YJH VHDAH AL]VQ SHKALGHQ RLX YL
YLNCD
D VHDAH AL]VQ VXMKBADYBLN @L] NHS PLKXNYHH]Q OXNH =648
YLNCD GDV
Yjbs gdp bs ushi wbtj phrgbssbln `rlg `rlg tjh Qtd th Ihpdrtghnt.
D SHKALGH KHYYH] Alncrdtukdtblns ln rhahbvbnc dn bnvbtdtb bnvbtdtbln ln tl shrvh shr vh bn bn tjh bskdni Ebncilg Ebncilg l` l ` Ylncd! B` B ` ylu ihabih tl daa hpt tjbs bnvbtdtbln, bnvbtdtbln, ylu wbkk wbkk hgmdre hgm dre ln lnh l` tjh glst gls t hxabtbnc dni ajdkkhncbnc ajdkkhncbnc hxphrbhnahs hxphr bhnahs l` ylur kb`h. Vhdah Alrps rhgdbns ‛tjh tlucjhst olm ylu‒kk hvhr klvh.‗ Qbnah 4203, lvhr 4,866 Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhrs jdvh wlrehi bn tjh ebncilg bn vdrblus drhds l` ihvhklpghnt. Bn =64=, Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd ajdnchi `rlg dn hxpdnihi alggunbty hiuadtbln prlohat tl lnh tjdt `laushs ln Hnckbsj-kdncudch kbthrday hiuadtbln `lr prbgdry (dni slgh gbiikh) sajllk stuihnts. Plkunthhrs shrvh shr vh ds ‛Hnckbsj ‛Hnckbsj kbthrday `dabk `da bkbtdtlrs‗ btdtlrs‗ bn prbgdry sajllks, sa jllks, glst gls t shrvbnc bn rurdk rur dk vbkkdchs vbkkdchs w btj d `hw bn kdrchr tlwns. Plkunthhrs ush glihrn, stuihnt-ahnthrhi ghtjlis tl jhkp ajbkirhn bn crdihs tjrhh tjrlucj hbcjt ihvhklp sphdebnc, kbsthnbnc, rhdibnc, dni wrbtbnc sebkks tjhy nhhi `lr suaahss bn jbcjhr crdihs dni rlkhs tjhy wbk w bkkk pkdy ds diukts. diukts . Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs put d sphabdk s phabdk hgpjdsbs ln bnthcrdtbnc Hnckbsj Hnckbsj kbthrda kbthrda y datbvbtbhs wbtj jhdktj hiuadtbln. Bn diibtbln tl thdajbnc bn akdssrllg dni hxtrdaurrbaukdr shttbncs, Plkunthhrs wlre wbtj tjhbr Ylncdn alkkhdcuhs (prbnabpdks dni thdajhrs) tl jhkp sajllks bgpkhghnt tjh nhw ndtblndk Hnckb Hnckbsj sj kbthrda kbthrdayy aurrbaukug aurr baukug dni dni ltjhrwbsh ltjhrw bsh dilpt glihrn dpprldajhs dpprldajhs tl hiuadtbln. Plkunthhrs dksl wlre wbtj pdrhnts dni ltjhr alggunbty ghgmhrs tl strhnctjhn alggunbty supplrt `lr hiuadtbln dni, ds tbgh phrgbts, Plkunthhrs jhkp ylutj dni diukts (bnakuibnc pdrhnts) cht daahss tl kbthrday ihvhklpghnt lpplrtunbtbhs. Ds shalnidry sha lnidry prlohats, prlohat s, Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs drh dksl datbvh bn bn d vdrbhty l` ihvhklpghnt ihvhklpghnt bnbtbdtb bnbtbdtbvhs vhs dt tjh t jh alggunbty khvhk, khvhk, hspha bdkky bdkky ylutj khdihrs khdihrsjbp jbp dni jhdktjy jhdktjy kb`hstykhs datbvb dat bvbtbhs. tbhs. B` ylu ihabih tl daahpt tjbs bnvbtdtbln, ylu wbkk jdvh tjh lpplrtunbty tl alntrbmuth tl tjh `uturh l` Ylncd‒s ajbkirhn dni alggunbtbh a lggunbtbhss dni tjh strhnct s trhnctjhnbnc jhnbnc l` tjh aluntry‒s aluntr y‒s hiuadtbln systhg. syst hg. Rlu Rlu wbk w bkkk dksl ihvhklp shk`-rhkb shk`-r hkbdnah dnah dni hxphrtbsh bn ndvbcdtbnc ndvbcdtbnc ltjhr aukturhs, a ukturhs, kbthrda kbthrday y dni kdncudch kdncudch hiuadtbln, prlohat pr lohat pkdnnbnc pkdnnbnc dni hvdkudtbln, dni ltjhr drhds ylu adn dppky bn gdny drhds l` ylur kb`h bn tjh `uturh. Yjbs mlle prlvbihs bn`lrgdtbln ylu adn ush tl `dgbkbdrb `dgbkbdrbzh zh ylurshk` ylurs hk` wbtj Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd. Alrps /Ylncd. Sh jdvh prhpdrhi tjbs ilaughnt ilaughnt wbtj adrh dni tjlucjt`ukn tjlucjt`uknhss hss mhadush wh enlw d alggbtghnt alggbtghnt l` twl yhdrs yhdrs bs nlt nlt gdih hdsbky. Ln mhjdk` mhjdk` l` tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps s td`` dni a urrhn urrhntky tky shrvbnc shrvbnc Plku Plkunthhrs nthhrs bn Ylncd, pkhdsh enlw tjdt wh drh alggbtthi tl gdebnc ylur hxphrbhnah ghdnbnc`uk, prliuatbvh, dni sd`h. Sh sbnahrhky rhsphat ylu `lr ylur alggb a lggbtghnt tghnt dni drh hxabthi tl whk w hkalgh algh ylu tl t l Ylncd! Sh klle `lrw dri tl shhbnc ylu slln bn wjdt Adpt. O dghs Alle ihsarbmhi ihsar bmhi bn 4333 ds tjh ‛@rbhnik ‛@r bhnikyy Bskdnis.‗ Hiibh Qtbah Aluntry Ibrhatlr Ibrhatlr Vhdah Alrps @bob, @bob, Ylncd, dni Qdgld
Ydmkh l` Alnthnts Alnthnt s D SHK SHKAL ALGH GH KH KHYYH].......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .......... 4 AL]H AL]H HZVHA HZVHAYD YDYBLNQ YBLNQ @L] VHD VHDAH AL]VQ AL]VQ PLKX PLKXNYH NYHH]Q H]Q .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... 9 VHDAH AL]VQ/YLNCD JBQYL]R DNI V]LC]DGQ................................................................ 8 Jbstlry Jbstlry l` tjh tjh Vhdah Vhdah Alrps Alrps bn Ylncd Ylncd ......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ........... 8 Vhdah Vhdah Alrps Alrps Vrlcrdg Vrlcrdggb gbnc nc bn Ylncd Ylncd ........................... ................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ............ .. 8 ALXNY]R LPH]PBHS? YLNCD DY D CKDNAH ...................................................................... 0 Jbstlry ................................................................................................................................. 0 Clvhrnghnt .......................................................................................................................... 3 Halnlgy .............................................................................................................................. 3 Vhlpk Vhlpkhh dni dni Auk Aukturh......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... ............... ..... 3 ]HQLX]AHQ @L] @X]YJH] BN@L]GDYBLN .......................................................................... 2 Chnh Chnhrdk rdk Bn`lrgd Bn`lrgdtb tbln ln Dmlu mlutt Ylncd.......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ............ .. 2 Alnnhat Alnnhat Sb Sbtj ]hturnh ]hturnhi i Plk Plkunth unthhrs hrs dni Ltjhr Ltjhr Bnvb Bnvbthhs.... thhs........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....46 46 Lnkbnh Drtbakhs/Aurrhnt Nhws Qbths Dmlut Ylncd ......................................................................46 Bnthrndtblndk Ihvhklpghnt Qbths Dmlut Ylncd ...........................................................................46 ]halggh ]halgghn nihi ihi Mll Mlles es .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... ...................4= .........4= Mlles Dmlut tjh Jbstlry l` tjh Vhdah Alrps .............................................................................4= Mlles lles ln tjh Plkun lkunthh thhrr Hxph Hxphrb rbhn hnah ah .................... .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... .........4= 4= KBPBNC KBPBNC ALNIBYBL ALNIBYBLNQ NQ DNI DNI PLKX PLKXNYH NYHH] H] KB@HQYR KB@HQYRKH KH .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....41 41 Alggunbadtblns ...................................................................................................................41 Jlusbnc lusbnc dni Qbth Qbth Klad Kladtb tbln.................. ln............................ .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... .................... ...............49 .....49 Kbvbnc Dkklwdnah dni Glnhy Gdndchghnt ..............................................................................49 @lli dni Ibht.......................................................................................................................48 Yrdnsplrtdtbln ......................................................................................................................48 Chlc Chlcrdp rdpjy jy dni dni Akb Akbgdth............... gdth......................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... ............40 ..40 Qlabdk Datbvbtbhs....................................................................................................................40 Vrl`hssb Vrl`hssbln lndkb dkbsg, sg, Irhss, rhss, dni dni Mhjdv hjdvbblr..... lr............... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ............40 ...40 Vhrslndk Qd`hty .....................................................................................................................43 ]hwdri ]hwdriss dni dni @rustrdt @rustrdtbblns lns .......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .............4: ...4: VHD VHDAH AL]VQ AL]VQ Y]DBNBN Y]DBNBNC C ......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .............42 ...42 Lvhrv Lvhrvbbhw l` Vrh-Qhr Vrh-Qhrvb vbah ah Yrdbnb rdbnbnc.................. nc............................ .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... ...............42 .....42 Yhajnb Yhajnbadk adk Yrdbnb Yrdbnbnc nc ......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... .................... ..............42 ....42 Kdncud dncudch ch Yrdb Yrdbnbnc nbnc ......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... .................... ..............=6 ....=6 Arlss-A Arlss-Auk ukturd turdkk Yrdb Yrdbnb nbnc nc ................. ....... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ..................=6 .........=6 Jhdktj Yrdbnbnc.....................................................................................................................=6 YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =
Qd`hty Qd`hty dni dni Qhau Qhaurb rbty ty Yrdbnb rdbnbnc nc.......... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ..........=6 =6 Diibtblndk Yrdbnbncs Iurbnc Plkunthhr Qhrvbah .........................................................................=4 RLX] LX] JHDK JHDKYJ AD]H AD]H BN YLNCD YLNCD ......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ...........=4 .=4 Jhdktj hdktj Bssuhs Bssuhs bn Ylncd Ylncd......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ..................== .........== Jhkpbnc hkpbnc Rlu Rlu Qtdy Qtdy Jhdk hdktjy......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .............== ...== Gdbntdb dbntdbnb nbnc nc Rlur Jhd Jhdkktj...... tj................ .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ..................== .........== Slghn Sl ghn‒‒s Jhdk hdktj Bn`l Bn`lrgd rgdtb tbln ln......... ................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ..........=1 =1 Rlur lur Vhdah Vhdah Alrps Alrps Ghib Ghibadk Ebt Ebt ......................... ............... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ...........=1 .=1 Mh`lrh Rlu Khdvh? D Ghibadk Ajhaekbst...................................................................................=9 QD@H QD@HYR YR DNI DNI QHAX]BYR QHAX]BYR BN IHVYJ......... IHVYJ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ..................=0 ........=0 @datlrs tjdt Alntrbmuth tl Plkunthhr ]bse .................................................................................=0 Qtdybnc Qd`h? Iln‒t Mh d Ydrcht `lr Arbgh ................................................................................=3 Qupplrt `rlg Qtd`` ................................................................................................................=3 L``bah L``bah l` Pb Pbatbg atbg Divl Divladay aday.......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... ............=: ..=: Arbgh Arbgh Idtd Idtd `lr `lr Ylncd Ylncd.......... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ..................=: ........=: Plku lkunth nthhr hr Qd`hty Qd`hty Qupp Qupplrt lrt bn Ylncd Ylncd .......... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ...........=: .=: IBPH]QBYR DNI BNAKXQBLN LPH]PBHS .............................................................................16 Ibvh Ibvhrsb rsbty ty dni dni Bnaku Bnakusb sbln ln dt Rlur Qbth Qbth......... ................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... ...........16 .16 Arlss-A Arlss-Auk ukturd turdkk Alnsb Alnsbih ihrdt rdtbblns................ lns.......................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ...........14 .14 Sjdt Sj dt Gbcjt Gbcjt d Plkun lkunthh thhrr @dah< @dah<......... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... ..................14 ........14 Vlssb Vlssbmk mkhh Chni Chnihr hr ]lk ]lkh Bssuh Bssuhs........................... s................. .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ...................14 .........14 Vlssbmkh Bssuhs `lr @hgdkh Plkunthhrs ..................................................................................1= Vlssbmkh Bssuhs `lr Plkunthhrs l` Alklr.................................................................................1= Vlssbmkh Bssuhs `lr Khsmbdn, Cdy, Mbshxudk, Yrdnschnihr, Tuhstblnbnc/Tuhhr, Dkky (KCMYTD) Plkunthhrs........................................................................................................................19 Vlssbmkh Bssuhs `lr Plkunthhrs wbtj Ibsdmbkbtbhs......................................................................18 Vlssbmkh Bssuhs `lr Plkunthhr Alupkhs ..................................................................................18 Vlssbmkh ]hkbcblus Bssuhs `lr Plkunthhrs ...............................................................................18 Vlssbm Vlssbmkkh Bssuhs Bssuhs `lr `lr 86+ 86+ Plkun lkunthh thhrs rs......... ................... .................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... ...................10 .........10 @]HTX @]HTXH HNYKR DQEH QEHI TXH TXHQYBLNQ QYBLNQ ...... ............... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ............1: ..1: VDAEBNC KBQY.......................................................................................................................91 V]H-IH V]H-IHVD VD]YX ]YX]H ]H AJH AJHAEKB AEKBQY........... QY..................... .................... ................... ................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ...............90 .....90 ALNYDAYBNC VHDAH AL]VQ JHDITXD]YH]Q....................................................................93
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 1
AL]H HZVHAYDY HZVHAYDYBLNQ BLNQ @L] VHDAH V HDAH AL]VQ AL]V Q PLKXNYHH]Q PLKXNYHH]Q Bn wlrebnc tlwdri `uk`bkkbnc tjh Vhdah Alrps gbssbln l` prlgltbnc wlrki phdah dni `rbhnisjbp, ds d trdbnhh dni Plkunthhr, Plkunthhr, ylu drh hxphathi hxpha thi tl il tjh `lkk ` lkklw lwbnc? bnc? 4. Vrhpdrh ylur phrslndk dni prl`hssblndk kb`h tl gdeh d alggbtghnt tl shrvh dmrldi `lr d `ukk thrg l` =3 glntjs =. Alggbt tl bgprlvbnc tjh qudkbty l` kb`h l` tjh phlpkh wbtj w btj wjlg ylu kbvh kbvh dni wlre w lre dni, bn ilbnc ilbnc sl, sjdrh ylur sebkks, didpt tjhg, dni khdrn nhw sebkks ds nhhihi 1. Qhrvh wjhrh w jhrh tjh Vhdah Alrps dses ylu tl cl, unihr alnibtbln alnibtblnss l` jdrisjbp b` nhahssdr nhahss dry, y, dni wbtj tjh `khxbmbk `khxbmbkbty bty nhhihi `lr h``hatbvh h``hat bvh shrvbah shr vbah 9. ]halcnbzh tjdt ylur suaahss`uk dni sustdbndmkh ihvhklpghnt wlre bs mdshi ln tjh kladk trust dni a ln`bihnah ylu mubki mubki my kbvbnc kbvbnc bn, dni rhsphat rhs phat`ukk `ukky y bnthcrdtbnc bnthcrdtbnc ylurshk` ylurs hk` bntl, bntl, ylur jlst jls t alggunbt alg gunbtyy dni auk a ukturh turh 8. ]halcnbzh ]halcnbzh tjdt ylu drh rhsplnsbmk rhs plnsbmkhh =9 jlurs d idy, 3 idys d whhe w hhe `lr ylur phrslndk alniuat dni prl`hssbl prl`hss blndk ndk phr`lrgdnah 0. Hncdch wbtj jlst aluntry pdrtnhrs bn d spbrbt l` allphrdtbln, gutudk khdrnbnc, dni rhsphat 3. Slre wbtjb w btjbn n tjh rukhs dni rhcukdtblns l` tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps dni tjh kladk kladk dni ndtblndk ndtblndk kdws l` tjh aluntry w jhrh ylu shrvh shrvh :. Hxhrabsh ouicghnt dni phrslndk rhsplnsbmb rhsplns bmbkb kbty ty tl prltha t ylur jhdktj, sd`hty, dni whkk-mhbnc whkk-mhbnc dni tjdt l` ltjhrs 2. ]halcnbzh tjdt ylu wbkk mh phrahbvhi bn ylur jlst aluntry dni alggunbty ds d rhprhshntdtbvh l` tjh phlpkh, aukturhs, vdkuhs, dni trdibtblns l` tjh Xnbthi Qtdths l` Dghrbad 46. ]hprhshnt rhsplnsbvhky rhsplnsbvhky tjh phlpkh, phlpkh, aukturhs, vdkuhs, vdkuhs, dni trdibtblns trdibtblns l` ylur jlst aluntry dni alggunbty al ggunbty tl phlpkh phlpkh bn bn tjh t jh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths mltj iurbnc dni `lkklw `lkklwbnc bnc ylur shrvbah s hrvbah
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 9
VHDAH AL]VQ/YLNCD AL]VQ /YLNCD JBQYL]R JBQYL]R DNI V]LC]DGQ Jbstlry l` tjh tjh Vhdah Vh dah Al rps rps bn Ylncd Ylncd
Vhdah Vhda h Alrps Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs jdvh shrvhi bn tjh Ebncilg Ebncilg l` Ylncd sbnah s bnah 4203. Hdrky bntdehs bntdehs w hrh prbgdrbky prbgdrbky hncdchi bn bn thda jbnc bn prbgdry dni shalnidry shal nidry sajllks. Bn 42:=, Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd Alrps /Ylncd sjb`thi sjb`thi bts `la us tl glrh thajnbadk dssbstdnah `lr clvhrnghnt gbnbstrbhs dni splnslrbnc lrcdnbzdtblns, mubkibnc adpdabty bn dcrbaukturh dni `bsjhrbhs, pumkba jhdktj, drajbthaturh dni alnstruatbln, hnvbrlnghnt, musbnhss dni allphrdtbvhs, dni ylutj ihvhklpghnt. Plkunthhrs dksl mhcdn wlrebnc bn jhdktj allphrdtbvhs, bn tjh gdss ghibd, dni bn hnhrcy-rhkdthi drhds. Bn 422=, prbgdry prbgdry thdajhr trdbnhrs trdbnhrs whrh rhb r hbntrliuahi ntrliuahi tl Ylncd. Ylncd. Yjhy Y jhy whrh dssbcnhi dssbcnhi tl prbgdry sajllks sajllks ds thdajhr thda jhr trdbnhrs dni tl tjh Aurrbaukug Ihvhklpghnt Ihvhklpghnt Xnbt Xnbt l` tjh Gbnbstry Gbnbstry l` Hiuadtbln tl jhkp jhkp thda jhrs bgprlvh tjhbr tjhbr ghtjlis l` mbkbncudk mbkbncudk akdss rllg bnstruat bnstr uatbln. bln. Ds Ds tjbs nhw prlcrdg pr lcrdg hvlkvhi, hvlkvhi, Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs mhcdn shrvbnc ds sab sa bhnah thdajhrs bn bn shalnidry shalnidry sajllks sajllks wjbk wjbkh ltjhrs ltjhrs alntb a lntbnuhi nuhi tl thdaj thdaj Hnckb Hnckbsj ds pdrt l` d nhw ndtblndk kbthrday aurrbaukug dt tjh prbgdry-sajllk khvhk. Iurbnc tjbs tbgh, tjh prlcrdg hxpdnihi tl bnakuih Plkunthhrs wlrebnc bn halnlgba ihvhklpghnt tl mubki adpdabty bn daaluntbnc dni musbnhss divbslry, hnvbrlnghntdk hnvbrlnghnt dk hiuadtbln, hiuadt bln, rhnhwdmkh rhnhw dmkh hnhrcy, tjh t jh ihvhklpghnt ihvhklpghnt l` jdmbtdts dni ndtblndk pdres, pdres , dni ylutj ihvhklpghnt. Bn tjh gbi-=666s, Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd bntrliuahi tjh musbnhss dni lrcdnbzdtblndk ihvhklpghnt (MLI) dni alggunbty hiuadtbln (AH) (AH) prlo prlohats hats.. AH Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs w lrehi wbtj w btj alunthrpdrts alunthrpdrts ds thdajhr thdajhr trdb tr dbnhrs nhrs dt tjh prbgdry sajllk sa jllk khvhk tl hndmkh hndmkh tjhg tl dilpt nhw thdajbnc t hdajbnc dni rhslura h ihvhklpghnt ihvhklpghnt ghtjlilklcbhs. ghtjlilklcbhs. MLI Plkunthhrs slucjt tl mubki tjh adpdabty l` clvhrnghnt gbnbstrbhs, nlnclvhrnghntdk lrcdnbzdtblns (NCLs), shrvbah prlvbihrs, hntrhprhnhurs, dni alggunbty ghgmhrs bn bn`lrgdtbln thajnlklcy, daaluntb daa luntbnc, nc, dni ltjhr musbnhss prdatbahs. Vhdah Alrps Vrlcrdggbnc bn Ylncd Jbstlrbadkky, lvhr 4,866 Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs jdvh j dvh wlrehi bn glrh tjdn 16 drhds l` ihvhklpghnt splnslrhi splns lrhi my tjh Ylncdn clvhrnghnt, clvhrnghnt , prbvdth nlnprl`bt lrcdnbzdtblns, lrcdnbzdtblns, dni bnibvb bnibvbiudk iudk a lggunbtbhs.
Bn =662, Ylncd sjb`thi tl d sbnckh prlohat? Ylncd Hxpdnihi Alggunbty Hiuadtbln Vrlohat (YHAHV). Bt `laushi ln mltj `lrgdk dni nln`lrgdk hiuadtbln. Plkunthhrs al-tducjt wbtj sajllkthdajhrs Hnckbsj kdncudch, musbnhss hiuadtbln, bniustrbdk drts, thdajhr trdbnbnc, dni bn`lrgdtbln dni alggunbadtblns thajnlklcy (BAY) tl prbgdry, shalnidry, dni thrtbdry sajllk stuihnts. Yjhy ihsbcnhi bnstruatblndk gdthrbdks, lrcdnbzhi hxtrdaurrbaukdr datbvbtbhs, dni hstdmkbsjhi sajllks ds ahnthrs `lr alggunbty hiuadtbln tjrlucjlut Ylncd. Bn =64=, Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd bnbtbdthi d thdajbnc Hnckbsj ds d `lrhbcn kdncudch (YH@K) prlcrdg dt tjh prbgdry prbgdry khvhk khvhk,, tjh Hnckb Hnckbsj Kbthrday Kbthrday Vrlohat. Vrlohat. Yjb Y jbss sjb`t tl d sbnck sbnckh, h, `laushi prlohat prlohat bs bs bn ehhpbnc ehhpbnc wbtj w btj tjh Vhdah Alrps‒ wlrkiwbih hgpjdsbs ln alnahntrdtbnc rhslurahs ln prblrbty jlst aluntry nhhis. Bn diibtbln tl tjhbr w lre wbtj w btj stuihnts dni thdajhrs thdajhr s bn bn tjh drhd l` Hnckbsj Hnckbsj kbthrday hiuadtbln, hiua dtbln, Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs typbadkky wlre wlr e ln ltjhr prlohats prlohats iurbn iurbnc c tjhbr shrvbah, bn suaj drhds ds ylutj khdihrsjbp khdihrsjbp dni jhdktjy jhdktjy kb`hstykhs. kb`hstykhs. Yjhsh prlohats prlohats hvlkvh `rlg alggunbty nhhis dni dni Plk Plkunthhrs‒ unthhrs‒ phrslndk bnthrhsts bnthrhsts dni sebk sebkks.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 8
ALXNY]R ALXN Y]R LPH]PBHS? YLNCD YLNCD DY D CKDNAH CKDNA H Jbstlry Bt bs wbihky daahpthi tjdt drluni 1666 M.A., dn Dustrlnhsbdn-sphdebnc plpukdtbln enlwn my drajdhlklcbsts ds tjh Kdpbtd phlpkh gbcrdthi bntl tjh Vdab`ba `rlg Qlutjhdst Dsbd dni whrh tjh hdrky dnahs tlrs l` tlidy‒s Vlkynhsbdns. Drluni =666 M.A. M.A.,, tjh Kdpbtd Kdpbtd phlpkh phlpkh dmdnilnhi tjhbr bnbtbdk bnbtbdk shttkhghnts shtt khghnts dni vlydchi vlydchi tl tjh `drtjhst hdsthrn hdst hrn rhdajhs l` Vlkynhsbd. Vlkynhsbd.
Drluni 866 M.A., .A. , d sha lni wdvh l` vlydchrs, vlydchr s, nlw enlwn ds Vlkynhsbdns, shttkhi tjh Ylncdn drajbphkdcl drajbphkdcl.. Drluni D.I. 286, daalribnc tl d gytj, tjh suprhgh Vlkynhsbdn cli enlwn ds Ydncdkld adgh ilwn tl Ylncdtdpu dni `dtjhrhi `dtjhr hi d sln my d klvhky klvhky Ylncdn Y lncdn gdbihn. gdbihn. Yjhbr sln, Djl‒hbtu, tjus mhadgh tjh `brst `brs t Yub Ylncd’ebnc l` Ylncd’dni kdunajhi lnh l` tjh wlrki‒s klnchst-runnbnc iyndstbhs. Yjh iyndsty `brst rukhi `rlg `r lg tjh vbkkdch vbkkdch l` l ` Ylkld dni tjhn `rlg `r lg tjh prhshnt-idy prhs hnt-idy vbkkdch vbkkdch l` Nbutlud, jlgh l` tjh Jd‒dglncd Jd‒dglncd ‚d Gdub Yrbk Yr bkbtjln, btjln, dn dra j-kbeh j-kbeh struat str uaturh urh gdih l` tjrhh stlnhs gdrebnc tjh cdthwdy tl tjh rlydk algpluni. Glvbnc tjh adpbtdk tl Kdpdjd ln tjh sjlrh l` tjh bskdni‒s bnthrblr kdclln dmlut :66 yhdrs dcl, tjhy tlle divdntdch divdntdch l` d sd`hr dnajlrdch `lr tjh kdrch, kdrch, ilumkh-jukkh ilumkh-jukkhi i wdr w dr adnlhs. a dnlhs. Yjhsh whrh ushi ttl l hxthni tjhbr tjhbr hgpbrh ds `dr ` dr ds ]ltugd dni tjh Kdu Kdu bskdni bskdni crlup bn @bob @bob,, Ylelpbd bn tjh Qlklgln Bskdnis, prhshnt-idy prhs hnt-idy Sdkkbs dni @utund, Nbuh, dni Qdgld. Iutaj ndvbcdtlrs bn 4040 whrh tjh `brst Hurlphdns tl vbhw tjh Ylncdn drajbphkdcl dni, bn 4291, Ylncdtdpu w ds `brst `brs t vbsbthi my tjh Iutaj hxpklrhr Dmhk Dmhk Ydsgdn. Yds gdn. Adpt. O dghs Alle vbsbthi vbsbthi tjh bskdnis bn bn 4331, 4339, dni 4333. Iurbnc jbs `bndk vbsbt, jh wds jlsthi ln Kb`ued my d plwhr`uk ajbh` ndghi @bndu B. Alle wds sl bgprhsshi bgprhs shi my tjbs sjlw s jlw l` jlspbtdk jls pbtdkbty bty tjdt jh ndghi tjh Jd‒dpdb Jd‒dpdb crlup ‛Yjh @rbhnik @r bhnikyy Bskdnis,‗ tjh glihrn ebncilg‒s ebncilg‒s glttl. Yjh drrbvdk l` Shskhydn gbssblndrbhs ln Kb`ued bn tjh 4:=6s albnabihi wbtj tjh rbsh l` Ydu`d‒djdu, d plwhr`uk ajbh` ajbh` wjl alnvhrthi alnvhrthi tl Ajrbstbd Ajrbstbdnb nbty ty bn bn 4:14. 4:14. Sbtj Sbtj tjh gbss gbssbblndrbhs‒ lndrbhs‒ jhkp, jhkp, jh wln d shrbhs l` ilghstba wdrs. My 4:98, jh jdi alnquhrhi dkk l` Ylncd dni ihakdrhi jbgshk` tl mh tjh nhw Yub Ylncd. Bn 4:0=, jh tlle d Ajrbstbdn ndgh dni mhadgh Ebnc Ebnc Chlrch Chlr ch B l` Ylncd. Jh arhdthi ar hdthi d Vrbvy Alunabk l` jbs jbs lwn lw n ajllsbnc ajlls bnc dni hstdmkbsjhi hstdmkbsjhi d khcbskdtb khcbskdtbvh vh dsshgmky dss hgmky gdih up l` rhprhshntdtbvhs rhprhshnt dtbvhs l` tjh nlmkhs nlmkhs dni algglnhrs. Yjbs systhg wds alggbtthi tl wrbtbnc bn tjh Alnstbtutbln l` 4:38, wjbaj stbkk bs bn h``hat tlidy. Yjh Y jh dsshgmky dss hgmky bs bs enlwn enlw n nlw ds tjh Vdrkbdghnt. Ebnc Ebnc Chlrch Chlrch BB sbcnhi s bcnhi d trhdty w btj Crhdt Mrbtdbn Mrbtdbn bn 4266, wjb w jbaj aj turnhi Ylncd‒s `lrhbcn d``dbrs d``dbrs lvhr tl tjh t jh Mrbtb Mrbtbsj sj dni prhvhnthi dny `urtjhr hnarldajghn hna rldajghnts ts ln Ylncd my tjh Shsthrn alklnbdk plwhrs. Alnshquhntky, tjh Ebncilg l` Ylncd wds nhvhr alklnbzhi. Ebnc Chlrch BB w ds suaahhihi s uaahhihi bn 424: my jbs jbs iducjthr Tuhhn Qdklth (jhr ndgh bs bs tjh Ylncdn Y lncdn trdnskbthrdtbln l` Ajdrkltth), wjl rhbcnhi `lr tjh nhxt 93 yhdrs. Tuhhn Qdklth ibhi bn 4208 dni wds sua ahhihi my jhr sln, s ln, Ebnc Ebnc Ydu`d‒djdu Ydu`d‒ djdu Yuplu BP. Xnihr Xnihr Ebnc Ebnc Ydu`d‒djdu, Y du`d‒djdu, tjh Bnthrndtblndk Bnthr ndtblndk Idthkbnh Idthkbnh Jlthk wds mubkt mubkt ln Nueu‒dkl`d‒s Nue u‒dkl`d‒s w dthr`rlnt, dni @ud‒dgltu Dbrplrt Dbrplrt ln Ylncdtdpu wds upcrdihi tl jdnikh jdnikh oht oht dbrard`t, usjhrb us jhrbnc nc bn bn tjh mhcbnnb mhcbnnbnc nc l` Ylncdn tlurbsg. @lkklw @lkklwbnc bnc jbs `dtjhr‒s `dtjhr‒ s ihdtj dni jbs alrlndtbln al rlndtbln bn bn =660, Chlrch Yuplu Y uplu P dnnlunahi dnnluna hi bn bn =66: tjdt jh w luki rhkbnqubsj rhkbnqubsj dutjlrbty dut jlrbty lvhr Vdrkbdghnt, Vdrkbdghnt, khdibnc khdibnc tl Ylncd‒s `brst ihglardtba ihglar dtba hkhat hkhatblns blns `lr Vdrkbdghnt Vdrkbdghnt bn =646. Ebnc Chlrch Yuplu P bs enlwn `lr tjbs daalgpkbsjghnt dni wln bnthrndtblndk prdbsh `lr mrbncbn mrbnc bnc c ihglarday ihglarda y tl Ylncd. Jh ibh ibhi i bn bn Gdraj =64= =64= dni dni wds suaahhihi suaahhihi my jbs jbs mrltjhr, Ebn Ebnc c Yuplu PB.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 0
Clvhrnghnt Qbnah tjh dilptbln l` bts alnstbtutbln bn 4:38, Ylncd jds mhhn rukhi my d glndraj wjlsh jhbrs drh hntbtkhi tl phrphtudk suaahssbln tl tjh tjrlnh. Yjh clvhrnghnt alnsbsts l` dn hxhautbvh mrdnaj jhdihi my d Vrbvy Alunabk, tjh unbadghrdk unba dghrdk Khcbskdtb Khcbskdtbvh vh Dsshgmky ss hgmky (lr Vdrkbdghnt), Vdrkbdghnt), dni tjh ouibabdry. ouibabdry.
Yjh Vrbvy Alunabk dssbsts tjh ebnc bn tjh ibsajdrch l` jbs `unatblns dni bs tjh jbcjhst hxhautbvh dutjlrbty. Bt bs algplshi l` tjh ebnc, tjh admbnht, dni tjh clvhrnlrs l` Jd‒dpdb dni Pdvd‒u. Yjh admbnht l` 4= gbnbsthrs bs dpplbnthi my tjh ebnc. Yjh Khcbskdtbvh Khcbskdtbvh Dsshgmky Dss hgmky alns bsts l` nbnh rhprhshntdtbvhs rhprhs hntdtbvhs hkhat hkhathi hi my tjh nlmkhs, nlmkhs, dni 43 rhprhshntdtbvhs rhprhs hntdtbvhs hkha hkha thi my plpukdr vlth. Hkhat Hkhatblns blns `lr tjh Khcbskdtbvh Khcbskdtbvh Dsshgmky ss hgmky drh jhki jhki hvhry tjrhh tjr hh yhdrs. Yjh ouibabdry alnsbsts l` d Quprhgh Alurt (wjlsh ouichs drh dpplbnthi my tjh ebnc), d Kdni Alurt, dni d Gdcbstrdth‒s Gdcbstrdth‒s Alurt, wbtj d rbcjt l` dpphdk dpphdk tl d Alurt l` Dpphdk bn rhsphat r hsphat tl kdni kdni adshs, ads hs, abvbk abvbk adshs, dni shnthnahs bn arbgbndk arbgbndk adshs. Yjh pdst twl ihadihs jdvh mhhn d tbgh l` crhdt ajdnch bn Ylncd, hsphabdkky wbtj rhcdri tl bts bnthrndtblndk stdtus st dtus.. Ylncd mhadgh d ghgmhr l` tjh Vdab`ba @lrug dni tjh Vdab`ba Aln`hrhnah, mltj bgplrtdnt rhcblndk mlibhs. Bn 4238, Ylncd ihvhklphi halnlgba dni plkbtbadk plkbtbadk tbhs wbtj w btj tjh Hurlphdn Hurlphdn Halnlgba Alggunbty wbtj w btj d vdrbhty vdrbhty l` D`rba D`rbadn, dn, Adrbmmhdn, dni Vdab`ba V dab`ba ndtblns. Bt mhadgh mha dgh d `ukk ghgmhr l` tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Ndtblns bn =666, ds whkk w hkk ds ds d ghgmhr l` tjh Slrki Yrdih Lrcdnbzdtbln Lrcdnbzdtbln bn =663. Yjh Y jh glst lmvblus mhnh`bt tl Ylncd `rlg bts wbihnbnc dsslabdtbln wbtj ltjhr aluntrbhs jds mhhn tjh bn`klw l` `lrhbcn dbi `rlg ihvhklphi aluntrbhs alunt rbhs dni bnthrndtblndk bnthrndtblndk dchnabhs. Yjbs dbi jds hndmkhi hndmkhi tjh t jh ebncilg ebncilg tl bgprlvh bgprlvh sla bdk shrvb s hrvbahs ahs dni alnstrua alns truatt hsshntb hs shntbdk dk bn`rdstr bn`rdstruaturh. uaturh. Halnlgy Dcrbaukturh dni `bsjbnc drh tjh gdbnstdys l` tjh Ylncdn halnlgy. Yjh gdbn dcrbaukturdk prliuats drh vdrblus vdrblus typhs t yphs l` tdrl, ydgs, adssdvds, adssdvds, swhht s whht pltdtlhs, pltdtlhs, pltdtlhs, pltdtlhs, mdndnds, wdthrghklns, wdthrghklns, pdpdyds, pdpdyds, pbnhdppk pbnhdppkhs, hs, gdnclhs, tlgdtlhs, tlgdtlhs, adrrlts, adrrlts, dni auaugmhrs. auaugmhrs. Yjh Yjh gdbn gdbn adsj arlps drh edvd edvd dni vdnbk vdnbkkd mhdns. ]hahntky, ]hahntky, shd s hd auaugmhr aua ugmhr jds mhalgh d gdolr gdolr hxplrt tl t l Dsbd. Dsbd.
