Sudsks L{i~iaku k``ko~ mnmimg udsks qmhf lkh{hj{bbmh skjm{g lmhm khnmm~mh hmsadhmi mbmh eku{emg k`kb nmua ku{emgmh nmiml khfki{mumh mfukfm~( L{i~aiaku eku~{j{mh {h~{b lkhkumhfbmh lkhkumhfbmh khfmu{g nmua bkhmabmh m~m{ bklkudsd~mh nmiml khfki{mumh mfukfm~ bk m~ms ~ahfbm~ bkskalemhfmh nmh ~ku{~mlm bk m~ms ~ahfbm~ khnmm~mh hmsadhmi(
Smnm {l{lhqm qmhf eamsm ba~m bk~mg{a lkhfkhma Skhnmm~mh Hmsadhmi nmh qmhf j{fm ~anmb msahf emfa ba~m mnmimg FHS 'Fudss Hm~adhmi Sudn{o~!) FNS 'Fudss Ndlks~ao Sudn{o~!) nmh HHS 'Hk~ Hm~adhmi Sudn{o~!( _kku~a qmhf ~kimg ba~m bk~mg{a) emgvm Skhnmm~mh hmsadhmi nakhfmu{ga dikg khnmm~mh nmh khfki{mumh mfukfm~ s{m~{ hkfmum( Smnm mku aha bmla lklemgms ~kh~mhf ’L{i~aiaku K``ko~“ na lmhm omb{mhhqm smhfm~ i{ms ~kugmnm gmi,gmi qmhf ekug{e{hfmh nkhfmh kbdhdla nmh dia~ab) sku~m g{e{hfmh mh~mum s{m~{ Hkfmum( Nalmhm kulah~mmh mfukfm~ nakhfu{ga ku{emgmh khfki{mumh ahpks~msa(
Nmiml lkhfga~{hf khnmm~mh hmsadhmi naga~{hf nkhfmh nmua FNS 'Fudss Ndlks~ao Sudn{o~! nab{umhfa HHS 'Hk~ Hm~admhmi Sudn{o~!) mjmb ~mb imhfs{hf nmh nkuksamsa( Ah~ahqm khnmm~mh hmsadhmi nahfmu{ga dikg kulah~mmh mfukfm~ nmh khfki{mumh mfukfm~( Nmiml kuga~{hfmhhqm lkiaem~bmh lkiaem~bmh bkodhndhfmh lkhfbdhs{lsa LSO 'Lmufahmi Sudkhsa~q ~d Odhs{lk! nmh lkhme{hf LS_ 'Lmufahmi Sudkhsa~q ~d _mpahf!( _komum ~anmb imhfs{hf ahpks~msa j{fm skemfma khfki{mumh mfukfm~ lklkhfmu{ga lklkhfmu{ga eksmuhqm khnmm~mh hmsadhmi( Nkhfmh lkhff{hmbmh l{i~aiaku k``ko~ nmm~ nabk~mg{a emfmalmhm khfmu{g nmua bdhs{lsa) ahpks~msa nmh khfki{mumh klkuah~mg ~kugmnm ku{emgmh khnmm~mh hmsadhmi(
Skulah~mmh Mfukfm~ m~m{ skhfki{mumh mfukfm~
Ba~m mhffm smjm emgvm kukbdhdlamh ba~m mnmimg kukbdhdlamh ~ku~{~{ 'qma~{ ~anmb lkimb{bmh ~umhsmbsa nkhfmh i{mu hkfkua! nmh lkl{hqma ske{mg klkuah~mgmh qmhf ab{~ ’ekuekimhjm“ ’ekuekimhjm“ na msmu emumhf( Skulah~mm mfukfm~ 'mffukfm~k nklmhn! m~m{ 'nmiml kukbdhdlamh ~ku~{~{! smlm smjm nkhfmh kuhfki{mumh mfukfm~ 'mffukfm~k 'mffukfm~k kwkhna~{uk! nmua lmsqmumbm~ skomum bkski{u{gmh) qmhf ba~m ske{~ Z) ~kunaua nmua ~afm {hs{uk : 'm! kulah~mmh k`kb~a` nmua u{lmg ~mhffm mbmh emumhf,emumhf bdhs{lsa 'ba~m ske{~ O!) 'e! kulah~mmh k`kb~a` nmua skb~du udn{skh {h~{b ahpks~msa 'ba~m ske{~ A!) nmh 'o! kulah~mmh k`kb~a` nmua klkuah~mg 'F!( Jmna :
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Ba~m iagm~ skbmumhf `mb~du,`mb~du `mb~du,`mb~du mm qmhf lkhkh~{bmh lmsahf,lmsahf {hs{u kulah~mmh k`kb~a`
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Ba~m l{ima nkhfmh {hs{u O) bkl{namh {hs{u A) nmh mbgauhqm {hs{u F( Nkhfmh lklkimjmua `mb~du,`mb~du qmhf lkhkh~{bmh sk~am {hs{u kulah~mmh k`kb~a`) ba~m nkhfmh skhnauahqm easm lkhfk~mg{a `mb~du,`mb~du mm qmhf lkhkh~{bmh kulah~mmh mfukfm~ 'khfki{mumh mfukfm~!) qma~{ Z(
