PEMECAHAN MASALAH KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA
MODUL : PRIORITAS MASALAH KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA LBM : 3 (TIGA) TOPIK : PROBLEM SOLVING SOLVING KESEHAT KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA HARI HA RI/T /TA ANGGA NGGAL L : KAMIS MIS /23 /23 DESE DESEMB MBE ER 201 010 0
I.
Dasar !"#$#ra%
II.
Sasara% P! P!"&!'aara% a. Maas#s*a Maas#s*a "a"+ "a"+ "!'a$+$a% "!'a$+$a% #,!%-# #,!%-#$as $as## "asa'a $!s!a $!s!a-a% -a% &. Maas#s*a "a"+ "!'a$+$a% "!'a$+$a% r#r#-as -!ra,a "asa'a $!s!a-a% $!s!a-a% ,!%a% &!r&aa# "!-,! . Maas#s*a Maas#s*a "a"+ "a"+ "!'a$+$ "!'a$+$a% a% a%a'#s#s a%a'#s#s !%!& !%!&a& a& "asa'a "asa'a
III.
Dasar -!r# P!"!aa% "asa'a $!s!a-a% a,a'a s+a-+ rs!s a% ,#'a$+$a% '! s!$!'"$ s!$!'"$ ra% ,!%a% "!-,! -!r-!%-+ +%-+$ "!%!%-+$a% +r+-a% ,a'a" !"!aa% s+a-+ "asa'a ,!%a% &!r&aa# "!-,! A. Masa'a Masa'a : A,a%a A,a%a $!s!%a $!s!%a%a% %a% a%-ara a%-ara $!a,a $!a,aa% a% a% a% ,##%#%$ ,##%#%$a% a% ,!%a ,!%a% % $!a,aa% a% %a-a/$!a,aa% %a-a/$!a,aa% a% -!ra,# B. Kr#-!r Kr#-!r#a #a : a$a$-r r45a 45a$- $-rr a% a% ,aa,aa- "!%!% "!%!%-+$ -+$a% a% -#% -#%# # r!%, r!%,a% a%a a %#'a# %#'a# !r"asa'aa% S!#%a "asa'a a% sa-+ ,!%a% "asa'a a% 'a#%%a ,aa- ,#&!,a$a%. 6. S$r : !"&!r#a% %#'a# -!ra,a "asa'a D. B& B&-: D!r D!ra aa a- $! $!!% !%--#% #%a% ,ar ,ar## -#a -#a r# r#-! -!rr#a La%$a4'a%$a La%$a4'a%$a ,a'a" !"!aa% "asa'a : P!%!-aa% "asa'a
Pr#r#-as "asa'a
P!%#'a#a%
A%a'#sa P!%!&a&
P!'a$sa%aa%
P!"!aa% "asa'a
A'-!r%a-#5 P!"!aa%
P!%a"&#'a% K!+-+sa%
R!%a%a !'a$sa%aa% (RKO)
A. Penetapan masalah U%-+$ "!%!-a+# aa$a #-+ "asa'a "a$a !r'+ ,#$!-a+# "!%!%a# !%!r-#a% "asa'a7 a#-+ a,a%a $!s!%a%a% a%-ara araa%/-++a% a% #%#% ,#aa# ,!%a% $!%a-aa% a% s!s+%+%a s!#%a "!%#"&+'$a% rasa -#,a$ +as. D!%a% ,!"#$#a% +%-+$ "!"+-+s$a% a,a%a "asa'a !r'+ -#a sara- a% ar+s ,#!%+#7 a#-+ : 1. A,a%a $!s!%+a%a% 2. A,a%a rasa -#,a$ +as 3. A,a%a rasa -a%+% a*a& +%-+$ "!%a%+'a%# "asa'a Da'a" !%!-aa% "asa'a ar+s ,#$!-a+# $!a,aa% s!$ara% ,a% $!a,aa% a% ,##%#%$a%7 ,ar# as#' "!"&a%,#%$a% $!,+a $!a,aa% -!rs!&+- $!"+,#a% ,#ar# "a%a a% &!'+"/-#,a$ "!"+as$a% "!r+a$a% $!s!%a%a%/"asa'a. B. Prioritas masalah 1. M!-,! Ha%'% K+a%-#-a-#5 2. M!-,! Ha%'% K+a'#-a-#5 C. Analisa penyebab Masalah A%a'#sa !%!&a& "asa'a "!r+a$a% $!#a-a% +%-+$ "!%$a#-$a% "asa'a ,!%a% 5a$-r !%!&a&%a. U%-+$ a%a'#sa !%!&a& "asa'a ,aa- ,#+%a$a% ,!%a% &!r&aa# "!-,! a#-+ : 1. A%a'#s#s -+'a% #$a% (#s &r% a%a's#s) 2. A%a'#s#s ss-!" 3. P!%,!$a-a% HL B'+" 8. A%a'#s#s E#,!"#'# 9. P% "asa'a (Pr&'!" -r!!)