]hgbttdnahs `rlg Ylncdns kbvbnc dmrldi jdvh pkdyhi d sbcnb`badnt rlkh bn tjh halnlgy lvhr tjh pdst `hw ihadihs. Yjh gdolr bgplrts drh thxtbkhs, mubkibnc gdthrbdks, phtrlkhug prliuats, vhjbakhs, dni `lli bthgs. Vhl pkh dni dni Auktur Aukturhh Ylncdns jdvh d whkk-ihvhklphi whkk-ihvhklphi shnsh s hnsh l` a lggunbty mdshi ln d aklsh-enbt aklsh-e nbt hxthnihi `dgbky `dgbky unbt dni d aklsh akls h d``bkbdtb d``bkbdtbln ln tl tjhbr ajura a juraj. j. Ghgmhrs l` Ylncdn `dgbkb `dgbkbhs hs tdeh adrh adr h l` lnh dnltjhr dnltjhr dkglst unalnibtblndkky. Lnh‒s bgghibdth `dgbky bnakuihs crdnipdrhnts, unakhs, dunts, dni alusbns. Bn gdny adshs, ads hs, tjh t jh hntbrh hntbrh `dgbky `dgbky wlres wlr es tlchtjhr tlchtj hr tl pkdnt, pkdnt, jdrvhst, jdrvhs t, alle, dni `bsj. `bsj. Ajbkirhn Ajbkirhn typbadkky typbadkky kbvh kbvh w btj pdrhnts lr crdnipdrhnts crdnipdrhnts d`thr d`thr gdrrbd gdrrbdch, ch, dni bt bs bs unalggln `lr sbnck sbnckhh diuk diuktt ajbkirhn ajbkirhn tl kbvh bvh bnihphni bnihphnihntk hntkyy l` tjhbr `dgbkbhs.
]hkbcb ]hkbcbln ln bs wlvhn bntl dkglst dkglst hvhry hvhr y dsphat dspha t l` idbky idbky kb`h. Ylncdns Y lncdns dtthni ajura a juraj j rhcukdrky dni mkhss mkhss hda j ghdk, ghhtbnc, dni hvhnt wbtj w btj d prdyhr. Ihvlutky Ajrbst Ajrbstbdn, bdn, dkgls dkglstt dkk Ylncdns mhklnc tl lnh l` tjh =6 lr sl ihnlgbndtblns bn Ylncd. Dmlut 91 phrahnt l` tjh plpukdtbln mhklncs tl tjh @rhh Shskhydn Ajuraj l` Ylncd, `lkklwhi my tjh Ajuraj l` Ohsus Ajrbst l` Kdtthr-idy Qdbnts (Glrgln), tjh ]lgdn Adtjlkba Ajuraj, tjh @rhh Ajuraj l` Yln Y lncd, cd, dni tjh Ajuraj l` Ylncd. Y lncd. Kdws Kdws alnahr a lnahrnb nbnc nc tjh Qdmmdtj drh strbatky s trbatky upjhki bn Ylncd, dni vbrtudkky hvhrytjbnc aklshs ln Qunidys, hxahpt `lr hghrchnay `dabkbtbhs, mdehrbhs (bn tjh d`thrnlln), dni slgh tlurbst `dabkbtbhs.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 3
Gdny hkhghnts l` Ylncd‒s Ylncd‒ s rbaj rba j trdibtblndk trdibtblndk a ukturh drh stbkk stbkk prhvdkhnt p rhvdkhnt tlidy, bna bnakuib kuibnc nc tjh t jh whdrbnc w hdrbnc l` tjh td‒lvdkd, d ihalrdtbvh wlvhn gdt tjdt bs tbhi drluni tjh wdbst. Yjhrh drh ahrtdbn td‒lvdkd lr ebhebh (`lr wlghn) `lr ` lr hdaj la adsbln, adsbln, ihthrgbnhi ihthrgbnhi my tjh ndturh l` tjh wlre w lre lnh ilhs ilhs dni lnh‒s s labdk labdk stdtus. stdtus . Plkunthhrs drh usudkky cbvhn d td‒lvdkd my tjhbr jlst `dgbkbhs, dni whdrbnc lnh bn prl`hssblndk dni rhkbcblus rhkbcblus shttbncs shtt bncs hdrns Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs tjh rhspha t l` alggunbty ghgmhrs. Bn glst wlre shttbncs, sht tbncs, ylu drh hxphathi tl whdr aukturdkky dpprlprbdth akltjbnc, hsphabdkky dt clvhrnghnt gbnbstrbhs, bn pkdahs l` musbnhss musbnhss,, dni bn tjh akdssrllg. akdssr llg. Dnltjhr trdibtblndk hkhghnt l` Ylncdn aukturh a ukturh tjdt bs bs stbk s tbkkk ahkh a hkhmrdthi mrdthi tlidy bs idnah, idna h, wjbaj wjba j adn mh trdahi ds `dr mdae ds tjh 48tj ahntury. Nl ahkhmrdtb ahkhmrdtbln ln bn bn Ylncd bs algpkhth wbtjlut slgh `lrg l` idnabnc, dni bgprlgptu idnahs drh alggln tl Ylncd dni ltjhr bskdnis bn tjh Vdab`ba. Yjh klvh l` idnabnc cdvh rbsh tl ` dedpdkh, lr cbvbnc dpprhabdtbln `lr drtbstry dni phr`lrgdnah. Bn glihrn tbghs, tjh d austlg a ustlg adk a dkkkhi `dedpdkh austlg aus tlg jds hxpdnihi hxpdnihi tl bnakuih bnakuih glnhy tuaehi bntl d phr`lrghr‒s a lstugh, lstugh, stu s tuae ae tl jbs lr jhr khcs khcs lr drgs, lr pkdahi dt jbs lr jhr `hht. Plkunthhrs l`thn pdrtbabpdth bn lr lmshrvh Ylncdn idnabnc bn tjhbr alggunbtbhs.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 :
]HQLX]AHQ @L] @X]YJH] BN@L]GDYBLN @lkklwbnc bs d kbst l` whmsbths `lr diibtblndk bn`lrgdtbln dmlut tjh Vhdah Alrps dni Ylncd dni tl alnnhat ylu tl rhturnhi Plkunthhrs dni ltjhr bnvbthhs. Vkhdsh ehhp bn gbni tjdt dktjlucj tjh Vhdah Alrps trbhs tl gdeh surh dkk tjhsh kbnes kbnes drh datbvh dni aurrhnt, tjh t jh Vhdah Alrps adnnlt cudrdnthh bt. bt. B` B ` ylu il nlt jdvh daahss tl tjh Bnthrnht, vbsbt ylur kladk kbmrdry. Kbmrdrbhs l``hr `rhh Bnthrnht usdch dni l`thn kht ylu prbnt bn`lrgdtbln tl tdeh jlgh. D nlth l` adutbln? Ds ylu sur` tjh Bnthrnht, mh dwdrh tjdt ylu gdy `bni mukkhtbn mldris dni ajdt rllgs bn wjbaj phlpkh drh `rhh tl hxprhss lpb lpbnb nblns lns dmlut tjh Vhdah V hdah Alrps mdshi ln tjhbr lwn hxphrbhnahs, hxphrbhnahs, bnakuib bnakuibnc nc algghnts my tjlsh w jl whrh unjdppy wbtj wbtj tjhbr ajlbah tl s hrvh bn tjh Vhdah Alrps. Yjhsh Yjhsh lpbnb lpb nblns lns drh nlt tjlsh l` tjh t jh Vhdah Alrps lr tjh X.Q. X.Q. clvhrnghnt, clvhrnghnt, dni pkhdsh ehhp ehhp bn gbni gbni tjdt nl twl phlpkh phlpkh hxphrbhnah hxphrbhnah tjhbr tjhbr shrvb s hrvbah ah bn bn tjh sdgh wdy. Chnh rdk rdk Bn`lrgd Bn`lrgdtbln tbln Dmlut Ylncd Ylnc d Qtdth.clv Yjh Ihpdrtghnt l` Qtdth‒s whmsbth bssuhs mdaecrluni nlths phrblibadkky dmlut aluntrbhs drluni tjh w lrki. @bni Ylncd dni khdrn glrh dmlut bts bts sla s labdk bdk dni plkbtb plkbtbadk adk jbstlry. Rlu adn dksl cl tl tjh sbth‒s bnthrndtblndk trdvhk shat s hatbln bln tl ajha e ln alnibtb al nibtblns lns tjdt gdy d``hat ylur sd`hty.
Cpl.clv/kbmrdrbhs/pumkba/ Yjh X.Q. Clvhrnghnt Vumkbsjbnc L``bah pumkbsjhs aluntry stuibhs bnthrgbtthntky. kawhm=.kla.clv/`ri/as/asjlgh.jtgk Yjh Kbmrdry l` Alncrhss prlvbihs jbstlrbadk dni slablklcbadk idtd ln nughrlus aluntrbhs. jttp?//unstdts.un.lrc/unsi/plaehtmlle/Slrki\Qtdtbstbas\Vlaehtmlle\=641\hibtbln.pi` Xnbthi Ndtblns Ndt blns rhslura h mlle w btj =641 stdtbstbadk stdtbst badk a luntry idtd. Idtd.un.lrc Xnbthi Ndtblns Ndt blns sbth wbtj kbnes kbnes tl idtd `rlg X.N. X.N. ghgmhr aluntrbhs. a luntrbhs. Sbebphibd.lrc Qhdra j `lr Ylncd tl `bni hnayaklphibd-typh hnay aklphibd-typh bn`lr bn`lrgdtbln. gdtbln. Nlth? Ds Sbebphibd Sbebphibd alnthnt a lnthnt bs ushr-chnhrdthi, ushr- chnhrdthi, bn`lrgdtbln gdy mh mbdshi dni/lr nlt vhrb`bhi. Slrkimdne.lrc Yjh Slrki Mdne Mdne Crlup‒s Crlup‒ s gbssbln gbss bln bs bs tl `bcjt ` bcjt plvhrty dni bgprlvh bgprlvh tjh kbvbnc kbvbnc stdnidris st dnidris l` phlpkh bn tjh ihvhklpbnc ihvhklpbnc w lrki. Bt bs d ihvhklpghnt mdne tjdt prlvbihs kldns, kldns, plkbay divbah, divba h, thajnbadk tha jnbadk dssbstdna dss bstdnah, h, dni enlwkhich-sjdrbnc shrvbahs tl ihvhklpbnc aluntrbhs tl rhiuah plvhrty. Yjbs sbth alntdbns d klt l` bn`lrgdtbln dni rhslurahs rhcdribnc ihvhklpghnt. Idtd.wlrkimdne.lrc/aluntry Vrlvbihs bn`lrgdtbln bn`lrg dtbln ln ihvhklpghnt ihvhklpghnt bnibadtlrs ln aluntrbhs, alunt rbhs, bnakuibnc plpukdtbln, plpukdtbln, chnihr, `bndnabdk ` bndnabdk,, dni hiuadtbln, hiuadtbln, dni ak a kbgdth bgdth ajdnch stdtbstbas. jttp?//www.klnhkypkdnht.alg/ihstbndtblns Pbsbt tjbs sbth `lr chnhrdk chnhr dk trdvhk divbah dmlut dkgls dkglstt dny aluntry a luntry bn tjh wlrki. wlr ki.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 2
Alnnhat Sbtj ]hturnhi Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs dni Ltjhr Bnvbthh s]VAP.lrc Yjbs bs tjh sbth s bth l` tjh Ndtblndk Vhdah Vhda h Alrps Dssla bdtbln, bdtbln, gdih up l` rhturnhi Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs.. Ln tjbs sbth ylu adn `bni kbnes kbnes tl dkk dkk tjh Shm pdchs l` tjh ‛@rbhnis l`‗ crlups `lr ` lr glst gls t aluntrbhs l` shrvbah, algprbshi l` `lrghr Plkunthhrs wjl shrvhi bn tjlsh aluntrbhs. Yjhrh drh dksl rhcblndk crlups tjdt `rhquhntky cht tlchtjhr `lr slabdk hvhnts dni kladk vlkunthhr datbvbtbhs. VhdahAlrpsSlrkiwbih.lrc Yjbs sbth, jlsthi jls thi my d crlup l` rhturnhi rht urnhi Plkunthhr Plkunthhr wrbthrs , bs d glntjky lnkbnh lnkbnh pumkbadtbln l` hssdys hss dys dni Plkunthhr lkunthhr da alunts l` tjhbr Vhdah Alrps s hrvb hrvbah. ah. Lnkbnh Lnkbnh Drtbakhs Drtbakhs /Aurr /Aurrhh nt Nhw Nh ws Qbth Qbth s Dmlut Ylncd XN.lrc/Nhws/ Yjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Ndtblns nhws shrvbah shr vbah prlvbihs alvhrdch l` bts bts ghgmhr stdths s tdths dni bn`lrg bn`lrgdtbln dtbln dmlut dmlut tjh bnthrndtblndk phdahehhpbnc lrcdnbzdtbln‒s datblns dni plsbtblns.
PLDnhws.alg Plbah l` Dghrbad, tjh X.Q. clvhrnghnt‒s guktbghibd mrldiadsthr, `hdturhs alvhrdch l` nhws drluni tjh wlrki. www.tlncdtdpu.nht.tl ‛Ylncd ln tjh ‚Nht‗ alntdb a lntdbns ns a ukturdk ukturdk bn`lrgdtbl bn`lrgdtbln, n, stlrbh s tlrbhs, s, jbstlry, jbstlry, hta. jttp?//www.tlncdjlkbidy.alg/ Yjh Ylncd Y lncd Ylurbsg Dutjlrbty Dutjlrbty whmsbth whms bth prlvbihs prlvbihs chnhrdk bn`lrgdtbl bn`lrgdtbln, n, gdps, pbatur pbaturhs, hs, dni sdgpk s dgpkhs hs l` trdibtblndk Ylncdn sbncbnc. www.tlncdstdr.alg/ Yjh sbth l` tjh Ylncd Qtdr (bn Hnckbsj Hnckbsj dni Ylncdn) www.nlgld.alg/bnihx.pjp Aurrhnt nhws dni kbn kbnes es dmlut Ylncd Y lncd my Ylncdns jttp?//www.gdtdncbtlncd.tl/drtbakh/cklmdk\bnihx.sjtgk Aurrhnt nhws dmlut Ylncd my Ylncdns Bnthrndtblndk Ihvhklpghnt Qbths Dmlut Ylncd www.dusdbi.clv.du/ Dustrdkbd‒s bnthrndtblndk dbi dchnay
www.a-splip.lrc/Adndid\Vdab`ba/
[email protected] Adndid @uni bn tjh Vdab`ba www.nzdbi.clvt.nz/prlcrdgghs/a-tlncd.jtgk Nhw _hdk _hdkdni dni Dchnay Dchnay `lr Bnthrndtblndk Bnthrndtblndk Ihvhklpghnt Ihvhklpghnt www.usdbi.clv/ X.Q. .Q . Dchnay `lr Bnthrndtblndk Bnthr ndtblndk Ihvhklpghnt Ihvhklpghnt www.unip.lrc/ Xnbthi Ndtblns Ihvhklpghnt Vrlcrdggh YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 46
www.sprhp.lrc Qlutj Vdab`ba ]hcblndk Hnvbrlnghnt Vrlcrdggh
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 44
]hal gghnih ghnih i M lles lles Ml les Dmlut tjh tjh Jbstlry l` tjh Vh dah Alrps 4. Jl``gdn, l`` gdn, Hkbzdmh Hkbzdmhtj tj Almms. ‛Dkk ‛Dkk Rlu Nhhi bs Klvh? Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps dni tjh Qpbrbt Qpbrbt l` tjh 4206s.‗ Adgmrbich, GD? Jdrvdri Xnbvhrsbty Vrhss, =666. =. ]bah, Chrdki Y. ‛Yjh Mlki Mlki Hxphrbghnt? O@E‒s O @E‒s Vhdah Vhda h Alrps.‗ Alrps. ‗ Nltrh Idgh, BN? Xnbvhrsbty Xnbvhrsbty l` Nltrh Idgh Idgh Vrhss, 42:8. 1. Qtlsshk, Qaltt. ‛Qdrch? Yjh Kb`h dni Ybghs l` Qdrchnt Qjrbvhr.‗ Sdsjbnctln, IA? Qgbtjslnbdn Bnstbtutbln Bnstbtutbln Vrhss, Vrhss , =669. 9. Ghbskhr, Ghbskhr, Qtdnkhy. ‛Sjhn tjh Slrki Adkks? Adkks? Yjh Bnsbih Bns bih Qtlry Qtlr y l` tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps dni bts bts @brst @brs t 86 Rhdrs.‗ Mlstln? Mhdaln Mhdaln Vrhss, Vrhss , =644. Ml les ln tjh Plkun Plkunthh thh r Hxphrbhnah 4. Ibrkdg, Ibrkdg, Qjdrln. ‛Mhylni ‛Mhylni Qbmhrbd? Qbmhrbd? Ywl Y wl Rhdrs bn d @lrcltt @l rcltthn hn Vkda Vkda h.‗ Qdntd Mdrmdrd, Mdrmdrd, AD? GaQhds Mlles, =669. =. Adshmlkt, Gdrolrbh IhGlss. IhGls s. ‛Gdrcdrbtd? D Cudthgdkdn Cudthgdkdn Vhda h Alrps Hxphrbhnah.‗ Cbc Jdrmlr, Jdrmlr, SD? ]hi Dppkh Vumkbsjbnc, =666. 1. Hrigdn, Qdrdj. Qdr dj. ‛Nbnh Jbkks bkks tl Ndgmlnedjd? Ywl Yw l Rhdrs Rhdrs bn tjh Jhdrt Jhdrt l` dn D`rbadn Pbkk Pbkkdch.‗ dch.‗ Nhw Rlre Abty? Vbadilr, =661. 9. Jhsskhr, hss khr, Vhthr. ‛]bvhr Ylwn? Ylw n? Ywl Yw l Rhdrs Rhdrs ln tjh Rdnctzh.‗ Rdnctzh.‗ Nhw Rlre Abty? Abty? Vhrhnnbdk, =664. 8. Ehnnhiy, Chrdkibnh hi. ‛@rlg tjh Ahnthr l` tjh Hdrtj? Qtlrbhs lut l` tjh Vhdah Alrps.‗ Qdntd Glnbad, Glnbad, AD? AD? Aklvhr Aklvhr Vdre V dre Vrhss , 4224. 0. Yjlgshn, Glrbtz. ‛Kbvbnc Vllr? D Vhdah Alrps Ajrlnbakh.‗ Qhdttkh? Xnbvhrsbty l` Sdsjbnctln Vrhss, Vrhss , 4223 (rhprbnt). (rhprbnt).
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 4=
KBPBNC KBP BNC ALNIB AL NIBYBLNQ YBLNQ DNI PLKXNYHH PL KXNYHH] ] KB@HQYRKH KB@HQYRKH Alggunbadtblns @hw aluntrbhs al untrbhs bn tjh wlrki l``hr tjh khvhk l` gdbk shrvbah s hrvbah alnsbihrhi a lnsbihrhi nlrgdk bn tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths . Gdbk usudkky tdehs d gbnbgug l` tw l whhes tl drrbvh bn Ylncd dni slgh sl gh gdbk gdbk gdy sbgpky nlt drrbvh. drr bvh. @lrtundthky @lrtundthky tjbs bs nlt d `rhquhnt laa urrhnah, mut mut bt ilhs jdpphn. jdpphn. Yjb Y jbss bs nlt ghdnt tl ibsa ibsalurdch lurdch ylu, mut tl prhpdrh ylu `lr tjh rhdkbtbhs rhdkbtbhs l` bnthrndtblndk gdbk gdbk s hrvbah bn tjh Qlutj Vdab`b Vda b`ba. a. Ihspbth tjh ihkdys, ihkdys, ylu yl u drh hnalurdchi tl wrbth tl ylur `dgbky rhcukdrky dni tl ihvhklp d wdy l` trdaebnc khtthrs’suaj ds nugmhrbnc tjhg. @dgbky ghgmhrs typbadkky typbadkky mhalgh w lrrbhi wjhn wj hn tjhy il nlt jhdr `rlg ylu, sl bt bs d clli bihd bihd tl divbsh tjhg tjdt gdbk shrvbah shr vbah bs bs splrdiba s plrdiba dni tjdt tjhy sjluki nlt wlrry wlr ry b` tjhy il nlt rhahbvh rha hbvh ylur khtthrs rhcukdrky. Mhsbihs, Mhsbihs, unkhss ylu drh ln dn luthr bskdni, ylu wbkk wbkk jdvh rhcukdr daahs da ahsss tl hgdbk.
Rlur sphab`ba diirhss iurbnc shrvbah wbkk ihphni ln ylur sbth kladtbln, wjbaj bs ihthrgbnhi iurbnc tjh trdbnbnc prlahss. Yjh gdbn Vhdah Alrps l``bah bn Nueu‒dkl`d bs jhrh? X.Q. Vhdah Alrps V.L. Mlx 493 Nueu‒dkl`d, Nueu‒dkl`d, Ylncd, Qlutj Vdab`ba Vdab`ba Plkunthhrs w jl shrvh ln Ylncdtdpu, Ylncd‒s gdbn gdbn bskdni, bskdni, alkk al kkhat hat tjhbr gdbk `rlg tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps l``bah. Gdbk Gdbk `lr ` lr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs ln luthr bskdnis bs bs rhahbvh rha hbvhi i dt tjh Vhdah Alrps l``bah l` `bah dni `lrw drihi tl tjh bskdnis bskdnis vbd tjh kladk dbrkb dbrkbnh nh lr tjh kladk `hrry `hrr y shrvbah lnah lna h d w hhe. Gdbk Gdbk `lr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs kbvbnc kbvbnc bn Pdvd‒u, Pdvd‒u, Jd‒dpdb, Jd‒dpdb, dni ‚Hud adn mh shnt ibrhatky tl tjh plst pls t l``bahs kladthi kladthi ln tjlsh tjls h bskdnis. bskdnis. Vlstdk diirhsshs `lr dkk plst plst l``bahs drh prlvbihi prlvbihi upln drrbvdk drrbvdk bn-aluntry. bn-aluntry. Iurbnc Iurbnc ylur `brst sbx glntjs l` shrvbah, ylu adn rhahbvh lvhrshds pdaedchs wbtjlut pdybnc austlgs iutbhs. Lnah ylu enlw ylur sbth kladtbln, ylu adn divbsh ylur `dgbky dni `rbhnis dmlut tjh dpprlprbdth diirhss tl ush. Yhkhpjlnhs Adkkb Adkkbnc nc tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths `rlg Ylncd Y lncd bs bs hxphnsbvh dni lnky lnky ‛unklae ‛unklaehi‗ hi‗ X.Q. X.Q. ahkkpjlnhs wbkk wlre w lre bn Ylncd.
@rbhnis dni `dgbky `dgbky bn tjh X.Q. .Q . gdy adkk Plkunthhrs. Plkunthhrs. Glst Gls t Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs il nlt jdvh kdnikb kdnikbnh nh pjlnhs, mut tjh Vhdah Alrps wbkk prlvbih ylu wbtj d ahkkpjlnh upln drrbvdk. Yl adkk tjh X.Q. `rlg Ylncd, Plkunthhrs gust purajdsh Ylncdn thkhpjlnh adris kladkky `rlg shrvbah prlvbihrs YAA lr Ibcbahk. Yjhrh bs nhbtjhr d ajdrch nlr d glntjky `hh `lr bnalgbnc adkks ln glmbkh pjlnhs. Arhibt `lr ahkkpjlnhs (‛pdy ds ylu cl‗) adn mh pura jdshi dt dkglst dny sgdkk sjlp tjrlucjlut tjh ebncilg, ebncilg, hvhn bn pkdahs pkdahs wjhrh tjhrh bs nl hkhatrbabty. Algputh Algputhr, r, Bnth Bnthrn rnhh t, dni dni Hgdbk Hgdbk Daah ss Gdny Plkunthhrs ajllsh tl mrbnc phrslndk kdptlps tl Ylncd dni drh jdppy wbtj tjhbr ihabsbln tl il sl. Jlwhvhr, lw hvhr, b` ylu drh tjbnebnc tjbnebnc dmlut mrbncbnc mrbncbnc d kdptlp, pkhdsh alnsbihr a lnsbihr tjh `lkklw `lkklwbnc? bnc? Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd Alrps/ Ylncd adnnlt cudrdnthh tjh sd`hty l` ylur algputhr lr rhpkdah bt b` bt bs idgdchi lr stlkhn. Ylncd‒s jugbi akbgdth, akbgdth, dnts, dni iusty alnib a lnibtbl tblns ns a dn mh jdri ln hkhatrlnbas. hkhatrlnbas.
Bnthrnht Bnthr nht shrvbah shrv bah bs bs wbihk w bihky y dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh bn Bnthrnht Bnthrn ht ad`hs tjrlucj tjh gdbn bskdnis bskdnis l` Ylncdtdpu Y lncdtdpu dni Pdvd‒u, Pdvd‒u, mut btbt hxphnsbvh tl jdvh Bnthrnht daa daa hss bnstdkk bnstdkkhi hi bn ylur ylur jlgh dni tjh plwhr plwhr suppky hxphrbhnahs hxphrbhnahs `rhquhnt surchs. Yjhrh drh twl algputhrs wbtj Bnthrnht daahss dt Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd‒s gdbn l``bah bn tjh adpbtdk abty l` Nueu‒dkl`d. Nueu‒dkl`d. YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 41
Gdny l` ylu gbcjt mh tjbnebnc tjbnebnc l` arhdtbnc ar hdtbnc w hmsbths lr mklcs ds d wdy w dy tl alggunba alggunba dth wbtj ylur `dgbky `dgbky dni `rbhnis. `rbhnis. B` ylu drh tjbnebn tjbnebncc l` usbn us bnc c tjbs typh l` alggunbadtbln, alggunbadtbln, ylu gust gus t sphde s phde wbtj wbtj ylur a lunt luntry ry ibrhatlr ibrhatlr `brst, ds tjhrh bs slgh vhry s phab`ba phab`ba bn`lrgdtbln bn`lrgdtbln ylu nhhi tl enlw mh`lrh ylu cht stdrthi. st drthi. Jlusbnc dni Qbth Kladtbln Plkunthhrs‒ jlst jl st lrcdnbzd lr cdnbzdtblns tblns drh rhsplnsbmkh rhs plnsbmkh `lr bihntb`ybnc dni prlvbibnc sd`h sd` h dni subtdmkh subtdmkh jlusbnc jlus bnc bn bn daalridnah daa lridnah wbtj tjh Vhdah Alrps‒ arb a rbthrbd thrbd.. Jlusbnc Jlusbnc rdnchs `rlg ` rlg d lnh-rllg `dkh Ylncd (trdib ( trdibtblndk tblndk jut) wbtj d tjdtajhi tjdta jhi rll` tl d twltw l- lr tjrhh-mhirllg tjrhh-mhirllg wllihn lr abnihrmk abnihrmklae lae jlush jlus h wbtj vhry mdsba `urnbturh. `urnbturh. Vhdah Vhda h Alrps/Ylncd Alrps/Y lncd dses jlst dchnabhs tl prlvbih prbvdth mdtj dni tlbkht tlbkht `dabkb ` dabkbtbhs5 tbhs5 jlwhvhr, jlw hvhr, laadsblndk la adsblndkky ky Plkunthhrs gdy jdvh tl sjdrh `dabk `da bkbtb btbhs hs w btj d nhbcjmlr.
Ds daa hss tl hkhatrbabty, runnb r unnbnc nc wdthr, wdt hr, dni ltjhr dghnbtbhs dghnbtbhs vdrbhs w bihky, bihky, ylu wbk w bkkk nhhi tl t l mh `khxbmk `khxbmkh. h. Qlgh Plkunthhrs jdvh hkhatrba kbcjts dni lutkhts, `kusj tlbkhts, dni runnbnc wdthr bn tjhbr jlghs. Ltjhrs sphni hvhnbncs rhdibnc my ehrlshnh kdgp, slkdr kdnthrn, lr adnikh, ush d pbt kdtrbnh, dni alkkhat wdthr `rlg d rdbn tdne nhdr tjhbr jlghs. Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps wbk w bkkk prlvbih ylu wbtj w btj d slkdr kdnthrn, d kb`h kb`h vhst, d mbeh mbeh jhkght (b` nhahss nha hssdry), dry), dni dn DG/@G rdibl. Lnah ylu mhalgh d Plkunthhr, ylu wbkk rhahbvh d shttkbnc-bn dkklwdnah tl purajdsh diibtblndk jlushjlki nhahssbtbhs. Vhdah Alrps std`` ghgmhrs gdeh sbth vbsbts tl Plkunthhrs tl prlvbih lnclbnc supplrt dni tl `lkklw up ln dny jlusbnc lr sd`hty bssuhs tjdt drbsh. Jlwhvhr, Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs drh hnalurdchi hna lurdchi tl alntdat std`` b` tjhrh drh dny sd`hty-rhk sd`hty-r hkdthi dthi bgprlvhghnts bgprlvhghnts nhhihi nhhihi ``lr lr tjhb t jhbrr jlghs. Kbvbnc Dkklwdnah dni Glnhy Gdndchghnt Plkunthhrs rhahbvh rha hbvh d glntjky dkklw dkklwdnah dnah bn Ylncdn aurr a urrhnay hnay tjdt bs su``babhnt tl kbvh kbvh dt tjh khvhk l` tjh kladk phlpkh. Yjh dkklwdnah alvhrs `lli, jlusbnc, jlushjlki suppkbhs, akltjbnc, trdnsplrtdtbln tl dni `rlg wlre, utbkbtbhs, rharhdtbln dni hnthrtdbnghnt, dni bnabihntdk hxphnshs. Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhrs drh hxphathi hxphat hi tl kbvh kbvh dt d khvhk tjdt bs algpdrdmkh algpdr dmkh w btj tjdt l` tjhbr tjhbr jlst aluntry a luntry alunthrpdrts. a lunthrpdrts. Yjh Vhdah Alrps ibsalurdchs ibsa lurdchs Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs `rlg ` rlg suppkhghntbnc tjhbr tjhbr kbvbnc kbvbnc dkklwdnah dkklwdna h wbtj `unis `rlg `r lg jlgh.
Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd wbkk dssbst ylu bn hstdmkbsjbnc d kladk mdne daalunt wjhrh jbs lr jhr glntjky kbvbnc dkklw dkklwdnah dnah bs ihplsbthi. i hplsbthi. Aurrhntky, Aurr hntky, tjh kbvb kbvbnc nc dkklw dkklwdnah dnah bs 3== pd‒dncd (YLV), (YLV ), rlucjky hqubvdkhnt hqubvdkhnt tl XQ$18=. D vdadtbln dkklwdna dkklwdnahh l` XQ$=9 phr glntj bs diihi tl ylur glntjky kbvb kbvbnc nc dkklw dkklwdnah. dnah. Dksl, tlwdri tlw dri tjh hni l` prh-shrvbah prh-s hrvbah trdbnbnc, d lnh-tbgh shttkbnc-bn shttkbnc-bn dkklw dkklwdnah dnah l` YLV4,686, YLV 4,686, rlucjky rlucjky hqubvdkhnt hqubvdkhnt tl XQ$844 XQ$844 w bkk bkk mh ihplsbthi bntl bntl ylur yl ur daalunt daa lunt tl muy mdsba jlushjlki bthgs wjhn ylu glvh tl ylur sbth. B` tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps dses ylu tl trdvhk, ylu wbkk wbkk mh cbvhn cbvhn diibtblndk glnhy `lr trdns plrtdtbln plrtdt bln dni ghdks. ghdks. Yjh dglunt bs hstdmkbsjhi hstdmkbsjhi my tjh ibrhatlr l` gdndchghnt gdndchghnt dni lphrdtblns, lphrdtblns, mdshi ln tjh kladk alst l` trdnsplrtdtbln dni klicbnc. Glst Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs `bni tjhy a dn kbvh kbvh a lg`lr lg`lrtdmky tdmky bn bn Ylncd wbtj w btj tjhsh dkklw dkklwdnahs dnahs . Sjbkh Sjbkh gdny Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs mrbnc `unis tl alvhr tjh alst als t l` trdvhk trdvhk iurb iurbnc nc vdadtblns, vdadtblns, ylu drh strlnck strlnckyy ibsa ibsalur lurdchi dchi `rlg suppkh suppkhghntb ghntbnc nc ylur bnalgh wbtj w btj glnhy `rlg jlgh. Rlu drh hxphathi tl kbvh kbvh dt tjh t jh sdgh halnlgba haln lgba khvhk ds ylur nhbcjmlrs dni alkkhdcuhs.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 49
Arhibt Arhibt adris adn mh ushi bn d `hw hstdmkbsjghnts hstdmkbsjghnts bn tjh adpbtdk adpbtdk dni dni drh ush`uk `lr vdadtblns dni lvhrshds trdvhk. Yrdvhkhr‒s ajhaes dni phrslndk ajhaes adn mh adsjhi dt d kladk mdne `lr d sgdkk `hh, mut tjhrh drh `hw rhtdbk rhtdbk hstdmkbsjghnts hstdmkbsjghnts bn Ylncd tjdt daa hpt tjhg. @lli dni Ibht Ylncdn ghdks ghdks alnsb alns bst l` stdpk s tdpkhh `llis, suaj ds ydg, tdrl, swhht pltdtl, adssdvd, adssdvd, `bsj, plre, dni adnn a dnnhi hi ghdts. @rhsj `bsj adn a dn mh purajdshi `rlg gdrehts gdrehts dni kladk kladk `bsjhrghn tjrlucjlut Ylncd. Ln Qunidys dni `lr sphabdk laadsblns, Ylncdn `dgbkbhs prhpdrh `lli wbtj dn unihrcrluni lvhn adkkhi dn ‚ugu.
Ylncdn `lli bs chnhrdkky alnsbihrhi mkdni my Dghrbadn stdnidris. ]llt arlps drh mlbkhi, mdehi, lr `rbhi dni l`thn shrvhi wbtj sdkt dt hvhry ghdk. Lnblns, cdrkba, aurry plwihr, sly sduah, dni ajbkb phpphrs drh usudkky dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkh, h, mut shkilg ushi bn bn `lli ` lli prhpdrdtbln. Rlur ibht wbk w bkkk vdry v dry ihphnibnc ln ylur sbth dni phrslndk phrs lndk prh`hrhnahs prh`hr hnahs.. Bn tjh adpbtdk dni tjh tlwn ahnthrs a hnthrs,, ylu wbkk `bni d rhdslndmkh rhds lndmkh vdrbhty l` bgplrthi dni kkla ladkk dkky y crlwn crlw n `llis. `llis . Mrhdi, Mrhdi, rlkk r lkks, s, pdstrbhs, pdstr bhs, dni dni bah bah arhdg ar hdg drh rhdibky rhdibky dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh bn tjh abty ahnthrs ahnt hrs,, mut drh undvdbkdmkh undvdbkdmkh bn bn rhglth r hglth vbkkdch vbkkdchss dni luthr bskdnis. bskdnis. Nllikhs, Nllikhs, `klur, sucdr, rbah, rbah, hccs, mutthr, mutthr, gbke, gbke, adnnhi `bsj, ghdt, ghdt, shdslndk shdslndk `rubts, dni d `hw `hw mdsba mdsba vhchtdmkhs drh dvdbkdmkh dvdbkdmkh bn glst sgdkk s gdkk sjlps ln tjh gdbn gdbn bskdnis. bskdnis. Yjh Y jh kbvb kbvbnc nc dkklw dkklwdnah dnah bs s u``babhnt u``ba bhnt tl muy slgh bgplrthi `rhsj dni adnnhi `rubts dni vhchtdmkhs vhchtdmkhs tl tdeh tl rhglth sbth s bths. s. Bt bs plssbmkh mut ib``baukt tl gdbntdbn d vhchtdrbdn ibht bn Ylncd wbtj slgh plthntbdk aukturdk ajdkkhnchs. D ghdk wbtjlut w btjlut ghdt bs bs alnsbihrhi a lnsbihrhi bnalgpkhth dni bndihqudth my Ylncdn stdnidris. stdnidr is. Yjbs Yjbs gdehs bt ib``baukt tl hxpkdbn hxpkdbn w jy lnh wluki ajllsh ajlls h d vhchtdrbdn ibht. ibht. Sjhn kbvbnc kbvbnc wbtj lr vbsbtbnc vbsbtbnc Ylncdn `dgbkbhs, `dgbkbhs, ylu wbkk mh l``hrhi trdibtb tr dibtblndk lndk `llis ` llis55 Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs drh hnalurdchi hnalu rdchi tl try kladk a ubsbnh lut l` rhsphat `lr ` lr tjhbr tjhbr jlsts. jlsts . Pbsbtlrs usudkky hdt lnky wbtj shkhathi ghgmhrs l` tjh `dgbky, wbtj ajbkirhn hdtbnc bn d ib``hrhnt pkdah. Bt bs alggln prdatbah bn Ylncd tl hdt wbtj ylur jdnis. Hdtbnc dni irbnebnc wjbkh stdnibnc lr wdkebnc bs nlt alnsbi alns bihrhi hrhi dpprlprbdth, dpprlprbdth, hvhn tjlucj ylu gdy shh ltjhrs ilb ilbnc nc tjbs. Yrdnsplrtdtbln Plkunthhrs gdy mrbnc mbayakhs mbaya khs `rlg jlgh jlg h lr muy tjhg kladkky, tjlucj tjh qudkbty qudkbty l` kladkky dvdbkdmkh dvdbkdmkh mbaya mbayakh khss bs nlt nlt clli clli my Dghrbadn stdnidris. B` d Plk Plkunthhr unthhr mrbn mrbncs cs d mbe mbehh `rlg tjh Xnbthi nbthi Qtdths, jh lr sjh bs rhsplnsbmkh `lr tjh trdnsplrtdtbln alsts (usudkky dbrkbnh `hhs) `rlg tjh Plkunthhr‒s jlgh l` rhalri tl Ylncd. Ibstdnahs drh rhdslndmkh rhdslndmkh `lr mbeh mbeh trdvhk bn bn Ylncd, dni tjh klw trd``ba ihnsbty bs alniuabvh a lniuabvh tl mbaya mbayakkbnc. bnc. Mbayakb Mbayakbnc nc prlvb prlvbihs ihs lpplrtunbtbh lpplrtunbtbhss tl cht cht tl enlw kladk kladk alggunbtbhs alggunbtbhs dni surrlunibnc aluntrysbi aluntrys bih, h, ds whkk ds ds tl cht slgh s lgh clli pjysbadk hxhrabsh. hxhrabsh. Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd Alrps/Ylncd bssuhs jhkghts jhkghts tl Plkunthhrs wjl lwn mbayakhs lr ylu gdy mrbnc ylur lwn. Nlth? Shdrbnc d jhkght bs gdnidtlry `lr mbaya mbayakh kh ush.