Qmhf lkhkh~{bmh O: sudskha~q ~d odh{lk nmh sudskha~q ~d mpk
Naske{~bmh emgvm sk~am udsks udn{bsa lkl{hqma mbaem~ fmhnm( Na sm~{ agmb) udsks ~kuske{~ lkhfgmsaibmh emumhf$jmsm qmhf sam {h~{b namsmubmh 'qma~{) lkhfgmsaibmh s{iq m~m{ khmvmumh na msmu emumhf!( Na imah agmb udsks ~kuske{~ skbmiaf{s lkhfgmsaibmh alemimh, alemimh bkmnm `mb~du,`mb~du udn{bsa qmhf naf{hmbmh nmiml udsks ~kuske{~ 'qma~{) {mg$fmja {h~{b ~khmfm bkujm) e{hfm {h~{b klaiab ldnmi) skvm {h~{b ~mhmg nmh s{leku,s{leku miml) nmh bk{h~{hfmh {h~{b mum khf{smgm!( Nkhfmh bm~m imah) udsks udn{bsa lkhfgmsaibmh khnmm~mh nmiml lmsqmumbm~ 'qma~{ emfa skb~du u{lmg ~mhffm!( _kimhj{~hqm khnmm~mh lkhale{ibmh kulah~mmh k`kb~a` nmiml msmu emumhf) qma~{ kulah~mmh k`kb~a` {h~{b emumhf,emumhf bdhs{lsa dikg skb~du u{lmg ~mhffm O( Lkh{u{~ Bkqhks 'nmh aha ekuimvmhmh nkhfmh _mq!) ~anmb skl{m nmua khfgmsaimh ~kuske{~ mbmh naekimhjmbmh {h~{b emumhf nmh jmsm( Lasmihqm gmhqm 73+,hqm m~m{ 13+,hqm smjm) sknmhfbmh sasmhqm '=3+,53+!,hqm na~me{hf(
Bkqhks ekukhnmm~ emgvm sk~am lmsqmumbm~ lkl{hqma bkeamsmmh ~ku~kh~{ lkhfkhma ekumm nmua khnmm~mh u{lmg ~mhffm qmhf naekimhjmbmh {h~{b emumhf nmh jmsm 'O! nmh ekumm qmhf na~me{hf '_!( Eamsmhqm {h~{b hkfmum,hkfmum qmhf ~ahfbm~ khfgmsaimhhqm ~ahffa) kuskh~msk nmua khfgmsaimh qmhf na~me{hf lmbah ~ahffa) 'lasmihqm ?3+,>3+! m~m{ nkhfmh imah bm~m kuskh~msk nmua khfgmsaimhhqm qmhf naekimhjmbmh ukim~a` ukhnmg) qma~{ 03+,63+( _kemiabhqm kuskh~msk qmhf na~me{hf eamsmhqm bkoai emfa hkfmum,ekfmum qmhf ~ahfbm~ khfgmsaimhhqm eki{l ~ahffa 'hkfmum,hkfmum sknmhf ekubklemhf!) l{hfbah skba~mu ;+,=3+ m~m{) kuskh~msk khfgmsaimh qmhf naekimhjmbmh mnmimg ~ahffa) skba~mu 13+,1;+( Aha ~kh~{hqm sks{ma nkhfmh khfmimlmh qmhf easm ba~m iagm~ skgmua,gmua) emgvm sklmbah eksmu khfgmsaimh skskdumhf) sklmbah eksmu emfamh nmua khfgmsaimh qmhf easm nasasagbmh {h~{b na~me{hf ~mhm am gmu{s lkhnkua~m bkb{umhfmh lmbmhmh$mbmamh nmh skemfmahqm( Skuskh~msk nmua khfgmsaimh qmhf na~me{hf nas{m~{ lmsqmumbm~ lkh{hj{bbmh kuaimb{ skb~du u{lmg ~mhffm skomum bkski{u{gmh nmiml lkhfmidbmsabmh khfgmsaimh lkukbm( Skuskh~msk aha naske{~ nkhfmh as~aimg udkhsa~q ~d smpk 'bkokhnku{hfmh {h~{b lkhme{hf! nmua lmsqmumbm~ ~kuske{~( _knmhf kuskh~msk nmua khfgmsaimh qmhf naekimhjmbmh
naske{~ udkhsa~q ~d odhs{lk 'bkokhnku{hfmh {h~{b ekubdhs{lsa!( Bmim{ s) mnmimg udkhsa~q ~d smpk) nmh o mnmimg udkhsa~q ~d odhs{lk) lmbm
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Bg{s{s {h~{b ekh~{b `{hsa bdhs{lsa jmhfbm khnkb) O < m " oQ) kui{ naeknmbmh n{m lmoml udkhsa~q ~d odhs{lk qma~{ : =
