I compiled this list from a few sources, these are all possible questions on the pediatrics ATI
POLITICAL LAWFull description
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Full description
Full description
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Peds Review
cases
STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION LEGAL MAXIMS
Constitutional Law II/First Amendment Notes and Cases
Family Law 2nd year B-Juris, UNAM, Windhoek, Namibia
Type
Comment
All of these conditions are characterized characterized by an intravascular hypovolemia caused by: Distributive Vasodilation (Includes neurogenic and neurogenic and anaphylactic; anaphylactic; Increased capillary permeability some authors also include septic shock septic shock Thirdspace Thirdspace !uid losses losses in this category) • • •
"ost common type of shock #orld#ide$ %esults from inade&uate !uid intake to compensate for !uid output (e$g$' vomiting' diarrhea' hemorrhagic !uid loss)$ igns and symptoms include: • • • • •
Hypovolemic
•
"ental status changes Tachypnea Tachypnea Tachycard Tachycardia ia ypotension *ool e+tremities ,liguria
%are in children' but may be associated #ith the follo#ing conditions: • • • •
%esults #hen infectious organisms release to+ins that a1ect !uid distribution and cardiac output$ *an result from bacterial' viral' or2in immunocompromised immunocompromised patients2fungal infections$ 3atients in septic shock typically re&uire repeated repeated boluses of !uid$ They may also need medications (epinephrine' norepinephrine or dopamine) to enhance cardiac contractility contractility and to vasoconstrict the vessels$ It is important to realize that patients in septic shock may present initially as compensated or 4#arm4 shock' #ith the follo#ing .ndings: 5arm 5arm e+tremities e+tremitie s 6ounding pulses Tachycard Tachycardia ia Tachypnea Tachypnea Ade&uate urination "ild metabolic acidosis
• • • • •
Septic
•
ypovolemic (hemorrhage' diarrhea7dehydration) and septic shock are the most common causes of shock in children$
"iosis and blurred vision Increased gastric motility (nausea' vomiting' diarrhea) 8+cessive tearing' salivation' s#eating and urination 6ronchorrhea and bronchospasm "uscle t#itching and #eakness 6radycardia eizures and coma
• • •
• • • •
"ydriasis (dilated pupils) 4blind as a bat4 -ry skin 4dry as a bone4 %ed skin (!ushed) 4red as a beet4
edation' confusion' delirium' coma
•
• • •
Opioids
• •
(codeine, morphine, heroin)
"iosis (constricted pupils) %espiratory depression 6radycardia and hypotension ypothermia -epressed mental status (sedation' confusion' coma) "ydriasis
•
inade&uate nutrient intake' malabsorption of nutrients' or increased energy re&uirements$ Infants and children #ith organic
• •
=onorganic ?@ of
•
•
•
It occasionally re!ects neglect of the infant (e$g$' lack of food)$
Inade&uate caloric intake may result from: • •
•
)on$ organi c
*ystic .brosis -evelopmental delay #ith poor suck and s#allo# %enal tubular acidosis' and "ilk protein allergy IV Vomiting caused by severe gastroesophageal re!u+ or bo#el obstruction$
9ess commonly' there is a psychological basis of nonorganic
•
•
3overty 3oor understanding of feeding techni&ues Improperly prepared formula' or Inade&uate supply of breast milk$
%ilestones in Speech Development Age %ilestone!s#* +e,ore - days o, *an distinguish mothers voice from another #omans voice$ age •
+e,ore . /ee's o, age
•
•
At 0$1 months
•
•
At 2 year
•
•
At 23 months
•
•
•
At 21 months At . years
•
*an distinguish fathers voice from another mans voice as added a fe# consonant sounds to the vo#el sounds$ "ay say 4mama4 or 4dada4 but does not attach them to individuals$ 5ill attach 4mama4 or 4dada4 to the correct person$ %esponds to onestep commands such as 4ive it to me$4 *ontinues to string vo#el and consonant sounds together (gibberish)' but may imbed real #ords$ "ay say as many as B? di1erent #ords$ *an say nouns (ball' cup)' names of special people' and a fe# action #ords or phrases$ *an add gestures to her speech' and may be able to follo# a t#ostep command$ *an combine #ords' forming simple sentences like 4-addy go$4
Capillary hydraulic pressure
In!uenced by systemic and venous blood pressure' local blood !o#' and pre and postcapillary resistances$
Interstitial 4uid pressure
sually negative; moves !uid out of the capillary$ 5hen positive' interstitial !uid pressure results in movement of !uid into the capillary$
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
-ue to proteins dissolved in plasma and interstitial !uid that do not di1use through the capillary #all$ =ormally' the intracapillary colloid osmotic pressure causes transfer of !uid into the capillary$
Interstitial 4uid osmotic pressure
-ue to the small amount of plasma proteins that leak through larger capillary pores and cause an osmotic shift of !uid out of capillaries$