Kladk mushs dni tdxbs run ln Ylncdtdpu, Jd‒dpdb, dni Pdvd‒u dni thni tl mh rhdslndmky prbahi. Yrdvhk dglnc bskdnis bskdnis bs my dbr, dbr, mldt, lr mltj. mltj . D a lgghra bdk dbrkbnh dbrkbnh jds j ds rhcukdr `kbcjts `kbcjts `rlg ` rlg tjh gdbn bskdni tl tjh ltjhr gdolr bskdnis l` Ylncd, dni bnthr-bskdni `hrrbhs prlvbih shrvbah tl luthr bskdnis, kdrch dni sgdkk, tjrlucjlut Ylncd. @lr sd`hty rhdslns, Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd prljbmbts Plkunthhrs `rlg lwnbnc, irbvbnc, lr rbibnc ln gltlrayakhs dni `rlg lwnbnc lr irbvbnc prbvdth adrs `lr dny rhdsln. Pblkdtbln l` tjhsh plkbabhs gdy rhsukt bn tjh thrgbndtbln l` ylur Plkunthhr shrvbah.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 48
Chlcrdpj Chl crdpjy y dni Akbgdth Akbgdth Yjh Ebncilg l` Ylncd alnsbsts l` 434 bskdnis, 10 l` wjbaj drh bnjdmbthi, dni bs sprhdi lvhr 499,666 squdrh gbkhs (106,666 squdrh ebklghthrs) l` lahdn. Yjh tltdk kdni drhd bs lnky =0: squdrh gbkhs (036 squdrh squdr h ebklghthrs) ebklghthrs),, dmlut tjh sbzh s bzh l` Ghgpjbs, Yhnn. Y hnn. Dmlut 33 phrahnt l` tjh t jh tltdk kdni kdni drhd dr hd bs bs drdmkh’ tjh jbcjhst phrahntdch bn tjh wlrki. Yjh jbcjhst plbnt bn tjh bskdni crlups bs Edl, wjbaj rbshs tl lvhr 1,166 `hht (4,666 ghthrs).
Ylncd kbhs whst l` tjh Bnthrndtblndk Idth Kbnh, wjbaj wds mhnt tl bnakuih Ylncd bn tjh sdgh tbgh zlnh ds bts nhbcjmlrs. nhbcjmlrs. @lr tjbs rhdsln, Ylncd bs lnh l` tjh `brst a luntr luntrbh bhss bn tjh wlrki w lrki tl whkalgh hdaj nhw idy. Yjh bskdnis bskdnis l` Ylncd whrh `lrghi ln tlp l` twl tw l pdrdkkh pdrdkkhkk sumgdrbnh sumgdrbnh rbichs. rbichs. Mhtwhhn tjh tw l rbichs bs tjh sjdkklw Yl`ud Yrlucj, wjbaj bs 14 gbkhs (86 ebklghthrs) wbih. Dklnc tjh whsthrn rbich drh gdny vlkadnlhs, vlk adnlhs, glst l` wjb w jbaj aj drh ilrgdnt. ilrgdnt. Edl, Edl, Kdth, @lnudkhb @lnudkhb,, dni Yd`djb Y d`djb drh tjh rhgdbns rhgdbns l` alnhs a lnhs `lrghi d`thr vblkhnt vblkhnt vlkadnba hruptblns hrupt blns gbkk gbkkblns blns l` yhdrs dcl. Yjh lahdn la hdn whst l` tjhsh rbichs bs bs enlwn enlw n ds tjh Ylncd Yrhnaj. Bt bs 4,:06 gbkhs (1,666 ebklghthrs) klnc dni 0= gbkhs (466 ebklghthrs) wbih dni hxthnis `rlg Qdgld tl tjh slutjhdst s lutjhdst l` Nhw _hdkd _hdkdni. ni. Dt lnh plbnt plbnt tjh trhnaj ihsa hnis tl 18,043 `hht (46,321 (46,321 ghthrs), tjh shalni sha lni ihhphst ihhphst trhnaj bn bn tjh Vdab`ba Lahdn. ‚Hud, ln tjh hdsthrn rbich, rbich, bs lnh l` tjh lkihst lkihst bskdnis bn tjh Vdab`ba. ‚Hud jds sthhp s thhp akb``s akb``s ln bts hdsthrn sbih dni bs jlgh tl lnh l` tjh kdst rhgdbnbnc rdbn `lrhsts bn Ylncd. Ylncd‒s Ylncd‒ s akb a kbgdth gdth bs gbki gbki tl jlt, jugbi, dni glihrdthky wht. Dktjlucj Dktjlucj tjh thgphrdturh thgphrdtur h vdrbhs vdrbhs kbttkh, kbttkh, tjhrh drh ibstbnat ibstbnat wht dni iry shdslns. shdslns . Yjh wht shds s hdsln, ln, wjbaj dksl mrbncs ay a yaklnhs, bs bs `rlg Nlvhgmhr tl Dprbk Dprbk,, wbtj dvhrdch thgphrdturhs thgphrdturhs l` 33‑:4 ihcrhhs @djrhnjhbt. @djrhnjhbt. Yjh iry shdsln bs `rlg ` rlg Gdy Gdy tl Latlmhr, La tlmhr, wbtj thgphrdturhs l` 34‑38 @ (dt ( dt nbcjt, nbcjt, bt adn cht ds allk ds 06 ihcrhhs). Yjh akbgdth akbgdth l` nlrtjhrn Ylncd (h.c., Nbudtlputdp Nbudtlputdpu u dni dni Nbud`l‒lu) Nbud`l‒lu) bs bs dmlut 8 ihcrhhs ihcrhhs jltthr tjdn tjh rhst l` Ylncd dni dni jds jds glrh rdbn`dk rdbn`dkk. k. Yjh bskdnis‒ bskdnis‒ mhdajhs dni rhh`s drh jlgh tl nughrlus s phabhs phabhs l` `bsj, stdr`bsj, stdr`bsj, ardms, dni ltjhr sjhkk sjhkk`bsj. Vlrplbshs, s jdres, shd turtkhs, turtkhs, dni gbcrdtbn gbcrdtbnc c jugpmdae wjdkhs wjdkhs adn mh shhn s hhn bn bn tjh wdthrs w dthrs drluni Yln Y lncd. cd. Yjh lnky kdni gdggdk ndtbvh tl Ylncd bs tjh `kybnc `lx. Qlabdk Datbvbtb Datbvbtbhh s Ylncdns drh vhry slabdk dni hnoly thdg splrts. ]ucmy bs tjh ndtblndk splrt, dni glst vbkkdchs dksl jdvh algphtbtblns al gphtbtblns bn bn vlkkhymdkk, vlkkhymdkk, mdsehtmdkk mdseht mdkk,, tdmkh thnnbs, slaa s laa hr, dni thnnbs, wjbaj drh dkglst hxakusbvhky hxakusbvhky gdkh gdkh splrts splr ts.. Slghn pkdy pkdy nhtmdkk, nhtmdkk, `bhki `bhki jlaehy, jla ehy, dni slghtbghs vlkkhymdkk vlkkhymdkk dni sla s laahr ahr.. Glvbhs, Glvbhs, vbihls, a dri cdghs, dni idnahs drh dksl dksl gdolr `lrgs l` rharh rha rhdtb dtbln. ln. Ghn cdtjhr tl irbne edvd rllt oubah, oubah, alnvhrsh, alnvhrs h, dni sbnc kdth kdth bntl tjh nbcjt. @dgbkbhs @dgbkbhs jdvh pban pbanbas bas ln tjh mhdaj `lr s phabdk laads la adsblns, blns, dni `hdstbnc `hds tbnc bs bs dn dpprlprbdth wdy tl ahkhmrdth dnytjbnc dni hvhrytjbnc bn Ylncd.
Ghn trdibtb tr dibtblndkk lndkky y mubki mubki mldts, mldts , adnlhs, a dnlhs, dni jlushs dni drh prl`babhnt bn wlliadrvb wllia drvbnc. nc. Slghn trdibtb tr dibtblndkk lndkkyy whdvh gdts dni mdsehts dni gdeh tdpd (a kltj gdih l` tjh mdre l` tjh gukmhrry trhh), ilk ilkks, ks, dni `klwhr nhaekdahs. Vrl` Vrl`hh s sblndkbs sblndkbs g, Irhss, dni Mh jdvblr jdvblr Glihsty bs vhry bgplrtdnt bn Ylncd dni Ylncdns tdeh prbih bn tjhbr dpphdrdnah. My kdw, Ylncdn ghn lvhr dch 40 gust gus t whdr w hdr sjbrts bn pumkba pumkba pkdahs, pkdahs, dni gdny il nlt hvhn hvhn tdeh l`` tjhbr sjbrts bn tjhbr tjhbr lwn jlghs. Glst Ylncdn Y lncdn wlghn il nlt w hdr sj s jlrt sebrts, sk s khhvhkhss hhvhkhss tlps, lr klwklw-nhaeh nhaehi i irhsshs lutsbih tjhbr tjhbr jlghs. Vdnts V dnts drh nlt alnsbihrhi alnsbihrhi dpprlprbdth dpprlprbdth `lr w lg lghn hn bn ahrtdbn drhds. drhds. Hxahpt wjhn wlrn ds dtjkhtba dtjkhtba w hdr lr wjbk w jbkhh wlrebnc wlr ebnc bn bn tjh cdrihn, cdr ihn, sjlrts s jlrts drh al a lnsbihrhi bgprlphr ln wlghn, hsphabdkky hsphabdkky lutsbih luts bih tjh
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 40
adpbtdk. Jlwhvhr, sjlrts gdy mh dpprlprbdth ds swbgwhdr, dni wlghn il whdr tjhg dt jlgh dni bn pumkbba unihr wrdpdrluni sebrts. pumk Vkhdsh rhvbhw tjh pdaebnc kbst adrh`ukky. Plkunthhrs l`thn mrbnc akltjhs tl Ylncd tjdt drh tll adsudk `lr tjhbr wlre w lre dssbcnghnt. dss bcnghnt. Ghn drh hxphathi tl irhss sbgbkdr sbgbkdr tl tjhbr gdkh gdkh alunthrpdr al unthrpdrts ts dt sajllk s ajllk,, bn tjh l``bah w jhrh tjhy drh dssbcnhi, lr bn tjh vbkk vbkkdch. dch. Yjbs l`thn ghdns w hdrbnc d tuphnu (w rdpdrluni akltj akltj sebrt), w lrn drluni tjh wdbst wdbst), ), dni brlnhi brlnhi sjbrts s jbrts wbtj w btj alkkdrs alkkdrs.. Qlghtbghs, Qlght bghs, whdrbnc whdrbnc d tbh tbh dni d idre td‒lvdkd (gdt wlrn subt odaeht bs dpprlprbdth. Kbehwbsh, Kbehwbsh, w lghn drh hxphathi tl irhss irhs s kbeh kbeh tjhbr tjhbr `hgdkh a lunthrpdrts dt tjh sa jllk llks, s, bn tjh l``bahs wjhrh tjhy drh dssbcnhi, dss bcnhi, lr bn bn tjh vbkkdchs. vbkkdchs. Yjbs typbadkky ghdns g hdns whdrbnc w hdrbnc klnc klnc irhss hs, sebrts s ebrts (dt khdst khdst gbiadk` bn khnctj), khnctj), dni tlps t lps tjdt prlvb prlvbih ih glihst a lvhrdch. lvhrdch. Qkh Q khhvhk hvhkhss hss sjbrts drh nhvhr dpprlprbdth, dpprlprbdth, nlr drh sjlrt irhsshs. irhss hs. Jlwhvhr, bt bs bs plssbmkh plssbmkh tl purajdsh pura jdsh klnc wrdp seb s ebrts rts tl whdr w hdr unihrnhdtj unihrnhdtj sjlrt sjlrt irhsshs. ir hsshs. Ylncdn wlghn `rhquhntk ` rhquhntky y il tjbs w jhn tjhbr tjhbr seb s ebrt rt lr irhss bs nlt klnc hnlucj hnlucj my auk a ukturdk turdk stdnidris. Y-sjbrts drh nlt dpprlprbdth `lr wlre dssbcnghnts, tjlucj ylu gdy ahrtdbnky whdr Y-sjbrts bnsbih ylur jlush. Rlu dksl wbkk nhhi mkda mkda e akltjbnc iurbnc ylur shrvbah shrvba h bn bn Ylncd. Mkdae Mkdae bs chnhrdkky chnhrdkky tjh prhvdbkbnc prhvdbkbnc alklr shhn tjrlucjlut tjr lucjlut tjh vbkkdch vbkkdch dni tjh abty a bty dni dni bs dkwdys dpprlprbdth. dppr lprbdth. Mkdae Mkdae a kltjbnc kltjbnc bs bs hspha bdkky bdkky bgplrtdnt `lr `lrgdk hvhnts, hvhnts, suaj sua j ds `unhrdks. `unhrdks. Mkdae tuphnus, d trdibtblndk trdibtblndk w rdpdrluni sebrt, s ebrt, lr pdnts dni mkdae mkdae alkk a lkkdrhi drhi sjbrts `lr ghn drh dpprlprbdth. dpprlprbdth. Dkk gdkh Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs w bkk bkk pura purajdsh jdsh tuphnus bn Ylncd, ds wbkk wbkk glst gls t `hgdkh Plkunthhrs. Plkunthhrs. Klnc, slkbi mkdae irhsshs irhss hs lr sebrts wbtj d mkdae mkdae mklush lr odaeht drh dpprlprbdth dpprlprbdth `lr wlghn. w lghn. Yl cdbn tjh tj h daahptdnah, rhsphat, rhsphat, dni aln`bihnah l` alggunbty alggunbty ghgmhrs ghgmhrs dni alkkhdcuhs, bt b t bs hs shntbdk sh ntbdk tjdt ylu irhss dni alniuat ylurshk` prl`hssblndkk prl`hssblndkky. y. Yjh Vhdah Alrps hxphats ylu tl mhjdvh
bn d wdy tjdt wbkk `lsthr rhsphat tlwdri ylu bn ylur alggunbty dni rh`khat whkk ln tjh Vhdah Alrps dni ln tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths. Qtdths . Rlu w bkk bkk rhahbvh r hahbvh dn lrbhntdtbln dmlut dpprlprbdth mhjdvblr dni aukturdk shnsbtbvb s hnsbtbvbty ty iurbnc prh-shrvbah trdbnbnc. Ds d Plkunthhr, ylu jdvh tjh stdtus l` dn bnvbthi cuhst dni, tjus, gust mh shnsbtbvh shnsbtbvh tl tjh jdmbts, tdsths, tds ths, dni tdmlls l` ylur jlsts. jlsts. Mhjdvblr hjdvblr tjdt ohlpdribzhs ohlpdribzhs tjh Vhdah Alrps‒ gbssbln bn Ylncd lr ylur phrslndk sd`hty gdy khdi tl d ihabsbln my tjh Vhdah Alrps tl thrgbndth ylur shrvbah. ]h`hr tl tjh Plkunthhr Jdnimlle `lr glrh bn`lrgdtbln dmlut tjh crlunis `lr digbnbstrdtbvh shpdrdtbln. Bn tjh wlris l` d Plkunthhr, ‛Irhssbnc dpprlprbdthky dni sphdebnc Ylncdn drh tjh hdsbhst wdys tl cdbn cdbn tjh rhsphat rhs phat l` tjh Ylncdns. Y lncdns. Yjhsh twl tjbncs adn gdeh tjh ib``hrhnah mhtwhhn chttbnc chttbnc my dni tjrbvbnc.‗ Vhrsl Vh rslndk ndk Qd`h Qd`h ty Glrh ihtdbkhi ihtdbkhi bn`lrgdtbln bn`lr gdtbln dmlut tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps‒ dpprldaj dppr ldaj tl sd`hty bs alntdbnh alnt dbnhi i bn bn tjh Qd`hty dni Qhaurbty Qha urbty shatbln, sha tbln, mut bt bs bs dn bgplrtdnt bssuh bss uh dni adnnlt mh lvhrhgpjdsbzh lvhrhgpjds bzhi. i. Ds stdthi st dthi bn tjh Plkunthhr Jdnimlle, mhalgbnc mha lgbnc d Vhdah Vhda h Alrps Plkunthhr Plkunthhr hntdbks hntdbks a hrtdbn sd`hty rbses. rbses . Kbvbnc Kbvbnc dni trdvhkbnc trdvhkbnc bn dn un`dgbkbdr un`dgbkbdr hnvbrlnghnt (l`thntbghs (l`thnt bghs dklnh), dklnh), jdvbnc d kbgb kbgbthi thi unihrstdnibnc unihrs tdnibnc l` kladk kladk kdncudch kdncudch dni aukturh, a ukturh, dni mhbnc phrahbvhi ds whkk-l`` drh slgh l` tjh `datlrs tjdt adn put d Plkunthhr dt rbse. Gdny Plkunthhrs hxphrbhnah vdrybnc ihcrhhs l` unwdnthi dtthntbln dni jdrdssghnt. Vhtty tjh`ts dni murckdrbhs drh nlt unalggln, dni bnabihnts l` pjysbadk dni shxudk dssdukt il laaur, dktjlucj glst Plkunthhrs bn Ylncd algpkhth tjhbr tjhbr tw l yhdrs l` shrvbah wbtjl w btjlut ut bnabihnt. bnabihnt. Yjh Y jh Vhdah Alrps jds hstd hs tdmk mkbsjhi bsjhi prlahiurhs dni plkbab plk babhs hs ihsbcnhi tl jhkp jhkp rhiuah tjh rbses rbses dni hnjdnah hnjdnah ylur ylur sd`hty dni dni shaurbty shaurbty.. Yjhsh prlahiurhs prlahiurhs dni plkbab plk babhs, hs, bn diib diibtbln tbln tl sd`hty trdbnb trdbnbnc, nc, wbkk wbkk mh prlvbihi lnah ylu drrbvh bn Ylncd. Xsbnc Xsbnc tjhsh tllks, tllks, lnh adn mh hgplwhrhi tl tdeh rhsplnsbmbkbty `lr jbs lr jhr sd`hty dni whkk-mhbnc.
Hdaj std`` ghgmhr dt tjh Vhdah Alrps bs alggbtthi tl prlvbibnc prlvbibnc Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs w btj tjh supplrt tjhy nhhi tl suaahss`ukky ghht tjh ajdkkhnchs tjhy wbkk `dah tl jdvh d sd`h, jhdktjy, dni prliuatbvh shrvbah. Plkunthhrs YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 43
dni `dgbkbhs `dgbkbhs drh hnalurdchi hnalur dchi tl klle klle dt sd`hty dni sha urbty bn`lr bn`lrgdtbln gdtbln ln tjh Vhdah Alrps w hmsbth dt phdahalr dt phdahalrps.clv/sd`h ps.clv/sd`hty ty.. Bn`lrgdtbln ln tjhsh pdchs cbvhs ghssdchs ln Plkunthhr jhdktj dni sd`hty. Yjhrh bs d shatbln tbtkhi Qd`hty dni Qhaurbty bn bn Ihptj. Dglnc Dglnc tlpbas tlpbas diirhsshi drh tjh rbses l` shrv s hrvbn bnc c ds d Plkunthhr, Plkunthhr, plsts ‒ sd`hty s d`hty supplrt systhgs, dni hghrchnay pkdnnbnc dni alggunbadtblns. ]h wdris wdris dni dni @rus @rus trdtblns trdtblns Dktjlucj tjh plthntbdk pl thntbdk `lr olm olm sdtbs`da s dtbs`datbln tbln bn Ylncd bs qubth qubth jbcj, kbeh kbeh dkk Plkunthhrs, Plkunthhrs, ylu wbkk hnalunthr hnalunt hr `rustrdtblns. Mhadush l` kbgbthi rhslurahs, al-wlrehrs dni alggunbty ghgmhrs gdy nlt dkwdys prlvbih lptbgug lptbgug supplrt. Bn diibtbln, diibtbln, tjh pdah pda h l` w lre dni kb`h kb`h bs sk s klwhr tjdn wjdt glst Dghrbadns ghrbadns drh daaustlghi daa ustlghi tl, dni slgh phlpkh ylu wlre wbtj gdy mh jhsbtdnt tl daa hpt nhw wdys l` tjbneb tjbnebnc nc lr ilbnc tjbncs. tjbncs. @lr tjhsh tjhs h rhdslns, tjh Vhdah V hdah Alrps hxphrbhnah hxphrbhnah l` didptbnc didptbnc tl d nhw aukturh dni hnvbrlnghnt hnvbrlnghnt bs l`thn ihsarbmhi ds d shrbhs l` hgltblndk phdes dni vdkkhys.
Rlu w bkk bkk mh cbvhn cbvhn d jbcj ihcrhh l` rhsplnsbmbk rhs plnsbmbkbty bty dni bnihphnihnah bn ylur wlre’phr w lre’phrjdps jdps glrh tjdn bn bn dny ltjhr olm ylu jdvh jdi lr w bkk bkk jdvh. Rlu wbk w bkkk l`thn `bni ylurshk` ylurs hk` bn bn sbtudtblns tjdt rhqubrh dn dmbkb dmbkbty ty tl gltbvdth ylurshk` dni ylur al-wlrehrs wbtj kbttkh cubidnah `rlg suphrvbslrs. Bt gdy mh ib``baukt tl adpturh adpt urh tjh tdncbmkh tdncbmkh dni bntdncbmkh bntdncbmkh bgpdat l` ylur wlre wlr e bgghibdthk bgghibdthky. y. Ihvhklpghnt bs bs d sklw s klw prlahss prla hss.. Vrlcrhss bs l`thn sustd sus tdbn bnhi hi lnky lnky d`thr tjh a lgmbnhi lgmbnhi h``lrts l` shvhr s hvhrdk dk Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs lvhr tjh a lursh l` gdny yhdrs. Rlu gdy dksl `dah phrblis l` bslkdtbln. Sjbkh Sjbkh ylu drh kbehk kbehkyy tl mh pkdahi bn d alggunbty a lggunbty lr ln dn bskdni w btjbn btjbn dn jlur‒s jlur‒ s wdke, w dke, mbeh mbeh rbih, lr mldt rbih `rlg `r lg dnltjhr Plkunthhr, Plkunthhr, tjhrh wbk w bkkk mh kbgbthi kbgbthi lpplrtu lpplrtunbtb nbtbhs hs tl cdtjhr wbtj w btj tjh gdolrbty gdolrbty l` l ` ylur `hkklw `hkklw Plkunthhrs. Rlu gust plsshss tjh shk`-aln`bihnah, pdtbhnah, dni vbsbln tl alntbnuh wlrebnc tlwdri klncthrg cldks cldks w btj rhglth phhr supplrt. Dnltjhr slura h l` `rustrdtb ` rustrdtbln ln `lr Vhdah Alrps Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs bs tjh us h l` a lrplrdk punbsjghnt punbsjghnt bn bn sa jllk jllks. s. Hvhn tjlucj alrplrdk punbsjghnt bs `lrmbiihn bn tjh Ylncd hiuadtbln systhg, bt stbkk laaurs bn slgh sajllk sa jllks. s. Sjbk Sjbkh slgh s lgh pdrhnts lpplsh lppls h tjbs strlnck s trlncky, y, ltjhrs alnsbihr alnsbihr bt dn h``ha tbvh tbvh wdy w dy l` ibsa ibsabp bpkb kbnh. nh. Yl lvhralgh lvhra lgh tjhsh ib``bauktbhs dni ib``hr ib``hrhnahs hnahs , ylu wbkk wbkk nhhi tl hxhra bsh gdturbty, `khxbmbk `khxbmbkbty, bty, lphngbnihinhss, dni rhslurah`uknhss. Yjh Vhdah Alrps std``, ylur al-wlrehrs, dni `hkklw Plkunthhrs wbkk supplrt ylu iurb iurbnc nc tbghs l` a jdkkh jdkkhnch, nch, ds whkk ds a hkhmrdth hkhmrdth wbtj ylu iurbnc glghnts glghnts l` suaahss. s uaahss. Ouicbnc my tjh hxphrbhnahs hxphrbhnahs l` `lrghr Plk Plkunthhrs, unthhrs, tjh phdes phdes drh whkk wlrtj wlr tj tjh ib``baukt ib``baukt tbghs, tbghs, dni glst Plk Plkunthhr unthhrss khdvh Ylncd `hhkbnc `hhkbnc tjhy jdvh cdbnhi cdbnhi gua j glrh tjdn tjhy sdarb`bahi sda rb`bahi iurbnc tjhbr tjhbr shrvbah. shr vbah. B` ylu drh dmkh tl gdeh tjh alggbtghnt tl bnthcrdth bntl ylur alggunbty dni wlre jdri, ylu wbkk mh d suaahss`uk Plkunthhr dni ihvhklp ghdnbnc`uk, klnc-kdstbnc `rbhnisjbps.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 4:
VHDAH AL]VQ Y]DBNBNC Lvh rvbhw l` Vrh Vrh -Qhrvbah Yr Yrdb dbnbn nbnc c Yjh Vhdah Alrps ushs d algphthnay-mdshi trdbnbnc dpprldaj tjrlucjlut tjh alntbnuug l` khdrnbnc, supplrtbnc ylu `rlg drrbvdk bn Ylncd tl ylur ihpdrturh. Vrh-shrvbah trdbnbnc (VQY) bs tjh `brst hvhnt wbtjbn tjbs alntbnuug l` khdrnbnc dni hnsurhs tjdt ylu drh hqubpphi wbtj tjh enlwkhich, sebkks, dni dttbtuihs tl h``hatbvhky h``hatbvhky phr`lrg ylur olm. Vrh-shrvb Vrh-s hrvbah ah trdbnbn trdbnbnc c bs alniuathi a lniuathi bn Ylncd my Vhdah Alrps std``, s td``, glst l` w jlg drh kladkky kladkky jbrhi trdbnhrs. trdbnhrs . Vhdah Vhda h Alrps std`` s td`` ghdsurh dajbhvhghnt l` khdrnbnc khdrnbnc dni ihthrgbnh b` ylu jdvh suaahs sua ahss`uk s`ukkky dajb da jbhvhi hvhi algphthnabhs, bnakuib bnakuibnc nc kdncudch kdncudch stdnidris, `lr swhdrbnc-bn swhdrbnc-bn ds d Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhr. Ln dvhrdch, nbnh l` 46 trdbnhhs drh swlrn bn ds Plkunthhrs.
Vhdah Alrps trdbnbnc bnalrplrdths wbihky daahpthi prbnabpkhs l` diukt khdrnbnc dni bs struaturhi drluni tjh hxphrbhntbdk hxphrbhntbdk khdrnbnc khdrnbnc ayakh. a yakh. Quaa Qua a hss`uk trdbnbnc rhsukts rhs ukts bn algphthna alg phthnahh bn bn vdrblus thajnbadk, kbncubstba, kbncubstba, arlss ar lss-auk -aukturdk, turdk, jhdktj, jhdktj, dni sd`hty s d`hty dni shau sha urbty drhds. Bnthcrdtbnc bntl tjh alggunbty bs lnh l` tjh alrh algphthnabhs ylu wbkk strbvh tl dajbhvh mltj bn VQY dni iurbnc tjh `brst shvhrdk glntjs l` shrvbah. Quaahss`uk sustdbndmkh ihvhklpghnt wlre bs mdshi ln tjh rhkdtblnsjbps ylu mubki my rhsphat`ukky bnthcrdtbnc bntl tjh jlst aluntry alggunbty dni aukturh. Rlu w bkk bkk mh m h prhpdrhi `lr tjbs tjrlucj tjrluc j d jlghstdy hxphrbhnah, wjbaj w jbaj l`thn rhqubrhs trdbnhhs tr dbnhhs tl kbvh kbvh w btj jlst `dgbk ` dgbkbhs bhs iurbnc iur bnc VQY. Bnthcrdtbln B nthcrdtbln bntl tjh alggunbty `lsthrs `ls thrs kdncudch dni arlss-aukturdk ar lss-aukturdk khdrnbnc khdrnbnc dni hnsurhs ylur jhdktj, jhdktj, sd`hty, s d`hty, dni shaurbty. Vrh-shrvbah trdbnbnc bn Ylncd bs alniuathi my rhprhshntdtbvhs l` Ylncdn lrcdnbzdtblns, `lrghr Plkunthhrs, dni/lr trdbnbnc alntrdatlrs. Yjh khnctj l` VQY vdrbhs, usudkky rdncbnc `rlg hbcjt tl 4= whhes, ihphnib ihphnibnc nc ln tjh algphthnab a lgphthnabhs hs rhqubrhi `lr tjh dssbcnghn ds sbcnghnt. t. Yjrlucjlut shrvb s hrvbah, ah, Plkunthhrs lkunthhrs strbvh tl dajbhvh dajbhvh phr`lrgdnah algphthnabhs. algphthnabhs. Bnbtbdk Bnbtbdkkky, VQY d``lris tjh lpplrtunbty `lr trdbnhhs tl ihvhklp dni thst tjhbr lwn rhslurahs. Ds d trdbnhh, ylu wbkk pkdy dn datbvh rlkh bn shk`-hiua dtbln. Rlu Rlu wbkk mh dsehi tl iha bih jlw mhst mhs t tl sht dni ghht lmohatbvhs lmohat bvhs dni tl `bni dkthrndtbvh slkutblns. Rlu wbkk mh dsehi tl prhpdrh `lr dn hxphrbhnah bn wjbaj ylu wbkk l`thn jdvh tl tdeh tjh bnbtbdtb bnbtbdtbvh vh dni daa da a hpt rhsplnsb rhspln sbmbk mbkbty bty `lr ihabsblns. Yjh Y jh suaahss sua ahss l` ylur khdrnbnc khdrnbnc wbkk mh hnjdnahi hnjdna hi my ylur lwn h``lrt tl tdeh rhsplnsbmbkbty `lr ylur khdrnbnc dni tjrlucj sjdrbnc hxphrbhnahs wbtj ltjhrs. Slvhn bntl bntl tjh algphthna alg phthnabhs, bhs, tjh dmbkbty dmbkbty tl alggunbadth a lggunbadth bn tjh jlst aluntry a luntry kdncudch bs bs arbtbadk a rbtbadk tl mhbnc mhbnc dn h``hatbvh Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhr. Ql mdsba bs tjbs prhahpt tjdt bt bs sphkkhi lut bn tjh Vhdah Alrps Dat? Nl phrsln phrsln sjdkk mh dssbcnhi dssbcnhi tl iuty ds d Plkunthhr Pl kunthhr unihr tjbs dat bn dny `lrhbcn `l rhbcn aluntry lr drhd unkhss dt tjh tbgh l` suaj dssbcnghnt jh (lr sjh) plsshsshs plsshsshs suaj rhdslndmk rhdslndmkh h prl` babhnay ds jbs (lr jhr) dssbcnghnt dssbcnghnt rhqubrhs rhqubrhs bn sphdebnc tjh kdncudch l` tjh aluntry lr drhd tl wjbaj jh (lr sjh) bs dssbcnhi.
Yh ajnbadk Yrdbnbnc Yrdbnbnc Yhajnbadk Yha jnbadk trdbnbnc trdbnbnc wbk w bkkk prhpdrh ylu tl wlre w lre bn Ylncd my mubkib mubkibnc nc ln tjh sebkks sebkks ylu dkrhdiy jdvh dni jhkpbnc jhkpbnc ylu ihvhklp ihvhklp nhw sebkks sebkks bn d gdnnhr dpprlprbdth tl tjh nhhis l` tjh aluntry. a luntry. Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps std``, Ylncd hxphrts, dni aurrhnt Plkunthhrs wbkk alniuat tjh trdbnbnc prlcrdg. Yrdbnbnc pkdahs crhdt hgpjdsbs ln khdrnbnc jlw tl trdns`hr tjh sebkks ylu jdvh tl tjh alggunbty bn wjbaj ylu wbkk shrvh ds d Plkunthhr.
Yhajnbadk Yha jnbadk trdbnbnc wbkk bnakuih shss s hssblns blns ln tjh chnhrdk halnlgba halnl gba dni plkbtb plkbtbadk adk hnvbrlnghnt bn Ylnc Ylncdd dni strdthcbhs `lr wlrebnc wbtjbn suaj d `rdghwlre. Rlu wbkk rhvbhw ylur prlohat‒s cldks dni lmohatbvhs dni YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 42
w bkk bkk ghht wbtj tjh Ylncd dchnabhs dni lrcdnbzdtblns lrcdnbzdtblns tjdt bnvbthi tjh Vhdah Alrps tl dssbst dss bst tjhg. Rlu wbkk wbkk mh supplrthi dni hvdkudthi hvdkudthi tjrlucjlut trdbnbnc trdbnbnc tl mubki mubki tjh aln`bihnah aln`bihnah dni sebkks sebkks ylu ylu nhhi nhhi tl unihrtdeh unihrtdeh ylur prlohat datbv dat bvbtb btbhs, hs, rhplrt ylur prlcrhss, pr lcrhss, dni shr s hrvh vh ds d prliuatbvh prliuatbvh ghgmhr l` ylur alggunbty. alggunbty. Kdncudch Kdncudch Yrdbnbn Yrdbnbnc c Ds d Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhr, Plkunthhr, ylu yl u wbkk `bni tjdt kdncudch kdncudch sebk s ebkks ks drh ehy tl phrslndk phrs lndk dni prl`hssblndk prl`hs sblndk sdtbs`datbln iurbnc ylur shrvbah. Yjhsh sebkks drh arbtbadk tl ylur olm phr`lrgdnah, jhkp ylu bnthcrdth bntl ylur alggunbty, dni adn hdsh ylur phrslndk didptdtbln tl tjh nhw surrlunibncs. Yjhrh`lrh, kdncudch trdbnbnc bs dt tjh t jh jhdrt l` tjh trdbnb tr dbnbnc nc prlcrdg. prlcrdg . Rlu gust sua ahss`ukky ahss`ukky ghht gbnbgug gbnbgug kdncudch rhqubrhghnts tl algpkhth trdbnbnc dni mhalgh d Plkunthhr. Ylncd kdncudch bnstruatlrs usudkky thdaj `lrgdk `lrg dk kdncudch akdsshs akdss hs `bvh idys d w hhe bn bn sgdkk crlups .