lmufahmi udkhsa~q ~d odhs{lk 'LOS!) qmhf nank`khasabmh skemfma ku{emgmh khfki{mumh
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mpkumfk udkhsa~q ~d odhs{lk 'MSO!) qmhf nank`khasabmh skemfma uddusa nmua khfgmsaimh
qmhf naekimhjmbmh {h~{b bdhs{lsa) m~m{ O < m " oQ < m " o Q QQ Emfa `{hfsa bdhs{lsa jmhfbm mhjmhf) ~kh~{ smjm LSO
Mnm n{m gmi qmhf kui{ nafmuasemvmga nasaha( Qmhf ku~mlm mnmimg LSO skgmu{shqm lkl{hqma haima mh~mum 3 nmh = 'jmna ~anmb easm ikeag eksmu nmua sm~{ m~m{ hkfm~a`) bmukhm ~anmb idfas!( Qmhf bkn{m mnmimg emgvm `{hfsa bdhs{lsa lkh{hj{bbmh kuaimb{ lmbud nmua skl{m bdhs{lkh 'skb~du u{lmg ~mhffm! nmiml s{m~{ hkfmum$nmkumg nmh e{bmhhqm kuaimb{ bdhs{lkh ahnapan{mi skku~a nmiml `{hfsa kulah~mmh labud( O lkh{hj{bbmh khfki{mumh bdhs{lsa ~d~mi nahqm~mbmh nmiml u{amg nmua lmsqmumbm~ nmh Q mnmimg khnmm~mh ~d~mi nmua lmsqmumbm~ 'FNS) FHS) Skhnmm~mh Hmsadhmi m~m{ Nasdsmeik Ahodlk) ~kufmh~{hf lmhm qmhf namhffm ikeag ododb {h~{b lmsahf,lmsahf hkfmum!(
Qmhf lkhkh~{bmh A : ~ahfbm~ e{hfm nmh lmufahmi k``aoakhoq d` omsa~mi
Ahpks~msa 'A! nasaha mnmimg khfki{mumh 'naga~{hf nmiml j{~mmh u{amg! dikg skb~du udn{skh 'svms~m! {h~{b klekiamh emumhf,emumhf$jmsm {h~{b ~{j{mh ahpks~msa) qma~{ {h~{b khmlemgmh s~db na f{nmhf m~m{ {h~{b ki{msmh meuab( Mm qmhf lkhkh~{bmh eksmu bkoaihqm khfki{mumh {h~{b ahpks~msa4 Mmbmg ba~m easm lkhfmleai mhmidfa nmua khfki{mumh {h~{b bdhs{lsa 'O!) nmh lkhfm~mbmh emgvm skb~du udn{skh {h ekukuaimb{ sku{m nkhfmh s kb~du u{lmg ~mhffm) qma~{ lklekimhjmbmh skemfamh nmua ' m~m{ ski{u{g! khfgmsaimh lkukbm) lasmihqm qmhf eku{m
“bk{h~{hfmh ku{smgmmh“4
Jmvme {h~{b ku~mhqmmh aha mnmimg ~anmb m~m{ ~anmb ski{u{ghqm ekhmu( _kb~du udn{skh 'm~m{ skb~du ku{smgmmh! ekueknm nkhfmh skb~du u{lmg ~mhffm nmiml n {m gmi qmhf lkhqmhfb{~ :m! lmoml m~m{ ~{j{mh khfki{mumh nmh e! bkl{hfbahmh,bkl{hfbahmh qmhf ~kue{bm {h~{b kleamqmmh khfki{mumh ~kuske{~(
Lkhfkhma lmoml m~m{ ~{j{mh khfki{mumh) skb~du udn{bsa 'skb~du ku{smgmmh! lklekia emumhf e{bmh {h~{b ~{j{mh bdhs{lsa 'skku~a skb~du u{lmg ~mhffm!) ~k~ma {h~{b ~{j{mh ahpks~msa( Aha ekumu~a emgvm emumhf,emumhf ~kuske{~ naekia nkhfmh gmummh {h~{b lkhfgmsaibmh bk{h~{hfmh bkl{namh gmua( Aha skimhj{~hqm ekumu~a emgvm ku~alemhfmh,ku~alemhfmh qmhf namleai dikg ku{smgmmh nmiml lkl{~{sbmh mmbmg lklekia m~m{ ~anmb lklekia emumhf,emumhf$jmsm,jmsm ~kuske{~ mnmimg gmummh nmua khf{smgm mbmh bkl{hfbahmh bk{h~{hfmh qmhf easm nakudikg 'nkhfmh lkhj{mi bkl{namh emumhf,emumhf ~kuske{~) m~m{ lkhff{hmbmh {h~{b udsks udn{bsa!( Gmummh bk{h~{hfmh ahaimg qmhf lku{mbmh `mb~du {~mlm nmiml bk{~{smh ~kuske{~( Aha ekueknm nkhfmh u{lmg ~mhffm qmhf lklekia sks{m~{ emumhf m~ms nmsmu bke{~{gmhhqm(
