, pray etc..
a) xclamatory sentences $irect% -e said, "-urrah: =y old riend has come " Indirect% -e exclaimed with +oy !hat -ad his old riend come. b) >ptatie sentences (sentences that expressed the hope, praise, etc.) $irect% -e said, "9od bless you, my dear son" Indirect% -e prayed !hat 9od would bless his dear son