Rlur kdncudch trdbnbnc trdbnbnc w bkk bkk bnalrplr bna lrplrdth dth d alggunbty-mdshi alggunbty-mds hi dpprldaj. Bn diibtbln diibtbln tl akdssrllg akdss rllg tbgh, ylu w bkk bkk mh m h cbvhn cbvhn dssbcnghnts ds sbcnghnts tl t l wlre wlr e ln lutsbih l` tjh akdssrllg dni wbtj ylur jlst `dgbky. `dgbky. Yjh cldk bs bs tl cht ylu tl d plbnt l` mdsba s labdk la bdk alggunbadtbln alg gunbadtbln sebkks sebkks sl ylu adn a dn prdatbah prda tbah dni ihvhklp ihvhklp kdncudch kdncudch sebk s ebkks ks `urtjhr `urt jhr lnah ylu drh dt ylur sbth. Vrblr Vr blr tl mhbnc mhbnc swlrn sw lrn bn ds d Plkunthhr, Plkunthhr, ylu wbkk ihvhklp strdthcbhs st rdthcbhs tl alntbnuh stuiybnc kdncudch iurbnc ylur shrvbah. Arlss Arls s -Aukturdk -Aukturdk Yrdbnbn Yrdbnbnc c Arlss-aukturdk trdbnbnc wbkk prlvbih lpplrtunbtbhs `lr ylu tl rh`khat ln ylur lwn aukturdk vdkuhs dni jlw tjhy bn`kuhna bn`kuhnahh ylur mhjdvblr bn Ylncd. Rlu wbkk wbkk dksl ibsauss ibsa uss tjh quhstblns ylu jdvh dmlut tjh mhjdvblrs mhjdvblrs dni prdatbahs ylu lmshrvh bn Ylncd, hxpklrbnc hxpklrbnc tjh unihrkyb unihrkybnc nc rhdslns `lr tjhsh mhjdvblrs mhjdvblrs dni prdatbahs.
ArlssArls s-au aukturdk kturdk dni alggunbty algg unbty ihvhklpghnt ihvhklpghnt trdbnbnc wbkk wbkk jhkp ylu bgprlvh ylur a lggunbadtbln sebkks sebkks dni unihrstdni ylur rlkh ds d `dabk `da bkbtdtlr btdtlr l` ihvhklpghnt. Yrdbnb Yr dbnbnc nc wbkk alvhr tlpbas tlpba s suaj s uaj ds tjh alnahpt l` tbgh, plwhr dni jbhrdrajy, chnihr rlkhs, alggunbadtbln stykhs, dni tjh alnahpt l` shk` dni rhkdtblnsjbps. Mhadus h dioust dioustbnc bnc tl d nhw aukturh a ukturh adn mh vhry ajdkk a jdkkhncbnc, hncbnc, ylu wbkk pdrtba pdrtba bpdth bn rhsbk rhs bkbhnay bhnay trdbnb t rdbnbnc nc wjbaj prlvbihs d `rdghwlre `rdghwlr e dni tllks tllks tl t l jhkp jhkp wb w btj dioustghnt dioustghnt bssuhs. bssuhs . Yjh jlst `dgbky hxphrbhnah prlvbihs d unbquh alnthxt `lr arlss-aukturdk khdrnbnc, dni bs ihsbcnhi tl hdsh ylur trdnsbtb trdns btbln ln tl kb`h kb`h dt ylur sbth. @dgbkbhs @dgbkbhs cl tjrlucj dn lrbhntdtbln lrbhntdtbln alniuathi alniua thi my Vhdah Alrps std`` st d`` tl hxpkdbn hxpkdbn tjh purplsh purpls h l` VQY dni tl dssbst dss bst tjhg bn jhkpbnc jhkpbnc ylu didpt tl kbvbnc kbvbnc bn Ylncd. Y lncd. Gdny Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs `lrg strlnc dni kdstbnc `rbhnisjbps wbtj tjhbr jlst `dgbkbhs. Jh dktj Yrdbnbn Yrdbnbnc c Iurbnc prh-shrvbah prh-s hrvbah trdbnbnc, ylu wbkk wbkk mh trdbnhi tr dbnhi bn jhdktj prhvhntbln, pr hvhntbln, mdsba `brst `brs t dbi, dbi, dni mdsba trhdtghnt tr hdtghnt l` ghibadk bkknhsshs bkknhsshs `luni bn Ylncd. Y lncd. Rlu wbkk wbkk mh hxphathi tl prdat pr datbah bah prhvhntbvh jhdktj jhdktj dni tl tdeh rhsplnsbmbk rhs plnsbmbkbty bty `lr ylur lwn lw n jhdktj jhdktj my dijhrbnc tl dkk dkk ghibadk plkbabhs. plkbabhs. Yrdbnhhs drh rhqubrhi tl dtthni dkk ghibadk shssblns. Jhdktj hiuadtbln tlpbas wbkk alvhr nutrbtbln, `lli dni wdthr prhpdrdtbln, hgltblndk jhdktj, dkaljlk dwdrhnhss, prhvhntbln l` JBP/DBIQ, shxudkky trdnsgbtthi bn`hatblns (QYBs), alggln bkknhsshs, ilghstba dni bntbgdth pdrtnhr vblkhnah, hghrchnabhs, dni ghibadk plkbabhs bn Ylncd. Qd`hty dni Qhaurbty Yrdbnbnc Iurbnc tjh sd`hty sd` hty dni shaurbty sha urbty trdbnbnc trdbnbnc shssblns, shs sblns, ylu wbkk wbkk khdrn khdrn jlw tl dilpt d kb`hstykh kb`hstykh tjdt rhiuahs rhiua hs ylur rbses dt jlgh, dt wlre, dni iurbnc ylur trdvhks. Rlu wbkk dksl khdrn dpprlprbdth, h``hatbvh strdthcbhs `lr alpbnc wbtj unwdnthi dtthntbln, dtthntbln, jlw tl bihntb`y bihntb`y sd`hty rbses bn-a bn-aluntr luntryy dni dmlut Vhdah Alrps‒ hghrchnay rhsplnsh rhsplns h dni suppl s upplrt rt systhgs. systhgs.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =6
Diibtblndk Yrdbnbncs Iurbnc Plkunthhr Qhrvbah Yjh Vhdah Alrps‒ t rdbnbnc rdbnbnc s yst hg prlvbihs Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs wbtj aln tbnudk lppl rtunbtbhs rtunbtbhs tl t l hxdg hxdgbnh bnh tjhbr alggbtg alggbtghnt hnt tl Vhdah Alrps Alrps s hrvbah wjbkh wjbkh bnarhdsbnc bnarhds bnc tjhbr tjh br thaj nbadk dni arlss-au arls s-aukturdk kturdk s ebkk ebkkss . Iurbnc shrvbah, tjhrh drh usudkk us udkky y tjrhh trdb t rdbnbnc nbnc hvhnts hv hnts . Yjh tbtkhs tbtkhs dni lmohatbvhs `lr tjls h trdbnbncs trdbnbncs drh ds `lkklws? `lkklws? Bn-shrvbah trdbnbnc? Vrlvbihs Vrlvbihs dn lpplrtunbty lppl rtunbty `lr `lr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs tl upcrdih tjhbr thajnbadk, kdncudc kdncudch, h, dni prlohat ihvhklpghnt ih vhklpghnt sebkks sebkks wjbkh wjbkh s jdrbnc tjhbr hxphrbhnahs hxphrbhnahs dni rhd``brg rhd``brgbnc bnc tjhbr tjh br alggbtg alggbtghnt hnt d`thr jdvbnc shrvhi `lr tjrhh tl sbx glntj glntjs. s. Gbi-shrvbah trdbnbnc (ilnh bn alnounatbln wbtj wbtj thajnbadk shatlr bn-shrvbah)? bn-shrvbah)? Ds sbsts sbst s Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs bn rhvbhwb rhvbhwbnc nc tjhbr `brst `brst yhdr, rhdss hssbnc tjhbr phrsl phrslndk ndk dni prlohat prlohat lmohatbvhs, dni pkdnnbnc `lr tj hbr shalni shal ni yhdr l` shrvbah. Aklsh-l`-shrvbah aln`hrhnah? Vrhpdrhs Vrhpdrhs Plkunthhrs `lr tjhbr `uturh d`thr Vhdah Alrps Alrps shrvbah dni rhvbhws rhvbhws tjhbr rhsphatbvh rhspha tbvh prlohats prlohats dni phrslndk phrs lndk hxphrb hxphrbhnahs hnahs . •
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Yjh nu gmhr, khnctj, dni ihs bcn l` tjhsh trdbnbncs trdbnbncs drh didpthi tl t l aluntry-sphab` aluntry-spha b`ba ba nhhis dni d ni alnibtblns. Yjh ehy tl tjh trdbnbnc trdbnbnc syst sy sthg hg bs tj dt trdbnbnc trdbnbnc hvhnts hvhn ts drh bnthcrdthi dni bnthrrhk bnthrrhkdthi, dthi, `rlg tjh prh-ihpdrturh prh-ihpdrturh lrbhntdtbln lrbhntdtbln tjrlucj tjrluc j tjh hni l` ylur shrvbah, dni drh pkdnnhi, bg bgpkhghnthi, pkhghnthi, dni hvdkudthi allphrdtbvhk all phrdtbvhky y my tjh trdbnbnc trdbnbnc s td``, Vhdah Alrps Alrps std`` st d``,, dni Plkunthhrs. Plkunthhrs.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =4
RLX] JHDKYJ AD]H BN YLNCD Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps‒ jbcjhst prblrb pr blrbty ty bs gdbntdbnb gdbntdbnbnc nc tjh clli jhdktj jhdktj dni sd`hty s d`hty l` hvhry Plkunthhr. Plkunthhr. Vhdah V hdah Alrps ghibadk prlcrdgs hgpjdsbzh tjh prhvhntbvh, prhvhntbvh, rdtjhr r dtjhr tjdn tjh a urdtbvh, urdtbvh, dpprldaj tl ibshdsh. Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps bn Ylncd gdbntdbns gdbntdbns d akb a kbnba nba w btj d `ukk-tbgh ghibadk ghiba dk l``bahr w jl tdehs adrh a drh l` Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs‒‒ prbgdry prbgdry jhdktj-adrh jhdktj-adrh nhhis, nhhis, bnakuib bnakuibnc nc hvdk hvdkudtb udtbln ln dni trhdtghnt l` glst ghibadk ghibadk alnibtblns. alnibtblns. Diib Diibtbl tblndk ndk ghibadk shrvbahs shr vbahs drh dksl dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh bn Ylncd dt kla kladk dk jlspbtdks. B` ylu mhalgh mha lgh shrblusky bkk bkk dni dni a dnnlt rhahbvh tjh adrh ylu nhhi bn Ylncd, ylu wbkk mh trdnsplrthi tl d Vhdah Alrps-dpprlvhi rhcblndk ghibadk `dabkbty. B` tjh L``bah l` Jhdktj Qhrvbahs (LJQ) ihthrgbnhs tjdt tjh adrh bs nlt lptbgdk `lr ylur alnibtbln dt tjh rhcblndk `dabkbty, ylu wbkk mh trdnsplrthi tl tjh Xnbthi Qtdths. Jh dktj dktj Bss uhs bn Ylncd Ylncd Gdolr Gdolr jhdktj prlmkhgs dglnc Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs bn Ylncd drh rdrh rdr h dni drh l`thn l`t hn tjh rhsukt l` Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs `dbkbnc `dbkbnc tl tdeh prhvhntbvh prhvhntbvh ghdsurhs tl t l stdy st dy jhdktjy. jhdktjy. Yjh Y jh glst alggln jhdktj jhdktj prlmkhgs prlmkhgs drh gbnlr gbnlr lnhs tjdt drh dksl dksl `luni bn tjh X.Q. X.Q.,, suaj s uaj ds alk a lkis, is, ibdrrjhd, ibdrrjhd, sbnus sbnus bn`hatblns, jhdidajhs jhdidajhs,, ihntdk prlmkhgs, prlmkhgs, gbnlr gbnlr bnourbhs, shxudkky trdnsgbtthi bn`hatblns, hgltblndk prlmkhgs, dni dkaljlk dmush. Yjhsh prlmkhgs gdy mh glrh `rhquhnt lr algplunihi my kb`h bn Ylncd mhadush ahrtdbn hnvbrlnghntdk `datlrs bn tjh aluntry rdbsh tjh rbse lr hxdahrmdth hxdahr mdth tjh shvhrbty l` bkk bkknhss nhsshs hs dni bnourb bnourbhs. hs. Gdkdrbd Gdkdrbd bs nlt prhshnt pr hshnt bn Ylncd, nlr bs rdmbhs, tjlucj tjhrh drh gdny s trdy dnbgdks. dnbgdks. Yypjlb Y ypjlbi, i, ihncuh `hvhr, ghdskhs, dni tumhrauklsbs tumhrauklsbs drh hnihgba. hnihgba. Jh kpbnc kpbnc Rlu Rlu Qtdy Jh dktjy dktjy Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps wbk w bkkk prlvbih ylu wbtj w btj dkk dkk tjh nhahs sdry sdr y bnlau bnlaukdtb kdtblns, lns, ghibadtblns, dni bn`lrgdtbln tl stdy jhdktjy. Xpln ylur drrbvdk bn Ylncd, ylu wbkk rhahbvh d aluntry-sphab`ba ghibadk jdnimlle. My tjh hni l` trdbnbnc, trdbnbnc, ylu wbkk rhahbvh rha hbvh d ghiba ghiba dk ebt ebt w btj suppkbhs suppkbhs tl tdeh adrh l` gbki bkk bkknhss nhsshs hs dni `brst dbi nhhis. Yjh a lnthnts l` tjh ebt drh kbsthi kbsthi kdthr bn tjbs tjbs s hatbln.
Iurbnc prh-shrvbah trdbnbnc, ylu wbkk jdvh daahss tl mdsba ghibadk suppkbhs tjrlucj tjh ghibadk l``bahr. Jlwhvhr, lw hvhr, iurbnc iur bnc tjbs tbgh, ylu wbkk wbkk mh rhsplns rhs plnsbmk bmkhh `lr ylur lwn lw n suppky l` prhsarbptbln prhsarbptbln irucs dni dny ltjhr sphab`ba ghibadk suppkbhs ylu rhqubrh, ds tjh Vhdah Alrps wbkk nlt lrihr tjhsh bthgs iurbnc trdbnbnc. Vkhdsh mrbnc mr bnc d tjrhh-glntj tjrhh-glnt j suppky l` dny prhsa rbptbln rbptbln irucs ylu ush, us h, sbnah tjhy gdy nlt mh dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh jhrh jhr h dni btbt gdy tdeh shvhrdk s hvhrdk glntjs `lr sjbpghnts sjbpghnts tl t l drrbvh. drrbvh. Rlu w bkk bkk jdvh pjysbadks dt gbi-shrvbah dni dt tjh hni l` ylur shrvbah. s hrvbah. B` B ` ylu ihvhklp ihvhklp d shrblus ghibadk prlmkhg prlmk hg iurbnc iurbnc ylur ylur shrvbah, tjh ghibadk ghibadk l``bahr bn bn Ylncd wbkk wbkk alnsukt wbtj wbtj tjh L``bah l` Jhdktj hdktj Qhrvbahs bn Sdsjbnctln, I.A., lr d rhcblndk ghibadk l``bahr. B` bt bs ihthrgbnhi tjdt ylur alnibtbln adnnlt mh trhdthi bn bn Ylncd, ylu gdy mh shnt lut l` tjh aluntry `lr ` lr `urtjhr hvdkudtb hvdkudtbln ln dni adrh. Gdbntdbnbnc Rlur Jhdktj Ds d Plkunthhr, ylu gust daahpt alnsbihrdmkh rhsplnsbmbkbty `lr ylur lwn jhdktj. Vrlphr prhadutblns wbkk sbcnb`badntky rhiuah ylur rbse l` shrblus bkknhss lr bnoury. Yjh didch ‛Dn lunah l` prhvhntbln bs wlrtj d pluni l` aurh‗ mhalghs mhalghs hxtrhghky hxtrhghky bgplrtdnt bgplrtdnt bn bn drhds drhds wjhrh ibdcnlstba ibdcnlstba dni dni trhdtghnt trhdtghnt `dab `dabkbtbh kbtbhss drh nlt up tl tjh stdnidris l` tjh Xnbthi Qtdths. Yjh glst bgplrtdnt l` ylur rhsplnsbmbkbtbhs bn Ylncd bs tl tdeh tjh `lkklwbnc prhvhntbvh ghdsurhs?
Gdny bkknhsshs tjdt d``kbat Plkunthhrs wlrkiwbih drh prhvhntdmkh b` prlphr `lli dni wdthr prhadutblns drh tdehn. Yjhsh bkknhsshs bnakuih `lli plbslnbnc, pdrdsbtba bn`hatblns, jhpdtbtbs D, iyshnthry, Cubnhd wlrgs, tdphwlrgs, tdphwlrgs , dni typjlbi typjlbi `hvhr. Rlur ghibadk l``bahr l``bahr wbkk ibsa ibsauss uss sphab`ba sphab`ba stdnidris s tdnidris `lr wdthr dni `lli prhpdrdtbln prhpdrdtbln bn bn Ylncd iurbnc iurbnc prh-shrvbah prh-shrvbah trdbnbn trdbnbnc. c. Dmstbnhnah bs tjh glst h``hatbvh wdy tl prhvhnt bn`hatbln wbtj JBP dni ltjhr QYBs. Rlu drh tdebnc rbses b` ylu ajllsh ajlls h tl mh shxudk s hxudkky ky datbvh. datbvh. Yl khss khsshn hn rbse, ush us h d alnilg a lnilg hvhry tbgh tbgh ylu jdvh shx. Sjhtjhr ylur YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 ==
pdrtnhr bs bs d jlst aluntry abtbz abtbzhn, hn, d `hkklw `hkklw Plk Plkunthhr, unthhr, lr dnylnh hksh, hksh, il nlt nlt dssugh tjbs tjbs phrsln bs bs `rhh l` JBP/DBIQ BP/DBIQ lr ltjhr QYBs QY Bs.. Rlu w bkk bkk rhahbvh rha hbvh glrh bn`lrgdtbln `rlg tjh ghibadk l``bahr l`` bahr dmlut tjbs bgplrtdnt bgplrtdnt bssuh. bss uh. Plkunthhrs drh hxphathi tl dijhrh tl dn h``hatbvh ghdns l` mbrtj alntrlk tl prhvhnt dn unpkdnnhi prhcndnay. Rlur Rlur ghibadk ghibadk l``bahr adn jhkp jhkp ylu ihabih ln tjh glst dpprlprbdth dpprlprbdth ghtjli tl subt subt ylur bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudk nhhis. Alntrdahpt Alntr dahptbvh bvh ghtjlis drh dvdbkdmkh dvdbkdmkh wbtjlut ajdrch ajdr ch `rlg tjh ghiba ghiba dk l``bahr. l`` bahr. Bt bs arbtbadk tl ylur jhdktj tjdt ylu prlgptky rhplrt tl tjh ghibadk l``bah lr ltjhr ihsbcndthi `dabkbty `lr sa jhiukhi bggunbzdtblns, bggunbzdtblns, dni tjdt ylu kht tjh ghibadk l``bahr l`` bahr enlw bgghibdthky bgghibdthky l` sbcnb`badnt sbcnb`badnt bkknhsshs bkknhsshs dni bnourbhs. bnourbhs. Slgh n‒s Jh dktj Bn`lrgd Bn`lrgdtbln tbln B` `hgbnbnh jycbhnh prliuats drh nlt dvdbkdmkh `lr ylu tl purajdsh ln tjh kladk gdreht, tjh Vhdah Alrps ghibadk l``bahr l``ba hr bn Ylncd wbk w bkkk prlvbih pr lvbih tjhg. B` B ` ylu rhqubrh d sphab`b spha b`baa prliua pr liuat, t, pkhdsh mrbnc d tjrhh-glntj tjrhh-g lntj suppky wbtj w btj ylu. Gdny `hgdkh `hgdkh Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs tdeh ghnstrudk ghnst rudk aups (Yjh ( Yjh Ibvd Aup, Aup, Yjh Y jh Ehhphr, Ehhphr, Yjh Y jh Glln Aup, hta.) hta .) tl dvlbi plthntbdk prlmkhgs wbtj dvdbkdmb dvdbkdmbkb kbty ty lr ibsplsdk l` `hgbnbnh `hgbnbnh jycbhnh jycbhnh prliuat prli uats. s.
Vrhcndna y bs bs trhdthi tr hdthi bn tjh sdgh gdnnhr ds ltjhr Plkunthhr Plkunthhr jhdktj alnibtb a lnibtblns lns tjdt t jdt rhqubrh ghiba ghiba dk dtthntbln. Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps bs rhsplnsbmkh rhspln sbmkh `lr ihthrgbnb ihthr gbnbnc nc tjh ghiba ghiba dk rbse dni tjh dvdbk dvdbkdmbk dmbkbty bty l` dpprlprbdth dpprlpr bdth ghibadk adrh adr h b` b` tjh Plkunthhr Plkunthhr ajllshs aj llshs tl t l rhgdbn bn-aluntry. bn-alunt ry. Cbvhn Cbvhn tjh a braugstdnahs unihr wjbaj Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs kbvh kbvh dni wlre bn Vhdah Alrps aluntrbhs, bt bs rdrh tjdt tjh Vhdah Alrps‒ Alrps ‒ ghibadk stdnidris `lr a lntbnuhi lntbnuhi shrvbah shrvbah iurb iur bnc prhcndnay adn mh ght. Yjh Vhdah Alrps `lkklws tjh =64= X.Q. Vrhvhntbvh Qhrvbahs Ydse @lrah cubihkbnhs `lr sarhhnbnc VDV sghdrs, wjbaj rhalgghni rhalgghni wlghn dchi =4‑=2 rhahbvh rhahbvh sa rhhnbnc rhhnbnc VDVs hvhry tjrhh t jrhh yhdrs dni wlghn dchi 16‑08 rhahbvh sarhhnbnc VDVs hvhry `bvh yhdrs. Ds suaj, glst Plkunthhrs wbkk nlt rhahbvh d VDV iurbnc iurbn c tjhbr shrvb s hrvbah, ah, mut adn a dn ush Vhdah Vhda h Alrps suppkbhi suppkbhi jhdktj jhdktj bnsurdnah d`thr shrvbah tl jdvh dn hxdg. Rlur Vhdah Alrps Alrps G hibadk hibadk Ebt Yjh Vhdah Alrps ghibadk l``bahr wbkk prlvbih ylu wbtj d ebt alntdbnbnc mdsba bthgs tl prhvhnt dni trhdt bkknhsshs bkknhsshs tjdt gdy laaur laa ur iurbnc shrvbah. Ebt Ebt bthgs bthgs a dn mh phrblibadkky phrblibadkky rhst r hstlae laehi hi dt tjh ghiba ghiba dk l``bah. l`` bah. Ghibadk Ebt Alnth nts @brst @brst Dbi Jdnimlle Jdnimll e Dah mdnidchs Dahtdgbnlpjhn (Yykhnlk) Dijhsbvh tdph Dntdabi tdmkhts Dntb-ibdrrjhdk (Bglibug) Dntbmbltba lbntg l bntghnt hnt Dnt b`unc b`uncdk dk arhdg Dntbjbstdgbnh Dntbshptba dntbgbarlmbdk sebn akhdnhr Mdni-Dbis Mbsgutj Mbsgutj Qums dkbaykdth (Vhptl (Vhptl-M -Mbsglk bsglk)) Mutthr`ky Mutthr`ky aklsurhs aklsu rhs Adkdchk dntb-btaj chk Alnilgs Alucj klzhnchs klzhnchs
Ihalnchstdnt Ihntdk `klss `klss Cklvhs Jyirlalrtbslnh arhdg Bmuprl`hn Bnshat rhphkkhnt rhphkkhnt Blibnh tdm khts (`lr (`lr wdthr purb pu rb`badtbln) `badtbln) Kbp mdkg Lrdk Lrdk rhjyirdtbln sdkts Qabsslrs Qlrh tjrldt klzhnchs klzhnchs Qthrbkh Qthrbkh hyh irlps irlps Qthrbkh Qthrbkh cduzh pdis Qunsarhhn Yjhrglghthr (Yhgp-d-ilts) Ywhhzhrs
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =1
Mh `lrh Rlu Kh Kh dvh? dvh ? D Ghibadk Ghibadk Ajh Ajh aekbst B` tjhrh jds mhhn dny ajdnch bn ylur jhdktj’pjysbadk, ghntdk, lr ihntdk’sbnah ylu sumgbtthi ylur hxdgbndtbln rhplrts tl tjh Vhdah Alrps, ylu gust bgghibdthky nltb`y tjh L``bah l` Jhdktj Qhrvbahs (LJQ). @dbkurh tl ibsaklsh nhw bkknhsshs, bnourbhs, dkkhrcbhs, lr prhcndnay adn hnidnchr ylur jhdktj dni gdy ohlpdribzh ohlpdribzh ylur ylu r hkbcb hkbcbmbk mbkbty bty tl shrvh.
B` ylur ihntbst lr Vhdah Alrps ihntdk alnsuk alns uktdnt tdnt jds rhalgghnihi rhalgghnihi tjdt ylu unihrcl ihntdk trhdtghnt lr rhpdbr, rhpdbr, ylu gust algpkhth tjdt wlre dni gdeh surh ylur ihntbst shnis s hnis rhquhsthi rhquhsthi aln`brgdtbl aln`brgdtbln n rhplrts lr Z-rdys tl tjh L``bah l` Jhdktj Jhdktj Qhrvbahs. B` ylu wbsj tl dvlbi jdvbnc iupkbadth vdaabndtblns, mrbnc d alpy l` ylur bggunbzdtbln rhalri tl ylur prhihpdrturh lrbhntdtbln. B` ylu purajdsh dny bggunbzdtblns prblr tl Vhdah Alrps shrvbah tjdt drh nlt kbsthi ds rhqubrhghnt bn ylur Ghibadk Dppkb Dppkbadnt adnt Vlrtdk, Vlrt dk, tjh Vhdah Alrps adnnlt a dnnlt rhbgmursh ylu `lr tjh alst. Yjh Vhdah Alrps wbkk prlvbih dkk tjh bggunbzdtblns nhahssdry `lr ylur lvhrshds dssbcnghnt. Plkunthhrs gust mh wbkkbn wbkkbncc tl cht cht dkk dkk rhqubrhi vdaabndtblns vdaabndtblns unkhss unkhss tjhrh bs bs d ilaughnthi ilaughnthi ghib ghibadk adk alntrdbnibadtbln. alntrdbnibadtbln. @dbk @dbkurh tl daahpt rhqubrhi vdaabndtbln bs crlunis `lr digbnbstrdtbvh shpdrdtbln `rlg tjh Vhdah Alrps. Rlu il nlt nhhi tl mhcbn tdebnc gdkdrbd ghibadtbln prblr tl ihpdrturh. Mrbnc d tjrhh-glntj tjrhh-glnt j suppky l` dny prhsarbptbln prhsa rbptbln lr lvhr-tjh-alunthr lvhr- tjh-alunthr ghibadtbln ylu ush ln d rhcukdr mdsbs, bnakuibnc mbrtj alntrlk pbkks. Dktjlucj tjh Vhdah Alrps adnnlt rhbgmursh ylu `lr tjbs tjrhh-glntj suppky, bt wbkk lrihr rh`bkks iurbnc ylur shrvbah. Sjbkh dwdbtbnc sjbpghnt’wjbaj adn tdeh shvhrdk glntjs’ylu w bkk bkk mh ihphnihnt ln ylur lwn ghibadtbln ghiba dtbln suppky. Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps w bkk bkk nlt pdy `lr jhrmdk jhr mdk lr nlnprhsarbmhi ghibadtblns, suaj ds Qt. Oljn‒s wlrt, ckualsdgbnh, shkhnbug, lr dntblxbidnt suppkhghnts. Ghibadtblns suppkbhi gdy mh chnhrba lr hqubvdkhnt tl ylur aurrhnt ghibadtblns. Rlu drh hnalurdchi tl mrbnc alpbhs l` ghibadk prhsarbptblns sbcnhi my ylur pjysbabdn. Yjbs bs nlt d rhqubrhghnt, mut tjhy gbcjt algh bn jdniy b` ylu drh quhstblnhi bn ttrdns rdnsbt bt dmlut adrrybnc d tjrhh-glntj suppky l` prhsarbptb prhsa rbptbln ln irucs. B` ylu whdr hyhckdsshs hyhckdsshs,, mrbn mrbnc c twl tw l pdbrs pdbrs (l` tjh aurrhnt prhsarbptbl prhsarbptbln) n) wbtj w btj ylu. B` d pdbr pdbr mrhdes, tjh Vhdah Alrps w bkk bkk rhpkdah tjhg, usbnc us bnc tjh bn`lr bn`lrgdtbln gdtbln ylur ilatlr bn tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths prlvbihi ln tjh hyhckdsshs `lrg iurbnc ylur hxdgbndtbln. Yjh Vhdah Alrps L``bah l` Jhdktj Qhrvbahs strlncky ibsalurdchs Plkunthhrs `rlg whdrbnc alntdat khnshs wjbkh lvhrshds unkhss tjhrh bs d truh ghibadk bnibadtbln ilaughnthi my ylur lpjtjdkglklcbst. Alntdat khnshs, pdrtbaukdrky hxthnihi ush sl`t alntdats, drh dsslabdthi dss labdthi wbtj d vdrbhty vdrbhty l` hyh bn`hatblns bn`hatblns dni ltjhr bn`kdggdtlry bn`kdggdtlry prlmkhgs. prlmkhgs. Lnh l` tjh glst gls t shrbl s hrblus us l` tjhsh prlmk prlmkhgs hgs bs bn`hatblus ehrdtbtb ehrdtbtbss wjbaj a dn khdi khdi tl shvhrh s hvhrh alrnhd idgdch wjbaj aluk a luki i rhsukt bn phrgdnhnt phrgdnhnt mkbn mkbninhss inhss rhqubrbnc rhqubrbnc alrnhdk trdnspkdntdtbl trdnspkdntdtbln. n. Yjhsh rbses rbses l` phrgdnhnt hyh idgdch drh hxdahrmdthi hxdahr mdthi bn tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps hnvbrlnghnt w jhrh tjh Plkunthhr‒s Plkunthhr‒s dmbkbty dmbkbty tl prlphrky akhdn tjh t jh khnshs khnshs bs algprlgbshi iuh tl kbgb kbgbthi thi daahss daa hss tl sthrbk s thrbkhh wdthr w dthr ds whkk ds ds iharhdshi h``hatb h`` hatbvhnhss vhnhss l` akh a khdnb dnbnc nc slkutblns iuh tl prlklnchi stlrdch bn unsdtbs`datlry alnibtblns. Bn diibtbln, wjhn mdathrbdk hyh bn`hatblns laaur, dsshssghnt dni trhdtghnt wbtjbn jlurs my d algphthnt lpjtjdkglklcbst bs bnibadthi. Yjbs bs vbrtudkky vbrtudkky bgplssbmkh bn tjh Vhdah Alrps shttbnc. shtt bnc. B` ylu `hhk tjdt ylu sbgpky gust mh dmkh tl ush ylur alntda aln tdats ts laadsb laa dsblndkk lndkky, y, pkhdsh alnsbihr alns bihr usbnc sbnckh ush, idbky idbky ibsplsdmkh ibspls dmkh khnshs wjbaj w jbaj il nlt rhqubrh akhdnbnc. B` ylu drh hkbcbmk hkbcbmkhh `lr Ghibadrh, drh dr h lvhr 86 yhdrs yhdrs l` dch, lr jdvh d jhdktj alnibtbln alnibtbln tjdt tj dt gdy rhstrbat rhstr bat ylur `uturh pdrtbabpdtbln bn jhdktj-adrh pkdns, ylu gdy wbsj tl alnsukt dn bnsurdnah sphabdkbst dmlut unbquh alvhrdch alv hrdch nhhis mh`lrh ylur ihpdrturh. ihpdrt urh. Yjh Vhdah Alrps wbkk wbkk prlvbih dkk nhahss nha hssdry dry jhdktj adrh adr h `rlg tjh tbgh ylu khdvh `lr ylur prh-ihpdrturh lrbhntdtbln untbk ylu algpkhth ylur shrvbah. Sjhn ylu `bnbsj, ylu w bkk bkk mh hntbtkhi tl tjh plst-shr plst- shrvbah vbah jhdktj-a jhdktj-adrh drh mhnh`bts ihsarbmhi ihsar bmhi bn tjh Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhr Jdnimlle. Jdnimlle. YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =9
Rlu gdy wbsj tl alnsbihr ehhpbnc dn hxbstbnc jhdktj pkdn bn h``hat iurbnc ylur shrvbah b` ylu tjbne dch lr prh-hxbstbnc prh-hxbstbnc alnibtblns alnibtblns gbcjt gbcjt prhvhnt prhvhnt ylu ylu `rlg rh-hnrlkkb rh-hnrlkkbnc bn ylur aurr aurrhnt hnt pkdn pkdn wjhn ylu rhturn rhturn jlgh. jlgh.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =8
QD@HYR QD@HYR DNI QHAX]BYR BN IHVYJ Hnsurbnc tjh sd`hty dni shaurbty l` Plkunthhrs bs Vhdah Alrps‒ jbcjhst prblrbty. Qhrvbnc ds d Plkunthhr lvhrshds hntdbks ahrtdbn sd`hty dni shaurbty rbses. Kbvbnc dni trdvhkbnc bn dn un`dgbkbdr hnvbrlnghnt, d kbgbthi kbgbthi unihrstdnibnc unihrs tdnibnc l` tjh kladk kladk kdncudch dni aukturh, a ukturh, dni tjh phrahptbln phra hptbln l` mhbnc mhbnc d whdk w hdktjy tjy Dghrbadn Dghrbadn drh slgh l` tjh `datlrs ` datlrs tjdt adn put d Plkunthhr Plkunthhr dt rbse. Vrlphrty tjh`t t jh`t dni murckdrb murckdrbhs hs drh nlt unalggl una lggln. n. Bnabihnts l` pjysbadk dni dni shxudk dssdukt il laaur, laa ur, dktjlucj dktjlucj glst Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs a lg lgpk pkhth hth tjhbr tjhbr tw l yhdrs l` shrvbah wbtjl w btjlut ut d shrbl s hrblus us s d`hty dni shaurb sha urbty ty bnabihnt. bnabihnt. Ylchtjhr, Y lchtjhr, tjh Vhdah Alrps dni Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs adn a dn rhiuah rhiua h rbse, rbse, mut adnnlt a dnnlt truky hkbgb hkbgbndth ndth dkk rbse. rbse . Mhylni enlwbnc tjdt tjh Vhdah Alrps dpprldajhs sd`hty dni shaurbty ds d pdrtnhrsjbp wbtj ylu, bt gbcjt mh jhkp`uk jhkp`uk tl shh jlw tjbs tjbs pdrtnhrsjbp wlres. Yjh Vhdah Alrps jds plkbab plkbabhs, hs, prlahiurhs, prlahiurhs, dni trdbnbnc trdbnbnc bn bn pkdah pkdah tl prlglth ylur ylur sd`hty. Yjh Yjh Vhdah Vhdah Alrps ihphnis ihphnis ln ylu ylu tl `lkklw `lkklw tjlsh plkbab plkbabhs hs dni tl put bntl bntl prdatbah wjdt ylu jdvh khdrnhi. khdrnhi. Dn Dn hxdgpk hxdgpkhh l` jlw tjbs tjbs wlres wlr es bn bn prdatbah’bn prdatbah’bn tjbs adsh tl jhkp jhkp gdndch gdndch tjh rbse dni bgpdat l` murckdry’`lkklws? • • • •
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Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps dss hsshs tjh tj h shaurbty shaurbty hnvbrlnghnt wjhrh wjhr h ylu wbkk wbkk kbvh kbvh dni wlre. wlr e. Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps bnsphats bnsphat s tjh jlush wjhrh ylu wbkk wbkk kbvh kbvh daa lribnc tl hstdmkb hst dmkbsjhi sjhi sha urbty arbthrbd. Yjh Vhdah Alrps prlvbihs ylu wbtj w btj rhslurahs tl tdeh ghdsurhs suaj ds bnstdkkbn nstdkkbnc c nhw klaes klaes Yjh Vhdah Alrps hnsurhs hns urhs ylu drh whkalghi my jlst aluntry aluntry al a lunthrpdrts unthrpdrts lr ltjhr al a lggunbty ggunbty khdihrs bn ylur nhw alggunb a lggunbty. ty. Yjh Vhdah Alrps rhsplnis tl shau sha urbty alnahrns tjdt ylu rdb rdbsh. sh. Rlu klae ylur illrs dni wb w bnilws dt nbcjt nbcjt dni wjhn ylu khdvh khdvh ylur jlush, hvhn `lr d s jlrt tbgh. Rlu dilpt d kb`hstykh dpprlprbdth tl tjh alggunbty wjhrh ylu kbvh. Rlu cht tl enlw ylur nhbcjmlrs. nhbcjmlrs. Rlu ihabih b` purajdsbnc phrslndk drtbakhs bnsurdnah bs dpprlprbdth `lr ylu. Rlu iln‒t ajdnch rhsbihnahs mh`lrh mhbnc dutjlrbzhi my tjh Vhdah Alrps. Rlu alggunbadth ylur alnahrns a lnahrns tl Vhdah Alrps std``.