Lkhfkhma bkl{hfbahmh kleamqmmh {h~{b klekiamh emumhf,emumhf ~kuske{~) ku{smgmmh lkl{hqma bkl{hfbahmh qmhf ikeag i{ms( Bg{s{shqm) ku{smgmmh ~anmb kui{ gmu{s lkhnmsmubmh ukhomhm klekiamh emumhfhqm ' {h~{b ~{j{mh ahpks~msa! m~ms nmsmu {mhf m~m{ “khfgmsaimh“ qmhf skbmumhf mnm nmiml bms ku{smgmmh( Sku{smgmmh lkl{hqma bksklm~mh qmhf ikeag eksmu {h~{b lklkudikg nmhm nmua iklemfm,iklemfm b{mhfmh lasmihqm eku{m ahjmlmh {h~{b ahpks~msa( Jmna msmi smjm ku{smgmmh ~kuske{~ easm lkh{hj{bbmh emgvm “udqkb“ hqm) lkh{u{~ kuga~{hfmh qmhf ~kia~a) mbmh easm lkhfgmsaibmh bk{h~{hfmh qmhf o{b{ eksmu nalmsm lkhnm~mhf) lmbm emhb,emhb m~m{ iklemfm,iklemfm bk{mhfmh imah l{hfbah skbmia mbmh ekusknam lkleamqma ski{u{g m~m{ sk~anmb,~anmbhqm skemfamh nmua eamqm qmhf na kui{bmh {h~{b “udqkb“ ahpks~msa ~kuske{~( Jmna bk{~{smh klekiamh emumhf {h~{b ahpks~msa ~anmbimg emhqmb ~kufmh~{hf mnm nmhm qmhf skbmumhf nalaiaba ku{smgmmh( ^kh~{hqm gmi lkhfkhma l{nmg ~anmbhqm lklkudikg nmhm ~kufmh~{hf j{fm mh~mum imah mnm `mb~du,`mb~du skku~a eksmu bkoaihqm ku{smgmmh) khfmimlmh nmh edhm`ana~ms ku{smgmmh) nmh l{hfbah j{fm mnm bdhkbsa ku{smgmmh( Sku{smgmmh qmhf bkoai nmh eki{l ~kuhmlm edhm`asa~mshqm nmh) mm imfa qmhf ~anmb lkl{hqma bdhkbsa ku{smgmmh) mbmh ~kumbsm lkhfmhnmibmh mnm nmhm skhnaua qmhf mnm nmiml bms ku{smgmmh m~m{ nmiml ~me{hfmh klaiabhqm2 nmh mbmh ekukuaimb{ ~anmb jm{g ekueknm nkhfmh u{lmg ~mhffm) qma~{ lkle{m~ ukhomhm ekimhjm emumhf$jmsm {h~{b ahpks~msa m~ms nmsmu “khfgmsaimh“hqm qmhf mnm( Hml{h skomum {l{l easm nabm~mbmh emgvm) naemhnahf nkhfmh u{lmg ~mhffm 'm! ku{smgmmh lkl{hqma bksklm~mh ikeag
eksmu {h~{b lkhff{hmbmh nmhm ikeag eksmu nmuamnm nmhm qmhf nalaiabahqm {h~{b ukhomhm ekimhjm emumhfhqm) nmh 'e! `mb~du gmummh bk{h~{hfmh smhfm~ lkhkh~{bmh( Jmna eksmu bkoaihqm A ~anmb ~kuimi{ ~kufmh~{hf mnm Q skku~a gmihqm O(
Bkn{m mskb qmhf lklkhfmu{ga bk{~{smh ku{smgmmh {h~{b lkhkh~{bmh eksmuhqm A ~kuske{~ kui{ ba~m emgms ikeag imhj{~ bmukhm bkn{mhqm ekug{e{hfmh kum~ nkhfmh mnmhqm msmu qmhf bkn{m qma~{ msmu {mhf(
m! Bkl{hfbahmh lkhff{hmbmh nmhm dumhf imah( Sku{smgmmh M) m~m{ klaiabhqm easm lklahjml {mhf lasmihqm nmua bkhmimhhqm( Sku{smgmmh E lklkudikg bukna~ ahpks~msa nmua emhb umbqm~ ahndhksam( Sku{smgmmh O lkhfki{mubmh smgml,smgml emu{ qmhf na j{mi bkmnm lmsqmumbm~ {l{l( Bk~afm ku{smgmmh aha lklkudikg nmhm {h~{b ahpks~msahqm nmua msmu {mhf qmhf ba~m lmbs{n nmiml ~kdua lmbud( Sku{smgmmh M lklkudikg nmhm nmua emfamh msmu {mhf qmhf na ske{~ msmu {mhf ~anmb uksla 'ah`dulmi ldhkq lmubk~!( Sku{smgmmh E lklkudikg emfamh nmua msmu {mhf qmhf na ske{~ skb~du kuemhbmh 'Emhbahf skb~du!( Sku{smgmmh O lklkudikg nmhmhqm nmua emfamh msmu {mhf qmhf naske{~ msmu s{um~ ekugmufm 'naske{~ {im nkhfmh e{usm k`kb m~m{ msmu ldnmi!(