PENETAPAN PIOITAS MASALAH METODE HANLON K!ALITATI" Pr#%s# ,asar !%!-aa% r#r#-as "asa'a #%# a,a'a "!"&a%,#%$a% !%-#%%a "asa'a sa-+ ,!%a% a% 'a#%%a ,!%a% ara "a-#% +%-+$ -#a4-#a "asa'a. La%$a4'a%$a !%!-aa% : 1. B+a- "a-r#$ 2. T+'#s s!"+a "asa'a a,a s+"&+ !r-#a' ,a% r#;%-a' 3. Ba%,#%$a% "a- : "asa'a a% a,a 'a$s,a%a$a% !%#'a#a% ,!%a% $!-!%-+a% s!&aa# &!r#$+-: a. <#$a "asa'a a,a $'" $#r# '!&# !%-#% ,ar# a-as%a &!r# -a%,a (=) a,a $-a$%a ,a% aa&#'a $a'a !%-#% &!r#$a% -a%,a (4) a,a $-a$%a. &. K!ra$a% a%a a% s!&!'a $a%a% ,ar# ar#s ,#a%a' . <+"'a$a% -a%,a (=) s!ara r#;%-a' ,a% "as+$$a% a,a $-a$ --a' (=) r#;%-a'
,. <+"'a$a% -a%,a (4) s!ara !r-#a' ,a% "as+$$a% a,a $-a$ --a' (4) !r-#a' !. P#%,a$a% as#' !%+"'aa% a,a $-a$ --a' (=) r#;%-a' ,# &a*a $-a$ (4) !r-#a'7 +"'a$a% as#' !r-#a' ,a% r#;%-a' ,a% "as+$$a% a,a $-a$ --a'.
KRITERIA >ANG DIPAKAI : 1. MENDESAK (URGEN6>) P!r-#"&a%a% #%# ,ar# as!$ *a$-+ 7 "as# ,aa- ,#-+%,a a-a+ ar+s s!!ra ,#-a%+'a%#. S!"a$#% !%,!$ -!a% *a$-+%a s!"a$#% "!%,!sa$ +%-+$ ,#-a%+'a%#. 2. KEGA?ATAN (SERIOUSNESS) B!sar%a a$#&a- a-a+ $!r+#a% a% ,#%a-a$a% ,a'a" &!sara% $+a%-#-a-#5 &!raa r+#a7 ra%7 ,''. 3. PERKEMBANGAN (GRO?TH) $!!%,!r+%a% a-a+ !r$!"&a%a% a$#&a- ,ar# s+a-+ !r"asa'aa%. S!"a$'#% &!r$!"&a% "asa'a s!"a$#% ,#r#r#-as$a%.