Yjbs whkalgh w hkalgh mlle alntdbns shat s hatblns blns ln Kbvbnc Kbvbnc Alnibtblns Alnibtblns dni Plkunthhr Plkunthhr Kb`hs Kb`hstykh, tykh, Vhdah Alrps Yrdbnbnc, Rlur Rlur Jhdktj hdktj Adrh, dni Qd`hty dni Qhaurbty, Qha urbty, dkk l` wjbaj bnakuih bgplrt bgplrtdnt dnt sd`hty sd`ht y dni shaurbty shaur bty bn`lrgdtbln tl jhkp jhkp ylu unihrstdni unihrs tdni tjbs pdrtnhrsjbp. pdrtnhrs jbp. Yjh Vhdah Alrps gdehs hvhry h``lrt tl cbvh cbvh Plkunthhrs tjh trdbnbnc dni tllks tjhy nhhi tl `unatbln bn tjh sd`hst wdy plssbmkh dni prhpdrh `lr tjh unhxphathi, unhxphathi, thdajbnc ylu tl bihntb`y, bihntb`y, rhiuah, dni gdndch tjh rbses ylu gdy hnalunthr. @datlrs tjdt Alntrbmuth tl Plkunthhr ]bse Yjhrh drh shvhrdk s hvhrdk `datlrs tjdt adn a dn jhbcjthn jhbcjthn d Plk Plkunthhr‒s unthhr‒s rb r bse, gdny l` wjb w jbaj aj drh wb w btjbn tjh Plk Plkunthhr‒s unthhr‒s alntrlk. My `dr tjh glst gls t alggln a lggln arbgh ar bgh tjdt tjdt Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs hxphrbhnah hxphrbhnah bs tjh`t. Yjh`ts Y jh`ts l`thn laaur wjhn Plkunthhrs lkunthhrs drh dwdy `rlg ` rlg tjhbr sbths, bn arlwihi arlw ihi kladtblns kladtblns (suaj ds gdrehts lr ln pumkba pumkba trdnsplrtdtbln), trdnsplrtdtbln), dni wjhn khdvbnc bthgs undtthnihi. Jlush mrhde-bns, tjh`t, dni murckdry drh tjh glst prhvdkhnt arbghs dcdbnst Plkunthhrs bn Ylncd.
Mh`lrh ylu ihpdrt `lr Ylncd tjhrh drh shvhrdk ghdsurhs ylu adn tdeh tl rhiuah ylur rbse? Khdvh vdkudmkh vdkudmkh lmohats l mohats bn tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths, Qtdths , pdrtbaukdrk pdrtba ukdrkyy tjlsh tjdt drh brrhpkdahdmkh lr jdvh shntbghntdk shnt bghntdk vdkuh Khdvh alpbhs l` bgplrtdnt ilaughnts dni daalunt nugmhrs wbtj slghlnh ylu trust bn tjh Qtdths Vurajdsh Vura jdsh d jbiihn jbiihn glnhy pluaj lr ‛iuggy‗ wdkkht wdkkht ds d ihaly Vurajdsh Vura jdsh phrslndk drtbakhs drtbakhs bnsurdnah •
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YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =0
D`thr ylu drrbvh bn bn Ylncd, Y lncd, ylu wbkk rhahbvh rha hbvh glrh ihtdbkhi ihtdbkhi bn`lrgdtbln dmlut alggln al ggln arbghs, ar bghs, `datlrs tjdt alntrbmuth tl Plkunthhr rbse, dni kladk strdthcbhs tl rhiuah tjdt rbse. @lr hxdgpkh, Plkunthhrs bn Ylncd khdrn tl t l il tjh `lkk ` lkklw lwbnc? bnc? •
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Ajllsh sd`h rluths r luths dni tbghs `lr trdvhk, trdvhk, dni tr trdvhk dvhk wbtj slghlnh s lghlnh trusthi my tjh a lggunb lggunbty ty wjhnhvhr plssb plss bmkh mkh Gdeh surh sur h lnh‒s phrs lndk dpphdrdnah dpphdrdnah bs rhsphat`uk r hsphat`uk l` kladk kladk austlgs aus tlgs Dvlbi jbcj-arbgh drhds Enlw tjh kladk kdncudch tl cht jhkp bn bn dn hghrchna hghr chnayy Gdeh `rbhnis wbtj kladk phlpkh wjl drh rhsphathi bn tjh alggunbty Mh adrh`uk adr h`uk dni aln alnsa sabhntb bhntblus lus dmlut usbnc us bnc hkhatrlnbas hkhatrlnba s (pjlnhs, adghrds, kdptlps kdptlps,, bVlis, hta.) bn bn pumkba pumk ba lr khdvb khdvbnc nc tjhg undtthnihi undtthnihi Kbgbt dkaljlk alnsugptbln
Ds ylu adn shh `rlg `r lg tjbs kbst, kbst, ylu gust gus t mh wbkkb wbkkbnc nc tl wlre w lre jdri dni didpt ylur kb`hstykh kb`hstykh tl gbnbgb gbnbgbzh zh tjh plthntbdk plthntbdk `lr mhbnc mhbnc d tdrcht `lr arbgh. Ds Ds wbtj dnywjhrh dnywjhrh bn bn tjh wlrk wlr ki, arbgh arbgh laaurs bn Ylncd. Rlu Rlu adn rhiuah tjh rbses my dvlbibnc sbtudtblns tjdt pkdah ylu dt rbse dni my tdebnc prhadutblns. Arbgh dt tjh vbkkdch vbkkdch lr tlwn tlw n khvhk khvhk bs bs khss `rhquhnt tjdn t jdn bn bn tjh kdrch kdrch a btbhs5 btbhs5 phlpkh enlw hdaj hda j ltjhr dni chnhrdkky chnhrdkky drh khss khss kbehky kbehky tl sthdk `rlg `r lg tjhbr nhbcjmlrs. Ylurbst Y lurbst dttrdatblns dttr datblns bn bn kdrch kdrch tlwns tlw ns drh `dvlrbth wlresbths `lr pbaepla pbaeplaehts. ehts. Yjh `lkklwbnc drh ltjhr shaurbty alnahrns bn Ylncd l` wjbaj ylu sjluki mh dwdrh? Mhbnc bn dn bskdni hnvbrlnghnt, klts l` phlpkh trdvhk my sgdkk sg dkk mldts. mldts . Sdthr sd`hty s d`hty dni trdnsplrtdtbln adn mh idnchrlus dni wbk w bkkk d``hat ylur sd`hty s d`hty b` ylu mhalgh algpkdahnt. algpkdahnt. Iurbnc ylur tbgh bn Ylncd Y lncd ylu wbkk mh bnstrua thi ln jlw tl kbvh drluni tjh wdthr w dthr wjbk w jbkhh stbkk mhbnc rhsphat`uk rhsphat `uk l` bt. bt. Mhbnc d `lrhbcnhr, ylu gdy mh sumohat tl jdrdssghnt jdrds sghnt wjbaj gdy mh mhnbcn mhnbcn lr shrblus. shrblus . Khdrnbnc tl sphde tjh kladk kdncudch, bnthcrdtbln bntl ylur alggunbty, algg unbty, dni aukturdk shnsbtbvbty shnsbtbvbty drh dkk ehys tl ib``usbnc ib``us bnc jdrdssghnt jdrds sghnt dni wbk w bkkk hndmkh ylu tl dvlbi dvlbi dni hsadph hsa dph tjrhdts tl ylur phrslndk phrs lndk sd`hty. sd` hty. Vkhdsh nlth? shxudk jdrdssghnt bs nlt d arbgh bn Ylncd. Sjbkh Sjbkh w jbstkhs dni vhrmdk jdrdssghnt jdrdss ghnt mdshi ln rdah rda h lr chnihr gdy mh `dbrky `dbrky alggln ln tjh strhht, tjbs mhjdvblr gdy mh rhiuahi b` ylu dmbih my kladk aukturdk nlrgs, irhss alnshrvdtbvhky, dni rhsplni daalribnc tl tjh trdbnbnc ylu wbkk rhahbvh. •
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Qtdybnc Qtdybnc Qd`h Qd`h ? Iln‒t Il n‒t Mh d Ydrch Ydrch t `lr `lr Arbgh Mhadus h gdny Plkunthhr Plkunthhr sbths drh bn rurdk, rur dk, bslkdthi bslkdthi s httbncs, ylu gust gus t mh prhpdrhi tl tdeh ln d kdrch kdrch ihcrhh l` rhsplnsbmbkbty `lr ylur lwn sd`hty. Yl rhiuah tjh kbehkbjlli tjdt ylu wbkk mhalgh d vbatbg l` arb ar bgh, ylu adn a dn tdeh sthps tl gdeh ylurshk` ylurshk` khss l` d tdrcht suaj ds hnsurbnc hnsurbnc ylur jlgh bs bs shaurh sha urh dni ihvhklpbnc ihvhklpbnc rhkdtblnsj rhkdtblnsjbps bps bn bn ylur a lggunbty. Sjbkh Sjbkh tjh `da tlrs tjdt alntrb a lntrbmuth muth tl ylur rbse bn Ylncd gdy mh ib``hrhnt, ib``hrhnt, bn gdny wdys ylu adn il wjdt ylu wluki wluki il b` ylu glvhi tl d nhw abty dnywjhrh? Mh adutblus, a jhae tjbncs lut, dse ds e quhstblns, quhstblns, khdrn khdrn dmlut ylur nhbcjmlrjlli, nhbcjmlrjlli, enlw wjhrh tjh glrh rbsey kladtblns drh, ush alggln shnsh, dni mh dwdrh. Rlu adn rhiuah ylur vuknhrdmbkbty tl arbgh my bnthcrdtbnc bntl ylur alggunbty, a lggunbty, khdrnbnc khdrnbnc tjh kla kladk dk kdncudch, kdncudch, datbnc dat bnc rhsplnsbmky, rhs plnsbmky, dni dmbibnc dmbibnc my Vhdah Alrps plkbab plk babhs hs dni prlahiurhs. Qhrvbnc sd`hky dni h``hatbvhky h``hatbvhky bn bn Ylncd wbkk rhqubrh rhqubrh tjdt ylu daahpt daa hpt slgh rhstrbatblns ln ylur aurrhn a urrhntt kb`hstykh. kb`hstykh. Qupplrt `rlg Qtd`` B` d trdbnhh lr Plkunthhr bs tjh vbatbg l` d sd`hty dni shaurbty bnabihnt, Vhdah Alrps std`` bs prhpdrhi tl prlvbih prlvb ih supplrt. Dkk Dkk Vhdah Alrps plsts jdvh prlahiurhs prlahiurhs bn bn pkdah pkdah tl rhsplni tl bnabihnts bnabihnts l` arb ar bgh alggbtthi al ggbtthi dcdbnst dcdbnst Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs.. Yjh `brst `brs t prblrbty `lr dkk dkk plst pl stss bn tjh d`thrgdtj d`thrg dtj l` dn bnabihnt bnabihnt bs tl hnsurh hns urh
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =3
tjh Plkunthhr Plkunthhr bs sd`h dni rhahbvbnc rhahbvbnc ghibadk trhdtghnt tr hdtghnt ds nhhihi. D`thr D`thr dssur ds surbnc bnc tjh sd`hty sd`ht y l` tjh Plkunthhr, Vhdah Alrps std`` rhsplnsh gdy bnakuih rhdsshssbnc tjh Plkunthhr‒s wlresbth dni jlusbnc drrdnchghnts drrdnchghnts dni gdebnc gdebnc dny dioustghnts, dioustghnts, ds nhhihi. Bn slgh adshs, tjh ndturh l` tjh bnabihnt bnabihnt gdy nhahssbtd nhahss btdth th d sbth s bth lr jlusbnc trdns`hr. Vhdah Alrps std`` wbkk wbkk dksl dksl supplrt dni dssbst ds sbst Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs w jl ajllsh tl gdeh d `lrgdk algpkdbnt wbtj kladk kdw hn`lrahghnt. Bt bs vhry bgplrtdnt tjdt d Plkunthhr rhplrts rhplrt s dn bnabihnt wjhn bt laa urs. urs . Yjh rhdslns `lr tjbs bnakuih lmtdbnbnc lmtdbnbnc ghibadk ghibadk a drh dni hgltblndk supplrt, hndmkbnc Vhdah Alrps std`` tl dsshss tjh sbtudtbln tl ihthrgbnh b` tjhrh bs dn lnclbnc sd`hty dni shaurbty alnahrn, prlthatbnc phhr Plkunthhrs dni prhshrvbnc tjh rbcjt tl `bkh d algpkdbnt. Qjluki d Plkunthhr ihabih kdthr bn tjh prlahss tl `bkh d algpkdbnt wbtj kdw hn`lrahghnt, tjbs lptbln gdy mh algprlgbshi b` hvbihnah hvbihnah wds w ds nlt prhshrvhi dt tjh tbgh l` tjh bnabihnt. L``bah L``bah l` Pbatbg Pbatbg Divl aday Yjh L``bah l` Pbatbg Divladay (LPD) bs d rhslurah tl Plkunthhrs wjl drh vbatbgs l` arbgh, bnakuibnc shxudk dssdukt ds sdukt dni stdkebnc. stdkebnc. Pbat Pbatbg bg divladths divladt hs drh dvdbkdmkh dvdbkdmkh =9 jlurs d idy, shvhn idys d whhe tl jhkp Plkunthhrs unihrstdni unihrs tdni tjhbr hgltblndk, hgltblndk, ghiba ghiba dk, dni khcdk khcdk lptblns l ptblns sl tjhy gdy gdeh bn`lrg bn`lrghi hi ihabsblns tl ghht tjhbr sphab`ba nhhis. Yjh LPD prlvbihs d algpdssblndth, allribndthi, dni supplrtbvh rhsplnsh tl Plkunthhrs lkunthhrs wjl w bsj tl daa hss Vhdah Alrps Alrps supplrt shrvbahs shrvbahs.. Alntdat Alntda t bn`lrgdtbln bn`lrgdtbln `lr tjh L``b L``bah ah l` Pbatbg Pbatbg Div laday lada y Ibrhat pjlnh nugmhr? =6=.02=.4381 Ylkk-`rhh? Yl kk-`rhh? :88.:88.4204 :88.:88.4204 hxt. 4381 4381 Iuty pjln pj lnh? h? =6= =6=.962 .962.=3 .=369 69 (dvdbkdmkh (dvd bkdmkh =9/3, =9/3, adkk a dkk lr thx th xt) Hgdbk? vbatbgdivladthFphdahalrps.clv
Arbgh Idtd `lr Ylncd Arbgh idtd dni stdtbstbas st dtbstbas `lr Ylncd, Y lncd, wjbaj w jbaj drh upidthi yhdrky, drh dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh dt tjh `lkklw `lkklwbnc bnc kbne? jttp?//www.phdahalrps.clv/aluntryidtd/tlncd Vkhdsh tdeh tjh tbgh tl rhvbhw tjbs bgplrtdnt bn`lrgdtbln.
@hw Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhrs lkunthhrs drh vbatbgs vbatbgs l` shrbl s hrblus us arbg ar bghs. hs. Arbghs tjdt il laaur dmrl dmrldi di drh bnvhstbcdthi bnvhstbcdthi dni prlsha uthi my kladk kladk ourbsibat ourbsibatblndk blndk dutjlrbtbhs. B` B ` ylu drh tjh vbat vbatbg bg l` d arbgh, a rbgh, ylu wbkk ihabih b` b` ylu wbsj tl `bkh `bkh d algpkdbnt algpkdbnt wb w btj kdw hn`lra hghnt, wjl w jl wbkk wbkk tjhn ihthrgbnh ihthrgbnh wjhtjhr tl prlshauth. prls hauth. B` ylu ihabih tl `bkh `bkh d algpkdb a lgpkdbnt, nt, tjh Vhda h Alrps wbk w bkkk jhkp tjrlucj tjh prla hss. Yjh Y jh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps std`` wbkk wbkk hnsurh ylu drh `ukky bn`lrghi l` ylur lptblns dni unihrstdni jlw tjh kladk khcdk prlahss wlres. @urtjhr, tjh Vhdah Alrps wbkk jhkp ylu hxhrabsh ylur rbcjts tl tjh `ukkhst hxthnt plssbmkh unihr tjh kdws l` ylur jlst aluntry. Yjh Vhdah Alrps wbkk wbkk trdbn trdbn ylu ln jlw tl t l rhsplni b` ylu drh tjh vbatbg vbatbg l` d shrblus arbgh a rbgh,, bnakuibnc bnakuibnc jlw tl cht tl d sd`h kladtbln kladtbln qubaeky qubaeky dni alntdat ylur Vhdah Alrps l``bah. Bt‒s bgplrtdnt bgplrtdnt tjdt ylu nltb`y tjh Vhdah Alrps ds slln ds ylu adn sl s l Vhdah Alrps std`` adn prlvbih prlvbih dssbstdnah. Plkunth Plkunth h r Qd`h Qd`h ty Qupplrt bn Ylncd Ylnc d Yjh Vhdah Alrps‒ dpprldaj dpprlda j tl sd`hty bs d `bvh-prlnchi pkdn pkdn tl jhkp ylu stdy sd`h iurbn iurbnc c ylur shrvb s hrvbah. ah. Yjh pkdn pkdn bnakuihs bnakuihs bn`lrgdtbl bn`lrgdtbln n sjdrbnc, Plk Plkunthhr unthhr trdbnbn trdbnbnc, c, sbth s bth shkhatbln shkhatbln arb ar bthrbd, thrbd, d ihtdbkh ihtdbkhii hghrchnay datbln datbln pkdn, pkdn, dni prltlalks `lr diirhssbnc diirhssbnc sd`hty dni shaurbty bnabihnts. Ylncd‒s Ylncd‒s bn-a n-aluntr luntry y sd`hty sd`hty prlcrd prlcrdg g bs bs lutkbnhi mhklw.
Yjh Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd l``bah wbkk ehhp ylu bn`lrghi l` dny bssuhs tjdt gdy bgpdat Plkunthhr sd`hty tjrlucj bn`lrgdtbln sjdrbn wbkk mh prlvbihi bn bn Plkunthhr nhws khtthrs dni bn s jdrbnc c. ]hcukdr upidths wbkk ghglrdniugs `rlg tjh aluntry ibrhatlr. Bn tjh hvhnt l` d arbtbadk sbtudtbln lr hghrchnay, ylu wbkk mh alntdathi tjrlucj tjh hghrchnay alggunbadtbln nhtwlre. Dn bgplrtdnt algplnhnt l` tjh adpdabty l` YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =:
Vhdah Alrps tl ehhp ylu bn`lrghi bn`lrghi bs ylur muy-bn tl tjh pdrtnhrsjbp pdrtnhrsjbp alnahpt alna hpt wbtj tjh Vhdah Alrps std``. Bt bs hxphathi tjdt ylu wbkk wbkk il ylur pdrt tl hnsurh tjdt Vhdah Alrps std`` ghgmhrs drh ehpt ehpt dpprbshi l` ylur glvhghnts bn-aluntry sl s l tjhy drh dmkh tl bn`lrg bn`lrg ylu. wbkk bna bnakuih kuih shssblns shs sblns ln sphab`ba s phab`ba sd`hty s d`hty dni shaurbty bss bssuhs uhs bn Ylncd. Yjbs Y jbs trdbnbnc Plkunthhr trdbnbnc wbkk w bkk bkk prhpdrh ylu tl dilpt d aukturdkky aukturdkky dpprlprbdth dppr lprbdth kb`hstykh kb`hstykh dni hxhrabsh ouicghnt tjdt prlglths s d`hty dni rhiuahs rbse bn ylur jlgh, dt wlre, dni wjbkh trdvhkbnc. Qd`hty trdbnbnc bs l``hrhi tjrlucjlut shrvbah dni bs bnthcrdthi bntl tjh kdncudch, arls a rlss-a s-auukturdk dspha ts, ts , jhdktj, jhdktj, dni ltjhr a lgplnhnts l` trdbnb tr dbnbnc. nc. Rlu wbkk wbkk mh hxphathi tl suaahs sua ahss`uk s`ukky ky algpkhth dkk dkk trdbnbn trdbnbncc algphthnabhs bn bn d vdrbhty vdrbhty l` l` drhds, bnakuib bnakuibnc nc sd`hty dni shaurbty, sha urbty, ds d alnibtbln alnibtbln l` shrvbah. Ahrtdbn sbth shkhatbln arbthrbd drh ushi tl ihthrgbnh sd`h jlusbnc `lr Plkunthhrs mh`lrh tjhbr drrbvdk. Yjh Vhdah Alrps std`` wlres aklshky wbtj jlst alggunbtb alggunbtbhs hs dni alunthrpdrt dchnab dchnabhs tl jhkp prhpdrh tjhg `lr d Plkunthhr‒s drrbvdk dni tl hstdmkbsj hxphatdtblns l` tjhbr rhsphatbvh rlkhs bn supplrtbnc tjh Plkunthhr. Hdaj sbth bs bnsphathi mh`lrh tjh Plkunthhr‒s drrbvdk tl hnsurh pkdahghnt bn dpprlprbdth, sd`h, dni shaurh jlusbnc dni wlresbths. Qbth shkhatbln shkhatbln bs bs mdshi, bn pdrt, ln dny rhkhvdnt rhkhvdnt sbth jbstlry5 da ahss ahs s tl ghibadk, ghibadk, mdnebnc, mdnebnc, plstdk, plstdk, dni ltjhr hss hsshntb hntbdk dk shrvbahs shrvbahs55 dvdb dvdbkd kdmb mbkkbty l` alggunbadtblns, alggunbadtblns, trdnsplrtdtbln, trdnsplrtdtbln, dni gdrehts5 ib``hrhnt jlusbnc jlus bnc lptblns dni kbvb kbvbnc nc drrdnchghnts5 drrdnchghnt s5 dni ltjhr Plkunthhr Plkunthhr supplrt nhhis. Rlu wbkk dksl khdrn dmlut Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd‒s ihtdbkhi hghrchnay datbln pkdn, wjbaj bs bgpkhghnthi bgpkhghnthi bn tjh hvhnt l` a bvbk bvbk lr plkbtbadk plkbtbadk unrhst unrhs t lr d ndturdk ibsdsthr. ibsdst hr. Sjhn ylu drrbvh dt ylur sbth, s bth, ylu wbkk wbkk algpkhth dni sumgbt sumgbt d sbth kladtlr kladtlr `lrg w btj ylur diirhss, al a lntdat bn`lrgdtbln bn`lrgdtbln,, dni d gdp tl ylur jlush. jlus h. B` tjhrh bs d shaurbty tjrhdt, ylu wbkk cdtjhr wbtj ltjhr Plkunthhrs bn Ylncd dt prhihthrgbnhi kladtblns untbk tjh sbtudtbln bs rhslkvhi lr tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps ihabihs tl hvdaudth. @bndkky, @bndkky, bn lrihr `lr tjh t jh Vhdah Alrps tl t l mh `ukky `ukky rhsplns rhs plnsbvh bvh tl tjh nhhis l` Plkunthhrs, Plkunthhrs, bt bs bgphrdtbvh tjdt Plkunthhrs bgghibdthky bgghibdthky rhplrt r hplrt dny sd`hty dni shaurbty sha urbty bnabihnts bnabihnts tl tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps l``ba l``ba h. Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps jds hstdmkbsjhi hstdmkbsjhi prltlalks prltlalks `lr diir diirhs hssbn sbnc c sd`hty sd` hty dni shaurbty sh aurbty bnabihnts bnabihnts bn d tbghky dni dpprlprbdth gdnnhr, dni bt alkkhats dni hvdkudths sd`hty dni shaurbty idtd tl trdae trhnis dni ihvhklp strdthcbhs tl gbnbgbz gbnbgbzhh rbses tl aurr aurrhnt hnt dni `uturh Plkunthhrs. Plkunthhrs.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 =2
IBPH]QBYR DNI BNAKXQBL B NAKXQBLN N LPH]PBHS LPH]PBHS Yjh Vhdah Alrps gbssbln bs tl prlglth wlrki phdah dni `rbhnisjbp dni tl bgprlvh phlpkh‒s kbvhs bn tjh alggunbtbhs wjhrh Plkunthhrs shrvh. Bnstbtutbnc plkbabhs dni prdatbahs tl supplrt d ibvhrsh dni bnakusbvh wlre dni Plkunthhr hnvbrlnghnt bs hsshntbdk tl dajbhvbnc tjbs gbssbln. Yjrlucj bnakusbvh bnakusbvh rharub rhar ubtghnt tghnt dni rhthntbln rhthntbln l` std`` s td`` dni Plkunthhrs, Plkunthhrs, tjh Vhdah Alrps shhes tl rh`khat tjh rbaj ibvhrsbty l` tjh Xnbthi Qtdths dni mrbnc ibvhrs ibvhrshh phrsphat phrs phatbvhs bvhs dni slkutblns tl ihvhklpghnt ihvhklpghnt bssuhs. bssuhs . Diibtblndkk iibtblndkky, y, hnsurbnc hnsur bnc ibvhrsbty dglnc std`` s td`` dni Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs hnrbajhs hnr bajhs bnthrphrs lndk rhkdtblns rhkdtblns dni alggunbadtblns `lr tjh std`` wlre hnvbrlnghnt, tjh Plkunthhr hxphrbhnah, dni tjh alggunbtbhs bn wjbaj Plkunthhrs lkunthhrs shrvh. Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps ih`bnhs ibvhrsbty ds d ‛alkkhat ‛alkkhatbln bln l` bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudk dttrbmuths tjdt t jdt tlchtjhr jhkp dchnabhs dchnabhs pursuh lrcdnbzdtb lrcdnbzdtblndk lndk lmo lmohatbvhs hatbvhs h``babhn h``babhntky tky dni h``hatbvhky h``hatbvhky.. Yjhsh bnakuih, bnakuih, mut mut drh nlt kbkbgbthi gbthi tl, ajdrdathrbstbas suaj ds ndtblndk lrbcbn, kdncudch, rdah, alklr, ibsdmbkbty, htjnbabty, chnihr, dch, rhkbcbln, shxudk lrbhntdtbln, chnihr bihntbty, slablhalnlgba stdtus, vhthrdn stdtus, dni `dgbky struaturhs. Ibvhrsbty dksl hna lgpdss hs ib``hr ib``hrhnahs hnahs dglnc phlpkh alnahrnbnc wjhrh tjhy drh `rlg dni wj w jhrh tjhy jdvh kbvhi kbvhi dni tjhbr ib``hrhnahs l` tjlucjt dni kb`h hxphrbhnahs.‗ Sh ih`bnh bnakusbln ds d ‛aukturh tjdt alnnhats hdaj Ustd`` ghgmhr dni PlkunthhrW tl tjh lrcdnbzdtbln5 hnalurdchs hnalu rdchs alkk a lkkdmlrdtbln, dmlrdtbln, `khxbmbk `khxbmbkbty, bty, dni `dbrnhss5 `dbrnhss 5 dni khvhrdchs khvhrdchs ibvhrsbty tjrlucjlut tjrlucj lut tjh lrcdnbzdtbln lrcdnbzdtbln sl tjdt dkk bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudkss drh dmkh dmkh tl pdrtbabpdth pdrt babpdth dni alntrbmuth alntr bmuth tl tjhbr `ukk plthntbdk.‗ Yjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps prlglths prlglths bnakusbln tjrlucjlut tjh kb`hayakh l` Plkunthhrs dni std``. Sjhn std`` dni Plkunthhrs drh dmkh tl sjdrh tjhbr rbaj ibvhrsbty bn dn bnakusbvh wlre hnvbrlnghnt, tjh Vhdah Alrps gbssbln bs mhtthr `uk`bkkhi. Glrh bn`lrgdtbln dmlut ibvhrs ibvhrsbty bty dni bnakusbln adn a dn mh `luni bn tjh Plkunthhr Plkunthhr Jdnimlle. Dn bnakusbvh dchnay bs lnh tjdt shhes bnput `rlg hvhrylnh bn dn h``lrt tl `bni tjh mhst bihds dni strdthcbhs plssb plss bmkh mkh tl hxhauth hxhauth bts bts lmohatbvhs. lmohatbvhs. Sjhn bnput bs bs slkbabthi, slkbabthi, jhdri, jhdri, dni alnsbi alns bihrhi hrhi `rlg d rbaj guktbtuih guktbtuih l` bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudkss tjh mhst alursh alur sh l` datbln dat bln usudkky hghrchs. hghrchs . Yjh Vhdah Alrps shhes tl bgprlvh bgprlvh bts lphrdtblns dni h``hatbvhnhss h``ha tbvhnhss my hnsurbnc hnsur bnc tjdt dkk vlbahs dni bihds drh jhdri dni tjdt dkk Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs dni std`` std` ` `hhk whkalgh dni dpprhabdthi. Sjhn hdaj phrsln‒s vlbah bs jhdri, tjh t jh dchnay bs strln st rlnchr chr dni tjh bgpdat l` Plkunthhrs bs strhnctjhnhi. Ibvh rsbty dni Bnakusbl Bnakusbln n dt Rlur Rlur Qbth Lnah Plkunthhrs drrbvh dt tjhbr sbths, ibvhrsbty dni bnakusbln prbnabpkhs rhgdbn tjh sdgh mut tdeh ln d ib``hrhnt sjdph, bn wjbaj ylur jlst alggunbty gdy sjdrh d alggln aukturh dni ylu’tjh Plkunthhr’ drh tjh lutsbihr. luts bihr. Rlu Rlu gdy mh bn bn tjh t jh gbnlrbty, b` nlt tjh slkh sl kh Dghrbadn Dghrbadn kbeh kbeh ylu, dt ylur sbth. s bth. Rlu Rlu w bkk bkk mhcbn mhcbn tl nltbah nltbah ibvhrsbty ibvhrsbty bn bn phrsphatbv phrspha tbvhs, hs, htjnbabty, htjnbabty, dch, ihptj l` alnvhrsdtb alnvhrsdtbln, ln, dni ihcrhh l` supplrt supplrt ylu gdy rhahbvh. @lr hxdgpkh, hkihrs, ylutj, ylut j, dni gbiikh-dchi gbiikh-dchi bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudkss dkk jdvh unbquh unbquh plbnts l` vbhws ln tlpbas ylu gdy ibsauss, `rlg phrsphatbvhs ln wlre, nhw prlohats, dni slabdk hncdchghnts tl tjh wdy alggunbty bss bssuhs uhs drh diirhsshi. diirhss hi.
Vhdah Alrps std`` bn ylur jlst aluntry rhalcnbzh tjh diibtblndk dioustghnt bssuhs tjdt algh wbtj kbvbnc dni wlrebnc wlr ebnc bn bn nhw hnvbrlnghnts dni wbk w bkkk prlvbih supplrt s upplrt dni cubidnah tl Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs.. Iurbnc prhshrvbah trdbnbnc, d shssbln wbkk mh jhki tl ibsauss ibvhrsbty dni bnakusbln dni jlw ylu adn shrvh ds dn dkky `lr ylur phhrs, jlnlrbnc ibvhrsbty, shhebnc bnakusbln, ajdkkhncbnc prhouibah dni hxakusbln, hxpklrbnc ylur lwn mbdshs, mbdshs, dni khdrnb khdrnbnc nc ghajdnbsgs tl alph w btj tjhsh dioustghnt dioustghnt bssuhs. bss uhs. Yjh Vhdah Alrps klles `lrwdri tl jdvbnc Plkunthhrs `rlg vdrbhi mdaecrlunis tjdt bnakuih d vdrbhty l` rdahs, htjnba crlups, dchs, rhkbcblns, shxudk lrbhntdtblns dni chnihr bihntbtbhs. Yjh dchnay hxphats ylu tl wlre alkkdmlrdtbvhky tl arhdth dn bnakusbvh hnvbrlnghnt tjdt trdnsahnis ib``hrhnahs dni `bnis alggln crluni. YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 16
Arlss-Aukturdk Alnsbihrdtblns Lutsbih Luts bih l` Ylncd‒s Ylncd‒ s adpbtdk a dpbtdk,, rhsbihnts rhs bihnts l` rurdk alggunbtb alggun btbhs hs gbcjt jdvh jdi kbttkh kbttkh ibrhat ibrha t hxplsurh hxplsur h tl ltjhr aukturhs, rdahs, rhkbcblns, dni kb`hstykhs. Sjdt phlpkh vbhw ds typbadk X.Q. mhjdvblr lr nlrgs gdy mh d gbsalna gbsa lnahptbln, hptbln, suaj ds tjh mhkbh` mhkbh` tjdt dkk Dghrbadns Dghrbadns drh rbaj dni jdvh mklni jdbr jdbr dni mkuh mkuh hyhs. hyhs . Yjh phlpkh phlpkh l` Ylncd drh enlwn enlwn `lr tjhbr tjhbr chnhrlus chnhrlus jlspbtdkbty jlspbtdkbty tl `lrhbcnhrs5 `lrhbcnhrs5 jlwhvhr, ghgmhrs l` tjh alggunbty al ggunbty wjhrh ylu wbkk kbvh kbvh gdy ibspkdy ibspkdy d rdnch r dnch l` rhdatblns tl aukturdk ib``hr ib``hrhnahs hnahs tjdt t jdt ylu prhshnt.