Emab msmu {mhf qmhf “uksla“ lml{h qmhf “~anmb uksla“ lkl{hqma `{hfsa kbdhdlas qmhf smlm) qma~{ lkhfg{e{hfbmh mh~mum lkukbm qmhf lkle{~{~gbmh nmhm 'ku{smgmmh,ku{smgmmh! nmh lkukbm qmhf “bkikeagmh“ nmhm '{eiab m~m{ skb~du u{lmg ~mhffm nkhfmh ~me{hfmhhqm!( Emhb nmh e{usm k`kb gmhqm lku{mbmh iklemfm,iklemfm {h~{b lklkul{nmg ku~kl{mh mh~mum bkn{m agmb aha( ^k~ma) skku~a odh~dg ku{smgmmh M) ~umhsmbsa ahjml lklahjml nmhm aha ~anmb kui{ ikvm~ iklemfm iklemfm ldnkuh skku~a a~{( Nmh emfa hkfmum,hkfmum sknmhf ekubklemhf) lasmihqm ahndhksam skb~du msmu {mhf ~anmb uksla o{b{ kh~ahf kumhmhqm) ~ku{~mlm nmiml lkhfg{e{hfbmh ku{smgmmh bkoai nkhfmh khme{hf bkoai ~mhm gmu{s lkimi{a sqmum~ mnlahas~umsa qmhf ekfa~{ ukd~(
_kku~a nmiml msmu,msmu imah)nmiml msmu {mhf aha {h ~kunmm~mg khmvmumh nmh kulah~mmh mbmh nmhm) nmh nmiml msmu aha na ~kh~{bmh pdi{lk nmhm qmhf na ahjmlbmh nmh ~ahfbm~ e{hfm “ gmu~m“ nmua nmhm ~kuske{~(
Nmua skfa imah) ~ahfbm~ e{hfm j{fm lku{mbmh eamqm qmhf emu{ qmhf gmu{s na emqmu dikg sk~am khf{hmmh nmhm {h~{b ~{j{mh ahpks~msa) nii( Skhfku~amh ~ahfbm~ e{hfm skemfma eamqm aha) ekuimb{ j{fm emfa lkukbm qmhf lklaiaba nmhm skhnaua bmukhm uahsahqm ku{smgmmh qmhf
lklaiaba nmhm skhnaua easm lklahjml bmh nmhmhqm mnm {mhf msmu nmh lklkudikg khfgmsaimh e{hfm skeksmu ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{( Jmna mmbmg nmhm laiab skhnaua m~m{ e{bmh) ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ lmsag easm ~k~m namhffm skemfma eamqm khff{hmmh nmhm(
e! @mb~du bk{h~{hfmh qmhf na gmumbmh Bk{h~{hfmh qmhf na gmumbmh eamsmhqm nahqm~mbmh nmiml n{m nalkhsa : =( Nalkhsa qmhf lkh{hj{bbmh ekumm eksmu bk{h~{hfmh qmhf mbmh nakudikg {h~{b sk~am u{amg qmhf na~mhmlbmh) nmh 5( Nalkhsa vmb~{ qmhf lkh{hj{bbmh ekumm imlm miaumh bk{h~{hfmh aha ekuimhfs{hf(
Eksmuhqm bk{h~{hfmh easm nahqm~mbmh nmiml “bk{h~{hfmh bd~du“ nmiml kuskh~msk ku ~mg{h 'm~m{ sm~{mh vmb~{ imahhqm!( Lasmihqm bk{h~{hfmh bd~du qmhf nagmumbmh mnmimg ;3+) aha ekumu~a emgvm sk~am ~mg{hhqm {h~{b sk~am u{amg qmhf na~mhml easm lkhfgmsaibmh ¼ u{amg bk{h~{hfmh 'skeki{l e{hfmh naemqmu!( Nalkhsa vmb~{ lkh{hj{bbmh ekumm imlm miaumh bk{h~{hfmh ;3+ aha ekuimhfs{hf) m~m{ ekumm imlm {l{u kbdhdlas nmua ahpks~msa ~kuske{~) lasmihqm =3~gh(