#. Kriteria !r$en%y &men'esa() Masa'a
ISPA
ISPA DIARE
DIARE
TB6
4
4 =
TB6
HIPERTEN SI = =
TOTAL HORISONTAL 1 2
=
1
HIPERTENSI
0
T-a' V!r-#$a'
0
1
1
0
T-a' Hr#s%-a'
1
2
1
0
T O T A L
1
3
2
0
*. Kriteria Serio+sness &(e$a,atan) Masa'a ISPA DIARE TB6
ISPA
DIARE
TB6 4
HIPERTEN SI =
TOTAL HORISONTAL 1
4
=
=
2
=
1
HIPERTENSI
0
T-a' V!r-#$a'
0
1
1
0
T-a' Hr#s%-a'
1
2
1
0
T O T A L 1 3 2 -. Kriteria ro,th &per(emban$an)
0
Masa'a
ISPA
DIARE
TB6
4 ISPA DIARE
4
HIPERTEN SI 4
TOTAL HORISONTAL 0
=
=
2
=
1
TB6 HIPERTENSI
0
T-a' V!r-#$a'
0
1
1
0
T-a' Hr#s%-a'
0
2
1
0
T O T A L
0
3
2
0
/. Prioritas Masalah Masa'a ISPA DIARE TB6 HIPERTENSI
U 1 3 2 0
S 1 3 2 0
G 0 3 2 0
T-a' 2 @ 0
Pr#r#-as III I II IV
KESIMPULAN : Masa'a a% !r'+ ,#r#r#-as$a% a,a'a : DIARE
METODE HANLON K!ANTITATI" T!0!AN 1 1. I,!%-#$as# 5a$-r45a$-r '+ar ,aa- ,##$+-s!r-a$a% ,a'a" rs!s !%!%-+a% "asa'a 2. M!%!'"$$a% 5a$-r45a$-r a,a ,a% "!"&!r#$a% &&- $!a,a $!'"$ 5a$-r -!rs!&+-
3. M!"+%$#%$a% a%-a +%-+$ "!%+&a 5a$-r ,a% %#'a# s!s+a# ,!%a% $!&+-+a%%a U%-+$ 1. 2. 3. 8.
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Lan$(ah2lan$(ah penetapan %riteria #. Kriteria A 1 besarnya masalah B!sar%a Masa'a $!s!a-a% ,#+$+r ,ar# &!sar%a !%,+,+$ -!r$!%a !5!$ 'a%s+% (#%#,!%!.r!a'!%!) B!sar%a "asa'a !r 10.000 !%,+,+$ Masa'a K!s!a-a%
A B 6
NI'a# 900 (10)
8@@4 100 (C)
@34 90 ()
8@410 (8)
@49 (2)
9 (1)
F
6%- : 6a$+a% P+s$!s"as F a,a'a s&&: A. 9 B. 99 6. 39 D.29 E.19 .80 R (%#'a# &!sar $!#') I%-!ra' $'as 444444444444444444444444444444444444 <+"'a $!'as C9439 44444444444444 C73 C B!sar%a "asa'a !r 10.000 !%,+,+$ Masa'a J8 J4J8 9@4 9149C 83490 39482 K!s!a-a% (10) (C) (8) (2) (1) () A B 6 F D
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*. Kriteria B 1 (e$a,atan masalah U%-+$ "!%!-a$a% r#-!r#a #%# s$r! 1 sa"a# 9 Masa'a $!s!a-a% A B 6