Ds d Plkunthhr Plkunthhr dni rhprhshntdtbvh rhprhs hntdtbvh l` tjh Xnbthi Qtdths , ylu drh rhsplns bmkh bmkh nlt lnky lnky `lr sjdrbnc sj drbnc tjh ibvhrsbty l` X.Q. a ukturh (tl bnakuih ylur bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudk aukturh a ukturh dni tjh aukturh au kturh l` ltjhr Dghrbadns Dghrbadns)) wbtj w btj ylur jlst aluntry ndtblndk ndtblndk alunthrpdrts, mut dksl `lr khdrnb khdrnbnc nc `rlg tjh ibvhrsbty ibvhrsbty l` ylur jlst aluntry. Dn Dn bgplrtdnt dsphat l` tjbs aukturdk hxajdnch wbkk mh tl ihglnstrdth bnakusbvhnhss wbtjbn ylur alggunbty bn d shnsbtbvh s hnsbtbvh gdnnhr. Diibtb Diibtblndkk lndkky, y, ylu wbkk sjdrh tjh rhsplnsbmb rhsplns bmbkb kbty ty l` khdrnbnc khdrnbnc dmlut tjh ibvhrs ibvhrsbty bty l` ylur `hkklw Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhrs dni hxpklrbnc jlw mhst tl rhsphat ib``hrhnahs wjbkh shrvbnc ds supplrtbvh dkkbhs dkkbhs ds ylu cl tjrlucj tjrlu cj tjbs tjbs ajdkk a jdkkhncbnc hncbnc nhw hxphrbhnah. Yl hdsh tjh trdnsbtb trdns btbln ln dni didpt tl kb`h kb`h bn ylur jlst a luntry luntry,, ylu gdy nhhi tl gdeh slgh thgplrdry, thgplr dry, yht `unidghntdk, algprlgbshs a lgprlgbshs bn jlw ylu prhshnt ylurshk` ds dn Dghrbadn Dghrbadn dni ds dn bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudk.. @lr hxdgpkh, `hgdkh trdbnhhs dni Plkunthhrs gdy nlt mh dmkh dmkh tl t l hxhrabsh hxhr absh tjh bnihphnihnah tjhy jdvh bn tjh Xnbthi Qtdths5 Qtdths 5 gdkh Plkunthhrs gdy mh hxphathi tl nlt phr`lrg a jlrhs lr ltjhr tdses tds es dsarbmhi tl wlghn5 plkbtb plk btbadk adk ibsa ibsauss ussbblns nhhi tl mh jdnikhi jdnikhi wbtj crhdt crhdt adrh5 dni slgh l` ylur ylur phrslndk phrslndk mhkbh mhkbh`s `s gdy mhst mhst rhgdbn unibsaklshi. Rlu wbkk nhhi tl ihvhklp thajnbquhs dni phrslndk strdthcbhs `lr alpbnc wbtj tjhsh dni ltjhr kbgbtdtblns. Yjh Vhdah Alrps std`` wbkk khdi d ibvhrsbty, bnakusbln, dni shnsbtbvbty ibsaussbln iurbnc prh-shrvbah prh-s hrvbah trdbnbnc dni wbkk mh ln adkk a dkk tl prlvbih supplrt. s upplrt. Yjbs trdbnbnc alvhrs al vhrs jlw tl didpt phrslndk ajlbahs dni mhjdvblr mhjdvblr tl mh rhsphat`uk rhsphat `uk l` tjh jlst aluntry aukturh, wjbaj wjbaj adn jdvh d ibrhat ibrhat bgpdat bgpdat ln jlw Plkunthhrs drh vbhwhi dni trhdthi my tjhbr nhw alggunbtbhs. Yjh Vhdah Alrps hgpjdsbzhs prl`hssb prl`hss blndk mhjdvbl mhjdvblrr dni arlss ar lss-auk -aukturdk turdk shnsbtbvbty shnsbtbvbty dglnc vlk vlkunthhrs unthhrs dni wbtjbn wbtjbn tjhbr tjhbr alggunbtbhs alggunbtbhs tl jhkp bnthcrdth dni mh suaahss`uk iurbnc shrvbah. Dn bihdk w dy tl vbhw vbhw tjh purs ubt l` arlssarls s-aukturdk aukturdk didptdtbln dni/lr aukturdk bnthcrdtbln bnthcrdtbln bs tl rha lcnbzh tjdt hvhrytjbnc ilnh bn bn ylur jlst jls t aluntry alunt ry jds mltj d sphab`b spha b`baa rhdsln r hdsln `lr wjy btbt bs ilnh dni dni dn hxphathi lutalgh. Yrust tjdt ylur jlst alun a luntry try alunthrpdrts alunthrpdrts drh datbnc da tbnc wbtj plsbtbvh plsbtbvh bnthntbl bnthntblns ns dni wlre w lre tl gutudkky shhe unihrstdnibnc dni algglndkbty. Kdncudch ib``hrhnahs gdy dii d alggunbadtbln mdrrbhr dni khdi khdi tl gbsunihrstdnibncs. gbsunihrs tdnibncs. Kbsthn glrh tjdn ylu sphde dni shhe akdrbty. ]hghgmhr tjdt jdvbnc tjh dmbkbty dmbkbty tl kducj kducj dt ylurshk` ylurs hk` dni dt kb`h‒s kb`h‒s kbttkh kbttkh surprbshs sur prbshs clhs d klnc w dy’kducjthr bs bs unbvhrsdk. Sjdt Gbcjt Gbc jt d Plkunth Plkunthhh r @dah< @dah < Vlssbmkh Chnihr ]lkh Bssuhs
Chnihr bs d sht l` slabdkky alnstruathi rlkhs, rhsplnsbmbkbtbhs, mhjdvblrs, dni lpplrtunbtbhs. Chnihr ib``hrs `rlg shx, s hx, wjbaj w jbaj rh`hrs sphab`badkky sphab`badkky tl mblklcb mblklcbadk adk dni pjysblklcbadk pjysblklcbadk ajdrdat ajdr dathrbstbas hrbstbas l` gdkhs gdkhs dni `hgdkhs. Chnihr rlkhs dni hxphatdtblns drh khdrnhi, ajdnch lvhr tbgh, dni vdry wbtjbn dni dglnc aukturhs. Plkunthhrs drh trdbnhi bn chnihr dwdrhnhss ds tjhy dpprldaj tjhbr wlre bn tjh jlst aluntry. Chnihr rlkhs bn tjh Xnbth Xnbthii Qtdths gdy ib``hr crhdtky `rlg tjlsh bn ylur aluntry l` shrvbah. Bt bs bgplrtdnt bgplrtdnt tl dmslrm dmslr m dni tl dtthgpt tl unihrstdni unihrs tdni tjh auk a ukturdk turdk nudnahs nudnahs l` chnihr wjhr w jhrhh ylu drh. @lr @ lr hxdgpkh, hxdgpkh, bn gdny aukturhs gdkhs drh jhki bn jbcjhr rhcdri tjdn `hgdkhs dni `hgdkhs gdy gdndch tjh jlushjlkis. Bn slgh pkdahs, `hgdkhs drh hnalurdchi tl dtthni sajllk, wjbkh bn ltjhr aluntrbhs `hgdkhs drh ibsalurdchi `rlg hncdcbnc bn suaj datbvbtbhs dni bnsthdi wlre bnsbih lr lutsbih l` tjh jlgh. Iurbnc Iurbnc tjh prh-shrvbah trdb tr dbnb nbnc, nc, trdb tr dbnhhs nhhs rhahb rha hbvh vh dn bntrliuatbln tl chnihr dwdrhnhss bn tjhbr aluntry a luntry l` shrvbah, dni hxdgbnh tjhbr lwn tjbnebnc dmlut chnihr rlkhs dni jlw tjbs tjbnebnc jds bgpdathi tjhg. Yjhy tjhn khdrn jlw tl dndkyzh ihvhklpghnt prlohats usbnc d chnihr khns tl mhtthr unihrstdni chnihr YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 14
rlkhs bn tjhbr jlst aluntry dni tl unihrstdni jlw tjhsh chnihr rlkhs adn mhnh`bt lr kbgbt wjdt `hgdkhs dni gdkhs gdy lr gdy g dy nlt il. Iurbnc tjhbr =3 glntjs l` s hrvbah, Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs w bkk bkk `urtjhr `ur tjhr hncdch bn chnihr trdbnbncs tl unihrstdni mhtthr jlw tjhbr chnihr bihntbty bgpdats wjl tjhy drh ds `hgdkhs lr gdkhs bn tjh jlst aluntry dni jlw tjbs phrahptbln phrahptbln bn`kuhnahs bn`kuhnahs tjhbr tjhbr w lre dni rhk r hkdtb dtblnsjbps. lnsjbps. Plkunthhr Algghnts
‛Bt bs hsshntbdk `lr hvhrylnh tl adst ads t dsbih tjhbr tjhbr unihrstdnibnc l` wjdt bt ghdns tl mh d wlgdn w lgdn (lr gdn) bn Dghrbad dni bnsthdi hgmrdah tjh rhdkbty l` mhbnc d wlgdn (lr gdn) l` tjbs wlrki.‗ ‛Yjhrh gdy mh glghnts w jhn ylu wdnt tl oust mh lnh l` tjh cuys dni olbn olbn tjh vlkkhymdk vlkkhymdkkk cdgh, lr cl tl tjh musj, mut alnsbih a lnsbihrr w jdt bs dpprlprbdth dpprlprbdth ds d `hgdkh `hgdkh Plk Plkunthhr unthhr wjhnhvhr ylu drh gdebnc hvhn tjh sbgpkhst l` ihabsblns. Yjhrh drh dkwdys chnihr-sphab`ba datbvbtbhs dni crlup datbvb dat bvbtbhs, tbhs, sl mh dwdrh dwdr h l` tjdt dni gdeh tjh mhst ajlbahs a jlbahs dt dkk tbghs. B jdvh shhn tjdt dkk gy ajlbahs a drry mdae tl gyshk`, tjh Vhdah Alrps, dni Dghrb Dghrbadns adns ds d w jlk jlkh, h, sl s l mh sgdrt dni mh bnvlkvhi.‗ Vlssbmkh B ssuhs ss uhs `lr @hgdkh @hgdkh Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs
Ylncd jds d trdibtb tr dibtblndk, lndk, pdtrbdrajdk pdtr bdrajdk aukturh. Dktjlucj Dktjlucj w lghn jdvh dajbhvhi jbcj jbcj rdne bn clvhrnghnt gbnbstrbhs, phlpkh dt tjh alggunbty khvhk jdvh nlt jdi guaj hxphrbhnah wbtj wlghn wjl tdeh ln prl`hssbl prl`hss blndk ndk rlkhs rlkhs lr wjl kbv kbvhh bnihphnih bnihphnihntk ntky y `rlg tjhbr tjhbr `dgbkb `dgbkbhs. hs. Glst wlghn bn bn Ylncd il vhry vhry kbttk kbttkhh ln tjhbr lwn dni chnhrdkky trdvhk, hvhn b` bt bs oust tl tjh alrnhr sjlp tl muy `klur, wbtj dt khdst lnh ltjhr phrsln. Yjbs ilhs ilhs nlt ghdn ghdn `hgdkh `hgdkh Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs adnnlt kbv kbvhh lr il tjbncs tjbncs ln tjhbr tjhbr lwn, lw n, mut tjhy tjhy nhhi nhhi tl mh dwdrh tjdt tjh alggunbty wjhrh tjhy kbvh gdy vbhw tjhbr mhjdvblr ds strdnch. Gdny Ylncdns jdvh kdrch, kdrch, rlmust rlm ust `bcurhs, ` bcurhs, wjbaj drh alnsbihrhi ihsbrdmkh ihsbrdmkh bn bn trdibtblndk Ylncdn aukturh, a ukturh, dktjlucj phrahptblns drh ajdncbnc. Qkhnihr wlghn gdy mh tlki tjhy drh tll sebnny, wjbkh kdrchr wlghn gdy mh tlki tjhy drh `dt, wjbaj bs bnthnihi ds d algpkbghnt. @hgdkh Plkunthhrs bn Ylncd l`thn rhahbvh dn bnlribndth dglunt l` dtthntbln `rlg Ylncdn ghn. @kbrtbnc, lckbnc, adtadkks, dni d ahrtdbn dglunt l` prlthatbvh mhjdvblr my jlst `dgbky dni alggunbty ghgmhrs drh alggln. @hgdkhs drh l`thn dsehi dmlut tjhbr gdrbtdk stdtus dni wjhtjhr tjhy wluki kbeh tl gdrry slghlnh kladkky. Glst l` tjh dtthntbln bs clli-ndturhi dni adn mh `hnihi l`` wbtj juglrlus rhpkbhs. Mhadush Ylncdns il nlt hncdch bn `rbhnisjbps wbtj ghgmhrs l` tjh lpplsbth shx, bt bs aukturdkky bndpprlprbdth `lr d `hgdkh Plkunthhr tl hnthrtdbn d gdn (lr ghn) dklnh bn jhr jlgh, wjhtjhr tjh gdn bs Ylncdn lr dnltjhr Plkunthhr. Plkunthhr. Jhr a lggunbty bs bs kbehky kbehky tl t l vbhw vbhw sua j d sbtudtbln sbtudtbln ds d rlgdntba lr shxudk rhkdtblnsjbp. @hgdkh Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs bn Ylncd Y lncd jdvh laadsblndkk laa dsblndkky y jdi phlpkh phlpkh phhp bn tjhbr t jhbr wbnilws lr l r dpphdr bn tjhbr jlghs wbtjlut bnvbtdtbln lr wdrnbnc. Plkunthhr Plkunth hr Algghnt ` ded‒l`d ‛Mhbnc ‛Mhbnc d sbnckh `hgdkh kbvbnc kbvbnc dklnh bs bs vhry strdnch s trdnch tl Ylncdns . Gy nhbcjmlr nhbcjmlr sdbi btbt wds `ded‒l`d (pbtb`uk) `lr d wlgdn tl kbvh dklnh. Lnh l` tjh pkusshs dni gbnushs l` tjbs bs tjdt phlpkh wdnt tl dkwdys gdeh surh sur h ylu‒rh nlt klnhky klnhky lr `hhkbnc `hhkbnc jlghsbae. jlghsba e. Qlghtbghs Qlght bghs bt‒s bt‒s nbah tjdt phlpkh drh dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh tl tdke tl dt hvhry shalni sha lni dni slghtbghs slght bghs B oust oust wdnt w dnt gh tbgh.‗ tbgh.‗
Vlssbmkh B ssuhs ss uhs `lr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs l` Alklr
Plkunthhrs l` alklr slghtbghs, mut nlt dkwdys, jdvh d ib``hrhnt Vhdah Alrps hxphrbhnah tjdn wjbth Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs.. Mhadus Mhadushh l` kbgb kbgbthi thi hxplsurh, hxplsur h, slgh sl gh `lrhbcn ndtblndks ndtblndks wbkk hxphat tl t l shh X.Q X.Q.. abtb a btbzhns zhns wjl w jl drh wjbth. Aukturhs l` tjh wlrki il nlt typbadkky hnvbsbln tjh Qtdths ds d pkdah l` rbaj ibvhrsbty wbtj vdrblus YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 1=
aukturdkky daahptdmkh phrsphatbvhs, phrslndkbtbhs, dni ajdrdathrbstbas. Yjus, d Plkunthhr l` alklr gdy mh quhstblnhi ds dmlut tjhbr X.Q. abtbzhnsjbp. Bn pkdahs wjhrh Dghrbadn sthrhltyphs dni/lr adsth systhg iyndgbas bn`kuhnah phrahptbln, Plkunthhrs l` a lklr sjluki mh gbni`uk gbni`uk l` tjh t jh rhdslns `lr tjhsh tjhs h vbhws vbhws w btjlut arhdtbnc alnthntblus alnthntblus hnvbrlnghnts . Dkk Dkk tll l`thn, jlst j lst aluntry a luntry ndtblndks ndtblndks drh sbgpky sbgpky undwdrh undwdr h l` tjh ibvhrs ibvhrsbty bty l` tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths dni rhqubrh diibtblndk bn`lrgdtbln dni ibdklcuh. Ibrhat bnthrdatblns wbtj slghlnh nhw lr slghtjbnc ib``hrhnt adn tdeh tbgh tbgh tl cht ushi tl, mut tjlsh w jl tdeh tjh tbgh tbgh thni tl mh mhtthr l``. Dktjlucj jlst aluntry a luntry ndtblndk ndtblndkss gdy dsshrt tjdt tjh Xnb Xnbthi thi Qtdths bs gdih up l` prhilgbndthk prhilgbndthkyy lnh rdah, w h enlw tjdt bs nlt truh. B` d ghgmhr l` ylur a lggunbty enlws l` algpdtrblts kbvbnc kbvbnc bn bn tjh t jh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths lr l` nltdmkh X.Q. X.Q. abtbzhns l` alklr, ylu adn mubki ln tjbs enlwkhich ds d plbnt l` rh`hrhnah `lr ibsaussbnc ibvhrsbty wbtjbn tjh Qtdths. @lr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs l` alklr, tjh rdnch r dnch l` rhsplnshs rhsplns hs tl tjhbr tjhbr seb s ebn n alk a lklr lr gdy vdry `rlg ` rlg tjh hxtrhghky ebni ebni tl tjh vhry bnshns bnshnsbtb btbvh. vh. Bn D`rba D`rbadn dn dni Kdtbn Kdtbn Dghrbadn aluntrbhs, al untrbhs, jls t aluntry ndtblndks ndtblndks gdy sdy ‛whkalgh ‛whkalg h jlgh‗ tl D`rbadn Dghrbadns lr Jbspdnba Dghrbadns. Qlghtbghs Plkunthhrs hxphat tl mh ‛whkalghi jlgh‗ mut drh ibsdpplbnthi wjhn w jhn tjhy drh nlt. Glrh aalgglnky, lgglnky, b` d Plkunthhr Plkunthhr bs gbstdehn `lr ` lr d jlstjlst a luntry ndtblndk abtbzhn, jh lr sjh s jh bs bs hxphathi hxpha thi tl mhjdvh ds ds d gdkh g dkh lr `hgdkh bn tjdt aukturh au kturh mhjdvhs, dni tl sphde tjh kladk kdncudch `kuhntky. Jlst aluntry ndtblndks drh slghtbghs `rustrdthi wjhn tjh Plkunthhr ilhs nlt sphde s phde tjh kla kladk dk kdncudch kdncudch w btj hdsh. Alnvhrshky, Alnvhrs hky, slgh bn tjh sdgh aluntry alunt ry gdy adkk a dkk ylu d ‛shkk lut‗ mhadush mhadus h tjhy `hhk tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths jds nlt ilnh hnlucj tl jhkp jhkp wbtj w btj sla bdk bssuhs. bssuhs . Yjhsh Yjhs h bnst bnstdnahs dnahs adn mh turnhi bntl thdajdmkh glghnts `lr tjh Plkunthhr dni tjh jlst aluntry ndtblndk, bn wjbaj tjh Plkunthhr adn dse quhstblns surrlunibnc phrahptbln dni alkkdmlrdth wbtj rhsphat tl bssuhs dni prlohats dt jdni, wjbk w jbkhh hncdcbnc bn bn arlss ar lss-auk -aukturdk turdk hxajdnchs. hxajdnchs . Dkk Dkk Plkunthhrs, tl t l bna bnakuih kuih wjbth Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs dni tjlsh l` alklr, sjluki mh gbni`uk l` tjh bssuhs l` rdah tjdt drh hgmhiihi bn X.Q. aukturh dni wbtjbn tjh aukturh bn ylur aluntry l` shrvbah. Yjhsh bssuhs gdy sbcnb`badntky d``hat jlw Plkunthhrs bnthrdat wbtj `hkklw Plkunthhrs dni jlst a luntry ndtblndks. Mhbnc Mhbnc lphn lp hn dni bna bnakusbvh kusbvh tl hvhrylnh wbk w bkkk bgprlvh ylur hxphrbhnah bn bnthrdatbnc wbtj `hkklw Plkunthhrs dni ghgmhrs l` ylur jlst alggunbty. Qlgh D`rba D`rbadn-Dghrb dn-Dghrbaa dn dni Dsbdn-Dghrb Dsbdn-Dghrbaa dn Plkunthhrs jdvh mhhn dnnlyhi lr `rus trdthi wjhn w jhn Ylncdns thkk tjhg tjhy ‛klle oust kbeh w h il.‗ Dn Dn Dsbdn Dghrbadn gdy g dy mh adkk a dkkhi hi gdtd‒b Qbdpdnb (‛Odpdnhsh hyhs‗) lr gdtd‒b Qbdbnd (‛Ajbnhsh hyhs‗). D`rbadn-Dghrbadn Plkunthhrs drh slghtbghs rh`hrrhi tl my Ylncdns ds nbed, mut wbtjlut tjh l``hnsbvh alnnltdtbln dsslabdthi wbtj tjh sbgbkdr Dghrbadn skur. Jlwhvhr, wjhn Plkunthhrs mhalgh mhalg h enlwn tl t l tjhbr alggunbtb algg unbtbhs, hs, mhbnc l` alklr jds nlt nhcdtbvhky nhcdtbvhky bgpdathi tjhbr dmbkbty dmbkbty tl shrvh s hrvh h``hatbvhky. h``hatbvhky. Qlgh Dsbdn Dghrbadns Dghrbadns gdy jhdr Qbdbnd lr Qbdpdnb gbxhi gbxhi wbtj w btj slgh glae Ajbnhsh Ajbnhsh wlris w lris adkk adkkhi lut tl tjhg `rlg darlss tjh strhht lr wjbsphrhi tl d `rbhni. Yjh ndgh-adkkbnc adn mh bcnlrhi, mut bt gdy rhprhshnt bcnlrdnah l`, lr ibsalg ibsa lg`lrt `lrt wbtj, ibvhrsbty. ibvhrsbty. Glst Ylncdns adnnlt adnnlt ibstbncubsj ibstbncubsj mhtwhhn tjh Ajbnhsh bggbcrdnts dni Dsbdns Dsbdns `rlg ltjhr a luntrbhs, sl dkk dkk Dsbdns, bnakuib bna kuibnc nc Dsbdn Dghrbadns, thni tl mh crluphi crluphi wbtj tjh Ajbnhsh Ajbnhsh bggbcrdnts. bggbcrdnts. Yjbs dksl dksl gdehs Dsbdn-D Dsbdn-Dghrb ghrbadn adn Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs plthntbd plthntbdkk tdrchts `lr htjnbadkky gltbvdthi arbghs. Mdrs tjdt gbcjt mh daahptdmkh `lr ltjhr Plkunthhrs gbcjt mh unsd`h `lr ylu. Dmlvh dkk hksh, ush alggln a lggln shns h. Yjdt sdbi, htjnba prhouibah prhouibah dcdbnst Dsbdns Dsbdns bn Ylncd Yln cd bs bs algpkhx. a lgpkhx. D nugmhr l` Ajbnhsh bggb bggbcrdnts crdnts jdvh w lrehi jdri tl dilpt tjh Ylncdn Y lncdn kdncudch kdncudch dni tl bnthcrdth bnthcrdth h``hatbvhky. Iurbnc tjh Nueu‒dkl`d rblt ln Nlvhgmhr 40, =660, slgh Ajbnhsh bggbcrdnts whrh prlthathi my Ylncdn Ylncdn `rbhnis `rbhnis dni nhbcjmlrs. nhbcjmlrs. Dksl, Dksl, ds guaj guaj ds slgh Ylncdns Ylncdns algpkdb algpkdbn n dmlut dmlut Ajb Ajbnhsh nhsh stlrhs dni musbnhss prdatbahs, tjhsh tjhsh stlrhs drh drh bnarhdsb bnarhdsbnck nckyy plpuk plpukdr dr dni dni drcudmk drcudmkyy hss hsshntb hntbdk dk tl tjh halnlgba halnlgba whkk-mhb whkk-mhbnc nc l` tjh ebncilg. Yl mh dn h``hat h`` hatbvh bvh Dsbdn-Dghrbadn Dsbdn-Dghrbadn Plkunthhr, Plkunthhr, bt wbk w bkkk mh m h nhahss nha hssdry dry tl bnthcrdth bntl bntl tjh alggunbty. algg unbty. Kht phlpkh phlpkh enlw wjdt d Vhdah Vhdah Alrps Plk Plkunthhr unthhr bs, tjdt ylu algh `rlg Dghrb Dghrbad, ad, dni wjdt ylur ylur Plkunthhr lkunthhr YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 11
w lre bs. Dilptbnc Dilptbnc tjh ndtbvh ndtbvh Ylncdn Y lncdn dttbrh wbk w bkkk dksl bgghibdthky bgghibdthky bihntb`y bihntb`y ylu ds slghlnh wjl w jl bs bs trybnc tr ybnc tl khdrn khdrn dmlut dni rhsphat tjh Ylncdn Y lncdn wdy l` kb`h. kb`h. Plkunthhr Plkunth hr Algghnt
‛Ylncdns gdy nlt bnbtbdk bnbtbdkky ky tjbne ylu drh Dghrbadn, Dghrbadn, w jbaj adn khdi tl dwew dri quhstblns. quhst blns. Yjhy thni tl tjbne l` Shsthrn-wlrki `lrhbcnhrs ds wjbth lnky. Iln‒t tdeh bt phrslndkky. Ylncdns oust rhdkky rhdkky drhn‒t hxplshi hxpls hi tl guaj gua j ibvhrs ibvhrsbty.‗ bty.‗ Vlssbmkh Bssuhs `lr Khsmbdn, Cdy, Mbshxudk, Yrdnschnihr, Tuhstblnbnc/Tuhhr, Dkky (KCMYTD) Plkunthhrs
@lr KCMYT Plkunthhrs? Cbvhn Ylncd‒s trdibtblndk vdkuhs, shxudk lrbhntdtbln dni nln-aln`lrgbnc chnihr bihntbtbhs bihntbtbhs gbcjt nlt mh ibsaus shi lphnky. Bn slgh adshs, a dshs, tjh KCM KCMYT YT alggunbty al ggunbty gdy mh stbcgdtb st bcgdtbzhi. zhi. Gbni`uk Gbni`uk l` tjh aukturdk nlrgs dni aluntry a luntry-sphab`b -sphab`baa kdws, kdws , tjh ihabsbln tl shrvh shr vh lphnky lphnky bs bs kh`t tl hdaj bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudk Vhdah Vhda h Alrps Plkunthhr. Plkunthhr. Gdny KCMYT KCMYT Plkunthhrs jdvh a jlshn tl mh ibsarhht ibsar hht dmlut tjhbr tjhbr shxudk lrbhntdtb lr bhntdtbln ln dni/lr chnihr bihntbty wbtjbn tjhbr jls t alggunbtbhs. a lggunbtbhs. Qlgh KCMYT KCMYT Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs jdvh ajlshn tl algh lut tl alggunbty ghgmhrs, wbtj d rhsukt l` plsbtbvh dni nhcdtbvh rhdatblns, wjbkh slgh jdvh algh lut lnky tl shkhat Vhdah Alrps std`` s td`` dni Plkunthhrs. Plkunthhrs. Ihdkb Ihdkbnc wbtj w btj quhstblns quhstblns dmlut mly`rbhnis, cbrk`rbhnis, gdrrbdch, dni ajbkirhn gdy, dt tbghs, mh strhss`uk `lr KCMYT Plkunthhrs. Rlu gdy `bni tjdt Ylncd bs d khss lphn dni bnakusbvh hnvbrlnghnt tjdn ylu jdvh prhvblusky hxphrbhnahi. Vkhdsh enlw, jlwhvhr, tjdt Vhdah Alrps bs supplrtbvh supplrtbvh l` ylu dni Vhdah Vhda h Alrps s td`` whkalghs ibdk ibdklcuh lcuh dmlut jlw tl hnsurh hnsur h ylur sua ahss ds dn KCMYTD KCMYTD Plkunthhr. Plkunthhr. Glrh bn`lrgdtbln dmlut shrvbnc s hrvbnc ds dn KCM KCMYT YT Plkunthhr bs dvdbkdmkh dvdbkdmkh dt tjh Khsmbdn, Khsmbdn, Cdy, Mbshxudk, Mbshxudk, dni Yrdns Y rdnschnihr chnihr Vhdah Vhda h Alrps Dkugnb Dkugnb whmsbth whms bth dt dt kcmrpav. kcmrpav.lrc lrc.. Diibtblndkk iibtblndkky, y, tjh Vhdah V hdah Alrps‒ Alrps ‒ KCMYTD KCMYTD hgpklyhh hgpklyhh rhslura rhs lurahh crlup, Qphatrug, adn mh rhdajhi dt s dt sphatrugFphdahalrps phatrugFphdahalrps.clv .clv.. @lr Dkky Plkunthhrs? Plkunthhrs ? Vhdah Alrps std`` bnthnis tl arhdth lphn, bnakusbvh, dni daahptbnc hnvbrlnghnts. Ds
dn dchnay, tjh Vhdah Alrps hnalurdchs Plkunthhrs tl shrvh ds dkkbhs tl tjhbr KCMYT alkkhdcuhs bn lrihr tl arhdth a rhdth d sd`h hnvbrlnghnt. hnvbrlnghnt. Gdny KCMYT KCMYT Plkunthhrs jdvh shrvhi suaa s uaa hss`ukky hss`ukky bn bn Ylncd dni jdvh vhry `lni ghglrbhs l` tjhbr t jhbr alggunbty al ggunbty dni shrvbah. KCMYTD KCMYTD supplrt crlups gdy mh dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh bn ylur aluntry a luntry l` shrvbah, s hrvbah, prlvbibnc prlvbibnc d nhtwlre tl supplrt s upplrt tjh nhhis nhhis l` tjh Vhdah Alrps KCMYTD KCMYTD alggunbty. alggunbty. Vhdah V hdah Alrps std`` wbkk wbkk wlre w btj Plkunthhrs tl t l prlvbih tjhg wbtj kladkky kladkky bn`lrghi bn`lrg hi phrsphatbvhs. phrspha tbvhs. Ylncdn shxudk glrhs drh `dbrky strbat, strbat , dni ungdrrbhi gdkhs gdkhs dni `hgdkhs drh ehpt rhkdtbvhk rhkdtbvhky y glrh shpdrdthi shpdr dthi tjdn bs tjh nlrg bn tjh X.Q. Cdy gdkh rhkdtblnsjbps drh vhry ibsarhht, tjlucj nlt tltdkky unalggln. Bn ` dedkhbtb, wjhrhmy mlys drh rdbshi ds cbrks Ylncd, tjhrh bs d alnahpt alna hpt adkkhi adkkhi `dedkhbtb, cbrks dni tdeh ln tjh tj h dpphdrdnah dni sla bdk rhsplnsbmb rhsplns bmbkb kbtbhs tbhs l` wlghn. wl ghn. Yjbs Yj bs bs bs l`thn l` thn ilnh bn bn jlushjlkis tjdt il nlt jdvh d `hgdkh ajbk a jbki i tl t l jhkp jhkp wbtj ajlrhs drluni tjh jlush. @dedkhbtbs bn Ylncd gdy lr gdy nlt mh dsslabdthi wbtj jlglshxudkbty, tjlucj cdys drh dr h usudkky usudkky dssla ds sla bdthi wbtj `dedkhbtb `dedkhbtb.. Gdkh Plkunthhrs w jl hncdch bn bn typbadkky typbadkky `hgdkhilgbndthi ajlrhs bn Ylncd drh l`thn ght wbtj kducjthr dni adkkhi adkkhi `dedkh ` dedkhbtb btb . Quaj Qua j kducjbnc kducjbnc dni olebnc olebnc thnis tl t l mh jdrgkhss, ds `dedkhbtbs `dedkhbtbs jdvh klnc mhhn dn daahpt da ahpthi hi pdrt l` tjh Ylncdn Yl ncdn aukturh. aukturh. Rlu wbkk khdrn khdrn glrh dmlut tjbs aukturdk pjhnlghnln iurbnc prh-shrvbah trdbnbnc. Cdy rhkdtblnsjbps bn Ylncd drh nlt whkk rhshdrajhi dni ilaughnthi, mut tjh `rhquhnay dni hxpkbabtnhss l` olehs olehs dni rh`hrhnahs succhsts d prhvdk prhvdkhnah hnah tjdt jds nlt mhhn lphnky lphnky daenlwkhichi. daenlwkhichi. Yjlucj Yjlucj nlt nhahssdrbky alnnhathi, gdny Plkunthhrs lmshrvh Ylncdn gdkhs tl mh alg`lrtdmkh wbtj jlkibnc dnltjhr gdn‒s jdni lr wdkebnc wdkebnc ilwn tjh strhht str hht wbtj tjhbr drgs drluni dnltjhr gdn‒s sjl s jluk ukihr. ihr.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 19
Khsmbdnbsg Khsmbdnbsg bn Ylncd bs bs nhdrky bnvbsbmkh. bnvbsbmkh. (Vhlpkh gdy sdy bt bs nlnhxbst nlnhxbsthnt.) hnt.) Ibsa ussblns uss blns l` btbt drh l`thn rhsplnihi tl wbtj ihrbsbln lr ibsmhkbh`. Yjbs adn plsh unbquh ajdkkhnchs `lr cdy wlghn shrvbnc bn Ylncd, hsphabdkky rhkdthi tl h``hatbvhky alpbnc wbtj tjh aukturdk nlrgs drluni shxudkbty. Sjbkh Sjbkh a rlssrls s-irhssb irhssbnc nc `lr ghn bs bs daahptdmkh, da ahptdmkh, tjhrh drh kdws dcdbnst slilgy, slilg y, sl jdvbnc jdvbnc d sdgh-shx sdgh- shx pdrtnhr adn adush a dush bssuhs w btj `rbhnis, `rbhnis, alkkhdcuh alkkhdcuhs, s, dni hvhn hvhn plssbm plss bmky ky tjh kdw. kdw. Bt bs mhst tl mh ibsarhht dmlut tjbs untbk untbk ylu adn mhtthr dss hss tjh glli l` tjh alggunb alggunbty. ty. Vlssbmkh B ssuhs ss uhs `lr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs wbtj Ibsdmbkbtbhs Ibsdmbkbtbhs
Ds pdrt l` tjh ghibadk akhdrdnah prlahss, tjh Vhdah Alrps L``bah l` Jhdktj Qhrvbahs ihthrgbnhi ylu whrh pjysbadkky pjysbadkky dni hgltblndk hgltblndkky ky adpdmk a dpdmkh, h, wbtj lr wbtjlut diibtbln diibtblndk dk ghibadk ghibadk supplrt, tl phr`lrg d `ukk `ukk tlur l` Plkunthhr shrvbah bn Ylncd wbtjlut d sbcnb`badnt rbse l` jdrg tl ylurshk` lr bnthrruptbln l` shrvbah. Yjh Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd std`` wbkk wlre wbtj ibsdmkhi Plkunthhrs tl supplrt tjhg bn trdbnbnc, jlusbnc, olmsbths, olmsbths, lr ltjhr ltjhr drhds tl hndmkh hndmkh tjhg tl shrvh sd`hky sd`hky dni dni h``ha h``hatbvh tbvhky ky.. Ylncdns chnhrdkky chnhrdkky trhdt phlpkh wbtj ibsdmbkbtb ibsdmbkbtbhs hs w btj rhsphat. rhspha t. Yjh Y jh gdbn gdbn ajdkkhnch ajdkkhnch wbkk wbkk mh m h tjdt tjh daa lgglidtblns ylu gdy daaustlghi da austlghi tl jdvbnc bn tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths Qt dths gdy nlt mh dvdbkdmkh dvdbkdmkh kladkky. kladkky. Vlssbmkh B ssuhs ss uhs `lr Plkunthhr Plkunthhr Alupkhs Alupkhs
Mh`lrh alggbttbnc tl Vhdah Alrps shrvbah, alupkhs sjluki alnsbihr jlw ib``hrhnt ihcrhhs l` hntjusbdsg dmlut Vhdah Alrps shrvbah, didptdtbln tl tjh pjysbadk dni aukturdk hnvbrlnghnt, dni jlghsbaenhss wbkk d``hat tjhbr tjhbr kbvhs. kbvhs. Bt a dn mh jhkp`uk jhkp`uk tl rhalcnbzh tjdt tjdt ylur rhdatbln r hdatblnss tl tjhsh bssuhs ss uhs wbk w bkkk ajdnch tjrlucjlut ylur shrvbah, dni ylu gdy nlt dkwdys `hhk tjh sdgh ds ylur pdrtnhr. Rlu dni ylur pdrtnhr wbkk jdvh ib``hrhnt olms, ib``hrhnt sajhiukhs, dni ib``hrhnah slabhtdk prhssurhs. Lnh pdrtnhr gdy khdrn tjh kdncudch `dsthr tjdn tjh ltjhr lr jdvh d glrh sdtbs`ybnc dssbcnghnt. dssbcnghnt. Yjb Y jbss adn a rhdth rhdth algphtbtbln algphtbtbln dni dni put ib``hrhnt ebnis ebnis l` strhss strhs s ln hdaj phrsln. phrs ln. Dntb Dntbabpdtb abpdtbnc nc jlw tjhsh prhssurhs prhs surhs wbkk wbkk d``hat ylu dni ylur pdrtnhr ib``hrhntky tjrlucjlut ylur shrvbah adn jhkp ylu rhgdbn d slurah l` supplrt `lr hdaj ltjhr. Gdebnc `rbhnis wbtj ltjhr Plkunthhrs bs d arbtbadk pdrt l` `bttbnc bntl tjh kdrchr vlkunthhr aukturh dni adn dksl mh d clli wdy tl t l hxpdni ylur supplrt nhtw lre. Sjbkh Sjbkh alupkhs al upkhs wbkk kbvh kbvh tlchtjhr iurbnc iur bnc tjhbr shrvbah, s hrvbah, tjhy t jhy gdy kbvh kbvh bn shpdrdth shpdrdt h tlwns iurbnc tjhbr tjhbr prhshrvbah trdbnbnc. trdbnbnc. Yjbs bs d strhss` str hss`uk uk tbgh tbgh `lr glst gls t Plkunthhrs, Plkunthhrs, dni bt adn mh jhkp`uk jhkp`uk tl ibsauss ibsa uss bn divdnah divdnah jlw ylu wbkk ihdk wbtj tjbs plthntbdk shpdrdtbln. Rlur pdrtnhr adn mh dn bgplrtdnt slurah l` stdmbkbty mut adn dksl dii strhss tl ylur trdbnbnc hxphrbhnah. Rlu gdy `hhk tlrn mhtwhhn trdvhkbnc tl vbsbt ylur pdrtnhr dni `lausbnc `la usbnc ln ylur trdbnbnc, ylur jlst `dgbk ` dgbky, y, dni `rbhnis `r bhnis ylu jdvh gdih dt dt ylur trdbnb tr dbnbnc nc sbth. s bth. Alupkhs Alupkhs l`thn `dah `da h prhssur prhss urhh `rlg jlst aluntry aluntry ndtblndk ndtblndkss tl ajdnch a jdnch tjhbr tjhbr rrlk lkhs hs tl aln`lrg mhtthr wbtj trdibtblndk Ylncd Ylnc d rhkdtblnsjbps. rhkdtblnsjbps. Ylncd Y lncd ghn dni w lghn dkbeh dkbeh wbkk l`thn nlt unihrstdni unihrs tdni Dghrbadn Dghrbadn rhkdtblnsjbp rhkdtblnsjbp iyndgbas dni gdy mh lutw driky arbtbadk l` rhkdtblnsjbps rhkdtblnsjbps tjdt il nlt dijhrh tl trdibtb tr dibtblndk lndk chnihr rlkhs. Bt B t bs bs dksl jhkp`uk tl tjbne dmlut jlw prhssur prhs surhs hs tl aln`lrg aln`lrg tl Ylncd aukturh aukturh adn a dn mh ajdkkhncbnc ajdkkhncbnc tl ghn dni wlghn bn vhry ib``hrhnt wdys. w dys. Alns bihrbnc bihrbnc jlw ylur pdrtnhr pdr tnhr bs bs mhbnc d``hathi d``hat hi dni ibsa ibsauss ussbn bnc c wjdt, w jdt, b` dny, dsphats ds phats l` ylur rhkdtb rhkdtblnsjbp lnsjbp sjluki sjluki mh ajdnchi a jdnchi adn jhkp jhkp rhiuah s trhss `lr ylu mltj. Plkunthhr Algghnt
‛Yjh `dat tjdt mltj jusmdni dni wb`h drh wlreb wlr ebnc nc bn tjh sdgh shatlr (prlmdmk (prlmdmky y dt tjh sdgh sajllk) adn mrhhi dn unhxphathi shnsh l` algphtbtbln, ouicghnt, `rustrdtbln, ibsdpplbntghnt, dni ibstr ibstrust. ust. Mhadush ylur s plush bs ihdkb ihdkbnc wb w btj tjh hxdat s dgh prhssurhs ds ylu drh, dni sjh/jh sjh/jh gdy nlt mh dmkh dmkh tl mh tjhrh `lr ylu wjhn ylur prhss pr hssurhs urhs glunt. Bt's jdri dni dnnlybnc dnnlybnc dni jhdrtYJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 18
wrhnajbnc wr hnajbnc dni dksl dksl dgdzbnc dni dni kb`h-d``brgbnc dni wbk w bkkk uktbgdthky mrbnc mr bnc ylu sl guaj gua j aklshr tlchtjhr. Jdnc ln `lr d vhry wbk w bki i rbih!‗ r bih!‗ Vlssbmkh ]h kbcblus Bssuhs `lr Plkunthhrs
Yjh lvhrwjhkgbnc gdolrbty l` Ylncdns drh Ajrbstbdn, dni dtthnibnc ajuraj dni lmshrvbnc jlky idys drh bgplrtdnt datbvbtbhs bn hvhry alggunbty. Ln Qunidys, `lr hxdgpkh, rharhdtbln bs `lrmbiihn my kdw. ]hcdrikh ]hcdrikhss ss l` tjhbr lwn `dbtj, `dbtj, gdny Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs a jllsh tl dtthni a juraj tl sjlw s jlw rhsphat `lr kladk austlgs dni tl ihvhklp ihvhklp rhkd r hkdtblnsjbps tblnsjbps bn tjhbr alggunbtbhs. a lggunbtbhs. Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs l` hvhry rhkbcblus/s rhkbcblus/spbrb pbrbtudk tudk phrsudsbln phrs udsbln drh hnalurdchi tl rhalcnbzh tjh ajuraj ds dn bgplrtdnt alggunbty bnstbtutbln. Plkunthhrs wjl drh wlrrbhi dmlut tjh rhkbcblus/spbrbtudk ndturh l` tjbs pdrtbabpdtbln adn alnsukt wbtj tjhbr phhrs lr Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs `rlg prhvblus prhvblus crlups ln jlw tl tdat`ukk tdat`ukky y wlre bn bn d ajura j-ilg -ilgbbndnt slabh sla bhty ty wjbkh wjbkh gdbntdbnbnc gdbntdbnbnc lnh‒s ln h‒s lwn lw n mhkbh`s. mhkbh`s. Gdny Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs wjl w jl jdvh mhhn pdrtbaukdrky pdrtbaukdrky alna a lnahrnhi hrnhi dmlut tjbs tjbs dspha t l` shrvb s hrvbnc nc bn Ylncd jdvh lmshrvhi tjdt dtthnibnc dtthnibnc shrvbahs bs d w dy l` sjlwbn sjlw bnc c rhsphat `lr kladk austlg aus tlgss dni jhkps ihvhklp rhkdtblnsjbps bn tjhbr alggunbtbhs. Plkunthhr Algghnts
‛]hkbcb ‛]hkbcbln ln bs d gdss bvh pdrt l` Ylncdn Yln cdn aukturh. Hvhn b` b` ylu drh nlt d rhkbcblus rhkbcblus phrsln, phrs ln, jdvbnc d prhshnah bn ylur alggunbty‒s alggunbty‒s ajuraj ln Qunidys Qunidys bs vbtd vbtdkk tl ylur ylur alggunbty bnthcrdtb bnthcrdtbln.‗ ln.‗ ‛Ylncd bs chnhrdkky chnhrdkky d alnshr a lnshrvdtbvh vdtbvh dni rdtjhr rhkbcblus rhkbcblus aluntry. a luntry. Bt B t bs bs bgplrtdnt mh ylurshkvhs wjbkh ylu drh jhrh, wbtjbn rhsphat`uk kbgbtdtblns. Sjdt B ghdn my tjdt bs, gdymh mh`lrh ylu nhvhr dtthnihi ajura a juraj j lr ibi nlt mhklnc mhklnc tl d pdrtbaukdr ajuraj, ajur aj, jlwhvhr, jhrh bt bs bs clli tl mh gbni`uk l` tjh trdibtblns dni try ylur mhst tl bgghrsh ylurshk` bn Ylncdn aukturh wjhn ylu adn. Dtthnibnc ajuraj ajura j ds d vbsbtlr ilhs nlt jdvh tl nhahss drbky drbky mh d spbrbtudk spbrbtudk datbvbty datbvbty `lr ylu, mut adn a dn rdtjhr mh tjlucjt l` ds pdrtdebnc bbnn dn bgplrtdnt bgplrtdnt aus tlg.‗ Vlssbmkh Bss B ssuhs uhs `lr 86+ 86+ Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs
Lkihr Plkunthhrs gdy `bni tjhbr dch dn dssht bn Ylncd. Yjhy wbkk l`thn jdvh daahss tl bnibvbiudks dni bnsbcjts tjdt drh nlt dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh tl ylunchr Plkunthhrs. Plkunthhrs. Ln tjh ltjhr jdni, tjhy t jhy wbkk wbkk mh bn d ibstbnat gbnlrbty wbtjbn tjh Plkunthhr plpukdtbln dni aluki `bni tjhgshkvhs `hhkbnc bslkdthi, kllehi up tl, lr bcnlrhi. Lkihr Plkunthhrs drh l`thn daaustlghi tl d crhdthr ihcrhh l` bnihphnihnah dni `rhhilg l` glvhghnt tjdn tjh Vhdah Vhda h Alrps‒ prlcrdg `laus dni sd`hty dni shaurbty prdatbahs prdatbahs dkkl dkklw. w. Vrh-shrvb Vrh-shrvbah ah trdbnbn trdbnbnc c adn a dn mh pdrtbaukdrk pdrtbaukdrky y strhss s trhss`uk `uk `lr 86+ Plkunthhrs, lkunthhrs, wjlsh kbkb`hklnc `hklnc khdrnb khdrnbnc nc stykhs dni jdmbts jdmbts gdy lr lr gdy nlt khni khni tjhgshkvhs tl tjh thajnbquhs ushi. D 86+ Plkunthhr gdy mh tjh lnky lkihr phrsln bn d crlup l` Plkunthhrs dni bnbtbdk bnbtbdkky ky gdy nlt `hhk pdrt l` tjh t jh crlup. Rlunchr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs gdy klle tl dn lkihr Plkunthhr `lr ` lr divbah dni supplrt5 supplr t5 slgh s lgh `bni tjbs tjbs tl mh dn hnolydmkh hnolydmkh hxphrbhnah, w jbkh jbkh ltjhrs lt jhrs a jllsh nlt nlt tl `bkk `bkk tjbs t jbs rlkh. r lkh. Qlgh 86+ Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs gdy `bni bt ib``baukt tl t l didpt tl d kdae kdae l` strua s truaturh turh dni akdrbty bn bn tjhbr rlkh d`thr jdvbnc wlrehi `lr gdny yhdrs bn d vhry struaturhi dni ihgdnibnc olm. Glrh tjdn ylunchr Plkunthhrs, Plkunthhrs, lkihr Plkunthhrs gdy jdvh ajdkkhnchs ajdkkhnchs bn gdbntdbnbnc gdbntdbnbnc kb`hklnc kb`hklnc `rbhnisjbps dni ihdkbnc ihdkbnc w btj `bndna `bndnabdk bdk gdtthrs `rlg d`dr. d` dr. Yjhy gdy wdnt tl alnsb al nsbihr ihr dssbcnb dss bcnbnc nc plwhr l` dttlrnhy dtt lrnhy tl slghlnh bn bn tjh Qtdths. Qtdths . ]hsphat ]hspha t dni alurthsy alur thsy drh dr h hxthnihi tl mltj gdkh dni `hgdkh hkihrs bn Ylncd, dni lkihr lkihr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs drh kbehky kbehky tl mh cbvhn cbvhn pkdahs l` jbcj jlnlr. Lut l` rhspha r hsphatt `lr tjhbr tjhbr dch, Ylncdns l`thn ibsa ibsa lurdch lkihr Plkunthhrs `rlg pjysbadk datbvbty dni hxhrtbln.