_kemfma odh~dg : ba~m lklekia ske{mg ~u{b skgmufm U = j{~m qmhf easm lkhfgmsaibmh bk{h~{hfmh bd~du 'sk~kimg nkuksamsa nakuga~{hfbmh! U ;33 uae{ sk~am ~mg{hhqm 'm~m{ ;3+ ku ~mg{h! smlma =3 ~mg{h( Smnm mbgau ~mg{h bksk{i{g {mhf qmhf ba~m ~mhmlbmh s{nmg bklemia 'nmua nmhm khq{s{~mh! nmh ~u{b ba~m skomum kbdhdlas “gmeas“( ^k~ma skimlm =3 ~mg{h ~kuske{~ ba~m lkhkualm U ¼ j{~m sk~am ~mg{hhqm( Skui{ naom~m~ emgvm khfgmsaimh skeksmu U ¼ j{~m ~kuske{~ mnm vmb~{ sa khf{smgm lkl{~{sbmh lkimb{bmh klekiamh ~u{b gmhqmimg lku{mbmh gmsai,gmsai kuga~{hfmh na m~ms bku~ms m~m{ bk{h~{hfmh qmhf nagmumbmh( Nmiml bkhqm~mmhhqm hmh~a) l{hfbah bmib{imsa khf{smgm ~kuske{~ lkiksk~) lasmihqm bmukhm ~u{b ~kuske{~ ~kuhqm~m ~anmb easm lklkudikg l{m~mh skomum kh{g skku~a qmhf nagmumbmh skl{im) m~m{ ~kuhqm~m dhfbds kbsida~msahqm ikeag ~ahffa$ukhnmg nmuamnm bmib{imsa skl{im( Nkhfmh nklabamh) bkhqm~mmh ~anmb sks{ma nkhfmh gmummh( ^k~ma qmhf kui{ na~kbmhbmh nasaha mnmimg emgvm khf{smgm ~kuske{~ gmu{s lkle{m~ ~m`saumh skemab l{hfbah) m~ms nmsmu khfmimlmh nmh khfk~mg{mhhqm skhnaua m~m{ dumhf imah 'bdhs{i~mh!) lkhfkhma ekumm eksmu bk{h~{hfmh qmhf nagmumbmh) nmh bkl{namh lkhkh~{bmh mmbmg ahpks~msa 'klekiamh ~u{b! ~kuske{~ mbmh naimbsmhmh m~m{ ~anmb(
Nmiml ~kdua lmbud Bkqhks) bk{~{smh mmbmg s{m~{ ahpks~msa mbmh naimbsmhmbmh m~m{ ~anmb) ~kufmh~{hf bkmnm kuemhnahfmh mh~mum eksmuhqm bk{h~{hfmh qmhf nagmumbmh 'qmhf nahqm~mbmh nmiml kuskh~msk ku sm~{mh vmb~{! na sm~{ agmb nmh eamqm khff{hmmh nmhm m~m{ ~ahfbm~ e{hfm na imah agmb( Bmim{ skmhnmahqm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ na msmu {mhf mnmimg 5 kuskh sk~am
e{imh 'm~m{ 5>+ sk~mg{hhqm!) lmbm ahpks~msa klekiamh ~u{b ~kuske{~ lmsag lkhf{h~{hfbmh) bmukhm bk{h~{hfmh bd~du qmhf nagmumbmh mnmimg ;3+) jmna lkikeaga dhfbds khff{hmmh nmhm( Ba~m bm~mbmh emgvm bk{h~{hfmh ekusag qmhf nagmumbmh mnmimg ;3+,5>+ < 50+ ku ~mg{h {h~{b =3 ~mg{h( Jmna bmim{ khf{smgm ~kuske{~ “umsadhmi“ ~kh~{img ahpks~msa ~kuske{~ mbmh naimbsmhmbmh dikghqm( ^k~ma skmhnmahqm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ mnmimg ;+ ske{imh) aha ekumu~a emgvm eamqm khff{hmmh nmhm mnmimg skeksmu 03+ sk~mg{h( Nmh ahpks~msa ~kuske{~ ~anmbimg lkhf{h~{hfbmh) bmukhm eamqm khff{hmmh nmhm lkikeaga bk{h~{hfmh qmhf nagmumbmh( Nmiml gmi aha bku{famh hk~~d qmhf nagmumbmh mnmimg skeksmu =3+ sk~mg{hhqm {h~{b =3 ~mg{h( _a khf{smgm gmu{s lkhomua ahpks~msa imah qmhf ikeag lkhf{h~{hfbmh(
Skuga~{hfmh sklmoml aha ekuimb{ emfa lkukbm qmhf lklahjml lm{{h qmhf lklaiaba nmhm skhnaua( _kemehqm mnmimg eaim lasmihqm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm mnmimg ;+ ku e{imh) lmbm emfa khf{smgm qmhf lklaiaba nmhm skhnaua mbmh ikeag eku{h~{hf {h~{b lklahjmlbmh nmhmhqm na msmu {mhf nmh lklkudikg khfgmsaimh e{hfm skeksmu ;+ ske{imh nmuamnm lkhff{hmbmhhqm {h~{b lklekia ~u{b ~kuske{~ nmh lkhmhff{hf bku{famh skeksmu =3+ sk~mg{h skimlm =3 ~mg{h( Nmiml ~kdua Bkqhks) ~ahfbm~ bk{h~{hfmh qmhf nagmumbmh aha naske{~ nkhfmh as~aimg Lmufahmi K``aoakhoq d` Oma~mi 'LKO!(