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-. Kem+'ahan 'alam penan$$+lan$an U%-+$ "!%#'a# $!"+,aa% ,a'a" !%a%+'a%a% !r-a%aa% a% ar+s ,#a*a& a,a'a7 aa$a s+"&!r4s+"&!r ,a% -!$%'# a% -!rs!,#a "a"+ "!%!'!sa#$a% "asa'a: "a$#% s+'#- ,a'a" !%a%+'a%a% s$r! a% ,#&!r#$a% "a$#% $!#'. Sa%a- s+'#Sa%a- "+,a D#-a%+'a%# 1 2 3 8 9 6%- : Has#' $%s!%s+s a% ,#aa# a,a 'a%$a #%# "!"&!r#$a% %#'a# ra-a4ra-a s!&aa# &!r#$+- ($!'"$ -!r,#r# ,ar# J ra%) : 3=8=3=2=8=3=2 21 Masa'a A 444444444444444444444444 44444444 3 J J 8=8=3=8=3=8=3 29 Masa'a B 444444444444444444444444 44444444 3 J J 2=3=3=2=8=3=3 20 Masa'a 6 444444444444444444444444 44444444 27C J J 8. Kriteria D.PEAL 3a(tor K!'"$ $r#-!r#a D -!r,#r# ,ar# &!&!raa 5a$-r a% sa'#% "!%!%-+$a% ,aa- a-a+ -#,a$%a s+a-+ rra" ,#'a$sa%a$a% 5a$-r45a$-r -!rs!&+- : a. K!s+sa#a% (rr#!-) &. E$%"# M+ra (E%"#) . Daa- ,#-!r#"a (A!-a&#'#-) ,. T!rs!,#a%a s+"&!r (r!s+r!s aa#'a&#'#-) !. L!a'#-as -!ra"#% (L!a'#-) 6%- : Masa'a A B
P 1 1
E 1 1
A 1 1
R 1 1
L 1 1
Has#' !r$a'#a% 1 1
6
1
1
1
0
1
0
P!%!-aa% %#'a#: S!-!'a %#'a# r#-!r#a A7B76 ,a% D ,#,aa-$a% $!"+,#a% %#'a# -!rs!&+,#"as+$$a% $! ,a'a" 5r"+'a s!&aa# &!r#$+- : N#'a# Pr#r#-as ,asar (NPD) (A=B) 6 N#'a# Pr#r#-as T-a' (NPT) (A=B) 6 D Masa'a A NPD (8=C)3 3 Masa'a B NPD (=J)37 87C Masa'a 6 NPD (8=10) 27C 3@72
D!%a% "!%a'#$a% NPD ,!%a% $"%!% r#-!r#a D ,ar# a"s#%4"as#% "asa'a "a$a ,#,aa- a%$a NPT s!&aa# &!r#$+- : Masa'a
NPD
N#'a# PEARL
NPT
A B 6
3 87C 3@72
1 1 0
3 87C 0
Ur+-a% Pr#r#-as II I
KESIMPULAN : Masa'a a% !r'+ ,#r#r#-as$a% a,a'a : Masa'a B
D. Peme%ahan masalah S!-!'a $#-a "!%,aa-$a% r#r#-as "asa'a ,ar# "asa'a a% a,a7 'a%$a s!'a%+-%a &!r+a P!"!aa% Masa'a T++a% : +%-+$ "!%#'a%$a%/"!%+ra%# 5a$-r 5a$-r !%!&a&7 $!#a-a% ,#'a$+$a% &!r+a : 1. P!%!-aa% -++a% ,a% sasara% 2. M!%ar# a'-!r%a-#! !"!aa% "asa'a 6%- : Masa'a a% a$a% ,#-a%+'a%# a,a'a "asa'a DIARE7 "a$a !%!-aa% -++a%%a a,a'a : M!%+r+%$a% !%,!r#-a !%a$#- D#ar! a,a &a'#-a ,ar# 20 "!%a,# 10 ,# P+s$!s"as F -a+% 2010 •
S!!r-# ,#$!-a+# +%-+$ "!%aa# -++a% ,aa- ,#'a$+$a% ,!%a% "!%a%+'a%# sasara% &!r+a 5a$-r !%!&a& "asa'a. Dar# %- ,# a-as a,a 8 5a$-r !%!&a& "asa'a a% "!r+a$a% '#%$+ sasara% $!#a-a%7 %- sasara% a% ,aa- ,#'a$+$a% : 1. M!%+ra%# !r#'a$+ a% -#,a$ &a#$ "!%!%a# $!&#asaa% BAB s!"&ara%a% 2. M!"&!r#$a% "-#as# a,a !-+as aar "a+ &!'aar "!%!%a# "a%a!"!% !%!''aa% $!s'#% 3. M!%#%$a-$a% $!-ra"#'a% !-+as ,a'a" !%+'+a%
8. P!%a,aa% sara%a a#r &!rs# ,a% 'a#%4'a#%