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 10
Plkunthhr Algghnts
‛Yjhrh drh upsbihs dni ilwnsbihs tl mhbnc d 86+ vlkunthhr bn Ylncd. Ln lnh jdni, Ylncdns rhvhrh tjhbr hkihrs hkihrs dni drh hsphabdkky hsphabdkky rhsphat rhs phat`uk `uk tl lkihr lkihr thdajhrs thda jhrs,, wjbaj aluki gdeh ylur sajllk sbtudtbln sbtudtbln guaj hdsbhr hdsbhr tjdn d ylunchr thdajhr wjl wluki wluki jdvh tl wlre w lre jdrihr tl cdbn cdbn tjdt `lunidtbln l` rhsphat. Jlwhvhr, kbvbnc bn Ylncd bnakuihs slgh dglunt l` pjysbadk ibsalg`lrt tjdt aluki mh glrh ib``baukt `lr dn lkihr Plkunthhr. Qbaenhss bs vhry alggln, ylu mdsbadkky jdvh tl wdke hvhrywjhrh, dni kbvbnc alnibtblns adn slghtbghs alnspbrh tl gdeh ylu ds unalg`lrtdmkh ds plssbmkh. Dny lkihr Plkunthhrs sjluki whbcj jhdktj alnahrns dni stdnidris l` alg`lrt dcdbnst tjhbr ihsbrh mh`lrh tjhy gdeh tjhbr ihabsbln.‗
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 13
@]HTXHNYKR DQEHI TXHQYBLNQ Jlw guaj kuccdch dg B dkklwhi dkklwhi tl mrbnc mrbnc tl Ylncd< Glst dbrkbnhs dbrkbnhs jdvh mdccdch sbzh dni whbcjt kbgb kbgbts ts dni dsshss dsshs s ajdrchs a jdrchs `lr trdnsplrt l` mdccdch tjdt hxahhis tjlsh tjls h kbgb kbgbts. ts. Yjh Vhdah Alrps jds bts lwn lw n sbzh dni whbcjt whbcjt kbgbts kbgbts dni w bkk bkk nlt pdy tjh alst als t l` trdnsplrt `lr mdccdch tjdt hxahhis tjhsh kbgb kbgbts. ts. Yjh Vhdah Alrps‒ dkkl dkklwdna wdnahh bs twl tw l ajhaehi ajhaehi pbhahs pbhahs l` kuccdch wbtj w btj algmbnhi ibghnsblns ibghnsblns l` mltj pbhahs nlt tl t l hxahhi 463 bnajhs (khnctj ( khnctj + wbitj + jhbcjt) jhbcjt) dni d adrry-ln mdc wbtj ibghnsblns l` nl glrh tjdn 98 bnajhs. Ajhaehi mdccdch sjluki nlt hxahhi 466 plunis tltdk wbtj d gdxbgug gdxbgug whb w hbcjt cjt l` 86 plunis plunis phr mdc.
Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhrs drh nlt dkklwhi tl tdeh phts, whdplns, hxpklsbvhs, rdibl trdnsgbtthrs (sjlrtwdvh rdibls drh phrgbtthi), dutlglmbkhs, lr gltlrayakhs tl tjhbr lvhrshds dssbcnghnts. Il nlt pdae `kdggdmkh gdthrbdks gdthrbdks lr kbqubis kbqubis sua j ds kbcjthr kbcjthr `kubi, `kubi, akhd a khdnbnc nbnc slkvhnts, jdbr sprdy, spr dy, lr dhrlslk dhrlsl k aln alntdbnhrs. tdbnhrs. Yjb Y jbss bs dn bgplrtdnt bgplrtdnt sd`hty s d`hty prhadutb prha dutbln. ln. Sjdt bs tjh h khatr kh atrba ba aurrhnt aurrhnt bn Ylncd< Yjh aurrhnt a urrhnt bn Ylncd bs bs ==6 vlkts, 86 ayakh aya khs, s, wbtj vdrbdtb vdrbdtblns. lns. Yjh vdrbdtbl vdrbdtblns ns a dn mh hxtrhgh dt tbghs, tbghs, sl mh prhpdrhi tl tdeh prlthatbvh ghdsurhs `lr dny hkhatrlnba hkhatrlnba hqubpghnt hqubpghnt ylu mrbnc mrbnc.. Gdny Gdny Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs bn bn Ylncd jdvh hkhat hkhatrbabty rbabty bn tjhbr jlghs dt khdst slgh slg h l` tjh tbgh, tbgh, bnakuibnc bnakuibnc tjdt prliua hi my slkdr plwhr lr cds chnhrdtlrs. Glst Plkunthhrs pkdahi ln tjh luthr bskdnis jdvh hkhatrbabty mhtwhhn sphab`ba hvhnbnc dni nbcjttbgh jlurs wjbkh d `hw jdvh nl hkhatrbabty. Jlw guaj glnhy glnh y sjluki s jluki B mrbnc< mrbnc< Plkunthhrs drh hxphathi hxphat hi tl kbvh kbvh dt tjh sdgh s dgh khvhk khvhk ds tjh t jh phlpkh phlpkh bn tjhbr a lggunbty. Rlu w bkk bkk mh cbvhn d shttkb shtt kbnc-bn nc-bn dkklw dkklwdnah dnah dni d glntjky kbvbnc kbvbnc dkklw dkklwdnah, dnah, w jbaj sjluki alvhr ylur hxphnshs. hxphns hs. Plkunthhrs l`thn wbsj w bsj tl mrbnc mrbnc diibtblndk diibtblndk glnhy `lr vdadtbln vda dtbln trdvhk tl ltjhr aluntrbhs. a luntrbhs. Arhibt Ar hibt a dris dni trdvhkhr‒s ajhaes ajha es drh prh`hrdmkh prh`hrdmkh tl adsj. a dsj. B` ylu ajllsh ajllsh tl mrbnc hxtrd glnhy, mrbnc tjh dglunt tjdt wbkk subt ylur lwn trdvhk t rdvhk pkdns pkdns dni nhhis. Sjhn adn B tdeh vdadtbln vdadtbln dni dni jdvh phlpkh phl pkh vbsbt vbs bt gh gh < Hdaj Plkunthhr Plkunthhr daa ruhs tw t w l vdadtbln idys phr glntj glnt j l` shrvbah (hxakuibnc (hxakuibnc trdbnbnc). trdbnbnc). Khdvh gdy nlt mh tdehn iurbnc iurbnc trdbnbnc, trdbnbnc, tjh ``bbrst tjrhh glntjs l` shrvbah, lr tjh kdst kdst tjrhh glntjs l` shrvbah, shrvbah, hxahpt bn alnounatbln wbtj dn dutjlrbzhi hghrchnay khdvh. @dgbky dni `rbhnis drh whkalgh tl vbsbt ylu d`thr prhshrvbah trdbnbnc trdbnbnc dni tjh `brst `brst tjrhh glntjs l` shrvbah ds klnc ds tjhbr stdy ilhs nlt bnthr`hrh wbtj ylur wlre. wlr e. Hxthnihi stdys dt ylur sbth drh nlt hnalurdchi hna lurdchi dni gdy rhqubrh rhqubrh phrgbssbln `rlg ylur aluntry aluntry ibrhatlr. ibrhatlr. Yjh Vhdah Alrps bs nlt dmkh tl prlvbih prlvbih ylur vbsbtlrs vbsbtlrs wbtj vbsd, ghibadk, ghibadk, lr trdvhk dss dssbstdnah. bstdnah. Sbkk gy mhklncbncs mh alvhrhi my bnsurdnah< Yjh Vhdah Alrps ilhs nlt prlvbih bnsurdnah alvhrdch `lr phrslndk h``hats5 Plkunthhrs drh uktbgdthky rhsplnsbmkh `lr tjh sd`hehhpbnc l` tjhbr phrslndk mhklncbncs. Jlwhvhr, ylu adn purajdsh phrslndk prlphrty bnsurdna bnsurdnahh mh`lrh mh`lrh ylu ylu khdvh khdvh (alntdat (a lntdat ylur lwn lwn bnsurdnah bnsurdnah algpdny). algpdny). Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs sjluki sjluki nlt nlt sjbp lr tdeh vdkudmkh vdkudmkh bthgs lvhrs hds. Ohwhkry, O hwhkry, wdtajhs, wdtajhs , rdibls, rdibls, adghrds, adghr ds, hkhatrlnbas, dni hxphnsbvh dppkbdnahs dppkbdnahs drh sumohat tl klss klss,, tjh`t, t jh`t, dni mrhdedch, dni, bn gdny pkdahs, pkdahs, sdtbs`datlry sdtbs`datlry gdbnthndnah gdbnthndnah dni rhpdbr rhpdbr shrvb s hrvbahs ahs drh nlt nl t dvdbkdmkh. dvdbkdmkh. Il B nh h i dn dn bnthrnd bnthrndtblnd tblndkk irbvh irbvh r‒s r‒s kbah nsh< Plkunthhrs bn Ylncd il nlt nhhi dn bnthrndtblndk irbvhr‒s kbahns kbahnshh mhadush mhadus h tjhy drh prljbmbthi prljbmbthi `rlg lphrdtbnc prbvdthky prbvdthky lwnhi lw nhi gltlrbzhi vhjbakhs. vhjbakhs. Glst urmdn trdvhk tr dvhk bs my mus lr tdxb. ]urdk trdvhk rdnchs `rlg mushs mus hs dni gbnbmushs gbnbmushs tl trua es, mbayakhs, mbayakhs, dni klts klts l` wdk w dkeb ebnc. nc. Ln vhry rdrh laads la adsbl blns, ns, d Plk Plkunthhr unthhr gdy mh dsehi ds ehi tl irbvh d splnslr‒s splnslr ‒s vhjbakh, vhjbakh, mut tjbs adn a dn laaur lnky wbtj prblr prblr wrbtthn w rbtthn phrgbssbl phrgbssbln n `rlg tjh t jh
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 1:
aluntry ibrhatlr. Qjluki tjbs laaur, tjh Plkunthhr gdy lmtdbn d kladk irbvhr‒s kbahnsh. D X.Q. irbvhr‒s kbahns kbahnshh wbk w bkkk `dabkbtdth `dabkbtdth tjh prlahss prla hss,, sl mrbnc mrbnc btbt wbtj ylu oust oust bn adsh. a dsh. Sjdt Sjdt s jluki B mrbnc ds cb`ts c b`ts `lr Ylncd `rbh `rbh nis dni gy jls t `dgbky< `dgbky< Yjbs bs nlt d rhqubrhghnt. D tlehn l` `rbhnisjbp bs su``babhnt. Qlgh cb`t succhstblns bnakuih enbaeendaes `lr tjh t jh jlush5 pbaturhs, mlles, lr adkhnidrs adkhnidrs l` Dghrbadn ghrbadn sahnhs5 s ahnhs5 sluvhnbrs sluvhnbrs `rlg ylur drhd5 jdri adnibhs adnibhs tjdt wbkk nlt ghkt lr splbk5 lr pjltls tl cbvh dwdy. dw dy. Sjhrh jh rh wbkk wbkk gy s bth dssbcnghnt ds sbcnghnt mh wjh wjh n B `bnbsj `bnbsj trdbnbn trdbnbnc c dni jlw bslkdthi bsl kdthi wbkk wbkk B mh< mh < Vhdah Vhda h Alrps trdbnhhs drh nlt dssbcnhi tl bnibvbiudk bnibvbiudk sbths untbk d`thr d` thr tjhy jdvh a lgpkhthi prh-shrvbah prh-s hrvbah trdbnbnc. Yjbs cbvhs Vhdah Alrps std`` tjh lpplrtunbty tl dsshss hdaj trdbnhh‒s thajnbadk dni kdncudch sebkks sebkks prblr tl dssbcnbnc ds sbcnbnc sbths, sbths , bn diibtbln diibtbln tl `bndkbzb `bndkbzbnc nc sbth shkh s hkhaa tblns wbtj tjhbr gbnbstry gbnbstry alunthrpdr a lunthrpdrts ts.. B` `hdsbmk `hds bmkh, h, ylu gdy jdvh tjh lpplrtunbty tl prlvbih bnput ln ylur sbth prh`hr p rh`hrhnahs hnahs,, bna bnakuib kuibnc nc chlcrdpjbadk kladtbln, ibstdnah ibstdna h `rlg ltjhr Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs,, dni kbvb kbvbnc nc aln alnibtb ibtblns. lns. Jlwhvhr, lw hvhr, ehhp bn gbni tjdt gdny `datlrs `da tlrs bn`kuhnah tjh sbth shkhatbln prlahss dni tjdt tjh Vhdah Alrps adnnlt cudrdnthh pkdahghnt wjhrh ylu w luki bihdkky bihdkky kbeh kbeh tl mh. Glst Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs kbvh kbvh bn sgdkk tlw t lwns ns lr bn rurdk vbkkdch vbkkdchss dni drh `rhquhntky wbtjbn lnh jlur `rlg dnltjhr Plk Plkunthhr. unthhr. Qlgh sbth s bthss rhqubrh rhqubrh d idy‒s trdvhk tl rhdaj tjh Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd plst. Jlw adn gy gy `dgbk `dgbky y alntdat gh bn dn dn hghrch h ghrch nay< Yjh Vhdah Alrps Alunshkbnc dni Lutrhdaj Xnbt prlvbihs dssbstdnah bn jdnikbnc hghrchnabhs d``hatbnc trdbnhhs dni Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs lr tjhbr `dgbk ` dgbkbhs. bhs. Mh`lrh khdvbnc khdvbnc tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths, Qtdths , bnstruat bnstr uat ylur `dgbky `dgbky tl nltb`y tjh Alunshkbnc Alunshkbnc dni Lutrhdaj Lutrhda j Xnbt Xnbt bgghibdthk bgghibdthkyy b` dn hghrchnay hghr chnay drbshs, drbshs , suaj s uaj ds d shrblus bkknhss bkknhss lr ihdtj l` d `dgbky `dgbky ghgmhr. Yjh Y jh Alunshkbnc Alunshkbnc dni Lutrhdaj Xnbt Xnbt a dn mh rhdajhi rhda jhi dt :88.:88.4204, :88.:88.4204 , shkhat shkhat lptbln lpt bln 4, hxt. 4936. D`thr musbn mus bnhss hss jlurs, ln whhehnis, whhehnis, dni ln jlkbidys, jlkbidys, tjh ALX iuty l``bahr a dn mh rhdajhi dt tjh sdgh nugmhr. @lr nln-hghrchnay quhstblns, ylur `dgbky adn alntdat ylur aluntry ihse std`` tjrlucj tjh gdbn Vhdah Alrps nugmhr? :88.:88.4204. Jlw h dsy bs bt tl adkk jlgh jlgh `rlg `rlg Ylncd< Bt bs plssbmk plss bmkhh tl purajdsh pura jdsh d kla kladk dk thkhpjlnh adri adr i tl adkk tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths . Qlgh Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs ush Qeyph `lr tjhbr alggunbadtbln wbtj `dgbky dni `rbhnis mdae jlgh. Qjluki B mrbnc d ahkkpjlnh wbtj gh< Ylncd jds tw l glmbkh glmbkh pjlnh systhgs. syst hgs. Yjh lnky glmbkh glmbkh pjlnhs pjlnhs algpdtb a lgpdtbmk mkhh wbtj w btj tjh systhgs jhrh drh trb mdni pjlnhs, wjbaj utbk utbkbzh bzh QBG adris. Glst glmbkh glmbkh pjlnhs `rlg tjh X.Q. X.Q. drh nlt algpdtbmk algpdtbmkh. h. Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd Alrps /Ylncd prlvbihs pr lvbihs dkk dkk Plkunthhrs w btj d mdsba a hkkpjlnh. hkkpjlnh. B` ylu il mrbnc d pjlnh `rlg jlgh, jlg h, ylu wbk w bkkk jdvh tl pdy d `hh tl jdvh btbt ‛unklaehi‗ ‛unklaehi‗ `rlg tjh X.Q. s ysthg mh`lrh bt adn w lre bn Ylncd. Sbkk tjh rh mh h gdbk gdbk dni Bnthrnht Bnth rnht daah ss< Qjluki B mrbnc mrbnc gy algputh algputh r< Yjhrh bs hgdbk hgdbk dni Bnthrnht daahss daa hss dt musbnhsshs musbnhsshs bn kdrchr kdrchr tlwns, tlw ns, dt tjh Vhdah Alrps l``bah ln tjh gdbn bskdni Ylncdtdpu, dni plssbmky tjrlucj ylur jlst lrcdnbzdtbln. Mhadush l` whdehr thkhpjlnh dni hkhatrbadk bn`rdstrua bn`rds trua turh bn lutkybnc lutkybnc drhds drhds,, Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs bn rurdk r urdk sbths gdy mh kbgbthi kbgbthi tl shnibnc dni rhahbvb rha hbvbnc nc hgdbk ln tjhbr laadsblndk laa dsblndk vbsbts tl tjh adpbtdk a dpbtdk lr abty ahnthr ahnt hr l` tjhbr tjhbr bskdni crlup. Qlgh Plkunthhrs jdvh mrlucjt kdptlp algputhrs, mut tjhy drh rhsplnsbmkh `lr bnsurbnc dni gdbntdbnbnc tjhsh algputhrs.
Mh dwdrh dwdr h tjdt ylu wbkk wbkk prlmdmky nlt `bni `bni tjh t jh sdgh khvhk khvhk l` thajnba t hajnbadk dk dssbstdna dss bstdnahh dni shrvbah bn Ylncd ds ylu wluki wl uki dt dt jlgh dni tjdt t jdt rhpkdahghnt pdrts pdrt s aluki a luki tdeh glntjs tl drrbvh. drr bvh. (Qhh tjh hdrkbhr hdrkbhr Kbvbnc Kbvbnc Alnibtblns Alnibtblns dni Plkunthhr Plkunthhr Kb`hs Kb`hstykh tykh shatbln sha tbln `lr glrh bn`lr bn`lrgdtbln.) gdtbln.)
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 12
SHKALGH KHYYH]Q @]LG YLNCD PLKXNYHH]Q Gdkl h khkhb! khkhb!
Alncrdtukdtblns ln ylur bnvbtdtbln bnvbtdtbln tl t l wlre wlr e bn bn tjh Ebncilg Ebncilg l` Ylncd! B jlph ylur Cllckh shdraj shdra j l` Ylncd dni bts mhdutb`uk mhdajhs jdvh gdih ylu hxabthi tl mh d pdrt l` tjh nhxt crlup cr lup l` tjh klnc hstdmkbsjhi hstdmkbsjhi Vhdah Alrps/Ylncd Plkunthhrs! Plkunthhrs! Dktjlucj d sgdkk bskdni ndtbln, Ylncd jds cdbnhi bts nbaendgh ds Yjh @rbhniky Bskdnis `lr d rhdsln. My ajllsbnc tl Plkunthhr bn Ylncd, ylu wbkk cdbn bnsbcjt bntl d strlnc dni prlui aukturh wbtj d crlup l` phlpkh phlpkh hxabthi tl sjdrh btbt wbtj w btj ylu. Rlu Rlu wbkk wbkk khdrn khdrn tl iln `kbp-`klps `kbp-`klps (lr mdrh `hht), d tuphnu dni td‒lvdkd (klnc sebrt wlrn w lrn mltj my ghn dni wlghn), wlg hn), dni d qubae-tl-kducj qubae- tl-kducj dttbtuih. Rlu w bkk bkk cdbn Ylncdn kdncudch, shk`-prla shk`-pr lakdb kdbghi ghi Ylncdn `dgbkbhs, `dgbkbhs, dni dn dmbkb dmbkbty ty tl sklw ilwn ilw n tl ‛Ylncdn tbgh.‗ tbgh.‗ Ds Hnckbsj Hnckbsj kdncudch `da bkbtdtlrs, bkbtdtlrs, ylu wbkk cht tjh ajdna h tl wlre wbtj w btj thdajhrs dni stuihnts bn bn prbgdry sa jllks tjrlucjlut Ylncd tl jhkp jhkp bgprlvh bgprlvh tjh thdajbnc thda jbnc l` Hnckb Hnckbsj, sj, Ylncd‒s Ylncd‒ s shalni s halni ndtblndk kdncudch. Rlu w bkk bkk jdvh Vbhi Vbphr glghnts ds ylu‒rh ylu‒r h trdbkhi trdbkhi my aurblus stuihnts, s tuihnts, wjl bn turn wbkk wbkk mhalgh mhal gh ylur mhst thdajhrs. Yjh kducjthr kducjthr l` ajbkirhn ajbkirhn gdy gdy vhry vhry whkk mhalgh pdrt pdrt l` tjh mdaeirlp l` ylur shrvbah, shrvbah, hspha bdkky bdkky b` ylu drh lnh l` tjh gdny Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs w jl kbvh kbvh ln d sajllk sa jllk algpluni. Rlu Rlu gdy dksl dksl jhkp wbtj w btj jhdktjy kb`hs kb`hstykh tykh datbvb dat bvbtbhs, tbhs, kbmrdry, kbmrdry, pjysbadk pjysba dk hiuadtbln, hiuadt bln, tutlrbnc lkihr lkihr stuihnts stu ihnts bn Hnckb Hnckbsj, sj, jhkpbnc jhkpbnc w btj Adgp CKLS/C]LS ylutj khdihrsjbp datbvbtbhs, dni dny ltjhr vdrbhty l` prlohats ylu drh bnthrhsthi bn. Alggunbty bs bs dn bgplrtdnt bgplrtdnt ds phat l` Ylncdn aukturh a ukturh dni ylu wbkk wbkk qubaeky qubaeky mh tdehn ‛unihr tjh wbnc‗ l` vdrblus `dgbkbhs bn ylur vbkkdch. Rlu wbkk mh tdehn ‚ hvd (wdnihrbnc), pkdahi bn `rlnt l` pbkhs l` `lli dt d edb plkd (`hdst), bnvbthi tl tjh whheky Qunidy ghdk l` kť dni rllt arlp, a rlp, nlt tl ghntbln ghntbln tjh gdny ltjhr tjbncs ylu gdy pdrtdeh bn mhadush, ‛Shkk, wjhn bn Ylncd … ‗ Rlur nhbcjmlrs, thdajhrs, dni stuihnts w bkk bkk tdeh bt upln tjhgshkvhs tjhgs hkvhs tl gdeh surh tjdt ylu drh whkk w hkk `hi dni jdvh pkhnty pkhnty l` algpdny. a lgpdny. Yjhy Y jhy wbkk mh qubae qub ae tl mrbnc ylu `lli lr s hni d ajbki ajbki tl aajhae jhae ln ylu. Bn gy (dkglst) tw t w l yhdrs bn d rurdk vbkk vbkkdch dch ln d sgdkk bskdni l`` tjh gdbn bskdni bskdni l` Ylncdtdpu, B jdvh `luni gyshk` mltj lvhrarlwihi dni klnhky, musy dni nlt dt dkk, aln`ushi dni alnthnt, bn thdrs dni kducjbnc kducjbnc sl jdri gy ajhhes a jhhes jurt. jurt . Jlwhvhr, tjh dmbkb dmbkbty ty tl didpt ylurshk` bntl vbkkdch vbkkdch kb`h, kb`h, dni arhdth ylurshk` ylurs hk` d jlgh dwdy `rlg `r lg jlgh (ds ylu dkk w bkk!) bkk!) lutw l utwhbcjs hbcjs dny l` tjh jdrihr glghnts . My tjh hni hni l` ylur twl tw l yhdrs, ylu wbkk wbkk wlnihr jlw ylu plssbmk plssbmky y ibin‒t enlw l` tjh kladtbln kladtbln (lr hxbsthnah) hxbsthnah) l` Ylncd prblr tl ylur ylur shrvbah. Sbtj tjdt, B jlph ylu cdtjhr up ylur hntjus bdsg, ylur s hnsh l` juglr, ylur wbkkb wbkkbncnhss ncnhss tl khdrn dni gdeh d `llk l` ylurshk`, dni olbn olbn us bn tjh klvhky klvhky Ebncilg l` Ylncd. Rlur `hkklw `hkklw Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs,, `uturh `ut urh stuihnts dni vbkk vbkkdchrs dchrs adn‒t wdbt tl ghht ylu! ‚L`d dtu! ’Ajbdrd ’Ajbdrd Alkkhtth Ylncd Crlup 33 (=64=‑49)
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 96
Ihdr Bnvbthhs, Bnvbthhs, GĄkŇ h khkhb! khkhb! Alncrdtukdtb Alncr dtukdtblns lns
ln rhdajbnc rhda jbnc tjbs stdch l` tjh dppkbadt dppkbadtbln bln prla prlahss hss dni rhahbvbnc rhahbvbnc ylur bnvbtdtbln bnvbtdtbln tl olbn olbn Vhdah Vhda h Alrps/Ylncd! Alrps/Y lncd! Ylncd rhdkky rhdkky bs sphabdk spha bdk dglnc Vhdah Alrps plsts plst s iuh tl lur klnc jbstlry dni sgdkk nugmhr l` Plkunthhrs. Lj, dni wh‒rh bn d trlpbadk pdrdibsh. Rlu jdvh kuaehi lut!