_komum uahfbms : Eaim bk{h~{hfmh qmhf nagmumbmh 'LKO! mnmimg ikeag eksmu nmuamnm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm) lmbm ahpks~msa naimbsmhmbmh( Eaim LKO ikeag bkoai nmuamnm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm) lmbm ahpks~msa ~anmb naimbsmhmbmh( Eaim LKO < ~ahfbm~ e{hfm) lmbm ahpks~msa edikg naimbsmhmbmh edikg ~anmb emfa lkukbm qmhf lklaiaba nmhm(
Nmua {umamh nam~ms nabk~mg{a emgvm ekumm ~ahfbm~ khfki{mumh ahpks~msa qmhf naahfahbmh dikg mum ahpks~du na~kh~{bmh dikg n{m gmi) qma~{ ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ nmh Lmufahmi K``aoakhoq d` Oma~mi( Skuaimb{ lmbud nmua mum ahpks~du aha eamsmhqm nauahfbms nmiml ekh~{b sm~{ `{hfsa q mhf naske{~ `{hfsa Lmufahmi K``aoakhoq d` Oma~mi m~m{ `{hfsa ahpks~msa( @{hfsa LKO m~m{ `{hfsa ahpks~msa lkh{hj{bbmh g{e{hfmh mh~mum ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ nkhfmh ~ahfbm~ khfki{mumh ahpks~msa qmhf naahfahbmh dikg mum ahpks~du(
Omum lkh{u{hbmh `{hfsa ahpks~msa ~kuske{~ mnmimg skemfma ekuab{~:
Lasmihqm) {h~{b l{nmghqm) mnm s{m~{ vmb~{ ~kusknam na nmiml lmsqmumbm~ ; udqkb ahpks~msa qmhf l{hfbah {h~{b na imbsmhmbmh dikg mum ahpks~du) lmsahf,lmsahf nkhfmh LKO skemfma ekuab{~:
Sudqkb Haima Ahpks~msa LKO '+! *! ' U J{~m ! M =33 ;3 E 533 >3 O ;3 ?; N =;3 53 K 6; =;
*! Nahqm~mbmh nmiml ~ahfbm~ bk{h~{hfmh ~mg{hmh(
_kbmumhf ba~m easm lkhmhqmbmh gmi skemfma ekuab{~( Bmim{ skmhnmahqm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ mnmimg >+ ku e{imh 'm~m{ >7+ ku ~mg{h!) ekummbmg ~ahfbm~ khfki{mumh ahpks~msa qmhf naahfahbmh dikg mum ahpks~du4 Jmvmehqm mnmimg U =33j{~m) bmukhm mnm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm sk~ahffa aha gmhqm udqkb M smjm qmhf lkhf{h~{hfbmh ~hfbm~ e{hfm sk~ahffa aha gmhqm udqkb M smjm qmhf lkhf{h~{hfbmh {h~{b naimbsmhmbmh( _kmhnmahqm skbmumhf ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ e{bmh >+$e{imh) ~k~ma ?+$e{imh) ekummbmg ~ahfbm~ khfki{mumh ahpks~msa qmhf naahfahbmh4 Jmvmehqm mnmimg ?33j{~m) bmukhm mnm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm aha '?0+ ku~mg{h! mnm n{m udqkb qmhf lkhf{h~{hfbmh {h~{b naimbsmhmhmbmh) qma~{ udqkb M 'U =33 j{~m! nmh udqkb E 'U 533 j{~m!( Nklabamh sk~ku{shqm) ba~m easm lkhfkl{bmbmh ku~mhqmmh qmhf sku{m {h~{b ~ahfbm~ e{hfm 5+$e{imh) =+$e{imh( Jmvmemh nmua ku~mhqmmh,ku~mhqmmh skku~a a~{ easm na~me{imsabmh skemfma ekuab{~:
^ahfbm~ E{hfm qmhf Ekuimb{ Haima ahpks~msa ^d~mi qmhf naahfahbmh ' + ku e{imh! ' U j{~m!
; 3 >
=33
? ?33 5 ?;3 = ;6;
^meki aha easm nafmlemubmh nmiml ekh~{b b{upm qmhf lkhfg{e{hfbmh mh~mum ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ nkhfmh khfki{mumh ahpks~msa qmhf naahfahbmh dikg mum ahpks~du( Nmh b{upm aha ~anmb imah mnmimg b{upm `{hfsa ahpks~msa ' m~m{ `{hfsa LKO !(
^afm gmi qmhf kui{ nafmuas emvmga lkhfkhma `{hfsa ahpks~msa( Sku~mlm) `{hfsa ~kuske{~ lkl{hqma sidk qmhf hkfm~a`) mu~ahqm sklmbah ukhnmg ~ahfbm~ e{hfm sklmbah eksmu ~ahfbm~ khfki{mumh ahpks~msa qmhf naahfahbmh 'm~m{ naukhomhmbmh {h~{b naimbsmhmbmh!( Bkn{m) nmiml bkhqm~mmh `{hfsa sklmoml a~{ s{ia~ {h~{b na kudikg skeme dsasahqm smhfm~ imeai 'l{nmg eku{emg nmiml jmhfbm vmb~{ qmhf sahfbm~!( Bkimeaimh `{hfsa ahpks~msa aha mbmh skfkum easm namgmla eaim ba~m ahfm~ emgvm dsasahqm smhfm~ ~kufmh~{hf mnm haima,haima LKO nmua udqkb,udqkb qmhf mnm nmh emgvm LKO mnmimg bk{h~{hfmh qmhf nagmumbmh dikg ahpks~du( Nmh dikg bmukhm nanmsmubmh m~ms gmummh lmsm nkmh m~m{ kwko~m~adhs 'jmna m~msm nmsmu kuga~{hfmh qmhf s{eqkb~a`!) lmbm LKO sks{m~{ udqkb easm smjm eku{emg nmua gmua bk gmua nmh kbm ~kugmnm ku{emgmh bdhnasa sdsad,kbdhdlas,dia~as hkfmum( Lasmihqm) mnmhqm fkjdimb dia~ab na s{m~{ nmkumg) nksms,nks{s mbmh mnmhqm 'lasmihqm! nkpmi{msa m~m{ klem~msmh aldu) mbmh imhfs{hf lkhf{emg khaimamh s{eqkb~a` ahpks~du ~kugmnm sks{m~{ udqkb( Bmukhm ekfa~{ emhqmbhqm `mb~du qmhf easm lklkhfmu{ga LKO) lmbm dsasa `{hfsa ahpks~msa {h mbmh smhfm~ l{nmg eku{emg( Bkimeaimh `{hfsa ahpks~msa aha lku{mbmh khjkimsmh ~kdua~as nmua Bkqhks lkhfkhma `mb~m qmhf naske{~bmh ~kunmg{i{) qma~{ emgvm nmiml bkhqm~mmh khfki{mumh ahpks~msa 'A! lkh{hj{bbmh fkjdimb hmab ~{u{h qmhf s{ia~ nan{fm nmua vmb~{ bk vmb~{( Bkimeaimh aha mnmimg sm~{ oaua qmhf lkleknmbmh nkhfmh {hs{u,{hs{u kulah~mmh mfukfm~ qmhf imah 'O)F!( Gmi qmhf bk~afm qmhf kui{ na~kbmhbmh mnmimg g{e{hfmh mh~mum ~kdua ahpks~msa Bkqhks ~kuske{~ na~kbmhbmh nkhfmh bkhqm~mmh) bg{s{shqm lkhfkhma lmsmimg ~kusknamhqm nmhm ahpks~msa( ^kdua Bkqhks nanmsmubmh m~ms mhffmmh emgvm mnm ~ahfbm~ e{hfm qmhf ekuimb{ sk~am ahpks~du easm lklkudikg nmhm ekumm{h qmhf am kui{bmh {h~{b lkleamqma udqkb,udqkb qmhf am mhffm lkhf{h~{hfbmh {h~{b naimbsmhmbmh( Qmhf lklem~msa j{limg j{limg ahfah am ahpks~msabmh gmhqmimg khaimamhhqm lkhfkhma LKO udqkb,udqkb qmhf ~kue{bm emfahqm( Nmiml bkhqm~mmh skuahfbmia naj{lma bkmnmmh qmhf skemiabhqm) qma~{ emhqmbhqm udqkb qmhf lkhf{h~{hfbmh 'LKO ~ahffa! ~k~ma s{ia~ {h~{b lklkudikg nmhm {h~{b lkleamqma skl{mhqm( Bks{ia~mh lklkudikg bukna~ nmua emhb) lasmihqm) lkhfmbaem~bmh ~ahfbm~ ahpks~msa qmhf naukmiasmsabmh ikeag bkoai bkoai nmua ~ahfbm~ ahpks~msa qmhf naahfabmh( Bg{s{shqm nmiml lmsm,lmsm “{mhf bk~m~“) lasmihqm bmukhm klem~msmh bukna~ emhb nmh j{limg {mhf qmhf ekuknmu qmhf na~{j{bmh {h~{b lkhfkhnmiabmh ah`imsa) j{limg nmhm qmhf ~kusknam'nmh e{bmh LKO! qmhf lkhkh~{bmh eksmuhqm A( Bms{s imah mnmimg bms{s “~khfmg,~khfmg“) na lmhm eamqm nmhm 'm~m{ ~ahfbm~ e{hfm! lmbah lkhmab nkhfmh lmbah emhqmbhqm j{limg nmhm qmhf nalah~m(