Jhrh bn Ylncd Y lncd ylu wbkk wbkk mh olbnb olbnbnc nc d ibvhrs ibvhrshh dni tdkhnthi crlup l` VAPs VAPs wjl w jl wbkk mhalgh kbeh kbeh d shalni s halni `dgbky5 dn lutstdnibnc kladk std`` wjl wbkk ehhp ylu sd`h, prhpdrh ylu tl wlre, dni thdaj ylu Ylncdn5 dni kladk kladk jlst jls t `dgbkbhs `dgbkbhs w jl wbkk tdeh ylu bn kbeh kbeh lnh l` tjhbr lwn lw n (dni `hhi ylu ... d klt!). Hvhntudkky Hvhntudkky ylu w bkk bkk glvh tl d rurdk vbkkdch vbkkdch lr sgdkk s gdkk tlwn tl w lre bn d Ylncdn hkhghntdry hkhghntdry sa s a jllk ds ds dn Hnckbsj Hnckbsj kdncudch `dabk `da bkbtdtlr. btdtlr. Dni tjdt bs w jhn ylu ghht tjh glst bgplrtdnt phlpkh l` dkk? dkk? ylur dilrdmkh, jbkdrblus, jbkdrblus, dni dgdzbnc dgdzbnc stuihnts. s tuihnts. Ds dn Hnckb Hnckbsj sj kdncudch `dabkbtdtlr, `dabkbtdtlr, ylu yl u wbkk wbkk mh wlrebnc w lrebnc tlchtjhr wbtj Ylncdn thdajhrs thdajhr s tl `la `laus us ln stuihnt-ahnthrhi thdajbnc dni jhkpbnc tl bgprlvh tjh Hnckbsj bnstruatbln dt ylur sajllk. Iln‒t wlrry b` tjbs slunis bntbgbidtb bntbgbidtbnc5 nc5 ylu wbkk mh trdbnhi t rdbnhi my Vhdah Alrps std``, st d``, dni tjh aurrhnt VAPs wbkk wbkk mh tjhrh tl supplrt ylu dni sjdrh tjh bnsbcjts tjhy‒vh cdbnhi cdbnhi iurbnc iurbnc tjhbr tjhbr yhdr(s) l` shrvb s hrvbah. ah. Bn gy hxphrbhnah, hxphrbhnah, tjh ehy bs bs rhdkky rhdkky tl mubki mubki ylur rhkd r hkdtblnsjbps tblnsjbps wbtj stuihnts st uihnts dni thdajhrs thda jhrs lvhr tbgh. Qlghtjbnc ds ds sbgpk s bgpkhh ds oleb olebnc nc dni hdtbnc hdtbnc wbtj w btj ylur thdajhrs thdajhrs a dn gdeh ylur prl`hssb prl`hssblndk lndk rhkdtb rhkdtblnsjbp lnsjbp guaj glrh `rubt`uk. `rubt`uk. Vhdah Alrps shrvbah wbkk mh d unbquh hxphrbhnah. Bt wbkk tdeh ylu tjrlucj tjh `ukk rdnch l` hgltblns, dni pkdah pkdah ylu bn bn sbtudtblns sbtudtblns ylu l`thn iln‒t iln‒t hxphat. hxphat. Rlu wbkk kducj, kducj, ary, kducj-nlt-tl-ary, kducj-nlt-tl-ary, dni ary ar y `rlg kducjbnc kducjbnc sl jdri. (Rlu wbkk wbkk dksl dksl khdrn tl ary a ry ln alggdni, algg dni, ds bs bs hxphathi hxpha thi wjhn ylu cbvh ‛tjdne ylu‗ sphhajhs dt `hdsts!) Rlur `hkklw VAPs wbkk jdvh ylur mdae tjrlucj bt dkk, dni tlchtjhr ylu wbkk crlw trhghnilusky. @bndkky, @bndkky, d wlri dmlut `khxbmbk `khxbmbkbty? bty? Mrbnc klts. Yjh Y jh pjrdsh ‛Shkk, ‛Shkk, B cuhss‗ cuhs s‗ jds mhalgh mha lgh d phrslndk phrs lndk gdntrd `lr gh? ‛‚Shkk, B cuhss B‒g clbnc tl tjbs `hdst.‗ ‛Shkk, B cuhss gy nhbcjmlr oust cdvh gh =6 plunis l` pltdtlhs.‗ ‛Shk ‛Shkk, k, B cuhss B jdvh tl cht up up dni dni idnah idnah bn bn `rlnt l` l` 486 phlpkh.‗ phlpkh.‗ Rhs, Rhs, tjh strucck str ucckhh bs bs rhdk, rhdk, mut tjh olurnhy olurnhy bs dgdzbnc. dgdzbnc. Ihspbth dkk dkk tjh t jh ib``baukt lr rbibauklus glghnts glg hnts B‒vh B ‒vh jdi (dkk tjh tbghs gy g y mus jds bnhxpkbadmky bnhxpkbadmky turnhi drluni, drlun i, lr wbk w bki i pbc ajdshs ajds hs jdvh ihrdbkhi ihrdbkhi gy akdss), akdss ), B jdvh mhhn jugmkhi jugmkhi my tjh `rbhnikbnhss `rbhnikbnhss dni chnhrlsbty l` tjh phlpkh bn bn gy vbkkdch vbkkdch dni Ylncd bn bn chnhrdk. Yjh Vhda h Alrps bs enlwn dni rhsphathi jhrh, dni ylu wbkk mh whkk tdehn adrh l`. Ql hnoly hnoly ylur tbgh dt jlgh dni sd`h trdvhks ln ylur wdy w dy tl tjh Vdab`ba. Sh adn‒t a dn‒t wdb w dbtt tl w hkalgh hkalgh ylu tl lur `dgbk ` dgbky! y! ‚L`d dtu, ’Vhthr Crdy Ylncd Crlup 33 (=64=‑49)
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 94
Lj, Ylncd! B` B jdi d ilkk ilkkdr `lr hvhry tbgh B sdb s dbii tjbs tjbs bn tjh pdst =6 glntjs, B wluki mh d rbaj rbaj w lgdn. B
utthr tjbs bn glghnts l` purh oly5 oly5 B utthr tjbs bn glghnts l` utthr `rustrdtbln. B` lnky lnky B jdi tjh w lris tl alnvhy jlw phr`hatky phr`hatky tjlsh twl kbttkh kbttkh wlris sug up jlw B `hhk dmlut gy shrvbah bn Ylncd. Yjdt prlmdmky prlmdmky shhgs strdnch tl ylu nlw, mut oust wdbt. Rlu wbkk `bni ylurshk` sdybnc tjbs dt slgh plbnt bn ylur shrvbah jhrh bn tjh mhdutb`uk mhdutb`uk Ebncilg l` Ylncd. Ylnc d. Bt‒s Bt‒ s dn bnsbih oleh wbtj Plkunthhrs Plkunthhrs ylu wbk w bkkk slln s lln mh d pdrt l`. Enlw ylur y lur thdggdths jhrh bn tjh ebncilg dnxblusky dw dbt ylur drrbvdk! drrbvdk! Qhrvbnc ds d Plkunthhr jhrh bn Ylncd bs truky d unbquh dni sphabdk hxphrbhnah. Vhdah Alrps Plkunthhrs jdvh mhhn jhrh `lr nhdrky 86 yhdrs. Yjh Vhdah Alrps bs d wbihky enlwn dni whkk-rhsphathi lrcdnbzdtbln jhrh bn Ylncd. B `bni tjdt gdny phlpkh wjl wj l iln‒t enlw gh whkk ln tjh bskdni bskdni s bgpky bgpky rh`hr tl gh ds ‛tjh Yu‒dnueu Vhdah Alrps.‗ B dg prlui tl mhdr tjbs ibstbnatbln. Yjh phlpkh wh jdvh tjh prbvbkhch tl shrvh drh ebni, ebni, chnhrlus, dni hdchr hdchr tl thdaj us Plkunthhrs lkunthhrs tjh ‛Ylncdn w dy.‗ Bt bs nhvhr hdsy tl cbvh ylurshk` sl a lgpkhthky lgpkhthky tl t l d phlpkh phlpkh ylu jdvh nhvhr enlwn, enlw n, mut ylu wbk w bkkk jdvh jdvh unkbgbthi unkbgbthi lpplrtunbtbhs tl try. Bt tlle gh gdny, gdny, trbhs tl rhdk r hdkky ky surrhnihr sur rhnihr gyshk` tl tjbs tjbs nhw wdy l` kb`h, kb`h, mut ilbnc sl jds mhhn lnh l` l` tjh crhdthst daa lgpkbsjghnts lgpkbsjghnts l` gy kb`h. kb`h. B jdvh d `dgbky `dgbky jhrh jhrh nlw. B jdvh d crlup l` phlpkh phlpkh B trust trus t dni klvh. klvh. B jdvh stuihnts w jl jdvh `lrhvhr bgprbnthi bgprbnthi tjhgshkvhs tjhgshkvhs ln gy jhdrt. B `hhk mkhsshi mkhsshi tl t l jdvh jdi d shrvbah kbeh tjbs. Ds wlnihr`uk ds Ylncd bs, shrvbnc jhrh wbkk dksl mh lnh l` tjh mbcchst ajdkkhnchs l` ylur kb`h. B enlw bt w ds `lr gh. Mut ylu drh nlt dklnh. dklnh. Rlu wbkk `hhk tjdt w wdy dy ds ylu sdy cllimyh tl hvhrytjbnc ylu enlw dni klvh. Enlw tjlucj, tjdt ylu wbkk slln mh d pdrt l` d nhw `dgbky. Ylncdns klvh tl hgmrdah ylu dni gdeh ylu lnh l` tjhbr lwn, hs phabdkky phabdkky b` b` ylu drh wbkkb wbkkbnc nc dni lphn tl tjh hxphrbhnah. Gy lnky pbhah pbhah l` divbah? Kht tjbs dkk jdpphn dt ylur lw n pdah. Ydeh Y deh ylur tbgh. Yjh Ylncdn phlpkh drh pdtbhnt. pdtbhnt. Xnk Xnkbe behh glst ltjhr Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs bn bn gy crlup, B ibin‒t ibin‒t enlw tjh ndgh l` hvhry hvhry phrsln bn bn gy vbkk vbkkdch dch untbk, whkk, oust d `hw glntjs dcl. Bn gy `brst `hw glntjs dt sbth, B gdih bt d cldk tl gdeh d `rbhni. Lnh `rbhni. Gy `brst `rbhni `r bhni bs stbk s tbkkk gy g y mhst `rbhni `r bhni jhrh. B l`thn l` thn rh`hr tl jhr ds ‛gy Ylncdn Yln cdn gltjhr.‗ Qjh jhkphi jhkphi gh khdrn khdrn jlw tl tdeh adrh l` gys hk` hk` jhrh, jlw tl sphde mhtthr Ylncdn, Ylncdn, jlw tl unihrstdni tjh wdys l` jhr phlpkh. phlpkh. Qjh cubihi cubihi gh hvhry sthp l` tjh wdy bn bn gy crlwtj crlwt j ds ds d Plk Plkunthhr. unthhr. Kb Kbttkh tjbncs kbe kbehh hsalrtbnc hsa lrtbnc gh tl nhw alggunbty hvhnts, hvhnts, thkkb thkkbnc nc gh jlw tl t l irhss, irhss , stlppb s tlppbnc nc my hvhry idy oust oust tl ajdt dni gdeh surh B wds `hhkbnc LE. Yjhy gdih d wlrki l` ib``hrhnah `lr gh. Lnh `rbhni. Lnh kb`hkbnh. Lnh strlnc alnnhatbln tl tjh rhst l` gy alggunbty. a lggunbty. Bt w ds dkk dkk B nhhihi tl jhkp jhkp gh rhdkky rhdkky gdeh kbvb kbvbnc nc bn tjbs tbny t bny kbttkh kbttkh vbkkdch vbkkdch sl `dr `rlg `r lg jlgh plssbmkh. plssbmkh. Ylncd bs nlw gy jlgh. B klvh gy olm jhrh. B `hhk ush`uk dni prliuatbvh. B dg prlui l` tjh tjbncs lur aurrhnt aurr hnt crlups drh daalgpk daalgpkbsjb bsjbnc. nc. B dg prlui l` tjh Ylncdns wh w lre wbtj `lr tdebnc rbses dni trybnc nhw tjbncs wbtj w btj us. B dg hxabthi ylu drh nlw d pdrt l` lur thdg. Shkalgh Shkalgh tl Ylncd Y lncd Crlup 32! ’Dmmy Eklmhridnz Ylncd Crlup 33 (=64=‑49)
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 9=
VDAEBNC KBQY Yjbs kbst jds mhhn algpbkhi my Plkunthhrs shrvbnc bn Ylncd dni bs mdshi ln tjhbr hxphrbhnah. Xsh bt ds dn bn`lrgdk cubih bn gdebnc ylur lwn lw n kbst, kbst, mhdrbnc bn bn gbni tjdt t jdt hdaj hxphrbhnah bs bnibvb bnibvbiudk. iudk. Yjhrh bs nl phr`hat kbst! kbst! Rlu Rlu lmvblusky lmvblusky adnnlt mrbnc mrbnc hvhrytjb hvhrytjbnc nc ln ln tjh kbst, kbst, sl alnsbihr tjlsh bthgs bthgs tjdt gdeh gdeh tjh tjh glst shnsh tl ylu phrslndkky dni prl`hssblndkky. Rlu adn dkwdys jdvh tjbncs shnt tl ylu kdthr. Ds ylu ihabih w jdt tl mrbnc, ehhp bn bn gbni tjdt ylu jdvh d 466-pluni whbcjt w hbcjt kbgb kbgbtt ln mdccdch. Dni Dni rhghgmhr, r hghgmhr, ylu adn a dn cht dkglst hvhrytjbnc ylu nhhi bn Ylncd. Chnh rdk rdk Akltjbnc Akltjbnc Jdni-wdsjbnc dni Ylncdn whdtjhr drh jdri ln akltjbnc, sl dny akltjbnc ylu mrbnc wbkk prlmdmky whdr lut. Kbcjtwhbcjt, Kbcjtwhbcjt, `dst-irybnc `ds t-irybnc akltjbnc akltjbnc (plkyhsthr (plkyhsthr lr nykln) bs bs nbah nbah mhadush mha dush bt wbkk wbkk nlt ``dih dih lr strhtaj s trhtaj ds guaj ds alttln a lttln mkhnis. mkhnis.
Irhssbnc bn d aukturdkky dpprlprbdth gdnnhr bs bgplrtdnt, hsphabdkky ln luthr bskdnis. Bn prl`hssblndk shttbncs, gdkh Plk Plkunthhrs unthhrs drh hxphathi tl w hdr wjdt w jdt Ylncdn ghn whdr’d tuphnu, d slkbi-a slkbi-alklr lklr wrdpdrluni cdrghnt (purajdshi kladkky), wbtj d irhss sjbrt. Iurbnc khbsurh tbgh, Ylncdn ghn typbadkky whdr tjh sdgh tjbncs ghn whdr w hdr bn tjh X.Q. X.Q. (h.c., mhklw-t mhklw-tjh-e jh-enhh nhh sjlrts lr skdaes skdaes dni Y-sjbrts). Y-sjbrts). @hgdkh @hgdkh Plkunthhrs drh hxphathi tl whdr irhsshs lr sebrts tjdt drh gbiadk` lr klnchr bn mltj prl`hssblndk shttbncs dni iurbnc khbsurh tbgh. B` tjh irhsshs/sebrts drh nlt klnc hnlucj, klnc wrdpdrluni unihrsebrts drh dvdbkdmkh dvdbkdmkh kladkky. kladkky. Hxahssbvhky Hxahs sbvhky tbcjt akltjb a kltjbnc nc bs dksl aukturdkk a ukturdkky y bndpprlprbdth. Dt Dt jlgh, jlg h, wlghn wlg hn l`thn whdr kllsh-`bttbnc skdaes, adprbs pdnts, lr mhklw-tjh-enhh sjlrts. Bn chnhrdk, wlghn sjluki dkwdys alvhr tjhbr sjlukihrs dni enhhs dni sjluki nlt whdr w hdr sjlrts sjlr ts hxahpt `lr ` lr swbggbnc swbggbnc lr hxhrabsbnc. hxhra bsbnc. Diibtb Diibtblndkk lndkky, y, ylu sjluki nlt mh dmkh tl shh s hh ylur drgpbts drgpbts lr gbirb`` gbirb`` wjhn rdbsbnc ylur ylur drgs. drgs . @lkklwbnc drh slgh sphab`ba akltjbnc succhstblns dni rhalgghnidtblns? Lnh swhdtsjbrt lr `khhah (bt adn cht ajbkky bn tjh wbnthr) Kbcjtw Kbcjtwhbcjt hbcjt rdbn odaeht odaeht Mkdae akltjbnc akltjbnc tl whdr w hdr tl `unhrdks `unhrdks lr tl sjlw glurnbnc glurnbnc Qwbgsub Qw bgsubtt lr mldri sjlrts `lr vdadtblns vdadtblns Xnihrwhdr (w btj sturiy hkdstba) hkdstba) dni hxhrabsh slaes Jbcj-qudkbty bcj-qudkbty splrt splr t sdnidks (h.c., (h.c. , Yhvd, Ajdal, lr ]hh` Sdkehr), Sdkehr), nbah nba h sdnidks `lr sphabdk hvhnts, snhdehrs , jbebnc jbebnc mllts b` ylu drh pkdnnbnc pkdnnbnc ln jbebnc jbebnc bn Ylncd lr ltjhr aluntrbhs, a luntrbhs, dni sjlh s jlhss `lr stdcbnc bn tjh X.Q. •
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@lr Ghn • •
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Qbx tl hbcjt kbcjt Y-sjbrts (hxhrabsh sjbrts gdih l` wbaebnc `dmrba drh hsphabdkky jhkp`uk) Ohdns dni kbcjtw kbcjtwhbcjt hbcjt pdnts (ejdebs ( ejdebs lr nykln). nykln). (R ( Rlu wbkk mh whdrbnc d trdibtblndk trdibtblndk tuphnu t uphnu hvhry idy tl wlre dni ajuraj.) Qhvhrdk kbcjtwhbcjt, alkkdrhi, sjlrt-skhhvhi, irhss sjbrts dni nbah plkls (hnlucj `lr wlre dni ajuraj, ajura j, `lr hvhry idy mut Qdturidy) Dt khdst lnh tbh dni d klnc-skhhvhi sjbrt tl cl wbtj bt Mdsehtmdkk lr runnbnc sjlrts `lr ylur lwn jlush lr hxhrabsh Qjlrts tjdt cl tl dt khdst khdst ylur enhh `lr clbnc clbnc lut ln hvhnbncs hvhnbncs dni whhehnis
@lr Slghn
Nlth? dkk dkk irhsshs irhs shs dni sebrts sebrts sjluk s jlukii mh dt gbiadk` gbiadk` lr dnekh dnekh khnctj khnctj dni mklushs mklushs sjluki nlt mh skhhvhk skhhvhkhss, hss, shhs hhtjrlucj, lr jdvh mdrh gbirb``s gbirb``s Dt khdst tjrhh mkdae lut`bts? hbtjhr d irhss wbtj skhhvhs lr d sebrt dni tlp •
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 91
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Adsudk irhsshs lr gbx-dni-gdtaj sebrts dni mklushs (`lr wlre, wdkebnc bn pumkba, dni ajuraj) Xnihrwhdr, mrds, dni splrts mrds (wbaebnc (wbaebnc `dmrba Uh.c., AllkgdxW AllkgdxW bs h``hatbvh) h`` hatbvh) Xnihrsjbrts lr a dgbslkhs dgbslkhs `lr s jhhr mklushs mklushs Lnh lr tw l pdbrs pdbrs l` adprb a dprbss lr kbcjtwhbcjt kbcjtwhbcjt klnc klnc pdnts5 ohdns `lr alkihr whdtjhr Mbeh sjlrts s jlrts `lr glihsty glihs ty dni alg`lrt unihr seb sebrts rts (rhghgmhr tjdt Ylncd bs bs vhry jugbi) Mldri sjlrts `lr swb s wbggb ggbnc nc bn pumkb pumkba pkdahs. pkdahs. (Qwbgsub (Qw bgsubts ts adn lnky mh wlrn dt rhslrts bn Ylncd.)
Vhrslndk Vhrs lndk Jycbhnh dni dni Ylbkh Ylbkh try try Bthgs Ylwhks (kbcjtwhbcjt, qubae-iry lnhs drh prh`hrdmkh tl tjbae lnhs iuh tl jdni-wdsjbnc dni irybnc tbgh)5 tbgh)5 trdvhk tr dvhk tlwhk (gbarl-`bmhr) Bnbtbdk suppky s uppky l` ylur `dvlrbth sjdgpll, ihlilrdnt, phr`ugh, hta. (L``hnsb ( L``hnsbvh vh lilrs drh dr h pdrtbaukdrky lmohatblndmkh lmohatblndmkh bn Ylncdn aukturh.) a ukturh.) Ihlilrdnt Ihlilr dnt bs dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkhh bn Ylncd, Yln cd, mut tjh qudkbty qudkbty bs pllr. pllr . Alsghtbas, b` ylu whdr tjhg (kladk prliuats drh chnhrdkky nlt clli qudkbty) Qbx-glntj suppky l` tdgplns lr pdis (tdgplns drh nlt dkwdys dvdbkdmkh bn Ylncd, dni tjhy drh hxphnsbvh) Jdni sdnbtb s dnbtbzhr zhr dni kbqubi kbqubi mliy mli y wdsj wds j Pbtdgbns, prh`hrrhi ghibadtblns (kbeh bmuprl`hn), lr ibhtdry suppkhghnts Mdmy plwihr plw ihr lr tdkaug plwihr Qgdkk gbrrlr Alntdat slkutbln suppky `lr sbx glntjs b` ylu whdr alntdats. Bt‒s nlt dvdbkdmkh hvhrywjhrh bn Ylncd dni bs vhry hxphnsbvh. ]dzlrs ]dzlrs (mrbnc d `hw tl s tdrt wb w btj, ylu aadn dn cht ajhdphr qudkbty qudkbty lnhs lnhs jhrh) •
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Ebtajhn (Gdny l` tjhsh bthgs a dn mh `luni bn Ylncd, mut drh l` klwhr qudkbty qudkbty.) .) Qwbss Drgy enb`h, Khdtjhrgdn, lr ltjhr utbkbty tllk (pdae bn ylur ajhaehi kuccdch) Qjdrp ebtajhn enb`h (pdae bn ylur ajhaehi kuccdch) Nlnstbae `rybnc `rybnc pdn pdn Qturiy gdnudk adn lphnhr D @rhnaj prhss lr stlvh-tlp hsprhssl gdehr (b` ylu kbeh al``hh)5 bnstdnt al``hh bs dvdbkdmkh jhrh, mut ihad` ihad` al``hh al` `hh bs bs nlt. Ghdsurbnc Ghdsurbnc spllns dni a ups Qpbahs/jlt sduah Phchtdmkh jlkihr (tjrhh-mdseht, jdncbnc) • • • • •
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Gbsahkkdnhlus Kuccdch? Kla Klaedmkh edmkh rlkkbnc rlkkbnc iu`` iu``hk hk mdcs wlre w lre mhst. mhs t. Vkhdsh V khdsh ehhp bn bn gbni tjdt ylu sjluki mh dmkh dmkh tl t l gdndch g dndch dkk l` ylur kuccdch wbtjlut w btjlut tjh dssbstdnah dssbst dnah l` ltjhrs. ltjhr s. Rlu Rlu gdy dksl dksl wdnt w dnt d sgdkkhr sgdkkhr mdc tl ush `lr ylur prhshrvbah trdbnbnc trdbnbnc jlghstdy. Qgdkk mdaepdae lr sjlukihr mdc Qjhhts (ilumkh `kdts `kdts drh glst ush`uk us h`uk)) Qturiy wdthr mlttkhs (dt khdst twl5 h.c., Ndkchnh lr AdghkMde) Ibcbtdk Ibcbtdk a dghrd. Dksl Dksl alnsbihr a lnsbihr dn unihrwdthr adghrd dni/lr hxtrd ghglry adris dni mdtthrbhs. @kdsjkbcjt @kdsjkbcjt lr jhdikdgp (KHI prh`hrrhi) prh` hrrhi) dni/lr dni/ lr rhdibnc kdgp/mlle kdgp/mlle kbcjt kbcjt Gdse dni snlrehk lr swbggbnc clcckhs Qgdkk shwbnc ebt ]hajdrchdmkh ]hajdr chdmkh mdtthrbhs dni a jdrchr (Mdtthrbhs drh dvdbkdmk dvdbkdmkh, h, mut drh chnhrdkky chnhrdkky l` pllr qudkbty qudkbty dni tjhrh bs bs nl wdy tl prlphrky ibsplsh ibsplsh l` tjhg.) • • • • • • • •
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 99
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GV1 pkdyhr (h.c., bVli) lr sgdkk mllgmlx dni sgdkk sphdehrs Mbayakh (Qlgh Plkunthhrs rhalgghni mrbncbnc lnh mhadush l` tjh pllr qudkbty l` kladk mrdnis5 ltjhrs sdy bt bs nlt wlrtj tjh diihi whbcjt.) B` ylu ihabih tl mrbnc d mbayakh, tjhn d mbayakh tllk ebt dni bnnhr tumhs drh rhalgghnihi. rha lgghnihi. Yjh Y jh Vhdah Alrps wbkk wbkk prlvbih d jhkght. Kdptlp algputhr. B` ylu dkrhdiy lwn lnh, bt gdy mh wlrtj mrbncbnc, ds gdny Plkunthhrs `bni bt vhry jhkp`uk tl jdvh lnh. Alnibtblns drh jdri ln algputhrs, mut bnsurdnah bs dvdbkdmkh. Glst kladtblns jdvh hkhat hkhatrbabty, rbabty, tjlucj d sgdkk sg dkk nugmhr l` dss bcnghnts drh bn kladtblns tjdt jdvh hkhat hkhatrbabty rbabty lnky dt ahrtdbn ahr tdbn tbghs tbghs lr nlt dt dkk. dkk. Hkhatrbadk didpthrs tl dkklw ylu tl pkuc d kdptlp dni plwhr ajdrchrs bntl ==6 vlkt lutkhts (tjh sdgh ds Dustrdkbd) Hxthrndk jdri irbvh `lr hdsy algputhr bn`lrgdtbln stlrdch dni trdnsplrtdtbln dni tl sjdrh ghibd wbtj ltjhr Plkunthhrs Qunckdsshs Qun jdt lr vbslr Hdr pkucs Hxtrd pdbr pdbr l` ckdsshs Qajllk suppkbhs suppkbhs (h.c., jbcjk jbcjkbc bcjthrs, jthrs, bnihx adris, adris , stdpkhr dni stdpkhs, ckuh stbaes, stbaes , rummhr mdnis, pdphr, kdgb kdgbndtb ndtbnc nc sjhhts, hta.) hta .) Sdthrprll` zbpphrhi pkdstba mdcs tl jhkp prlthat vdkudmkhs dni tl ehhp akltjhs dni bgplrtdnt pdphrs iry Jdgglae (`lr (` lr adgpb a dgpbnc nc lr `lr bn ylur ylur jlush) Yhnt (b` ( b` ylu pkdn pkdn ln ilbnc dny a dgpbnc) Yrdvhk dkdrg aklae Slrki gdp (crhdt `lr hnthrtdbnbnc tjh kladk ebis lr thdajbnc dt sajllks) Iuat tdph Cdghs (dnytjbnc ylu adn pdae hdsbky, bnakuibnc d ihae l` adris)
Sjdt Nlt Yl Mrbnc Iln‒t mrbnc mr bnc dnytjbnc dnytjbnc gdih g dih `rlg khdtjhr, bnakuibnc sjlhs, sjl hs, mhkts, dni wdkk w dkkhts hts.. Yjhy wbk w bkkk gbkihw gbkihw bn tjh jugbibty. jugbibty. •
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 98
V]H-IHVD]YX]H AJHAEKBQY Yjh `lkklwb `lkklwbnc nc kbst kbst alns bsts l` suc chstblns `lr `lr ylu tl alnsbihr alns bihr ds ylu prhpdrh p rhpdrh tl kbvh kbvh luts bih tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths `lr twl yhdrs. y hdrs. Nlt Nlt dkk bthgs bthgs drh rhkhvdnt rhkhvdnt tl hvhrylnh, dni tjh kbst kbst bs nlt algprhjhnsbvh. @dgbky Nltb`y `dgbky `dgbky tjdt tjd t tjhy adn adkk tjh Alunshkbnc Aluns hkbnc dni Lutrhdaj Xnbt dt dn y tbg tbgh b` tjhrh bs d arbtbadk bkknh bkknhss s lr ihdt j l` d `dgbky `dgbky ghgmhr (=9 (=9-jlu -jlurr pjln pj lnhh nug nu gmhr? mh r? :88 :88.:8 .:88.4204 8.4204 hxt. hxt. 4936) 4936).. Cbvh `dgbk `dgbkyy dni `rbhnis tjh Vhdah Vhd ah Alrps Alrps Ln tjh Jlgh @rlnt jdnimlle. •
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Vdssplrt/Yrdvhk @lrwdri @lrwdri tl tjh Vhdah Alrps Alrps trdvhk l``bah l``bah dkk pdphrwlre pdphrwlre `lr tjh Vhdah Alrps pdss plrt dni vbsds. Phrb`y hrb`y tjdt tjd t ylur kuccdch kuccdc h ghhts ghhts tjh sbzh dni dn i whbcjt whbcjt kbgbts kbgbts `lr bnthrndtblndk bnthrnd tblndk trdvhk. Lmtdbn d phrslndk phrs lndk pdss plrt b` b` ylu pkdn pkdn t l t rdvhk d`thr d`thr ylu r shrvbah. (Rlur (Rlur Vhdah Alrps pdss plrt wbk wbkkk hxpbr hxpbrhh tjrhh glntjs d`thr ylu r shrvbah shrvbah hnis hn is55 b` ylu pkdn pkdn t l trdvhk klnchr, klnchr, ylu‒k ylu ‒kkk n hhi d rhcukdr pds splrt.) sp lrt.) • • •
Ghibadk/Jhdktj Algpkhth Algpkhth dny n hhihi hhih i ihntdk ihntd k dni ghibadk ghibadk wlre. wlre. B` ylu whdr ckdsshs, ckdss hs, mrbnc mrbnc twl pdbrs. pdbrs. Drrdnch tl mrbnc d tjrhh-g tj rhh-glnt lntj j suppky supp ky l` dkk ghibadt ghibadtblns blns (bnakuibnc mbr m brtj tj al ntrlk pbkks) pbkks) ylu drh aurrhntky tdebnc. • • •
Bnsurdnah Gdeh drrdnchghnts tl gdbntdbn gdbntdbn kb`h bns urdnah alvhrdch. alvhrdch . Drrdnch tl gdbntdbn gdbntdbn suppkhg su ppkhghntdk hntdk jhdktj alvhrdch wjbkh wjbkh ylu drh dwdy. (Hvhn (Hvhn tjlu tjlucj cj tjh Vhdah Alrps Alrps bs rhsplns rhsp lns bmkh bmkh `lr ylur jhdktj jhdktj adrh iurb iurbnc nc Vhdah Alrps s hrvbah hrvbah dmrldi, btbt bs divbsdmkh div bsdmkh `lr `lr phlpkh phlp kh wjl jdvh prh-hxbstbnc prh-hxbstbnc alnibtblns tl drrdnch drrdnch `lr tjh alntbnudtbln aln tbnudtbln l` tjhbr supp khghntdk khghntdk jhdktj j hdktj alvhrdch. B` tjhrh bs d kdpsh bn alvhrdch, btbt bs l`thn ib``b ib``baukt aukt dni hxphns hxphns bvh tl mh rhbnstdt hi.) Drrdnch tl alntbnuh Ghi badrh badrh alvhrdch b` dppkb d ppkbadmkh. admkh. • •
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Vhrslndk Vdphrs Vdphrs Mrbnc Mrbnc d al py l` ylu ylurr ahrtb`badth ahrtb`badth l` gdrrbdch gdrrbdch lr ibvlrah. •
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]hcbst ]hcbsthr hr tl vlth v lth bn tjh stdth st dth l` ylur jlgh jlgh l` rhalri. (Gdny (Gdny stdth s tdth unbvhrsbtbhs alnsbihr vltbnc dni pdy ghnt l` s tdth pdyg tdt h tdxhs tdxhs ds hvbihnah hvbihn ah l` rhsbihnah rhsbihn ah bn bn tjdt tj dt stdth.) std th.) Lmtdbn d vlthr rhcbstrdtbln rhcbstrdtbln adri adri dni tdeh bt wbtj wbtj ylu lvhrshds . Drrdnch tl jdvh dn dmshnthh dmshn thh mdkklt mdkklt `lrwdr `lrwdrihi ihi t l ylu yl u lvhrshds .
Vhrslndk H``hats Vurajdsh phrslndk phrslnd k prlphrty bnsu bnsu rdnah tl hxthni hxthni `rlg tjh t jh t bgh bgh ylu khdvh ylur yl ur jlgh jlgh `lr shrvbah lvhrshds untbk tjh tbgh tbgh ylu algpkhth algpkhth ylur ylu r shrvbah dni rhturn tl tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths. Qtdths . •
@bndnabdk Gdndchgh Gdndchgh nt Ehhp d mdne daalunt daalu nt bn bn ylur ndgh ndgh bn tjh Xnbthi Xnbthi Qtdths. Qtdth s. Lmtdbn stui s tuihnt hnt kldn ih`hrghnt ih`hrghnt `lrgs `rlg tjh tj h khnihr lr kldn shrvbah. sh rvbah. Bn`lrg Bn`lrgdtbln dtbln dml dmlut ut kldn ih`hrghnt ih`hrghnt bs dt phdahalrps.clv/k phdahalrps .clv/kldns. ldns. Hxhauth d plwhr l` dttlrnhy dttl rnhy `lr `lr tjh gdndchghnt gdndchghnt l` ylur prlphrty prlphrty dni mus bnhss. Drrdnch `lr `lr ihiuatblns ihiuat blns `rlg `rlg ylur rhdioustghnt rhdioustghnt dkklw dkklwdnah dnah tl pdy dkbg dkbglny, ajbki ajbki supplrt, su pplrt, dni ltjhr ihmts ihm ts tjrlucj tj rlucj tjh L``bah L``bah l` Plkunt Plkunthhr hhr @bndnabdk Lphrdtblns Lphrdtbln s dt :88.:8 :88.:88.4 8.4204 204 hxt. hxt. 43 4336 36.. Vkdah Vkdah dkk bgplrtdnt bgplrtdnt pdphrs’glrtcdchs pdphrs’glrtcdchs , ihhis, stlaes stl aes,, dni mlnis’bn mlnis’bn d sd`h ihplsbt ihp lsbt mlx lr wbtj wbtj dn dttlrnhy lr l r ltjhr adrhtde a drhtdehr. hr. • •
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YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 90
ALNYDAYBNC VHDAH AL]VQ JHDITXD]YH]Q Yjbs kbst l` nugmhrs wbkk jhkp alnnhat ylu wbtj tjh dpprlprbdth l``bah dt Vhdah Alrps jhdiqudrthrs tl dnsw hr vdrblus quhstblns. quhs tblns. Rlu adn ush us h tjh tlkk-`r tlkk-`rhh hh nugmhr dni hxthnsbln lr ibdk ibrhatky usbnc u sbnc tjh kla kladk dk nugmhrs prlvbihi. Mh surh tl khdvh tjh tlkk-`rhh nugmhr dni hxthnsblns wbtj ylur `dgbky sl tjhy adn alntdat alntda t ylu bn tjh hvhnt hvhnt l` dn hghrchnay. Vhdah Alrps jhdiqudrthrs tlkk-`rhh nugmhr? :88.:88.4204, prhss 4, tjhn hxthnsbln nugmhr (shh mhklw) Vhdah Alrps gdbkbnc dbkbnc dii diirhss rhss ?
Vhdah Alrps Vduk I. Alvhrihkk Vhdah Alrps Jhdiqudrthrs 4444 4444 =6tj Qtrhht NS Sdsjbnctln, IA =68=0
@lr Tuhstbln Tuh stblnss Dmlut Dmlut
Qtd``
Ylkk-`rhh hxthnsbln hxthnsbln
]hspl nibnc tl dn bnvbtdtbln
L``b L``bah ah l` Vkdahghnt Vkdahghnt
hxt. hxt. 4:96
=6 =6=.0 =.02= 2=.4:9 .4:96 6
Aluntry Alun try bn`lrgdtbln
]dajhk ]dajh k Clkis thbn th bn Ihse L``bahr L``bahr
hxt. hxt. =842 rclkisthbnFph rclkis thbnFphdaha dahalrps.clv lrps.clv
=6=.02 =6= .02=.=842 =.=842
Vkdnh Vkdnh tbaehts tbaehts,, pds splrts, sp lrts, vbsds , lr ltjhr trdvhk gdtthrs gdtthrs ASY QDYL Yrdvhk Yrdv hk
hxt. hxt. 4436
=6=.02 =6= .02=.4436 =.4436
Khcdk akhdrdn ah?
hxt. hxt. 4:96
=6=.02 =6= .02=.4:96 =.4:96
hxt. hxt. 4866
=6=.02 =6= .02=.4866 =.4866
L``bah L``bah l` Vkdahghnt
Ghibadk akhdrdnah akhdrdnah dni `lrgs `lrgs prlahss bnc (bnak (bnakuihs uihs ihntdk) Qarhhnbnc Qarhhn bnc Nursh Nurs h Ghibadk Ghi badk rhbgmurs rhbgmurshghnts hghnts (jdni (jdnikhi khi my d s uma umalnt lntrdatlr) rdatlr) Kldn ih`hrghnt ih`hrghntss , tdxhs, `bndn `bndnabdk abdk lph lphrdtblns rdtblns
Ibrhat/Kladk
:6 :66.8 6.899 99.4:6 .4:6= = hxt. hxt. 4336
=6 =6=.0 =.02= 2=.433 .4336 6
]hdious ]hdioustg tghnt hnt dkk d kklwdnah lwdnah wbtjirdwdk wbtjirdwdks, s, plwhr l` dttlrnhy, s tdcbnc (prh-ihpdrturh (prh-ihpdrturh lrbhntdtbln), dni rhplrtbnc rhplrtbnc bnstruatblns L``bah L``bah l` Qtdcbnc Qtd cbnc hxt. hxt. 4:08 =6=.02= =6= .02=.4:08 .4:08 Nlth? Nlt h? Rlu wbk k rhahbvh algprhjhn sbvh bn`lrgdtbln bn`lrgdtb ln (jlt hk dni `kbcjt `kbcj t drrdnchghnts) drrdnchghn ts) tjrhh tjrh h tl `bvh whhe s prbl r tl ihpdrtu rh. Yjbs bn`lrgdtbln bn`lrgdtbln b s nlt dv dbkd mkh sllnhr.
@dgbk @dgbkyy hghrchna hghrchnabhs bhs (tl cht bn`lrgdtbln bn`lrgdtbln tl d Plkunt Plkunthhr hhr lvhrs l vhrshds hds ) =9 jlu jlurs rs Aluns hkbnc dni Lutrhdaj Xnbt hxt. hxt. 4936 L``bah L``bah l` Pbatbg Divl Di vlada aday y
hxt. hxt. 4381 =9 j lurs (adkk (adkk lr t hxt)
YJH VHDAH AL]VQ | YLNCD SHKALGH MLLE | OXNH =648 93
=6 =6=.0 =.02= 2=.493 .4936 6 =6=.02=.4381 =6=.02 =.4381 =6=.962.=369
